FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Carrera, LM Buyer, JS Vinyard, B Abdul-Baki, AA Sikora, LJ Teasdale, JR AF Carrera, L. M. Buyer, J. S. Vinyard, B. Abdul-Baki, A. A. Sikora, L. J. Teasdale, J. R. TI Effects of cover crops, compost, and manure amendments on soil microbial community structure in tomato production systems SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial community; FAME; biolog; hairy vetch; cover crop; black polyethylene; mulch ID BLACK POLYETHYLENE MULCH; FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; HAIRY VETCH; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; PROFILES; LEVEL; YIELD; CORN AB Soil microbial community structure and crop yield was investigated in field tomato production systems that compared black polyethylene mulch to hairy vetch mulch and inorganic N to organic N. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) hairy vetch cover cropping increases crop yield and significantly affects soil microbial community structure when compared to the standard plastic mulch and synthetic fertilizer-based system; (2) within plastic mulch systems, organic amendments will increase crop yield and significantly affect soil microbial community structure when compared to synthetic fertilizer; (3) crop yields and microbial community structure will be similar in the hairy vetch cover cropping and the organic amended plasticulture systems. Treatments consisted of ammonium nitrate (control), hairy vetch cover crop, hairy vetch cover crop and poultry manure compost (10 Mg/ha), three levels of poultry manure compost (5, 10, and 20 Mg/ha), and two levels of poultry manure (2.5 and 5 Mg/ha). Black polyethylene mulch was used in all treatments without hairy vetch. Fatty acid analysis was used to characterize the total soil microbial community structure, while two substrate utilization assays were used to investigate the community structure of culturable bacteria and fungi. Crop yield was not significantly increased by hairy vetch cover cropping when compared to black polyethylene mulch, although microbial community structure was significantly affected by cover cropping. Under black polyethylene mulch, crop yields were significantly increased by the highest levels of compost and manure when compared to inorganic fertilizer, but there was no detectable effect on soil microbial community structure. When cover cropping was compared to organic amended plasticulture systems, crop yields were similar one year but dissimilar the next. However, hairy vetch cover cropping and organic amendments under black plastic mulch produced significantly different soil microbial community structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SASL, Bldg 001 Room 140 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeffrey.buyer@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.08.003 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 227OR UT WOS:000250668000009 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE Griffey, CA Brooks, W Hicks, KB AF Sohn, Miryeong Himmelsbach, David S. Barton, Franklin E., II Griffey, Carl A. Brooks, Wynse Hicks, Kevin B. TI Near-infrared analysis of ground barley for use as a feedstock for fuel ethanol production SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS; dispersive spectroscopy; Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy; FT-NIR spectroscopy; barley; fuel ethanol; partial least squares; PLS regression ID SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSACCHARIDES AB The objective of this study was to explore the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy for determining the compositional quality properties of barley as a feedstock for fuel ethanol production and to compare the prediction accuracy between calibration models obtained using a Fourier transform near-infrared system (FT-NIR) and a dispersive near-infrared system. The total sample set contained 206 samples of three types of barley, hull-less, malt, and hulled varieties, which were grown at various locations in the eastern U.S. from 2002 to 2005 years. A new hull-less barley variety, Doyce, which was specially bred for potential use in ethanol production, was included in the sample set. One hundred and thirty-eight barley samples were used for calibration and sixty-eight were used for validation. Ground barley samples were scanned on both a FTNIR spectrometer (10000 to 4000 cm(-1) at 4 cm(-1) resolution) and a dispersive NIR spectrometer (400 to 2498 nm at 10 nm resolution), respectively. Six grain components, moisture, starch, P-glucan, protein, oil, and ash content, were analyzed as parameters of barley quality. Principal component analysis showed that barley samples could be classified by their types: hull-less, malt, and hulled. Partial least squares regression indicated that both FT-NIR and dispersive NIR spectroscopy have the potential to determine quality properties of barley with an acceptable accuracy, except for for beta- glucan content. There was no predictive advantage in using a high-resolution FT-NIR instrument over a dispersive system for most components of barley. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mirycong.sohn@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1178 EP 1183 DI 10.1366/000370207782597148 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 230PH UT WOS:000250887900008 PM 18028696 ER PT J AU Clingerman, J Bebak, J Mazik, PM Summerfelt, ST AF Clingerman, Jason Bebak, Julie Mazik, Patricia M. Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Use of avoidance response by rainbow trout to carbon dioxide for fish self-transfer between tanks SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; avoidance response; repellent; behavior; fish transfer; harvest; circular tank; pH control ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; SYSTEM; CO2; L.; RESPONSIVENESS AB Convenient, economical, and reduced labor fish harvest and transfer systems are required to realize operating cost savings that can be achieved with the use of much larger and deeper circular culture tanks. To achieve these goals, we developed a new technology for transferring fish based on their avoidance behavior to elevated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). We observed this behavioral response during controlled, replicated experiments that showed dissolved CO2 concentrations of 60-120 mg/L induced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to swim out of their 11 m(3) "growout" tank, through a transfer pipe carrying a flow with <= 23 mg/L dissolved CO2, into a second 11 m(3) "harvest" tank. The research was conducted using separate groups of rainbow trout held at commercially relevant densities (40-60 kg/m(3)). The average weight of fish ranged from 0.15 to 1.3 ka during the various trials. In all trials that used a constant flow of low CO2 water (<= 23 mg/L) entering the growout tank from the harvest tank, approximately 80-90% of the fish swam from the growout tank, through the transfer pipe, and into the harvest tank after the CO2 concentration in the growout tank had exceeded 60 mg/L. The fish that remained in the growout tank stayed within the area of relatively low CO, water at the entrance of the transfer pipe. However, the rate of fish transfer from the growout tank to the harvest tank was more than doubled when the diameter of the transfer pipe was increased from 203 to 406 mm. To consistently achieve fish transfer efficiencies of 99%, water flow rate through the fish transfer pipe had to be reduced to 10-20% of the original flow just before the conclusion of each trial. Reducing the flow of relatively low CO2 water near the end of each fish transfer event, restricted the zone of relatively low CO2 water about the entrance of the fish transfer pipe, and provided the stimulus for all but a few remaining fish to swim out of the growout tank. Results indicate that the CO2 avoidance technique can provide a convenient, efficient, more economical, and reduced labor approach for fish transfer, especially in applications using large and well mixed circular culture tanks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clingerman, Jason; Bebak, Julie; Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Summerfelt, ST (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 234 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.07.001 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 243YG UT WOS:000251832600005 ER PT J AU Thornby, D Spencer, D Hanan, J Sher, A AF Thornby, David Spencer, David Hanan, Jim Sher, Anna TI L-DONAX, a growth model of the invasive weed species, Arundo donax L. SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arundo donax; L-DONAX; giant reed; L-system; structural model; invasive species ID VIRTUAL PLANTS; MORPHOGENESIS; SYSTEM; ARCHITECTURE; DYNAMICS; MAIZE AB Arundo donax L. is a perennial reed and is an invasive weed of riparian systems in North America. A structural model (L-DONAX) of the species was constructed using L-system modelling in order to assist in understanding and demonstrating the complexities of the plant's development and structure. The model produces a realistic number of plant components from a single rhizome segment over the course of the first year of growth, using empirical relationships derived from outdoor experiments. Biomass production is also simulated, through the use of relationships found between aerial plant portion sizes and masses. L-DONAX demonstrates that control of A. donax clumps is likely to require more than annual biomass removal, due to the bulk of biomass being present underground, and the ability of remaining rhizome or stem segments to produce large clumps quickly. The model extrapolates to years of growth beyond the first, but is found to require some re-parameterisation to improve accuracy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Complex Syst, Adv Computat Modelling Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Denver Bot Gardens, Dept Res Herbaria & Records, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Thornby, D (reprint author), Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, POB 2282, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM david.thornby@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Hanan, Jim/A-3692-2010; OI Hanan, Jim/0000-0002-0358-8693; Sher, Anna/0000-0002-6433-9746 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.012 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 227OO UT WOS:000250667700003 ER PT J AU Munroe, JS Laabs, BJC Moser, KA Gurrieri, JT AF Munroe, Jeffrey S. Laabs, Benjamin J. C. Moser, Katrina A. Gurrieri, Joseph T. TI UINTAS 2006: the Uinta Interdisciplinary Assessment Symposium, Snowbird, Utah, May 2006 - Introduction SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Geol, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5B8, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Laabs, BJC (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Coll Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM jmunroe@middlebury.edu; laabs@geneseo.edu; kmoser@uwo.ca; jgurrieri@fs.fed.us OI Laabs, Benjamin/0000-0001-8825-2672 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(07-500)[MUNROE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 231PW UT WOS:000250962500001 ER PT J AU Shaw, JD Long, JN AF Shaw, John D. Long, James N. TI Forest ecology and biogeography of the uinta mountains, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uinta Interdisciplinary Assessment Symposium (UINTAS 2006) CY MAY, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID WIND RIVER MOUNTAINS; FUTURE CLIMATE; FIRE HISTORY; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; INVENTORY; REGION AB The Uinta Mountains form a crossroads of forests and woodlands in the central Rocky Mountains. Although no tree species is endemic to the area, all species characteristic of the central Rocky Mountains are found there, and the ranges of several other species terminate in the Uinta Mountains and the surrounding area. The peninsula-like shape, east-west orientation, and complex terrain of the range create a wide variety of potential forest sites that contrast with other ranges in the central Rockies. As a result, the Uinta Mountains are home to sites of unexpectedly high tree species diversity. Throughout most of the range, vegetation is organized in predictable zones that are characteristic of the Intermountain West; the range exhibits excellent vegetation zonation. However, across much of the northern slope several important species are absent, resulting in unexpectedly low diversity and "missing" vegetation zones. In this paper we provide an overview of the forest ecology and biogeography of the Uinta Mountains and update the local model for vegetation zonation. We also consider some possible explanations for the unexpected vegetation patterns and identify opportunities for future research. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Shaw, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM jdshaw@fs.fed.us; james.long@usu.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 614 EP 628 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-046)[SHAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 231PW UT WOS:000250962500011 ER PT J AU George, K Ziska, LH Bunce, JA Quebedeaux, B AF George, K. Ziska, L. H. Bunce, J. A. Quebedeaux, B. TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature across an urban-rural transect SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE microenvironment; climate change; urban ecology; heat island; long term ID HEAT-ISLAND; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEXICO-CITY; PHOENIX; ARIZONA; DOME; USA; URBANIZATION AB The heat island effect and the high use of fossil fuels in large city centers are well documented, but by how much fossil fuel consumption is elevating atmospheric CO2 concentrations and whether elevations in both atmospheric CO2 and air temperature from rural to urban areas are consistently different from year to year are less well known. Our aim was to record atmospheric CO2 concentrations, air temperature and other environmental variables in an urban area and compare it to suburban and rural sites to see if urban sites are experiencing climates expected globally in the future with climate change. A transect was established from Baltimore city center (Urban site), to the outer suburbs of Baltimore (suburban site) and out to an organic farm (rural site). At each site a weather station was set-up to monitor environmental variables for 5 years. Atmospheric CO2 was consistently and significantly increased on average by 66 ppm from the rural to the urban site over the 5 years of the study. Air temperature was also consistently and significantly higher at the urban site (14.8 degrees C) compared to the suburban (13.6 degrees C) and rural (12.7 degrees C) sites. Relative humidity was not different between sites whereas the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was significantly higher at the urban site compared to the suburban and rural sites. An increase in nitrogen deposition at the rural site of 0.6% and 1.0% compared to the suburban and urban sites was small enough not to affect soil nitrogen content. Dense urban areas with large populations and high vehicular traffic have significantly different microclimates compared to outlying suburban and rural, areas. The increases in atmospheric CO2 and air temperature are similar to changes predicted in the short term with global climate change, therefore providing an environment suitable for studying future effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [George, K.; Ziska, L. H.; Bunce, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [George, K.; Quebedeaux, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP George, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kate.george@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 52 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 35 BP 7654 EP 7665 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243WZ UT WOS:000251829300024 ER PT J AU Kothera, L Ward, SM Carney, SE AF Kothera, Linda Ward, Sarah M. Carney, Shanna E. TI Assessing the threat from hybridization to the rare endemic Physayia beffli Mulligan (Brassicaceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybridization; ISSR; morphology; naturally rare plants; physaria; polyploidy ID HABITAT DIFFERENTIATION; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; PLANT; ASTERACEAE; CONGENER; AMPLIFICATION; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION; COLORADO AB Hybridization of a rare endemic with a more common congener can endanger the rarer species through gene swamping. This study used a combination of genetic, morphological and cytological analyses to assess the threat to Bell's twinpod (Physaria bellii), a rare endemic restricted to the Colorado Front Range, from hybridization with its more widespread congener Physaria vitulifera. Two populations of P. bellii at the southernmost end of its range were suspected of containing hybrid plants, based on field observations of intermediate leaf morphology. inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis confirmed that suspect individuals contained alleles from both P. bellii and P. vitulifera, with most hybrids genetically closer to P. vitulifera. Morphological data from leaf measurements showed hybrids to be intermediate for several characters, with the exception of the leaf sinus trait that was statistically closer to P. vitulifera. The morphometric data supported the genetic data with Canonical Discriminant Analyses of both data sets showing similar patterns. The extent of the threat to P. bellii populations from hybridization with the more common P. vitulifera was assessed through cytological analysis of existing populations and through field and greenhouse crosses. While naturally occurring hybrids are tetraploid, diploid P. vitulifera populations do not occur close enough to the current range of diploid P. bellii to permit gene flow. Interspecific crosses yielded fewer normal seeds than intraspecific crosses, regardless of the ploidy levels of the parents. it does not appear that P. bellii is currently threatened by hybridization with P. vitulifera, and efforts to conserve this globally imperiled species should focus on the threat from potential habitat loss rather than from gene swamping. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Kothera, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM LKothera@cdc.gov; sarah.ward@ColoState.edu; Shanna.Henk@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.028 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230VA UT WOS:000250903000012 ER PT J AU Hoelmer, KA AF Hoelmer, K. A. TI Field cage evaluation of introduced Eretmocerus species (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) against Bemisia tabaci strain B (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE bemisia tabaci biotype B; eretmocerus eremicus; eretmocerus mundus; eretmocerus hayati; eretmocerus emiratus; parasitism; classical biological control ID EXOTIC PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOTYPE-B; COTTON; GENNADIUS; MELON AB Field-cage evaluations of introduced non-indigenous parasitoids in the genus Eretmocerus were conducted on cantaloupe during 1997 in the Imperial Valley, California, to identify effective new species or geographic populations for introduction and establishment against Bermisia tabaci strain B on cantaloupe and other impacted crops. Cantaloupe is a key host crop of B. tabaci biotype B in southwestern desert valleys in the U.S.A. in which increased natural enemy activity was seen as essential. Evaluations compared geographic populations of Eretmocerus mundus from Spain, India and Israel, E. hayati from Pakistan, E. emiratus from the United Arab Emirates, and E. sp. near emiratus from Ethiopia with the indigenous species E. eremicus. The best-performing species included E. emiratus and E. sp. near emiratus from the United Arab Emirates and Ethiopia with more than 66 mean progeny per female, followed by the Israeli and Spanish populations of E. mundus, with 55 and 51 mean progeny, respectively. The best-performing species originated in regions with very similar climates to the Imperial Valley. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM khoelmer@Udel.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.010 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 229OF UT WOS:000250813100002 ER PT J AU Tondje, PR Roberts, DP Bon, MC Widmer, T Samuels, GJ Ismaiel, A Begoude, AD Tchana, T Nyemb-Tshomb, E Ndoumbe-Nkeng, M Bateman, R Fontem, D Hebbar, KP AF Tondje, P. R. Roberts, D. P. Bon, M. C. Widmer, T. Samuels, G. J. Ismaiel, A. Begoude, A. D. Tchana, T. Nyemb-Tshomb, E. Ndoumbe-Nkeng, M. Bateman, R. Fontem, D. Hebbar, K. P. TI Isolation and identification of mycoparasitic isolates of Trichoderma asperellum with potential for suppression of black pod disease of cacao in Cameroon SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE black pod; cacao; mycoparasite; Phytophthora megakarya; theobroma cacao; Trichoderma asperellum ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; THEOBROMA-CACAO; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGAKARYA; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; FIELD-RESISTANCE; CROWN ROT; COCOA; FUNGI; L.; PATHOGENS AB Alternative measures to chemical fungicides are needed to control Phytophthora megakarya, the main causal agent of black pod disease in Central and West Africa. Precolonized plate and detached cacao pod assays were used to screen fungal isolates for mycoparasitism on P. megakarya. Of over 200 isolates screened, only Trichoderma asperellum isolates 659-7, PR10, PR11, and PR12 were capable of necrotrophic mycoparasitism in both assays. Additional in vitro mycoparasitism assays demonstrated that T. asperellum 659-7, PR10, PR 11, and PR 12 were mycoparasitic on Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora citrophthora, and Phytophthora palmivora; other causal agents of black pod worldwide. Culture filtrates from these T. asperellum isolates contained substantial laminarinase activity and lesser amounts of caboxymethylcellulase activity which could function in degrading cell walls of Phytophthora during mycoparasitism. Sequence analysis of the gene for translation elongation factor 1 (tef1) confirmed the identification of these isolates as T. asperellum. Molecular fingerprinting using RAPD and UP-PCR demonstrated high genetic similarity between isolates 659-7, PR11, and PR12 and high dissimilarity between PR10 and the other three isolates. Cacao trees sprayed with T. asperellum 659-7, PRIG PR11, or PR12 had a significantly lower percentage of diseased pods than the nontreated control in both short-term and long-term field screening experiments, but not lower than that for the chemical fungicide control treatment. Data presented here demonstrate for the first time the potential of mycoparasitic isolates of T. asperellum for suppression of black pod of cacao in Cameroon., (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, MARS Inc, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. IRAD, Reg Biol Control & Appl Microbiol Lab, Yaounde, Cameroon. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, EBCL, F-34980 Montferrier Le Lez, France. USDA ARS, Syst & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Int Pesticide Appl Res Ctr, Ascot, Berks, England. Univ Dschung, Dschang, Cameroon. RP Hebbar, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS, MARS Inc, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Room 328,Bldg 011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM prakash.hebbar@effem.com NR 58 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.004 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 229OF UT WOS:000250813100007 ER PT J AU Hudgeons, JL Knutson, AE Heinz, KM DeLoach, CJ Dudley, TL Pattison, RR Kiniry, JR AF Hudgeons, Jeremy L. Knutson, Allen E. Heinz, Kevin M. DeLoach, C. Jack Dudley, Tom L. Pattison, Robert R. Kiniry, Jim R. TI Defoliation by introduced Diorhabda elongata leaf beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) reduces carbohydrate reserves and regrowth of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE diorhabda elongata; biological control weeds; tamarix; saltcedar; defoliation; carbohydrate reserves; nonstructural carbohydrates ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; HONEY MESQUITE; SUGAR MAPLE; SPP.; GROWTH; STORAGE; PLANTS AB Diorhabda elongata (Brulle) sensu lato leaf beetles have been released in the United States for the classical biological control of invasive Tamarix L. species, which are exotic trees that are causing deterioration of riparian ecosystems in western North America. The impact of D. elongata defoliation on Tamarix nonstructural carbohydrates (NCHOs) was measured in both manipulative field cage, and non-manipulative natural experiments. Additionally, spring above-ground growth was measured following beetle defoliation in manipulative field cage experiments in Texas. There was no significant difference in the proportional change in NCHOs between beetle-damaged and undamaged control-treatment trees in the manipulative field cage experiment. However, spring above-ground regrowth was reduced by 35% on trees which experienced beetle defoliation the previous fall. In the natural experiment, root crown tissue was sampled in 2005 and 2006 from stands near Lovelock, Nevada in which trees had experienced 0-4 years of beetle defoliation. In 2005, mean NCHO concentrations were statistically different between tree stands and ranged from 9.0 +/- 0.8% (mean SE) in trees that had not been defoliated to 3.2 +/- 0.4%, 2.1 +/- 0.4% and 2.3 +/- 0.4% in trees in stands that had been defoliated for 1, 2 and 3 successive years, respectively. In 2006, NCHO concentrations were again statistically different between stands and ranged from 13.6 +/- 0.9% in trees that had not been defoliated to 7.6 +/- 0.8%, 2.3 +/- 0.4%, 1.5 +/- 0.3% and 1.7 +/- 0.4% in trees in stands that had been defoliated for 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. These results indicate that D. elongata herbivory reduces nonstructural carbohydrates and inhibits regrowth which may lead to reduced survival and reproduction of Tamarix. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resource Inst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Hudgeons, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM jhudgeons@tamu.edu NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.012 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 229OF UT WOS:000250813100008 ER PT J AU Ross, KG Krieger, MJB Keller, L Shoemaker, DD AF Ross, Kenneth G. Krieger, Michael J. B. Keller, Laurent Shoemaker, D. Dewayne TI Genetic variation and structure in native populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: evolutionary and demographic implications SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; colonization; dispersal; gene flow; microsatellites; migration; mtDNA; population differentiation; range expansion ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SOUTH-AMERICAN RANGE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; MIGRATION RATES AB We studied population genetic variation and structure in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta using nuclear genotypic and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data obtained from samples collected throughout its native range. Geographic populations are strongly differentiated at both genomes, with such structure more pronounced in Brazil than in Argentina. Higher-level regional structure is evident from the occurrence of isolation-by-distance patterns among populations, the recognition of clusters of genetically similar, geographically adjacent populations by ordination analysis, and the detection of an mtDNA discontinuity between Argentina and Brazil coinciding with a previously identified landform of biogeographical relevance. Multiple lines of evidence from both genomes suggest that the ancestors of the ants we studied resembled extant northern Argentine S. invicta, and that existing Brazilian populations were established more recently by serial long-distance colonizations and/or range expansions. The most compelling evidence for this is the corresponding increase in F-K (a measure of divergence from a hypothetical ancestor) and decrease in genetic diversity with distance from the Corrientes population in northern Argentina. Relatively deep sequence divergence among several mtDNA clades, coupled with geographical partitioning of many of them, suggests prolonged occupation of South America by S. invicta in more-or-less isolated regional populations. Such populations appear, in some cases, to have come into secondary contact without regaining the capacity to freely interbreed. We conclude that nominal S. invicta in its native range comprises multiple entities that are sufficiently genetically isolated and diverged to have embarked on independent evolutionary paths. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Ross, KG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kenross@uga.edu OI keller, laurent/0000-0002-5046-9953 NR 95 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 541 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00853.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 221TS UT WOS:000250250800012 ER PT J AU Elder, T AF Elder, Thomas TI Quantum chemical determination of young's modulus of lignin. Calculations on a beta-O-4' model compound SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID REGENERATED CELLULOSE FIBERS; AB-INITIO; DEFORMATION; CHEMISTRY; STATE; WOOD; WALL AB The calculation of Young's modulus of lignin has been examined by subjecting a dimeric model compound to strain, coupled with the determination of energy and stress. The computational results, derived from quantum chemical calculations, are in agreement with available experimental results. Changes in geometry indicate that modifications in dihedral angles occur in response to linear strain. At larger levels of strain, bond rupture is evidenced by abrupt changes in energy, structure, and charge. Based on the current calculations, the bond scission may be occurring through a homolytic reaction between aliphatic carbon atoms. These results may have implications in the reactivity of lignin especially when subjected to processing methods that place large mechanical forces on the structure. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Res Forest Prod Technol, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Elder, T (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Res Forest Prod Technol, SO Res Stat, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM telder@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV PY 2007 VL 8 IS 11 BP 3619 EP 3627 DI 10.1021/bm700663y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 231PA UT WOS:000250960300044 PM 17927244 ER PT J AU Shogren, R AF Shogren, Randal TI Effect of orientation on the physical properties of potato amylose and high-amylose corn starch films SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS; FIBERS; POLYMERS AB The effect of orientation on the properties of amylose and starch films was studied in order to determine if film strength, flexibility, and water resistance could be improved. Potato amylose and high (70%) amylose corn starch were peracetylated, cast into films, stretched in hot glycerol 1-6 times the original length, and deacetylated. Molecular orientation of potato amylose films was much higher than for high-amylose corn starch films as determined by optical birefringence. For potato amylose films, orientation resulted in large increases in tensile strength and elongation but little change in modulus. For high-amylose corn starch films, tensile strength and modulus did not change with draw ratio but elongation to break increased from about 8% to 27% as draw ratio increased from I to 5. Scanning electron micrographs revealed many small crazes in the drawn starch films, suggesting that the improved film toughness was due to energy dissipation during deformation of the crazes. Annealing of drawn films at 100% humidity resulted in partial crystallization and improved wet strength. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Randy.Shogren@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV PY 2007 VL 8 IS 11 BP 3641 EP 3645 DI 10.1021/bm7008153 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 231PA UT WOS:000250960300047 PM 17915917 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG Coleman, M Garten, CT Luxmoore, RJ Stanturf, JA Trettin, C Wullschleger, SD AF Sanchez, Felipe G. Coleman, Mark Garten, Charles T., Jr. Luxmoore, Robert J. Stanturf, John A. Trettin, Carl Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Soil carbon, after 3 years, under short-rotation woody crops grown under varying nutrient and water availability SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE short-rotation woody crops; soil carbon; stabilized carbon; irrigation; fertilization ID ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTATIONS; COMPACTION AB Soil carbon contents were measured on a short-rotation woody crop study located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site outside Aiken, SC. This study included fertilization and irrigation treatments on five tree genotypes (sweetgum, loblolly pine, sycamore and two eastern cottonwood clones). Prior to study installation, the previous pine stand was harvested and the remaining slash and stumps were pulverized and incorporated 30cm into the soil. One year after harvest soil carbon levels were consistent with pre-harvest levels but dropped in the third year below pre-harvest levels. Tillage increased soil carbon contents, after three years, as compared with adjacent plots that were not part of the study but where harvested, but not tilled, at the same time. When the soil response to the individual treatments for each genotype was examined, one cottonwood clone (ST66), when irrigated and fertilized, had higher total soil carbon and mineral associated carbon in the upper 30 cm compared with the other tree genotypes. This suggests that root development in ST66 may have been stimulated by the irrigation plus fertilization treatment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Savannah River Inst, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, S Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Wetland Res, S Res Stn, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Sanchez, FG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornvallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us; mcoleman01@fs.fed.us; gartenctjr@ornl.gov; luxmoorerj@ornl.gov; jstanturf@fs.fed.us; ctrettin@fs.fed.us; wullschlegsd@ornl.gov RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 237FI UT WOS:000251359200005 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Butanol production from wheat straw hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH); Clostridium beijerinckii; butanol or ABE; productivity; yield ID ABE FERMENTATION; ETHANOL ABE; ACETONE; ACETOBUTYLICUM; BA101; PERVAPORATION; INHIBITION; RECOVERY; PERSTRACTION; REDUCTION AB In these studies, butanol (acetone butanol ethanol or ABE) was produced from wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) in batch cultures using Clostridium beijerinckii P260. In control fermentation 48.9 g L-1 glucose (initial sugar 62.0 g L-1) was used to produce 20.1 g L-1 ABE with a productivity and yield of 0.28 g L(-1)h(-1) stop and 0.41, respectively. In a similar experiment where WSH (60.2 g L-1 total sugars obtained from hydrolysis of 86 g L-1 wheat straw) was used, the culture produced 25.0 g L-1 ABE with a productivity and yield of 0.60 g L(-1)h(-1) and 0.42, respectively. These results are superior to the control experiment and productivity was improved by 214%. When WSH was supplemented with 35 g L-1 glucose, a reactor productivity was improved to 0.63 g L(-1)h(-1) with a yield of 0.42. In this case, ABE concentration in the broth was 28.2 g L-1. When WSH was supplemented with 60 g L-1 glucose, the resultant medium containing 128.3 g L-1 sugars was successfully fermented (due to product removal) to produce 47.6 g L(-1)p ABE, and the culture utilized all the sugars (glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose). These results demonstrate that C. beijerinckii P260 has excellent capacity to convert biomass derived sugars to solvents and can produce over 28 g L-1 (in one case 41.7 g L-1 from glucose) ABE from WSH. Medium containing 250 g L-1 glucose resulted in no growth and no ABE production. Mixtures containing WSH + 140 g L-1 glucose (total sugar approximately 200 g L-1) showed poor growth and poor ABE production. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 29 TC 145 Z9 160 U1 5 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s00449-007-0137-9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 221CL UT WOS:000250204900004 PM 17609986 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Flores, RA Mazenko, CE AF Garcia, R. A. Flores, R. A. Mazenko, C. E. TI Factors contributing to the poor bulk behavior of meat and bone meal and methods for improving these behaviors SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE meat and bone meal; powder; cohesivity; granular material; Hausner ratio; aspirator; anti-caking agent; dust; bulk density; caking ID FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; FOOD POWDERS; SOYBEAN OIL; FLOWABILITY; STICKINESS; MECHANISM; GRANULES; CAKING; FORCE; RATIO AB Meat and bone meal (MBM), a product of the rendering industry, is a potential feedstock for numerous bio-based applications. Design of processing equipment for MBM is difficult due to MBM's bulk behaviors; it flows less easily than many other granular materials, and it tends to foul the surfaces of processing equipment. This study examines the major factors contributing to MBM's poor bulk behavior, including moisture content, fat content, particle size distribution and temperature, and the relative importance of these factors. Potential methods for improving MBM's bulk properties, including use of an anti-caking agent, dehydration, fat extraction, milling and refrigeration are also studied. The effects of these factors were determined by a standard laboratory measurement, the Hausner ratio, as well as by the rate of surface-fouling and dust generation using a pilot-scale aspirator. In contrast to past studies with other granular materials, moisture content was shown to have an insignificant effect on MBM's bulk behavior. The results, however, show that MBM fat content is a major determinant of the bulk behavior of the MBM. Reduction of fat content resulted in major changes in MBM's bulk behavior, by all measures used. Less dramatic changes were achieved through refrigeration to solidify the fat and/or treatment with an anti-caking agent. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rafael.Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 BP 2852 EP 2858 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.053 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 186DK UT WOS:000247759100011 PM 17118650 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Baird, LM Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB AF Sarath, Gautam Baird, Lisa M. Vogel, Kenneth P. Mitchell, Robert B. TI Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L) SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; biomass; cell-wall composition; GCMS; HPLC; Panicum virgatum; switchgrass; soluble and wall-bound phenolics ID MAIZE STEM TISSUES; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; FORAGE QUALITY; BIOMASS YIELD; BIG BLUESTEM; LIGNIN; LIGNIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; IMPACT AB This work examined cell composition gradients in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with the aim of developing baseline information on this important forage and biomass crop. Flowering tillers were collected from plants raised from seeds in a greenhouse and field. harvested at soil level and separated into internodes beginning with the node subtending the peduncle. Internodes were analyzed using microscopy, by fiber digestion, high-performance liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain anatomical and compositional data. Microscopy demonstrated the development and maturation of cortical fibers which eventually became confluent with the fiber sheath surrounding vascular bundles in the lower internodes. Detergent fiber analysis indicated increasing cellulose and lignin contents and decreases in cell solubles and hemicelluloses with increasing distance of the internodes from the top of the plant. Soluble phenolics were greatest in amounts and complexity in top internodes. The lower internodes contained greater levels of wall-bound phenolic acids, principally as 4-coumarate and ferulate. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, 344A Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gsarath1@unl.edu NR 40 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 98 IS 16 BP 2985 EP 2992 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.020 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 186DL UT WOS:000247759200003 PM 17156999 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Scott, CT Gleisner, R Mann, D Dykstra, DP Quinn, GH Edwards, LL AF Zhu, J. Y. Scott, C. Tim Gleisner, Roland Mann, Doreen Dykstra, D. P. Quinn, G. Holton Edwards, Louis L. TI MILL DEMONSTRATION OF TMP PRODUCTION FROM FOREST THINNINGS: PULP QUALITY, REFINING ENERGY, AND HANDSHEET PROPERTIES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Forest thinning; Small diameter trees; Suppressed growth trees; Thermomechanical pulp (TMP); Forest fire; Whole log; Saw mill residues; Pulp quality measurement; Sheet properties ID SOFTWOODS AB High-value, large-volume utilization of forest thinning materials from U. S. National Forests is a potentially important contributor to sustainable forest health. This study demonstrated the utilization of wood chips produced from thinnings for the production of thermomechanical pulp (TMP). Both whole-log chips (primarily from small-diameter logs, tops, and reject logs) and sawmill "residue" chips from a Hewsaw (TM) system (Mantyharju, Finland) were evaluated. The residue chips produced in this study were substituted for a TMP mill's standard residue chips up to about 50%. The whole-log chips were substituted for the mill's whole-log chips up to about 30%. The results show that substitution of chips produced from forest thinnings reduced refining energy in all trials. Pulp quality was maintained throughout all trials. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Scott, C. Tim; Gleisner, Roland; Mann, Doreen] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Dykstra, D. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Quinn, G. Holton; Edwards, Louis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jyzhu@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD NOV PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 544 EP 559 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YH UT WOS:000263689700003 ER PT J AU Chrysayi-Tokousbalides, M Machera, K Kyriakopoulou, K Aliferis, KA Schrader, KK Tsoutsanis, I Anastasiadou, P AF Chrysayi-Tokousbalides, M. Machera, K. Kyriakopoulou, K. Aliferis, K. A. Schrader, K. K. Tsoutsanis, I. Anastasiadou, P. TI Comparative toxicity of the phytotoxins (8R,16R)-(-)-Pyrenophorin and (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-Pyrenophorol on aquatic organisms SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytotoxin selectivity; aquatic organisms ID OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; DRECHSLERA-GIGANTEA; SELECTIVE TOXICITY; HERBICIDES; PERORNATA; GROWTH; MODE AB The acute toxicities of the fungal phytotoxins (8R,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorin and (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorol on Vibrio fischeri, Oscillatoria perornata, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Lemna minor and Artemia fransiscana were evaluated. (8R,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorin was more toxic than (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorol to V. fischeri, O. perornata, L. minor and A. fransiscana. The highest acute toxicity of (8R,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorin was exhibited on V. fischeri (5 min median effective concentration of 3.57 M 10(-5)) whereas the corresponding value for (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorol was 801 M 10(-5). P. subcapitata exhibited a lack of sensitivity (median inhibitory concentration of >10 M 10(-5)) to both phytotoxins. C1 Agr Univ Athens, Pesticide Sci Lab, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. Benaki Phytopathol Inst, Pesticide Toxicol Lab, GR-14561 Athens, Greece. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Chrysayi-Tokousbalides, M (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Pesticide Sci Lab, 75 Iera Odos, GR-11855 Athens, Greece. EM mchrys@aua.gr NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9223-6 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 234DU UT WOS:000251141700004 PM 17898918 ER PT J AU Smith, S Lizotte, RE AF Smith, S., Jr. Lizotte, R. E., Jr. TI Influence of selected water quality characteristics on the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin to Hyalella azteca SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lambda-cyhalothrin; gamma-cyhalothrin; toxicity; phytoplankton ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; BIOAVAILABILITY; PESTICIDES AB This study was conducted to assess the influence of suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon, and phytoplankton (as chlorophyll a) water quality characteristics on lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin aqueous toxicity to Hyalella azteca using natural water from 12 ponds and lakes in Mississippi, USA with varying water quality characteristics. H. azteca 48-h immobilization EC50 values ranged from 1.4 to 15.7 ng/L and 0.6 to 13.4 ng/L for lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin, respectively. For both pyrethroids, EC50 values linearly increased as turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon and chlorophyll a concentrations increased. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, 598 McElroy Dr,PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ssmith@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9253-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 234DU UT WOS:000251141700014 PM 17676253 ER PT J AU Weaver, CM McCabe, LD McCabe, GP Novotny, R Van Loan, M Going, S Matkovic, V Boushey, C Savaiano, DA AF Weaver, C. M. McCabe, L. D. McCabe, G. P. Novotny, R. Van Loan, M. Going, S. Matkovic, V. Boushey, C. Savaiano, D. A. CA ACT Research Team TI Bone mineral and predictors of bone mass in white, hispanic, and asian early pubertal girls SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone; puberty; girls; race; ethnicity; anthropometry ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CALCIUM INTAKE; CHILDREN; DENSITY; BLACK; YOUTH; RACE; QUESTIONNAIRE; ADOLESCENTS AB Differences in bone among racial/ethnic groups may be explained by differences in body size and shape. Previous studies have not completely explained differences among white, Asian, and Hispanic groups during growth. To determine racial/ethnic differences and predictors of bone mass in early pubertal girls, we measured bone mineral content (BMC) in white, Hispanic, and Asian sixth-grade girls across six states in the United States. We developed models for predicting BMC for the total-body, distal radius, total-hip, and lumbar spine for 748 subjects. For each of the bone sites, the corresponding area from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was a strong predictor of BMC, with correlations ranging 0.78-0.98, confirming that larger subjects have more BMC. Anthropometric measures of bone area were nearly as effective as bone area from DXA at predicting BMC. For total-body, distal radius, lumbar spine, and total-hip BMC, racial/ethnic differences were explained by differences in bone area, sexual maturity, physical activity, and dairy calcium intake. Bone size explained most of the racial/ethnic differences in BMC, although behavioral indicators were also significant predictors of BMC. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ohio State Univ, Bone & Mineral Metab Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Weaver, CM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, 700 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM weavercm@purdue.edu OI Savaiano, Dennis/0000-0001-8872-6276 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 5 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s00223-007-9074-5 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 229EC UT WOS:000250784800003 PM 17989943 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Patterson, PL AF Westfall, James A. Patterson, Paul L. TI Measurement variability error for estimates of volume change SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH PROJECTION SYSTEM; INVENTORY; VARIANCE; MODEL AB Using quality assurance data, measurement variability distributions were developed for attributes that affect tree volume prediction. Random deviations from the measurement variability distributions were applied to 19 381 remeasured sample trees in Maine. The additional error due to measurement variation and measurement bias was estimated via a simulation study for various components of volume change. In comparison with sampling error, the error due to measurement variation was relatively small. When biases in measurements had contradictory effects on the calculation of individual tree volume, there was little additional error, however, systematic biases produced substantial error increases. The proportion of measurement variation error attributable to diameter at breast height and tree species classification was small relative to that attributable to bole (merchantable) height and percent cull attributes, which composed the preponderance of uncertainty due to measurement variation. The greatest impacts were associated with the accretion component, which was subject to measurement variation and bias at both the initial and subsequent measurements. C1 [Westfall, James A.] USDA, Forest Serv No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Patterson, Paul L.] USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv No Res Stn, Suite 200,11 Campus Blvd, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2201 EP 2210 DI 10.1139/X07-082 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400013 ER PT J AU Jordan, L Schimleck, LR Clark, A Hall, DB Daniels, RF AF Jordan, Lewis Schimleck, Laurence R. Clark, Alexander, III Hall, Daniel B. Daniels, Richard F. TI Estimating optimum sampling size to determine weighted core specific gravity of planted loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Data from a variability study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) based on weighted core specific gravity (WCSG) were examined to show how costs and variance estimates are used in designing efficient sampling strategies. Increment cores for the determination of WCSG were taken from 3957 trees across six distinct physiographic regions in the southeastern United States. More variability was found to exist among stands than within stands. This indicates that reducing the variation of the mean of WCSG can be accomplished by sampling more stands and fewer trees in the region of interest. The number of stands and trees to sample is dictated by the maximum allowable cost and the precision required of the sample mean, and formulas are given for such calculations. The estimate of among-stand variability was found to be similar among the regions of interest, whereas larger within-stand variation was found to exist in the South Atlantic and Hilly regions. The standard error of the mean was found to increase with an increase in the age at which the stand was sampled. When sampling across multiple stands (at any age), little if any gain in the precision of the standard error of the mean is gained by sampling more than 15 trees. In the general case where one is interested only in the value of WCSG in one stand and precision or cost-tirne factors are not of consideration, it would suffice to sample between 45 and 55 trees at any age. C1 [Jordan, Lewis; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Natt Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hall, Daniel B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jordan, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Natt Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lcj6444@warnell.uga.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2242 EP 2249 DI 10.1139/X07-085 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400016 ER PT J AU Bevers, M AF Bevers, Michael TI A chance constraint estimation approach to optimizing resource management under uncertainty SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMING-MODEL; OPTIMAL HARVEST; FOREST; OPTIMIZATION; TIMBER; SELECTION; FIRE AB Chance-constrained optimization is an important method for managing risk arising from random variations in natural resource systems, but the probabilistic formulations often pose mathematical programming problems that cannot be solved with exact methods. A heuristic estimation method for these problems is presented that combines a formulation for order statistic observations with the sample average approximation method as a substitute for chance constraints. The estimation method was tested on two problems, a small fire organization budgeting problem for which exact solutions are known and a much larger and more difficult habitat restoration problem for which exact solutions are unknown. The method performed well on both problems, quickly finding the correct solutions to the fire budgeting problem and repeatedly finding identical solutions to the habitat restoration problem. C1 [Bevers, Michael] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bevers, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mbevers@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2270 EP 2280 DI 10.1139/X07-076 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400019 ER PT J AU Sabor, AA Radeloff, VC McRoberts, RE Clayton, M Stewart, SI AF Sabor, Alexia A. Radeloff, Volker C. McRoberts, Ronald E. Clayton, Murray Stewart, Susan I. TI Adding uncertainty to forest inventory plot locations: effects on analyses using geospatial data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATTERNS; PRIVACY AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service alters plot locations before releasing data to the public to ensure landowner confidentiality and sample integrity, but using data with altered plot locations in conjunction with other spatially explicit data layers produces analytical results with unknown amounts of error. We calculated the potential error from using altered location data in combination with other data layers that varied in mean map unit size. The incidence of errors associated with the use of altered plot locations exhibited a strong inverse relationship to the mean map unit size of the other data sets used in the analyses. For a 30 in x 30 in resolution land cover map, plot misclassification rates ranged from 32% to 66%, whereas only 1%-10% of plots were misclassified for ecological subsection data (mean polygon size 9067 km 2). Housing density data derived from the US Decennial Census (mean polygon size = 5.7 km(2)) represented an intermediate condition, with 5%-70% of data points misclassified when altered plot locations were used. These analyses demonstrate the impacts of altering FIA plot locations and represent an important step toward making the FIA database more helpful to a broad variety of end users. C1 [Sabor, Alexia A.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clayton, Murray] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sabor, AA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM aasabor@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2313 EP 2325 DI 10.1139/X07-067 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400022 ER PT J AU Nonaka, E Spies, TA Wimberly, MC Ohmann, JL AF Nonaka, Etsuko Spies, Thomas A. Wimberly, Michael C. Ohmann, Janet L. TI Historical range of variability in live and dead wood biomass: a regional-scale simulation study SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA FOREST; COASTAL PICEA-SITCHENSIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATURAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL SIMULATION; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS AB The historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and composition created by natural disturbance can serve as a general guide for evaluating ecological conditions of managed landscapes. HRV approaches to evaluating landscapes have been based on age-classes or developmental stages, which may obscure variation in live and dead stand structure. Developing the HRV of stand structural characteristics would improve the ecological resolution of this coarse-filter approach to ecosystem assessment. We investigated HRV in live and dead wood biomass in the regional landscape of the Oregon Coast Range by integrating stand-level biomass models and a spatially explicit fire simulation model. We simulated historical landscapes of the region for 1000 years under pre-Euro-American settlement fire regimes and calculated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The simulation showed that live and dead wood biomass historically varied widely in time and space. The majority of the forests historically contained 500-700 Mg.ha(-1) (50-70 kg.m(-2)) of live wood and 50-200 Mg.ha(-1) (5-20 kg.m(-2)) of dead wood. The current distributions are more concentrated in much smaller amounts for both biomass types. Although restoring the HRV of forest structure is not necessarily a management goal for most landowners and managing agencies, departure from the reference condition can provide relative measure to evaluate habitat conditions for managers seeking to use forest structure as a means to maintain or restore ecosystem and species diversity. C1 [Nonaka, Etsuko] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.; Ohmann, Janet L.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Nonaka, E (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter Hall,MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM enonaka@unm.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 65 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2349 EP 2364 DI 10.1139/X07-064 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400025 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Asmundsson, I Hoberg, EP Appleyard, GD Jenkins, EJ Beckmen, K Branigan, M Butler, L Chilton, NB Cooley, D Elkin, B Huby-Chilton, F Johnson, D Kuchboev, A Nagy, J Oakley, M Polley, L Popko, R Scheer, A Simard, M Veitch, A AF Kutz, Susan J. Asmundsson, Ingrid Hoberg, Eric P. Appleyard, Greg D. Jenkins, Emily J. Beckmen, Kimberlee Branigan, Marsha Butler, Lem Chilton, Neil B. Cooley, Dorothy Elkin, Brett Huby-Chilton, Florence Johnson, Deborah Kuchboev, Abdurakhim Nagy, John Oakley, Michelle Polley, Lydden Popko, Richard Scheer, Aedes Simard, Marlon Veitch, Alasdair TI Serendipitous discovery of a novel protostrongylid (Nematoda : Metastrongyloidea) in caribou, muskoxen, and moose from high latitudes of North America based on DNA sequence comparisons SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI NEMATODA; RANGIFER-TARANDUS-CARIBOU; SHEEP OVIS-DALLI; TAILED DEER; ELAPHOSTRONGYLINAE NEMATODA; PNEUMOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; LARVAE; PARASITES; CERVIDS AB Fecal samples are often the only feasible means to assess diversity of parasites in wildlife; however, definitive identification of egg or larval stages in feces by morphology is rarely possible. We determined partial sequences from the second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA for first-stage, dorsal-spined larvae (DSL) in feces from caribou (Rang fer tarandus tarandus (L., 1758), Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788), Rangifer tarandus grantii (Allen, 1902)), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780), Ovibos moschatus wardi Lydekker, 1900), moose (Alces alces gigas Miller, 1899 and Alces alces andersoni Peterson, 1952), and from the tissue of one slug (Deroceras laeve (Muller, 1774)) in Arctic-Subarctic North America. A previously uncharacterized, genetically distinct species was recognized based on sequences of 37 DSL from 19 ungulate hosts and the slug. Sequence similarity among individuals of this novel species was 91%-100%. For many individual DSL, paralogues of ITS-2 were detected. ITS-2 sequences from the novel species were 72%-77% similar to those of Varestrongylus alpenae (Dikmans, 1935) and 51%-61% similar to those of other protostrongylids known in North American and some Eurasian ungulates. Results indicate a discrete lineage of an undescribed protostrongylid infecting muskoxen, caribou, and moose from Alaska to Labrador. Sympatric infections with Parelaphostrongylus andersoni Prestwood, 1972 were found in three caribou herds. C1 [Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Med Vet, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Asmundsson, Ingrid; Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Appleyard, Greg D.] Alberta Prov Lab Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4W4, Canada. [Jenkins, Emily J.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Beckmen, Kimberlee] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Branigan, Marsha; Nagy, John] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada. [Butler, Lem] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Salmon, AK 99613 USA. [Chilton, Neil B.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Cooley, Dorothy] Govt Yukon, Dept Nat Resources, Dawson City, YT Y0B 1G0, Canada. [Elkin, Brett] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada. [Huby-Chilton, Florence] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Foodborne & Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R3, Canada. [Johnson, Deborah] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Smith, NT X0E 0P0, Canada. [Kuchboev, Abdurakhim] Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Tashkent 700135, Uzbekistan. [Oakley, Michelle] Govt Yukon, Dept Nat Resources, Haines Junction, NT Y0B 1L0, Canada. [Polley, Lydden] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Popko, Richard; Veitch, Alasdair] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Norman Wells, NT X0E 0V0, Canada. [Simard, Marlon] Makivik Corp, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med Vet, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM skutz@ucalgary.ca NR 44 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1143 EP 1156 DI 10.1139/Z07-091 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 257AX UT WOS:000252772700005 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Structure and physicochemical properties of starches from sieve fractions of oat flour compared with whole and pin-milled flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; PARTICLE-SIZE; WHEAT STARCHES; MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; WAXY; GELATINIZATION; GRANULES; QUALITY AB One oat cultivar grown in Idaho (three field sites) was pin-milled and separated by sieving to investigate whether starch from oat bran differs from the remainder of kernel. Ground oat particles were classified into three sieve fractions: 300-850 mu m, 150-300 mu m and < 150 mu m). beta-Glucan content in sieve fractions was analyzed and starch was extracted from kernels without milling and from kernels of each sieve fraction. (beta-Glucan contents of 300-850, 150-300, and < 150 mu m sieve fractions were 4.2, 2.3, and 0.8%, respectively. Therefore, starch in bran (300-850 mu m sieve fraction) and endosperm (< 150 mu m sieve fraction) were separated. Starch isolated from entire kernels had significantly higher apparent and absolute amylose content than starch from the 300-850 mu m sieve fraction. Starch from different sieve fractions was not significantly different in the apparent amylose, absolute amylose, amylopectin molecular weight, gyration radii, starch gelatinization, and amylose-lipid complex thermal transition temperatures. Starch from the 150-300 mu m sieve fraction had significantly lower peak, final, and setback viscosity compared with the starch isolated from the 300-850 mu m and < 150 mu m sieve fractions. Starch removed from the oat bran fraction during beta-glucan enrichment may have different applications compared with starch obtained from other kernel compartments. Because pin-milling decreased apparent amylose content and shortened amylopectin branch chains, its potential to alter starch structure should be considered. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0533 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300001 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Ganesan, V. Rosentrater, K. A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Dynamic water adsorption characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE SORPTION; ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; CICER-ARIETINUM; FOOD POWDERS; PELEG MODEL; SOAKING; KINETICS; CULTIVARS; EQUATION; CHICKPEA AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is one of the coproducts obtained from dry-grind ethanol manufacturing. As the ethanol industry is Growing exponentially, the production of DDGS has been significantly increasing as well. To optimize the use of DDGS, it has to be economically transported from one part of the country to other parts, and stored efficiently. But DDGS has some flow issues, which often makes storage and transportation very problematic. So the objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic water adsorption characteristics of DDGS with four soluble levels at four temperatures and four relative humidities. Three mathematical models were then used to fit the adsorption data (Peleg, Pilosof, and Singh-Kulshrestha). As there was no model available for describing the water adsorption characteristics of DDGS with varying soluble levels at various temperature and relative humidity conditions, a new comprehensive model was developed. The new model, Ganesan-Rosentrater-Muthu (GRM) model, encompassed soluble level, temperature, and relative humidity effects, along with time and moisture content. The GRM model (R-2 = 0.94; F =16503.90) provided a good description of DDGS water adsorption behavior and can be used to predict the dynamic adsorption of water in DDGS for a broad range of storage conditions. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0548 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300003 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Ganesan, V. Rosentrater, K. A. Muthukumarappan, K. TI Modeling the flow properties of DDGS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL DATA; WATER ACTIVITY; FOOD POWDERS AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are an excellent source of energy. minerals. and bypass protein for ruminants. With the remarkable growth of the U.S. fuel ethanol industry in the past decade, large quantities of distillers grains are now being produced. DDGS flow is often restricted by caking and bridging during its storage and transportation. In our previous works, increased soluble and moisture levels significantly affected the flow properties of DDGS. Currently, however, there is no model available to predict the flowability of DDGS. So the objectives of this study were to thoroughly investigate the data obtained from our previous work using exploratory data analysis techniques and to develop a comprehensive model to predict the flowability of DDGS. A simple and robust model (R(2) = 0.93, SE = 0.12) was developed by combining the important flow properties obtained from conventional Carr and Jenike tests using dimensional analysis and response surface modeling. However, the model developed was exclusively based on the DDGS from one ethanol plant and, as DDGS flow properties will differ with each plant, it is suggested to use this methodology to develop similar models to predict the flowability of DDGS for other plants as well. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0556 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300004 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Dien, BS Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan Dien, Bruce S. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, Vijay TI Fiber separated from distillers dried grains with solubles as a feedstock for ethanol production SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN; COPRODUCTS AB In the dry-grind process, corn starch is converted into sugars that are fermented into ethanol. The remaining corn components (protein, fiber, fat, and ash) form a coproduct, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). In a previous study, the combination of sieving and elutriation (air classification), known as the elusieve process, was effective in separating fiber from DDGS. In this study, elusieve fiber was evaluated for ethanol production and results were compared with those reported in other studies for fiber from different corn processing techniques. Fiber samples were pretreated using acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic treatment. The hydrolyzate was fermented using Escherichia coli FBR5 strain. Efficiency of ethanol production from elusieve fiber was 89-91%, similar to that for pericarp fiber from wet-milling and quick fiber processes (86-90%). Ethanol yields from elusieve fiber were 0.23-0.25 L/kg (0.027-0.030 gal/lb); similar to ethanol yields from wet-milling pericarp fiber and quick fiber. Fermentations were completed within 50 hr. Elusieve fiber conversion could result in 1.2-2.7% increase in ethanol production from dry-grind plants. It could be economically feasible to use elusieve fiber along with other feedstock in a plant producing ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks. Due to the small scale of operation and the stage of technology development for cellulosic conversion to ethanol, implementation of elusieve fiber conversion to ethanol within a dry-grind plant may not be currently economically feasible. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0563 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300005 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Wilson, J Gwirtz, J Maghirang, E Dowell, F McCluskey, P Bean, S AF Pearson, T. Wilson, J. Gwirtz, J. Maghirang, E. Dowell, F. McCluskey, P. Bean, S. TI Relationship between single wheat Kernel particle-size distribution and perten SKCS 4100 hardness index SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; ENDOSPERM; QUALITY AB The Perten Single Kernel Characterization system is the current reference method for determination of single wheat kernel texture. However, the SKCS 4100 calibration method is based on bulk samples. The objective of this research was to develop a single-kernel hardness reference based on single-kernel particle-size distributions (PSD). A total of 473 kernels, drawn from eight different classes, was studied. Material from single kernels that had been crushed on the SKCS 4100 system was collected, milled, then the PSD of each ground single kernel was measured. Wheat kernels from soft and hard classes with similar SKCS hardness indices (HI 40-60) typically had a PSD that was expected from their genetic class. That is, soft kernels tended to have more particles at < 21 mu m than hard kernels after milling. As such, a combination of HI and PSD gives better discrimination between genetically hard and soft classes than either parameter measured independently. Additionally, the use of SKCS-predicted PSD, combined with other low level SKCS parameters, appears to reduce classification errors into genetic hardness classes by approximate to 50% over what is currently accomplished with HI alone. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Kansas City, KS USA. GIPSA, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. EM thomas.pearson@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0567 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300006 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Wayns, KE Flores, RA Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Wayns, Kevin E. Flores, Rolando A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Tocopherols and tocotrienols in barley oil prepared from germ and other fractions from scarification and sieving of hulless barley SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Two cultivars of hulless barley (Doyce and Merlin) were scarified to abrade the outer layers of the kernels (germ, pericarp, and aleurone). The resulting scarification fines fractions were then separated into four particle-size subfractions using sieves. Each of the size subfractions was then extracted with hexane to produce a barley oil, and the levels of free phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in the various barley oils were compared. For both cultivars, the fraction with the largest particle size (0.717-1.410 mm) had the highest oil yields (11-12%). Visual examination of this fraction indicated that it consisted almost entirely of small fragments (approximate to 1 mm) of the germ portion of the kernel. The levels of tocopherols were highest in the largest particle-size fraction and their proportion decreased in the fractions with decreasing particle size. In contrast, the levels of tocotrienols were very low in the largest particle-size fraction and increased in the fractions with decreasing particle sizes. Intact germ was also prepared by hand-dissection, extracted, and analyzed. The results indicate that the approximate to 1 mm germ fragments obtained by scarification-sieving consisted almost entirely of germ fragments, but these fragments represented only 17.5 and 23.7% of the total mass of the germ, from Merlin and Doyce, respectively. These results also suggest that it may be possible to control the concentrations of tocopherols and tocotrienols in barley oil by controlling the particle size of the feedstock used to extract the oil. Germ fragments isolated by such processes could potentially be used as functional food ingredients or extracted to yield oils enriched in health-promoting phytosterols, tocopherols, or tocotrienols. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreati@tirs.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0587 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300009 ER PT J AU Bett-Garber, KL Champagne, ET Ingram, DA McClung, AM AF Bett-Garber, Karen L. Champagne, Elaine T. Ingram, Daphne A. McClung, Anna M. TI Influence of water-to-rice ratio on cooked rice flavor and texture SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FINAL MOISTURE-CONTENT; VARIETIES; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; COOKING AB Water-to-rice ratio is known to affect cooked rice texture, whereas the effects on flavor are largely unknown. To determine the influence of the amount of water during cooking on flavor and texture attributes, three water-to-rice ratios of low (less than recommended), recommended, and high (more than recommended) were evaluated. The recommended amount used was based on amylose content and cook type for the cultivar. Four diverse cultivars were compared: Dellmont (aromatic long-grain), Saber (conventional lone-gain), Neches (waxy long-grain), and Bengal (conventional medium-grain). A descriptive sensory panel evaluated flavor and texture attribute intensities. The water-to-rice ratio did not significantly affect flavor attributes across all cultivars. The amount of water affected 11 of the 14 texture attributes evaluated. Of these 11; initial starchy coating, slickness, stickiness between grains, cohesiveness, and uniformity of bite increased in intensity with greater amounts of water at cooking. whereas hardness, stickiness to lips, springiness, and chewiness decreased in intensity. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Bett-Garber, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM kbett@srrc.ars.usda.eov OI Bett-Garber, Karen/0000-0002-1453-2759 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0614 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300013 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Moreau, RA Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan Moreau, Robert A. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, Vijay TI Phytosterol distribution in fractions obtained from processing of distillers dried grains with solubles using sieving and elutriation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN FIBER; OIL; DDGS; SEPARATION; RECOVERY; YIELD AB In an earlier study. the combination of sieving and elutriation was effective in separating fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the coproduct remaining after ethanol production from corn. To separate fiber, air was blown through sieve fractions in an elutriation column. Material carried by air to the top of the elutriation column was the lighter fraction: material that settled in the bottom was the heavier fraction. Separation of fiber from DDGS resulted in two products: 1) elusieve fiber with high neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which was obtained by combining lighter fractions; and 2) enhanced DDGS with reduced fiber (low NDF) and increased fat and increased protein contents, which was obtained by combining material remaining after separation of lighter fractions. There were no differences in phytosterol distributions (St:E, St, and FPE) among sieve categories. Phytosterol contents of oil from the lighter fractions were higher than or the same as the corresponding heavier fractions. Total phytosterol contents in elusieve fiber and enhanced DDGS were 112-142 and 226-232 mg/100 g, respectively. Phytosterol contents in elusieve fractions were compared with phytosterol contents reported in previous studies for fiber from different corn processing techniques. Phytosterol content of elusieve fiber was higher than wet-milling endosperm fiber (71 mg/100 g). Enhanced DDGS had higher phytosterol content than dry-milling fiber (152 mg/100 g), wet-milling endosperm fiber (71 mg/100 g), quick fiber obtained from steeping without chemicals (215 mg/100 g), and DDGS (216 mg/100 g). Wet-milling pericarp fiber (241 mg/100 g) and quick fiber from steeping with chemicals (275 mg/100 g) had higher phytosterol contents than elusieve fiber and enhanced DDGS. Phytosterol extraction from elusieve fiber could potentially increase revenues from elusieve process: however the increase in price of elusieve products could not be determined because estimates for the cost of the phytosterol extraction and for the value of ferulate phytosterol esters are not available. C1 Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Environm Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. EM vsin2h@uiuc.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-6-0626 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 239PD UT WOS:000251529300015 ER PT J AU Rogers, SW Ong, SK Moorman, TB AF Rogers, Shane W. Ong, Say Kee Moorman, Thomas B. TI Mineralization of PAHs in coal-tar impacted aquifer sediments and associated microbial community structure investigated with FISH SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; fluorescence in situ hybridization; coal-tar; biodegradation ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA; NITRATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; SALT-MARSH PLANTS; NAPHTHALENE DEGRADATION; MASS-BALANCE; MICROORGANISMS; BIODEGRADATION; RHIZOSPHERE AB The microbial community structure and mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a coal-tar contaminated aquifer were investigated spatially using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and in laboratory-scale incubations of the aquifer sediments. DAPI-detected microbial populations in the contaminated sediments were three orders of magnitude greater than nearby uncontaminated sediments, suggesting growth on coal-tar constituents in situ. Actinobacteria, beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria, and Flavobacteria dominated the in situ aerobic (> 1 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen) microbial community, whereas sulfate-reducing bacteria comprised 37% of the microbial community in the sulfidogenic region of the aquifer. Rapid mineralization of naphthalene and phenanthrene were observed in aerobic laboratory microcosms and resulted in significant enrichment of beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria potentially explaining their elevated presence in situ. Firmicutes, Flavobacteria, alpha-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were also-enriched in the mineralization assays, but to a lesser degree. Nitrate- and sulfate-limited mineralization of naphthalene in laboratory microcosms occurred to a small degree in aquifer sediments from locations where groundwater chemistry indicated nitrate- and sulfate-reduction, respectively.-Some iron-limited mineralization of naphthalene and phenanthrene was also observed in sediments originating near groundwater measurements of elevated ferrous iron. The results of this study suggest that FISH may be a useful toot for providing a much needed link between laboratory microcosms and groundwater measurements made in situ necessary to better demonstrate the potential for natural attenuation at complex PAH contaminated sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 5710, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM swrogers@cafoexpert.com RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013; OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279; Rogers, Shane/0000-0003-4488-5122 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2007 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1563 EP 1573 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.058 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232GP UT WOS:000251006800008 PM 17617439 ER PT J AU Pappas, C Matsuoka, Y Swayne, DE Donis, RO AF Pappas, Claudia Matsuoka, Yumiko Swayne, David E. Donis, Ruben O. TI Development and evaluation of an influenza virus subtype H7N2 vaccine candidate for pandemic preparedness SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; A VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; H5N1 INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK; PATHOGENICITY; PENNSYLVANIA; STRAIN AB Influenza virus of the H7N2 subtype has been introduced into noncommercial poultry in the United States, and this probably resulted in incidents of transmission of H7N2 virus to humans, documented in 2002 and 2003. This virus could be considered a potential threat to public health if it acquired person-to-person transmissibility. A favored approach for global pandemic preparedness includes development of prepandemic vaccines for any potential pandemic virus. To this end, we created a high-growth reassortant virus (H7N2-PR8) containing the genes for the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase from a low-pathogenicity (H7N2) virus strain and the remaining six genes from a human vaccine strain (H1N1). The reassortant strain was evaluated to assess its antigenicity, safety, and protective efficacy using a mouse model. Antigenicity studies using ferret antibodies raised against H7N2-PR8 indicated that this virus confers broad cross-reactivity with divergent H7 viruses of different years and lineages. Mice and chickens inoculated with high doses of H7N2-PR8 supported virus replication but survived, indicating that this virus is comparable to other avian viruses of low pathogenicity. To assess the protective efficacy of H7N2-PR8, mice were immunized with two doses of formalin-inactivated H7N2-PR8, alone or with alum. Vaccinated mice subsequently challenged with highly pathogenic viruses from homologous and heterologous lineages A/Canada/444/04 (H7N3) and A/Netherlands/219/03 (H7N7) showed pronounced reduction of wild-type virus replication. These studies indicate that H7N2-PR8 is immunogenic, safe, and protective in animal models; these are the essential attributes to qualify for phase I human clinical trials as a prepandemic vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rdonis@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1425 EP 1432 DI 10.1128/CVI.00174-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 233YI UT WOS:000251125800006 PM 17913860 ER PT J AU Small, SL Thompson, FR Geupel, GR Faaborg, J AF Small, Stacy L. Thompson, Frank R., III Geupel, Geoffrey R. Faaborg, John TI Spotted Towhee population dynamics in a riparian restoration context SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bird population dynamics; cowbird parasitism; floodplains; nest predation; nest survival; restoration; riparian forest ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SONGBIRD NESTS; MOLOTHRUS-ATER; PREDATION; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; FOREST AB We investigated factors at multiple scales that might influence nest predation risk for Spotted Towhees (Pipilo maculatus) along the Sacramento River, California, within the context of large-scale riparian habitat restoration. We used the logistic-exposure method and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) for model selection to compare predator search, predator abundance, restoration, and temporal effects hypotheses. Our candidate models represented restoration, temporal, nest activity, nest concealment, agriculture, and flood effects. Restoration sites did function as breeding habitat, with nest survival comparable to mature forest sites and some young being produced. The best-supported models contained the covariates cowbird young in host nest and calendar date. All supported models contained the covariate cowbird young, the only variable with a strong effect. In contrast to our prediction, nest survival increased with cowbird young in the nest, implicating adult cowbirds in nest predation events. Nest survival declined throughout the breeding season and increased marginally with nest concealment. We calculated the finite rate of population increase (lambda), using a model that incorporated nest success estimates for parasitized and unparasitized nests, double brooding, the locally observed cowbird parasitism rate for Spotted Towhees, number of young fledged from successful parasitized and unparasitized nests, adult survival and a range of juvenile survival values, estimated as percentages of adult survival. Values of lambda did not approach the replacement level of one, indicating that this population is not self-sustaining. We recommend extensive habitat restoration in the floodplain landscape, ideally in conjunction with cowbird control, to reduce nest predation and parasitism pressures. C1 [Small, Stacy L.; Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Geupel, Geoffrey R.] Palomarin Field Stn, PRBO Conservat Sci, Bolinas, CA 94924 USA. RP Small, SL (reprint author), 806 14th St, Modesto, CA 95354 USA. EM ssmall@riverpartners.org NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 721 EP 733 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[721:STPDIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600001 ER PT J AU Hamer, TE Forsman, ED Glenn, EM AF Hamer, Thomas E. Forsman, Eric D. Glenn, Elizabeth M. TI Home range attributes and habitat selection of Barred Owls and Spotted Owls in an area of sympatry SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; habitat selection; home range; Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis; Strix varia; Washington ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; AVAILABILITY DATA; SOUTHERN OREGON; WESTERN OREGON; BOREAL FOREST; WASHINGTON AB We compared home range areas and habitat selection of radio-marked Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis) and Barred Owls (Strix varia) in an area of sympatry in the northern Cascade Range of Washington in 1986-1989. On average, home ranges of Spotted Owls were 3-4 times larger than ranges of Barred Owls, and there was little overlap of home ranges during the breeding season. Ranges of both species tended to expand during winter. Home range size of both species was negatively correlated with the amount of old forest, but the negative slope of the regression was much steeper for Spotted Owls than for Barred Owls. For both species, home ranges of individual owls typically had high overlap among seasons and years, indicating high site fidelity. Barred Owls generally occupied home ranges at lower elevations than Spotted Owls (mean = 386 +/- 27 rn vs. 750 +/- 68 m). Both species tended to use old forests more than expected, but Spotted Owls tended to use other cover types less than expected, whereas Barred Owls used most other cover types in proportion to their availability. We suggest that Spotted Owls may use larger ranges than Barred Owls because they prey selectively on a few species of nocturnal mammals, whereas Barred Owls forage more evenly across a broad range of prey types, including diurnal and aquatic species. The low overlap of Barred Owl and Spotted Owl home ranges suggests that territorial Barred Owls exclude Spotted Owls from their territories, at least during the breeding season, thus reducing the amount of habitat available to Spotted Owls. C1 [Forsman, Eric D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hamer, Thomas E.] Hamer Environm LP, Mt Vernon, WA 98274 USA. [Glenn, Elizabeth M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 35 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 750 EP 768 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[750:HRAAHS]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600003 ER PT J AU Wells, KMS Ryan, MR Millspaugh, JJ Thompson, FR Hubbard, MW AF Wells, Kimberly M. Suedkamp Ryan, Mark R. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Thompson, Frank R., III Hubbard, Michael W. TI Survival of postfledging grassland birds in Missouri SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE cause-specific mortality; Dickcissel; Eastern Mcadowlark; grassland birds; Juvenile survival; postfledging; snakes ID HABITAT USE; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SONGBIRD NESTS; WOOD THRUSHES; MOVEMENTS; PREDATION; PASSERINES AB We describe survival patterns during the postfledging period for two species of grassland birds in Missouri. We monitored 155 radio-marked juvenile Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and 107 juvenile Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna; hereafter meadowlark) in southwestern Missouri, from 2002 to 2004. We used an information theoretic approach to evaluate support for biological, temporal, and spatial covariates on survival estimates using Cox proportional hazards models, and also identified cause-specific mortality. For Dickcissels, the model with biological covariates containing body mass had the lowest score using Akaike's information criterion, corrected for small sample sizes (AIC(c)) and almost twice the support of the second-best model. For meadowlarks, the null model had the lowest AIC(c) score, but the second-best model containing body mass was also competitive (within 2 AIC(c) units), so we used the latter model for inference. Hazard ratios indicated that a I g increase in body mass was associated with a 3% (Dickcissels) and 2% (meadowlarks) reduction in the risk of death. The cumulative probability of surviving the study period (Dickcissels, 58 days, meadowlarks, 72 days) was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49-0.65) for Dickcissels and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54-0.74) for meadowlarks. Predation was the largest source of cause-specific mortality for both species and responsible for 56% (Dickcissels) and 70% (meadowlarks) of deaths. Snakes were the numerically dominant predator of juvenile Dickcissels, but there was not a numerically dominant predator of juvenile meadowlarks. Our results emphasize the importance of body condition on postfledging survival. Future studies should consider estimating postfledging survival rates within species across systems to understand the potential impacts of different predator communities on juvenile survival. C1 [Wells, Kimberly M. Suedkamp; Ryan, Mark R.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hubbard, Michael W.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Div, Jefferson City, MO 65109 USA. RP Wells, KMS (reprint author), HT Harvey & Assoc, 983 Univ Ave,Bldg D, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. EM kwells@harveyecology.com NR 51 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 781 EP 794 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[781:SOPGBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600005 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Gray, BR Gallagher, M Young, N Rohweder, JJ Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Gray, Brian R. Gallagher, Maureen Young, Neal Rohweder, Jason J. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Power to detect trend in short-term time series of bird abundance SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE floodplain habitat; Missouri River; point counts; Poisson regression; power; trend estimation; underdispersion ID POPULATION TRENDS; POINT COUNTS AB Avian point counts for population monitoring are often collected over a short timespan (e.g., 3-5 years). We examined whether power was adequate (power >= 0.80) in short-duration studies to warrant the calculation of trend estimates. We modeled power to detect trends in abundance indices of eight bird species occurring across three floodplain habitats (wet prairies early successional forest, and mature forest) as a function of trend magnitude, sample size, and species-specific sampling and among-year variance components. Point counts (5 min) were collected from 365 locations distributed among 10 study sites along the lower Missouri River; counts were collected over the period 2002 to 2004. For all study species, power appeared adequate to detect trends in studies of short duration (three years) at a single site when exponential declines were relatively large in magnitude (more than -5% year(-1)) and the sample of point counts per year was >= 30. Efforts to monitor avian trends with point counts in small managed lands (i.e., refuges and parks) should recognize this sample size restriction by including point counts from offsite locations as a means of obtaining sufficient numbers of samples per strata. Trends of less than -5% year(-1) are not likely to be consistently detected for most species over the short term, but short-term monitoring may still be useful as the basis for comparisons with future surveys. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Gray, Brian R.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen; Young, Neal] Big Muddy Natl Fish & Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen] Appalachian Partnership Coordinat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wise, VA 24293 USA. [Young, Neal] Natl Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] Regions 3 & 5 Biol Monitoring Team, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 943 EP 948 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[943:PTDTIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600018 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Davis, RF Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, W. C., III Davis, R. F. Mullinix, B. G., Jr. TI An integrated system of summer solarization and fallow tillage for Cyperus esculentus and nematode management in the southeastern coastal plain SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Cyperus esculentus L.; fallow weed control; organic weed control; solarization; yellow nutsedge ID SOIL SOLARIZATION; PURPLE NUTSEDGE; WEED-CONTROL; SOILBORNE PESTS; METHYL-BROMIDE; TOMATO; ALTERNATIVES; TEMPERATURE; CROPS; SEED AB Solarization is a form of pest control using clear plastic mulch that allows sunlight to heat the soil to temperatures lethal to plant pests. Fallow tillage is a proven practice to reduce baseline weed densities. Field trials were conducted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station Ponder Farm from 2003 to 2006 to evaluate integrated systems of pest control using solarization and fallow tillage. Treatments included all possible combinations of four solarization regimes and three fallow tillage regimes. Solarization regimes began in either May, July, September, and included a non-solarized control. Plots were solarized using clear-colorless polyethylene mulch. Frequencies of fallow tillage were weekly and monthly using a power-tiller, and included a non-tilled control. All solarization materials were removed in early October each year and turnip green were direct seeded into the pre-existing plots. The following spring, sweet corn were seeded into preexisting plots a second time. Solarization beginning in May or July provided excellent control of Cyperus esculentus in plots planted to turnip green and reduced densities of plant parasitic nematodes. Fallow tillage throughout the summer with a power-tiller at monthly or weekly intervals were equally effective. C esculentus in spring planted sweet corn responded similarly. These results show that an integrated system of solarization and fallow tillage can effectively reduce populations of C esculentus to manageable levels without the use of fumigants or herbicides, provided that the solarization period during the summer lasts at least 90 days. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1666 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.02.005 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 227VY UT WOS:000250687100008 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Vogel, KP Taliaferro, CM Ehlke, NJ Berdahl, JD Brummer, EC Kallenbach, RL West, CP Mitchell, RB AF Casler, M. D. Vogel, K. P. Taliaferro, C. M. Ehlke, N. J. Berdahl, J. D. Brummer, E. C. Kallenbach, R. L. West, C. P. Mitchell, R. B. TI Latitudinal and longitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPLANTED COMMUNITY FRACTIONS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; AMERICAN PRAIRIE GRASSES; ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOMASS YIELD; CULTIVARS; USA; REGISTRATION AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) is a warm-season native grass, used for livestock feed, bioenergy, soil and wildlife conservation, and prairie restoration in a large portion of the USA. The objective of this research was to quantify the relative importance of latitude and longitude for adaptation and agronomic performance of a diverse group of switchgrass populations. Six populations, chosen to represent remnant prairie populations on two north-south transects, were evaluated for agronomic traits at 12 locations ranging from 36 to 47 degrees N latitude and 88 to 101 W longitude. Although the population x location interactions accounted for only 10 to 31% of the variance among population means; many significant changes in ranking and adaptive responses were observed. Ground cover was greater for northern-origin populations evaluated in hardiness zones 3 and 4 and for southern-origin populations evaluated in hardiness zones 5 and 6. There were no adaptive responses related to longitude (ecoregion). Switchgrass populations for use in biomass production, conservation, or restoration should not be moved more than one hardiness zone north or south from their origin, but some can be moved east or west of their original ecoregion, if results from field tests support broad longitudinal adaptation. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Ctr, Mandan, ND 58544 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 44 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 46 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2249 EP 2260 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0780 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000005 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Stendal, CA Kapich, L Vogel, KP AF Casler, Michael D. Stendal, Chad A. Kapich, Ludmila Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Genetic diversity, plant adaptation regions, and gene pools for switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FESTUCA-PRATENSIS HUDS.; CONSERVATION GENETICS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; ECOTYPIC VARIATION; RAPD VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; RESTORATION; GRASSLAND; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the North American tallgrass prairie and broadly adapted to the central and eastern USA. Transfer of germplasm throughout this region creates the potential of contaminating local gene pools with genes that are not native to a locale. The objective of this study was to identify structural patterns and spatial variation for molecular markers of switchgrass populations from the northern and central USA. Forty-six prairie-remnant populations and 11 cultivars were analyzed for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers: Although there was significant population differentiation, little of this variation was associated with geographic regions. A small amount of population differentiation was associated with hardiness zones and ecoregions, suggesting that a recent proposal to use these two criteria for defining plant adaptation regions has merit for defining gene pools and seed-transfer zones of switchgrass. Cultivars of switchgrass cannot be differentiated from prairie-remnant populations in the northern and central USA on the basis of RAPD markers, indicating that they are still highly representative of natural germplasm. Seed sources of switchgrass can be moved considerable distance within hardiness zones and ecoregions without causing significant contamination, pollution, swamping, or erosion of local gene pools. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 58 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 29 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2261 EP 2273 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0797 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000006 ER PT J AU Ariss, JJ Vandemark, GJ AF Ariss, Jennifer J. Vandemark, George J. TI Assessment of genetic diversity among nondormant and semidormant alfalfa populations using sequence-related amplified polymorphisms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; WINTER HARDINESS; FALL DORMANCY; AFLP MARKERS; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM; GROWTH; REGISTRATION; IMPROVEMENT; COLLECTION AB Synthetic populations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) consist of genetically heterogeneous mixtures of plants, which may complicate use of molecular markers for examining genetic relationships among populations. Molecular marker techniques combined with bulked DNA from multiple plants provides perhaps the best combination of accuracy and high throughput for characterization and differentiation of alfalfa populations. Using 20-plant bulked DNA templates we assessed how sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs) would estimate genetic similarity among 29 nondormant and semidormant alfalfa populations representing diverse genetic backgrounds and the nine historically recognized U.S. germplasm sources. Cluster analysis based on estimates of genetic similarity showed separation of populations in fall dormancy classes 6 to 8 (semidormant) from fall dormancy classes 9 to 11 (nondormant) and in many examples, DNA bulks of the same population clustered together. A single SRAP marker was identified that was present only in bulks of fall dormancy classes 6 and 7, and another marker was identified that was detected only in bulks of fall dormancy class 8. This study demonstrates that the amplification of SRAP markers from DNA extracted from bulked plant samples is an efficient method for estimating genetic similarity both within and between a large numbers of populations. The SRAPs may also be useful for indirectly classifying relative fall dormancies of uncharacterized populations. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM gvandemark@wsu.edu NR 42 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2274 EP 2284 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0782 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000007 ER PT J AU Gaines, TA Byrne, PF Westra, P Nissen, SJ Henry, WB Shaner, DL Chapman, PL AF Gaines, Todd A. Byrne, Patrick F. Westra, Philip Nissen, Scott J. Henry, W. Brien Shaner, Dale L. Chapman, Phillip L. TI An empirically derived model of field-scale gene flow in winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OUT-CROSSING RATES; CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE; HERBICIDE; BIOLOGY AB The potential introduction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with transgenic traits has generated increased interest in pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF). The objectives of this study were to estimate wheat PMGF between commercial fields across multiple years and locations, and to compare estimates from large fields to those from smaller experimental plots. The study was conducted in a total of 56 commercial field locations in eastern Colorado in 2003, 2004, and 2005. We measured PMGF by tracking the movement of an imidazolinone herbicide resistance gene from resistant to susceptible cultivars, sampled at distances of 0.23 to 61 m. At least one sample from all 56 fields and from all 18 evaluated cultivars had detectable PMGF. The highest observed PMGF was 5.3% at 0.23 m. The farthest distance at which PMGF was detected was 61 m and the highest PMGF at that distance was 0.25%. Higher levels and greater distances of PMGF were detected in commercial fields than in experimental plots. Based on estimates from a generalized linear mixed model with a random location effect, the distance required to ensure 95% confidence that 95% of locations have PMGF less than 0.9% is 41.1 m for cultivars heading earlier than the pollen source and 0.7 m for cultivars heading later than the pollen source. These confidence limits should represent the highest levels of PMGF expected to occur in winter wheat in the west-central Great Plains and will be useful for wheat biotechnology regulation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Bioagricultural Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stat, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Byrne, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 1170 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Patrick.Byrne@colostate.edu RI Gaines, Todd/A-8998-2008; OI Gaines, Todd/0000-0003-1485-7665; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2308 EP 2316 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0248 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000011 ER PT J AU Miranda, LM Perugini, L Srnic, G Brown-Guedira, G Marshall, D Leath, S Murphy, JP AF Miranda, L. M. Perugini, L. Srnic, G. Brown-Guedira, G. Marshall, D. Leath, S. Murphy, J. P. TI Genetic mapping of a Triticum monococcum-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; MARKERS; GERMPLASM; PM1; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS AB Powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis DC f. sp. tritici. A microsatellite linkage map was developed for the T. monococcum-derived powdery mildew resistant gene present in the North Carolina germplasm line NCB-GT96A6 (NCA6). Genetic analysis of F-2-derived lines from the cross NCA6 x 'Saluda' indicated a single gene controlled powdery mildew resistance. Four microsatellite markers linked to the NCA6 Pm gene mapped to chromosome 7AL. The most likely order was Xcfa2123-0.9 cm-Xbarc121-1.7 cM resistance gene/Xcfa2019-3.0 cM-Xgwm332. A detached-leaf test indicated the disease reaction response of the NCA6 Pm gene was different from the five known alleles at the Pm1 locus on 7AL. Deletion interval mapping showed a large physical to genetic distance ratio for these microsatellite marker loci. This may be due to suppressed recombination between the introgressed T. monococcum segment and the homologous region of the T. aestivum cultivar Saluda. Our results suggested that the NCA6 Pm gene is likely a novel source of resistance to powdery mildew but additional allelism studies are needed to establish the relationship between this locus and the other known Pm loci on 7AL. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Italia, I-26030 Cremona, Italy. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miranda, LM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lmiranda@uga.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2323 EP 2329 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0053 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000013 ER PT J AU Chernyshova, AA White, PJ Scott, MP Jannink, JL AF Chernyshova, A. A. White, P. J. Scott, M. P. Jannink, J. -L. TI Selection for nutritional function and agronomic performance in oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCAN CONTENT; LINES; GRAIN; INHERITANCE; VISCOSITY; CROSSES; BARLEY; BRAN AB The soluble fiber (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan has been identified as an active component of oat (Avena sativa L.) that lowers serum cholesterol, reduces the risk of heart disease and colon cancer, and alleviates the symptoms of diabetes. Those beneficial effects may be caused by the ability of P-glucan to generate viscosity in the digestive system. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic components of variance for beta-glucan content and oat slurry viscosity in a population derived from the cross of high P-glucan with elite agronomic oat lines. Twelve high beta-glucan inbred lines were crossed with 12 inbred lines with good agronomic performance. The F 3:4 generation was evaluated in 2005 at two Iowa locations. The range in P-glucan content was 37.1 g kg(-1) to 73.5 g kg(-1). A positive correlation (r(2) = 0.38) was found between P-glucan content and log-transformed viscosity. High beta-glucan lines tended to have low grain yield and biomass. Significant variation among families and among lines within families were observable for most traits, suggesting selection for beta-glucan content, viscosity, and viscosity deviation should be feasible. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM eanlucjannink@ars.usda.gov RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010; Chernyshova, Alyona/C-8608-2012 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2330 EP 2339 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0759 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000014 ER PT J AU Tu, SB Luan, L Liu, YH Long, WB Kong, FL He, T Xu, QF Yan, WN Yu, M AF Tu, Shengbin Luan, Li Liu, Yuhua Long, Wenbo Kong, Fanlun He, Tao Xu, Qiongfang Yan, Wengui Yu, Maoqun TI Production and heterosis analysis of rice autotetraploid hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; STERILITY AB Poor fertility is the main barrier for utilizing heterosis between the two rice (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies, indica and japonica. Recently, the development of autotetraploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 48) has been suggested as a new method for increasing heterosis in hybrid rice. Using standard experimental protocols, the elite diploid rice male sterile, maintainer, and restorer lines were colchicine-doubled, and autotetraploid counterparts were obtained. Seven resulting hybrids were analyzed for heterobeltiosis (HB), where the F-1 was compared to the male parent, and the degree of heterosis, where the F, was compared to the diploid commercial hybrid, Shanyou 63. The HB among the autotetraploid hybrids ranged from 1.4 to 105.9% for the productive panicles per plant, 0.5 to 74.3% for total kernels per panicle, 17.6 to 255.7% for filled kernels per panicle, and 9.6 to 130.4% for seed set. Improvements in these yield components resulted in the HB for kernel yield ranging from 64.8 to 672.7% among the seven hybrids. Hybrids T461A/T4002 and T461A/T4193 yielded 46.3 and 38.3% more, respectively, than Shanyou 63, and all other hybrids but one yielded the same or more than Shanyou 63. The high heterosis for yield suggests that hybrid sterility between two rice subspecies may be overcome by using tetraploid lines followed by intensive selection. Also, the gigantic features of the autotetraploid hybrids may establish a plant structure able to support the higher yield. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Yan, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM wyan@spa.ars.usda.gov; yumq@cib.ac.cn NR 31 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2356 EP 2363 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0058 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000017 ER PT J AU Chu, Y Ramos, L Holbrook, CC Ozias-Akins, P AF Chu, Y. Ramos, L. Holbrook, C. C. Ozias-Akins, P. TI Frequency of a loss-of-function mutation in oleoyl-PC desaturase (ahFAD2A) in the mini-core of the US peanut germplasm collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; HIGH OLEATE TRAIT; CULTIVATED PEANUT; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; MARKERS; PROGENITORS; LIPIDS AB High oleic acid to linoleic acid ratios (high O/L) in tetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are controlled by the activity of oleoyl-PC desaturase, which is encoded by two homeologous genes (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B). In a naturally occurring high O/L peanut, a spontaneous mutation (G-to-A at position 448 resulting in a D150N amino acid substitution) has been found in ahFAD2A, which resulted in a dysfunctional desaturase. In normal x high O/L crosses, segregation ratios for high:normal O/L are either 1:3 or 1:15 suggesting that one gene in some normal O/L lines may be mutated. We designed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker to differentiate the mutant and wild-type ahFAD2A alleles at the critical point mutation. The mutant allele was present in 31.6% of the accessions from the mini-core collection of peanut germplasm and was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The mutant allele was frequent among subspecies hypogaea accessions but absent from subspecies fastigiata accessions and the putative diploid, A-genome progenitor of peanut, Arachis duranensis. These data will be useful to breeders who would like to transfer disease resistance traits from mini-core accessions to high oleic acid cultivars. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Res Genet, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu NR 45 TC 34 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2372 EP 2378 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.02.0117 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000019 ER PT J AU Luciani, G Altpeter, F Yactayo-Chang, J Zhang, H Gallo, M Meagher, RL Wofford, D AF Luciani, Gabriela Altpeter, Fredy Yactayo-Chang, Jessica Zhang, Hangning Gallo, Maria Meagher, Robert L. Wofford, David TI Expression of cry1Fa in bahiagrass enhances resistance to fall armyworm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INTEGRATION PATTERNS; INSECT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PASPALUM-NOTATUM; GENE CASSETTES; HOST STRAINS; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum var. saurae) is the predominant forage grass in Florida and in other subtropical regions. To improve pest resistance against fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)], an optimized cry1Fa gene encoding a 8-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis was synthesized, subcloned under the transcriptional control of the constitutive ubi1 promoter, and introduced into the bahiagrass cultivar Tifton 9 by particle bombardment. Three transgenic bahiagrass lines were generated using minimal transgene expression cassettes without vector backbone. Southern blot analyses showed independent cry1Fa transgene integration patterns for the three lines. Transcripts of cry1Fa were detected in all three transgenic lines by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cry1Fa protein was detected in two lines by immuno-chromatography and quantitative Cry1Fa enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Cry1Fa ELISA also indicated stable cry1Fa transgene expression in vegetative progeny plants of both lines. Cry1Fa expression levels correlated well to resistance levels determined by insect bioassays. An average mortality rate of 83% was observed when neonate larvae of fall armyworm were fed with transgenic leaves of the highest cry1Fa expressing line. These results indicate that minimal expression cassette technology supports stable and high level expression of cry1Fa in bahiagrass which can control fall armyworm, a devastating pest of forage grasses. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, Inst Plant Mol Genet & Cell Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Altpeter, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Agron, Inst Plant Mol Genet & Cell Biol Program, PO Box 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM faltpeter@ifas.ufl.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2430 EP 2436 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0195 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000024 ER PT J AU Byfield, GE Upchurch, RG AF Byfield, Grace E. Upchurch, Robert G. TI Effect of temperature on microsomal omega-3 linoleate desaturase gene expression and linolenic acid content in developing soybean seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DELTA-9 STEAROYL-ACP; FAN LOCUS; OIL; INHERITANCE; ACCLIMATION; MUTANTS; ENZYMES AB The mechanism of temperature adaptation in plants, including the formation of polyunsaturates in seed storage lipids, most likely involves transcriptional as well as post-translational regulation of fatty acid desaturase activity. The present investigation was conducted to measure changes in the transcript accumulation among the three members of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family in response to altered growth temperature during seed development. Microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturases catalyze the insertion of a third double bond into linoleic (18:2119,12) acid to produce linolenic (18:3(Delta 9, 12, 15)) acid. At 35 d after flowering, transcript accumulation (normalized for soybean actin) of GmFAD3A decreased by 5- to 15-fold, GmFAD3B by 2- to 9-fold, and GmFAD3C by 2- to 3-fold in seeds that developed in a warm (day/ night [D/N] = 30/26 degrees C) versus a normal (D/N = 26/22 degrees C) or a cool (D/N = 22/18 degrees C) environment. At this stage of seed development, decreased omega-3 desaturase gene expression levels were positively associated with reductions of 39 to 50% in the linolenic acid content of seeds of three soybean varieties examined. Thus, transcriptional regulation of the microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family likely accounts, at least in part, for the reduced linolenic acid levels in soybean seeds grown at elevated temperature. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg-upchurch@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2445 EP 2452 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0263 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000026 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Ray, JD Smith, JR Paris, RL AF Mengistu, Alemu Ray, Jeffery D. Smith, James R. Paris, Robert L. TI Charcoal rot disease assessment of soybean genotypes using a colony-forming unit index SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; RESISTANCE; ROOTS; RACES; DATE AB Charcoal rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Gold] of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a disease of economic significance throughout the world. Progress in developing resistant genotypes has been hampered because of a lack of reliable and efficient methods for assessment of soybean genotypes. Researchers need a common system for classifying soybean genotypes for their reaction to M. phaseolina that is consistent across environments. We propose a classification system based on a colony-forming unit index (CFUI), derived by dividing the colony-forming unit (CFU) value of a given genotype by the CFU value of a susceptible standard. Four other assessment methods were compared and correlated to CFUI: percent height of stem discoloration measured at R7, foliar symptoms taken at R7, area under the disease progress curve based on foliar symptom data collected four times during the growing season up to R7, and the intensity of internal root and stem discoloration taken at R7 (root and stem severity [RSS]). Twenty-four soybean genotypes in Maturity Groups III through V were evaluated in 2002 and 2003 in naturally and artificially infested fields. Based on the CFUI, four genotypes were classified as moderately resistant to M. phaseolina. Among the disease assessment methods, RSS had the highest correlation with CFUI (r = 0.71 in 2002 and r = 0.69 in 2003). The CFUI provided a good measure of disease resistance across environments but was still time consuming. The RSS provided a less-accurate but more-rapid alternative that may be suitable for some breeding strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Amer Chestnut Fdn, Meadowview, VA 24361 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM amengistu@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2453 EP 2461 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0186 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000027 ER PT J AU Fiscus, EL Booker, FL Dubois, JJB Rufty, TW Burton, JW Pursley, WA AF Fiscus, Edwin L. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. Rufty, Thomas W. Burton, Joseph W. Pursley, Walter A. TI Carbon dioxide enhancement effects in container- versus ground-grown soybean at equal planting densities SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT RESTRICTION; ELEVATED CO2; GLYCINE-MAX; COMPARATIVE RESPONSES; FIELD; SEEDLINGS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION; TEMPERATURE AB Prior work showed that CO 2 enhancement ratios (ER) were similar for plants grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) whether grown in the ground or in insulated containers aboveground. Per plant comparisons were suspect since the ground-grown plants were cultivated in rows at normal densities making it difficult to separate the effects of plant competition from the variables of interest. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex] was grown in the ground and in aboveground containers in OTCs in ambient and elevated CO 2 at equal planting densities. The hypothesis was that at equal densities, container- and ground-grown plants would exhibit both equivalent ERs and equivalent per plant yields. Although the only differences in net photosynthetic rate (A(n): mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and conductance to water vapor (g(s):mol m(-2) s(-1)) were due to CO2 and container- and ground-grown plants had similar ERs (mean = 20%), per plant yields were still less in the container-grown plants at both levels of CO 2 (mean = -17%). Reproductive measures, except mass per seed, as well as total stem biomass were significantly reduced in the containers. High CO 2 increased seed oil concentration and the level of fatty acid saturation. The only observed environmental difference was higher daytime root zone temperatures in containers (2-6 degrees C). The robust ERs suggest that neither above- nor below-ground resource limitations was the cause of the yield discrepancies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Fiscus, EL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM Ed.Fiscus@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2486 EP 2494 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0755 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000031 ER PT J AU Pfender, W Graw, K Bradley, W Carney, M Maxwell, L AF Pfender, W. Graw, K. Bradley, W. Carney, M. Maxwell, L. TI Emission rates, survival, and modeled dispersal of viable pollen of creeping bentgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED GRASSES; MEDIATED GENE FLOW; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; MOVEMENT; VIABILITY; DISTANCE; RELEASE; SPORES; FESCUE AB Dispersal and deposition of pollen of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was estimated by using CALPUFF, a complex model originally developed to simulate dispersal of particulates and other air pollutants. In field experiments, peak pollen emission rates (8 x 106 pollen grains per min per m(2) of a creeping bentgrass stand) occurred between 1000 and 1200 h. Pollen survival under outdoor conditions decreased exponentially with time, and only 1% survived for 2 h. CALPUFF simulations showed deposition of 100,000 viable pollen grains per m(2) at distances of 2 to 3 km from the source field, and deposition of one pollen grain per 10 m(2) at distances of 4.6 to 6.7 km from the source field. Pattern of simulated deposition varied with weather conditions and, to a lesser extent, source field size. Simulation of dispersal by a small thermal vortex produced deposition of one grain per 10 m(2) at 15.3 km from the source field. Overall, the deposition modeling results suggest that pollen-mediated gene flow is likely at distances of en 2 to 3 km from a source field, and possible at distances up to 15 km. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 Sw Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2539 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0030 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000036 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Gillen, RL Mcnew, RW AF Springer, T. L. Gillen, R. L. Mcnew, R. W. TI Combining ability of binary mixtures of introduced, cool- and warm-season grasses and legumes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LADINO CLOVER PASTURES; TALL FESCUE; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; WHITE CLOVER; QUALITY; COMPATIBILITY; YIELD AB When two forage species are grown together they can be compatible, compete, or allelopathic with each other. We estimated the combining ability effects for introduced, cook (CS) and warm-season (WS) grasses and legumes grown in binary mixtures. Six pure stands and 15 mixtures were transplanted into field plots in a replicated randomized block design at Woodward, OK. Plots were harvested three times a year over a 2 yr period. Each harvest was analyzed as a mixed model combining ability analysis. The dependent variables were forage dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects for DM yield were either zero or negative for mixtures of CS grasses or mixtures of WS grasses. For DM yield the SCA effects were either zero or positive for CS grass-legume mixtures or zero or negative for WS grass-legume mixtures. A few grass-grass and grass-legume mixtures produced positive SCA effects; but, their species compositions were highly skewed toward one species. When SCA effects are zero, species compete with each other. This was the case for yellow bluestem [Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum (Hack.) Celarier and Harlan]-legume mixtures. Yellow bluestem-legume mixtures averaged 59% yellow bluestem: 41% legume DM forage across harvests. Yellow bluestem-legume mixtures may be a suitable forage production system for the Southern Plains. Long-term grazing studies are needed to determine the sustainability of these mixtures. C1 USDA ARS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Kansas State Univ, Western Kansas Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Stat, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tspringer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2540 EP 2546 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.12.0773 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 237XF UT WOS:000251409000037 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD Manter, DK AF Hunter, W. J. Kuykendall, L. D. Manter, D. K. TI Rhizobium selenireducens sp Nov.: A selenite-reducing alpha-Proteobacteria isolated from a bioreactor SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUOROMETRIC METHOD; AGROBACTERIUM; CLASSIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; RADIOBACTER; RHIZOGENES; REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; TELLURITE AB A Gram-negative, nonpigmented bacterium designated strain B1 was isolated from a laboratory bioreactor that reduced selenate to elemental red selenium (Se-0). 16S rRNA gene-sequence alignment identified the isolate as a Rhizobium sp. belonging to the Rhizobium clade, which includes R. daejeonense, R. giardinii, R. undicola, R. larrymoorei, R. radiobacter, R. rubi, and R. vitis. R. radiobacter and R. rubi are its closest relatives as indicated by 16S rRNA gene-sequence alignments, which differ from strain B1 by 2.6% and 2.8%, respectively. Within this group, strains that show variances > 0.8% to 2.2% have been classified as different species. The major cellular fatty acids present in the B1 strain were C16:0 (1.8%), C18:0 (3.38%), 18:0 3-OH (1.6%), 18:1 omega 7c (86.8%), 19:0 cyclo omega 8c (1.5%), and summed features 2 (3.8%) and 3 (1.2%). The large amount of 18:1 omega 7c present is constant with members of this group of bacteria, but the small amounts of 16:0, 19:0 cyclo omega 8c, and summed feature 3 shows variance from R. radiobacter and R. rubi. The strain's phenotypic and biochemical characteristics are consistent with its placement in this genus. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM william.hunter@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-9020-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 217XB UT WOS:000249979500014 PM 17805926 ER PT J AU Fernhough, ME Okine, E Hausman, G Vierck, JL Dodson, MV AF Fernhough, M. E. Okine, E. Hausman, G. Vierck, J. L. Dodson, M. V. TI PPAR-gamma and GLUT-4 expression as developmental regulators/markers for preadipocyte differentiation into an adipocyte SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PPAR; GLUT-4; adipofibroblast; preadipocyte; differentiation; signaling ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-GAMMA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE METABOLISM; BINDING-PROTEIN-ALPHA; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; COA OXIDASE GENE; V CELL-CULTURES; PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR; C/EBP-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; LIPID-METABOLISM AB In this document, we have integrated knowledge about two major cellular markers found in cells of the adipocyte lineage (an adipogenic marker and a metabolic marker). This review provides information as to how differentiation of a cell (such as an adipofibroblast, fibroblast or preadipocyte) to become a viable (and new) adipocyte is under different regulation than that experienced by an immature adipocyte that is just beginning to accumulate lipid. The differentiation, prior to lipid-filling, involves PPAR gamma. Subsequently, lipid-filling of the adipocyte relies on a late subset of genes and, depending on depot specificity, involves GLUT-4 or any number of other metabolic markers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, POB 646310, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Dodson, Michael/A-6814-2012 NR 128 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.05.001 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225OS UT WOS:000250527800001 PM 17560753 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Caperna, TJ Ward, PJ Sartin, JL Steele, BP Li, C Kahl, S AF Elsasser, T. H. Caperna, T. J. Ward, P. J. Sartin, J. L. Steele, B. P. Li, C. Kahl, S. TI Modeling growth factor activity during proinflammatory stress: Methodological considerations in assessing cytokine modulation of IGF binding proteins released by cultured bovine kidney epithelial cells SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress; cytokines; IGF-1; binding proteins; epithelial cell; protease ID FACTOR-I; TRANSGENIC MICE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NUTRITIONAL MODULATION; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GENE-TRANSFER; HORMONE; LINE; AXIS; INHIBITION AB The present research was conducted to model potential mechanisms through which IGFBPs might be affected by a key proinflammatory response initiating cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)-alpha. Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells, known to release IGFBPs in response to several stimuli, were grown Linder several conditions and challenged with forskolin (F) or recombinant TNF-alpha for 24 h. Forskolin increased IGFBP-3 gene expression and media content of BP-3 protein. TNF-alpha increased basal and augmented F-mediated IGFBP-3 gene expression. However, TNF-a effects on the measurable media content of IGFBPs were influenced by culture conditions; in the absence of added protease inhibitors (PIs) or sufficient media albumin concentration (high BSA, 1 mg/ml), the effect of TNF-a was to decrease (P < 0.02) measurable IGFBPs. In the presence of PI and high BSA, media IGFBP-3 levels were shown to be increased by TNF-a consistent with the gene expression data. Changes in media IGFBP-3 protease activity were examined further to explain the observed effects of TNF-a on production and destruction of IGFBPs in media. When recombinant human IGFBP-3 (500 ng/ml) was added to PI-free, low BSA 100 mu g/ml) media from TNF-treated MDBK cells, less than 10% of the BP-3 was recognizable by Western blot in 30 min; conversely, inclusion of High BSA and PI in media resulted in attenuation of the protease effect on the IGFBPs. The data suggest that the MDBK model of cellular response to proinflammatory stimulus is affected by culture conditions and that TNF-alpha affects media content of IGFBPs through effects on IGFBP gene expression coupled with degradation of IGFBPs via enhanced proteolytic enzyme release. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, B-200,Rm 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.08.003 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225OS UT WOS:000250527800003 PM 17029675 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DM Hufbauer, RA AF Blumenthal, Dana M. Hufbauer, Ruth A. TI Increased plant size in exotic populations: A common-garden test with 14 invasive species SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; defense; evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA); exotic plant species; invasive species; microevolution; weed ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; ESCHSCHOLZIA-CALIFORNICA; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; ENEMY RELEASE; EVOLUTION AB The "evolution of increased competitive ability'' (EICA) hypothesis predicts that exotic species will adapt to reduced herbivore pressure by losing costly defenses in favor of competitive ability. Previous studies often support the prediction that plants from exotic populations will be less well defended than plants from native populations. However, results are mixed with respect to the question of whether plants from exotic populations have become more competitive. In a common-garden experiment involving plants from two native and two exotic populations of 14 different invasive species, we tested whether exotic plants generally grow larger than conspecific native plants, and whether patterns of relative growth depend on the intensity of competition. We found a quite consistent pattern of larger exotic than native plants, but only in the absence of competition. These results suggest that invasive species may often evolve increased growth, and that increased growth may facilitate adaptation to noncompetitive environments. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Blumenthal, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 38 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2758 EP 2765 DI 10.1890/06-2115.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233CL UT WOS:000251067900012 PM 18051644 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Cheng, WX AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Cheng, Weixin TI Interactions between soil and tree roots accelerate long-term soil carbon decomposition SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE C labelling; decomposition; Fremont cottonwood; Ponderosa pine; priming effect; rhizosphere; roots; SOC turnover; soil organic carbon; tree species ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; RHIZOSPHERE; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION; FOREST; DIVERSITY AB Decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main process governing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere from terrestrial systems. Although the importance of soil-root interactions for SOC decomposition has increasingly been recognized, their long-term effect on SOC decomposition remains poorly understood. Here we provide experimental evidence for a rhizosphere priming effect, in which interactions between soil and tree roots substantially accelerate SOC decomposition. In a 395-day greenhouse study with Ponderosa pine and Fremont cottonwood trees grown in three different soils, SOC decomposition in the planted treatments was significantly greater (up to 225%) than in soil incubations alone. This rhizosphere priming effect persisted throughout the experiment, until well after initial soil disturbance, and increased with a greater amount of root-derived SOC formed during the experiment. Loss of old SOC was greater than the formation of new C, suggesting that increased C inputs from roots could result in net soil C loss. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), Crops Res Lab, USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; Cheng, Weixin/F-4968-2011; OI Cheng, Weixin/0000-0003-2964-2376; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 NR 34 TC 90 Z9 110 U1 11 U2 111 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1046 EP 1053 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01095.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216MS UT WOS:000249882700004 PM 17910623 ER PT J AU Yepez, EA Scott, RL Cable, WL Williams, DG AF Yepez, Enrico A. Scott, Russell L. Cable, William L. Williams, David G. TI Intraseasonal variation in water and carbon dioxide flux components in a semiarid riparian woodland SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; keeling plots; transpiration; evaporation; gross ecosystem production; ecosystem respiration; water-use efficiency; mesquite; prosopis; understory ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LEAF WATER; NONSTEADY STATE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; PULSES; SOILS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB We investigated how the distribution of precipitation over a growing season influences the coupling of carbon and water cycle components in a semiarid floodplain woodland dominated by the deep-rooted velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina). Gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (R (eco)) were frequently uncoupled because of their different sensitivities to growing season rainfall. Soon after the first monsoon rains, R (eco) was high and was not proportional to slight increases in GEP. During the wettest month of the growing season (July), the system experienced a net carbon loss equivalent to 46% of the carbon accumulated over the 6-month study period (114 g C m(-2) ; May-October). It appears that a large CO2 efflux and a rapid water loss following precipitation early in the growing season and a later CO2 gain is a defining characteristic of seasonally dry ecosystems. The relative contribution of plant transpiration (T) to total evapotranspiration (ET) (T/ET) was 0.90 for the entire growing season, with T/ET reaching a value of 1 during dry conditions and dropping to as low as 0.65 when the soil surface was wet. The evaporation fraction (E) was equivalent to 31% of the precipitation received during the study period (253 mm) whereas trees and understory vegetation transpired 38 and 31%, respectively, of this water source. The water-use efficiency of the vegetation (GEP/T) was higher later in the growing season when the C4 grassy understory was fully developed. The influence of rain on net ecosystem production (NEP) can be interpreted as the proportion of precipitation that is transpired by the plant community; the water-use efficiency of the vegetation and the precipitation fraction that is lost by evaporation. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources & Botany, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Yepez, EA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM yepezglz@unm.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014; Yepez, Enrico/C-2802-2014; Yepez, Enrico/C-6901-2008 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260; Yepez, Enrico/0000-0003-4746-573X NR 42 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1100 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9079-y PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HJ UT WOS:000251224000004 ER PT J AU Gaige, E Dail, DB Hollinger, DY Davidson, EA Fernandez, IJ Sievering, H White, A Halteman, W AF Gaige, E. Dail, D. B. Hollinger, D. Y. Davidson, E. A. Fernandez, I. J. Sievering, H. White, A. Halteman, W. TI Changes in canopy processes following whole-forest canopy nitrogen fertilization of a mature spruce-hemlock forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; canopy fertilization; canopy N retention; throughfall; stemflow; N-15 tracer ID POLLUTED MIST TREATMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NORWAY SPRUCE; FIR STAND; THROUGHFALL CHEMISTRY; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; CARBON STORAGE; ALPINE FOREST AB Most experimental additions of nitrogen to forest ecosystems apply the N to the forest floor, bypassing important processes taking place in the canopy, including canopy retention of N and/or conversion of N from one form to another. To quantify these processes, we carried out a large-scale experiment and determined the fate of nitrogen applied directly to a mature coniferous forest canopy in central Maine (18-20 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) as NH4NO3 applied as a mist using a helicopter). In 2003 and 2004 we measured NO3-, NH4+, and total dissolved N (TDN) in canopy throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) events after each of two growing season applications. Dissolved organic N (DON) was greater than 80% of the TDN under ambient inputs; however NO3- accounted for more than 50% of TF N in the treated plots, followed by NH4+ (35%) and DON (15%). Although NO3- was slightly more efficiently retained by the canopy under ambient inputs, canopy retention of NH4+ as a percent of inputs increased markedly under fertilization. Recovery of less than 30% of the fertilizer N in TF suggested that the forest canopy retained more than 70% of the applied N (> 80% when corrected for N which bypassed tree surfaces at the time of fertilizer addition). Results from plots receiving N-15 enriched NO3- and NH4+ confirmed bulk N estimations that more NO3- than NH4+ was washed from the canopy by wet deposition. The isotope data did not show evidence of canopy nitrification, as has been reported in other spruce forests receiving much higher N inputs. Conversions of fertilizer-N to DON were observed in TF for both (NH4+)-N-15 and (NO3-)-N-15 additions, and occurred within days of the application. Subsequent rain events were not significantly enriched in N-15, suggesting that canopy DON formation was a rapid process related to recent N inputs to the canopy. We speculate that DON may arise from lichen and/or microbial N cycling rather than assimilation and re-release by tree tissues in this forest. Canopy retention of experimentally added N may meet and exceed calculated annual forest tree demand, although we do not know what fraction of retained N was actually physiologically assimilated by the plants. The observed retention and transformation of DIN within the canopy demonstrate that the fate and ecosystem consequences of N inputs from atmospheric deposition are likely influenced by forest canopy processes, which should be considered in N addition studies. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, Northern Reg Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Dail, DB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM bryan.dail@maine.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 60 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9081-4 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HJ UT WOS:000251224000006 ER PT J AU Popham, HJR Shelby, KS AF Popham, Holly J. R. Shelby, Kent S. TI Effect of inorganic and organic forms of selenium supplementation on development of larval Heliothis virescens SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE sodium selenite; sodium selenate; selenocystine; selenomethionine; Sel-Plex (TM); Lepidoptera; Noctuidae ID BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; DIETARY SELENIUM; ACCUMULATION; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; MICRONUTRIENTS; PREFERENCES; RESISTANCE AB Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for vertebrates though little is known about the effects on insects. Herbivorous insect larvae acquire Se from plant tissues in the inorganic form of sodium selenate and sodium selenite, and in the organic form of selenoamino acids, selenomethionine, and selenocystine. In this study, we document the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenocystine, selenomethionine, and selenized yeast on the developmental rate of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae tolerated high levels of Se (500 mu g g(-1) Se) as sodium selenate and to a lesser extent as selenocystine. Lower levels of sodium selenite (> 1 mu g g(-1) Se) caused increased mortality, reduced rates of pupation, more pupal/adult intermediates, and reduced adult emergence. Selenomethionine proved toxic to larvae at levels above 25 mu g g(-1) Se, significantly delaying pupation and raising mortality. Provision of Se as selenized yeast, which contains primarily selenomethionine, was also extremely detrimental to larval development and survival. The results indicate that the impact of dietary Se supplement for insects may differ from vertebrates. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM pophamh@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 125 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00609.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 221YA UT WOS:000250262100008 ER PT J AU Fletcher, AL Sinclair, TR Allen, LH AF Fletcher, Andrew L. Sinclair, Thomas R. Allen, L. Hartwell, Jr. TI Transpiration responses to vapor pressure deficit in well watered 'slow-wilting' and commercial soybean SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE slow-wilting; soybean; transpiration; vapor pressure deficit ID USE EFFICIENCY; PLANT INTRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; FIELD; DROUGHT; HUMIDITY; SORGHUM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY AB Slow-wilting has been observed in several soybean genotypes as a phenotypic response to drought stress. This trait has been proposed as useful in improving the yield of soybean under drought conditions, but the exact nature of the trait is unresolved. This research explored the hypothesis that slow-wilting is an expression of soil water conservation that results from a plant-imposed limitation on maximum transpiration rate. Therefore, gas exchange by slow-wilting and commercial genotypes was measured over a range of atmospheric vapor pressured deficit (VPD). Two experiments were undertaken to examine the response by whole plants and by plant canopies. The results showed that indeed the slow-wilting genotypes reached a maximum transpiration rate at a VPD of about 2.0 kPa with little or no further increase in transpiration rate above this value as VPD was increased. In contrast, the commercial cultivars showed continued increases in transpiration rate as VPD was increased above 2.0 kPa. These results indicated that the slow-wilting trait would be especially desirable in low humidity (high VPD) environments where water deficits commonly develop in the later part of the season. In these environments, restricted transpiration rate during the middle of the day with high vapor pressure deficit would result in water conservation allowing for both increased yield and water use efficiency. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@ifas.ufl.edu RI Fletcher, Andrew/G-3915-2010; Fletcher, Andrew/J-7183-2013 NR 24 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.05.004 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VG UT WOS:000250042700005 ER PT J AU Flowers, MD Fiscus, EL Burkey, KO Booker, FL Dubois, JJB AF Flowers, Michael D. Fiscus, Edwin L. Burkey, Kent O. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. TI Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE snap bean; ozone sensitivity; photosynthesis; hormesis; air pollution ID ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH; ASSIMILATION; LEAVES; CONDUCTANCE; RADIATION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; FLUX AB Understanding the impact of pollutant ozone (O-3) is a concern for agricultural production. This work was undertaken as the first comparative study of the effects Of O-3 on the photosynthetic processes and yield of three snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes with known differences in sensitivity to O-3 (S156, R123 and R331). Previous information showed R123 and R331 to be tolerant and S156 sensitive. The purpose was to identify physiological subsystems that may mediate those differences in sensitivity. Plants were grown in environmentally controlled field chambers with four levels Of O-3 (0, 15, 30 and 60 nmol mol(-1)). Net assimilation (A) and fluorescence were measured throughout the growing season and yield data were collected at physiological maturity. All genotypes were tolerant of low O-3 (<30 nmol mol(-1)) but the highest O-3 significantly reduced the yield in all three, with R331 and S156 being equally sensitive on a unit exposure basis. Yield reductions were correlated with A, especially during pod filling. No genotype showed any significant response of stomatal conductance (g(s)) indicating equal O-3 fluxes into the leaves in all genotypes. Mesophyll conductance (g(m)) was affected in S156 only, where it was reduced by 55% at 60 nmol mol(-1) O-3. There was an upward trend in F-0, and a downward trend in the variable fluorescence ratio (F-v/F-m) with increasing O-3 for S156 but not for the other genotypes. S156 was the only genotype to show significant decreases in photochemical quenching (q(p)) and R123 the only one to show significant decreases in non-photochemical quenching (q(n)). The sequence of loss of Rubisco content and/or activity and changes in g(m), F-0, and F-v/F-m could not be resolved in time and may all have been the result of generalized tissue destruction rather than sequential attack on individual subsystems. S156 had the highest photosynthetic rate in clean air but appeared to have no significant capacity to protect Rubisco from attack or to up-regulate Rubisco activity at high O-3, thus there was no reserve capacity, while R123 was able to maintain both Rubisco activity and A within narrow ranges. These data suggest that S156 has comparatively little anti-oxidant capacity and/or is deficient in its ability to regulate Rubisco activity. For future studies the best contrasts for resolving questions of physiological sensitivity to O-3 would be obtained from R123 and S156. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Fiscus, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM Mike.Flowers@oregonstate.edu; Ed.Fiscus@ars.usda.gov; Kent.Burkey@ars.usda.gov; Fitz.Booker@ars.usda.gov; Jean-Jacques.Dubois@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 69 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.05.009 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VG UT WOS:000250042700011 ER PT J AU Polyakov, V Fares, A Kubo, D Jacobi, J Smith, C AF Polyakov, V. Fares, A. Kubo, D. Jacobi, J. Smith, C. TI Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE watershed; modeling; AnnAGNPS; erosion; water quality ID AGNPS MODEL; SOIL-EROSION; SCALE; SEDIMENT; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; RAINFALL; SYSTEM; FOREST AB Impaired water quality caused by human activity and the spread of invasive plant and animal species has been identified as a major factor of degradation of coastal ecosystems in the tropics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualized Non-Point Source Pollution Model), in simulating runoff and soil erosion in a 48 km(2) watershed located on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. The model was calibrated and validated using 2 years of observed stream flow and sediment load data. Alternative scenarios of spatial rainfall distribution and canopy interception were evaluated. Monthly runoff volumes predicted by AnnAGNPS compared well with the measured data (R-2 = 0.90, P < 0.05); however, up to 60% difference between the actual and simulated runoff were observed during the driest months (May and July). Prediction of daily runoff was less accurate (R-2 = 0.55, P < 0.05). Predicted and observed sediment yield on a daily basis was poorly correlated (R-2 = 0.5, P < 0.05). For the events of small magnitude, the model generally overestimated sediment yield, while the opposite was true for larger events. Total monthly sediment yield varied within 50% of the observed values, except for May 2004. Among the input parameters the model was most sensitive to the values of ground residue cover and canopy cover. It was found that approximately one third of the watershed area had low sediment yield (0-1 t ha(-1) Y-1), and presented limited erosion threat. However, 5% of the area had sediment yields in excess of 5 t ha(-1) y(-1). Overall, the model performed reasonably well, and it can be used as a management too] on tropical watersheds to estimate and compare sediment loads, and identify "hot spots" on the landscape. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Polyakov, V (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM viktor@hawaii.edu NR 43 TC 39 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1617 EP 1627 DI 10.1016/j.envost.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192WD UT WOS:000248233200006 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. TI Mapping broom snakeweed through image analysis of color-infrared photography and digital imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE color-infrared photography; color-infrared digital imagery; unsupervised image analysis-accuracy assessment; Gutierrezia sarothrae ID GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE; PICLORAM AB A study was conducted on a south Texas rangeland area to evaluate aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography and CIR digital imagery combined with unsupervised image analysis techniques to map broom snakeweed [Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh.) Britt. and Rusby]. Accuracy assessments performed on computer-classified maps of photographic images from two sites had mean producer's and user's accuracies for broom snakeweed of 98.3 and 88.3%, respectively; whereas, accuracy assessments performed on classified maps from digital images of the same two sites had mean producer's and user's accuracies for broom snakeweed of 98.3 and 92.8%, respectively. These results indicate that CIR photography and CIR digital imagery combined with image analysis techniques can be used successfully to map broom snakeweed infestations on south Texas rangelands. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1-3 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9619-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226ZA UT WOS:000250625800020 PM 17295105 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Franzluebbers, AJ Weyers, SL Reicosky, DC AF Johnson, Jane M. -F. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Weyers, Sharon Lachnicht Reicosky, Donald C. TI Agricultural opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; GRACEnet; greenhouse gas; methane; nitrous oxide; organic agriculture; soil carbon sequestration ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; 19TH CONSECUTIVE YEAR; DIFFERENT LAND-USE; ZEA-MAYS L.; LONG-TERM; METHANE EMISSIONS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Agriculture is a source for three primary greenhouse gases (GHGs): CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O- It can also be a sink for CO(2) through C sequestration into biomass products and soil organic matter. We summarized the literature on GHG emissions and C sequestration, providing a perspective on how agriculture can reduce its GHG burden and how it can help to mitigate GHG emissions through conservation measures. Impacts of agricultural practices and systems on GHG emission are reviewed and potential trade-offs among potential mitigation options are discussed. Conservation practices that help prevent soil erosion, may also sequester soil C and enhance CH(4) consumption. Managing N to match crop needs can reduce N(2)O emission and avoid adverse impacts on water quality. Manipulating animal diet and manure management can reduce CH(4) and N(2)O emission from animal agriculture. All segments of agriculture have management options that can reduce agriculture's environmental footprint. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 220 TC 184 Z9 204 U1 15 U2 162 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 IS 1 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.030 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236AU UT WOS:000251276200010 PM 17706849 ER PT J AU Paz-Alberto, AM Sigua, GC Bauil, BG Te, JAP AF Paz-Alberto, Annie Melinda Sigua, Gilbert C. Bauil, Bellrose G. Te, Jacqueline A. Pruden. TI Phytoextraction of lead-contaminated soil using vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanloides l.), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica l.) and carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum l.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accumulation; carabaograss; cogongrass; contamination; lead; phytoextraction; phytoremediation; survival; vetivergrass ID HEAVY-METALS; FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY; DREDGED MATERIALS; LAKE PANASOFFKEE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; AGRICULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; PLANTS; EFFICACY AB Background, Aims and Scope. The global problem concerning contamination of the environment as a consequence of human activities is increasing. Most of the environmental contaminants are chemical by-products and heavy metals such as lead (Pb). Lead released into the environment makes its way into the air, soil and water. Lead contributes to a variety of health effects such as decline in mental, cognitive and physical health of the individual. An alternative way of reducing Pb concentration from the soil is through phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is an alternative method that uses plants to clean up a contaminated area. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the survival rate and vegetative characteristics of three grass species such as vetivergrass, cogongrass and carabaograss grown in soils with different Pb levels; and (2) to determine and compare the ability of the three grass species as potential phytoremediators in terms of Pb accumulation by plants. Methods, The three test plants: vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.); cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.); and carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum L.) were grown in individual plastic bags containing soils with 75 mg kg(-1) (37.5 kg ha(-1)) and 150 mg kg-1 (75 kg-ha(-1)) of Pb, respectively. The Pb contents of the test plants and the soil were analyzed before and after experimental treatments using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study was laid out following a 3 x 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Results. On the vegetative characteristics of the test plants, vetivergrass registered the highest whole plant dry matter weight (33.85-39.39 Mg ha(-1)). Carabaograss had the lowest herbage mass production of 4.12 Mg ha(-1) and 5.72 Mg ha(-1) from soils added with 75 and 150 mg Pb kg(-1), respectively. Vetivergrass also had the highest percent plant survival which meant it best tolerated the Pb contamination in soils. Vetivergrass registered the highest rate of Pb absorption (10.16 +/- 2.81 mg kg(-1)). This was followed by cogongrass (2.34 +/- 0.52 mg kg(-1)) and carabaograss with a mean Pb level of 0.49 +/- 0.56 mg kg(-1). Levels of Pb among the three grasses (shoots + roots) did not vary significantly with the amount of Ph added (75 and 150 mg kg(-1)) to the soil. Discussion. Vetivergrass yielded the highest biomass; it also has the greatest amount of Ph absorbed (roots + shoots). This can be attributed to the highly extensive root system of vetivergrass with the presence of an enormous amount of root hairs. Extensive root system denotes more contact to nutrients in soils, therefore more likelihood of nutrient absorption and Ph uptake. The efficiency of plants as phytoremediators could be correlated with the plants' total biomass. This implies that the higher the biomass, the greater the Ph uptake. Plants chai characteristically exhibit remarkable capacity to absorb what they need and exclude what they do not need. Some plants utilize exclusion mechanisms, where there is a reduced uptake by the roots or a restricted transport of the metals from root to shoots. Combination of high metal accumulation and high biomass production results in the most metal removal from the soil. Conclusions. The present study indicated that vetivergrass possessed many beneficial characteristics to uptake Ph from con- taminated soil. It was the most tolerant and could grow in soil contaminated with high Ph concentration. Cogongrass and carabaograss are also potential phytoremediators since they can absorb small amount of Ph in soils, although cogongrass is more tolerant to Pb-contaminated soil compared with carabaograss. The important implication of our findings is that vetivergrass can be used for phytoextraction on sites contaminated with high levels of heavy metals, particularly Pb. Recommendations and Perspectives. High levels of Ph in localized areas are still a concern especially in urban areas with high levels of traffic, near Ph smelters, battery plants, or industrial facilities that burn fuel ending up in water and soils. The grasses used in the study, and particularly vetivergrass, can be used to phytoremediate urban soil with various contaminations by planting these grasses in lawns and public parks. C1 USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Agr Res Serv, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Cent Luzon State Univ, Inst Grad Studies, Environm Management Dept, Sci City Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Agr Res Serv, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 24 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1065/espr2007.05415 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229PW UT WOS:000250817500014 PM 18062482 ER PT J AU Uera, RB Paz-Alberto, AM Sigua, GC AF Uera, Raynato B. Paz-Alberto, Annie Melinda Sigua, Gilbert C. TI Phytoremediation potentials of selected tropical plants for ethidium bromide SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethidium bromide (EtBr); hazardous; mutagenic; phytoremediation; tropical plants ID FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY; DREDGED MATERIALS; LAKE PANASOFFKEE; AGRICULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; EFFICACY; SOIL AB Background, Aims and Scope. Research and development has its own benefits and inconveniences. One of the inconveniences is the generation of enormous quantity of diverse toxic and hazardous wastes and its eventual contamination to soil and groundwater resources. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is one of the commonly used substances in molecular biology experiments. It is highly mutagenic and moderately toxic substance used in DNA-staining during electrophoresis. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve chemical contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. The technology has been utilized to clean up soil and groundwater from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds in many countries like the United States, Russia, and most of European countries. Phytoremediation requires somewhat limited resources and very useful in treating wide variety of environmental contaminants. This study aimed to assess the potential of selected tropical plants as phytoremediators of EtBr. Materials and Methods. This study used tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), mustard (Brassica alba), vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizamoedes), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum), and talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) to remove EtBr from laboratory wastes. The six tropical plants were planted in individual plastic bags containing soil and 10% EtBr-stained agarose gel. The plants were allowed to establish and grow in soil for 30 days. Ethidium bromide content of the test plants and the soil were analyzed before and after soil treatment. Ethidium bromide contents of the plants and soils were analyzed using an UV VIS spectrophotometer. Results. Results showed a highly significant (p: 0.001) difference in the ability of the tropical plants to absorb EtBr from soils. Mustard registered the highest absorption of EtBr (1.4 +/- 0.12 mu g kg(-1)) followed by tomato and vetivergrass with average uptake of 1.0 +/- 0.23 and 0.7 +/- 0.17 mu g kg(-1) EtBr, respectively. Cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss had the least amount of EtBr absorbed (0.2 +/- 0.6 mu g kg(-1)). Ethidium bromide content of soil planted to mustard was reduced by 10.7%. This was followed by tomato with an average reduction of 8.1%. Only 5.6% reduction was obtained from soils planted to vetivergrass. Soils planted to cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss had the least reduction of 1.52% from its initial EtBr content. Discussion. In this study, mustard, tomato, and vetivergrass have shown their ability to absorb EtBr from contaminated soil keeping them from expanding their reach into the environment and preventing further contamination. Its downside, however, is that living creatures including humans, fish, and birds, must be prevented from eating the plants that utilized these substances. Nonetheless, it is still easier to isolate, cut down, and remove plants growing on the surface of the contaminated matrices, than to use strong acids and permanganates to chemically neutralize a dangerous process that can further contaminate the environment and pose additional risks to humans. Though this alter- native method does not totally eliminate eventual environmental contamination, it is by far produces extremely insignificant amount of by-products compared with the existing processes and technologies. Conclusions. Mustard had the highest potential as phytoremediator of EtBr in soil. However, the absorption capabilities of the other test plants may also be considered in terms of period of maturity and productivity. Recommendations and Perspectives. It is recommended that a more detailed and complete investigation of the phytoremediation properties of the different plants tested should be conducted in actual field experiments. Plants should be exposed until they reach maturity to establish their maximum response to the toxicity and mutagenecity of EtBr and their maximum absorbing capabilities. Different plant parts should be analyzed individually to determine the movement and translocation of EtBr from soil to the tissues of plants. Since this study has established that some plants can thrive and dwell in EtBr-treated soil, an increased amount of EtBr application should be explored in future studies. It is suggested therefore that a larger, more comprehensive exploration of phytoremediation application in the management of toxic and hazardous wastes emanating from biotechnology research activities should be considered especially on the use of vetivergrass, a very promising tropical perennial grass. C1 USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Agr Res Serv, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Cent Luzon State Univ, Environm Management Dept, Inst Grad Studies, Sci City Munoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Agr Res Serv, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1065/espr2007.02.391 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229PW UT WOS:000250817500015 PM 18062483 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Hapeman, CJ Mcconnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Mccarty, GW Abdul-Baki, AA Starr, JL AF Rice, Pamela J. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Mcconnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. Teasdale, John R. Coffman, C. Benjamin Mccarty, Gregory W. Abdul-Baki, Aref A. Starr, James L. TI Evaluation of vegetable production management practices to reduce the ecological risk of pesticides SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable production; pesticide; hazard potential; risk quotient; vegetative mulch ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ACUTE TOXICITY; PLASTIC MULCH; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; CROP PROTECTANTS; VEGETATIVE MULCH; RAINBOW-TROUT; RUNOFF; ENDOSULFAN AB The ability of agricultural management practices to reduce the ecological risks of pesticides was evaluated. Risk quotients, a mathematical description of the relationship between exposure and toxicity, and hazard ratings, a rank of the potential risk of pesticides to aquatic environments, were calculated for conventional and alternative cultivation practices for tomatoes: Poly-Bare, raised beds covered with polyethylene mulch with bare-soil furrows; Poly-Rye, raised beds covered with polyethylene mulch with cereal rye (Secale cereale) grown in the furrows; and Vetch, raised beds and furrows planted with hairy vetch seed (Vicia villosa). Evaluations were conducted using measured pesticide concentrations in runoff at the edge-of-field and estimated environmental concentrations in an adjacent creek and a theoretical pond receiving the runoff. Runoff from Poly-Bare presented the greatest risk to ecosystem health and to sensitive organisms, whereas the use of Vetch minimized these risks. Previous studies have shown that harvest yields were maintained and that runoff volume, soil loss, and off-site transport of pesticides measured in runoff were reduced using the alternative management practices (Poly-Rye and Vetch). Together, these results indicate that the alternative management practices (Poly-Rye and Vetch) have a less adverse impact on the environment than the conventional management practice (Poly-Bare) while providing growers with an acceptable economic return. In addition, the present study demonstrates the need to consider the management practice when assessing the potential risks and hazards for certain pesticides. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 191 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamela.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2455 EP 2464 DI 10.1897/06-656R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221XM UT WOS:000250260700026 PM 17941735 ER PT J AU Rines, HW Porter, HL Carson, ML Ochocki, GE AF Rines, H. W. Porter, H. L. Carson, M. L. Ochocki, G. E. TI Introgression of crown rust resistance from diploid oat Avena strigosa into hexaploid cultivated oat A sativa by two methods: direct crosses and through an initial 2x center dot 4x synthetic hexaploid SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Avena; interploidy hybridization; introgression; oat crown rust; Puccinia coronata; suppressor gene ID PUCCINIA-CORONATA; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; MILDEW RESISTANCE; STEM RUST; LEAF RUST; GENE; WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION AB New sources of resistance to crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Eriks.), the major fungal disease of cultivated oat, Avena sativa L. (2n = 6x = 42), are constantly needed due to frequent, rapid shifts in the virulence pattern of the pathogen. Crown rust resistance identified in the diploid oat A. strigosa (Schreb.) (2n = 2x = 14) accession CI6954SP was transferred into cultivated oat using two methods: direct cross of the diploid to a hexaploid cultivar facilitated by embryo rescue, and initial cross of the diploid to a wild tetraploid oat to make a synthetic hexaploid for subsequent crossing to a hexaploid cultivar. Two tetraploids, a crown rust resistant A. murphyi (Ladiz.) accession P12 and a susceptible A. insularis (Ladiz.) accession INS-1, were used in the 2x center dot 4x crosses. Resistant backcross-derived lines were recovered by both methods. Although the 2x center dot 4x synthetic method did not require the laborious discovery and rescue of an infrequent initial hybrid embryo of the direct cross, the direct cross method provided more rapid backcross recovery of plants with high fertility, full transmission of resistance, and desired plant and seed phenotypes. A suppressor effect, present initially but segregating in backcrosses, appeared to come from the CI6954SP donor and is the same as, or analogous to, suppression by an oat line with the crown rust resistance gene Pc38. No resistance from A. murphyi P12 was detected in advanced generations when it was introduced either as a component of a synthetic hexaploid or in direct crosses to A. sativa, indicating suppression of its resistance in interploidy combinations. That the dominant resistance gene transferred from CI6954SP and a gene Pc94 introgressed earlier from a different A. strigosa accession may be the same or quite similar to one another is indicated by their in-common specificity to suppression of resistance expression, susceptibility to a newly recovered rust isolate, and close linkage to the molecular marker SCAR94-2. The introgressed resistance genes from the different sources, even if the same, may have different cultivar genomic introgression sites, which would allow tests of dosage effects on resistance expression. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rines, HW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,St Paul, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rines001@umn.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9426-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 219CI UT WOS:000250061900006 ER PT J AU Loper, JE Gross, H AF Loper, Joyce E. Gross, Harald TI Genomic analysis of antifungal metabolite production by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Noordwijkerhout, NETHERLANDS DE cyanide; cyclic lipopeptides; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; orphan gene clusters; pyrrolnitrin; pyoluteorin; Mcf toxin ID BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; SUGAR-BEET RHIZOSPHERE; BLACK ROOT-ROT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDE; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; PYOLUTEORIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES AB The complete genomic sequences of several Pseudomonas spp. that inhabit the rhizosphere are now available, providing a new opportunity to advance knowledge of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through genomics. Among these is the biological control bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Nearly 6% of the 7.07 Mb genome of Pf-5 is devoted to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics toxic to soilborne fungi and Oomycetes that infect plant roots, and two siderophores involved in iron acquisition. Three orphan gene clusters, for which the encoded natural product was unknown, also were identified in the genome of Pf-5. The product synthesized from one of the orphan gene clusters was identified recently using a new 'genomisotopic approach', which employs a combination of genomic sequence analysis and isotope guided fractionation. Application of the genomisotopic approach to one orphan gene cluster in Pf-5 resulted in the discovery of orfamide A, founder of a new group of bioactive cyclic lipopeptides with a putative role in biological control of plant disease. C1 USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Pharmaceut Biol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM loperj@science.oregonstate.edu OI Loper, Joyce/0000-0003-3501-5969 NR 84 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9179-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 221CR UT WOS:000250205500004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Garcia, E Cruz, V Borges, S Zalamea, M Rivera, MM AF Gonzalez, Grizelle Garcia, Emerita Cruz, Veronica Borges, Sonia Zalamea, Marcela Rivera, Maria M. TI Earthworm communities along an elevation gradient in Northeastern Puerto Rico SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE8) CY SEP 04-09, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND DE earthworms; tropics; mature forests; natives; Puerto Rico ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOILS; FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; ROOT AB In this study. we describe earthworm communities along an elevation gradient of eight forest types in Northeastern Puerto Rico, and determine whether their abundance, biomass and/or diversity is related to climatic, soil physical/chemical and/or biotic characteristics. We found that the density, biomass, and diversity of worms varied significantly among forest types. The density of earthworms was highest in the Pterocarpus forest. In terms of biomass, both elfin and the Pterocarpus forests had the highest values. The number of earthworm species significantly increased as elevation and annual rainfall increased and air temperature decreased. We conclude that differences in earthworm species richness along this elevation gradient may be due to a combination of biotic and soil physical and chemical factors. Soil pH and root length density are important predictors of number of worm species along this elevation gradient. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Gonzalez, Grizelle; Cruz, Veronica; Zalamea, Marcela; Rivera, Maria M.] USDA, FS Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Garcia, Emerita; Borges, Sonia] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), USDA, FS Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. EM g-onzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 BP S24 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.08.044 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 243MZ UT WOS:000251803300006 ER PT J AU Qin, B Oshida, Y Li, P Kubota, M Nagasaki, M Sato, Y AF Qin, Bolin Oshida, Yoshiharu Li, Ping Kubota, Masakazu Nagasaki, Masaru Sato, Yuzo TI Voluntary running improves in vivo insulin resistance in high-salt diet-fed rats SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE high-salt; insulin resistance; voluntary running; Akt; GLUT4 ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RECEPTOR SUBSTRATES 1; OBESE ZUCKER RATS; FAT-FED RATS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; GLUT-4 PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; EXERCISE AB It is well known that exercise training, including voluntary running (VR), improves insulin resistance. However, the effect of VR on insulin resistance induced by high salt intake is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether VR would improve the glucose utilization in normal male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-salt diet (HSD) on 2-week early prevention and 1-week midway intervention protocols. In vivo glucose utilization was measured by euglycemic clamp technique. Further analyses of the possible changes in insulin signaling occurring in skeletal muscle were performed by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The glucose infusion rates (GIRs) after 2 weeks of HSD feeding were decreased (HSD vs. control: 21.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 27 +/- 0.5 mg/kg body wt/min; P< 0.05), and improved by 2 weeks VR to 30.5 +/- 1.5 mg/kg body wt/min. Additionally, the GIRs after 3 weeks of HSD feeding were decreased (HSD vs. control: 20.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 26.5 +/- 0.6 mg/kg body wt/min; P < 0.05), and they also improved by the third week of VR (28.5 +/- 0.7 mg/kg body wt/min vs. sedentary; P < 0.01). There were no differences in skeletal muscle for the total mass of insulin receptor-beta (IR-P), IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in any of the groups of 2 weeks of HSD loading control and VR. VR did not regulate the enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR-beta and IRS-1 by 2 weeks of HSD feeding. However, the enhanced serine phosphorylation of Akt and the tyrosine phosphorylation of GLUT4 were significantly inhibited by the early VR. HSD also impaired GLUT4 content in the plasma membrane and mRNA expression, but the decreases were improved by 2 weeks of VR. These results suggest that early voluntary exercise would prevent the development of insulin resistance induced by an HSD due in part by enhancing the impaired GLUT4 translocation and mRNA expression in skeletal muscle. C1 Nagoya Univ, Res Ctr Hlth Phys Fitness & Sports, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Aichi Gakuin Univ, Fac Psychol & Phys Sci, Nisshin 4700195, Japan. RP Qin, B (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bolin.Qin@ars.usda.gov; satoy@dpc.aichi-gakuin.ac.jp NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 232 IS 10 BP 1330 EP 1337 DI 10.3181/0704-RM-107 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 224VB UT WOS:000250473600010 PM 17959846 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV AF Capuco, Anthony V. TI Identification of putative bovine mammary epithelial stem cells by their retention of labeled DNA strands SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE progenitor cells; estrogen receptor; mammary cell proliferation; label retaining cells; bromodeoxyuridine ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN BREAST; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; SELECTIVE SEGREGATION; STEROID-RECEPTORS; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; IN-VIVO; PROLIFERATION; GROWTH; CYCLE AB Stem cells appear to retain labeled DNA for extended periods because of their selective segregation of template DNA strands during mitosis. In this study, proliferating cells in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland were labeled using five daily injections of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Five weeks later, BrdU-Iabeled mammary epithelial cells were still evident. The percentage of BrdU-Iabeled epithelial cells was greatest in the lower region of the mammary gland, near the gland cistern, and was decreased toward the periphery of the parenchymal region, where the ducts were invading the mammary fat pad. Increased numbers of BrdU-Iabeled epithelial cells in basal regions of the gland are likely a consequence of decreased proliferation rates and increased cell cycle arrest in this area. In peripheral regions of mammary parenchyma, the percentage of heavily labeled epithelial cells averaged 0.24%, a number that is consistent with estimates of the frequency of stem cells in the mouse mammary gland. Epithelial label-retaining cells seemingly represent a slowly proliferating population of cells, as 5.4% of heavily labeled cells were positive for the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki67. Because epithelial label-retaining cells contain estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive cells, they apparently comprise a mixed population, which I suggest is composed of ER-negative stem cells and ER-positive progenitors. Continuing studies will address the usefulness of this technique to identify bovine mammary stem cells and to facilitate studies of stem cell biology. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 200,Room 14 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tony.capuco@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 232 IS 10 BP 1381 EP 1390 DI 10.3181/0703-RM-58 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 224VB UT WOS:000250473600015 PM 17959851 ER PT J AU Vavra, J Becnel, JJ AF Vavra, Jiri Becnel, James J. TI Vavraia culicis (Weiser, 1947) Weiser, 1977 revisited: cytological characterisation of a Vavraia culicis-like microsporidium isolated from mosquitoes in Florida and the establishment of Vavraia culicis floridensis subsp n. SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE microsporidia; mosquitoes; Vavraia; ultrastructure; light microscopic cytology ID TRACHIPLEISTOPHORA-HOMINIS; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; PHYLUM-MICROSPORA; CULEX-FATIGANS; PARASITE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; PROTOZOA; SUBUNIT AB A brief nomenclatural history of Vavraia culicis (Weiser, 1947), the type species for the genus Vavraia Weiser, 1977, is presented together with a detailed description of the cytological and ultrastructural characteristics of a Vavraia culicis-like microsporidian species isolated from Aedes albopictus (Scuse) in Florida. This "Florida isolate", is the only known isolate of a species of the genus Vavraia from mosquitoes propagated in laboratory culture. Although the Florida isolate has been used under the name Vavraia culicis in several molecular phylogeny and host-parasite studies, it has not been structurally characterized and its relationship to the type species Vavraia culicis has never been examined. Structural data strongly support placement of the Florida isolate within the genus Vavraia and indicate its close relationship to both the type species of the genus and to other Vavraia-like mosquito microsporidia to which the name V. culicis has been applied. However, the identity of the Florida isolate with V. culicis (Weiser, 1947) Weiser, 1977 cannot be presently confirmed. Morphometric examination of spores of several Vavraia-like microsporidia isolates from mosquitoes, including the type material of Vavraia culicis, indicates that Vavraia culicis-like microsporidia probably represent not a single species, but a group of closely related organisms. Subspecies status is proposed for the Florida isolate. C1 [Vavra, Jiri] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Inst Parasitol, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Vavra, Jiri] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Vavra, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Parasitol, Vinicna 7, Prague 12844 2, Czech Republic. EM vavrajir@natur.cuni.cz RI Vavra, Jiri/H-2157-2014 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 259 EP 271 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 245TP UT WOS:000251962000002 PM 18303767 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Vahey, DW Scott, CT Myers, GC AF Zhu, J. Y. Vahey, D. W. Scott, C. T. Myers, G. C. TI Forest thinnings for integrated lumber and paper production SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREES; WOOD C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 238SU UT WOS:000251468700003 ER PT J AU Folegatti, BS Smidt, MF Loewenstein, EF Carter, E McDonald, TP AF Folegatti, Bruno S. Smidt, Mathew F. Loewenstein, Edward F. Carter, Emily McDonald, Timothy P. TI Analysis of mechanical thinning productivity and cost for use at the wildland urban interface SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE; SKIDDERS AB Forest management in many parts of the urbanizing Southeastern U.S. is becoming more difficult due to fragmentation, alternative management objectives, and social conflicts with management activities. However, the public benefits from management of these areas are still high. This study compared the productivity and costs of mechanical thinning treatments using conventional thinning and two alternative thinning approaches in even-aged loblolly pine plantations. The alternative treatments removed more stand basal area and were intended to promote transition to uneven-aged stand management. Production studies and cost analyses were completed for conventional, heavy, and strip treatments. The conventional treatment was a fifth row and select removals to 16 m(2) ha(-1) residual basal area. The heavy treatment was a fifth row and select removals to 9 m(2) ha(-1) residual basal area. The strip treatment included a conventional thinning treatment with alternating reserve and clearcut strips established on the contour. The resulting residual basal area was 11.5 m(2) ha(-1). The alternative treatments provided substantially lower costs and higher residual values ($1 to 3 m(-3)) in the 4 ha stands but smaller advantages in 8 and 12 ha stands. The difference from lower harvest costs for the alternative treatments may enable landowners to attract interest in small acreage sales that result from fragmentation. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Folegatti, BS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM folegbs@auburn.edu; smidtmf@auburn.edu; loewenstein@auburn.edu; eacarter@fs.fed.us; mcdontp@eng.aubum.edu RI Smidt, Mathew/G-4236-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 238SU UT WOS:000251468700006 ER PT J AU Stoker, DL Pearson, RG Kretschmann, DE Tang, YF Simpson, B AF Stoker, Denise L. Pearson, R. G. Kretschmann, David E. Tang, Yifu Simpson, Bill TI Effect of press-drying on static bending properties of plantation-grown No. 2 loblolly pine lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two press-drying treatments on the static bending properties of plantation-grown, No. 2 grade, 2 by 4 loblolly pine lumber. Specimens were divided into groups containing primarily juvenile wood or primarily mature wood. The groups were subjected to three drying method-temperature/pressure combinations: (1) kiln-drying at 116 degrees C (240 degrees F), (2) press-drying at 172 or 345 kPa (25 or 50 psi), and (3) press-drying at 177 or 2 10 degrees C (350 or 410 degrees F). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), work to maximum load (WML), and specific gravity (SG) were determined. The results showed no change in SG in relationship to press-dry treatment and no practical differences in both MOE and MOR between press-dried and kiln-dried specimens. The only significant change was a decrease in work to maximum load with press-drying at 345 kPa and 2 10 degrees C (50 psi and 4 10 degrees F), which was detectable only in the higher quality pieces. The results suggest that loblolly pine proper-ties are far more affected by the presence of juvenile wood and the inherent defects associated with the No. 2 grade than by press-dry treatment. Further work is needed to determine the influence of press-drying on the SG of full-size lumber. We expect that any effects will be most noticeable in higher quality pieces. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Pap Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kretschmann, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dkretschmann@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 238SU UT WOS:000251468700012 ER PT J AU Hwang, CY Hse, CY Shupe, TF AF Hwang, Chin-yin Hse, Chung-yun Shupe, Todd F. TI Effects of recycled materials on the properties of wood fiber-polyethylene composites - Part 2: Effect of a compatibilizer on the wettability of birch plywood and polyolefins SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSE FIBERS; ADHESION AB This study examined the effects of a compatibilizer on the wettability of birch plywood and polyolefins. The compatabilizer was a low molecular weight emulsion type maleated polypropylene (MAPP), Epolene E-43. The polyolefins investigated included low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP). For E-43 treated wood surfaces, contact angles among four wetting liquids were in the order of phenol formaldehyde (PF) > urea formaldehyde (UF) > isocyanate (ISO) > distilled water. Contact angles increased upon addition of E-43, then decreased as concentrations further increased for UF, PF, and ISO. Among the three polyolefin polymers, the contact angles of PP, either wetting with various concentration of E-43 or with various wetting liquids, showed the highest value but was less sensitive to changes in E-43 concentration. For all four wetting liquids, their contact angle ratings for different plastic types all followed the sequences of PP > LLDPE > LDPE and distilled water > UF > PF > ISO. C1 Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Forest Chem Div, Taipei, Taiwan. USDA, Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hwang, CY (reprint author), Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Forest Chem Div, Taipei, Taiwan. EM chinyin@mail.tfri.gov.tw; chse@fs.fed.us; tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 238SU UT WOS:000251468700014 ER PT J AU Curran, M Maynard, D Heninger, R Terry, T Howes, S Stone, D Niemann, T Miller, RE AF Curran, Mike Maynard, Doug Heninger, Ron Terry, Tom Howes, Steve Stone, Doug Niemann, Tom Miller, Richard E. TI Elements and rationale for a common approach to assess and report soil disturbance SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE soil disturbance; forest productivity; hydrologic function; monitoring; Montreal Process; risk ratings for soils; soil compaction; sod displacement; soil erosion; sustainability protocols; third-party certification ID DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; COMPACTION AB Soil disturbance from forest practices ranges from barely perceptible to very obvious, and from positive to nil to negative effects on forest productivity and/or hydrologic function. Currently, most public and private land holders and various other interested parties have different approaches to describing this soil disturbance. More uniformity is needed to describe, monitor, and report soil disturbance from forest practices. We describe required elements for attaining: (1) more uniform terms for describing soil disturbance; (2) cost-effective techniques for monitoring or assessing soil disturbance; and (3) reliable methods to rate inherent soil susceptibility to compaction, rutting, mechanical topsoil displacement, and erosion. Visual disturbance categories are practical for describing, soil disturbance. Soil disturbance categories for the Pacific Northwest are described in detail to illustrate essential elements for attaining Element One. A number of potential products are listed to meet the other elements. Completion of these will facilitate collecting comparable data and sharing research and training information. Coordinated efforts will also ensure a more seamless process for assessing and reporting for sustainability protocols, and responding to third-party certification protocols. Additionally, these products will improve operational relevance of research results. C1 [Curran, Mike] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Maynard, Doug] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Heninger, Ron] Weyerhaeuser Co, Springfield, OR 97478 USA. [Terry, Tom] Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. [Howes, Steve] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Stone, Doug] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Niemann, Tom] BC Minist Forests, Forest Practices Branch, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. [Miller, Richard E.] Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Curran, M (reprint author), Forest Sci Program, BC Forest Serv, 1907 Ridgewood Rd, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. EM mike.currali@gov.bc.ca NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 83 IS 6 BP 852 EP 866 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 245EF UT WOS:000251917000028 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NM Roberts, DP Deahl, KL Hapeman, CJ Schmidt, WF Kochansky, J AF Baker, C. Jacyn Mock, Norton M. Roberts, Daniel P. Deahl, Kenneth L. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Schmidt, Walter F. Kochansky, Jan TI Interference by Mes [2-(4-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] and related buffers with phenolic oxidation by peroxidase SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE peroxidase; phenol; mes; hepes; pipes; hydroxyacetophenone; buffer anomalies; phenolic regeneration; free radicals ID PROTEIN DETERMINATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GROWTH; PEROXYNITRITE; INDUCTION; HEPES AB While characterizing the kinetic parameters of apoplastic phenolic oxidation by peroxidase, we found anomalies caused by the Mes [2-(4morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] buffer being used. In the presence of Mes, certain phenolics appeared not to be oxidized by peroxidase, yet the oxidant, H2O2, was utilized. This anomaly seems to be due to the recycling of the phenolic substrate. The reaction is relatively inefficient, but at buffer concentrations of 10 mM or greater the recycling effect is nearly 100% with substrate concentrations less than 100 mu M. The recycling effect is dependent on substrate structure, occurring with 4'-hydroxyacetophenone but not with 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone (acetosyringone). Characterization of the reaction parameters suggests that the phenoxyl radical from the peroxidase reaction interacts with Mes, causing the reduction and regeneration of the phenol. Similar responses occurred with related buffers such as Hepes [4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-l-ethanesulfonic acid] and Pipes [piperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)]. Results from this work and other reports in the literature indicate that great care is required in interpreting any results involving these buffers under oxidizing conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jacyn.baker@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1322 EP 1327 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.020 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 216WQ UT WOS:000249910100014 PM 17893045 ER PT J AU Gavin, DG Hallett, DJ Hu, FS Lertzman, KP Prichard, SJ Brown, KJ Lynch, JA Bartlein, P Peterson, DL AF Gavin, Daniel G. Hallett, Douglas J. Hu, Feng Sheng Lertzman, Kenneth P. Prichard, Susan J. Brown, Kendrick J. Lynch, Jason A. Bartlein, Patrick Peterson, David L. TI Forest fire and climate change in western North America: insights from sediment charcoal records SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BOREAL FOREST; HOLOCENE FIRE; RAIN-FORESTS; FUTURE FIRE; HISTORY; VEGETATION; REGIMES; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; CANADA AB Millennial-scale records of forest fire provide important baseline information for ecosystem management, especially in regions with too few recent fires to describe the historical range of variability. Charcoal records from lake sediments and soil profiles are well suited for reconstructing the incidence of past fire and its relationship to changing climate and vegetation. We highlight several records from western North America and their relevance in reconstructing historical forest dynamics, fire-climate relationships, and feedbacks between vegetation and fire under climate change. Climatic effects on fire regimes are evident in many regions, but comparisons of paleo-fire records sometimes show a lack of synchrony, indicating that local factors substantially affect fire occurrence, even over long periods. Furthermore, the specific impacts of vegetation change on fire regimes vary among regions with different vegetation histories. By documenting the effects on fire patterns of major changes in climate and vegetation, paleo-fire records can be used to test the mechanistic models required for the prediction of future variations in fire. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. Royal British Columbia Mus, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada. US EPA, Clear Air Mkt Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Gavin, DG (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM dgavin@uoregon.edu RI Gavin, Daniel/C-9214-2009; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Hallett, Douglas/G-4968-2011 OI Gavin, Daniel/0000-0001-8743-3949; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; NR 50 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 5 IS 9 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1890/060161 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MD UT WOS:000250659900008 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Steidley, KR AF Knothe, Gerhard Steidley, Kevin R. TI Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel components (fatty acid alkyl esters) and related compounds at low temperatures SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; diesel fuel; fatty acid alkyl esters; low-temperature properties; kinematic viscosity ID METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUEL; SYSTEMS; BLENDS AB Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats is, has undergone rapid development and acceptance as an alternative diesel fuel. Kinematic viscosity is one of the fuel properties specified in biodiesel standards, with 40 degrees C being the temperature at which this property is to be determined and ranges of acceptable kinematic viscosity given. While data on kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and related materials at higher temperatures are available in the literature, this work reports on the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and a variety of fatty acid alkyl esters at temperatures from 40 degrees C down to - 10 degrees C in increments of 5 degrees C using the appropriately modified standard reference method ASTM D445. Investigating the low-temperature properties of biodiesel, including viscosity, of biodiesel and its components is important because of the problems associated with the use of biodiesel under these conditions. Such data may aid in developing biodiesel fuels optimized for fatty ester composition. An index termed here the low-temperature viscosity ratio (LTVR) using data at 0 degrees C and 40 degrees C (divide viscosity value at 0 degrees C by viscosity value at 40 degrees C) was used to evaluate individual compounds but also mixtures by their low-temperature viscosity behavior. Compounds tested included a variety of saturated, monounsaturated, diunsaturated and triunsaturated fatty esters, methyl ricinoleate, in which the OH group leads to a significant increase in viscosity as well as triolein, as well as some fatty alcohols and alkanes. Esters of oleic acid have the highest viscosity of all biodiesel components that are liquids at low temperatures. The behavior of blends of biodiesel and some fatty esters with a low-sulfur diesel fuel was also investigated. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 28 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV PY 2007 VL 86 IS 16 BP 2560 EP 2567 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.02.006 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 231MA UT WOS:000250949800010 ER PT J AU Starkey, DE Ward, TJ Aoki, T Gale, LR Kistler, HC Geiser, DM Suga, H Toth, B Varga, J O'Donnell, K AF Starkey, David E. Ward, Todd J. Aoki, Takayuki Gale, Liane R. Kistler, H. Corby Geiser, David M. Suga, Haruhisa Toth, Beata Varga, Janos O'Donnell, Kerry TI Global molecular surveillance reveals novel Fusarium head blight species and trichothecene toxin diversity SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tubulin; Fusarium head blight; genealogical concordance; mating-type; species limits; Phylogeny; trichothecene; chemotype; biogeography ID REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; MODEL EUKARYOTE; SP NOV.; GRAMINEARUM; GENE; RECOGNITION; WHEAT AB To expand our knowledge of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen and trichothecene toxin diversity, a global collection of 2 100 isolates was screened for novel genetic variation, resulting in the identification of 16 phylogenetically divergent FHB isolates. The affinities and taxonomic status of these novel isolates were evaluated via phylogenctic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data (13 genes; 16.3 kb/strain) together with analyses of their morphology, pathogenicity to wheat, and trichothecene toxin potential. Based on the results of these analyses, we formally describe two novel species (Fusarium vorosii and Fusarium gerlachii) within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex), and provide the first published report of Fg complex isolates with either a nivalenol or 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype within the U.S. In addition, we describe a highly divergent population of F. graminearum from the Gulf Coast of the U.S., and divergent isolates of F. acaciae-mearnsii from Australia and South Africa. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Gene Bank Microorganisms Sect, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Cereal Res Non Profit Co, Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Szeged, Hungary. CBS Fungal Biodivesity Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 53 TC 210 Z9 227 U1 1 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1191 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.03.001 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 223II UT WOS:000250363100012 PM 17451976 ER PT J AU Esch, E Szymaniak, JM Yates, H Pawlowski, WP Buckler, ES AF Esch, Elisabeth Szymaniak, Jessica M. Yates, Heather Pawlowski, Wojciech P. Buckler, Edward S. TI Using crossover breakpoints in recombinant inbred lines to identify quantitative trait loci controlling the global recombination frequency SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; CROSSING-OVER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; A1-SH2 INTERVAL; GENETIC-CONTROL; MOUSE STRAINS; LINKAGE MAP; MAIZE; POPULATIONS AB Recombination is a crucial component of evolution and breeding, producing new genetic combinations on which selection can act. Rates of recombination vary tremendously, not only between species but also within species and for specific chromosomal segments. In this study, by examining recombination events captured in recombinant inbred mapping populations previously created for maize, wheat, Arabidopsis, and mouse, we demonstrate that substantial variation exists for genomewide crossover rates in both outcrossed and inbred plant and animal species. We also identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control this variation. The method that we developed and employed here holds promise for elucidating factors that regulate meiotic recombination and for creation of hyperrecombinogenic lines, which can help overcome limited recombination that hampers breeding progress. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Genet, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Esch, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, 159 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 43 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1851 EP 1858 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.080622 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 237JA UT WOS:000251368800047 PM 17947409 ER PT J AU Briggs, WH McMullen, MD Gaut, BS Doebley, J AF Briggs, William H. McMullen, Michael D. Gaut, Brandon S. Doebley, John TI Linkage mapping of domestication loci in a large maize-teosinte backcross resource SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; RECOMBINATION HOTSPOT; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; ARCHITECTURE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; GENOME; LINES AB An ultimate objective of QTL mapping is cloning genes responsible for quantitative traits. However, projects seldom go beyond segments <5 cM without subsequent breeding and genotyping lines to identify additional crossovers in a genomic region of interest. We report on a QTL analysis performed as a preliminary step in the development of a resource for map-based cloning of domestication and improvement genes in corn. A large backcross (BC)(1) population derived from a cross between maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and teosinte (ssp. parviglumis) was grown for the analysis. A total of 1749 progenies were genotyped for 304 markers and measured for 22 morphological traits. The results are in agreement with earlier studies showing a small number of genomic regions having greater impact on the morphological traits distinguishing maize and teosinte. Despite considerable power to detect epistasis, few QTL interactions were identified. To create a permanent resource, seed of BC, plants was archived and 1000 BC2S6 BC1-derived lines are in development for fine mapping and cloning. The identification of four BC1 progeny with crossovers in a single gene, tb1, indicated that enough derived lines already exist to clone many QTL without the need to generate and identify additional crossovers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Briggs, WH (reprint author), Syngenta Seeds, 307 330th St, Stanton, MN 55018 USA. EM william.briggs@syngenta.com NR 37 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 21 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1915 EP 1928 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.076497 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 237JA UT WOS:000251368800052 PM 17947434 ER PT J AU Kong, L Ohm, HW Anderson, JM AF Kong, Lingrang Ohm, Herbert W. Anderson, Joseph M. TI Expression analysis of defense-related genes in wheat in response to infection by Fusarium graminearum SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; defense response; GeneCalling; real-time quantitative RT-PCR ID HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASES; PLANT CYTOCHROME-P450; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; OXALATE OXIDASE; SPIKES; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungi Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a worldwide disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Chinese cultivar Ning 7840 is one of a few wheat cultivars with resistance to FHB. GeneCalling (TM), an open-architecture mRNA-profiling technology, was used to identify differentially expressed genes induced or suppressed in spikes of Ning 7840 after infection by F. graminearum. One hundred and twenty-five cDNA fragments representing transcripts differentially expressed in wheat spikes were identified. Based on BLASTN and BLASTX analyses, putative functions were assigned to some of the genes: 28 were assigned functions in primary metabolism and photosynthesis, 7 were involved in defense response, 14 were involved in gene expression and regulation, 24 encoded proteins associated with structure and protein synthesis, 42 lacked homology to sequences in the database, and 3 were similar to cloned multidrug resistance or disease resistance proteins. Of particular interest in this study were genes associated with resistance and defense against pathogen infection. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR indicated that of 51 genes tested, 19 showed 2-fold or greater induction or suppression in infected Ning 7840 in comparison with the water-treated control. The remaining 32 genes were not significantly induced or suppressed in infected Ning 7840 compared with the control. Subsequently, these 19 induced or suppressed genes were examined in the wheat line KS24-1, containing FHB resistance derived from Lophopyrum elongatum, and Len, an FHB-susceptible wheat cultivar. The temporal expression of some of these sequences encoding resistance proteins or defense-related proteins showed FHB (resistance specific) induction, suggesting that these genes play a role in protection against toxic compounds in plant-fungus interactions. On the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various biotic or abiotic stress response genes revealed by quantitative PCR in this study and other supporting data, we hypothesized that the plant-pathogen interactions may be highly integrated into a network of diverse biosynthetic pathways. C1 [Kong, Lingrang; Ohm, Herbert W.; Anderson, Joseph M.] Purdue Univ, ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kong, Lingrang; Ohm, Herbert W.; Anderson, Joseph M.] Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, ARS, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Joe.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD NOV PY 2007 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1038 EP 1048 DI 10.1139/G07-085 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 245IO UT WOS:000251928500007 PM 18059549 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Snow, JL AF Johnston, John J. Snow, Jamie L. TI Population-based fish consumption survey and probabilistic methylmercury risk assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; fish consumption; exposure; risk; probabilistic ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EXPOSURE; MERCURY; AGE AB A fish consumption survey was developed and administered by telephone to 820 Wyoming fishing license holders. Survey respondents provided the frequency, species, and quantity of Wyoming caught and store-bought fish consumed for license holder and household members. Deterministic and probabilistic methylmercury exposure distributions were estimated by multiplying fish consumption by species-specific mercury concentrations for each household member. Risk assessments were conducted for children, women of childbearing age, and the rest of the population by comparing methylmercury exposure distributions to levels of concern. The results indicate that probabilistic risk assessment likely provides a more realistic view of the risk to the study population. The results of this study clearly indicate that: (1) there is no level of fish consumption that is without risk of methylmercury exposure, (2) fish advisories may be warranted for children and women of childbearing age, and (3) that store-bought fish generally contribute more to methylmercury exposure than do Wyoming-caught fish. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM johnj.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1227 DI 10.1080/10807030701655764 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239IF UT WOS:000251511300004 ER PT J AU Thompson, FR AF Thompson, Frank R., III TI Factors affecting nest predation on forest songbirds in North America SO IBIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Woodland Birds - Their Ecology and Management CY APR 01-03, 2006 CL Univ Leicester, Leicester, ENGLAND HO Univ Leicester ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEST; SITE SELECTION; IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; VIDEO IDENTIFICATION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; BROOD PARASITISM; MIGRATORY BIRDS; HARDWOOD FOREST; VIREO NESTS AB Nest predation is an important factor in the ecology of passerines and can be a large source of mortality for birds. I provide an overview of factors affecting nest predation of passerines in North America with the goal that it may provide some insight into the ecology and management of woodland birds in the United Kingdom. Although several factors influence productivity, nest success is perhaps the most widely measured demographic characteristic of open-cup-nesting birds, and nest predation is usually the largest cause of nest failure. The identity of predator species, and how their importance varies with habitat and landscape factors, must be known for managers and scientists to design effective conservation plans and place research on nest predation in the appropriate context. Recent studies using video surveillance have made significant contributions to our understanding of the relative importance of different predator taxa in North America. Spatial and temporal variation in nest predation can be better understood when landscapes are placed in a biogeographical context and local habitat and nest-site effects are placed in a landscape context. Low productivity resulting from high nest predation is one of several potential causes of bird population declines in North America and the UK. Although the 'forest fragmentation paradigm' from the eastern US may not apply directly to the UK, thinking about avian demographics from a multiscale perspective, and consideration of factors affecting nest predation with knowledge of the dominant predator species, may provide insight into population declines. C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 109 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD NOV PY 2007 VL 149 SU 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00697.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 235OF UT WOS:000251243500009 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Jackson, TJ Haken, M AF Le Vine, David M. Jackson, Thomas J. Haken, Michael TI Initial images of the synthetic aperture radiometer 2D-STAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aperture synthesis; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; soil moisture ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SOIL-MOISTURE; ESTAR AB Initial results are presented for the new synthetic aperture radiometer, 2D-STAR, which is a dual-polarized L-band radiometer that employs aperture synthesis in two dimensions. This airborne instrument is the natural evolution of the Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer, which employs aperture synthesis only in the across-track dimension, and represents a further step in the development of aperture synthesis for remote sensing applications. 2D-STAR was successfully tested in June 2003 and, then, participated in the SMEX03 and SMEX04 soil moisture experiments. A description of the instrument and initial results in the form of first images and a preliminary comparison with changes in soil moisture during SMEX03 are presented here. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RS Informat Syst Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.m.levine@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3623 EP 3632 DI 10.1109/FGRS.2007.903830 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 229OC UT WOS:000250812800003 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Gideon, M Kuhn, DN Motamayor, JC Nakamura, K AF Meerow, Alan W. Gideon, Michael Kuhn, David N. Motamayor, Juan Carlos Nakamura, Kyoko TI Genetic structure and gene flow among south Florida populations of Iris Hexagona walt. (Iridaceae) assessed with 19 microsatellite DNA loci SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE population genetics; population biology; SSR; heterozygosity excess; bottleneck; isolation by distance; stepping-stone model; founder effects; Florida; phytogeography ID STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; LOUISIANA IRISES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; FINITE POPULATION; HYBRID SPECIATION AB We investigated genetic variation within and among 11 populations of Iris hexagona at its southern limits in the Florida peninsula by using 19 microsatellite loci. All of the populations contain varying numbers of identical multilocus genotypes, indicative of clonal reproduction. Two population samples consist largely of one clonal lineage and two clonal lineages: the first from the Caloosahatchee drainage west of Lake Okeechobee and the other from the Big Cypress Swamp. The populations are predominantly outcrossing, with high levels of heterozygosity, and show a highly significant pattern of isolation by distance that fits a modified stepping-stone model. This pattern breaks down at the local level, however, where metapopulation dynamics or asymmetrical gene flow may exert a stronger effect on patterns of genetic diversity. Though the majority of genetic variation is within populations, 20% occurs between populations. Genetic distance resolves five clusters: four in the Caloosahatchee Valley and one in the Big Cypress Swamp. However, the populations are differentiated strongly enough that frequency-based genetic structure analysis resolves seven effective populations. Assignment tests identify the northernmost population as a likely ancestral point of origin for the others. All of the populations exhibit evidence of a recent bottleneck, which we attribute to founder effects, given the low migration rate of the species and the high degree of population differentiation, as well as the Holocene geological history of the Florida peninsula. We hypothesize that the two predominantly clonal populations may be artifacts of deliberate cultivation by humans. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Gideons Iris, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Masterfoods USA Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov NR 174 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 168 IS 9 BP 1291 EP 1309 DI 10.1086/521692 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 224JQ UT WOS:000250443700006 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Whitcomb, RF Bradbury, JM AF Brown, Daniel R. Whitcomb, Robert F. Bradbury, Janet M. TI Revised minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS STRAINS; INTERGENIC SPACER REGION; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; NUCLEIC ACID HOMOLOGY; HUMAN T-MYCOPLASMAS; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM; SPIROPLASMA-CITRI; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Minimal standards for novel species of the class Mollicutes (trivial term, mollicutes), last published in 1995, require revision. The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes proposes herein revised standards that reflect recent advances in molecular systematics and the species concept for prokaryotes. The mandatory requirements are: (i) deposition of the type strain into two recognized culture collections, preferably located in different countries; (ii) deposition of the 16S rRNA gene sequence into a public database, and a phylogenetic analysis of the relationships among the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the novel species and its neighbours; (iii) deposition of antiserum against the type strain into a recognized collection; (iv) demonstration, by using the combination of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, serological analyses and supplementary phenotypic data, that the type strain differs significantly from all previously named species; and (v) assignment to an order, a family and a genus in the class, with an appropriate specific epithet. The 16S rRNA gene sequence provides the primary basis for assignment to hierarchical rank, and may also constitute evidence of species novelty, but serological and supplementary phenotypic data must be presented to substantiate this. Serological methods have been documented to be congruent with DNA-DNA hybridization data and with 16S rRNA gene placements. The novel species must be tested serologically to the greatest extent that the investigators deem feasible against all neighbouring species whose 16S rRNA gene sequences show > 0.94 similarity. The investigator is responsible for justifying which characters are most meaningful for assignment to the part of the mollicute phylogenetic tree in which a novel species is located, and for providing the means by which novel species can be identified by other investigators. The publication of the description should appear in a journal having wide circulation. If the journal is not the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, copies of the publication must be submitted to that Journal so that the name may be considered for inclusion in a Validation List as required by the International Code of Bacteriological Nomenclature (the Bacteriological Code). Updated informal descriptions of the class Mollicutes and some of its constituent higher taxa are available as supplementary material in USEM Online. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Vet Pathol, Leahurst CH64 7TE, Neston, England. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM BrownD@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu OI Bradbury, Janet/0000-0003-2416-220X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1R15HG02389-01A1, R15 HG002389-01A1, R15 HG002389]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM076584-01A1, 1R01GM076584-01A1, R01 GM076584] NR 213 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 13 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 BP 2703 EP 2719 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64722-0 PN 11 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 238FO UT WOS:000251432900047 PM 17978244 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Corn ethanol coproducts - some current constraints and potential opportunities SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; FLOW PROPERTY MEASUREMENT; STARCH-BASED FOAMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BY-PRODUCTS; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; DIETARY FIBER; LOW-CARB; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AB The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. is dramatically increasing; as is the quantity of coproducts generated from this processing sector. These streams are primarily utilized as livestock feed, which is a route that provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. With the construction of many new plants in recent years, it is imperative to augment current uses and to find new outlets for these materials, in order to maintain the economic viability of this industry. Known collectively as distillers grains, these process residuals have much potential for value-added processing and utilization in other sectors, but barriers currently exist. The goal of this article is to discuss four such constraints and opportunities: storability and handling, value-added livestock and other animal feed use, human food use and nontraditional processing into manufactured products. Addressing these issues will be essential to the growth of the industry, both in terms of developing new and refined methods for storing and handling these materials, and in identifying and developing new market opportunities for these coproduct materials. Ultimately, alleviating these constraints and pursuing these new possibilities will improve manufacturing economics and can augment the viability of the corn-based fuel ethanol industry. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr res Lab, Lead Sci Agr & Bioproc Engn, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr res Lab, Lead Sci Agr & Bioproc Engn, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 135 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1307 BP 685 EP + PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 232PP UT WOS:000251031900014 ER PT J AU Toyofuku, N Schatzki, TF AF Toyofuku, Natsuko Schatzki, Thomas F. TI Image feature based detection of agricultural quarantine materials in X-ray images SO JOURNAL OF AIR TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE airport inspection; x-ray inspection; quarantine materials; agricultural contraband; image features ID SHAPE; CONTRABAND AB The US Department of Agriculture uses many methods to screen incoming passenger baggage for agricultural quarantined materials (e.g. fresh fruits and meat). X-ray inspection is relied upon because it is a fast and non-invasive inspection method. This paper investigates a new image feature based approach to training for X-ray inspection that instructs subjects to search for particular patterns and textures in the X-ray image, rather than specific objects (e.g. an apple). The image feature based approach is found to have demonstrable potential as a training program and provides justification for further research into implementation in a computer pattern recognition program. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Toyofuku, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM suko@pw.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-6997 J9 J AIR TRANSP MANAG JI J. Air Transp. Manag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 348 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2007.06.001 PG 7 WC Transportation SC Transportation GA 232AJ UT WOS:000250990200004 ER PT J AU Berger, KM Gese, EM AF Berger, Kim Murray Gese, Eric M. TI Does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Canis lupus; carnivore conservation; interference competition; intraguild predation ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HOME-RANGE; CANIS-LATRANS; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; RESIDENT COYOTES; HABITAT USE; CARNIVORES; PREDATION; CONSERVATION AB 1. Interference competition with wolves Canis lupus is hypothesized to limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes Canis latrans, and the extirpation of wolves is often invoked to explain the expansion in coyote range throughout much of North America. 2. We used spatial, seasonal and temporal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance to test the hypothesis that interference competition with wolves limits the distribution and abundance of coyotes. From August 2001 to August 2004, we gathered data on cause-specific mortality and survival rates of coyotes captured at wolf-free and wolf-abundant sites in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), Wyoming, USA, to determine whether mortality due to wolves is sufficient to reduce coyote densities. We examined whether spatial segregation limits the local distribution of coyotes by evaluating home-range overlap between resident coyotes and wolves, and by contrasting dispersal rates of transient coyotes captured in wolf-free and wolf-abundant areas. Finally, we analysed data on population densities of both species at three study areas across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) to determine whether an inverse relationship exists between coyote and wolf densities. 3. Although coyotes were the numerically dominant predator, across the GYE, densities varied spatially and temporally in accordance with wolf abundance. Mean coyote densities were 33% lower at wolf-abundant sites in GTNP, and densities declined 39% in Yellowstone National Park following wolf reintroduction. 4. A strong negative relationship between coyote and wolf densities (beta = -3.988, P < 0.005, r(2) = 0.54, n = 16), both within and across study sites, supports the hypothesis that competition with wolves limits coyote populations. 5. Overall mortality of coyotes resulting from wolf predation was low, but wolves were responsible for 56% of transient coyote deaths (n = 5). In addition, dispersal rates of transient coyotes captured at wolf-abundant sites were 117% higher than for transients captured in wolf-free areas. 6. Our results support the hypothesis that coyote abundance is limited by competition with wolves, and suggest that differential effects on survival and dispersal rates of transient coyotes are important mechanisms by which wolves reduce coyote densities. C1 Teton Field Off, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Victor, ID 83455 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Berger, KM (reprint author), Teton Field Off, Wildlife Conservat Soc, POB 985, Victor, ID 83455 USA. EM kberger@wcs.org RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 62 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 28 U2 161 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01287.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 218CA UT WOS:000249992400005 PM 17922704 ER PT J AU Casas, E White, SN Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Bennett, GL Smith, TPL AF Casas, E. White, S. N. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. Bennett, G. L. Smith, T. P. L. TI Assessing the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms at the thyroglobulin gene with carcass traits in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; carcass trait; marbling; thyroglobulin ID LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY TRAITS; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT DEPOSITION; BLACK WAGYU CATTLE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BOS-INDICUS; LOCI; GROWTH; TENDERNESS; MARKERS; CHROMOSOME-14 AB The objective of this study was to assess the association of SNP in the thyroglobulin gene, including a previously reported marker in current industry use, with marbling score in beef cattle. Three populations, designated GPE6, GPE7, and GPE8, were studied. The GPE6 population sampled breeds that could be used as alternative germplasm sources in beef cattle production, including Wagyu, Swedish Red and White, Friesian, and Norwegian Red. The GPE7 population sampled 7 popular beef cattle breeds used in temperate climates of the United States: Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Angus, and Simmental. The GPE8 population sampled Bos indicus-influenced breeds used in subtropical regions of the country and subtropical and tropical regions of the world, including Beefmaster, Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano. Evaluation of 6 SNP in the thyroglobulin gene, including 5 newly described variations, showed no association (P> 0.10) with marbling score in these populations, except a tendency (P < 0.10) for an association with the previously described marker in GPE6. Closer examination of the GPE6 data revealed that the source of the tendency was an association (P < 0.02) with marbling in animals of Wagyu inheritance. Animals having Wagyu background and inheriting the TT genotype had a greater marbling score (599 +/- 20) than those inheriting the CC (540 +/- 10) or the CT (541 +/- 11) genotype. No association was detected with any other carcass trait for this marker in the 3 populations. Furthermore, none of the 5 newly described markers in the gene displayed an association with marbling score. The data indicate that markers at the thyroglobulin gene may be a useful predictor of marbling performance for producers raising Wagyu-based cattle. Although associations with marbling score in the remaining populations were not large or significant, the TT genotype had the numerically greatest marbling score in each population. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Eduardo.Casas@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2807 EP 2814 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0179 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 227HS UT WOS:000250648400004 PM 17686891 ER PT J AU Casas, E Lunstra, DD Cundiff, LV Ford, JJ AF Casas, E. Lunstra, D. D. Cundiff, L. V. Ford, J. J. TI Growth and pubertal development of F-1 bulls from Hereford, Angus, Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, Friesian, and Wagyu sires SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; bull; puberty; semen; testes ID BEEF BULLS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; DIFFERENT BREEDS; SPERM PRODUCTION; DAIRY BULLS; TRAITS; BRAHMAN; CATTLE; SEMEN; AGE AB The objective of the study was to characterize body growth, testicular development, and puberty from 8 to 14 mo of age in bulls (n = 120) produced by mating sires from Hereford, Angus, Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, Friesian, and Wagyu breeds to MARC 111 (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) cows. Traits evaluated were birth weight, weaning weight (at 215 d), yearling weight, ADG from 8 to 14 mo of age, paired testicular volume growth from 8 to 14 mo of age, age at puberty (determined by production of 50 x 106 sperm with 10% motility), age at freezable semen (determined by production of 500 x 106 sperm with 50% motility), and, at 15 mo of age, paired testicular weight and daily sperm production per testis pair. There was an effect of sire breed (P = 0.03) for age at puberty; animals with Wagyu and Swedish Red and White inheritance reached puberty at a later date (302 and 302 d of age, respectively) compared with Angussired bulls (268 d). Age at puberty for Hereford-, Norwegian Red-, and Friesian-sired bulls was 270, 271, and 278 d, respectively. Differences in BW were observed (P = 0.03) at birth; bulls with Hereford and Friesian were heavier at birth (43 and 41 kg, respectively) compared with those with Norwegian Red, Swedish Red and White, and Wagyu inheritance (39, 38, and 38 kg, respectively). Differences in BW were also observed at 1 yr of age (P = 0.001), where the heaviest animals were those sired by Angus (450 kg), whereas the lightest animals were those sired by Wagyu (403 kg). Bulls with Wagyu inheritance had the lowest (P = 0.04) ADG (1.12 kg/d) compared with bulls with inheritance from Hereford (1.22 kg/d), Angus (1.28 kg/d), Norwegian Red (1.24 kg/d), Swedish Red and White (1.25 kg/d), and Friesian (1.27 kg/d). Differences in scrotal growth rate were not significant (P = 0.99). They ranged from 1.95 in Angussired to 1.66 cm3/d in Wagyu-sired bulls. There were no differences (P = 0.80) for age at freezable semen (335 +/- 10 d). At slaughter (15 mo of age), there were no differences (P = 0.62) for paired testicular weight (603 +/- 28 g) and daily sperm production (10.6 x 10(9 +/-) 0.9 x 10(9) per testis pair). Growth of bulls with Wagyu inheritance was slower, and bulls with Wagyu or Scandinavian inheritance reach puberty at an older age than bulls with Angus inheritance. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Eduardo.Casas@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2904 EP 2909 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0260 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 227HS UT WOS:000250648400015 PM 17591712 ER PT J AU Kendall, DC Gaines, AM Kerr, BJ Allee, GL AF Kendall, D. C. Gaines, A. M. Kerr, B. J. Allee, G. L. TI True ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratios in ninety- to one hundred twenty-five-kilogram barrows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finishing swine; meat quality; requirement; tryptophan ID AMINO-ACID PATTERN; DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN; GROWING-PIGS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; YOUNG-PIGS; NEUROTRANSMITTER CONCENTRATIONS; FINISHING PIGS; NURSERY PIGS; REQUIREMENT; PROTEIN AB Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimal true ileal digestible (TID) Trp:Lys ratio for 90- to 125-kg barrows. Basal diets contained 0.55% TID Lys and were either corn-based (Exp. 1) or corn- and soybean meal-based (Exp. 2 and 3) diets supplemented with crystalline AA. In addition, each experiment contained a corn-soybean meal control diet. The number of pigs per pen progressively increased, with pigs housed in 2 (n = 82; initial and final BW of 88.5 and 113.6 kg, respectively), 7 (n = 2 10, initial and final BW of 91.2 and 123.3 kg, respectively), or 20 to 22 (n = 759; initial and final BW of 98.8 and 123.4 kg, respectively) pigs per pen for each successive experiment. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed 6 incremental additions Of L-Trp, equating to TID Trp:Lys ratios of 0.109, 0.145, 0.182,0.218,0.255, and 0.290. For the 28-d period, there was a quadratic improvement in G:F (P = 0.05) and ADG (P = 0.08) with increasing TID Trp:Lys, characterized by an improvement in performance of pigs fed the basal diet compared with those consuming diets with a 0.145 TID Trp:Lys ratio, with a plateau thereafter as TID Trp:Lys increased. Pigs fed the control diet had less increase in backfat depth than the average of pigs fed the titration diets (1.30 vs. 4.09 mm, respectively; P = 0.02), but pork quality was unaffected by dietary treatment. Pigs in Exp. 2 were fed 4 incremental additions Of L-Trp, equating to TID Trp:Lys ratios of 0.130, 0.165, 0.200, and 0.235. Average daily gain and ADFI increased in a linear fashion with increasing TID Trp:Lys for the 29-d trial (P < 0.01), with quadratic improvements in d-29 BW (P = 0.06) and G:F (P = 0.05). Pigs fed the diet containing a TID Trp:Lys ratio of 0.165 had greater d-29 BW, ADG, G:F, and lower serum urea N concentration than pigs fed the basal diet (P < 0.05), but were similar to pigs fed TID Trp:Lys ratios of 0.200 and 0.235 for all criteria measured. In Exp. 3, TID Trp:Lys ratios of 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.21 were evaluated. The response to increasing TID Trp:Lys was limited to a quadratic (P < 0.10) improvement in G:F with increasing TID Trp:Lys ratios. Maximum G:F was noted at a TID Trp:Lys ratio of 0.17. No relationship was noted between TID Trp:Lys and carcass characteristics. These experiments demonstrate that the minimum TID Trp:Lys ratio for pigs from 90 to 125 kg of BW is at least 0.145, but not greater than 0.17. C1 USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 85 IS 11 BP 3004 EP 3012 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0013 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 227HS UT WOS:000250648400026 PM 17686897 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Reyes-Herrera, I Donoghue, DJ AF Schneider, Marilyn J. Reyes-Herrera, Ixchel Donoghue, Dan J. TI Evaluation of serum as a potential matrix for multiresidue determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in chicken using liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TISSUES; SEPARATION; ONLINE AB An efficient multiresidue method was successfully applied to the determination of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in chicken serum. In this method, FQs are extracted from matrix with ammoniacal acetonitrile, and the extracts are defatted and then evaporated. After addition of basic phosphate buffer and filtration, the samples are analyzed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) (multiple mass spectrometry; MSn). This approach allows for simultaneous quantitation (fluorescence) and confirmation (MSn) of the FQs. Using this method, 8 FQs were determined in fortified chicken serum at levels of 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/g. Recoveries ranged from 71-99%, with excellent relative standard deviations (<10%). Limits of quantitation for the FQs ranged from 0.05-5 ng/g. Confirmation was achieved by comparison of MS2 or MS3 product ion ratios with those of standard FQ samples. These quantitative and confirmatory results were compared with those obtained for muscle using this approach. Serum and muscle samples from enrofloxacin-dosed chickens were also analyzed with this method. The results show that enrofloxacin can be determined in both serum and muscle of chickens dosed at a level formerly approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for up to at least 48 h after withdrawal from dosing, and suggest that serum can provide an efficient matrix for monitoring FQ levels in chicken. C1 [Schneider, Marilyn J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Reyes-Herrera, Ixchel; Donoghue, Dan J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM matilyn.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1716 EP 1723 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 243EC UT WOS:000251776800028 PM 18193751 ER PT J AU Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Kalchayanand, N Koohmaraie, M AF Brichta-Harhay, D. M. Arthur, T. M. Bosilevac, J. M. Guerini, M. N. Kalchayanand, N. Koohmaraie, M. TI Enumeration of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef, cattle carcass, hide and faecal samples using direct plating methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beef; carcass; enumeration; Escherichia coli; HGMF; O157; Salmonella; spiral plate ID GRID MEMBRANE-FILTER; BOVINE FECES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PROCESSING PLANTS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; PREVALENCE; WATER; PCR; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; QUANTIFICATION AB Aim: To develop and validate high throughput methods for the direct enumeration of viable and culturable Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef, carcass, hide and faecal (GCHF) samples from cattle. Methods and Results: The hydrophobic grid membrane filtration (HGMF) method and the spiral plate count method (SPCM) were evaluated as rapid tools for the estimation of pathogen load using GCHF samples spiked with known levels of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Validation studies showed that for a single determination of each sample type the low end of the detection limits were approx. 2.0 x 10(0) CFU g(-1) for ground beef, 5.0 x 10(-1) CFU (100 cm(2))(-1) for Salmonella and 8.0 x 10(-1) CFU (100 cm(2))(-1) for E. coli O157:H7 on carcasses, 4.0 x 10(1) CFU (100 cm(2))(-1) for hide and 2.0 x 10(2) CFU g(-1) for faecal samples. In addition, ground beef (n = 609), carcass (n = 1520) and hide (n = 3038) samples were collected from beef-processing plants and faecal samples (n = 3190) were collected from feed-lot cattle, and these samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 by enrichment and enumeration methods. Conclusions: The direct enumeration methods described here are amenable to high throughput sample processing and were found to be cost-effective alternatives to other enumeration methods for the estimation of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7, in samples collected during cattle production and beef processing. Significance and Impact of the Study: Use of the methods described here would allow for more routine testing and quantification data collection, providing useful information about the effectiveness of beef processing intervention strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brichta-Harhay, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dayna_harhay@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1657 EP 1668 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03405.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 221YN UT WOS:000250263400032 PM 17953577 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Gerba, CP Pepper, IL AF Brooks, J. P. Gerba, C. P. Pepper, I. L. TI Diversity of aerosolized bacteria during land application of biosolids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; agricultural; bioaerosol; biosolids; 16S rRNA ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; SLUDGE; BIAS; PCR AB Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of bacterial communities associated with bioaerosols generated during land application of biosolids using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) PCR. Methods and Results: Anaerobically digested Class B biosolids were land applied to an agricultural site located in South Central Arizona. Aerosol samples were collected downwind of the biosolids operations and were collected via the use of SKC Biosamplers and subsequently extracted for the presence of bacterial community DNA. All DNA was amplified using 16S rRNA primers, cloned and sequenced. All sequences were aligned and phylogenetic trees were developed to generate community profiles. The majority of aerosolized bacterial clone sequences belonged to the Actinobacteria and alpha- and beta-proteobacterial taxa. Aerosol samples collected downwind of soil aerosolization produced similar profiles. These profiles differed from upwind and background samples. Conclusions: No one clone sequence isolated from the aerosol samples could be solely attributed to biosolids; on the contrary, the majority appeared to have arisen from soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates that in dry, arid climates the majority of aerosols associated with biosolids land application appear to be associated with the onsite soil. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil & Water Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 HWY 12E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jbrooks@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1779 EP 1790 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03418.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 221YN UT WOS:000250263400044 PM 17953588 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, PS AF Edwards, J. Vincent Howley, Phyllis S. TI Human neutrophil elastase and collagenase sequestration with phosphorylated cotton wound dressings SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE human neutrophil elastase; collagenase; chronic wound dressing; phosphorylated cellulose; protease sequestration; elastase lowering; mechanism-based wound dressing ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; PRESSURE ULCERS; INHIBITION; PROTEASES; CRYSTAL AB The design and preparation of wound dressings that redress the protease imbalance in chronic wounds is an important goal of wound healing and medical materials science. Chronic wounds contain high levels of tissue and cytokine-destroying proteases including matrix metalloprotease and neutrophil elastase. Thus, the lowering of excessive protease levels in the wound environment by wound dressing sequestration prevents the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors necessary for wound healing. Phosphorylated cotton wound dressings were prepared to target sequestration of proteases from chronic wound exudate through a cationic uptake binding mechanism involving salt bridge formation of the positively charged amino acid side chains of proteases with the phosphate counterions of the wound dressing fiber. Dressings were prepared by applying sodium hexametaphosphate and diammonium phosphate in separate formulations to cotton gauze by pad/dry/cure methods. Phosphorylated cotton dressings were assessed for their ability to lower elastase and collagenase activity. The phosphorylated cotton dressings lowered elastase and collagenase activity 40-80% more effectively than the untreated cotton wound dressings under conditions that mimic chronic wound exudate. Efficacy of the phosphorylated cotton was found to be related to the level of phosphorylation. and a lower pH due to protonated phosphate at the surface of the dressing. The capacity of the modified gauze to sequester continued elastase secretions similar to that found in a chronic wound over a 24-h period was retained within a 80% retention of elastase sequestration and was dose-dependent. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robet E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD NOV PY 2007 VL 83A IS 2 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31171 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 218AV UT WOS:000249989300022 PM 17477392 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, Michael K. Stevens, Edwin D. TI Crystal and molecular structure of 6,6 '-dimethoxy-gossypol : acetic acid (1 : 1) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE clathrate; gossypol; H-clathrate; natural product; solvate; X-ray structure ID GOSSYPOL; COTTON; (+)-GOSSYPOL; (-)-GOSSYPOL; CANCER AB By crystallization from dilute solutions of acetic acid (2-4%) in diethyl ether, acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone, 6,6'-dimethoxy-gossypol forms a solvate with acetic acid in a one-to-one molar ratio. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group and has unit cell dimensions of a = 7.5793(10) angstrom, b = 14.7211(19) angstrom and c = 14.740(2) angstrom, alpha= 106.260(3)angstrom degrees, beta= 102.310(3)angstrom degrees, gamma= 95.975(3)angstrom degrees, Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R1 value of 0.0394 on 4252 observed reflections. Enantiomeric pairs of dimethoxy-gossypol molecules form centrosymmetic dimers that are characterized by a pair of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and by hydrophobic stacking between pairs of naphthalene rings. The acetic acid molecule accepts a hydrogen bond from a gossypol hydroxyl group and donates to a hydrogen bond with one of the aldehyde groups of an adjacent gossypol molecule. Although there is less hydrogen bonding in this structure than in the gossypol:acetic acid (1:1) structure, the molecular packing of the two compounds is similar. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s10870-007-9247-0 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 223NF UT WOS:000250376700009 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Kelsey, RG Karchesy, JJ AF Manter, Daniel K. Kelsey, Rick G. Karchesy, Joseph J. TI Antimicrobial activity of extractable conifer heartwood compounds toward Phytophthora ramorum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sudden oak death; fungicide; tropolone; monoterpene; sesquiterpene ID YELLOW-CEDAR TREES; BETA-THUJAPLICIN; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; DECAY RESISTANCE; ESSENTIAL OILS; HINOKITIOL; CALIFORNIA; FOREST; QUANTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION AB Ethyl acetate extracts from heartwood of seven western conifer trees and individual volatile compounds in the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora ramorum. Extracts from incense and western redcedar exhibited the strongest activity, followed by yellow-cedar, western juniper, and Port-Orford-cedar with moderate activity, and no activity for Douglas-fir and redwood extracts. Chemical composition of the extracts varied both qualitatively and quantitatively among the species with a total of 37 compounds identified by mass spectrometry. Of the 13 individual heartwood compounds bioassayed, three showed strong activity with a Log(10) EC50 less than or equal to 1.0 ppm (hinokitiol, thymoquinone, and nootkatin), three expressed moderate activity ranging from 1.0-2.0 ppm (nootkatol, carvacrol, and valencene-11,12-diol), four compounds had weak activity at 2.0-3.0 ppm [alpha-terpineol, valencene-13-ol, (+)-beta-cedrene, (-)-thujopsene], and three had no activity [(+)-cedrol, delta-cadinene, and methyl carvacrol]. All of the most active compounds contained a free hydroxyl group, except thymoquinone. The importance of a free hydroxyl was demonstrated by the tremendous difference in activity between carvacrol (Log(10) EC50 1.81 +/- 0.08 ppm) and methyl carvacrol (Log(10) EC50 > 3.0 ppm). A field trial in California, showed that heartwood chips from redcedar placed on the forest floor for 4 months under Umbellularia californica (California bay laurel) with symptoms of P. ramorum leaf blight significantly limited the accumulation of P. ramorum DNA in the litter layer, compared with heartwood chips from redwood. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Wood Sci & Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2133 EP 2147 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9368-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229ER UT WOS:000250786300012 PM 17929093 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD Schutz, M Kearney, F Willard, S Bowers, S Gandy, S Graves, K AF Eicher, Susan D. Schutz, Michael Kearney, Francis Willard, Scott Bowers, Susan Gandy, Scott Graves, Kenneth TI Prepartum milking effects on parlour behaviour, endocrine and immune responses in Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE prepartum milking; dairy heifers; behaviour; immune responses ID PRIMIPAROUS DAIRY-COWS; PERFORMANCE; HEALTH; PARTURITION; LACTATION; PLASMA; SERUM AB Transition of primiparous heifers to the milking herd is a period with multiple stressors. The objective of these studies was to determine effects of parlour experience and prepartum milking (pre-milking) on behavioural and physiological indicators of stress after calving. Two experiments were conducted, one was in a free-stall housing confinement system and the second was in a modified grazing system. Forty-eight first-calf heifers were assigned to three treatments: control; experienced heifers taken through the parlour without milking; or pre-milk heifers milked for 3 weeks prior to estimated parturition. Blood was collected within 24 h of parturition and on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 following parturition for cortisol and acute phase protein determination. In the grazing system, 20 heifers were assigned to a prepartum milked or control group as in the confinement system and behaviour observations included days -21, -14, -7, -5, -3 and -1 relative to calving and days 1, 3, 7, 9, 14, and 16 post-calving. Milk production was greatest for prepartum milked heifers in both housing systems. However, somatic cell score was reduced by prepartum milking only in the confinement system. Balking occurred least in parlour-experienced heifers. In confinement housing, shifting while in the parlour was the only behaviour that was greater at first milking in control heifers. Kicking was most frequent for parlour experienced heifers on day 2. Grazing system pre-milked heifers shifted more at their first milking (day -21) than did the controls at their first milking (day 1). Shifting within cow was greatest on day -21 compared with day -5 (P < 0.05). Pre-milked heifers shifted more on day 1 post-calving than did the control heifers (P < 0.05). These results showed that shifting was the most indicative behaviour of restlessness, was transient, and decreased by day 5 prior to calving. Cortisol and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein concentrations were not different; however, haptoglobin increased for all treatments up to and including day 3 and haptoglobin concentrations of pre-milked heifers began to decrease by day 5 post-calving. Pre-milked heifers had lower haptoglobin concentrations than the control heifers and tended to have lower concentrations than experienced heifers on day 10 post partum. By day 14 post partum, all haptoglobin concentrations were < 200 mu g/ml, but the haptoglobin concentration of control heifers was greater than that of pre-milked and experienced heifers. These results showed that prepartum milking and parlour experience shorten some acute phase protein responses, but minimally affect early parlour behaviours. C1 [Eicher, Susan D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schutz, Michael; Kearney, Francis] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Willard, Scott; Bowers, Susan; Gandy, Scott; Graves, Kenneth] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 216 Poultry, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Susan.Eicher@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1017/S0022029907002695 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 247JG UT WOS:000252073900007 PM 17651513 ER PT J AU Croissant, AE Washburn, SP Dean, LL Drake, MA AF Croissant, A. E. Washburn, S. P. Dean, L. L. Drake, M. A. TI Chemical properties and consumer perception of fluid milk from conventional and pasture-based production systems SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk; flavor; pasture; sensory ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TOTAL MIXED RATIONS; FED DIFFERENT DIETS; FATTY-ACID; AROMA COMPOUNDS; CHEDDAR CHEESE; DAIRY-COWS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; NEW-ZEALAND AB The continued popularity of organic and natural foods has generated interest in organic milk, and use of pasture for dairy cattle is a requirement for organic production. This process may improve the health benefits of fluid milk via increases in the unsaturated fatty acid content, including conjugated linoleic acid. Because pasture-based (PB) systems vary in types of forage, it is important to understand the impact of feed on the composition and flavor of fluid milk. The objectives of this study were to compare the chemical and sensory properties of PB milk with conventional fluid milk from Jersey and Holstein cows and to evaluate consumer acceptance of those milks. Fluid milk was collected throughout the 2006 growing season from Holstein and Jersey cows located in 2 herds: one fed a PB diet and one fed a conventional total mixed ration (TMR) diet. Milk was batch-pasteurized and homogenized. Sensory analyses, descriptive profiling, difference testing, and consumer testing were conducted on pasteurized products in separate sessions. Instrumental volatile analysis and fatty acid composition profiling were also conducted. The instrumental and sensory analyses differentiated the PB and TMR milks. Greater percentages of unsaturated fatty acids, including 2 common isomers of conjugated linoleic acid, were measured in PB milks. Trained panelists documented greater intensities of grassy and cowy/barny flavors in PB milks compared with TMR milks when evaluated at 15 degrees C. Volatile compound analysis by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry separated PB and TMR milk samples. However, analyses showed no compounds unique to either sample. All identified compounds were common to both samples. Consumers were unable to consistently differentiate between PB and TMR milks when evaluated at 7 degrees C, and cow diet had no effect on overall consumer acceptance. These results indicate distinct flavor and compositional differences between TMR and PB milks, but the differences were such that they did not affect consumer acceptance. The current findings are useful to consider as interest in PB dairy production systems grows. C1 N Carolina State Univ, SE Ctr Dairy Res, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA ARS, South Atlantic Area, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SE Ctr Dairy Res, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM maryanne_drake@ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 BP 4942 EP 4953 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0456 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223AL UT WOS:000250341800005 PM 17954733 ER PT J AU Filya, I Muck, RE Contreras-Govea, FE AF Filya, I. Muck, R. E. Contreras-Govea, F. E. TI Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: Fermentation products and nutritive value SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; lactic acid bacteria; nutritive value; silage ID LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; RUMINAL DEGRADABILITY; AEROBIC STABILITY; PLANTARUM; SORGHUM; WHEAT; CORN AB The effect of 14 microbial inoculants on the fermentation and nutritive value of alfalfa silages was studied under laboratory conditions. The first cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) of a second-year alfalfa stand were ensiled in 2 trials. In both trials alfalfa was harvested with standard field equipment. All inoculants were applied at 1.0 x 10(6) cfu/g of crop. Uninoculated silages served as controls. After inoculants were added, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1.0-and 0.5-L anaerobic glass jars, respectively, at a density of 500 g/L. Each trial had 15 treatments (uninoculated control and 14 inoculants), with 4 silos per treatment. Silos were stored for a minimum of 30 d at room temperature (similar to 22 degrees C). In first-cut silage, all inoculants but one reduced pH relative to the uninoculated control, and all but 2 of the homofermentative strains shifted fermentation toward lactic acid. In second-cut silage, the epiphytic lactic acid bacterial population was 2.7 x 10(7) cfu/g, and only commercial inoculants produced significant shifts in fermentation. Overall, microbial inoculants generally had a positive effect on alfalfa silage characteristics in terms of lower pH and shifting fermentation toward lactic acid with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria or toward acetic acid with heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus buchneri. These effects were stronger in the commercial products tested. In spite of the positive effects on silage fermentation, 48-h in vitro true DM digestibility was not improved by inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM richard.muck@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 BP 5108 EP 5114 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-877 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223AL UT WOS:000250341800023 PM 17954751 ER PT J AU Muck, RE Filya, I Contreras-Govea, FE AF Muck, R. E. Filya, I. Contreras-Govea, F. E. TI Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: In vitro gas and volatile fatty acid production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; in vitro fermentation; lactic acid bacteria ID LACTOBACILLUS-BUCHNERI; RUMINAL DEGRADABILITY; BACTERIAL INOCULANT; AEROBIC STABILITY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; GRASS-SILAGE; FERMENTATION; CORN; DIGESTION; PLANTARUM AB Alfalfa silages from 2 similar trials were analyzed for in vitro ruminal gas production. In both trials, there were 15 treatments: alfalfa treated at ensiling with 1 of 14 lactic acid bacterial inoculants or untreated alfalfa. First-cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second-cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) alfalfa were ensiled in glass jars for a minimum of 35 d at room temperature (similar to 22 degrees C). At opening, a portion of each silage was wet-ground with a mixer. Each silage was then assessed for in vitro ruminal gas production in 3 replicate runs with the wet-ground silage, 1 on the fresh silage and 2 on frozen and thawed silage. In vitro gas production was measured in 160-mL sealed serum vials incubated at 39 degrees C. One gram of silage was incubated with 17.1 mL of nutrient solution, 0.9 mL of reducing solution, and 12 mL of ruminal inoculum (1: 2 vol/vol mixture of rumen fluid and buffer). Gas production was measured manually by using a pressure gauge at 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, and 96 h. At 96 h, the rumen fluid was analyzed for pH and volatile fatty acids. In the 2 trials, the untreated control silage produced either numerically the highest or one of the highest levels of gas production per unit of dry matter incubated. In first-cut silage, 9 of the inoculant treatments at 9 h and 4 treatments at 96 h had reduced gas production compared with the control. In second-cut silage, 10 inoculant treatments at both 9 and 96 h had reduced gas production compared with the control. Furthermore, in first-cut silage, the fraction of total gas production at 3, 6, and 9 h was numerically the highest for the control, and only 4 treatments were not significantly lower than the control at 9 h. In second-cut silage, 2 of 14 inoculated treatments produced faster fractional rates of gas production than the control, but most inoculated treatments had numerically slower fractional rates (4 significant) in the first 9 h. The in vitro fermented wet-ground control silages had one of the highest acetate: propionate ratios in both trials, significantly higher than 12 and 8 of the inoculated treatments in first- and second-cut silage, respectively. The response in acetate: propionate ratio in both cuts was similar, even though the control silage was highest in lactic acid in one trial and lowest in the other. Overall, inoculation of crops at ensiling appears to affect in vitro ruminal fermentation of wet-ground silages, even in the absence of large effects during silage fermentation. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM richard.muck@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 BP 5115 EP 5125 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-878 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223AL UT WOS:000250341800024 PM 17954752 ER PT J AU Goff, JP Brummer, EC Henning, SJ Doorenbos, RK Horst, RL AF Goff, J. P. Brummer, E. C. Henning, S. J. Doorenbos, R. K. Horst, R. L. TI Effect of application of ammonium chloride and calcium chloride on alfalfa cation-anion content and yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dietary cation-anion difference; chloride; alfalfa; milk fever ID MILK FEVER; DAIRY-COWS; PREVENTION; ACID AB A major factor predisposing the cow to periparturient hypocalcemia, or milk fever, is being fed a prepartum ration with a high dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). The DCAD can be favorably altered to prevent milk fever by decreasing K and Na or increasing Cl and S in forages for cows in late gestation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that application of Cl to alfalfa could increase Cl in forage, thereby lowering DCAD. We conducted a field experiment at 2 Iowa locations in which established plots of alfalfa were treated in April 2001 with 0, 56, 112, or 168 kg of Cl/ha using ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, or a mix of the 2 sources with equal amounts of chloride coming from each source. Plots were harvested 4 times in 2001 and once in 2002 and plant tissue analyzed for mineral composition. Applying chloride from either source once in the spring resulted in increased plant chloride content over all 4 cuttings for that year. Averaged across both locations, chloride levels were elevated from 0.52% in control plots to 0.77, 0.87, and 0.89% Cl in plots treated with 56, 112, and 168 kg of Cl/ha, respectively. Chloride application had no effect on plant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus. These results suggest chloride application can elevate chloride content and lower DCAD values of alfalfa, and also maintain crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jesseg@westcentral.net NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 BP 5159 EP 5164 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0070 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223AL UT WOS:000250341800028 PM 17954756 ER PT J AU Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Beitz, DC Waters, WR AF Foote, M. R. Nonnecke, B. J. Beitz, D. C. Waters, W. R. TI Antigen-specific B-cell responses by neonatal calves after early vaccination SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neonatal vaccination; B cell; Mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus Calmette-; Guerin; preruminant calf ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; CALMETTE-GUERIN; ACTIVATION; SURFACE; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; CD5 AB The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of early vaccination on the phenotype (i.e., activation marker expression) and functional capacity of B cell populations in neonatal calves. In the first of 2 experiments, 6 calves were vaccinated with ovalbumin at 3 and 5 wk of age. Three of the 6 calves also were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis, strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 3 wk of age. Mycobacterium bovis lipoarabinomannan-reactive IgG(1) and IgG(2) were detected in calf sera prior to vaccination, indicative of colostral transfer of maternal Ig cross-specific to BCG. Ovalbumin-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2) were not detected before vaccination. Vaccination of 3-wk-old calves with ovalbumin elicited antigen-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2) antibody responses that were amplified by secondary vaccination. Vaccination with BCG did not elicit a measurable antibody response. In the second experiment, 6 calves were vaccinated with ovalbumin at 3 and 5 wk of age in addition to BCG at 3 wk of age. Lymph node cell populations stimulated with ovalbumin had decreased CD5, CD21, and CD40 expression and increased B-B2, CD25, and CD80 expression on IgM(+) cells. Stimulation of the same population with purified-protein derivative increased CD25 and CD80 expression on IgM(+) cells. Expression of activation molecules on ovalbumin- and purified protein derivative-stimulated CD5(+) IgM(+) cells was similar to expression on the larger IgM(+) cell population. An increased expression of major histocompatibility class II on CD5(+) IgM(+) cells after stimulation was the only exception. Interestingly, IgM(+) cells isolated from the superficial cervical lymph node draining the vaccination site, but not from the opposing cervical lymph node, responded to antigen stimulation in vitro. In conclusion, calves generated B cell responses to ovalbumin and BCG after vaccination. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether maternal immunologic experience transferred via colostral immunoglobulin inhibits production of mycobacteria-specific immunoglobulin production in the calf. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Nutr Physiol Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM brian.nonnecke@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 BP 5208 EP 5217 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0285 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 223AL UT WOS:000250341800033 PM 17954761 ER PT J AU Wojan, TR Lambert, DM McGranahan, DA AF Wojan, Timothy R. Lambert, Dayton M. McGranahan, David A. TI Emoting with their feet: Bohemian attraction to creative milieu SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Rural Creative Economy CY JUN, 2006 CL Mystic, CT DE artist location; human-scale interaction; economic dynamism; spatial econometrics ID ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHY; FIRM FORMATION; INNOVATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB Creative class theory posits that creative people are attracted to places most conducive to creative activity. The association of the share of employment in the arts with various indicators of economic dynamism provides plausible support for this conjecture. We explicitly test this conjecture by modeling the 1990 share of employment in the arts at the county level, and then use the residual from this regression to explain differences in various measures of economic dynamism between 1990 and 2000. Our results support the hypothesis that an unobserved creative milieu that attracts artists increases local economic dynamism. C1 [Wojan, Timothy R.; McGranahan, David A.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Lambert, Dayton M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wojan, TR (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM twojan@ers.usda.gov; dmlambert@tennessee.edu; dmcg@ers.usda.gov RI French, Shaun/B-1155-2010 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1468-2702 J9 J ECON GEOGR JI J. Econ. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 711 EP 736 DI 10.1093/jeg/lbm029 PG 26 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 240HW UT WOS:000251579700002 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Holland, MM Moore, MT Cooper, CM AF Kroeger, R. Holland, M. M. Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. TI Hydrological variability and agricultural drainage ditch inorganic nitrogen reduction capacity SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; WATER-QUALITY; ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WASTE-WATER; NUTRIENT; LOSSES; RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; REMOVAL AB The application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on agricultural landscapes has the potential to generate concerns of environmental degradation at fine to coarse scales across the catchment and landscape. Inorganic nitrogen species (No-3(-), NO2 and NH3) are typically associated with subsurface flow processes; however, surface runoff from rainfall events in no-till agriculture with inorganic surface fertilizers might contribute to downstream eutrophication. Inorganic nitrogen reduction capacity of agricultural drainage ditches under no-till cotton was determined under natural, variable rainfall conditions in northern Mississippi. Monthly grab base flow samples and storm-generated flow samples were variably sampled temporally within two experimental farm ditches over 2 yr. Inorganic nitrogen concentrations, in conjunction with Manning's equation and Natural Resources Conservation Service dimensionless hydrographs, provided individual water volumes per storm event and thus maximum effluent and outflow nitrogen loads. Base and stormflow regression results indicate drainage ditches reducing NO3- and NH3 over the length of the ditch for growing and dormant seasons. Overall, maximum storm loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) from the farm over the 2-yr sampling period accounted for 2.2% of the initial fertilizer application, of which 1.1% left the ditch (0.84 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) (a 57% ditch reduction of DIN load over 2 yr). Long-term sampling incorporating data on application and loss of fertilizers and farm management will provide critical information for farmers and scientists on the potential of economic gains and downstream ecosystem eutrophication, respectively. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kroger@olemiss.edu NR 33 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1646 EP 1652 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0506 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400011 PM 17940264 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Smith, DR Brye, KR AF Haggard, Brian E. Smith, Douglas R. Brye, Kristofor R. TI Variations in stream water and sediment phosphorus among select ozark catchments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; HOXIE GORGE CREEK; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; LAND-USE; PHOSPHATE AB Stream sediments play a large role in the transport and fate of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in stream ecosystems, and equilibrium P concentrations (EPC0) of benthic sediments at which P is neither adsorbed nor desorbed are often related to stream water SRP concentrations. This study evaluated (i) the variation among water chemistry and sediment-P interactions among streams draining catchments that varied in the land use; (ii) the relations between SRP concentration, sediment EPC0, and other measured abiotic factors (e.g., particle size distribution, solpe of linear sorption isotherms, etc.) in the streams sediments; and (iii) the use of the traditional Mehlic-3 (M3) soil extraction on stream sediments. Stream water and sediments were sampled at 22 selected Ozark streams in northwest Arkansas during fall 2003 and spring 2004. Nitrate-N concentrations in the water column (r = 0.69) and modified P saturation ratios (PSRmod) of the benthic sediments (r = -0.56) and Mehlich-3-extractable P (M3P) content (r = -0.47) decreased with an increase in the percent forested area. Soluble reactive P concentrations in the stream water were positively correlated to sediment EPC0 (r = 0.51), although sediment EPC0 was generally greater than SRP. The M3 soil extraction was useful in identifying abiotic factors related to SRP concentrations were positively correlated to M3P contents (r = 0.50) and PSRmod (r = 0.71) of the benthic sediments. Thus, M3P and EPC0 estimates from stream sediments may be valuable yet simple indicators of whether benthic sediments act as sinks or sources of P in fluvial systems, as well as estimating changes in stream SRP concentrations. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Arkansas, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1734 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0517 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400020 PM 17940273 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, MS Kleinman, PIA Sharpley, AN Bud, T Gburek, WJ AF Srinivasan, M. S. Kleinman, P. J. A. Sharpley, A. N. Bud, T. Gburek, W. J. TI Hydrology of small field plots used to study phosphorus runoff under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SWINE MANURE; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; OVERLAND-FLOW; SCALE; TRANSPORT; WATERSHEDS; FERTILIZER; GENERATION AB Use of small plots and rainfall simulators to extrapolate trends in runoff water quality requires careful consideration of hydrologic process represented under such conditions. A modified version of the National Phosphorus Runoff Project (NPRP) protocol was used to assess the hydrology of paired 1 x 2 m plots established on two soils with contrasting hydrologic properties (somewhat poorly drained vs. well drained). Rain simulations (60 mm h(-1)) were conducted to generate 30 min of runoff. For the somewhat poorly drained soil, simulations were conducted in October and May to contrast dry conditions typically targeted by NPRP protocols with wet conditions generally associated with natural runoff. For the well-drained soil, only dry conditions (October) were evaluated. Under dry antecedent moisture conditions, an average of 64mm of rainfall was applied to the somewhat poorly drained soil to generate 30 min of runoff, as opposed to 96mm to the well-drained soil. At an extreme, differences in rainfall were equivalent to a 50-yr rainfall-return period. An absence of detectable spatial trends in surface soil moisture suggests uniformity of runoff processes within the plots. No differences in applied rainfall were evident between wet and dry antecedent conditions for the somewhat poorly drained soil. However, significant differences in runoff generation processes were observed in dissolved P concentrations between wet and dry conditions. As natural runoff from the somewhat poorly drained soil is largely under wet antecedent conditions, this study highlights the need for care in interpreting findings from generalized protocols that favor infiltration-excess runoff mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, AgRes Ltd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. AN Sharpley Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ New Hampshire Cooperat Extens, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kleinman, PIA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM peter.kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1833 EP 1842 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400031 PM 17965386 ER PT J AU Berry, ED Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Thurston, JA Wells, JE AF Berry, Elaine D. Woodbury, Bryan L. Nienaber, John A. Eigenberg, Roger A. Thurston, Jeanette A. Wells, James E. TI Incidence and persistence of zoonotic bacterial and protozoan pathogens in a beef cattle feedlot runoff control-vegetative treatment system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; BOVINE MANURE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; FECAL BACTERIA; BUFFER STRIPS AB Determining the survival of zoonotic pathogens in livestock manure and turnoff is critical for understanding the environmental and public health risks associated with these wastes. The occurrence and persistence of the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. in a passive beef cattle feedlot runoff control-vegetative treatment system were examined over a 26-mo period. Incidence of the protozoans Cryptosparidium spp. and Giarida spp. was also assessed. The control system utilizes a shallow basin to collect liquid volume is attained, the liquid is discharged from the basin onto a 4.5-ha vegetative treatment area (VTA) of bromegrass which is harvested as hay. Basin discharge transported E. coli O157, Campylobacter fspp., and generic E. coli into the VTA soil, but without additional discharge from the basin, the pathogen prevalences decreased over time. Similarly, the VTA soil concentrations of generic E. coli initially decreased rapidly, but lower residual populations persisted. Isolationh of Cryptospordium oocysts and Giardia cysts form VTA samples was infrequent, indicating differences in sedimentation and/or transport in comparison to bacteria. Isolationh of generic E. coli from freshly cut hay from VTA regions that received basin discharge (12 of 30 vs. 1 of 30 control samples) provided evidence for the risk of contamination; however, neither E. coli O157 or Campylobacter spp. were recovered from the hay following baling. This work indicates that the runoff control system is effective for reducing environment risk by containing and removing pathogens from feedlot runoff. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Elaine.Berry@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1873 EP 1882 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0100 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400035 PM 17965390 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RE Needelman, BA Kleinman, PJA Allen, AL AF Vaughan, Robert E. Needelman, Brian A. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Allen, Arthur L. TI Vertical distribution of phosphorus in agricultural drainage ditch soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER-QUALITY; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; EUTROPHICATION; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; STATES AB Pedological process such as gleization and organic matter accumulation may affect the vertical distribution of P within agricultural drainage ditch soils. The objective of this study was to assess the vertical distribution of P as a function of horizonation in ditch soils at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Farm in Princess Anne, Maryland. Twenty-one profiles were sampled from 10 agricultural ditches ranging in length from 225 to 550 m. Horizon samples were analyzed for total P; water extractable P; Mehlich-3 P; acid ammonium oxalate-extractable P, Fe, and Al (P-ox, Fe-ox, Al-ox); pH; and organic C (n = 126). Total P ranged from 27 to 4882 mg kg(-1), P-ox from 4 to 4631 mg kg(-1), Mehlich-3 P from 2 to 401 mg kg(-1), and water-extractable P from 0 to 17 mg kg(-1). Soil-forming processes that result in differences between horizons had a strong relationship with various P fractions and P sorption capacity. Fibric organic horizons at the ditch soil surface had the greatest mean P-ox, Fe-ox, and Al-ox concentrations of any horizon class. Gleyed A horizons had a mean Fe-ox concentrations 2.6 times lower than dark A horizons and were significantly lower in total P and P-ox. Variation in P due to organic matter accumulation and gleization provide critical insight into short- and long-term dynamics of P in ditch soilds and should be accounted for when applying ditch management practices. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Needelman, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1109 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bneed@umd.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1903 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0488 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231TR UT WOS:000250972400037 PM 17965392 ER PT J AU Dambroski, HR Feder, JL AF Dambroski, H. R. Feder, J. L. TI Host plant and latitude-related diapause variation in Rhagoletis pomonella: a test for multifaceted life history adaptation on different stages of diapause development SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diapause depth and termination; eclosion time; geographical variation; host races; nondiapause development; sympatric speciation ID APPLE MAGGOT FLY; GOLDENROD GALL FLY; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; RACE FORMATION; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; POTENTIAL FECUNDITY; BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; UNITED-STATES AB Variation in the overwintering pupal diapause of Rhagoletis pomonella appears to adapt sympatric populations of the fly to seasonal differences in the fruiting times of their host plants, generating ecological reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate what aspects of diapause development are differentially affected (1) by comparing the propensities of apple vs. hawthorn-infesting host races of R. pomonella to forgo an initially deep diapause and directly develop into adults, and (2) by determining the chronological order that R. pomonella races and sibling species break diapause and eclose when reared under standardized environmental conditions. The results imply that factors affecting initial diapause depth (and/or differential mortality during the prewintering period) and those determining the timing of diapause termination or rates of post-diapause development are both under differential selection and are to some degree genetically uncoupled in flies. The modular nature of diapause life history adaptation in Rhagoletis suggests that phenology may involve multiple genetic changes and represent a stronger ecological barrier separating phytophagous specialists than is generally appreciated. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Dept Sci Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USDA ARS, MWA, Cereal Dis Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Feder, JL (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Dept Sci Biol, PO Box 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jfeder@nd.edu NR 58 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2112 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01435.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 222LK UT WOS:000250298300003 PM 17956381 ER PT J AU Parveen, S Taabodi, M Schwarz, JG Oscar, TP Harter-Dennis, J White, DG AF Parveen, Salina Taabodi, Maryam Schwarz, Jurgen G. Oscar, Thomas P. Harter-Dennis, Jeanine White, David G. TI Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella recovered from processed poultry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ANIMAL ORIGIN; UNITED-STATES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; SAMPLING METHODS; CARCASSES; PROFILES; ENTERICA; FOODS AB This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates recovered from processed poultry. Four hundred eighty pre- and postchill whole broiler chicken carcasses were collected from a poultry processing plant between July 2004 and June 2005. Water samples also were collected at the entrance and exit of the chiller. After preenrichment, carcass and water samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using the automated BAX system followed by traditional culture methods. The proportions of pre- and postchill carcasses that were positive for Salmonella were 88.4 and 84.1%, respectively. Ninety-two percent of water samples collected at the entrance of the chiller were positive for Salmonella, but all exit samples were negative. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella between pre- and postchill carcasses (P > 0.05). Salmonella isolates recovered were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials. Thirteen serotypes were identified; the most common were Salmonella Kentucky (59.5%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (17.8%). Three hundred thirty-nine (79.8%).of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 53.4% were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (73.4% of isolates), ampicillin (52.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (52%), ceftiofur (51.7%), streptomycin (35.2%), and sulfisoxazole (21.8%). These results indicate the high prevalence of Salmonella contamination in whole broiler carcasses, and a large number of these Salmonella isolates were resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Food Sci & Technol Program, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Parveen, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Food Sci & Technol Program, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM sparveen@umes.edu NR 47 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2466 EP 2472 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100002 PM 18044422 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, Brendan A. TI Relative efficacy of sodium hypochlorite wash versus irradiation to inactivate Escherichia coli O157 : H7 internalized in leaves of romaine lettuce and baby spinach SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; IRRIGATION WATER; TRANSMISSION; TYPHIMURIUM; SENSITIVITY; CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK; PRODUCE; FOODS AB Pathogenic bacteria that become internalized in leaf tissues are protected from the antimicrobial effects of surface treatments. Ionizing radiation is known to penetrate food tissues, but the efficacy of the process against internalized bacteria is unknown. Leaves of Romaine lettuce and baby spinach were cut into pieces, submerged in a cocktail mixture of three isolates of Escherichia coli O157:117, and subjected to a vacuum perfusion process to force the bacterial cells into the intercellular spaces in the leaves. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the efficacy of the perfusion process. The inoculated leaves were then treated with a 3-min water wash, a 3-min wash with a sodium hypochlorite sanitizing solution (300 or 600 ppm), or various doses of ionizing radiation (0.25 to 1.5 kGy). Leaves were stomached to recover the internalized pathogen cells, which were enumerated. The vacuum perfusion effectively forced bacteria into the leaf vasculature and apoplast, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. For spinach leaf pieces, neither the water nor the sodium hypochlorite washes resulted in significant reductions of E. coli O157:H7 cells relative to the untreated control. For Romaine lettuce leaf pieces, 300 and 600 ppm sodium hypochlorite each resulted in less than 1-log reduction; water wash was ineffective. Ionizing radiation, in contrast, significantly reduced the pathogen population, with 4-log (Romaine lettuce) or 3-log (spinach) reductions at the highest dose tested. In Romaine leaves, the reduction was dose dependent across the range of doses tested, with a D(10)-value (the amount of irradiation necessary to reduce the population by 1 log unit) of 0.39 kGy. In spinach leaves, the pathogen had a biphasic response, with a D(10)-value of 0.27 kGy in the range of 0 to 0.75 kGy but only slight additional reductions from 0.75 to 1.5 kGy. In this study, ionizing radiation but not chemical sanitizers effectively reduced viable E. coli O157:H7 cells internalized in leafy green vegetables, but the response of the pathogen to irradiation was more complex in spinach leaves than in Romaine lettuce leaves. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM brendan.niemira@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2526 EP 2532 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100010 PM 18044430 ER PT J AU Wang, H Liang, W Feng, H Luo, Y AF Wang, Hua Liang, Wei Feng, Hao Luo, Yaguang TI Modeling of the effect of washing solution flow conditions on Escherichia coli O157 : H7 population reduction on fruit surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAINLESS-STEEL; APPLES; CLEANABILITY; CANTALOUPE; EFFICACY; LETTUCE; INACTIVATION; SANITIZERS AB Washing produce with sanitizing solutions is an important step in reducing microbial populations during postharvest handling. Little information exists regarding the effects of washing solution flow conditions on the efficacy of pathogen reduction during washing. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of washing conditions such as flow velocity, agitation rate, and contact time on the reduction of Escherichia coli O15TH7 populations from the surfaces of cantaloupe rind and cut apples. Top surfaces of cylindrical samples were spot inoculated with E. coli O157:1-17 and treated with peroxyacetic acid (POAA; 80 mg/liter) solution under different flow velocities and agitation rates and with different washing modes. Test results indicate that the reduction rate of E. coli O157:H7 increased with the increase in flow velocity and agitation rate under the testing conditions. In a 3-min treatment in the flow-through chamber, the E. coli O15TH7 count reduction on cantaloupe rind and cup apples reached 2.5 and 2.3 log CFU/cm(2), respectively, when the flow velocity increased from 0.0 to 0.8 m/min. Agitation conducted at the bottom of the treatment chamber reduced the E. coli O157:H7 population on cut apples by 1.2 log CFU/cm(2) in 3 min, whereas in the treatment with the agitation over the top of the chamber, the survival count of E. coli O157:1-17 was reduced by only 0.8 log CFU/cm(2). The experimental data were used to fit four microbial reduction kinetic models. It was found that E. coli O15TH7 reduction from the fruit surfaces was best described by the Weibull model. These findings may be useful in designing produce wash systems for achieving enhanced pathogen reduction and improved produce quality and safety. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM haofeng@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2533 EP 2540 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100011 PM 18044431 ER PT J AU Guerini, MN Brichta-Harhay, DM Shackelford, SD Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Guerini, Michael N. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Shackelford, Steven D. Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Listeria prevalence and listeria monocytogenes serovar diversity at cull cow and bull processing plants in the united states SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TO-EAT FOODS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA; BEEF; STANDARD; O157-H7; MEAT AB Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of epidemic and sporadic listeriosis, is routinely isolated from many sources, including cattle, yet information on the prevalence of Listeria in beef processing plants in the United States is minimal. From July 2005 through April 2006, four commercial cow and bull processing plants were sampled in the United States to determine the prevalence of Listeria and the serovar diversity of L. monocytogenes. Samples were collected during the summer, fall, winter, and spring. Listeria prevalence on hides was consistently higher during cooler weather (28 to 92% of samples) than during warmer weather (6 and 77% of samples). The Listeria prevalence data collected from preevisceration carcass ranged from undetectable in some warm season samples to as high as 71 % during cooler weather. Listeria on postintervention carcasses in the chill cooler was normally undetectable, with the exception of summer and spring samples from one plant where >19% of the carcasses were positive for Listeria. On hides, L. monocytogenes serovar 1/2a was the predominant serovar observed, with serovars 1/2b and 4b present 2.5 times less often and serovar 1/2c not detected on any hides sampled. L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a, 1/2c, and 4b were found on postintervention carcasses. This prevalence study demonstrates that Listeria species are more prevalent on hides during the winter and spring and that interventions being used in cow and bull processing plants appear to be effective in reducing or eliminating Listeria contamination on carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Guerini, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM michael.guerini@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2578 EP 2582 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100017 PM 18044437 ER PT J AU Moreno-Enriquez, RI Garcia-Galaz, A Acedo-Felix, E Gonzalez-Rios, H Call, JE Luchansky, JB Diaz-Cinco, ME AF Moreno-Enriquez, R. I. Garcia-Galaz, A. Acedo-Felix, E. Gonzalez-Rios, H. Call, J. E. Luchansky, J. B. Diaz-Cinco, M. E. TI Prevalence, types and geographical distribution of listeria monocytogenes from a survey of retail queso fresco and associated cheese processing plants and dairy farms in Sonora. Mexico SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTAMINATION; STRAINS AB In the first part of this study, samples were collected from farms, cheese processing plants (CPPs), and retail markets located in various geographical areas of Sonora, Mexico, over a 12-month period during the summer of 2004 and winter of 2005. Four (all Queso Fresco [QF] from retail markets) of 349 total samples tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Of these four positive samples, three were collected in the northern region and one in the southern region of Sonora. Additionally, two were collected during the winter months, and two were collected during the summer months. For the second part of the study, a total of 39 samples from a farm, a CPP, and retail markets were collected and processed according to a combination of the Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-143-SSAI-1995.10 method (NOM) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual method, and 27 samples from these same locations were collected and processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service method (USDA-FSIS). The NOM-FDA method recovered the pathogen from 6 (15%) of 39 samples (one cheese and five product contact surfaces), while the USDA-FSlS method recovered the pathogen from 5 (18.5%) of 27 samples (all product contact surfaces). In addition, the 40 isolates recovered from the 15 total samples that tested positive for Lm grouped into five distinct pulsotypes that were ca. 60% related, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The results of this study confirmed a 3.4% prevalence of Lm in QF collected from retail markets located in Sonora and no appreciable difference in the effectiveness of either the NOM-FDA or USDA-FSlS method to recover the pathogen from cheese or environmental samples. C1 Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Diaz-Cinco, ME (reprint author), Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, AC Carretera Victoria Km 0-6,Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. EM mdiaz@cascabel.ciad.mx RI Acedo Felix, Evelia/A-4584-2013 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2601 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100020 PM 18044440 ER PT J AU Abou-Zeid, KA Yoon, KS Oscar, TP Schwarz, JG Hashem, FM Whiting, RC AF Abou-Zeid, K. A. Yoon, K. S. Oscar, T. P. Schwarz, J. G. Hashem, F. M. Whiting, R. C. TI Survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes in broth as a function of temperature, pH, and potassium lactate and sodium diacetate concentrations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LAG PHASE DURATION; ENHANCED INHIBITION; PREDICTIVE MODEL; SMOKED SALMON; 4-DEGREES-C; STORAGE; BEEF; PRODUCT; ACETATE; MEAT AB The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of a combination of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate (0, 1.8, 3, and 4.5%; PURASAL P Opti.Forrn 4, 60% solution) on the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in pH-adjusted broth (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0) stored at 4, 10, 17, 24, 30, and 37 degrees C. Appropriate dilutions of broth were enumerated by spiral plating on tryptose agar and counted with an automated colony counter. Growth data were iteratively fit, using nonlinear regression analysis to a three-phase linear model, using GraphPad PRISM. At PH 5.5, the combination of lactate-diacetate fully inhibited (P < 0.001) the growth of L. monocytogenes at all four levels and six temperatures. At PH 6.0, addition of 1.8% lactate-diacetate reduced (P < 0.001) the specific growth rate of L. monocytogenes and increased lag time; however, 3 and 4.5% completely inhibited the growth at the six temperatures studied. Efficacy of the lactate-diacetate mixture was decreased as PH increased and incubation temperature increased. Thus, at PH 6.5, at least 3% was required to retard (P < 0.001) the growth of L. monocytogenes in broth. There was a limited effect of the lactate-diacetate level on the specific growth rate of the pathogen at pH 7.0. However, 1.8 and 3% significantly lengthened the lag time at 4 and 10 degrees C. These results suggest that 1.8% of lactate-diacetate mixture can be used as a substantial hurdle to the growth of L. monocytogenes when refrigerated temperatures are maintained for products with PH less than 6.5. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 130701, South Korea. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yoon, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM ksyoon@khu.ac.kr NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2620 EP 2625 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100025 PM 18044445 ER PT J AU Breidt, F Hayes, J McFeeters, RF AF Breidt, Fred, Jr. Hayes, Janet McFeeters, Roger F. TI Determination of 5-log reduction times for food pathogens in acidified cucumbers during storage at 10 and 25 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERMAL INACTIVATION; STATIONARY-PHASE; ACID; PH AB Outbreaks of acid-resistant foodborne pathogens in acid foods with pH values below 4.0, including apple cider and orange juice, have raised concerns about the safety of acidified vegetable products. For acidified vegetable products with pH values between 3.3 and 4.6, previous research has demonstrated that thermal treatments are needed to achieve a 5-log reduction in the numbers of Escherichia coli O15:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella enterica. For some acidified vegetable products with a pH of 3.3 or below, heat processing can result in unacceptable product quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the holding times needed to achieve a 5-log reduction in E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica strains in acidified vegetable products with acetic acid as the primary acidulant, a pH of 3.3 or below, and a minimum equilibrated temperature of 10 degrees C. We found E. coli O15:H7 to be the most acid-resistant microorganism for the conditions tested, with a predicted time to achieve a 5-log reduction in cell numbers at 10 degrees C of 5.7 days, compared with 2.1 days (51 h) for Salmonella or 0.5 days (11.2 h) for Listeria. At 25 degrees C, the E. coli 0 1 57:H7 population achieved a 5-log reduction in 1.4 days (34.3 h). C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2638 EP 2641 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100028 PM 18044448 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA McGovern, AE AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann McGovern, Amy E. TI Species-specific identification of Penicillium linked to patulin contamination SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PATHWAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOEPOXYDON; MYCOTOXINS; GENE AB Certain species of Penicillium have been reported to produce the mycotoxin patulin, and research was undertaken to identify these with the use of oligonucleotide primer pairs. Species examined were found in food, plants, and soil and were reported to produce patulin. Penicillium expansum is the most commonly detected species linked to the presence of patulin in apple juice. At least 10 different enzymes are involved in the patulin biosynthetic pathway, including the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene. Based on nucleotide sequences previously determined for the idh gene in Penicillium species, PCR primers were designed for the species-specific detection of patul in-producing species. The 5 ' primers were based on differences in the second intron of the idh gene. To ensure that the primer pairs produced a PCR product restricted to the species for which it was designed, and not to unrelated species, all of the primer pairs were tested against all of the Penicillium species. With one exception, it was possible to detect a reaction only with the organism of interest. The primer pair for Penicillium griseofulvum also amplified DNA from Penicillium dipodomyicola, a closely related species; however, it was possible to distinguish between these two species by doing a second amplification, with a different primer pair specific only for P. dipodomyicola. Consequently, with different primer sets, it was possible to identify individual patulin-producing species of Penicillium. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maryann.dombrinkkurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2646 EP 2650 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 228QH UT WOS:000250744100030 PM 18044450 ER PT J AU Widmer, KW Soni, KA Hume, ME Beier, RC Jesudrasan, P Pillai, SD AF Widmer, K. W. Soni, K. A. Hume, M. E. Beier, R. C. Jesudrasan, P. Pillai, S. D. TI Identification of poultry meat-derived fatty acids functioning as quorum sensing signal inhibitors to autoinducer-2 (AI-2) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autoinducer-2; fatty acids; inhibition; poultry meat; quorum sensing ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOFILM FORMATION; HALOGENATED FURANONES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; DELISEA-PULCHRA; RED ALGA; LUXS; BACTERIA; COMMUNICATION; METABOLISM AB Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a compound that plays a key role in bacterial cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing). Previous research has shown certain food matrices inhibit this signaling compound. Using the reporter strain, Vibrio harveyi BB170, quorum-sensing inhibitors contained in poultry meat wash (PMW) samples were characterized by molecular weight and hydrophobic properties using liquid chromatography systems. Most fractions, that demonstrated AI-2 inhibition were 13.7 kDa or less, and had hydrophobic properties. Hexane was used to extract inhibitory compounds from a PMW preparation and the extract was further separated by gas chromatography (GC). Several fatty acids were identified and quantified. Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid were each tested for inhibition at 0.1, 1, and 10 mM concentrations. All samples expressed AI-2 inhibition (ranging from approximately 25% to 99%). Fatty acids, combined in concentrations equivalent to those determined by GC analysis, expressed inhibition at 59.5%, but higher combined concentrations (10- and 100-fold) had inhibition at 84.4% and 69.5%, respectively. The combined fatty acids (100-fold) did not demonstrate a substantial decrease in colony plate counds, despite presenting high AI-2 inhibition. These fatty acids, through modulating quorum sensing by inhibition, may offer a unique means to control foodborne pathogens and reduce microbial spoilage. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci & Nutr & Food Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci & Nutr & Food Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu OI Widmer, Kenneth/0000-0002-8154-5373 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 72 IS 9 BP M363 EP M368 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00527.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 237RR UT WOS:000251394600033 PM 18034729 ER PT J AU Choi, SP Kang, MY Koh, HJ Nam, SH Friedman, M AF Choi, Sun Phil Kang, Mi Young Koh, Hee Jong Nam, Seok Hyun Friedman, Mendel TI Antiallergic activities of pigmented rice bran extracts in cell assays SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allergy; antiallergic black rice bran; basophilic cells; cytokines; histamine; mast cells; beta-hexosaminidase ID LEUKEMIA RBL-2H3 CELLS; BLACK RICE; MAST-CELLS; IN-VITRO; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; TNF-ALPHA; ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES; SHOYU-POLYSACCHARIDES; SOY-SAUCE; DEGRANULATION AB Using a panel of chemical, biochemical, and cell assays, we determined inhibitory effects of extracts of the pigmented black rice brans on in vitro allergic reactions. Ethanol-water (70% v/v) extracts from 5 pigmented brans were found to be more effective than an extract from a nonpigmented rice cultivar in suppressing the release of histamine and beta-hexosaminidase from basophilic RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with both Ionophore A23187 and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-antigen complexes. Suppression was also obtained with A23187-stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells. The extent of inhibition of these 2 markers of the immune response was accompanied by the observed modulation of the proinflammatory cytokine gene expressions and cytokine release, as indicated by the reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, and IL-6 mRNA expressions determined with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reduction of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 protein release from both the cultured cell line and peritoneal cells was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays. Rice bran from the LK1-3-6-12-1-1 cultivar was the most effective inhibitor in all assays. This particular rice variety merits further evaluation as part of a human diet to ascertain its potential to protect against allergic diseases such as hay fever and asthma. C1 Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr; mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 72 IS 9 BP S719 EP S726 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00562.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 237RR UT WOS:000251394600059 PM 18034759 ER PT J AU Kartika, H Li, QX Wall, MM Nakamoto, ST Iwaoka, WT AF Kartika, H. Li, Q. X. Wall, M. M. Nakamoto, S. T. Iwaoka, W. T. TI Major phenolic acids and total antioxidant activity in Mamaki leaves, Pipturus albidus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; herbal drink; Mamaki tea; Pipturus albidus; polyphenols ID VEGETABLES; FRUITS; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; METABOLISM; STRESS; TEAS AB Three phenolic acids, (+)catechins, chlorogenic acid, and rutin, were identified and quantified in Mamaki leaves using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique. Concentrations of (+)catechins, chlorogenic acid, and rutin varied from 1.1 to 5.0 mg/g of Mamaki leaves as determined in the extract using 0.5% acetic acid in 90% aqueous methanol. This study also quantified total antioxidant capacity using the photochemiluminescence method, which was expressed in equivalents to ascorbic acid (AA). Mamaki teas brewed for 30 min contained total antioxidant activity (TAA) between 238 and 259 mg AA/g of tea. Mamaki teas brewed for 1 h and stored at 4 h, 1 d, and 3 d at 4 degrees C had available TAA 293, 271, 172, and 163 mg AA/g of tea leaves, respectively. The concentrations of (+)catechins and rutin in Mamaki leaves are compared to other types of popular teas. Mamaki teas contained relatively low amounts of TAA compared to green teas and Lipton teas. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Iwaoka, WT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, 1955 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM iwaoka@hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 72 IS 9 BP S696 EP S701 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00530.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 237RR UT WOS:000251394600055 PM 18034755 ER PT J AU Zaffuto, KM Piccone, ME Burrage, TG Balinsky, CA Risatti, GR Borca, MV Holinka, LG Rock, DL Afonso, CL AF Zaffuto, K. M. Piccone, M. E. Burrage, T. G. Balinsky, C. A. Risatti, G. R. Borca, M. V. Holinka, L. G. Rock, D. L. Afonso, C. L. TI Classical swine fever virus inhibits nitric oxide production in infected macrophages SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; IN-VITRO; ARGINASE; REPLICATION; INTERLEUKIN-12; INTERFERON; CELLS AB Classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-macrophage interactions during infection were analysed by examining macrophage transcriptional responses via microarray. Eleven genes had increased mRNA levels (> 2.5-fold, P < 0.05) in infected cell cultures, including arginase-1, an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, chemokine receptor 4 and interleukin-1 beta Lower levels of nitric oxide and increased arginase activity were found in CSFV-infected macrophages. These changes in gene expression in macrophages suggest viral modulation of host expression to suppress nitric oxide production. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 BP 3007 EP 3012 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83042-0 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 229HX UT WOS:000250795000012 PM 17947523 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, T Miller, S AF Tworkoski, T. Miller, S. TI Endogenous hormone concentrations and bud-break response to exogenous benzyl adenine in shoots of apple trees with two growth habits grown on three rootstocks SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLEM SAP; 6-BENZYLAMINO PURINE; APICAL DOMINANCE; PRUNUS-PERSICA; MCINTOSH APPLE; ABSCISIC-ACID; GRANNY-SMITH; GC-MS; CYTOKININ; PLANTS AB Scions from two siblings of a 'Goldspur Delicious' X 'Redspur Delicious' cross were budded to three rootstocks with different levels of vigour [M.9, M.7, and Malus domesticaAntanovka' seedling] and planted in the field in 1997. The scions had two contrasting growth habits: one with narrow crotch angles, numerous short branches and an upright narrow (UN) canopy; and the other with wide crotch angles, few short branches, and a spreading round (SR) canopy. Shoot tips were collected at the time of bud-break in April 2004 and analysed for auxin (AUX), cytokinins (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA) to determine relationships between scion growth habit, size-controlling rootstock, and shoot tip hormone concentrations. Although not statistically different, the UN growth habit had numerically higher AUX, lower ABA, and equivalent CK levels as the SR growth habit. These differences resulted in statistically higher AUX:CK ratios (ACR). It is possible that the higher ACR contributed to the UN growth habit, which had more anti-gravitrophic shoot growth and appeared to have greater apical dominance than the SR growth habit. Either growth habit, grown on seedling rootstock, had nearly twice the ACR than on M.7 or M.9 rootstocks. The synthetic CK, 6-benzyl adenine (BA), was applied to 30 cm shoot explants of both growth habits in a greenhouse in March 2006. An 8.7 mM BA concentration stimulated bud-break in both growth habits, compared with controls, and bud-break was increased more in the UN than the SR growth habit. The results indicate that the ACR may be a factor regulating bud-break and the development of growth habit in apple scions, and that rootstock modified the hormone concentrations in shoot tips. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tom.tworkoski@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 82 IS 6 BP 960 EP 966 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 236WA UT WOS:000251332900022 ER PT J AU Borah, DK Arnold, JG Bera, M Krug, EC Liang, XZ AF Borah, Deva K. Arnold, Jeffrey G. Bera, Maitreyee Krug, Edward C. Liang, Xin-Zhong TI Storm event and continuous hydrologic modeling for comprehensive and efficient watershed Simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOURCE POLLUTION MODELS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; PARAMETERS; SEDIMENT; BASINS; SWAT AB Based on recent reviews of 11 physically based watershed models, the long-term continuous model soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and the storm event dynamic watershed simulation model (DWSM) were selected to examine their hydrologic formulations, calibrate, and validate them on the 620 km(2) watershed of the upper Little Wabash River at Effingham, Ill., and examine their compatibility and benefits of combining them into a more comprehensive and efficient model. Calibration and validation of the SWAT by comparing monthly simulated and observed flows and adjusting the model-assigned resulted in coefficients of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for individual years and cumulatively for the calibration period (1995-1999) and for the entire simulation period (1995-2002) mostly above or near 0.50 with an exception of 0.05 and -0.27, respectively, in 2001, relatively a dry year. Visual comparisons of the hydrographs showed SWAT's weakness in predicting monthly peak flows (mostly underpredictions.) Therefore, SWAT needs enhancements in storm event simulations for improving its high and peak flow predictions. Calibration of DWSM was not necessary; its three physically based parameters were taken from SWAT. Validation of DWSM on three intense storms in May 1995, March 1995, and May 2002 resulted 1, -29, and 16% errors in peak flows and 0, -11, and 0% errors in times to peak flows, respectively. Comparisons of DWSM's 15-min flow hydrographs with SWAT's daily flow hydrographs along with the 15-min and daily observed flow hydrographs during the above three storms confirmed that DWSM predicted more accurate high and peak flows and precise arrival times than SWAT. DWSM's robust routing scheme using analytical and approximate shock-fitting solutions of the kinematic wave equations was responsible for the better predictions, the addition of which along with its unique combination with the popular runoff curve number method for rainfall excess computation to SWAT would be a significant enhancement. Parameters and data of both the models are interchangeable and, therefore, are compatible and their combination will result in a more comprehensive and efficient model. C1 Woolpert Inc, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Borah Hydro Environm Modelling, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, IDNR & UIUC, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Borah, DK (reprint author), Woolpert Inc, 415 Port Ctr Pkwy,Suite 101, Portsmouth, VA 23704 USA. EM deva.boral@woolpert.com; jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov; maitreyeebera@yahoo.com; krug@sws.uiuc.edu; xiiang@uiuc.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 605 EP 616 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2007)12:6(605) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 222SO UT WOS:000250317600006 ER PT J AU Bischoff, KM Skinner-Nemec, KA Leathers, TD AF Bischoff, Kenneth M. Skinner-Nemec, Kelly A. Leathers, Timothy D. TI Antimicrobial susceptibility of Lactobacillus species isolated from commercial ethanol plants SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial susceptibility; bacterial contamination; fuel ethanol; Lactobacillus ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATIONS; PENICILLIN; YEAST; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; VIRGINIAMYCIN; STREPTOGRAMIN AB Bacterial contamination of commercial fermentation cultures is a common and costly problem to the fuel ethanol industry. Antimicrobials such as virginiamycin (VIR) and penicillin (PEN) are frequently used to control contamination but there are little data available on the susceptibility of bacterial contaminants to these agents. A survey of bacterial contaminants from a wet-mill ethanol plant with no history of using antibiotics and a dry-grind facility that periodically doses with VIR found that the majority of contaminants were species of Lactobacillus. Thirty-seven isolates of Lactobacillus species from the wet-mill and 42 isolates from the dry-grind facility were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth dilution and agar dilution methods. In general, the Lactobacillus isolates from the dry-grind plant had higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the tested agents than the isolates from the wet-mill facility. The MIC90 for VIR was 4 mu g/ml for the dry-grind isolates versus 0.25 mu g/ml for the wet-mill isolates; and for PEN, the MIC90's were > 8 and 2 mu g/ml for the dry-grind and wet-mill isolates, respectively. Sixteen Lactobacillus isolates from the dry-grind plant but none from the wet-mill possessed vatE, a gene that encodes a streptogramin acetyltransferase associated with resistance to virginiamycin. Despite decreased susceptibility to virginiamycin, most dry-grind isolates had MICs lower than the maximal recommended application rate of 6 ppm. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bischoff, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kenneth.bischoff@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0250-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 222NG UT WOS:000250303600006 PM 17726620 ER PT J AU Lelito, JP Fraser, I Mastro, VC Tumlinson, JH Boroczky, K Baker, TC AF Lelito, Jonathan P. Fraser, Ivich Mastro, Victor C. Tumlinson, James H. Boeroeczky, Katalin Baker, Thomas C. TI Visually mediated 'paratrooper copulations' in the mating behavior of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae), a highly destructive invasive pest of North American ash trees SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; emerald ash borer; trapping; invasive pest; Buprestidae; Fraxinus AB The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive pest of North American ash (Fraxinus) trees. In captivity, mating is initiated by beetles at least 10 days old, and appears to be based simply on random contact with a member of the opposite sex. In the field, male A. planipennis search the tree during flight, and attempt to copulate with dead beetles of both sexes pinned to leaves, after descending rapidly straight down onto the pinned beetles from a height of from 30 to 100 cm. All evidence suggests that males find potential mates using visual cues. Equal numbers of feral males approach all 'dummy' beetles; however, considerably more time is spent attempting copulation with dead females rather than males, suggesting a contact chemical cue. Sticky traps prepared from dead, pinned EAB capture crawling insects as well as male A. planipennis, at a rate similar to that at which small purple sticky traps of similar overall area capture crawling insects and both sexes of feral EAB. C1 Penn State Univ, State Coll, Chem Ecol Lab 119, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, State Coll, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Brighton, MI USA. RP Lelito, JP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, State Coll, Chem Ecol Lab 119, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jpl207@psu.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 14 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 537 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s10905-007-9097-9 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 217MD UT WOS:000249951100003 ER PT J AU Wahl, TL Clemmens, AJ Replogle, JA Bos, MG AF Wahl, Tony L. Clemmens, Albert J. Replogle, John A. Bos, Marinus G. TI Discussion of "Broad-Crested weirs with rectangular compound cross sections" by M. Gogus, Z. Defne, and V. Ozkandemir SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-THROATED FLUMES C1 US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Water Resources Res Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Wahl, TL (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Interior, Water Resources Res Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM twahl@do.usbr.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 616 EP 618 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)132:3(272) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 234QT UT WOS:000251179500013 ER PT J AU Bergeron, K Julien, P Davis, TA Myre, A Thivierge, MC AF Bergeron, Karen Julien, Pierre Davis, Teresa A. Myre, Alexandre Thivierge, M. Carole TI Long-chain n-3 fatty acids enhance neonatal insulin-regulated protein metabolism in piglets by differentially altering muscle lipid composition SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neonatal feeding; insulin sensitivity; phenylalanine kinetics; stable isotopes ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; TERM INFANTS; PIGS; MEMBRANE; SENSITIVITY; EXERCISE; PATHWAY; GROWTH; MILK AB This study investigated the role of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( LCn-3PUFAs) of muscle phospholipids in the regulation of neonatal metabolism. Twenty-eight piglets were weaned at 2 days of age and raised on one of two milk formulas that consisted of either a control formula supplying 0% or a formula containing 3.5% LCn-3PUFAs until 10 or 28 days of age. There was a developmental decline in the insulin sensitivity of amino acid disposal in control pigs during the first month of life, with a slope of -2.24 mu mol center dot kg(-1)center dot h(-1) (P = 0.01) per unit of insulin increment, as assessed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps. LCn-3PUFA feeding blunted this developmental decline, resulting in differing insulin sensitivities (P < 0.001). When protein metabolism was assessed under parenteral feeding-induced hyperinsulinemia, LCn-3PUFAs reduced by 16% whole body oxidative losses of amino acids (from 238 to 231 mu mol center dot kg(-1)center dot h(-1); P = 0.06), allowing 41% more amino acids to accrete into body proteins (from 90 to 127 mu mol center dot kg(-1)center dot h(-1); P = 0.06). The fractional synthetic rate of muscle mixed proteins remained unaltered by the LCn-3PUFA feeding. However, LCn-3PUFAs retarded a developmental increase in the essential-to-nonessential amino acid ratio of the muscle intracellular free pool (P = 0.05). Overall, alterations in metabolism were concomitant with a preferential incorporation of LCn-3PUFAs into muscle total membrane phospholipids ( P, 0.001), in contrast to intramuscular triglycerides. These results underscore the potential role of LCn-3PUFAs as regulators of different aspects of protein metabolism in the neonate. C1 Univ Laval, Fac Food Sci & Agr, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Food, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Rowett Res Inst, Bucksburn AB21 9SB, Aberdeen, Scotland. CHU Laval, Lipid Res Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, Agr Res Serv Children Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thivierge, MC (reprint author), Univ Laval, Fac Food Sci & Agr, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Food, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM c.thivierge@rowett.ac.uk RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01 AR044474-11, R01 AR044474-12] NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2396 EP 2410 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700166-JLR200 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 220HT UT WOS:000250148500008 PM 17673528 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Pruett, JH Olafson, PU Chen, AC AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Pruett, John H. Olafson, Pia Untalan Chen, Andrew C. TI R86Q, a mutation in BmAChE3 yielding a Rhipicephalus microplus organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OP resistance; Boophilus; cattle fever tick; acaricide resistance; Ixodidae ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CATTLE TICK; ACARI; IXODIDAE; CDNA; COUMAPHOS; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; STRAINS AB Mutations were identified in the cDNA sequence encoding the acetylcholinesterase BmAChE3 in strains of Rhipicephabis (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) resistant or susceptible to organophosphate (OP) acaricide. The mutation that occurred most frequently in the OP-resistant San Roman strain resulted in a substitution of glutamine (Q) for arginine (R) at position 86 in BmAChE3 (position 66 in mature BmAChE). Clones containing the mutant and wild-type cDNA sequences were expressed in the baculovirus system. Enzyme kinetics of recombinant BmAChE3 containing or lacking the R86Q mutation demonstrated that the R86Q mutation increased substrate affinity and conferred insensitivity to paraoxon inhibition. This is the first demonstration of a mutation in a gene encoding an ixodid acetylcholinesterase resulting in OP insensitivity. A restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was developed and used to diagnose the frequency of the R86Q mutation in BmAChE3 genomic DNA from seven laboratory-colonized strains. Use of the R86Q diagnostic assay detected an increased frequency of the R86Q mutation in OP-resistant tick strains compared with that of OP-susceptible strains; however, the R86Q mutation was also present in OP-susceptible strains at unexpectedly high frequency. Because the R86Q mutation generates an OP-resistant enzyme in vitro and it is present at an elevated frequency in laboratory strains selected for OP resistance, we conclude that the data are consistent with a potential role for BmAChE3 in development of OP resistance; however, because the R86Q mutation has a high frequency in susceptible strains, the R86Q mutation alone is insufficient to generate the OP-resistant phenotype at the organismal level. There are likely to be additional mutations in BmAChE3, mutations in additional acetylcholinesterase genes, or additional resistance mechanisms (e.g., oxidative metabolism) that contribute to expression of the OP-resistant phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1013:RAMIBY]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 232QM UT WOS:000251034200014 PM 18047200 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR Xue, RD Rotstein, MA Becnel, JJ AF Barnard, Donald R. Xue, Rui-De Rotstein, Margaret A. Becnel, James J. TI Microsporidiosis (Microsporidia : Culicosporidae) alters blood-feeding responses and DEET repellency in Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Edhazardia aedis; attraction; landing/probing; blood feeding fecundity; repellent protection time ID SPOROZOITE-INFECTED MOSQUITOS; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS MICROSPORA; LA-CROSSE VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; LAMBORNELLA-CLARKI; LIFE-HISTORY; HOST-RANGE; PARASITE; BEHAVIOR; AMBLYOSPORIDAE AB Infection of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) with Edhazardia aedis (Microsporidia: Culicosporidae) reduced mean human host attraction and landing/probing rates in female mosquitoes by 53 and 62%, respectively, compared with rates in microsporidia-free females. Infection with E. aedis reduced the average weight of unfed female mosquitoes by 4%, caused them to imbibe 23% less blood, and to lay 30% fewer eggs than healthy females. In contrast, E. aedis-infected mosquitoes required 20% more time (> 1 h) than healthy females to bite skin treated with 15% DEET. Statistically significant morbidity in E. aedis-infected females was indicated by reductions in host attraction and landing/probing responses, the mass of unfed and bloodengorged females, and fecundity, and by increased DEET repellency. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM don.barnard@ars.usda.gov OI Rotstein, Margaret/0000-0002-5055-8278 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1040:MMCABR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 232QM UT WOS:000251034200018 PM 18047204 ER PT J AU Mattila, JT Burkhardt, NY Hutcheson, HJ Munderloh, UG Kurtti, TJ AF Mattila, Joshua T. Burkhardt, Nicole Y. Hutcheson, H. Joel Munderloh, Ulrike G. Kurtti, Timothy J. TI Isolation of cell lines and a rickettsial endosymbiont from the soft tick Carios capensis (Acari : Argasidae : Ornithodorinae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seabird soft tick; chromosomes; endosymbiont; RCCE3; phylogeny ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; WOLBACHIA PERSICA; BORNE PATHOGENS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PROTEIN AB Soft ticks are medically important ectoparasites of birds and mammals that are found throughout the world. This report describes isolation and partial characterization of two embryonic cell lines, CCE2 and CCE3, from the seabird soft tick Carios capensis (Neumann). Sequencing of the mitocbondrial 16S rRNA gene and karyology confirmed the lines were derived from C. capensis. CCE3 cells were diploid with a modal chromosome number of 20. The population doubling time for cell lines CCE2 and 3 in passage 40 was 6-9 d. A rickettsial endosymbiont, RCCE3, was co-isolated along with line CCE3. Nucleotide sequences of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products generated using primers specific for rickettsial 17-kDa antigen, outer membrane protein (omp) A, ompB, and citrate syntbase genes along with phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that RCCE3 is a previously uncultured endosymbiont. The rickettsia was identified as a symbiont of C. capensis, closely related to rickettsiae previously detected by PCR in C. capensis, Ornithodoros raoubata (Murray) and Hernaphysalis sulcata Canestrini & Fanzago, a bard tick. RCCE3 caused a cytopathic effect in C. capensis host cells, and it was transferred to Ixodes scapularis Say cell line ISE6 for maintenance. The rickettsial endosymbiont was eliminated from CCE3 by treatment with oxytetracycline. Cell lines from C. capensis will be useful to researchers investigating interactions between soft ticks and microorganisms, soft tick physiology, and molecular biology. The rickettsia adds to the growing number of Rickettsia species that have been isolated in tick cell culture, and it is available for characterization. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kurtti, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Flowell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurtt001@umn.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01 AI049424] NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1091 EP 1101 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1091:IOCLAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 232QM UT WOS:000251034200025 PM 18047211 ER PT J AU Janeczko, MJ Stoll, B Chang, XY Guan, XF Burrin, DG AF Janeczko, Michael J. Stoll, Barbara Chang, Xiaoyan Guan, Xinfu Burrin, Douglas G. TI Extensive gut metabolism limits the intestinal absorption of excessive supplemental dietary glutamate loads in infant pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BRAIN LESIONS; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSPORTERS; MICE; PROTEIN; DAMAGE AB Glutamate (Glu) is a major intestinal oxidative fuel, key neurotransmitter, and may be a useful dietary supplement to augment health of the infant gut. We quantified the metabolic fate of various supplemental dietary Glu intakes in young pigs surgically implanted with vascular, intraduodenal (ID), or intragastric (IG) catheters and a portal blood flow probe. Piglets were acutely fed a range of dietary Glu intakes using a basal milk formula (100%) supplemented with varying amounts of monosodium Glu (up to 400%) via ID or IG routes. We quantified the gastrointestinal metabolic fate of dietary Glu using [U-13C] Glu tracer. The Glu net absorption in the basal 100% group was low in both ID and IG groups, ranging from 13 to 17% of intake. Enteral Glu supplementation significantly increased the absolute absorption rate and arterial concentration of Glu. In both the ID and IG groups, enteral [13 C]Glu absorption was limited (<5% tracer input) at the basal Glu intake (100%) but increased nearly 4-fold (-20% input) in the 300% intake group. A substantial fraction (33-50%) of the enteral [C-13]Glu input was oxidized by the gut to (CO2)-C-13 in both the 100 and 300% intake groups. We conclude that extensive gut metabolism limits the absorption of supplemental dietary Glu even at excessive intakes. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920, T32 HD07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K01 DK075489] NR 19 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 137 IS 11 BP 2384 EP 2390 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 224YX UT WOS:000250485400009 PM 17951474 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Burrell, JB Reeves, PG AF Finley, John W. Burrell, James B. Reeves, Philip G. TI Pinto bean consumption changes SCFA profiles in fecal fermentations, bacterial populations of the lower bowel, and lipid profiles in blood of humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; RESISTANT STARCH; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS; COLONIC FUNCTION; RAT HEPATOCYTES; DRY BEANS; OAT-BRAN; IN-VITRO; LOW-FAT AB Beans improve serum lipids and may reduce the risk of colon cancer by increasing colonic SCFA formation. We assessed whether pinto bean consumption affects in vitro fecal bacterial fermentation and production of SCFA, colonic bacterial populations, and serum lipids. Adults grouped as premetabolic syndrome (pre-MetSyn) (n = 40) or controls (n = 40) were randomly assigned to consume either a bean entree [1/2 cup (130 g) of dried, cooked pinto beans] or an isocaloric chicken soup entree daily for 12 wk. Measurements included in vitro fecal fermentation of various resistant starch substrates, fecal bacterial speciation, and blood lipids, When expressed as a difference between baseline and treatment, propionate production from fecal material fermented in vitro with bean flour was higher (P < 0.02) in volunteers consuming beans than in those consuming soup. During the treatment period alone, bean consumption did not affect propionic acid production with any substrate but lowered (P < 0.02) butyric acid production when cornstarch was the substrate. In all volunteers, bean consumption decreased fecal production of isovaleric (P < 0.05) and isobutyric (P < 0.002) acids from cornstarch by as much as 50%. Of the bacterial populations tested, only Eubacterium limosum was affected by bean consumption and was similar to 50% lower than in those consuming soup. Beans lowered serum total cholesterol (P < 0.014) by similar to 8% in the controls and 4% in the pre-MetSyn group. Bean consumption lowered serum HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and LDL-cho(esterol (P < 0.05) in both groups without affecting serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, or glucose. This study provides evidence that bean consumption can improve lipid profiles associated with cardiovascular disease, but does not clearly confer health benefits related to colon cancer risk. C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. AM Todd Inc, Montgomeryville, PA 18936 USA. Brainerd Vet Adm Clin, Brainerd, MN 56401 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM philip.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 137 IS 11 BP 2391 EP 2398 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 224YX UT WOS:000250485400010 PM 17951475 ER PT J AU Yasuda, K Maiorano, R Welch, RM Miller, DD Lei, XG AF Yasuda, Koji Maiorano, Roberto Welch, Ross M. Miller, Dennis D. Lei, Xin Gen TI Cecum is the major degradation site of ingested inulin in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; FECAL DIGESTIBILITY; SMALL-INTESTINE; GROWING PIGS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; ABSORPTION; OLIGOFRUCTOSE; CALCIUM; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Two groups have reported >90% of inulin digestion occurs before the cecum in pigs and argued against pigs as a proper animal model for humans in this regard. Two experiments were conducted with weanling pigs to characterize the hydrolysis profile of inulin in their digestive tracts. In Expt. 1, 12 pigs (weighing 7.7 +/- 0.2 kg) were fed a low-iron (54 mg/kg) corn-soy basal diet (BD) or BD + 4% inulin (Synergy 1, Orafti) for 6 wk. All pigs were killed at the end of the trial and digesta samples were collected from the stomach, upper and lower jejunum, cecum, and proximal, mid-, and distal colon. Inulin was detected in digesta from the first 3 segments (0.4-5.5% dry matter) but not from the large intestine of pigs fed inulin. Fructose concentrations in digesta from the stomach and jejunum were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed inulin than in those fed 3D. To further determine whether inulin was degraded in the ileum or cecum, we conducted Expt. 2 with 12 pigs vveighing 11.2 +/- 1.1 kg) for 8 wk as in Expt.1 except that digesta samples were collected from the ileum instead of upper jejunum. Likewise, inulin was detected only in digesta from stomach, jejunum, and ileum of pigs fed inulin. Although inulin-degrading activity was detectable in digesta from the ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of both groups, the highest activity (P < 0.05) was found in the cecum digesta of pigs fed inulin. Digesta from the cecum and colon, but not from the ileum, was able to degrade added inulin in in vitro incubations. We conclude that supplemental dietary inulin in young pigs was mainly degraded in their cecum. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@cornell.edu RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 137 IS 11 BP 2399 EP 2404 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 224YX UT WOS:000250485400011 PM 17951476 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM AF Abrams, Steven A. Griffin, Ian J. Hawthorne, Keli M. TI Young adolescents who respond to an inulin-type fructan substantially increase total absorbed calcium and daily calcium accretion to the skeleton SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ORAFTI Research Conference on Inulin and Oligofructose - Proven Health Benefits and Claims CY SEP 28-29, 2006 CL Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA SP ORAFTI HO Harvard Med Sch ID ABSORPTION; GIRLS; CHILDREN AB Calcium absorption and whole-body bone mineral content are greater in young adolescents who receive 8 g/d of Synergy, a mixture of inulin-type fructans (ITF), compared with those who received a maltodextrin control. Not all adolescents responded to this intervention, however. We evaluated 32 responders and 16 nonresponders to the calcium absorptive benefits of ITF. We found no differences in usual dietary calcium intakes. Responders who increased their calcium absorption by at least 3% after 8 wk of Synergy had a greater accretion of calcium to the skeleton over a year based on whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data. The absorptive benefit to ITF use in responders is substantial and would be comparable to increasing daily calcium intake by at least 250 mg. Increased intake of ITF may be an important aspect of a multifaceted approach to enhancing peak bone mass. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 43708]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK 56338] NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 137 IS 11 SU S BP 2524S EP 2526S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 226NL UT WOS:000250595700006 PM 17951496 ER PT J AU Camporeale, G Oommen, AM Griffin, JB Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Camporeale, Gabriela Oommen, Anna M. Griffin, Jacob B. Sarath, Gautam Zempleni, Janos TI K12-biotinylated histone H4 marks heterochromatin in human lymphoblastoma cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biotin; chromatin immunoprecipitation; heterochromatin; histone; human ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; JURKAT CELLS; BIOTINYLATION; BIOTIN; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; H3; PHOSPHORYLATION; INTERLEUKIN-2; LOCALIZATION AB Covalent modifications of histones play crucial roles in chromatin structure and genomic stability. Recently, we reported a novel modification of histories: biotinylation of lysine residues. Here we provide evidence that K12-biotinylated histone H4 (K12Bio H4) maps specifically to both heterochromatin (alpha satellite repeats in pericentromeric regions) and transcriptionally repressed chromatin (gamma-G globin and interleukin-2) in human lymphoblastorna cells. The abundance of K12Bio H4 in these regions was similar to that of K9-dimethylated histone H3, a known marker for heterochromatin. Likewise, K8-biotinylated histone H4 (K8Bio H4) mapped to heterochromatin, but the relative enrichment was smaller compared with K12Bio H4. Stimulation of interieukin-2 transcriptional activity with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and phytohemagglutinin caused a rapid depletion of K12Bio H4 in the gene promoter. These data are consistent with a novel role for biotin in chromatin structure and transcriptional activity of genes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jzempleni2@unl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016469, 1 P20 RR16469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063945-03, R01 DK063945, DK 63945]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R21 ES015206-01, R21 ES015206] NR 31 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 18 IS 11 BP 760 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.12.014 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 227VN UT WOS:000250686000008 PM 17434721 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR AF Teasdale, John R. TI Strategies for soil conservation in no-tillage and organic farming systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; GRAIN PRODUCTION; BENEFITS C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 144A EP 147A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 234TY UT WOS:000251188100012 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM AF Zobeck, Ted. M. TI Can the soil conditioning index be successfully used for semiarid, hot, sandy soils? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 155A EP 155A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 234TY UT WOS:000251188100020 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Smiley, PC Cooper, CM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Cooper, Charles M. TI Modifying erosion control structures for ecological benefits SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RESTORED RIPARIAN HABITATS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 157A EP 157A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 234TY UT WOS:000251188100022 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM Crownover, J Dollar, M Van Pett, RS Acosta-Martinez, V Bronson, KF Upchurch, DR AF Zobeck, T. M. Crownover, J. Dollar, M. Van Pett, R. S. Acosta-Martinez, V. Bronson, K. F. Upchurch, D. R. TI Investigation of soil conditioning index values for southern high plains agroecosysterns SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE organic matter; soil assessment; Soil Conditioning Index (SCI); soil quality; tillage ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CROPLAND; CARBON AB The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has proposed the Soil Conditioning Index (SCI) to predict the consequences of management actions on the state of soil organic carbon (SOC), a soil quality indicator. The index was developed based on research in humid, temperate, loainy soils but has not been tested for many other conditions. In this project, we determined the effects of management on SCI, SOC, and other soil properties in semiarid, hot, sandy soils located in the Southern High Plains of western Texas. Agroecosystems studied included native rangeland, conservation grassland, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations, and high-residue forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The sites included irrigated and dryland conditions under conventionally tilled and no-tillage practices. Mean SCI values varied from -1.49 for conventionally tilled dryland cotton to 2.15 for the conservation grassland. All native rangelands and conservation grasslands and no-tillage fields (dryland and irrigated) had positive SCI values, which indicates increasing organic matter levels. In contrast, all of the conventionally-tilled cotton fields had negative SCI values, indicating decreasing organic matter levels. The SCI was most strongly correlated with the residue equivalent value (r = 0.68) as estimated in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation but based on measured values and particulate organic matter carbon, POM-C (r = 0.57). The SCI showed which fields had the highest levels of POM-C and which fields used no-tillage or limited tillage from fields that had been aggressively tilled. Additional research is needed to adjust the SCI subfactors to better relate the index with SOC. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX USA. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 433 EP 442 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 234TY UT WOS:000251188100030 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ AF Moshfegh, Alanna J. TI Research to advance understanding of the interrelationship of poverty and nutrition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICANS EAT; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES; FRUITS C1 USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moshfegh, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 103, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM amoshfegh@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 107 IS 11 BP 1882 EP 1885 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.08.035 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 227IU UT WOS:000250651200008 PM 17964306 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Casey, PH Connell, CL Stuff, JE Gossett, JM Harsha, DW McCabe-Sellers, B Robbins, JM Simpson, PM Weber, JL Bogle, ML AF Champagne, Catherine M. Casey, Patrick H. Connell, Carol L. Stuff, Janice E. Gossett, Jeffrey M. Harsha, David W. McCabe-Sellers, Beverly Robbins, James M. Simpson, Pippa M. Weber, Judith L. Bogle, Margaret L. CA L Mississippi D N I R TI Poverty and food intake in rural america: Diet quality is lower in food insecure adults in the Mississippi delta SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY EATING INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WOMEN; HUNGER; HOUSEHOLDS; DISEASE; RISK; INSUFFICIENT; PREVALENCE AB Objective To determine if measures of diet quality differ between food insecure and food secure adults in a rural high-risk population. Design Random digit dialing telephone survey of a crosssection of the population designed to collect data on food intake, household demographics, and food security status. Setting A representative sample of adults who live in 36 counties in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Subjects One thousand six hundred seven adults, both white and African American. Main outcome measures Food security status and diet quality, as defined by adherence to the Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Reference Intakes by determinations from self-reported food intake (1 day intake). Statistical analyses Regression analysis, t tests, Wald statistic, and beta tests were employed. Results Food secure adults scored higher on Healthy Eating Index than food insecure adults (P=0.0001), but the regression model showed no differences when multiple factors were included. Food secure individuals consistently achieved higher percentages of the Dietary Reference Intakes (specifically Estimated Average Requirements and Adequate Intakes) than food insecure individuals, with the greatest differences seen for vitamin A (P < 0.0001), copper (P=0.0009), and zinc (P=0.0022) and very little difference for vitamins C (P=0.68) and E (P=0.32). Both populations consumed diets extremely low in fiber. Conclusions Food insecurity is associated with lower quality diets in this population. It is acknowledged that serious limitations are associated with the use of one 24-hour recall and for comparison between food intake and assessment of food security. These findings still suggest a pressing need for nutrition interventions to improve dietary intake in these at-risk impoverished individuals. C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Coll Hlth, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Champagne, CM (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM Champacm@pbrc.edu OI Robbins, James/0000-0003-2200-1947 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 107 IS 11 BP 1886 EP 1894 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.08.003 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 227IU UT WOS:000250651200009 PM 17964307 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Sanders, TH AF Davis, J. P. Sanders, T. H. TI Liquid to semisolid rheological transitions of normal and high-oleic peanut oils upon cooling to refrigeration temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE peanut; peanut oil; vegetable oil; high-oleic; rheology; oil crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry; viscoelasticity ID VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; EMULSIONS; VISCOSITY AB Rheological transitions of peanut oils cooled from 20 to 3 degrees C at 0.5 degrees C/min were monitored via small strain oscillatory measurements at 0.1 Hz and 1 Pa. Oils were from nine different cultivars of peanut, and three oils were classified as high-oleic (approximately 80% oleic acid). High-oleic oils maintained an overall liquid-like character at 3 degrees C for 2 h. In contrast, several normal (non high-oleic) peanut oils displayed a predominantly elastic (solid-like) response after 2 h at 3 degrees C. Increases in viscoelasticity were associated with lipid crystallization events as confirmed by DSC. The higher (p < 0.001) liquid viscosities and increased (p < 0.001) contents of oleic acid, which has a more non-linear structure as compared to other fatty acids typical in these oils, were hypothesized to hinder crystallization in high-oleic oils. Changes in viscoelasticity at 3 degrees C were greatest for three normal oils that had the significantly (p < 0.001) highest content of C20:0 and/or C22:0 fatty acids, and these long, saturated hydrocarbon chains are hypothesized to promote crystallization. No peanut oil maintained clarity after 5.5 h at 0 degrees C (modified cold test used to screen salad oils); however, these data as a whole suggest strategies for breeding and/or processing peanut oils for enhanced resistance to crystallization. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jack.Davis@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 84 IS 11 BP 979 EP 987 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1133-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 225TA UT WOS:000250539200001 ER PT J AU Winkler, JK Warner, K Glynn, MT AF Winkler, Jill K. Warner, K. Glynn, Martin T. TI Effect of deep-fat frying on phytosterol content in oils with differing fatty acid composition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE deep-fat frying; phytosterols; polymerized triacylglycerides; expeller pressed oils; soybean; vegetable oils ID VEGETABLE-OILS; STEROL COMPOSITION; EDIBLE OILS; SOYBEAN OIL; OXIDATION; OXIDES; FOODS AB The objective of this study was to determine the fate of phytosterols in vegetable oils with varying fatty acid composition used for frying. High oleic sunflower (HOSun), corn (Corn), hydrogenated soybean (HSBO), expeller pressed soybean (ESBO), and expeller pressed low-linolenic acid soybean oil (ELLSBO) were used for frying potato chips in a pilot plant-scale continuous fryer. The same oils, and regular soybean oil (SBO) were also used in intermittent batch frying of tortilla chips. Phytosterols were measured in oils collected at various times during frying by GC to determine their loss. The formation of polymerized triacylglycerides (PTAGs) and total polar compounds (TPC) were analyzed to determine the extent of oil degradation. In the continuous frying system, phytosterol loss ranged between 4 and 6% in ESBO, ELLSBO, HOSun, and Corn, with no loss in HSBO. PTAGs and TPC were highest in ESBO and ELLSBO, followed by Corn, HOSun, and HSBO. In the batch frying experiment, phytosterol loss ranged from 1 to 15%, and was highest in Corn followed by SBO and HSBO. There was no significant loss of phytosterols in ESBO, ELLSBO, and HOSun. Formation of PTAGs and TPC during batch frying was highest in SBO and ESBO, followed by Corn, ELLSBO, HOSun, and HSBO. In conclusion, phytosterol loss in both the continuous fryer and in the batch frying system appeared to be unrelated either to fatty acid composition, or to the extent of oil degradation. C1 NCAUR, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61611 USA. USDA ARS, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. RP Winkler, JK (reprint author), NCAUR, USDA ARS, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61611 USA. EM jill.winkler@ars.usda.gov RI Shen, Ru/A-5130-2016 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1138-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 225TA UT WOS:000250539200005 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Johnston, David B. Hicks, Kevin B. TI A comparison of the levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in corn germ oil, corn fiber oil and corn kernel oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; corn; maize; lutein; zeaxanthin; xanthophylls ID SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION; GROUND CORN; EXTRACTION; ETHANOL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAROTENOIDS; TOCOPHEROL; PRODUCTS; HPLC AB All commercial corn oil is obtained by pressing corn germ and/or extracting the germ with hexane. In the current study, six types of corn oil were prepared by extracting corn germ, corn fiber and ground corn, each with hexane or with ethanol. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids were quantitatively analyzed in the six corn oils. The levels of lutein + zeaxanthin in the oil ranged from 2.3 mu g/g for hexane-extracted corn germ oil to 220.9 mu g/g for ethanol-extracted ground corn oil. These results indicate that a diet that includes 30 g (similar to 2 tbsp) per day of the unrefined corn oil obtained by extracting ground corn with ethanol would provide similar to 6 mg of lutein + zeaxanthin, the daily dosage that is currently considered to be necessary to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. C1 USDA, ARS, ERRC, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ERRC, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1044 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1137-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 225TA UT WOS:000250539200007 ER PT J AU Smith, MW Wood, BW Raun, WR AF Smith, Michael W. Wood, Bruce W. Raun, William R. TI Recovery and partitioning of nitrogen from early spring and midsummer applications to pecan trees SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATURE PISTACHIO TREES; N-15-LABELED FERTILIZER; APPLICATION TIME; BEARING; POTASSIUM; GROWTH; YIELD; PHOSPHORUS; ALLOCATION; STORAGE AB Effective nitrogen (N) management promotes consistent and abundant pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] production while minimizing waste. Recovery and partitioning characteristics of N potentially affects N management decisions; for this reason, we report certain N characteristics exhibited by trees in a bearing 'Pawnee' orchard. Nitrogen was applied prebudbreak (PBB) as a single 10 Mar. application at 1.689 g.cm(-2) cross-sectional trunk area or a split application in Mar. (70%) followed by a midsummer application during rapid fruit development (RFD) on 28 July (30%) (i.e., PBB + RFD) using N-15-enriched fertilizer. Recovery of N by trees the first year was 7.2% from the PBB application and 11% from the RFD portion of the split application. Nitrogen application was 210% larger at PBB (Mar.) than at RFD (July), resulting in 118% more N absorbed. At harvest in November, fruit contained 41% and 36% of total N recovered during the first year from the PBB and RFD treatments, respectively. About 3% of the total fruit N was derived from fertilizer (NDF) absorption during the current year. Recovery was 12% for the PBB treatment and 19% for the RFD treatment by the end of the second growing season, with 93% more N absorbed from the PBB application. Nitrogen recovered from the PBB application increased approximate to 50% while trees were dormant, but there was little change in N recovery when applied during RFD. During the year of application, NDF was similar in shuck, shell, and kernel tissue when N-15-enriched fertilizer was applied PBB. When applied at RFD, more NDF was in the kernel than the shuck and shell, indicating rapid absorption and transport to the fruit, especially to the developing kernel. In both treatments, most fruit N was derived from tree storage reserves. In the second year, NDF was highest in shucks and lowest in kernels for the PBB application; thus, N enrichment from the previous year was being depleted. In contrast, NDF was higher in kernels than shucks and shells when N-15-enriched fertilizer was applied during RFD the previous year, indicating that N applied during RFD the previous July was being absorbed in the latter part of the subsequent growing season. This study demonstrates that pecan trees maintained with adequate N nutrition derived the majority of N used for annual parts from stored N pools, although applied N was also rapidly absorbed and transported to N sinks. Dependence on endogenous N pools explains why pecans usually require at least 2 years to respond when N is withheld from well-managed trees. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining an annual N fertility program for current and future production. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mike.smith@okstate.edu RI Raun, William/A-3075-2017 OI Raun, William/0000-0002-1206-1105 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 758 EP 763 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500002 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Levi, A Tetteh, A Wehner, T Russo, V Pitrat, M AF Davis, Angela R. Levi, Amnon Tetteh, Antonia Wehner, Todd Russo, Vincent Pitrat, Michel TI Evaluation of watermelon and related species for resistance to race 1W powdery mildew SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CITRULLUS; GENES AB Powdery mildew [Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea auct. p.p.)] is now a common disease on watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] in the United States. In this study, the entire available U.S. Plant Introduction collection of Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. species was evaluated for resistance to P. xanthii race 1W. The collection consists of four Citrullus species and one Praecitrullus Pangalo species [C. lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf., C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad., C. rehmii De Winter, and P. fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo]. Wild-type accessions tended to be more resistant more often than the cultivated species, C. lanatus var. lanatus. None were immune, eight of the 1573 accessions exhibited high levels of resistance, and another 86 demonstrated intermediate resistance. Stem and leaf disease severity were weakly correlated (r(2) = 0.64, P = 0.001). The majority of accessions having resistance were collected in Zimbabwe. Resistance was found in four species. C1 USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. INRA, UR Genet & Ameliorat Fruits & Legumes 1052, F-84140 Montfavet, France. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 790 EP 795 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500007 ER PT J AU Lightbourn, GJ Stommel, JR Griesbach, RJ AF Lightbourn, Gordon J. Stommel, John R. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Epistatic interactions influencing anthocyanin gene expression in Capsicum annuum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REGULATORY GENES; MAIZE SEEDLINGS; BHLH FACTORS; LIGHT; MYB; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE AB Anthocyanin pigmentation in leaves, flowers, and fruit imparts violet to black color and enhances both ornamental and culinary appeal. Shades of violet to black pigmentation in Capsicum annuum L. are attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin production is markedly influenced by numerous environmental factors, including temperature and light stress. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis for differences in C. annuum anthocyanin content in response to varying environments. Growth experiments conducted under controlled environment conditions demonstrated that anthocyanin concentration was significantly higher in mature leaves in comparison with immature leaves under high light (435 mu mol.s(-1).m(-2)) conditions. High (30 degrees C day/25 degrees C night) versus low (20 degrees C day/15 degrees C night) temperature had no significant effect on anthocyanin concentration regardless of leaf maturity stage. Foliar anthocyanin concentration in plants grown under short days (10 h) with low light intensity (215 mu mol.s(-1).m(-2)) was significantly less than under long days (16 h) with low light. Under high light intensity, daylength had no effect on anthocyanin content. Three structural genes [chalcone synthase (Chs), dihydroflavonol reductase (Dfr), anthocyanin synthase (Ans)] and three regulatory genes (Myc, Myb(A), Wd40) were selected for comparison under inductive and noninductive environmental conditions for anthocyanin accumulation. Expression of Chs, Dfr, and Ans was significantly higher in mature leaves in comparison with younger leaves. Consistent with anthocyanin concentration, temperature had no effect on structural gene expression, whereas light positively influenced expression. Under low light conditions, temperature had no effect on Myc, Myb(A), and Wd40 expression; whereas under high light conditions, temperature only had an effect on Myb(A) expression. The study of anthocyanin leaf pigmentation in C. annuum under inductive and noninductive environments provides a new approach for elucidating the molecular genetic basis of epistatic gene interactions and the resulting phenotypic plasticity. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, USA Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.stommel@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 824 EP 829 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500011 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Turechek, WW Hokanson, SC Maas, JL Hancock, JF Serce, S Smith, BJ AF Lewers, K. S. Turechek, W. W. Hokanson, S. C. Maas, J. L. Hancock, J. F. Serce, S. Smith, B. J. TI Evaluation of elite native strawberry germplasm for resistance to anthracnose crown rot disease caused by Colletotrichum species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; NORTH; ACUTATUM; FRAGARIAE; PLANTS AB Anthracnose crown rot of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) has been a major disease problem in the strawberry producing regions of the southeastern United States since the early 1970s. Chemical controls are often inadequate, but use of resistant cultivars is seen as a credible option for managing this disease. Only a small portion of Fragaria L. germplasm has been screened for resistance to anthracnose crown rot. A core subset of the Fragaria collection maintained at the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Clonal Repository in Corvallis, OR, has been constructed to contain an elite group of native F. virginiana Mill. and F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. This collection, referred to as the "core collection," has been characterized for many horticultural traits, including reactions to several common foliar diseases, resistance to black root rot (causal organisms unknown), and resistance to northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) and root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Shuurmans Stekhoven]. Our objective was to evaluate the core collection for resistance to a selection of isolates of three Colletotrichum Corda species known to cause strawberry anthracnose, Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. [teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk], and Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (teleomorph Glomerella acutata J.C. Guerber & J.C. Correll). No Fragaria subspecies or geomorph was more resistant than any other; rather, individual genotypes within these groups were identified as sources from which resistance can be obtained. Collecting germplasm in areas of intense disease pressure may not be as beneficial as one might assume, at least where anthracnose crown rot disease is concerned. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Small Fruit Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kim.levvers@ars.usda.gov RI Serce, Sedat/D-4105-2013 OI Serce, Sedat/0000-0003-4584-2028 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 842 EP 849 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500014 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Ravelonandro, M Damsteegt, V Bassett, C Petri, C Liu, Z Scorza, R AF Hily, Jean-Michel Ravelonandro, Michel Damsteegt, Vern Bassett, Carole Petri, Cesar Liu, Zongrang Scorza, Ralph TI Plum pox virus coat protein gene Intron-hairpin-RNA (ihpRNA) constructs provide resistance to plum pox virus in Nicotiana benthamiana and Prunus domestica SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; DNA METHYLATION; PLANTS; POTYVIRUS; INTERFERENCE; EFFICIENT; ARABIDOPSIS; STABILITY AB Constructs with self-complementary sequences separated by an intron produce "hairpin" RNA [intron-hairpin-RNA (ihpRNA)] structures that efficiently elicit posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). In the current study, the authors use this technology to confer resistance to plum pox virus (PPV) in herbaceous and woody perennial plants by silencing the PPV-coat protein (CP) gene. The authors confirmed the high capacity of ihpRNA constructs for inducing RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin., as more than 75% of the transformants displayed PTGS as evaluated by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) production. The authors demonstrated that ihpRNA constructs provided PPV resistance, and they found a correlation between the length of the PPV sequence introduced in the ihpRNNA constructs and the frequency of transgenic-resistant plants. Plants transformed with the full-length sequence produced a higher percentage of resistant lines. The authors further demonstrated for the first time that ihpRNA technology is applicable to a woody perennial species. A transgenic plum (Prunus domestica L.) PPV-CP ihpRNA line showed gene silencing characteristics (hype rm ethyl ation of the transgene sequence and specific siRNA production) and resistance to PPV infection 16 months after inoculation. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. INRA Bordeaux, UMR, Genom Dev Pouvoir Pathogene, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Ralph.Scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 850 EP 858 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500015 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Saftner, RA Kramer, M AF Polashock, James J. Saftner, Robert A. Kramer, Matthew TI Postharvest Highbush blueberry fruit antimicrobial volatile profiles in relation to anthracnose fruit rot resistance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PLANT VOLATILES; SHELF-LIFE; STORAGE; CONSTITUENTS; BIOCHEMISTRY AB Fruit of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) produce antimicrobial volatiles, including trans-2-hexenal, that may confer resistance to anthracnose fruit rot, an important postharvest disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds. To investigate whether aromatic volatiles in highbush blueberry fruit are associated with postharvest fruit rot resistance, we compared volatiles emitted from whole fruit and extracts from fruit kept in air at 20 degrees C for 0 to 6 days postharvest from cultivars having a wide range of resistance to anthracnose. Antimicrobial volatiles detected included the aldehydes, trans-2-hexenal and hexanal; the monoterpenes, limonene, linalool, 8-hydroxylinalool, alpha-terpineol, and terpinyl acetate; and the sesquiterpenes, cadinene, caryophyllene, and alpha-farnesene. There were significant correlations between some detected volatiles and these differed in whole fruit and extracts. Hexanal (in fruit extracts), trans-2-hexenal, terpinyl acetate, and cadinene emissions increased in most cultivars when fruit were kept in air at 20 degrees C for various times postharvest. Volatile emissions from whole fruit and extracts varied widely among the cultivars with early ripening cultivars generally showing higher volatile emissions than later ripening cultivars. Although the cultivars tested differed in quantities, and in some cases, the types of volatiles produced, these differences were not related to pedigree (i.e., species composition) nor to known anthracnose resistance ratings. Except for the confounded emissions of terpinyl acetate and cadinene, more than 80% of the variation observed for each volatile was attributable to the cultivar (genetic), year (environmental), and cultivar-by-year interaction. The results suggest that, although antimicrobial aldehydes and terpenes emitted from fully ripe highbush blueberry fruit and extracts might be important flavor and aroma components, they do not significantly contribute to disease resistance against anthracnose fruit rot. C1 USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM james.polashock@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 132 IS 6 BP 859 EP 868 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233VN UT WOS:000251118500016 ER PT J AU Lee, J Finn, CE AF Lee, Jungmin Finn, Chad E. TI Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambuclus canadensis) and European elderberry (S-nigra) cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sambucus canadensis; S. nigra; elderberry; elder; anthocyanin; polyphenolic; minor crop ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FRUITS; STABILITY; VACCINIUM; PIGMENT; HPLC; MS AB BACKGROUND: Ten genotypes representing two elderberry species, Sambucus canadensis L. (eight genotypes) and S. nigra L. (two genotypes), were examined for their anthocyanins (ACY), total phenolics (TP),degrees Brix, titratable acidity (TA), and pH over two growing seasons. RESULTS: Overall, fruit generally had higher ACY, TP, ACY/TP,degrees Brix, and pH in 2005 than 2004. All samples of S. canadensis had similar anthocyanin profiles to one another, but were distinctly different from S. nigra. Both species had cyanidin-based anthocyanins as major pigments. Previously unreported anthocyanins were identified in some samples in this study. Trace levels of delphinidin 3-rutinoside were present in all elderberry samples except cv. 'Korsor'. Also, petunidin 3-rutinoside was detected in cvs 'Adams 2', 'Johns', 'Scotia', 'York', and 'Netzer' (S. canadensis). The identified polyphenolics of both species were mainly composed of cinnamic acids and flavonol glycosides. The major polyphenolic compounds present in S. canadensis were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside, while chlorogenic acid and rutin were found to be major polyphenolic compounds in S. nigra. CONCLUSION: Sufficient variability was seen among these genotypes to suggest that a successful breeding program could be carried out to improve levels of the various compounds evaluated in this study. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jlee@uidaho.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 40 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 53 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 87 IS 14 BP 2665 EP 2675 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3029 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 226WA UT WOS:000250618000016 PM 20836175 ER PT J AU Das, A Suarez, DL AF Das, Amaresh Suarez, David L. TI Development and bench validation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocols for rapid detection of the subtypes H6, H9, and H11 of avian influenza viruses in experimental samples SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR); subtypes H6; H9; and H11; virus detection ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; A VIRUSES; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RT-PCR; DUCKS AB Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) is commonly used for the rapid detection, as well as to determine the subtype, of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). There are 16 known serologically distinct hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of AIV described. Currently, determination of the subtypes of AlVs by RRT-PCR tests has been limited to the H5 and H7 subtypes. In this study, RRT-PCR assays were developed in simplex formats for rapid detection of AIV subtypes H6, H9, and H11. The primers and probes for RRT-PCR were designed from nucleotide sequences of the HA genes, which were either downloaded from GenBank (for H6 and H9) or sequenced for this study. The specificity and sensitivity of the RRT-PCR assays were determined based on the detection of the virus from a proficiency panel consisting of 15 different HA subtypes of AIVs and from serial dilutions of target viral RNA. The subtype-specific RRT-PCR assays were used to detect the virus in cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs of experimental chickens inoculated with H6, H9, and H I I AIVs, and the test results were compared with validated RRT-PCR assays based on the amplification of AI matrix (MA) gene. A high correlation of the matrix test and the specific H6, H9, and HI 1 by the RRT-PCR assays was observed; kappa coefficients for the agreement of test results in cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs combined were 0.927, 0.962, and 0.981, respectively. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 625 EP 634 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 234RA UT WOS:000251180200003 PM 17998550 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Richt, JA Kehrli, ME Williams, ES AF Hamir, Amir N. Kunkle, Robert A. Miller, Janice M. Cutlip, Randall C. Richt, Juergen A. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Williams, Elizabeth S. TI Age-related lesions in laboratory-confined raccoons (Procyon lotor) inoculated with the agent of chronic wasting disease of mule deer SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE age-related pathologic changes; chronic wasting disease (CWD); Procyon lotor; raccoons ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; SCRAPIE; DIAGNOSIS AB This communication documents age-associated pathologic changes and final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) by the intracerebral route to raccoons (Procyon lotor). Four kits were inoculated intracerebrally with a brain suspension from mule deer with CWD. Two uninoculated kits served as controls. One CWD-inoculated raccoon was humanely killed at 38 months after inoculation, and I control animal died at 68 months after inoculation. Both animals had lesions that were unrelated to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Six years after inoculation, none of the 3 remaining CWD-inoculated raccoons had shown clinical signs of neurologic disorder, and the experiment was terminated. Spongiform encephalopathy was not observed by light microscopy, and the presence of abnormal prion protein (Prpd) was not detected by either immunohistochemistry or Western blot techniques. Agerelated lesions observed in these raccoons included islet-cell pancreatic amyloidosis (5/6), cystic endometrial hyperplasia (3/4), cerebrovascular mineralization (5/6), neuroaxonal degeneration (3/6), transitional-cell adenoma of the urinary bladder (1/6), and myocardial inclusions (4/6). The latter 2 pathologic conditions were not previously reported in raccoons. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amir.hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 680 EP 686 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 234RA UT WOS:000251180200010 PM 17998557 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Senne, DA Pedersen, JC Killian, ML Pasick, J Handel, K Pillai, SPS Lee, CW Stallknecht, D Slemons, R Ip, HS Deliberto, T AF Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Suarez, David L. Senne, Dennis A. Pedersen, Janice C. Killian, Mary Lea Pasick, John Handel, Katherine Pillai, Smitha P. Somanathan Lee, Chang-Won Stallknecht, David Slemons, Richard Ip, Hon S. Deliberto, Tom TI Characterization of low-pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from north America SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; HEMAGGLUTININ; DUCKS; EVOLUTION; WATERFOWL; RESERVOIR; CHICKENS; VACCINES AB Wild-bird surveillance in North America for avian influenza (AI) viruses with a goal of early identification of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic AI virus has identified at least six low-pathogenicity H5N1 AI viruses between 2004 and 2006. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from all 6 H5N1 viruses and an additional 38 North American wild-bird-origin H5 subtype and 28 NI subtype viruses were sequenced and compared with sequences available in GenBank by phylogenetic analysis. Both HA and NA were phylogenetically distinct from those for viruses from outside of North America and from those for viruses recovered from mammals. Four of the H5N1 AIviruses were characterized as low pathogenicity by standard in vivo pathotyping tests. One of the H5N1 viruses, A/MuteSwan/MI/451072-2/06, was shown to replicate to low titers in chickens, turkeys, and ducks. However, transmission of A/MuteSwan/MI/451072-2/06 was more efficient among ducks than among chickens or turkeys based on virus shed. The 50% chicken infectious dose for A/MuteSwan/ MI/451072-2/06 and three other wild-waterfowl-origin H5 viruses were also determined and were between 10(5.3) and 10(7.5) 50% egg infective doses. Finally, seven H5 viruses representing different phylogenetic clades were evaluated for their antigenic relatedness by hemagglutination inhibition assay, showing that the antigenic relatedness was largely associated with geographic origin. Overall, the data support the conclusion that North American H5 wild-bird-origin All viruses are low-pathogenicity wild-bird-adapted viruses and are antigenically and genetically distinct from the highly pathogenic Asian H5N1 virus lineage. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. CFIA, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.Spackman@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 21 BP 11612 EP 11619 DI 10.1128/JVI.01368-07 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224AM UT WOS:000250417400008 PM 17728231 ER PT J AU Vagnozzi, A Stein, DA Iversen, PL Rieder, E AF Vagnozzi, Ariel Stein, David A. Iversen, Patrick L. Rieder, Elizabeth TI Inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in cell cultures with antisense morpholino oligorners SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; HETEROTYPIC INHIBITION; OLIGOMERS; RNA; REPLICATION; REGIONS; MICE; AMPLIFICATION; BHK-21-CELLS; PATHOGENESIS AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed ungulates that can lead to severe losses in the livestock production and export industries. Although vaccines have been extensively used to control FMD, there is no antiviral therapy available to treat ongoing infections with FMD virus (FMDV). Six peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) with sequences complementary to various 21-nucleotide segments of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the FMDV genome (strain A(24) Cruzeiro/Brazil/ 1955 [A(24)Cru]) were evaluated in cell cultures. Three of the PPMOs, targeting domain 5 of the internal ribosome entry site (5D PPMO), and the two translation start codon regions (AUG1 and AUG2 PPMOs), showed high levels of anti-FMDV activity. A dose-dependent and sequence-specific reduction in viral titers of greater than 5 log(10) with a concomitant reduction of viral protein and RNA expression, was achieved at low micromolar concentrations. Under identical conditions, three other PPMOs targeting the 5'-terminal region of the genome, the cis-acting replication element in the 5' UTR, and the 3' "ab" stem-loop showed less dramatic titer reductions of 1.5 log(10) to 2 log(10). Treatment with 5D PPMO reduced the titers of FMDV strains representing five different serotypes by 2 log(10) to 4 log(10) compared to those of the controls. A(24)Cru-infected BHK-21 cells treated repeatedly with 5D or AUG2 PPMO generated resistant viruses for which phenotypic and genotypic properties were defined. Notably, three passages with low concentrations of the AUG1 PPMO extinguished all traces of detectable virus. The results indicate that PPMOs have potential for treating FMDV infections and that they also represent useful tools for studying picornaviral translation and evolution. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. AVI BioPharma Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 21 BP 11669 EP 11680 DI 10.1128/JVI.00557-07 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224AM UT WOS:000250417400014 PM 17728223 ER PT J AU Kim, LM King, DJ Curry, PE Suarez, DL Swayne, DE Stallknecht, DE Slemons, RD Pedersen, JC Senne, DA Winker, K Afonso, CL AF Kim, L. Mia King, Daniel J. Curry, Phillip E. Suarez, David L. Swayne, David E. Stallknecht, David E. Slemons, Richard D. Pedersen, Janice C. Senne, Dennis A. Winker, Kevin Afonso, Claudio L. TI Phylogenetic diversity among low-virulence newcastle disease viruses from waterfowl and shorebirds and comparison of genotype distributions to those of poultry-origin isolates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; LIVE-BIRD MARKETS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; FUSION PROTEIN GENE; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; VACCINE STRAINS AB Low-virulence Newcastle disease viruses (loNDV) are frequently recovered from wild bird species, but little is known about their distribution, genetic diversity, or potential to cause disease in poultry. NDV isolates recovered from cloacal samples of apparently healthy waterfowl and shorebirds (WS) in the United States during 1986 to 2005 were examined for genomic diversity and their potential for virulence (n = 249). In addition 19 loNDV isolates from U.S. live bird markets (LBMs) were analyzed and found to be genetically distinct from NDV used in live vaccines but related to WS-origin NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein identified nine novel genotypes among the class I NDV, and new genomic subgroups were identified among genotypes I and II of the class II viruses. The WS-origin viruses exhibited broad genetic and antigenic diversity, and some WS genotypes displayed a closer phyllogenetic relationship to LBM-origin NDV. All NDV were predicted to be lentogenic based upon sequencing of the fusion cleavage site, intracerebral pathogenicity index, or mean death time in embryo assays. The USDA real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay, which targets the matrix gene, identified nearly all of the class II NDV tested but failed to detect class I viruses from both LBM and WS. The close phylogenetic proximity of some WS and LBM loNDV suggests that viral transmission may occur among wild birds and poultry; however, these events may occur unnoticed due to the broad genetic diversity of loNDV, the lentogenic presentation in birds, and the limitations of current rapid diagnostic tools. C1 [Kim, L. Mia; King, Daniel J.; Curry, Phillip E.; Suarez, David L.; Swayne, David E.; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Slemons, Richard D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pedersen, Janice C.; Senne, Dennis A.] USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS,Diagnost Virol Lab Avian Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 56 TC 113 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 22 BP 12641 EP 12653 DI 10.1128/JVI.00843-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 275IP UT WOS:000254065400054 PM 17855536 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Saab, VA Dudley, JG AF Russell, Robin E. Saab, Victoria A. Dudley, Jonathan G. TI Habitat-suitability models for cavity-nesting birds in a postfire landscape SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burned coniferous forest; cavity-nesting birds; Colaptes auratus; habitat suitability; Melanerpes lewis; nesting habitat; Picoides spp.; receiver operating curves; remotely sensed data; Sialia spp. ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WESTERN OREGON; FOREST; WILDFIRE; CONSERVATION; FIRE; COMMUNITY; SELECTION; ACCURACY; SNAGS AB Models of habitat suitability in postfire landscapes are needed by land managers to make timely decisions regarding postfire timber harvest and other management activities. Many species of cavity-nesting birds are dependent on postfire landscapes for breeding and other aspects of their life history and are responsive to postfire management activities (e.g., timber harvest). In addition, several cavity nesters are designated as species at risk. We compare the ability of 2 types of models to distinguish between nest and non-nest locations of 6 cavity-nesting bird species (Lewis's woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], black-backed woodpecker [Picoides arcticus], hairy woodpecker [P. villosus], northern flicker [Colaptes auratus], western bluebird [Sialia mexicana], and mountain bluebird [S. currucoides]) in the early postfire years for a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in Idaho, USA. The 2 model sets consisted of 1) models based on readily available remotely sensed data and 2) models containing field-collected data in addition to remotely sensed data (combination models). We evaluated models of nesting habitat by quantifying the model's ability to correctly identify nest and non-nest locations and by determining the percentage of correctly identified nest locations. Additionally, we developed relative habitat-suitability maps for nesting habitat of black-backed and Lewis's woodpeckers from the best models. For all species except Lewis's woodpeckers, model performance improved with the addition of field-collected data. Models containing remotely sensed data adequately distinguished between nest and non-nest locations for black-backed woodpecker and Lewis's woodpecker only, whereas models containing both field-collected and remotely sensed data were adequate for all 6 species. Improvements in the availability of more accurate remote sensing technology would likely lead to improvements in the ability of the models to predict nesting locations. External validation with data from other wildfires is necessary to confirm the general applicability of our habitat-suitability models to other forests. Land managers responsible for maintaining habitat for cavity-nesting birds in postfire landscapes can use these models to identify potential nesting areas for these species and select areas in burned forests where postfire salvage logging is most likely to have minimal impacts on cavity-nesting bird habitats. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave,MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rerussell@fs.fed.us OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2600 EP 2611 DI 10.2193/2007-034 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000016 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Burger, ED Drew, EK Lindsey, JP Haggard, M Woodruff, KZ AF Lehmkuhl, John F. Burger, E. Dorsey Drew, Emily K. Lindsey, John P. Haggard, Maryellen Woodruff, Kent Z. TI Breeding birds in riparian and upland dry forests of the cascade range SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; Cascade Range; diversity; forest; habitat; indicator species; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; riparian; Washington ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BUFFER STRIPS; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; FIRE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; MOVEMENT AB We quantified breeding bird abundance, diversity, and indicator species in riparian and upland dry forests along 6 third- to fourth-order streams on the east slope of the Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Upland dry forest on southerly aspects was dominated by open ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and dry Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plant associations. Upland mesic forest on northerly aspects was dominated by closed-canopy Douglas-fir or dry grand fir (Abies grandis) plant associations. Riparian overstory vegetation was dominated by black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) plant associations with a prominent hardwood tree and shrub component. We quantified bird assemblages, diversity, and abundance from parallel point transects on riparian and adjacent dry and mesic upslope forests. We detected 80 bird species from >12,000 point-transect observations during 1998-1999. Eighteen species accounted for 75% of all detections. Species richness and evenness were similar in all 3 forest types, with approximately 35 species and high evenness (0.85) in each forest type. Bird species assemblages differed among dry, mesic, and riparian forest types, with the greatest differences between riparian and both dry and mesic upland forests. Riparian forest had the greatest number (9) of strong characteristic, or indictor, species among the 3 forest types. Upland mesic forest was characterized by 7 indicator species. Upland dry forest had 4 indicator species. Our results indicate that current standards and guidelines for riparian buffers zones would allow for avian refuge and corridor functions along these streams. Forest managers could use our indicator species to predict and monitor shifts in upland forest species composition from thinning and prescribed burning practices that are used to reduce fuels in uplands and to reduce continuity of fire effects between riparian and upland zones. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. Washington State Parks Dept, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), Baltimore Cty Dept Environm Protect & Resource M, 401 Bosley Ave, Towson, MD 21204 USA. EM jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us NR 79 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2632 EP 2643 DI 10.2193/2007-004 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000019 ER PT J AU Karki, SM Gese, EM Klavetter, ML AF Karki, Seija M. Gese, Eric M. Klavetter, Mead L. TI Effects of coyote population reduction on swift fox demographics in southeastern Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; dispersal; predation; reproduction; survival; swift fox; Vulpes velox ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; KIT FOXES; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; NORTHWESTERN TEXAS; VULPES-VELOX; RED FOXES; TELEMETRY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB The distribution and abundance of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) has declined from historic levels. Causes for the decline include habitat loss and fragmentation, incidental poisoning, changing land use practices, trapping, and predation by other carnivores. Coyotes (Canis latrans) overlap the geographical distribution of swift foxes, compete for similar resources, and are a significant source of mortality amongst many swift fox populations. Current swift fox conservation and management plans to bolster declining or recovering fox populations may include coyote population reduction to decrease predation. However, the role of coyote predation in swift fox population dynamics is not well-understood. To better understand the interactions of swift foxes and coyotes, we compared swift fox population demographics (survival rates, dispersal rates, reproduction, density) between areas with and without coyote population reduction. On the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Colorado, USA, we monitored 141 swift foxes for 65,226 radio-days from 15 December 1998 to 14 December 2000 with 18,035 total telemetry locations collected. juvenile swift fox survival rate was increased and survival was temporarily prolonged in the coyote removal area. Adult fox survival patterns were also altered by coyote removal, but only following late-summer coyote removals and, again, only temporarily. Coyote predation remained the main cause of juvenile and adult fox mortality in both areas. The increase in juvenile fox survival in the coyote removal area resulted in a compensatory increase in the juvenile dispersal rate and an earlier pulse in dispersal movements. Adult fox dispersal rate was more consistent throughout the year in the coyote removal area. Coyote removal did not influence the reproductive parameters of the swift foxes. Even though juvenile survival increased, swift fox density remained similar between the areas due to the compensatory dispersal rate among juvenile foxes. We concluded that the swift fox population in the area was saturated. Although coyote predation appeared additive in the juvenile cohort, it was compensatory with dispersal. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. United States Army Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Directorate Environm Compliance & Management, Model, CO 81059 USA. RP Karki, SM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 62 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2707 EP 2718 DI 10.2193/2006-275 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000027 ER PT J AU Miller, BJ Reading, RP Biggins, DE Detling, JK Forrest, SC Hoogland, JL Javersak, J Miller, SD Proctor, J Truett, J Uresk, DW AF Miller, Brian J. Reading, Richard P. Biggins, Dean E. Detling, James K. Forrest, Steve C. Hoogland, John L. Javersak, Jody Miller, Sterling D. Proctor, Jonathan Truett, Joe Uresk, Daniel W. TI Prairie dogs: An ecological review and current biopolitics SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE black-tailed prairie dog; competition; Cynomys ludovicianus; dietary overlap; grazing; population trend ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; FOOD-HABITS; COLONIES; VEGETATION; CATTLE; BISON; CONSEQUENCES AB In recent years, people have interpreted scientific information about the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) in various, and sometimes conflicting, ways. Political complexity around the relationship among black-tailed prairie dogs, agricultural interests, and wildlife has increased in recent years, particularly when prairie dogs occur on publicly owned lands leased to private entities for livestock grazing. Some have proposed that estimates of prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) numbers from 1900 are inflated, that prairie dog grazing is not unique (other grazers have similar affects on vegetation), and that prairie dogs significantly reduce carrying capacity for livestock and wildlife. We address all these issues but concentrate on the degree of competition between prairie dogs and ungulates because this motivates most prairie dog control actions. We conclude that the available information does not justify holding distribution and numbers of prairie dogs at a level that is too low to perform their keystone ecological function. We further conclude that it is especially important that prairie dogs be sufficiently abundant on public lands to perform this function. C1 Wind River Ranch Fdn, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. Denver Zool Fdn, Dept Conservat Biol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. World Wildlife Fund, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Maryland, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Ctr Environm Studies, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Natl Wildlife Federat, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Defenders Wildlife, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Turner Endangered Species Fund, Glenwood, NM 88039 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Miller, BJ (reprint author), Wind River Ranch Fdn, PO Box 27, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. EM rreading@denverzoo.org RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013; Hoogland, John/B-3950-2015 NR 103 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 52 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2801 EP 2810 DI 10.2193/2007-041 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000040 ER PT J AU Espeland, MA Gill, TM Guralnik, J Miller, ME Fielding, R Newman, AB Pahor, M AF Espeland, Mark A. Gill, Thomas M. Guralnik, Jack Miller, Michael E. Fielding, Roger Newman, Anne B. Pahor, Marco CA Lifestyle Interventions Indepe TI Designing clinical trials of interventions for mobility disability: Results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) trial SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; OLDER-ADULTS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; ARTHRITIS; EXERCISE; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION AB Background. Clinical trials to assess interventions for mobility disability are critically needed; however, data for efficiently designing such trials are lacking. Methods. Results are described from a pilot clinical trial in which 424 volunteers aged 70-89 years were randomly assigned to one of two interventions-physical activity or a healthy aging education program-and followed for a planned minimum of 12 months. We evaluated the longitudinal distributions of four standardized outcomes to contrast how they may serve as primary outcomes of future clinical trials: ability to walk 400 meters, ability to walk 4 meters in <= 10 seconds, a physical performance battery, and a questionnaire focused on physical function. Results. Changes in all four outcomes were interrelated over time. The ability to walk 400 meters as a dichotomous outcome provided the smallest sample size projections (i.e., appeared to be the most efficient outcome). It loaded most heavily on the underlying latent variable in structural equation modeling with a weight of 80%. A 4-year trial based on the outcome of the 400-meter walk is projected to require N = 962-2234 to detect an intervention effect of 30%-20% with 90% power. Conclusions. Future clinical trials of interventions designed to influence mobility disability may have greater efficiency if they adopt the ability to complete a 400-meter walk as their primary outcome. C1 [Espeland, Mark A.; Miller, Michael E.] Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Gill, Thomas M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Guralnik, Jack] NIA, Epidemiol & Demog Sec, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fielding, Roger] Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Newman, Anne B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Pahor, Marco] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Espeland, MA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM mespelan@wfubmc.edu RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013 OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000064]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR029890]; NIA NIH HHS [U01AG22376, 1P30AG21332, U01 AG022376-04, U01 AG022376, K24 AG021507, P30 AG021332, P30 AG028740] NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1237 EP 1243 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 272AH UT WOS:000253829300007 PM 18000143 ER PT J AU Hardie, I Lichtenberg, E Nickerson, CJ AF Hardie, Ian Lichtenberg, Erik Nickerson, Cynthia J. TI Regulation, open space, and the value of land undergoing residential subdivision SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE; ZONING CHANGE; AMENITIES; PRICES; EQUILIBRIUM; MARKET; MODEL; SIZE; AREA AB We investigate the effects of forest conservation requirements and zoning on the value of land undergoing subdivision. Land prices are increasing in the percentage of subdivision acreage developers are required to keep inforest, suggesting that forest conservation regulations increase the amounts of forested open space that developers provide. Benefits from open-space amenities remain largely internal to the subdivision, so that land market incentives mitigate the justification for open space preservation policies. Consistent with theoretical predictions that zoning promotes sprawl, we find that minimum-lot-size zoning constrains developers of closer-in subdivisions where public sewers are available. C1 [Hardie, Ian; Lichtenberg, Erik] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nickerson, Cynthia J.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hardie, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Lichtenberg, Erik/C-3195-2014 OI Lichtenberg, Erik/0000-0003-0619-6254 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 458 EP 474 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244SF UT WOS:000251884900002 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Lubowski, RN AF Roberts, Michael J. Lubowski, Ruben N. TI Enduring impacts of land retirement policies: Evidence from the conservation reserve program SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; CRP LAND; DETERMINANTS; UNCERTAINTY; DECISIONS; CONTRACTS; SLIPPAGE; WETLANDS; QUALITY; COSTS AB We examine the persistence Of cropland retirements induced by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the largest U.S. conservation program. We analyze micro data on observed land-use choices following CRP contract expiration over 1995-1997 and predict that 42116 of CRP acres would not have been returned to crops within a year if the program had expired in 1997. These results indicate that temporary cropland retirement payments under CRP generate land-use changes that often extend beyond contract periods. The analysis suggests that targeted signing bonuses for first-time enrollees would increase the longer-term impacts of CRP and perhaps other incentive-based land-use programs. C1 [Roberts, Michael J.; Lubowski, Ruben N.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 20 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 516 EP 538 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 244SF UT WOS:000251884900005 ER PT J AU Fielding, RA Katula, J Miller, ME Abbott-Pillola, K Jordan, A Glynn, NW Goodpaster, B Walkup, MP King, AC Rejesk, WJ AF Fielding, Roger A. Katula, Jeffrey Miller, Michael E. Abbott-Pillola, Kari Jordan, Alexander Glynn, Nancy W. Goodpaster, Brett Walkup, Michael P. King, Abby C. Rejesk, W. Jack CA Life Study Invest TI Activity adherence and physical function in older adults with functional limitations SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; aging; randomized trial; compliance; retention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; PROGRAM; HOME; PARTICIPATION; INDEPENDENCE AB Purpose: Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) was a trial to examine the effects of a physical activity intervention (PA) compared with a health education control (SA) on measures of disability risk in sedentary older adults (N = 424). We examined adherence to the LIFE-P PA intervention for the first 12 months of the trial. Methods: The PA intervention consisted of walking, strength, flexibility, and balance training supplemented with behavioral skills training modules, and it used a phased, center-based schedule of adoption (3x wk(-1), weeks 1-8), transition (2x wk(-1), weeks 9-24), and maintenance (1x wk(-1), weeks 25 to end of trial) while transitioning to primarily home-based physical activity. SA consisted of weekly (weeks 1-26) transitioning to monthly health education workshops. Results: Participation in moderate-intensity physical activity increased from baseline to months 6 and 12 in PA compared with SA (P < 0.001). At 12 months, PA participants who reported >= 150 min center dot wk(-1) of moderate activity demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in their Short Physical Performance Battery score compared with participants who reported < 150 min center dot wk(-1) ofmoderate activity (P < 0.017). For the PA arm, center-based attendance was 76.3 +/- 24.5, 65.4 +/- 28.6, and 49.8 +/- 35.8% in the adoption, transition, and maintenance phases, respectively. Conclusions: Adherence to physical activity in LIFE-P was associated with greater improvement in SPPB score and was consistent with adherence in physical activity trials of shorter duration in this subgroup of older adults. Older individuals at risk for disability can adhere to a regular program of physical activity in a long-term randomized trial. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Hlthy Aging Res Program, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Katula, Jeffrey/K-5905-2013; OI Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000064]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR029890]; NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG021332, P30 AG028740, P30 AG031679, U01 AG022376, U01 AG22376] NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1997 EP 2004 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e318145348d PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 230VB UT WOS:000250903100015 PM 17986908 ER PT J AU Perry, CD Alekel, L Ritland, L Bhupathiraju, S Stewart, JW Hanson, LN Matvienko, OA Kohut, ML Reddy, M Van Loan, MD Genschel, U AF Perry, Courtney D. Alekel, Lee Ritland, Laura Bhupathiraju, Shilpa Stewart, Jeanne W. Hanson, Laura N. Matvienko, Oksana A. Kohut, Marian L. Reddy, Manju Van Loan, Marta D. Genschel, Ulrike TI Centrally-located body fat is related to inflammatory markers in healthy postmenopausal women SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the North-American-Menopause-Society CY OCT 03-06, 2007 CL Dallas, TX SP N Amer Menopause Soc C1 [Perry, Courtney D.; Alekel, Lee; Ritland, Laura; Bhupathiraju, Shilpa; Stewart, Jeanne W.; Hanson, Laura N.; Reddy, Manju] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Matvienko, Oksana A.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1106 EP 1106 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 231KG UT WOS:000250945000152 ER PT J AU Roslinsky, V Eckstein, PE Raboy, V Rossnagel, BG Scoles, GJ AF Roslinsky, Vicky Eckstein, Peter E. Raboy, Victor Rossnagel, Brian G. Scoles, Graham J. TI Molecular marker development and linkage analysis in three low phytic acid barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant lines SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE barley mutant; Hordeum; low phytic acid; phosphorus; molecular marker ID LOW-PHYTATE CORN; SEED PHOSPHORUS; MAIZE; PIGS; DIGESTIBILITY; PHENOTYPE; MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION AB Phytate is the primary form of phosphorus found in mature cereal grain. This form of phosphorus is not available to monogastric animals due to a lack of the enzyme phytase in their digestive tract. Several barley low phytic acid (lpa) mutants have been identified that contain substantial decreases in seed phytate accompanied by concomitant increases in inorganic phosphorus. Seed homozygous for low phytic acid 1-1 (lpa1-1) or low phytic acid 2-1 (lpa2-1) has a 50% and 70% decrease in seed phytate respectively. These mutations were previously mapped to chromosomes 2HL and 7HL respectively. The RFLP marker ABC153 located in the same region of 2H was converted to a sequence-characterized-amplified-region (SCAR) marker. Segregation analysis of the CDC McGwire x Lp422 doubled haploid population confirmed linkage between the SCAR marker and the lpa1-1 locus with 15% recombination. A third low phytic acid mutant, M635, has a 75% decrease in phytate. This mutation was located to chromosome 1HL by linkage with an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) based marker (LP75) identified through bulked-segregant analysis, and has been designated lpa3-1. Based on analysis of recombination between marker LP75 and low phytic acid in an additional mutant line M955 (95% phytate decrease), lpa3-1 and the mutation in M955 are in the same region on chromosome 1HL, and may be allelic. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, CDC, Dept Plant Sci Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Eckstein, PE (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, CDC, Dept Plant Sci Crop Dev, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM peter.eckstein@usask.ca NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9094-x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 215FM UT WOS:000249793700003 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Mayland, HF AF Larson, Steven R. Mayland, Henry F. TI Comparative mapping of fiber, protein, and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE forage; fiber; grass; mineral; protein; QTL ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE GENE; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; CELL-WALL DIGESTIBILITY; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; RUSSIAN WILDRYE; FORAGE QUALITY; GRASS TETANY; CRESTED WHEATGRASS AB Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and mineral content are important components of forage quality in grasses. Elevated [K]/([Ca] + [Mg]) ratios (KRAT) substantially increase the risk of grass tetany (hypomagnesemia) in grazing animals, which is a serious problem associated with some cool-season grasses. The objectives of this study were to map and compare QTLs controlling concentrations of CP, NDF, ADF, Al, B, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Zn, and KRAT in two full-sib Leymus triticoides x (L. triticoides x (L. cinereus) TTC1 and TTC2 families. Significant genetic variation and QTLs were detected for all traits, with evidence of conserved QTLs for ADF (LG1a, LG5Xm, LG7a), NDF (LG7a), Ca (LG1b), CP, (LG5Xm), KRAT (LG3b, LG6b, LG7a, LG7b), Mn (LG2b, LG3b, LG4Xm), and S (LG3a) content in both TTC1 and TTC2 families. Moreover, the direction of QTL effects was the same for 13 of the 14 homologous QTLs in both families. The TTC1 and TTC2 KRAT QTLs on LG7a and LG7b were located near markers defining homoeologous relationships between the sub-genomes of allotetraploid Leymus, suggesting possible QTL homoeology. Another 88 QTLs were unique to one family or the other, but many of these clustered in genome regions common between the two families. These results will support development of new Leymus wildrye forages and help characterize genes controlling mineral uptake and fiber synthesis. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu NR 55 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 331 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9095-9 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 215FM UT WOS:000249793700004 ER PT J AU Andaya, VC Tai, TH AF Andaya, Virgilio C. Tai, Thomas H. TI Fine mapping of the qCTS4 locus associated with seedling cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; microsatellite markers; QTL mapping; rice ID LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINABILITY; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY; MAJOR QTL; STAGE; CHROMOSOME-4; STRESS; GENOME; MAP AB Rice seedlings are sensitive to low temperatures (<= 15 degrees C) and under prolonged or repeated exposure, yellowing and stunting are commonly observed. Damage to seedlings results in poor stand establishment and delayed maturation, which can cause significant reductions in yield. In general, japonica rice varieties exhibit more cold tolerance than indica varieties. Earlier genetic analysis of the California rice variety M202 revealed several quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to its tolerance to low temperatures in comparison to the indica rice variety IR50. Among these QTL, qCTS4 is associated with tolerance to yellowing and stunting of rice seedlings and accounts for 40% of the phenotypic variation. Here we report on the fine mapping of qCTS4 to a 128 kb region of chromosome 4, which is highly suppressed for recombination in our mapping populations. Our results provide the necessary foundation for identifying the gene(s) underlying qCTS4 and the markers developed here may be used to introgress this region into indica varieties to improve seedling tolerance to low temperatures. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM thtai@ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9096-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 215FM UT WOS:000249793700005 ER PT J AU Kirigwi, FM Van Ginkel, M Brown-Guedira, G Gill, BS Paulsen, GM Fritz, AK AF Kirigwi, F. M. Van Ginkel, M. Brown-Guedira, G. Gill, B. S. Paulsen, G. M. Fritz, A. K. TI Markers associated with a QTL for grain yield in wheat under drought SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE wheat; drought; markers; QTL ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; VULGARE L CROSS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; BARLEY; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; GELS AB Drought is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects wheat production in many regions of the world. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain yield and yield components under reduced moisture. A cross between common wheat cultivars 'Dharwar Dry' (drought tolerant) and 'Sitta' was the source of one hundred twenty-seven recombinant inbred lines evaluated for two-seasons in a field under differing soil moisture regimes in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. An SSR/EST-STS marker map was constructed and a grain yield QTL on the proximal region of chromosome 4AL was found to have a significant impact on performance under reduced moisture. This region was associated with QTL for grain yield, grain fill rate, spike density, grains m(-2,) biomass production, biomass production rate, and drought susceptibility index (DSI). Molecular markers associated with these traits explained 20, 33, 15, 23, 30, 26, and 41% of phenotypic variation, respectively on chromosome 4A. Microsatellite locus Xwmc89 was associated with all significant QTL covering a 7.7 centiMorgans (cM) region and generally explained the greatest proportion of phenotypic variation. The alleles associated with enhanced performance under drought stress were contributed by Dharwar Dry. Microsatellite marker wmc89 may be useful for marker assisted selection to enhance drought tolerance. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. DPI, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Small Grains Genotyping Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Kirigwi, FM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM fmkirigwi@noble.org RI Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010 NR 34 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11032-007-9100-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 215FM UT WOS:000249793700009 ER PT J AU Rowley, DL Coddington, JA Gates, MW Norrbom, AL Ochoa, RA Vandenberg, NJ Greenstone, MH AF Rowley, Daniel L. Coddington, Jonathan A. Gates, Michael W. Norrbom, Allen L. Ochoa, Ronald A. Vandenberg, Natalia J. Greenstone, Matthew H. TI Vouchering DNA-barcoded specimens: test of a nondestructive extraction protocol for terrestrial arthropods SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Acarina; Arachnida; barcode; cytochrome oxidase I; Insecta; mitochondrial DNA; voucher ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENE FLOW; LEPIDOPTERA; PREDATORS; PHYLOGENY AB Morphology- based keys support accurate identification of many taxa. However, identification can be difficult for taxa that are either not well studied, very small, members of cryptic species complexes, or represented by immature stages. For such cases, DNA barcodes may provide diagnostic characters. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists deposit museum vouchers to document the species studied in their research. If DNA barcodes are to be used for identification, then both the DNA and the specimen from which it was extracted should be vouchered. We describe a protocol for the nondestructive extraction of DNA from terrestrial arthropods, using as examples members of the orders Acarina, Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera chosen to represent the ranges in size, overall sclerotization, and delicacy of key morphological characters in the group. We successfully extracted sequenceable DNA from all species after 1-4 h of immersion in extraction buffer. The extracted carcasses, processed and imaged using protocols standard for the taxon, were distinguishable from closely related species, and adequate as morphological vouchers. We provide links from the carcasses and DNA vouchers to image (MorphBank) and sequence (GenBank) databases. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01905.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700003 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Snodgrass, GL Scheffler, BE Gore, J Abel, CA AF Perera, O. P. Snodgrass, G. L. Scheffler, B. E. Gore, J. Abel, C. A. TI Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic markers; Lygus; microsatellite; SSR; tarnished plant bug ID HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE AB A partial genomic library of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, enriched for microsatellite sequences was screened to identify marker loci. Eight polymorphic loci suitable for population genetic studies were identified by screening 192 field-collected insects. The observed number of alleles ranged from four to 21 with an average of 12.25 (SE +/- 1.94) while the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.23 to 11.05 with an average of 4.49 (SE +/- 1.15). No linkage disequilibria or significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were detected at any of the loci. Seven of the eight L. lineolaris microsatellite loci were transferable to Lygus hesperus. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Cat Fish Genet Res Unit, Gen Core Facil, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM operera@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01747.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700015 ER PT J AU Burdine, CS Kubisiak, TL Johnson, GN Nelson, CD AF Burdine, C. S. Kubisiak, T. L. Johnson, G. N. Nelson, C. D. TI Fifty-two polymorphic microsatellite loci in the rust fungus, Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme; fusiform rust fungus; microsatellite; polymorphism; simple sequence repeat; SSR marker ID F-SP FUSIFORME; MARKERS; CULTURE AB We report on 52 microsatellite markers for use in Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. The markers were developed from di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat-enriched genomic libraries. In 46 isolates collected from two natural populations in the southeastern USA, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 20 ( mean 6.94) with gene diversity values ranging from 0.043 to 0.933 ( mean 0.537). The markers should prove highly useful for genetic `fingerprinting' of single-spore isolates commonly used in host-pathogen gene interaction studies, as marker loci for linkage mapping studies, and for examining fine-scale population genetic structure in natural populations of the fungus. C1 So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01756.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700021 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Krohn, AL Leiner, RH AF Winton, L. M. Krohn, A. L. Leiner, R. H. TI Microsatellite markers for Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov., a new vegetable pathogen of the High North SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE ascomycota; haploid; plant disease; plant pathogen; SSR; Sclerotinia sp.1 ID LOCI AB Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov. In Alaska, this pathogen causes white mold vegetable diseases sympatrically with the cosmopolitan and closely related Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Eighteen alleles were observed across the 41 isolates tested and ranged from two to three alleles per locus. Together, the alleles from the eight polymorphic loci yielded only four haploid multilocus genotypes and exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium, reflecting extreme selfing and clonal vegetative reproduction. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lori.winton@uaf.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1079 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01782.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700042 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Blanco, CA Scheffler, BE Abel, CA AF Perera, Omaththage P. Blanco, Carlos A. Scheffler, Brian E. Abel, Craig A. TI Characteristics of 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE bollworm; genetic markers; Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera; microsatellite; SSR AB Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic studies of Helicoverpa zea were discovered by screening partial genomic libraries enriched for microsatellite sequences. Insects collected (N = 96) in Stoneville, Mississippi were used to characterize these markers. The observed and effective number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine (average 4.46) and from 1.07 to 2.45 (average 1.81), respectively. Fisher exact tests detected significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at three loci, probably due to inbreeding, null alleles, or Wahlund's effect. Significant genotypic disequilibrium was not detected between any pair of loci. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM operera@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1132 EP 1134 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01806.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700059 ER PT J AU Boykin, LM Bagnall, RA Frohlich, DR Hall, DG Hunter, WB Katsar, CS Mckenzie, CL Rosell, RC Shatters, RG AF Boykin, Laura M. Bagnall, Ruth Ann Frohlich, Donald R. Hall, David G. Hunter, Wayne B. Katsar, Catherine S. Mckenzie, Cindy L. Rosell, Rosemarie C. Shatters, Robert G., Jr. TI Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector for citrus greening disease, huanglongbing SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE citrus greening disease; citrus; Diaphorina citri; huanglongbing; microsatellite; psyllid AB Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from microsatellite-enriched DNA libraries and mined from an expressed sequence tags library of Diaphorina citri, the vector of the citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Analysis of 288 individuals from Florida, Texas, and Brazil showed that allelic diversity ranged from three to eight alleles per locus and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.014 to 0.569 and from 0.052 to 0.653, respectively. These variable microsatellite loci can provide means for assessing overall genetic variation and migration patterns for this agriculturally important pest species. This information can be used to aid in developing successful management strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. USDA, APHIS PPQ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316 USA. RP Boykin, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM laura.boykin@ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1202 EP 1204 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01831.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700078 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Krohn, AL Conn, JS AF Winton, L. M. Krohn, A. L. Conn, J. S. TI Microsatellite markers for the invasive plant species white sweetclover (Melilotus alba) and yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Fabaceae; SSR; subarctic; weed ID LOCI AB We describe specific primers that amplify nine microsatellite DNA loci from Melilotus alba and Melilotus officinalis, both invasive plant species (Fabaceae) throughout North America. Allelic diversity was slightly lower for M. alba than for M. officinalis, as was expected heterozygosity. For both species, heterozygote deficit was observed at several loci. Genotypic diversity was very high for both species; the 29 plant samples of each species all had different multilocus genotypes. These markers will be used to determine the origins of the sweetclover invasion in Alaska and to compare patterns of diversity between subarctic and lower latitude populations. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lori.winton@uaf.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1296 EP 1298 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01860.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700104 ER PT J AU Shrestha, RB Parajulee, MN Perera, OP Scheffler, BE Densmore, LD AF Shrestha, R. B. Parajulee, M. N. Perera, O. P. Scheffler, B. E. Densmore, L. D. TI Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera : Miridae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic markers; Lygus hesperus; microsatellite; SSR; western tarnished plant bug AB A microsatellite-enriched partial genomic DNA library of Lygus hesperus was generated and screened by sequencing. Ten polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were characterized by genotyping 92 insect samples. The observed number of alleles ranged from three to seven with an average of 4.5 (SE +/- 0.45), while the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.21 to 3.02 with an average of 2.14 (SE +/- 0.20). Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were detected at three loci. Significant linkage disequilibrium was also detected between the loci LhMS2-54 and LhMS3-32. Seven of the L. hesperus markers could be transferred to Lygus lineolaris. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Perera, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM operera@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1342 EP 1344 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01875.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700118 ER PT J AU An, CF Saha, S Jenkins, JN Scheffler, BE Wilkins, TA Stelly, DM AF An, Chuanfu Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Scheffler, Brian E. Wilkins, Thea A. Stelly, David M. TI Transcriptome profiling, sequence characterization, and SNP-based chromosomal assignment of the EXPANSIN genes in cotton SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Gossypium spp.; EXPANSIN; transcriptome profiling; single-nucleotide polymorphism; chromosomal assignment ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; PCR-BASED MARKERS; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; POLYPLOID FORMATION; UPLAND COTTON; FIBER QUALITY; QTL ANALYSIS; MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS AB The knowledge of biological significance associated with DNA markers is very limited in cotton. SNPs are potential functional marker to tag genes of biological importance. Plant expansins are a group of extracellular proteins that directly modify the mechanical properties of cell walls, enable turgor-driven cell extension, and likely affect length and quality of cotton fibers. Here, we report the expression profiles of EXPANSIN transcripts during fiber elongation and the discovery of SNP markers, assess the SNP characteristics, and localize six EXPANSIN A genes to chromosomes. Transcriptome profiling of cotton fiber oligonucleotide microarrays revealed that seven EXPANSIN transcripts were differentially expressed when there was parallel polar elongation during morphogenesis at early stage of fiber development, suggesting that major and minor isoforms perform discrete functions during polar elongation and lateral expansion. Ancestral and homoeologous relationships of the six EXPANSIN A genes were revealed by phylogenetic grouping and comparison to extant A- and D-genome relatives of contemporary AD-genome cottons. The average rate of SNP per nucleotide was 2.35% (one SNP per 43 bp), with 1.74 and 3.99% occurring in coding and noncoding regions, respectively, in the selected genotypes. An unequal evolutionary rate of the EXPANSIN A genes at the subgenome level of tetraploid cotton was recorded. Chromosomal locations for each of the six EXPANSIN A genes were established by gene-specific SNP markers. Results revealed a strategy for discovering SNP markers in a polyploidy species like cotton. These markers could be useful to associate candidate genes with the complex fiber traits in MAS. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ssaha@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI An, Chuanfu/G-5521-2011; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 90 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 278 IS 5 BP 539 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s00438-007-0270-9 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 220EO UT WOS:000250139900006 PM 17724613 ER PT J AU Joshi, MV Bignell, DRD Johnson, EG Sparks, JP Gibson, DM Loria, R AF Joshi, Madhumita V. Bignell, Dawn R. D. Johnson, Evan G. Sparks, Jed P. Gibson, Donna M. Loria, Rosemary TI The AraC/XylS regulator TxtR modulates thaxtomin biosynthesis and virulence in Streptomyces scabies SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DOMAIN INTERACTIONS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATORS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; THERMOMONOSPORA-FUSCA; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; BINDING PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSFER-RNA AB Streptomyces scabies is the best studied of those streptomycetes that cause an economically important disease known as potato scab. The phytotoxin thaxtomin is made exclusively by these pathogens and is required for virulence. Here we describe regulation of thaxtomin biosynthesis by TxtR, a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. The txtR gene is imbedded in the thaxtomin biosynthetic pathway and is located on a conserved pathogenicity island in S. scabies, S. turgidiscabies and S. acidiscabies. Thaxtomin biosynthesis was abolished and virulence was almost eliminated in the txtR deletion mutant of S. scabies 87.22. Accumulation of thaxtomin biosynthetic gene (txtA, txtB, txtC, nos) transcripts was reduced compared with the wild-type S. scabies 87.22. NOS-dependent nitric oxide production by S. scabies was also reduced in the mutant. The TxtR protein bound celloblose, an inducer of thaxtomin production, and transcription of txtR and thaxtomin biosynthetic genes was upregulated in response to cellobiose. TxtR is the first example of an AraC/XylS family protein regulated by cellobiose. Together, these data suggest that cellobiose, the smallest oligomer of cellulose, may signal the availability of expanding plant tissue, which is the site of action of thaxtomin. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Loria, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rl21@cornell.edu RI Johnson, Evan/B-9864-2008 OI Johnson, Evan/0000-0001-7672-2120 NR 59 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 66 IS 3 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05942.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 232MM UT WOS:000251023800009 PM 17919290 ER PT J AU Heraty, JM Woolley, JB Hopper, KR Hawks, DL Kim, JW Buffington, M AF Heraty, John M. Woolley, James B. Hopper, Keith R. Hawks, David L. Kim, Jung-Wook Buffington, Matthew TI Molecular phylogenetics and reproductive incompatibility in a complex of cryptic species of aphid parasitoids SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE speciation; cryptic species; aphelinidae; Aphelinits ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FIG-POLLINATING WASPS; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; APHELINUS HYMENOPTERA; TRICHOGRAMMA-MINUTUM AB We infer the phylogeny of a complex of cryptic species and populations of parasitic wasps and examine how reproductive incompatibility maps onto the molecular phylogeny. We used four nuclear (28S-D2, ITS1, ITS2, ArgK) and two mitochondrial (COI, COII) gene regions to analyze relationships among populations in the Aphelinus varipes species complex (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from throughout Eurasia (France, Georgia, Israel, China, Korea and Japan) and from three aphid hosts (Aphis glycines, Diuraphis noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi; Hemiptera: Aphididae). A combined analysis of 21 genotypes of Aphelinus resulted in six most-parsimonious trees, and successive approximations character-weighting selected two of these as best supported by the data. All six gene regions were necessary to fully resolve the relationships among taxa. Four clades within the A. varipes complex were distinguished: (1) Aphelinus kurdjumovi, (2) Aphelinus hordei, (3) Aphelinus atriplicis, Aphelinus varipes, and Aphelinus albipodus, and (4) Aphelinus certus (populations from China, Korea, and Japan). Based on rates of nucleotide substitutions, these clades diverged between 78 and 526 thousand years ago during a period of repeated glaciations in Eurasia. In laboratory crosses, A. kurdjumovi, A. hordei, and A. varipes were reproductively incompatible with one another and all other populations. A. atriplicis was incompatible with these three species, but not with A. certus. The populations of A. certus from China, Japan, and Korea were reproductively compatible with one another but not with the other populations. Thus, with one exception, entities that were phylogenetically distinct were also reproductively incompatible with one another. Our evidence on molecular differentiation and reproductive incompatibility supports recognition of at least five cryptic species in the A. varipes complex. We discuss likely reasons for the high rate of speciation in this complex. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, BIIR, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Heraty, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM john.heraty@ucr.edu; JimWoolley@tamu.edu; Keith.Hopper@ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 480 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.021 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 230CN UT WOS:000250853400005 PM 17702609 ER PT J AU Klich, MA AF Klich, Maren A. TI Aspergillus flavus: the major producer of aflatoxin SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GREENISH-YELLOW-FLUORESCENCE; DEVELOPING COTTON BOLLS; ETHANOL EXTRACTION; FIELD APPLICATION; SEED INFECTION; PISTACHIO NUTS; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; PARASITICUS AB Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen of crops. It is important because it produces aflatoxin as a secondary metabolite in the seeds of a number of crops both before and after harvest. Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen that is highly regulated in most countries. In the field, aflatoxin is associated with drought-stressed oilseed crops including maize, peanut, cottonseed and tree nuts. Under the right conditions, the fungus will grow and produce aflatoxin in almost any stored crop seed. In storage, aflatoxin can be controlled by maintaining available moisture at levels below that which will support growth of A. flavus. A number of field control measures are being utilized or explored, including: modification of cultural practices; development of resistant crops through molecular and proteomic techniques; competitive exclusion using strains that do not produce aflatoxin; and development of field treatments that would block aflatoxin production. Taxonomy: Aspergillus flavus Link (teleomorph unknown) kingdom Fungi, phyllum Ascomycota, order Eurotiales, class Eurotiomycetes, family Trichocomaceae, genus Aspergillus, species flavus. Host range: Aspergillus flavus has a broad host range as an opportunistic pathogen/saprobe. It is an extremely common soil fungus. The major concern with this fungus in agriculture is that it produces highly carcinogenic toxins called aflatoxins which are a health hazard to animals. In the field, A. flavus is predominantly a problem in the oilseed crops maize, peanuts, cottonseed and tree nuts. Under improper storage conditions, A. flavus is capable of growing and forming aflatoxin in almost any crop seed. It also is a pathogen of animals and insects. In humans it is predominantly an opportunistic pathogen of immunosuppressed patients. Useful websites: www.aspergillusflavus.org, www.aflatoxin.info/health.asp, plantpathology. tamu.edu/aflatoxin, www.aspergillus.org.uk. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mklich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 111 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 10 U2 44 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00436.X PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222CQ UT WOS:000250274100001 PM 20507532 ER PT J AU Funk, C Braune, A Grabber, JH Steinhart, H Bunzel, M AF Funk, Carola Braune, Annett Grabber, John H. Steinhart, Hans Bunzel, Mirko TI Model studies of lignified fiber fermentation by human fecal microbiota and its impact on heterocyclic aromatic amine adsorption SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic aromatic amines; adsorption studies; lignin; dietary fiber; fermentation; human fecal microbiota ID DIETARY FIBER; CROSS-LINKING; CELL-WALLS; LIGNINS; DEGRADABILITY; CONIFERYL AB This study examined how shifts in pH and fiber fermentation may alter the adsorption of mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C) to dietary fiber in the human small intestine and colon. Nonlignified and artificially lignified maize cell walls were fermented in vitro with human fecal microbiota for 0, 8, or 24 h. We then assessed the adsorption of HAAs to unfermented fiber at pH 6.5 and to unfermented and fermented fibers at pH 7.4 to mimic conditions in the small intestine and colon, respectively. HAAs were effectively adsorbed to lignified fiber by up to 74% at pH 6.5 and by up to 68% at pH 7.4. Increasing the lignin content of unfermented fiber from 0.4% to about 14% increased HAA adsorption by two- to three-fold. This increase in lignification reduced microbial fiber degradation from 51% to minimum 8% after 24 h of fermentation, whereas variations in the guaiacyl and syringyl makeup of lignin had smaller but significant impacts on fiber degradation. A 24 h fermentation decreased the A alpha C adsorption to lignified fiber at pH 7.4 by up to one-third, while PhIP adsorption was not affected. Our results indicate that lignification increases the adsorption of hydrophobic HAAs to fiber but shifts in pH and fermentation may somewhat diminish adsorption of some HAAs as fiber passes from the small intestine into and through the colon. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Dept Gastrointestinal Microbiol, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bunzel, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.010 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 233MR UT WOS:000251095500005 PM 17475287 ER PT J AU Vasilyeva, LN Rossman, AY Farr, DF AF Vasilyeva, Larissa N. Rossman, Amy Y. Farr, David F. TI New species of the diaporthales from eastern Asia and eastern North America SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Sordariomycetes; systematics; taxonomy; wood-inhabiting fungi ID PHYLOGENY AB Seven previously undescribed diaporthalean species were found in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Three of these new species and one previously known species are assigned to a new genus Leucodiaporthe. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new taxa including Allantoporthe leucothoes sp. nov., Diaporthella corylina sp. nov., Leucodiaporthe acerina sp. nov., L. juglandis sp. nov., L. maackii comb. nov., L. robiniae sp. nov., Leucostoma pseudoniveum sp. nov., Leucostoma excipienda comb. nov., and Phragmodiaporthe padi sp. nov. C1 [Rossman, Amy Y.; Farr, David F.] USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vasilyeva, Larissa N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Amy.Rossman@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 916 EP 923 DI 10.3852/mycologia.99.6.916 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 261LP UT WOS:000253080600013 PM 18333515 ER PT J AU Jurjevic, Z Wilson, JP Wilson, DM Casper, HH AF Jurjevic, Zeljko Wilson, Jeffrey P. Wilson, David M. Casper, Howard H. TI Changes in fungi and mycotoxins in pearl millet under controlled storage conditions SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; deoxynivalenol; nivalenol; Pennisetum glaucum; storage molds; zearalenone ID CONTAMINATION; GRAIN; CORN; GEORGIA AB Pearl millet is increasingly being grown as a premium-value grain for the recreational wildlife and poultry industries in the southern US. We conducted three experiments to assess grain mold development in storage conditions typically encountered in the region of production. Variables included production year, temperature, relative humidity, atmosphere, and grain moisture content. In the first experiment, grain was stored for 9 weeks at 20 or 25 degrees C and maintained at 86% or 91% relative humidity (r.h.). In the second experiment, grain was stored for 9 weeks at 20 or 25 degrees C in either air (aerobic) or N-2 (anaerobic), and maintained at 100% r.h. In the third experiment, high-moisture grain was stored for 3 weeks at 20 or 25 degrees C and maintained at 100% r.h. Grain was sampled at weekly intervals and plated to determine changes in fungal frequency. Fungi isolated included Fusarium chlamydosporum (19% of grain), Curvularia spp. (14%), F. semitectum (16%), Alternaria spp. (9%), Aspergillus flavus (8%), "Helminthosporium"-type spp. (6%), and F. moniliforme sensu lato (3%). Year of grain production significantly affected isolation frequency of fungi. Isolation frequencies from low-moisture grain were rarely affected by temperature, relative humidity, or atmosphere treatments, but was affected by storage duration for some fungi. Changes in isolation of toxigenic fungi occurred in high-moisture grain. Isolation frequency of F. chlamydosporum increased in grain stored at 86% and 91% r.h. Incidence of A. flavus increased in high-moisture grain treatments, particularly at 25 degrees C. Incidence of deoxynivalenol was not affected by storage treatment. Low concentrations of nivalenol were detected in most grain incubated at 100% r.h. Zearalenone was detected only when grain moisture content was 20-22%. Aflatoxin contamination averaged 174 ng g(-1) over all treatments, and increased up to 798 ng g(-1) in high-moisture grain at stored at 25 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jeff.wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 164 IS 5 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9042-7 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 217ML UT WOS:000249951900004 PM 17701446 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD O'Keeffe, TL Mahoney, NE AF Palumbo, Jeffrey D. O'Keeffe, Teresa L. Mahoney, Noreen E. TI Inhibition of ochratoxin - A production and growth of Aspergillus species by phenolic antioxidant compounds SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungal inhibition; mycotoxin inhibition; ochratoxigenic Aspergillus; ochratoxin A; phenolic antioxidants ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; A PRODUCTION; PENICILLIUM-VIRIDICATUM; OCHRACEUS GROUP; JUGLANS-REGIA; WINE GRAPES; STRAINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; COFFEE; GENES AB The phenolic antioxidants, gallic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were studied for their effects on ochratoxin A (OTA) production and fungal growth of ochratoxigenic Aspergilli. Of the 12 strains tested, which included A. alliaceus, A. lanosus, A. ochraceus, A. albertensis, A. melleus, A. sulphureus, A. carbonarius, A. elegans, and A. sclerotiorum, the greatest inhibition of OTA production was seen in A. sulphureus, A. elegans, and A. lanosus. Vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the most inhibitory to both OTA production and growth of most of the strains tested. However, A. ochraceus was not inhibited by either compound, and A. carbonarius was not inhibited by vanillic acid. The effect of each compound on OTA production and growth differed among strains and generally was variable, suggesting that species-specific OTA production and response to phenolic compounds may be influenced by different ecological and developmental factors. In addition, inhibition of OTA production by antioxidant compounds may be useful in determining biosynthetic and regulatory genes involved in both OTA production and stress response in ochratoxigenic Aspergilli. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Palumbo, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM palumbo@pw.usda.gov NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 164 IS 5 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9057-0 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 217ML UT WOS:000249951900005 PM 17874203 ER PT J AU Windham, GL Williams, WP AF Windham, Gary L. Williams, William P. TI Systemic infection of stalks and ears of corn hybrids by Aspergillus parasiticus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus parasiticus; corn; maize; systemic infection; Zea mays ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; AFLATOXIN ACCUMULATION; FLAVUS; MAIZE; BORER; KERNELS AB This study was conducted to explore systemic infection by the Aspergillus flavus group into corn ears via the stalk. An A. parasiticus mutant which produces norsolorinic (NOR) acid (a visible orange intermediate of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway) was used in field studies to monitor systemic infection of corn stalk and ear tissues. Corn hybrids resistant and susceptible to aflatoxin contamination were grown in the field and inoculated prior to tasseling by inserting A. parasiticus infested toothpicks into stalks between the 5th and 6th node below the lowest ear shoot. Beginning 2 weeks after inoculation, systemic infection by the NOR mutant was assessed weekly by collecting ear shank tissue and stalk tissue from the nodes between the infection sites and the developing ears. Ears were collected at the end of the growing season to determine the level of kernel infection by the NOR mutant. In two separate studies, the A. parasiticus NOR mutant was isolated from stalk tissues at all of node positions and ear shank tissue from several susceptible corn hybrid plants at the first harvest date 2 weeks after inoculation. The NOR mutant was also isolated from stalk and ear tissue of a resistant hybrid. The NOR mutant was only isolated from kernels of susceptible hybrids in 2003 and 2004. Infection rates of kernels in infected ears were very low (< 1%). In 2005, the fungus was found in only one kernel from an ear of the resistant hybrid. The NOR mutant was not isolated from stalks, ears, or kernels from control (uninoculated) plants grown in the plots with inoculated plants. Although infection levels of corn kernels were low, systemic movement of the A. parasiticus up the stalk appears to be another possible route to infection of developing corn ears. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Windham, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM glwindham@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 164 IS 5 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9049-0 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 217ML UT WOS:000249951900006 PM 17763996 ER PT J AU Pridannikov, MV Petelina, GG Palchuk, MV Masler, EP Dzhavakhiya, VG AF Pridannikov, Mikhail V. Petelina, Galina G. Palchuk, Marina V. Masler, Edward P. Dzhavakhiya, Vitaly G. TI Influence of components of Globodera rostochiensis cysts on the in vitro hatch of second-stage juveniles SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyst rinsates; egg homogenate; egg rinsates; hatch inducer; potato root diffusate ID POTATO ROOT DIFFUSATE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GLYCINOECLEPIN-A; NEMATODE; EGGS; STIMULUS AB The effects of cyst components of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, on in vitro hatching of juveniles were evaluated. Aqueous homogenates of eggs and cyst walls, and aqueous rinses of cyst walls and eggs were examined. Homogenates of cyst walls or rinsates of either cyst walls or eggs each significantly increased hatch of juveniles five-fold compared with sterile distilled water controls. Cyst or egg homogenates induced significant increases (7.7-9.0-fold) in hatch of juveniles compared with controls. These values represent approximately 24.8-29.0% of the 31-fold induction of hatch of juveniles by potato root diffusate, routinely used to stimulate hatch in G. rostochiensis. The hatch inducing factor(s) in cyst homogenates was thermostable and retained activity after repeated freezing and thawing. Filter fractionation of cyst homogenate localised activity between molecular mass 0.5 kDa and 5 kDa, with no hatch inducing activity present above 5 kDa. Apparent depression of hatch induction at high concentrations of non-fractionated cyst homogenates suggests the presence of hatch inhibitors. C1 All Russian Res Inst Phytopathol, Mol Biol Lab, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pridannikov, MV (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Phytopathol, Mol Biol Lab, Vyazemskii 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. EM pridannikov@vniif.rosmail.com RI Pridannikov, Mikhail/B-9644-2014; Dzhavakhiya, Vitaly/P-6614-2014 OI Pridannikov, Mikhail/0000-0002-3941-5399; Dzhavakhiya, Vitaly/0000-0001-8704-0512 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1163/156854107782331126 PN 6 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 228TM UT WOS:000250755500009 ER PT J AU Reid, IS AF Reid, Ian S. TI Influence of motorboat use on thermal refuges and implications to salmonid physiology in the lower Rogue river, Oregon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHINOOK SALMON; STEELHEAD; TSHAWYTSCHA; GAIRDNERI; STREAM; CALIFORNIA; POOLS AB Motorboats can affect the behavior, physiology, and ecology of riverine fishes in several ways. One interaction that has been inadequately examined is the influence of motorboats and their wakes on thermal refuges and fishes using them. I used maps and thermal imagery to locate refuges, and continuous temperature monitors, behavioral observations, and bioenergetics models (including Q(10)) to quantify effects of motorboat use on salmonids in the lower Rogue River, Oregon. Motorboat wake height was inversely related to motorboat proximity; however, there was no clear relation between wake height and the intensity of temperature increases in thermal refuges. Eight of 10 boat passes were associated with slight increases in refuge temperatures (mean = 0.1 degrees C; SD = 0.8; N = 10), although temperature differences before, during, and after boat activity were not significant (ANOVA: F = 0.41; df= 2, 18; P = 0.66). The presence of motorboats and their wakes did not appear to provoke startle responses in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha when boats passed 3 in or farther from fish. Bioenergetics models showed negligible increases in salmonid daily standard metabolism or the chance of mortality from temperatures associated with boat wakes. These findings, albeit limited in scope, suggest that the current level of motorboat activity and its associated wakes have minor effects on the physiology of migrating salmonids using thermal refuges in the lower Rogue River. C1 US Forest Serv, Rogue River Siskiyou Natl Forest, Cave Junction, OR 97523 USA. RP Reid, IS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rogue River Siskiyou Natl Forest, 26568 Redwood Highway, Cave Junction, OR 97523 USA. EM ireid@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1173 DI 10.1577/M06-061.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400011 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Hobbs, MS Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Hobbs, Melissa S. Brandt, Thomas M. TI The effect of chemical treatments on red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculata, an exotic aquatic snail that serves as a vector of trematodes to fish and other species in the USA SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; TOLERANCE; MULLER; GILLS AB The red-rim melanin Melanoides tuberculata, a subtropical and tropical snail, is a nonindigenous species that has become established and is spreading in the United States. Of concern is the potential of the red-rim melania to displace native snail populations and to transmit trematodes that cause serious problems. One of these, a fish gill trematode, Centrocestus formosanus, has negatively affected U.S. commercial and wild fish stocks, including some endangered species. The snail has an operculum that can protect it from desiccation and can remain viable for days on dry fisheries equipment. Thus, contaminated fisheries equipment is suspected as one of the ways the snail is being moved from place to place. A study was conducted to find chemical treatments that would kill 100% of the red-rim melanin. Thirteen different chemicals and chemical combinations were evaluated at different concentrations and for various exposure periods. Roccal-D-Plus, Hydrothol 191, mclosamide, and Virkon showed promise in 24-h exposures at concentrations of 20 mg/L active ingredient (AI), 80 mg/L AI, 2 mg/L, and 1,600 mg/L AI, respectively. Additionally, Roccal-D-Plus killed all snails exposed to 2,000 mg/L for 1 h and to 600 mg/L for 16 h. Roccal-D-Plus has a history of use as a disinfectant for fishery equipment. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.; Hobbs, Melissa S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Brandt, Thomas M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1287 EP 1293 DI 10.1577/M06-252.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400023 ER PT J AU Mckay, DL Blumberg, JB AF Mckay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and cardiovascular disease risk factors SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE cranberry; Vaccinium macrocarpon; flavonoid; proanthocyanidin; cardiovascular disease ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ADHESION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CONSTITUENT; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; URINARY-TRACT HEALTH; HUMAN GASTRIC MUCUS; IN-VITRO; JUICE CONSUMPTION; HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS AB The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is one of the three commercially important fruits native to North America. Cranberries are a particularly rich source of phenolic phytochemicals, including phenolic acids (benzoic, hydroxycinnamic, and ellagic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols). A growing body of evidence suggests that polyphenols, including those found in cranberries, may contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing the resistance of LDL to oxidation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing blood pressure, and via other anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Research regarding the bioactivity of cranberries and their constituents on risk factors for CVD is reviewed. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mckay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM diane.mckay@tufts.edu NR 101 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 65 IS 11 BP 490 EP 502 DI 10.1301/nr.2007.nov.490-502 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 230VN UT WOS:000250904300002 PM 18038941 ER PT J AU Boyer, BB Mohatt, GV Plaetke, R Herron, J Stanhope, KL Stephensen, C Havel, PJ AF Boyer, Bert B. Mohatt, Gerald V. Plaetke, Rosemarie Herron, Johanna Stanhope, Kimber L. Stephensen, Charles Havel, Peter J. CA CANHRPT TI Metabolic syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The center for Alaska native health research (CANHR) study SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; triglyceride; glucose; insulin ID INSTITUTE SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT; PREVALENCE; GREENLAND; INUIT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; OBESITY AB Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its defining components among Yup'ik Eskimos. Research Methods and Procedures: A cross-sectional study design that included 7 10 adult Yup'ik Eskimos >= 18 years of age residing in 8 communities in Southwest Alaska. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined using the recently updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study cohort was 14.7%, and varied by sex with 8.6% of the men and 19.8% of the women having metabolic syndrome. This is lower than the prevalence of 23.9% in the general U.S. adult population. The most common metabolic syndrome components/risk factors were increased waist circumference and elevated blood glucose. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in Yup'ik Eskimos were significantly higher, and triglycerides lower than levels re- ported in National Health and Nutritional Examination III. Discussion: Compared with other populations, metabolic syndrome is relatively uncommon in Yup'ik Eskimos. The higher prevalence among Yup'ik women is primarily explained by their large waist circumference, suggesting central body fat accumulation. Further increases in metabolic syndrome risk factors among Yup'ik Eskimos could lead to increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, once rare in this population. C1 [Boyer, Bert B.; Mohatt, Gerald V.; Plaetke, Rosemarie; Herron, Johanna; CANHRPT] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Alaska Native Hlth Res, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stanhope, Kimber L.; Stephensen, Charles; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. [Stephensen, Charles] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Boyer, BB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Alaska Native Hlth Res, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bert.boyer@uaf.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16430] NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2007 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2535 EP 2540 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.302 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 243EX UT WOS:000251779000003 PM 18070741 ER PT J AU Epps, KY Comerford, NB Reeves, JB Cropper, WP Araujo, QR AF Epps, Kimberly Y. Comerford, Nicholas B. Reeves, James B., III Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Araujo, Quintino R. TI Chemical diversity - highlighting a species richness and ecosystem function disconnect SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID RAOS QUADRATIC ENTROPY; MONTANE RAIN-FORESTS; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSITION DYNAMICS; BIODIVERSITY; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; CHEMISTRY; DISSIMILARITY; COMMUNITIES AB The lack of predictability in litter-mix studies may result from the low correlation between species number and the traits that drive the processes under observation. From the standpoint of litter-quality-dependent ecological processes, we propose that litter chemical qualities are functional traits and introduce a multivariate index of chemical diversity (CDQ) based on Rao's quadratic entropy to describe the compositional heterogeneity of litter and foliar mixtures. Using published data from temperate and tropical forest systems to illustrate the relationship between species richness and chemical diversity, we show the variation of chemical diversity based on profiles of total nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) with species richness. We discuss how this behavior may explain the idiosyncratic responses exhibited in litter-mix experiments and how it may contribute to the observed dominance of species identity over species diversity. As a summary of resource heterogeneity relevant to detritivore and microbial processes, the chemical diversity index is potentially a better predictor of diversity effects on nutrient dynamics than species richness. Finally, we propose the use of infrared spectroscopy techniques for a rapid and more comprehensive determination of foliar and litter chemical composition to provide a more information-rich index. C1 Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Environm Management & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. San Cruz State Univ, Res Ctr, CEPLAC, Soil Div, Salvador, Brazil. RP Epps, KY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cayo@ufl.edu RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010 OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382 NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2007 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1831 EP 1840 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15853.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236BT UT WOS:000251278700006 ER PT J AU Kleter, GA Bhula, R Bodnaruk, K Carazo, E Felsot, AS Harris, CA Katayama, A Kuiper, HA Racke, KD Rubin, B Shevah, Y Stephenson, GR Tanaka, K Unsworth, J Wauchope, RD Wong, SS AF Kleter, Gijs A. Bhula, Raj Bodnaruk, Kevin Carazo, Elizabeth Felsot, Allan S. Harris, Caroline A. Katayama, Arata Kuiper, Harry A. Racke, Kenneth D. Rubin, Baruch Shevah, Yehuda Stephenson, Gerald R. Tanaka, Keiji Unsworth, John Wauchope, R. Donald Wong, Sue-Sun TI Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium of the ICP-BR-Bee-Protection-Group CY OCT 12-14, 2005 CL York, ENGLAND SP ICP-BR Bee Protect Grp, BASF Ag, Bayer CropSci AG, Dow AgrSci, E I Dupont Nemours DE genetically modified crops; pesticide usage; environmental impact; indicators ID FARM-LEVEL; COTTON; INDIA AB The large-scale commercial cultivation of transgenic crops has undergone a steady increase since their introduction 10 years ago. Most of these crops bear introduced traits that are of agronomic importance, such as herbicide or insect resistance. These traits are likely to impact upon the use of pesticides on these crops, as well as the pesticide market as a whole. Organizations like USDA-ERS and NCFAP monitor the changes in crop pest management associated with the adoption of transgenic crops. As part of an IUPAC project on this topic, recent data are reviewed regarding the alterations in pesticide use that have been observed in practice. Most results indicate a decrease in the amounts of active ingredients applied to transgenic crops compared with conventional crops. In addition, a generic environmental indicator - the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) - has been applied by these authors and others to estimate the environmental consequences of the altered pesticide use on transgenic crops. The results show that the predicted environmental impact decreases in transgenic crops. With the advent of new types of agronomic trait and crops that have been genetically modified, it is useful to take also their potential environmental impacts into account. (C) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. Australian Pesticides & Vet Med Author, Kingston, ACT, Australia. AKC Consultants Pty Ltd, W Pymble, NSW, Australia. Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest & Contaminac Ambiental, San Jose, Costa Rica. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Richland, WA USA. Explorat Int Ltd, Harrogate, TN USA. Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Sci, RH Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. TAHAL Consulting Eng Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Sankyo Co Ltd, Shiga, Japan. Private Consultant, Chelmsford, Essex, England. USDA ARS, Univ Georgia Coastal Plain, Tifton, GA USA. Taiwan Agr Chem & Tox Substances Res Inst, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Kleter, GA (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, POB 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. EM gijs.kleter@wur.nl NR 35 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1002/ps.1448 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 224GR UT WOS:000250436000011 PM 17880042 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, Chris J. TI Imidacloprid mobility and longevity in soil columns at a termiticidal application rate SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium of the ICP-BR-Bee-Protection-Group CY OCT 12-14, 2005 CL York, ENGLAND SP ICP-BR Bee Protect Grp, BASF Ag, Bayer CropSci AG, Dow AgrSci, E I Dupont Nemours DE imidacloprid; termiticide; mobility; vegetation ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; SUGAR-BEET; RHINOTERMITIDAE; FORMULATIONS; DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDE; COLEOPTERA; ISOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; SEED AB The mobility, longevity and termiticidal activity of imidacloprid (Premise (R) 2 termiticide; Bayer Environmental Sciences) at the termiticidal labeled rate for perimeter treatment were tested in vegetated and non-vegetated soil columns in two tests: in cone plots and in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Imidacloprid content in the cone plot eluate peaked at I month, declined rapidly by the second month and then entered a lagging phase. The concentration of imidacloprid in the cone plot soil declined from 84.5 mu g g(-1) initially to 7.5 mu g g(-1) (non-vegetated plots) and 8.1 mu g g-(1) (vegetated plots) 6 months later. Neither eluate concentration nor soil concentration was affected by the presence of vegetation in the cone plots. In the PVC pipes, the top 15 cm of which was treated with Premise (R) 2 at the perimeter labeled rate, imidacloprid half-life was estimated at 6-9 months for vegetated and non-vegetated soil. Extractable imidacloprid declined more rapidly in the first 15 months than afterwards. Mobility of imidacloprid into lower, untreated soil depths was higher in nort-vegetated pipes, and was likely due to the effect of vegetation on soil moisture. The presence of vegetation had little effect on the termiticidal activity of treated soil in the PVC pipes. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1002/ps.1433 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 224GR UT WOS:000250436000013 PM 17890658 ER PT J AU Grennan, AK Ort, DR AF Grennan, Aleel K. Ort, Donald R. TI Cool temperatures interfere with D1 synthesis in tomato by causing ribosomal pausing SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE D1; environmental stress; PSII; low temperature; high light; translation; polysomes ID II REACTION-CENTER; REACTION-CENTER PROTEIN; CHLOROPLAST GENE-EXPRESSION; WATER-WATER CYCLE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; IN-VIVO; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; REPAIR CYCLE; GREEN PLANTS; PHOTOOXIDATIVE STRESS AB Photodamage occurs when leaves are exposed to light in excess of what can be used for photosynthesis and in excess of the capacity of ancillary photoprotective as well as repair mechanisms. An important site of photodamage is the chloroplast encoded D1 protein, a component of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center. Even under optimal growth irradiance, D1 is photodamaged necessitating rapid turnover to prevent the accumulation of photodamaged PSII reaction centers and consequent inhibition of photosynthesis. However, this on-going process of D1 turnover and replacement was impeded in the chilling-sensitive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants when exposed to high-growth light at cool temperature. The decrease in D1 turnover and replacement was found not to be due to changes in the steady-state level of the psbA message. While the recruitment of ribosomes to psbA transcript, initiation of D1 translation, and the association of polysomes with the thylakoid membrane occurred normally, chilling temperatures caused ribosomal pausing during D1 peptide elongation in tomato. The pause locations were non-randomly located on the D1 transcript. The interference with translation caused by ribosomal pausing allowed photodamaged PSII centers to accumulate leading to the consequent inhibition of photosynthesis. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Grennan, AK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr,1407 IGB, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM agrennan@uiuc.edu RI Grennan, Aleel/B-5747-2008 NR 77 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s11120-007-9169-x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 238DB UT WOS:000251426400018 PM 17479355 ER PT J AU Fielding, DJ Defoliart, LS AF Fielding, Dennis J. Defoliart, Linda S. TI Growth, development, and nutritional physiology of grasshoppers from subarctic and temperate regions SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; STARVATION RESISTANCE; BODY-SIZE; PREDATION; POPULATIONS; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; RATES; RISK AB Despite the importance of developmental rate, growth rate, and size at maturity in the life history of poikliotherms, the trade-offs among these traits and selection pressures involved in the evolution of these traits are not well understood. This study compared these traits in a grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes F. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), from two contrasting geographical regions, subarctic Alaska and temperate Idaho. The growing season in the interior of Alaska is about 80 d shorter than at low-elevation sites in Idaho. We hypothesized that the Alaskan grasshoppers would show more rapid growth and development than grasshoppers from Idaho, at the cost of greater sensitivity to food quality. On a diet of lettuce and wheat bran, grasshoppers from Alaska developed from egg hatch to adult more rapidly than those from Idaho at each of three different temperature regimes. Averaged over all temperature treatments, the weight of the Alaskan grasshoppers was about 5% less than that of the Idaho grasshoppers at the adult molt. Feeding and digestive efficiencies were determined for the final two instars using two meridic diets: one with a high concentration of nutrients and the other with the same formulation but diluted with cellulose. Alaskan grasshoppers again developed more rapidly, weighed less, and had faster growth rates than those from Idaho. Alaskan grasshoppers supported their more rapid growth by increasing postingestive efficiencies; that is, they had higher conversion rates of digested matter to biomass on the high-quality diet, greater assimilation of food on the low-quality diet, and greater efficiency of nitrogen assimilation or retention on both diets. There was no evidence that performance of Alaskan grasshoppers suffered any more than that of the Idaho grasshoppers on the low-quality diet. C1 Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Subartic Agr Unit, Agr Res Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Subartic Agr Unit, Agr Res Serv, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdjf1@uaf.edu NR 53 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 6 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1086/521801 PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 216OM UT WOS:000249887600005 PM 17909997 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Lee, ST Gardner, DR Panter, KE James, LF AF Molyneux, Russell J. Lee, Stephen T. Gardner, Dale R. Panter, Kip E. James, Lynn F. TI Phytochemicals: The good, the bad and the ugly? SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Veratrum californicum; Lupinus spp.; Astragalus spp.; Oxytropis spp.; Castanospermum australe; Ipomoea carnea; Senecio spp.; glycosidase inhibition; anticancer; antiviral ID STEROIDAL ALKALOID TERATOGENS; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM DURAND; INHIBITS ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; HYACINTHOIDES-NON-SCRIPTA; KILLER CELL-ACTIVITY; FETAL CLEFT-PALATE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; IPOMOEA-CARNEA; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS AB Phytochemicals are constitutive metabolites that enable plants to overcome temporary or continuous threats integral to their environment, while also controlling essential functions of growth and reproduction. All of these roles are generally advantageous to the producing organisms but the inherent biological activity of such constituents often causes dramatic adverse consequences in other organisms that may be exposed to them. Nevertheless, such effects may be the essential indicator of desirable properties, such as therapeutic potential, especially when the mechanism of bioactivity can be delineated. Careful observation of cause and effect, followed by a coordinated approach to identify the responsible entities, has proved extremely fruitful in discovering roles for phytochemical constituents. The process is illustrated by selected examples of plants poisonous to animals and include the steroidal alkaloid toxin of Veratrum californicum (Western false hellebore), piperidine alkaloids of Lupinus species (lupines), and polyhydroxy indolizidine, pyrrolizidine and nortropane alkaloids of Astragalus and Oxytropis species (locoweeds), Castanospermum australe (Moreton Bay chestnut) and Ipomoea species (morning glories). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lee, Stephen T.; Gardner, Dale R.; Panter, Kip E.; James, Lynn F.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM molyneux@pw.usda.gov NR 104 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 68 IS 22-24 BP 2973 EP 2985 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.004 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 254KU UT WOS:000252586300029 PM 17950388 ER PT J AU Gale, LR Ward, TJ Balmas, V Kistler, HC AF Gale, L. R. Ward, T. J. Balmas, V. Kistler, H. C. TI Population subdivision of Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto in the upper Midwestern United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; Fusarium head blight; Gibberella zeae ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HEAD BLIGHT; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; WHEAT SCAB; BARLEY; DEOXYNIVALENOL; CHEMOTYPES; MYCOTOXINS; INFERENCE AB A collection of 712 Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s) strains, predominantly gathered between 1999 and 2000 from nine states within the United States, was examined for population structure and polymerase chain reaction-based trichothecene type. Most strains belonged to a cohesive genetic population characterized by a 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) trichothecene type. However, using a Bayesian model-based clustering method, we also identified genetically divergent groups of strains in some sampled locations of Minnesota and North Dakota. Strains of the major group of divergent populations were of a 3ADON trichothecene type and formed a distinct cluster with a collection of previously gathered strains from Italy, which displayed all three trichothecene types (15ADON, 3ADON, and nivalenol). The co-existence of genetically divergent populations of E graminearum s.s. in the Upper Midwest allows for the rejection of the hypothesis that E graminearum s.s. in the United States consists of a single population. These results also suggest that recombination has been insufficiently frequent in this homothallic (selfing) fungal species to homogenize the divergent populations observed in the Upper Midwest. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Protez Piante, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Univ Minnesota, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gale, LR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM lianeg@umn.edu RI Balmas, Virgilio/J-8194-2015 OI Balmas, Virgilio/0000-0003-3213-3089 NR 28 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1434 EP 1439 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-11-1434 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222VU UT WOS:000250326500008 PM 18943513 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Cohen, L Eick, A Rafael, G Belausov, E Wisniewski, M Droby, S AF Macarisin, D. Cohen, L. Eick, A. Rafael, G. Belausov, E. Wisniewski, M. Droby, S. TI Penicillium digitatum suppresses production of hydrogen peroxide in host tissue during infection of citrus fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; POWDERY MILDEW INTERACTION; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; EARLY H2O2 ACCUMULATION; OXIDATIVE BURST; OXALIC-ACID; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; EXTRACELLULAR CATALASE; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE AB During the infection of citrus fruit by Penicillium digitatum there is little evidence of a host defense response. This suggests that P. digitatum has the ability to suppress host defenses. The current study demonstrates that P digitatum suppresses a defense-related hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst in host tissue. In contrast, the nonhost pathogen, Penicillium expansum, triggers production of a significant amount of H2O2 in citrus fruit exocarp. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that P. digitatum suppressed an elevation in H2O2 UP to 42 h after inoculation. Nevertheless, H2O2 levels around wounds inoculated with P expansum increased by 63-fold above the control. P digitatum continued to suppress H2O2 production in citrus fruit exocarp up to 66 It postinoculation and H2O2 levels were actually threefold below that of noninoculated controls. In contrast, the H2O2 level was still about 63-fold above the control value in wound sites inoculated with P expansum. Studies on the effect of organic acids (as pH modulators) on the response of citrus fruit to compatible and noncompatible pathogens indicated that pathogenicity was enhanced only when host-tissue acidification was accompanied by the suppression of H2O2. Additionally, pathogenicity of both P. digitatum and P. expansum on citrus fruit was significantly enhanced by the H2O2-scavenging enzyme catalase. Based on our study and previous reports regarding the potential involvement of citric acid and catalase in green mold pathogenesis, we suggest that these compounds are strongly associated with the virulence of P. digitatum. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Macarisin, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Dumitru.Macarisin@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1491 EP 1500 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-11-1491 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222VU UT WOS:000250326500015 PM 18943520 ER PT J AU Ferguson, LM Carson, ML AF Ferguson, L. M. Carson, M. L. TI Temporal variation in Setosphaeria turcica between 1974 and 1994 and origin of races 1, 23, and 23N in the United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN LEAF-BLIGHT; RESISTANCE GENE HTN; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATIONS; MAIZE; DIVERSITY; VIRULENT; HELMINTHOSPORIUM; EPIDEMIC AB Setosphaeria turcica causes northern leaf blight, an economically important disease of maize throughout the world. Survey collections of S. turcica isolates from 1974 to 1994 provided a unique opportunity to examine temporal diversity in the eastern United States. Two hundred forty-two isolates of S. turcica from maize were studied with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, mating type, and virulence on maize differential inbred lines with known Ht resistance genes to examine changes over time. One hundred forty-nine RAPD haplotypes were identified. Nearly 20% of haplotypes recurred in more than one year. Race 0 isolates declined in frequency from 83% in 1974 to near 50% in the 1990s, most likely in response to the widespread deployment of Htl in commercial maize hybrids. Races 23 and 23N were present in the collection at low levels throughout the study period and were also found among isolates from Virginia in 1957. The frequency of MAT1-2 isolates increased sharply after 1979 and was associated with the emergence of race 1 during the same period. RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity among a subset of isolates collected in the United States from 1976 to 1982, the period in which this dramatic shift in race frequency occurred. Multilocus haplotypes were not exclusively associated with known races of S. turcica. Based on shared haplotypes and cluster analysis, race 1 isolates share greater similarity with race 0 than with 23 or 23N isolates, indicating race 1 probably evolved from multiple lineages of race 0. Sorghum spp.-infecting isolates share greater similarity with one another than with maize-infecting isolates and represent a distinct subgroup. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM marty.carson@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1501 EP 1511 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-11-1501 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222VU UT WOS:000250326500016 PM 18943521 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Vandemark, GJ Hughes, TJ Grau, CR AF Larsen, R. C. Vandemark, G. J. Hughes, T. J. Grau, C. R. TI Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantifying Verticillium albo-atrum DNA in resistant and susceptible Alfalfa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; WILT; PCR; MARKERS; CONTAMINATION; CULTIVARS; SEED C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rharsen@tricity.wsu.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1519 EP 1525 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-11-1519 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222VU UT WOS:000250326500018 PM 18943523 ER PT J AU Duncan, KA Huber, SC AF Duncan, Kateri A. Huber, Steven C. TI Sucrose synthase oligomerization and F-actin association are regulated by sucrose concentration and phosphorylation SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sucrose synthase; F-actin binding; protein oligomerization; calcium dependent protein kinase; protein phosphorylation; sugar sensing ID COILED-COILS; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; METABOLIZING ENZYMES; BINDING PROTEINS; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; HIGHER-PLANTS; SYNTHETASE; EXPRESSION; ISOFORMS; TISSUE AB Sucrose synthase (SUS) is a key enzyme in plant metabolism, as it serves to cleave the photosynthetic end-product sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose. SUS is generally assumed to be a tetrameric protein, but results in the present study suggest that SUS can form dimers as well as tetramers and that sucrose may be a regulatory factor for the oligomerization status of SUS. The oligomerization of SUS may also affect the cellular localization of the protein. We show that sucrose concentration modulates the ability of SUS1 to associate with F-actin in vitro and that calcium-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of recombinant SUS1 at the Ser15 site is a negative regulator of its association with actin. Although high sucrose concentrations and hyperphosphorylation have been shown to promote SUS association with the plasma membrane, we show that the opposite is true for the SUSactin association. We also show that SUS1 has a unique 28 residue coiled-coil domain that does not appear to play a role in oligomerization, but may prove to be significant in the future for interactions of SUS with other proteins. Collectively, these results highlight the multifaceted nature of SUS association with cellular structures. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 P41-RR03155] NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1612 EP 1623 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcm133 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 232RO UT WOS:000251037200010 PM 17932116 ER PT J AU Cichy, KA Snapp, SS Kirk, WW AF Cichy, Karen A. Snapp, Sieglinde S. Kirk, William W. TI Fusarium root rot incidence and root system architecture in grafted common bean lines SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE root length; root diameter; soil compaction; reciprocal grafting ID SOIL COMPACTION; SNAP BEANS; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; YIELD; GENOTYPES; NEBRASKA; HEALTH; SHOOT AB In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Fusarium root rot (caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) disease severity is increased by environmental factors that stress the plant. The current study used reciprocal grafting techniques with the resistant cultivar FR266 and the susceptible cultivar Montcalm to determine if the genetic control of resistance is conferred by the rootstock (root genotype) or the scion (shoot genotype) and if root vigor played a role in resistance. The influence of a compacted layer on root and shoot genotype response and root rot resistance was studied. Root rot resistance was found to be controlled by the root genotype, such that on a scale of 1 to 7 (severe disease) the FR266 root had an average score of 2.3 and the Montcalm root had an average score of 4.4. However, when grafted plants were grown in the presence of a compacted layer, the FR266 root and/or shoot genotype in any graft combination with the susceptible Montcalm had reduced root rot (score= 2.4 average) than the Montcalm self graft (score=4.5). Root mass was shown to be controlled by the root genotype in the absence of compaction such that the FR266 root was 26% larger that the Montcalm root when grafted onto a FR266 shoot or a Montcalm shoot. When a compacted layer was present the root and shoot genotype both contributed to root mass. Average root diameter was controlled by the shoot genotype, as the FR266 shoot grafted to Montcalm or FR266 roots had thicker roots (average diameter 0.455 mm) than the Montcalm shoot (average diameter 0.418 mm). This study shows evidence that root vigor in the presence of Fusarium disease pressure should be evaluated to effectively develop common bean lines resistant to Fusarium root rot across a range of environments. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cichy, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM kcichy@uidaho.edu RI Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2007 VL 300 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9408-0 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 226IK UT WOS:000250582500021 ER PT J AU Leple, JC Dauwe, R Morreel, K Storme, V Lapierre, C Pollet, B Naumann, A Kang, KY Kim, H Ruel, K Lefebvre, A Joseleau, JP Grima-Pettenati, J De Rycke, R Andersson-Gunneras, S Erban, A Fehrle, I Petit-Conil, M Kopka, J Polle, A Messens, E Sundberg, B Mansfield, SD Ralph, J Pilate, G Boerjan, W AF Leple, Jean-Charles Dauwe, Rebecca Morreel, Kris Storme, Veronique Lapierre, Catherine Pollet, Brigitte Naumann, Annette Kang, Kyu-Young Kim, Hoon Ruel, Katia Lefebvre, Andree Joseleau, Jean-Paul Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline De Rycke, Riet Andersson-Gunneras, Sara Erban, Alexander Fehrle, Ines Petit-Conil, Michel Kopka, Joachim Polle, Andrea Messens, Eric Sundberg, Bjorn Mansfield, Shawn D. Ralph, John Pilate, Gilles Boerjan, Wout TI Downregulation of cinnamoyl-coenzyme a reductase in poplar: Multiple-level phenotyping reveals effects on cell wall polymer metabolism and structure SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; COA-REDUCTASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; SERINE-CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEIN AB Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. We show that downregulation of CCR in transgenic poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba) was associated with up to 50% reduced lignin content and an orange-brown, often patchy, coloration of the outer xylem. Thioacidolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), immunocytochemistry of lignin epitopes, and oligolignol profiling indicated that lignin was relatively more reduced in syringyl than in guaiacyl units. The cohesion of the walls was affected, particularly at sites that are generally richer in syringyl units in wild-type poplar. Ferulic acid was incorporated into the lignin via ether bonds, as evidenced independently by thioacidolysis and by NMR. A synthetic lignin incorporating ferulic acid had a red-brown coloration, suggesting that the xylem coloration was due to the presence of ferulic acid during lignification. Elevated ferulic acid levels were also observed in the form of esters. Transcript and metabolite profiling were used as comprehensive phenotyping tools to investigate how CCR downregulation impacted metabolism and the biosynthesis of other cell wall polymers. Both methods suggested reduced biosynthesis and increased breakdown or remodeling of noncellulosic cell wall polymers, which was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wet chemistry analysis. The reduced levels of lignin and hemicellulose were associated with an increased proportion of cellulose. Furthermore, the transcript and metabolite profiling data pointed toward a stress response induced by the altered cell wall structure. Finally, chemical pulping of wood derived from 5-year-old, field-grown transgenic lines revealed improved pulping characteristics, but growth was affected in all transgenic lines tested. C1 [Leple, Jean-Charles] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Ameliorat Genet & Physiol Forestieres, F-45166 Olivet, France. [Leple, Jean-Charles; Dauwe, Rebecca; Morreel, Kris; De Rycke, Riet; Messens, Eric; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Leple, Jean-Charles; Dauwe, Rebecca; Morreel, Kris; Storme, Veronique; De Rycke, Riet; Messens, Eric; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Genet, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Lapierre, Catherine; Pollet, Brigitte] INRA, AgroParisTech Ctr Grignon, UMR 206, Unite Chim Biol, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. [Naumann, Annette; Polle, Andrea] Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Bot, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Kang, Kyu-Young; Mansfield, Shawn D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kim, Hoon] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ruel, Katia; Lefebvre, Andree; Joseleau, Jean-Paul] CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, Unite Prope Rech 5301, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline] CNRS, UMR Unite Propre Serv 5546, Pole Biotechnol Vegetales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Andersson-Gunneras, Sara; Sundberg, Bjorn] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Genet & Plant Physiol, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Erban, Alexander; Fehrle, Ines; Kopka, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Petit-Conil, Michel] Ctr Tech Ind Papiers Cartons & Celluloses, F-38044 Grenoble 9, France. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.ugent.be RI Pilate, Gilles/D-1666-2011; LEPLE, Jean-Charles/H-4210-2012; LEPLE, Jean charles/L-9604-2014; Pilate, Gilles/E-8784-2017; OI Pilate, Gilles/0000-0003-4802-8849; Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X; Kang, Kyu-Young/0000-0002-0457-842X; Kopka, Joachim/0000-0001-9675-4883 NR 113 TC 190 Z9 204 U1 7 U2 96 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2007 VL 19 IS 11 BP 3669 EP 3691 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.054148 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 249ZB UT WOS:000252268700027 PM 18024569 ER PT J AU McElrone, AJ Bichler, J Pockman, WT Addington, RN Linder, CR Jackson, RB AF McElrone, Andrew J. Bichler, Justin Pockman, William T. Addington, Robert N. Linder, C. Randal Jackson, Robert B. TI Aquaporin-mediated changes in hydraulic conductivity of deep tree roots accessed via caves SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aquaporins; deep roots; hydraulic signals; long distance water transport; root hydraulic conductivity; water channel gating; whole-tree water use ID WATER CHANNELS AQUAPORINS; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; SAP FLOW; MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; CORN ROOTS; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; CONDUCTANCE; MECHANISM; PRESSURE AB Although deep roots can contribute substantially to whole-tree water use, little is known about deep root functioning because of limited access for in situ measurements. We used a cave system on the Edwards Plateau of central Texas to investigate the physiology of water transport in roots at 18-20 m depth for two common tree species, Quercus fusiformis and Bumelia lanuginosa. Using sap flow and water potential measurements on deep roots, we found that calculated root hydraulic conductivity (RHC) fluctuated diurnally for both species and decreased under shading for B. lanuginosa. To assess whether these dynamic changes in RHC were regulated during initial water absorption by fine roots, we used an ultra-low flowmeter and hydroxyl radical inhibition to measure in situ fine root hydraulic conductivity (FRHC) and aquaporin contribution to FRHC (AQPC), respectively. During the summer, FRHC and AQPC were found to cycle diurnally in both species, with peaks corresponding to the period of highest transpirational demand at midday. During whole-tree shade treatments, B. lanuginosa FRHC ceased diurnal cycling and decreased by 75 and 35% at midday and midnight, respectively, while AQPC decreased by 41 and 30% during both time periods. A controlled growth-chamber study using hydroponically grown saplings confirmed daily cycling and shade-induced reductions in FRHC and AQPC. Winter measurements showed that the evergreen Q. fusiformis maintained high FRHC and AQPC throughout the year, while the deciduous B. lanuginosa ceased diurnal cycling and exhibited its lowest annual values for both parameters in winter. Adjustments in FRHC and AQPC to changing canopy water demands may help the trees maintain the use of reliable water resources from depth and contribute to the success of these species in this semi-arid environment. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. St Josephs Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP McElrone, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajmcelrone@ucdavis.edu RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457 NR 59 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01714.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215RJ UT WOS:000249826400006 PM 17897411 ER PT J AU Irish, BM Correll, JC Koike, ST Morelock, TE AF Irish, B. M. Correll, J. C. Koike, S. T. Morelock, T. E. TI Three new races of the spinach downy mildew pathogen identified by a modified set of spinach differentials SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP SPINACIAE; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; FUNGUS AB Spinach downy mildew, caused by Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, is the most economically important disease of spinach worldwide. During the past few years, spinach cultivars resistant to the seven previously described races of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were observed to be severely affected by downy mildew in both the United States and the European Union. Four new isolates of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae were collected from California and The Netherlands and characterized based on disease reactions on two modified sets of spinach differentials. The results led to the description of three new races of the downy mildew pathogen, designated races 8, 9, and 10. Four differential cultivars with resistance to races I to 7 were used to distinguish the three new races. Dolphin was susceptible to races 8 and 10 but resistant to race 9; Lion was susceptible to race 10 but resistant to races 8 and 9; Lazio was resistant to races I to 7 as well as races 8, 9, and 10; and Tarpy was susceptible to all three new races. The three new races also were used to evaluate the disease reactions on 43 contemporary commercial spinach cultivars in greenhouse trials. A survey of 58 isolates of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae collected in California and Arizona between 2004 and 2006 revealed that race 10 predominated in the areas sampled. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Correll, JC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. EM jcorrell@uark.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1392 EP 1396 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1392 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700004 ER PT J AU Miles, MR Levy, C Morel, W Mueller, T Steinlage, T van Rij, N Frederick, RD Hartman, GL AF Miles, M. R. Levy, C. Morel, W. Mueller, T. Steinlage, T. van Rij, N. Frederick, R. D. Hartman, G. L. TI International fungicide efficacy trials for the management of soybean rust SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; RESISTANCE; WHEAT AB The efficacy of fungicides in managing soybean rust was evaluated in 12 environments in South America and southern Africa over three growing seasons from 2002 to 2005. There were differences in final soybean rust severity, defoliation, and yield among the treatments at most locations. In locations where soybean rust was not severe, all the fungicides evaluated reduce severity. In locations where soybean rust was severe, applications of triazole and triazole + strobilurin fungicides resulted in lower severity and higher yields compared with other fungicides. The strobilurin fungicides provided the highest yields in many locations; however, severity tended to be higher than that of the triazole fungicides. There also were differences in yield and severity between the trials with two and three applications of several fungicides, with three applications resulting in less severe soybean rust and higher yields. However, the third application of tebuconazole, tetraconazole, and the mixtures containing azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was not needed to maintain yield. These fungicides were among the most effective for managing soybean rust and maintaining yield over most locations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Commercial Farmers Union Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Reg Invest Agricola, Minist Agr Ganaderia, Itapua, Paraguay. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Kwa Zulu Natal Dept Agr & Environm Affairs, Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Miles, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mrmiles@uiuc.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1450 EP 1458 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1450 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700013 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Gillen, AM Camp, S Shock, CC Eldredge, EP Gallian, JJ AF Strausbaugh, Carl A. Gillen, Anne M. Camp, Stacey Shock, Clinton C. Eldredge, Eric P. Gallian, John J. TI Relationship of beet curly top foliar ratings to sugar beet yield SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BCTV; beet leafhopper; BMCTV; BSCTV; Circulifer tenellus; Curtovirus geminivirus ID VIRUS; INFECTION; PLANTS; AGE; RESISTANCE AB Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties were evaluated for disease resistance to curly top to establish if disease ratings made in inoculated nurseries correlated with disease ratings and yield in sugar beet crops exposed to natural disease outbreaks. Cultivars were planted both in inoculated curly top nurseries in Kimberly, ID, and in commercial cultivar trials in irrigated fields near Ontario, OR and Nampa, ID. Plants were evaluated for curly top using a rating scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 9 (dead). Moderate disease pressure in the Ontario (mean rating = 3.8) and Nampa (mean rating = 4.1) fields resulted in significant differences for disease rating, root yield, sugar content, and estimated recoverable sugar among cultivars. Disease ratings from both commercial fields were positively correlated (r = 0.91 and 0.82, P < 0.0001) with ratings from the inoculated nurseries. In commercial fields, root yield was negatively related to disease rating (r(2) = 0.47 and 0.39, P <= 0.0004). For each unit increase in disease rating (increasing susceptibility), root yield decreased 5.76 to 6.93 t/ha. Thus, curly top nurseries reliably predict curly top resistant cultivars for commercial cultivation. C1 USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID USA. Amalgamated Sugar Co, Paul, ID USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Moscow, ID 83303 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID USA. EM carls@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1459 EP 1463 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1459 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700014 ER PT J AU Mitchum, MG Wrather, JA Heinz, RD Shannon, JG Danekas, G AF Mitchum, Melissa G. Wrather, J. Allen Heinz, Robert D. Shannon, J. Grover Danekas, Gene TI Variability in distribution and virulence phenotypes of Heterodera glycines in Missouri during 2005 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE glycine max; HG types ID SCHEME AB The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is a serious economic threat to soybean producers in Missouri. Periodic monitoring for the presence, population densities, and virulence phenotypes of H. glycines is essential for determining crop losses and devising management strategies implementing the use of resistant cultivars. A survey using area-frame sampling was conducted to determine the distribution and virulence phenotypes of H. glycines in Missouri during 2005. Two samples from each of 125 fields representing eight geographical regions of Missouri were collected; 243 samples were processed for extraction of cysts and eggs. In all, 49% of samples had detectable cyst nematode populations, which ranged from 138 to 85,250 eggs per 250 cm(3) of soil. Race and H. glycines type tests were conducted on populations from 45 samples. Nearly 80% of the populations that were tested, irrespective of the region, were virulent on the indicator line plant introduction (PI) 88788, which is the source of resistance for most H. glycines-resistant cultivars. More than 70% of populations could reproduce on the indicator lines PI 88788, PI 209332, and PI 548316 (Cloud), indicating that soybean cultivars with resistance derived from these sources need to be carefully monitored and used only in rotation with nonhost crops and soybean cultivars with resistance from other sources. Approximately one-third of the populations, primarily in the southern regions of Missouri, could reproduce on PI 548402 (Peking), another common source of resistance. Fewer than 10% of the populations could reproduce on PI 90763, PI 437654, PI 89772, or PI 438489B, suggesting that these sources of resistance should be used in soybean breeding programs to develop H. glycines-resistant soybean cultivars. C1 Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Div Plast Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Agr Stat Serv, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Wrather, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Div Plast Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wratherj@missouri.edu NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1473 EP 1476 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1473 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700016 ER PT J AU Yandoc, CB Rosskopf, EN Shah, DA Albano, JP AF Yandoc, C. B. Rosskopf, E. N. Shah, D. A. Albano, J. P. TI Effect of fertilization and biopesticides on the infection of Catharanthus roseus by Phytophthora nicotianae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; PARASITICA VAR NICOTIANAE; DEFENSE-RELATED ENZYMES; DAMPING-OFF; FOSETYL-AL; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; FIELD CONDITIONS; PHOSPHORUS-ACID AB Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to determine the effect of fertilizer concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0x Hoagland solutions) and various commercial biopesticides on the severity of Phytophthora nicotianae infection of Madagascar periwinkle. Application of biopesticides and fertilizer concentration significantly influenced the severity of infection, but there was no significant effect from the interaction of these two factors. Overall, disease severity showed a tendency to increase with the concentration of applied fertilizer. Compared with the control plants, disease was significantly less severe in plants that were treated with the biopesticides, except for plants treated with metabolites of Myrothecium verrucaria (DiTera). However, only the products containing potassium phosphonates and potassium phosphates (FNX-100 and FNX-2500) provided a satisfactory level of control when compared with either the control plants or those that received any of the other products tested. Additional experiments were carried out in growth chambers to test the effects of increasing fertilizer concentrations in plants that were inoculated with different P. nicotianae inoculum levels. In these trials, there was no consistent indication that disease is most severe in plants that received the highest fertilizer concentration even at the highest inoculum level. C1 US Hort Lab, Former Postdoctoral Res Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. New York State Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), US Hort Lab, Former Postdoctoral Res Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM erin.rosskopf@ars.usda.gov RI Shah, Denis/B-1885-2013 OI Shah, Denis/0000-0002-4551-2216 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1477 EP 1483 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1477 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700017 ER PT J AU Snover-Clift, KL Clement, PA Jablonski, R Mungari, RJ Mavrodieva, VA Negi, S Levy, L AF Snover-Clift, K. L. Clement, P. A. Jablonski, R. Mungari, R. J. Mavrodieva, V. A. Negi, S. Levy, L. TI First report of Plum pox virus on plum in New York state SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID POTYVIRUS C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Div Plant Ind, Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY USA. APHIS, USDA, PPQ, CPHST,NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Snover-Clift, KL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1512 EP 1512 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1512A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700024 ER PT J AU Aime, MC Rossman, AY AF Aime, M. C. Rossman, A. Y. TI First report of the rust Phragmidium violaceum on Pennsylvania Blackberry in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Aime, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1517 EP 1517 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1517C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 221VE UT WOS:000250254700039 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Toler, TR Bradley, BA Hawk, JL Griswold, TL AF Tepedino, Vincent J. Toler, Trent R. Bradley, Brosi A. Hawk, Jessica L. Griswold, Terry L. TI Pollination biology of a disjunct population of the endangered sandhills endemic Penstemon haydenii S. Wats. (Scrophulariaceae) in Wyoming, USA SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding system; reproductive limitation; bees; pollinators; beardtongue; rare; conservation ID PERIPHERAL-POPULATIONS; SELF-COMPATIBILITY; SEED SET; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; POLLEN; SYSTEM; PLANTS; HERB AB We studied the breeding system and flower visitors of the endangered plant, Penstemon haydenii, at several south-central Wyoming, USA occurrences. In agreement with earlier studies of the species 300 km to the east in Nebraska, we found Wyoming plants to be self-incompatible and pollinator-dependent for sexual reproduction. Flower visitors were several species of native bees in the families Apidae (particularly bumblebees), Halictidae (small sweat bees), and Megachilidae (especially in the genus Osmia); and the masarid wasp Pseudomasaris vespoides. Especially important was Osmia brevis, an abundant megachilid bee, and one of only two species (the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pruinosum was the other) present at all five sites. As in Nebraska, fruit set did not differ between our experimental cross-pollination treatment and an open-pollinated control. However, unlike Nebraska, open-pollinated treatments in Wyoming produced significantly fewer seeds per fruit than the experimental out-crossing treatment. We discuss several possible explanations for seed limitation: (1) a scarcity of pollinators early in the flowering season; (2) resource competition for developing ovules on open-pollinated inflorescences but not on experimental inflorescences; (3) the deposition of self pollen through intra-inflorescence and intra-genet pollinator movements; (4) few S-alleles and mating types in the Wyoming metapopulation compared to the Nebraska metapopulation, from which it likely derives. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andrena@biology.usu.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 193 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9248-7 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 215IU UT WOS:000249802700005 ER PT J AU Boavida, LC McCormick, S AF Boavida, Leonor C. McCormick, Sheila TI Temperature as a determinant factor for increased and reproducible in vitro pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pollen tube growth; pollen grain; tip growth; gametophyte function; Columbia ecotype; Landsberg erecta ecotype ID TUBE GROWTH; TETRAD ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; CELL-GROWTH; TIP GROWTH; STRESS; TRANSCRIPTOME; VIABILITY; FERTILITY; OVULES AB Despite much effort, a robust protocol for in vitro germination of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen has been elusive. Here we show that controlled temperatures, a largely disregarded factor in previous studies, and a simple optimized medium, solidified or liquid, yielded pollen germination rates above 80% and pollen tube lengths of hundreds of microns, with both Columbia and Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotypes. We found that pollen germination and tube growth were dependent on pollen density in both liquid and solid medium. Pollen germination rates were not substantially affected by flower or plant age. The quartet1 mutation negatively affected pollen germination, especially in the Ler ecotype. This protocol will facilitate functional analyses of insertional mutants affecting male gametophyte function, and should allow detailed gene expression analyses during pollen tube growth. Arabidopsis thaliana can now be included on the list of plant species that are suitable models for physiological studies of pollen tube elongation and tip growth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu RI Boavida, Leonor/A-5722-2011 OI Boavida, Leonor/0000-0001-6555-0685 NR 59 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 7 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 570 EP 582 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03248.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 222LN UT WOS:000250298600015 PM 17764500 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Hoekenga, OA Itoh, H Nakashima, M Saito, S Shaff, JE Maron, LG Pineros, MA Kochian, LV Koyama, H AF Kobayashi, Yuriko Hoekenga, Owen A. Itoh, Hirotaka Nakashima, Midori Saito, Shoichiro Shaff, Jon E. Maron, Lyza G. Pineros, Miguel A. Kochian, Leon V. Koyama, Hiroyuki TI Characterization of AtALMT1 expression in aluminum-inducible malate release and its role for rhizotoxic stress tolerance in arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACID METABOLISM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; LANDSBERG ERECTA; GENE-EXPRESSION; CITRIC-ACID; ALMT1 GENE; THALIANA AB Malate transporters play a critical role in aluminum (Al) tolerance responses for some plant species, such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we further characterize AtALMT1, an Arabidopsis aluminum-activated malate transporter, to clarify its specific role in malate release and Al stress responses. Malate excretion from the roots of accession Columbia was sharply induced by Al, which is concomitant with the induction of AtALMT1 gene expression. The malate release was specific for Al among rhizotoxic stressors, namely cadmium, copper, erbium, lanthanum, sodium, and low pH, which accounts for the specific sensitivity of a null mutant to Al stress. Al-specific malate excretion can be explained by a combined regulation of AtALMT1 expression and activation of AtALMT1 protein, which is specific for Al. Although low pH treatment slightly induced gene expression, other treatments did not. In addition, malate excretion in Al-activated seedlings was rapidly stopped by removing Al from the solution. Other rhizotoxic stressors were not effective in maintaining malate release. Protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitor studies indicated that reversible phosphorylation was important for the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of AtALMT1. AtALMT1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusion lines revealed that AtALMT1 has restricted expression within the root, such that unnecessary carbon loss is likely minimized. Lastly, a natural nonsense mutation allele of AtALMT1 was identified from the Al-hypersensitive natural accession Warschau-1. C1 Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Lab Plant Cell Technol, Gifu 5011193, Japan. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Koyama, H (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Lab Plant Cell Technol, Gifu 5011193, Japan. EM koyama@gifu-u.ac.jp RI Kobayashi, Yuki/F-2844-2014; Maron, Lyza/B-5644-2008; OI Kobayashi, Yuki/0000-0001-6200-964X; Maron, Lyza/0000-0001-6475-2357; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Koyama, Hiroyuki/0000-0001-7139-9782; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 54 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1104/pp.107.102335 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 228FK UT WOS:000250712800023 PM 17885092 ER PT J AU Korenkov, V Hirschi, K Crutchfield, JD Wagner, GJ AF Korenkov, Victor Hirschi, Kendal Crutchfield, James D. Wagner, George J. TI Enhancing tonoplast Cd/H antiport activity increases Cd, Zn, and Mn tolerance, and impacts root/shoot Cd partitioning in Nicotiana tabacum L. SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE metal tolerance; metal toxicity; CAX; antiporter; membrane leakage; proton pump ID HEAVY-METAL HYPERACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; DIVERSE FUNCTIONS; CADMIUM; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; ATPASE; TOBACCO; TRANSPORTERS AB Sequestration mechanisms that prevent high concentrations of free metal ions from persisting in metabolically active compartments of cells are thought to be central in tolerance of plants to high levels of divalent cation metals. Expression of AtCAX2 or AtCAX4, which encode divalent cation/proton antiporters, in Nicotiana tabacum cv. KY14 results in enhanced Cd- and Zn-selective transport into root tonoplast vesicles, and enhanced Cd accumulation in roots of plants exposed to moderate, 0.02 mu M Cd in solution culture (Korenkov et al. in Planta 225:403-411, 2007). Here we investigated effects of expressing AtCAX2 and AtCAX4 in the same lines on tolerance to growth with near-incipient toxicity levels of Cd, Zn and Mn. Less growth inhibition (higher tolerance) to all three metals was observed in 35S::AtCAX2 and FS3::AtCAX4 expressing plants. Consistent with the tolerance observed for Cd was the finding that while root tonoplast vesicle proton pump activities of control and FS3AtCAX4 expressing plants grown in 3 mu M Cd were similarly reduced, and vesicle proton leak was enhanced, root tonoplast vesicle antiporter activity of these plants remained elevated above that in controls. We suggest that CAX antiporters, unlike tonoplast proton pump and membrane integrity, are not negatively impacted by high Cd, and that supplementation of tonoplast with AtCAX compensates somewhat for reduced tonoplast proton pump and proton leak, and thereby results in sufficient vacuolar Cd sequestration to provide higher tolerance. Results are consistent with the view that CAX2 and CAX4 antiporters of tonoplast play a role in tolerance to high, toxic levels of Cd, Zn, and Mn in tobacco. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Res Serv,Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wagner, GJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM gwagner@uky.edu FU PHS HHS [0344350] NR 36 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2007 VL 226 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1387 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0577-0 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 219XO UT WOS:000250121700004 PM 17636324 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Overall, CC Alkharouf, NW MacDonald, MH Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. Overall, Christopher C. Alkharouf, Nadim W. MacDonald, Margaret H. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and comparative microarray expression analysis of syncytial cells isolated from incompatible and compatible soybean (Glycine max) roots infected by the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE soybean; Glycine max; soybean cyst nematode; SCN; Heterodera glycines; microarray; gene expression; plant pathogen; parasite; affymetrix (R); laser capture microdissection ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BINDING-PROTEINS; PLANT-CELLS; RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; TOMATO; RESPONSES AB Syncytial cells in soybean (Glycine max cultivar [cv.] Peking) roots infected by incompatible and compatible populations of soybean cyst nematode (SCN [Heterodera glycines]) were collected using laser capture microdissection (LCM). Gene transcript abundance was assayed using Affymetrix((R)) soybean GeneChips((R)), each containing 37,744 probe sets. Our analyses identified differentially expressed genes in syncytial cells that are not differentially expressed in the whole root analyses. Therefore, our results show that the mass of transcriptional activity occurring in the whole root is obscuring identification of transcriptional events occurring within syncytial cells. In syncytial cells from incompatible roots at three dpi, genes encoding lipoxygenase (LOX), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) were elevated almost tenfold or more, while genes encoding several transcription factors and DNA binding proteins were also elevated, albeit at lower levels. In syncytial cells formed during the compatible interaction at three dpi, genes encoding prohibitin, the epsilon chain of ATP synthase, allene oxide cyclase and annexin were more abundant. By 8 days, several genes of unknown function and genes encoding a germin-like protein, peroxidase, LOX, GAPDH, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptolosonate 7-phosphate synthase, ATP synthase and a thioesterase were abundantly expressed. These observations suggest that gene expression is different in syncytial cells as compared to whole roots infected with nematodes. Our observations also show that gene expression is different between syncytial cells that were isolated from incompatible and compatible roots and that gene expression is changing over the course of syncytial cell development as it matures into a functional feeding site. C1 USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Towson Univ, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006 Rm 118,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heartwood27@hotmail.com; matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Overall, Christopher/0000-0001-6404-5521 NR 79 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2007 VL 226 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1409 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0578-z PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 219XO UT WOS:000250121700005 PM 17668236 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Overall, CC Alkharouf, NW MacDonald, MH Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. Overall, Christopher C. Alkharouf, Nadim W. MacDonald, Margaret H. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI A time-course comparative microarray analysis of an incompatible and compatible response by Glycine max (soybean) to Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) infection SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE soybean; Glycine max; soybean cyst nematode (SCN); Heterodera glycines; microarray; gene expression; plant pathogen; parasite; affymetrix (R); microarray ID NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; LATERAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DIRIGENT PROTEINS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; CELL-DEATH; RESISTANCE; DEFENSE AB The development of an infection in soybean [Glycine max L. cultivar (cv.) Peking] roots by incompatible (I) and compatible (C) populations of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines) was assayed using an Affymetrix((R)) soybean GeneChip((R)). This time-course microarray analysis, using 37,744 probe sets, measured transcript abundance during I and C. These analyses reveal that infection by individual I and C H. glycines populations influence the transcription of G. max genes differently. A substantial difference in gene expression is present between I and C at 12 h post infection. Thus, G. max can differentiate between I and C nematode populations even before they have begun to select their feeding sites. The microarray analysis identified genes induced earlier in infection during I than C. MA also identified amplitude differences in transcript abundance between I and C reactions. Some of the probe sets measuring increased transcript levels during I represented no apical meristem (NAM) and WRKY transcription factors as well as NBS-LRR kinases. Later during I, heat shock protein (HSPs) probe sets (i.e. HSP90, HSP70, ClpB/HSP101) measured increased transcript abundance. These results demonstrate that G. max roots respond very differently to the different H. glycines races even before their feeding site selection has occurred. The ability of G. max to engage an I reaction, thus, appears to be dependent on the ability of root cells to recognize the different races of H. glycines because these experiments were conducted in the identical G. max genetic background. C1 USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Comp Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Towson Univ, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heartwood27@hotmail.com OI Overall, Christopher/0000-0001-6404-5521 NR 90 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2007 VL 226 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1447 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0581-4 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 219XO UT WOS:000250121700007 PM 17653570 ER PT J AU Fu, H Yadav, MP Nothnagel, EA AF Fu, Hu Yadav, Madhav P. Nothnagel, Eugene A. TI Physcomitrella patens arabinogalactan proteins contain abundant terminal 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnosyl residues not found in angiosperms SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE AGPs; arabinogalactan proteins; cell wall; evolution; 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnose; Physcomitrella ID CELL WALL COMPOSITION; BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; ROSE CELLS; CARBOHYDRATE-COMPOSITION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; POLYSACCHARIDE; BRYOPHYTES; PLANTS; 3-O-METHYLRHAMNOSE; PTERIDOPHYTES AB A biochemical investigation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in Physcomitrella patens was undertaken with particular emphasis on the glycan chains. Following homogenization and differential centrifugation of moss gametophytes, AGPs were obtained by Yariv phenylglycoside-induced precipitation from the soluble, microsomal membrane, and cell wall fractions. Crossed-electrophoresis indicated that each of these three AGP fractions was a mixture of several AGPs. The soluble AGP fraction was selected for further separation by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. The latter indicated molecular masses of similar to 100 and 224 kDa for the two major soluble AGP subfractions. The AGPs in both of these subfractions contained the abundant (1,3,6)-linked galactopyranosyl residues, terminal arabinofuranosyl residues, and (1,4)-linked glucuronopyranosyl residues that are typical of many angiosperm AGPs. Unexpectedly, however, the moss AGP glycan chains contained about 15 mol% terminal 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnosyl residues, which have not been found in angiosperm AGPs. This unusual and relatively nonpolar sugar, also called L-acofriose, is likely to have considerable effects on the overall polarity of Physcomitrella AGPs. A review of the literature indicates that the capacity to synthesize polymers containing 3-O-methyl-L-rhamnosyl residues is present in a variety of bacteria, algae and lower land plants but became less common through evolution to the extent that this sugar has been found in only a few species of angiosperms where it occurs as a single residue on steroidal glycosides. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Nothnagel, EA (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM fuh02@student.ucr.edu; madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov; eugene.nothnagel@ucr.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2007 VL 226 IS 6 BP 1511 EP 1524 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0587-y PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 219XO UT WOS:000250121700013 PM 17653569 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Caporale, M Varela, M Biek, R Chessa, B Alberti, A Golder, M Mura, M Zhang, YP Yu, L Pereira, F DeMartini, JC Leymaster, K Spencer, TE Palmarini, M AF Arnaud, Frederick Caporale, Marco Varela, Mariana Biek, Roman Chessa, Bernardo Alberti, Alberto Golder, Matthew Mura, Manuela Zhang, Ya-ping Yu, Li Pereira, Filipe DeMartini, James C. Leymaster, Kreg Spencer, Thomas E. Palmarini, Massimo TI A paradigm for virus-host coevolution: Sequential counter-adaptations between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID JAAGSIEKTE SHEEP RETROVIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; CONTAGIOUS LUNG-CANCER; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; IN-VIVO; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; RODENT FIBROBLASTS; PRIMATE EVOLUTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OVINE UTERUS AB Endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. It is hypothesized that some ERVs are used by the host as restriction factors to block the infection of pathogenic retroviruses. Indeed, some ERVs efficiently interfere with the replication of related exogenous retroviruses. However, data suggesting that these mechanisms have influenced the coevolution of endogenous and/or exogenous retroviruses and their hosts have been more difficult to obtain. Sheep are an interesting model system to study retrovirus-host coevolution because of the coexistence in this animal species of two exogenous (i.e., horizontally transmitted) oncogenic retroviruses, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and Enzootic nasal tumor virus, with highly related and biologically active endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs). Here, we isolated and characterized the evolutionary history and molecular virology of 27 enJSRV proviruses. enJSRVs have been integrating in the host genome for the last 5-7 million y. Two enJSRV proviruses (enJS56A1 and enJSRV-20), which entered the host genome within the last 3 million y ( before and during speciation within the genus Ovis), acquired in two temporally distinct events a defective Gag polyprotein resulting in a transdominant phenotype able to block late replication steps of related exogenous retroviruses. Both transdominant proviruses became fixed in the host genome before or around sheep domestication (; 9,000 y ago). Interestingly, a provirus escaping the transdominant enJSRVs has emerged very recently, most likely within the last 200 y. Thus, we determined sequentially distinct events during evolution that are indicative of an evolutionary antagonism between endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. This study strongly suggests that endogenization and selection of ERVs acting as restriction factors is a mechanism used by the host to fight retroviral infections. C1 Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet, Inst Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Patol & Clin Vet, Sez Malattie Infett, Sassari, Italy. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resources, Kunming, Peoples R China. Yunnan Univ, Lab Conservat & Utilizat Bioresources, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. Univ Porto, Inst Patol & Imunol Mol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Anim Biotechnol & Genom, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Palmarini, M (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet, Inst Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM m.palmarini@vet.gla.ac.uk RI Pereira, Filipe/F-6391-2010; Palmarini, Massimo/H-5982-2011; Caporale, Marco/A-6153-2011; OI Pereira, Filipe/0000-0001-8950-1036; Caporale, Marco/0000-0002-4087-4971; Alberti, Alberto/0000-0002-1708-9473; Biek, Roman/0000-0003-3471-5357; Spencer, Thomas/0000-0003-2815-766X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA95706, R01 CA095706]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD052745, R01 HD052745]; Wellcome Trust NR 83 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1716 EP 1729 AR e170 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030170 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 236NS UT WOS:000251310300016 PM 17997604 ER PT J AU Wang, D Sun, G Chiou, BS Hinestroza, JP AF Wang, Dong Sun, Gang Chiou, Bor-Sen Hinestroza, Juan P. TI Controllable fabrication and properties of polypropylene nanofibers SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; FIBERS; MELT; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; TISSUE AB Thermoplastic nanofibers in yarn form were prepared by melt extrusion of immiscible blends of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and thermoplastic polymers and subsequent removal of the CAB matrix. Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanofiber, with diameters ranging from 75 to 375 nm, were made by using CAB/iPP blends, with a ratio of 97.5-2.5, and a hot-drawn ratio of 25 in a twin-screw extruder. Dispersion of iPP in CAB and shear and elongational deformation are major factors to result in nanosized fibers. The spheres and nanofibers with different diameters of iPP dispersed phases in the CAB matrix can be well controlled by changing the flow field and the blend ratio. Differential scanning calorimeter and wide angle X-ray diffraction results showed that the nanofibers had lower crystallinity and crystallite thickness compared with bulk iPP. The atomic force microscopy images presented the well-defined nanofiber morphology and the excellent manipulability of single iPP nanofiber separated from a bundle of iPP nanofibers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Fiber & Polymer Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cornell Univ, Fibre & Polymer Sci Program, Dept Text & Apparel Design, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Fiber & Polymer Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu RI Hinestroza, Juan/A-4579-2009 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1865 EP 1872 DI 10.1002/pen.20896 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 225BO UT WOS:000250492300018 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Wood, D Yee, E Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Wood, Delilah Yee, Emma Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Extruded Starch-Nanoclay nanocomposites: Effects of glycerol and nanoclay concentration SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GREEN NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMOPLASTIC STARCH; BARRIER PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; CLAY; WATER; PLASTICIZER; ORGANOCLAY AB Wheat starch-Cloisite Na+ nanoclay composites containing different glycerol and nanoclay concentrations were extruded using a twin-screw extruder. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the extent of nanoclay dispersion and thermogravimetric analysis was used to characterize thermal stability of composites. Also, water absorbance was measured for each sample. The extent of nanoclay dispersion in samples containing 47 wt% total plasticizer concentration depended on glycerol concentration. For these samples, adding 5 wt% glycerol produced mostly exfoliated nanoclay, whereas adding 10 or 15 wt% glycerol produced intercalated nanoclay. Also, nanoclay composites exhibited improved thermal stability and reduced water uptake compared to samples with no nanoclay. However, thermal stability and water absorbance were not affected by the extent of nanoclay dispersion. C1 USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.1002/pen.20903 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 225BO UT WOS:000250492300022 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR AF Rath, N. C. Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. TI Thiram-induced changes in the expression of genes relating to vascularization and tibial Dyschondroplasia(1) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tibial dyschondroplasia; thiram; angiogenesis; gene expression ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ENDOCHONDRAL BONE-FORMATION; FACTOR VEGF; CARTILAGE; CHICKENS; ANGIOGENESIS; EFFICACY; PLATE; CHONDROCYTES; TUMORS AB Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), a major metabolic cartilage disease in poultry, is characterized by the distension of proximal growth plates of tibia that fail to form bone, lack blood vessels, and contain nonviable cells. Thiram, a carbamate pesticide, when fed to young broiler chicks induces TD with high regularity and precision. We used this experimental model to understand the cause of the defects associated with TD by determining the expression of selective candidate genes associated with vascularization and cell survival. Week-old broiler chickens were fed 100 ppm thiram for 48 h between d 8 and 10 posthatch and the expression of the genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), and an antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2) were determined in the growth plate cartilage at 48 and 166 h after feeding thiram. Reverse transcription PCR and capillary electrophoresis were used to determine the expression of these genes relative to the 18S gene as an internal standard. There was an increase in the expression of the VEGF gene by thiram at 48 h, which remained elevated above the control level at 166 h. A suppression of genes encoding both VEGF receptors and Bcl-2 was evident at 48 h in thiram-fed chickens when there was no visible distension of growth plate indicative of TD. At 166 h, however, there was a significant distension of growth plates in thiram-treated birds, with a high percentage of cells derived from these tissues exhibiting characteristics of dead cells. Although the expressions of VEGF receptors were low at 166 h in thiram-treated birds, they were not statistically different from controls; the Bcl-2 gene expression, however, remained significantly downregulated in those birds. It appears that some of the early effects of thiram on the growth plate may be the failure of genes encoding VEGF receptors and Bcl-2 resulting from endothelial cell death, which compromise vascularization, cartilage remodeling, and the removal of dead chondrocytes leading to TD lesions. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM nrath@uark.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2390 EP 2395 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00219 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 224HF UT WOS:000250437400016 PM 17954590 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Savage, EM AF Zhuang, H. Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. Savage, E. M. TI Dielectric properties of uncooked chicken breast muscles from ten to one thousand eight hundred Megahertz(1) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; deboning time; pectoralis; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor ID FISH QUALITY; POULTRY MEAT; TENDERNESS; WATER; POSTMORTEM; PRODUCTS; COLOR; BEEF; PH AB The dielectric properties, consisting of the dielectric constant (epsilon') and loss factor (epsilon ''), were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and impedance analyzer for uncooked broiler breast muscle pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, deboned at 2- and 24-h postmortem, over the frequency range from 10 to 1,800 MHz at temperatures ranging from 5 to 85 degrees C. The dielectric property profiles of chicken breast muscle are dependent upon the radio-wave and microwave frequencies and temperature. Increasing frequency from 10 to 1,800 MHz results in decreasing values of the dielectric constant and loss factor regardless of temperature in this range, chicken breast muscle type, or deboning time. However, the response to temperature varies with the frequency, muscle type, and deboning time. There are no differences in the dielectric constant and loss factor values at frequencies of 26 or 1,800 MHz between samples deboned at 2- and at 24-h postmortem. However, the muscle type significantly affects the average values of the dielectric constant and loss factor, with pectoralis minor having significantly higher average values. Both the deboning time and muscle type significantly affect the average values of the loss tangent (tan delta = dielectric loss factor/dielectric constant) at 26 and 1,800 MHz, with pectoralis minor having higher values than pectoralis major and 2-h samples having higher values than 24-h samples. Our quality measurements also show there are significant differences in chicken meat quality characteristics, including color, pH, drip loss, water holding capacity, and texture (Warner-Bratzler shear force value) between the different muscle types and between different deboning times in the same test. These results suggest that there is a probable potential for using dielectric property measurements to assess the quality of chicken meat. C1 USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), USDA, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hzhuang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2433 EP 2440 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00434 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 224HF UT WOS:000250437400021 PM 17954595 ER PT J AU Chao, K Yang, CC Chen, YR Kim, MS Chan, DE AF Chao, K. Yang, C. C. Chen, Y. R. Kim, M. S. Chan, D. E. TI Hyperspectral-multispectral line-scan Imaging system for automated poultry carcass inspection applications for food Safety(1) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE automation; broiler; chicken paw; food safety; spectral imaging ID CHICKEN MEATS; IDENTIFICATION; WHOLESOME AB A hyperspectral-multispectral line-scan imaging system was developed for differentiation of wholesome and systemically diseased chickens. In-plant testing was conducted for chickens on a commercial evisceration line moving at a speed of 70 birds per minute. Hyperspectral image data was acquired for a calibration data set of 543 wholesome and 64 systemically diseased birds and for a testing data set of 381 wholesome and 100 systemically diseased birds. The calibration data set was used to develop the parameters of the imaging system for conducting multispectral inspection based on fuzzy logic detection algorithms using selected key wavelengths. Using a threshold of 0.4 for fuzzy output decision values, multispectral classification was able to achieve 90.6% accuracy for wholesome birds and 93.8% accuracy for systemically diseased birds in the calibration data set and 97.6% accuracy for wholesome birds and 96.0% accuracy for systemically diseased birds in the testing data set. By adjusting the classification threshold, 100% accuracy was achieved for systemically diseased birds with a decrease in accuracy for wholesome birds to 88.7%. This adjustment shows that the system can be feasibly adapted as needed for implementation for specific purposes, such as paw harvesting operations or prescreening for food safety inspection. This line-scan imaging system is ideal for directly implementing multispectral classification methods developed from hyperspectral image analysis. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2450 EP 2460 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00467 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 224HF UT WOS:000250437400023 PM 17954597 ER PT J AU Padliya, ND Garrett, WM Campbell, KB Tabb, DL Cooper, B AF Padliya, Neerav D. Garrett, Wesley M. Campbell, Kimberly B. Tabb, David L. Cooper, Bret TI Tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of plant pathogenic fungi and the effects of database composition on protein inferences SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE pathogen detection; plant pathology; protein biomarker; protein identification ID SHOTGUN PROTEOMIC DATA; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; SEARCH ALGORITHMS; YEAST PROTEOME; PEPTIDE; QUALITY; MS/MS; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL AB LC-MS/MS has demonstrated potential for detecting plant pathogens. Unlike PCR or ELISA, LC-MS/MS does not require pathogen-specific reagents for the detection of pathogen-specific proteins and peptides. However, the MS/MS approach we and others have explored does require a protein sequence reference database and database-search software to interpret tandem mass spectra. To evaluate the limitations of database composition on pathogen identification, we analyzed proteins from cultured Ustilago maydis, Phytophthora sojae, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani by LC-MS/MS. When the search database did not contain sequences for a target pathogen, or contained sequences to related pathogens, target pathogen spectra were reliably matched to protein sequences from nontarget organisms, giving an illusion that proteins from nontarget organisms were identified. our analysis demonstrates that when database-search software is used as part of the identification process, a paradox exists whereby additional sequences needed to detect a wide variety of possible organisms may lead to more cross-species protein matches and misidentification of pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006,Rm 213,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bret.cooper@ars.usda.gov OI Tabb, David/0000-0001-7223-578X FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R01 CA126218-01, R01 CA126218, R01 CA126218-02]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000267, P30 ES000267-40] NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 21 BP 3932 EP 3942 DI 10.1002/pmic.200700419 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 232KA UT WOS:000251016800010 PM 17922518 ER PT J AU Roundy, BA Hardegree, SP Chambers, JC Whittaker, A AF Roundy, Bruce A. Hardegree, Stuart P. Chambers, Jeanne C. Whittaker, Alison TI Prediction of cheatgrass field germination potential using wet thermal accumulation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE big sagebrush; disturbance; fire; Great Basin; heat accumulation; soil temperature; soil water; thermal-germination models; weed invasion ID BROMUS-TECTORUM L; HYDROTHERMAL TIME MODEL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; SEED-GERMINATION; GRASS SEEDS; DOWNY BROME; SOIL-WATER; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE AB Invasion and dominance of weedy species is facilitated or constrained by environmental and ecological factors that affect resource availability during critical life stages. We compared the relative effects of season, annual weather, site, and disturbance on potential cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) germination in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) communities. Soil water status and temperature in the seedbed were measured continuously for 4 years on 9 big sagebrush sites in Nevada and Utah. Field plots at lower-, middle-, and upper-elevation sites were either undisturbed, or were burned, sprayed with herbicide, or both sprayed and burned. Spraying removed perennial herbaceous vegetation, whereas burning removed sagebrush. We used thermal-germination data from laboratory incubation studies of 18 cheatgrass seedlots and field soil moisture and temperature measurements to model and predict potential germination in the field plots for periods when seedbeds were continuously wet (above -0.5, -1, or -1.5 MPa) and across intermittent wet and dry periods. Season had the greatest effect on potential cheargrass germination, followed by annual weather, and site variables (elevation and location); the effects of disturbance were minimal. Potential germination was predicted for most sites and years in spring, a majority of sites and years in fall, and few sites or years in winter. Even though disturbance has limited effects on potential germination, it can increase cheatgrass invasion and dominance by reducing perennial herbaceous species resource use and allowing increased cheatgrass growth and reproduction. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife & Wildlands Conservat Program, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ephraim, UT 84627 USA. RP Roundy, BA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife & Wildlands Conservat Program, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_roundy@byu.edu NR 53 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.2111/05-206R3.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233MF UT WOS:000251094300008 ER PT J AU Law, DJ Kolb, PF AF Law, Darin J. Kolb, Peter F. TI The effects of forest residual debris disposal on perennial grass emergence, growth, and survival in a ponderosa pine ecotone SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; open savanna ecosystem; restoration; seedbed; woody debris disposal ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WATER RELATIONS; SOIL; COMPETITION; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; MOISTURE; LITTER; GERMINATION AB Soil surface conditions can have profound effects on plant seedling emergence and subsequent seedling survival. To test the hypothesis that different soil-surface treatments with logging residue affect range grass seedling emergence and survival, 6 alternative forest-residual treatments were established in the summer of 1998 following thinning of mature trees from approximately 500 to 133 trees center dot ha(-1). The treatments included 1) whole logging debris, hand-piled; 2) whole logging-debris piles that were burned; 3) whole logging-debris piles that were chipped; 4) whole logging-debris piles that were chipped and burned; 5) scattered debris followed by a broadcast burn; and 6) zero debris, not burned. The influences of the debris treatments on grass seedling emergence and survival were tested by seeding with native and exotic perennial grass species. Three plots per treatment were seeded with a mix of 4 native grass species, and another 3 plots per treatment were seeded with a mix of 4 exotic grass species. Two plots per treatment were left unseeded. Subsequent grass emergence, growth, and establishment were measured as seedling emergence, cover, density, height, and biomass for 3 growing seasons. Grass cover, density height, and biomass increased on the burn treatments during the study. Less-significant results were obtained for the nonburned woody-debris treatments. In addition, important abiotic factors, such as soil moisture and soil surface temperature, were not adversely affected by the woody debris disposal practices tested in this study. Results indicate that scattered woody debris that is broadcast burned is the best mechanism for disposing of woody debris, increasing grass emergence and survival, and preventing ponderosa pine recruitment and exotic invasion. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. Montana State Univ, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Law, DJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM djlaw@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 632 EP 643 DI 10.2111/06-034R4.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233MF UT WOS:000251094300010 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Chambers, J Roundy, B Whittaker, A AF Blank, R. R. Chambers, J. Roundy, B. Whittaker, A. TI Nutrient availability in rangeland soils: Influence of prescribed burning, herbaceous vegetation removal, overseeding with Bromus tectorum, season, and elevation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient availability; resin capsules; rangeland soils ID ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL VARIATION; PHOSPHORUS; FIRE; PATTERNS; INVASIBILITY; GRASSLAND; SAGEBRUSH AB Soil nutrient availability influences plant invasions. Resin capsules were used to examine soil nutrient bioavailability along 2 sage brush-grassland elevation transects in the east Tintic Range (Utah) and Shoshone Range (Nevada). In the fall of 2001, treatments were applied to 3 replicate plots at each site, which included prescribed burning, herbaceous vegetation removal, and controls. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) was overseeded in small subplots within each treatment. Following treatments in each plot, resin capsules were installed at 15-cm depth in a shrub interspace and a B. tectorum-overseeded area. Nutrient availability was integrated during late fall to spring and spring to late fall for 2 years. Herbaceous vegetation removal increased availability of nitrate (Nevada and Utah) and Ca and Mg (Nevada only) but only during the second sampling period (growing season). Availability of K and ortho-P (Nevada and Utah) and nitrate (Nevada only) was greater on prescribed burned plots. For Utah, availability of ortho-P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe generally increased with increasing elevation. Availability of Ca, Mg, K, and Fe was greatest during late fall to spring integration periods for Nevada. Overseeding with B. tectorum interacted with the burn treatment to influence availability of Ca, Mg, and Fe (Nevada sites only). Patterns of nutrient availability can be explained by a combination of decreased root uptake in relation to mineralization, differences in soil water content with season and elevation, and nutrient release from vegetation and soil as a consequence of prescribed burning. Herbaceous vegetation removal and burning can raise nitrate availability and increase risk of invasion by nitrophilic species such as B. tectorum. Nutrient availability can be out of phase with plant growth; plants capable of taking up nutrients during cold periods may have a competitive advantage. Resin capsules have utility in quantifying the effects of treatments on the availability of many soil nutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Div Wildlife Resources, Ephraim, UT 84627 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.2111/06-120R2.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233MF UT WOS:000251094300011 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Blackburn, WH Van Vactor, SS AF Pierson, Frederick B. Blackburn, Wilbert H. Van Vactor, Steven S. TI Hydrologic impacts of mechanical seeding treatments on sagebrush rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; disk-chain; erosion; hydrology; infiltration; rangeland drill ID INFILTRATION RATES; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE; RUNOFF; IDAHO; USA AB In and around the Great Basin, United States, restoration of shrub steppe vegetation is needed where rangelands are transitioning to annual grasslands. Mechanical seedbed preparation can aid native species recovery by reducing annual grass competition. This study was designed to investigate the nature and persistence of hydrologic and erosion impacts caused by different mechanical rangeland seeding treatments and to identify interactions between such impacts and related soil and vegetation properties. A cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.)-dominated site was burned and seeded with native grasses and shrubs in the fall of the year. An Amazon-drill and a disk-chain seeder were used to provide varying levels of surface soil disturbance. An undisturbed broadcast seeding was used as a control. Simulated rainfall was applied to 6 large (32.5-m(2)) plots per treatment over 3 growing seasons at a rate of 63.5 mm center dot h(-1). Rainfall was applied for 60 minutes under dry antecedent moisture conditions and for 30 minutes, 24 hours later under wet antecedent moisture conditions. The disk-chain created the largest reduction in infiltration and increase in sediment yield, which lasted for 3 growing seasons posttreatment. The Amazon-drill had a lesser impact, which was insignificant after the second growing season posttreatment. Surface soil properties showed little correlation with treatment-induced hydrologic and erosion impacts. Hydrologic recovery was strongly correlated with litter dynamics. The seeding treatments were unsuccessful at establishing seeded plant species, and the site once again became dominated by cheatgrass. A continuous upward trend in biomass production and surface litter cover was observed for all treatments between the beginning and end of the study because of cheatgrass invasion. Although the initial goal of using mechanical seeding treatments to enhance recovery of native grass species failed, cheatgrass production provided sufficient biomass to rapidly replenish surface litter cover necessary for rapid hydrologic stability of the site. C1 USDA ARS, NE Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA, ARS, No Plains Area, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. USDA ARS, NE Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NE Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 60 IS 6 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.2111/07-013R1.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233MF UT WOS:000251094300013 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Villegas, P Estevez, C Alvarado, I Purvis, L AF Perozo, Francisco Villegas, Pedro Estevez, Carlos Alvarado, Ivan Purvis, Linda TI A recombinant avian adeno-associated virus as a vector for infectious bursal disease vaccination SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA English DT Article DE avian adeno-associated virus; vaccination; immune response; infectious bursa disease ID PROTECTION; GENERATION; PARTICLES; VP2; CHALLENGE; CLONING; IBDV AB Infectious bursal disease is a worldwide distributed immunosuppressive disease of young chickens that need to be controlled by vaccination; it represents one of the main concerns for the poultry industry. The adeno-associated viruses are non-pathogenic viruses, capable of accommodating relatively long pieces of DNA, and of infecting a wide variety of cell types. A member of this family, the avian adeno-associated virus has been fully characterized and successfully used for gene delivery in chicken embryo tissues and cells. In this study, it was demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunocitochemistry the feasibility of generating recombinant avian adeno-associated virus (rAAAV) virions expressing the immunogenic viral protein 2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Serological evidence of VP2 protein expression measured as IBDV specific antibody response after in ovo or intramuscular inoculation of the recombinant virus in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens was observed. The use of rAAAV virions for gene delivery in poultry is a promising approach to poultry vaccination. C1 [Perozo, Francisco; Villegas, Pedro; Alvarado, Ivan; Purvis, Linda] Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Estevez, Carlos] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Perozo, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fperozo@latinmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 572 EP 576 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 245HN UT WOS:000251925800004 ER PT J AU Ngwa, AT Dawson, LJ Puchala, R Detweiler, G Merkel, RC Tovar-Luna, I Sahlu, T Ferrell, CL Goetsch, AL AF Ngwa, A. T. Dawson, L. J. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Merkel, R. C. Tovar-Luna, I. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. L. Goetsch, A. L. TI Effect of initial body condition of Boer x Spanish yearling goat wethers and level of nutrient intake on body composition SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; body composition; energy ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; TISSUE ACCRETION; CONSUMING DIETS; AD-LIBITUM; ENERGY USE; GROWTH; LAMBS; SHEEP; REQUIREMENTS AB Yearling Boer x Spanish goat wethers were used to assess effects of initial body condition and subsequent level of feed intake on body composition. Before the experiment, 21 wethers were fed to achieve high body condition score (BCS; 1 to 5, with 1 = extremely thin and 5 = extremely fat) and BW (initially fat; I-F) and 21 were fed for low BCS and BW (initially thin; I-T). During the experiment, I-F wethers were fed low amounts of a pelletized diet and I-T wethers received high amounts. Harvest measures were determined before the experiment (week 0) and after 12 and 24 weeks, with seven animals per initial body condition and time. BCS in Experiment 1 was 3.8, 3.2, 2.6, 1.9, 2.8, and 3.5 (S.E. = 0.11) and live BW was 53.3, 46.2, 42.4, 36.6, 40.1, and 48.2 kg (S.E. = 2.03) for I-F:week 0, I-F:week 12, I-F:week 24, I-T:week 0, I-T:week 1, and I-T:week 2, respectively. There were substantial declines in mass of many internal organs with advancing time for I-Fcompared with relatively small change for I-T. Examples include the reticulo-rumen (1.03, 0.59,0.52,0.87,0.78, and 0.73 kg; S.E. = 0.041), small intestine (0.59,0.27,0.23,0.55,0.33, and 0.36 kg; S.E. = 0.021), large intestine (0.40, 0.24, 0.24, 0.33, 0.33, and 0.26 kg; S.E. = 0.017), and liver (0.86, 0.45, 0.42, 0.56, 0.60, and 0.67 kg for I-F:week 0, I-F:week 12, I-F:week 24, I-T:week 0, I-T:week 12, and I-T:week 24, respectively; S.E. = 0.031). Conversely, change in internal or non-carcass fat mass was much greater for I-T versus I-F (5.7, 3.9, 2.8, 0.6, 2.5, and 5.1 kg for I-F-week 0, I-F-week 12, I-F-week 24, I-T-week 0, I-T-week 12, and I-T-week 24, respectively; S.E. = 0.33). Changes in carcass mass of protein (-5.9, -5.3, 7.0, and 5.8 g/day; S.E. = 0.89) and fat (-1.9, 0.2, 21.4, and 26.6 g/day; S.E. = 2.35) were greater (P < 0.05) for I-T versus I-F, as was also true for noncarcass protein (6.1, 0.0, 14.5, and 6.3 g/day; S.E. = 0.91) and fat (- 16.3, -10.4, 13.6, and 26.3 g/day for I-F:weeks 1-12, I-F:weeks 1-24, I-T:weeks 1- 12, and I-T:weeks 1-24, respectively; S.E. = 2.49). Based on energy concentrations in empty body tissue lost or gained in weeks 1- 12 and 1-24 (14.8,12.1, 19.9, and 26.4 MJ/kg for I-F:weeks 1- 12, I-Rweeks 1-24, I-T:weeks 1-12, and I-T: weeks 1-24, respectively; S.E. = 2.13), the energy concentration in weeks 13-24 was 9.4 and 32.9 MJ/kg for I-F and I-T, respectively. In conclusion, the energy concentration in tissue mobilized or accreted by yearling meat goats within certain body condition ranges may not necessarily be the same and appears influenced by initial animal characteristics and subsequent feeding conditions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Unidad Reg Univ De Zonas Aridas, Bermejillo, Durango, Mexico. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.013 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 218LG UT WOS:000250016400003 ER PT J AU Ngwa, AT Dawson, LJ Puchala, R Detweiler, G Merkel, RC Tovar-Luna, I Sahlu, T Ferrell, CL Goetsch, AL AF Ngwa, A. T. Dawson, L. J. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Merkel, R. C. Tovar-Luna, I. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. L. Goetsch, A. L. TI Urea space and body condition score to predict body composition of meat goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; body composition ID DAIRY-COWS; DILUTION; WEIGHT; CATTLE; INVIVO; VALIDATION; EQUATIONS; RUMEN; EWES AB Yearling Boer x Spanish goat wethers (40) were used to develop and compare body composition prediction equations for mature meat goats based on urea space (US) and body condition score (BCS). Before the experiment, one-half of the animals were managed to have high BW and BCS (1-5, with 1 being extremely thin and 5 very fat) and the others were managed to have low BW and BCS. During the 24-week experiment, initially fat wethers were fed to lose BW and BCS and initially thin wethers were fed to increase BW and BCS. BCS, US, and whole body chemical composition were determined after 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Mean, minimum, and maximum values were 42.1 (S.E. = 1.12), 24.5, and 59.0 kg for shrunk BW; 3.0 (S.E. = 0.11), 1.5, and 4.0 for BCS; 61.3 (S.E. = 1.01), 53.7, and 76.5% for water; 20.2 (S.E. = 1.11), 4.7, and 29.7% for fat; 15.6 (S.E. = 0.19), 13.3, and 18.1% for protein; and 2.9 (S.E. = 0.062), 2.2, and 3.7% for ash, respectively. For water, fat, and ash concentrations and mass, simplest equations explaining greatest variability (with independent variables of US, BCS, and (or) shrunk BW) based on BCS accounted for more variation than ones based on US, although in some cases differences were not large (i.e., water and ash concentrations and mass). Neither US nor BCS explained variability in protein concentration. Equations to predict protein mass based on shrunk BW and US or BCS were nearly identical in R-2 and the root mean square error. A I unit change in BCS corresponded to change in full BW of 8.9 kg (full BW (kg) = 17.902 + (8.9087 x BCS); R-2 = 0.653), fat concentration of 7.54% (%fat = -5.076 + (7.5361 x BCS); R-2 = 0.612), and energy concentration of 3.01 MJ/kg (energy (MJ/kg) = 0.971 + (3.0059 x BCS); R-2 = 0.615). In summary, BCS may be used as or more effectively to predict body composition of meat goats than US. The primary determinant of BCS, within the range of BCS observed in this experiment, was body fat content. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Unidad Reg Univ De Zonas Aridas, Bermejillo, Dgo, Mexico. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.014 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 218LG UT WOS:000250016400004 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, R. E. Fredrickson, E. L. Anderson, D. M. Remmenga, M. D. TI Effects of eugenol, alpha-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, and methyl eugenol on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diet selection; herbivory; intake; sheep Terpenes ID PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES; PREFERENCE; DEER; RUMINANTS; TERPENES AB Many secondary compounds are typically present in unpalatable shrubs on and and semi-arid rangelands. However, the relationship between intake by livestock and concentration of individual chemicals has been examined for very few of these compounds. Four experiments were conducted to examine effects of individual volatile compounds on intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs. Forty-five lambs (9 lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets with eugenol, a-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, or methyl eugenol applied at one of five concentrations. Treatments were multiples (0, 0.5, 1. 2, and 10x) of the concentration (x) of each compound on the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua. Treatment solutions were sprayed on alfalfa pellets (0.64 kg/lamb/d, dry matter basis), and intake was measured during a 20-min interval for five days. A day effect (P < 0.001 for both linear and quadratic contrasts) was detected in all four experiments, but no day x treatment interactions were observed (P > 0.05). No treatment effects were observed (P > 0.05) for any of the chemicals tested; thus, eugenol, alpha-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, and methyl eugenol were not related to intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs under the conditions of this study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.12.008 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 218LG UT WOS:000250016400040 ER PT J AU De La Fuente, L Mavrodi, DV Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF De La Fuente, Leonardo Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Thomashow, Linda S. Weller, David M. TI Utilization of trehalose, benzoate, valerate, and seed and root exudates by genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas; rhizosphere colonization; root exudates; seed exudates; trehalose; benzoate; valerate; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; biological control ID RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; GENE-CLUSTER; PLANT-ROOTS; STRAINS; WHEAT; CHEMOTAXIS; DIVERSITY; Q8R1-96 AB Isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are effective biocontrol agentsagainst soilborne pathogens. A previous study showed that the superior ("premier") root colonizer P. fluorescens Q8r1-96 (genotype D) utilized trehalose, benzoate and valerate as sole carbon sources but average colonizers Q2-87 (genotype B) and 1M1-96 (genotype L) did not. We tested the utilization of these three carbon sources by a collection of 55 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strains from 17 genotypes and found no correlation between a strain's ability to utilize these carbon sources and superior rhizosphere competence on wheat and pea. Of the strains tested, 73%, 48% and 69% were able to utilize trehalose, benzoate and valerate as sole carbon sources, respectively. With some exceptions, we found a correlation between the utilization of these compounds and previous groupings of these strains by BOX-PCR; genotype D strains utilized all three compounds. Twenty-three strains grew efficiently on root and seed exudates from wheat and pea, with doubling times between 0.9 and 1.6 h generation(-1) and lag phases between 5 and 8 h, comparable to growth on glucose as a sole carbon source. Only 10 strains, including those with "premier" (Q8r1-96) and "average" (Q2-87) rhizosphere competence, showed slower growth in wheat root exudates, with lag phases between 16 and 22 h. Results were the same when soil was added to the culture medium. Growth of four strains in media containing glucose or wheat or pea seed exudates as a sole carbon source was not influenced by whether the bacterial cells used as inoculum were harvested from wheat seeds or broth culture. We conclude that the superior ability of some strains to colonize the roots of certain crops cannot be explained by the utilization of the carbon sources tested in our study. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; De La Fuente, Leonardo/A-2012-2013 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2712 EP 2722 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.029 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 211QN UT WOS:000249538500002 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ AF Allred, Barry J. TI Effects of nitrate concentration and ionic strength on nitrate anion exclusion under unsaturated flow conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil nitrate mobility; unsaturated flow; anion exclusion; nitrate concentration; ionic strength ID CLAY SOIL; WATER-FLOW; CHARGE PROPERTIES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CHLORIDE; MOVEMENT; ADSORPTION; COLUMNS; TRANSFORMATIONS; ABSORPTION AB Transient unsaturated horizontal column experiments were conducted with a computer-controlled syringe pump to assess the impacts of nitrate (NO3-) concentration and solution ionic strength on anion exclusion processes that affect NO3- transport through soil. A loam soil was used in all the column experiments. Duplicate tests were conducted with seven different injection solutions applied at the inlets of relatively dry soil columns (initial volumetric water content averaged 0.018). The injection solutions contained either dissolved potassium nitrate (KNO3) alone or a combination of dissolved KNO3 and calcium chloride (KNO3 + CaCl2). These seven solutions allowed for the evaluation of the anion exclusion effects of four different NO3--N concentrations (50, 200, 1000, and 2690 mg L-1) and four different solution ionic strengths (0.0036, 0.0142, 0.0714, and 0.1929M) applied at the column inlet to be evaluated. Soil water content and soil solution NO3--N concentration profiles were compared between tests with different injection solutions to quantify the effects of NO3- concentration and ionic strength on NO3- anion exclusion. Anion exclusion was exhibited in the NO3--N concentration profiles for all experiments carried out in this investigation. Specifically, NO3--N concentrations at the column inlet were 5% to 26% less than the injected NO3--N concentrations, and NO3--N concentrations at the wetting front were greater than injected NO3--N concentrations by factors of 1.1 to 2.6. Considering results from tests conducted with both the KNO3 and KNO3 + CaCl2 injection solutions, it is apparent that ionic strength governs the magnitude of the NO3- anion exclusion effect to a far greater extent than the NO3-N concentration. A strong logarithmic relationship (R-2 ranged from 0.9474 to 0.9850) was found to exist between the injection solution ionic strength and various column inlet or wetting front parameters used to quantify the anion exclusion effect. Consequently, under unsaturated conditions, the anion exclusion process influencing NO3- mobility in the soil profile will be more affected by the valences and amounts of all anions and cations present in the soil solution and not so much by just the NO3- concentration. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Room 234,590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM allred.13@osu.edu NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 172 IS 11 BP 842 EP 860 DI 10.1097/ss.ObO13e31814cee75 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 232LU UT WOS:000251022000002 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Hammer, D Fares, A Seybold, CA Ferguson, R Peaslee, SD AF Elrashidi, M. A. Hammer, D. Fares, A. Seybold, C. A. Ferguson, R. Peaslee, S. D. TI Loss of heavy metals by runoff from agricultural watersheds SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; runoff; agricultural watershed; water quality; NRCS ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; LAND AB The loss of agricultural chemicals in runoff from agricultural land is a major cause of poor surface water quality in the United States. A technique using climatic, hydrologic, and soil survey information was developed to estimate the impact of agricultural watersheds on natural water resources. The objectives of this study were to apply this technique on the Wagon Train watershed to predict loss of eight elements (AI, Fe, Si, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by runoff from soils and to estimate elements loading into Wagon Train reservoir. The predicted losses of Al, Fe, and Si by runoff were 25.3, 13.7, and 28.9 kg ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. The corresponding values for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were much smaller at 0.61, 52.0, 21.3, 1.40, and 37.4 g ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. These data give a total annual loss (from the entire watershed) of 98.3, 53.2, and 112 Mg for Al, Fe, and Si, respectively. The total annual loss was 2.4, 202, 82.7, 5.4, and 147 kg for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The predicted Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations in runoff were in reasonable agreement with the concentrations observed in the main stream in the watershed. However, the predicted concentration for other elements (Al, Fe, Si, Ni, and Zn) investigated in runoff was greater than that observed in the stream water. Elements uptake by algae, weeds, and aquatic plants and/or precipitation due to high pH in water might explain the lower element concentrations. We concluded that the technique could provide an estimation of elements loss in runoff from agricultural watersheds. The loading into surface water bodies could be predicted for Cd, Cu, and Pb. For other elements (Al, Fe, Si, Ni, and Zn), the loading could be estimated when factors affecting element concentration in streams are considered. C1 Natl Soil Survey Ctr, USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Univ Hawaii, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), Natl Soil Survey Ctr, USDA, NRCS, NSSC, 100 Centennial Mall, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustala.elrashidi@lin.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 172 IS 11 BP 876 EP 894 DI 10.1097/ss.ObO13e31814cec7b PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 232LU UT WOS:000251022000004 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Caesar-TonThat, T Lenssen, AW Evans, RG Kolberg, R AF Sainju, Upendra M. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Lenssen, Andrew W. Evans, Robert G. Kolberg, Robert TI Long-term tillage and cropping sequence effects on dryland residue and soil carbon fractions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NO-TILL; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SPRING WHEAT; SYSTEMS; ROTATION; STORAGE; COVER AB Long-term management practices are needed to increase dryland C storage and improve soil quality. We evaluated the 21-yr effects of combinations of tillage and cropping sequences on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) returned to the soil, residue C, and soil C fractions at the 0- to 20-cm depth in a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiborolls) in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000-2004) (FSTW-B/P), and spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Carbon fractions were soil organic C (SOC), soil inorganic C (SIC), particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and potential C mineralization (PCM). Mean crop biomass was 53 to 66% greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-F. Soil surface residue amount and C content in 2004 were 46 to 60% greater in NTCW and FSTCW than in STW-F As a result, soil C fractions at 0 to 20 cm were 23 to 141 % greater in all other treatments than in STW-F due to increased C input. At 0 to 5 cm, SOC, SIC, POC, and PCM were greater in NTCW than in FSTW-B/P. At 5 to 20 cm, POC was greater in NTCW than in FSTW-B/P and PCM was greater in STCW than in FSTCW. Long-term reduced tillage with continuous nonlegume cropping increased dryland crop biomass, residue and soil C storage, and soil quality by increasing microbial biomass and activities compared with a conventional system such as STW-F. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Central Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1730 EP 1739 DI 10.2136/ssaj2006.0433 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100010 ER PT J AU Sarkhot, DV Comerford, NB Jokela, EJ Reeves, JB Harris, WG AF Sarkhot, Deoyani V. Comerford, N. B. Jokela, Eric J. Reeves, James B., III Harris, Willie G. TI Aggregation and aggregate carbon in a forested southeastern coastal plain spodosol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN PINE PLANTATIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; ANNUAL FERTILIZATION; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; COMPETITION CONTROL; MICROBIAL BIOMASS AB Physical protection of C by aggregates and their response to forest management are important components of soil C management. This study was conducted to examine the morphology and strength of aggregates, to quantify C held by aggregates, and to study the effects of forest management intensity on aggregation. Surface horizon soil (0-5- and 5-10-cm, depths) was collected from a 4-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in North Florida under two contrasting management regimes (intensive vs. operational fertilization and chemical weed control, called high- and low-intensity treatments, respectively). Samples were dry sieved into four size classes: 2000 to 250, 250 to 150, 150 to 53, and <53 mu m. Soil aggregates of varying morphology and strength were observed in the three sand size fractions. Aggregate strength, as measured by sonication, varied with size fraction and ranged from approximately 17 J mL(-1) for the least stable macroaggregates in the 2000- to 250-mu m fraction to 113 J mL(-1) for the most stable microaggregates in the 150- to 53-mu m fraction. Aggregate organic matter (AOM) was an important C pool in these soils, accounting for nearly half of the total soil organic matter. The high-intensity management treatment had lower AOM in the 2000- to 250-mu m fraction, probably due to lower biomass input of understory roots caused by chemical understory control. Modification of the sonication technique proved useful for studying different aspects of aggregation and gave indications of an aggregate hierarchy even in these extremely sandy soils. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Comerford, NB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM nbc@ufl.edu OI Sarkhot, Deoyani/0000-0003-1038-4063 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1779 EP 1787 DI 10.2136/ssaj2006.0340 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100015 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Hornberger, GM AF Bolster, Carl H. Hornberger, George M. TI On the use of linearized Langmuir equations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR LEAST-SQUARES; PURPOSE ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; PHOSPHORUS SORPTION CAPACITY; ESTIMATING MICHAELIS-MENTEN; MINNESOTA RIVER-BASIN; REGRESSION-ANALYSES; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; CURVE-FIT; CONSTANTS AB One of the most commonly used models for describing solute sorption to soils is the Langmuir model. Because the Langmuir model is nonlinear, fitting the model to sorption data requires that the model be solved iteratively using an optimization program. To avoid the use of optimization programs, a linearized version of the Langmuir model is often used so that model parameters can be obtained by linear regression. Although the linear and nonlinear Langmuir equations are mathematically equivalent, there are several limitations to using linearized Langmuir equations. We examined the limitations of using linearized Langmuir equations by fitting P sorption data collected on eight different soils with four linearized versions of the Langmuir equation and comparing goodness-of-fit measures and fitted parameter values with those obtained with the nonlinear Langmuir equation. We then fit the sorption data with two modified versions of the Langmuir model and assessed whether the fits were statistically superior to the original Langmuir equation. Our results demonstrate that the use of linearized Langmuir equations needlessly limits the ability to model sorption data with good accuracy. To encourage the testing of additional nonlinear sorption models, we have made available an easily used Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (ars.usda.gov/msa/awmru/ bolster/Sorption_spreadsheets) capable of generating best-fit parameters and their standard errors and confidence intervals, correlations between fitted parameters, and goodness-of-fit measures. The results of our study should promote more critical evaluation of model fits to sorption data and encourage the testing of more sophisticated sorption models. C1 USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1796 EP 1806 DI 10.2136/ssaj2006.0304 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100017 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Chu-Agor, ML Wilson, GV AF Fox, Garey A. Chu-Agor, Ma Librada (Maria) Wilson, Glenn V. TI Erosion of noncohesive sediment by ground water seepage: Lysimeter experiments and stability modeling SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PIPING SAPPING EROSION; SIEVE RIVER; FAILURE; PRESSURE; SOILS; BANK; ERODIBILITY; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; EVENTS AB Seepage may be a significant mechanism of streambank erosion and failure in numerous geographical locations. Previous research investigated erosion by lateral subsurface flow and developed a sediment transport model similar to an excess shear stress equation. As a continuation of this earlier research, slope destabilization driven by lateral, subsurface flow was studied to further verify the recently proposed sediment transport model. Laboratory experiments were performed using a two-dimensional soil lysimeter. The experiments were conducted on two sandy soils: a field soil (loamy sand) and sieved sand with greater sand content and less cohesion. A series of seven lysimeter experiments were performed for the two different sands by varying the bank slope (90, 60, 45, 36, and 26 degrees). Flow and sediment concentrations were measured at the outflow flume. Pencil-size tensiometers were used to measure soil pore-water pressure. A slight modification of the existing seepage sediment transport model adequately simulated lysimeter experiments for both noncohesive soils without modifying the seepage parameters of the excess shear stress equation, especially for bank angles >45 degrees. The research then determined whether integrated finite element and bank stability models were capable of capturing both small- and large-scale sapping failures. The models predicted large-scale failures for bank angles >45 degrees in which tension cracks formed on the bank surface. The models failed to predict collapses for bank angles <45 degrees in which tension cracks formed on the seepage face. The failure to predict collapse was hypothesized to be due to the assumption of circular arc slip surfaces. More analytically complex stability approaches are needed to capture bank slope undermining. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu OI Chu, Ma Librada/0000-0003-3732-7165 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1822 EP 1830 DI 10.2136/ssaj2007.0090 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100020 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Hummel, JW Sudduth, KA Motavalli, PP AF Kim, Hak-Jin Hummel, John W. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Motavalli, Peter P. TI Simultaneous analysis of soil macronutrients using ion-selective electrodes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-ELEMENT EXTRACTANT; CALCAREOUS SOILS; CORN; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; MEMBRANES; NITRATE; SENSORS; CALIBRATION; CALCIUM AB Automated sensing of soil macronutrients would be useful in mapping soil nutrient variability for variable-rate nutrient management. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are a promising approach because of their small size, rapid response, and ability to directly measure the analyte. This study reports on the laboratory evaluation of a sensor array including three different ISEs, based on TDDA-NPOE and valinomycin-DOS membranes, and Co rod, for the simultaneous determination of NO3-N, available K, and available P in soil extracts. Thirty-seven Illinois and Missouri soils were extracted using the Kelowna soil extractant (0.25 mol L-1 CH3COOH + 0.015 mol L-1 NH4F). The response of each electrode type in mixed solutions of NO3, K, and P ions was modeled based on the Nikolskii-Eisenman equation with all coefficients of determination (r(2)) >= 0.95 (P < 0.001). In soil extracts, the NO3 ISEs provided concentrations similar to those obtained with standard laboratory methods (r(2) = 0.89, P < 0.001). Concentrations obtained with the K ISEs were about 50% lower than those obtained with standard methods due to lower K extraction by the Kelowna solution (r(2) = 0.85, P< 0.001). The P ISEs provided concentrations about 64% lower than those obtained with standard methods due to a combination of decreased P estimates in soil extracts and lower P extraction by the Kelowna solution; however, there was a strong linear relationship (r(2) = 0.81, P < 0.001). Although P and K concentrations were low in comparison to standard laboratory procedures, a calibration factor could address this issue. These results show that ISE technology can be implemented successfully for NO3-N, available K, and available P measurement with the Kelowna extractant. C1 Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon 441100, South Korea. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon 441100, South Korea. EM kimhj69@rda.go.kr NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1867 EP 1877 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0002 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100025 ER PT J AU Jiang, PP Anderson, SH Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Sadler, EJ AF Jiang, Pingping Anderson, Stephen H. Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Sadler, E. John TI Estimating plant-available water capacity for claypan landscapes using apparent electrical conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; SOIL PROPERTIES; YIELD; FIELD; VARIABILITY; DEPTHS; MODEL; SCALE; ZONES AB Information on plant-available water (PAW(c)) capacity (PAW(c)) variation within a field is useful for site-specific management. For claypan soils, established relationships between soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and topsoil thickness suggested the hypothesis that profile PAW(c) could be estimated by assuming a two-layer soil composition, a silt loam topsoil layer and a silty clay sublayer, with known PAW fraction values for each layer. Objectives were (i) to investigate the direct relationships between ECa and the upper and lower limits of PAW(c), and (ii) to test the previously stated hypothesis. Nineteen and 18 soil profile samples were taken from two Missouri claypan fields in October 2005. The lower limit of PAW(c) was determined at -1500 kPa soil water pressure. Samples were taken again from the same locations in March 2006 to determine the upper limit of PAW(c). Calculations were on a 1.2-m basis. The direct relationship between ECa-1 and profile PAW (PAW(1.2))was significant, with regression a r(2) values of 0.67 and 0.87 and RMSEs of 30 and 20 mm for Fields 1 and 2, respectively. The RMSEs for two-layer-estimated PAW(1.2) were 14 and 16 mm for Fields 1 and 2, respectively, or 7.6 and 8.6% of the respective mean measured PAW(1.2). With the two-layer approach, some underestimates of PAW(1.2) resulted from underestimation of topsoil thickness, whereas overestimates were attributed to soil horizons being short of field capacity at sampling due to slow recharge. The resulting field-scale PAW(c) information is useful in site-specific decision making for soil and water management. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jiang, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 2323 Geol Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM pingping.jiang@ucr.edu NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1908 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0011 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100029 ER PT J AU Mamedov, AI Beckmann, S Huang, C Levy, GJ AF Mamedov, A. I. Beckmann, S. Huang, C. Levy, G. J. TI Aggregate stability as affected by polyacrylamide molecular weight, soil texture, and water quality SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEAL FORMATION; ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DRY PAM; INFILTRATION; EROSION; POLYMERS; ENERGY; CLAY; ADSORPTION AB The favorable effects of the environmentally friendly, nontoxic, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a soil conditioner have long been established. Some uncertainties exist, however, regarding the effects of PAM molecular weight (MW) on its performance as a soil amendment and its ability to penetrate into aggregates and stabilize interior surfaces. We studied the effects of two anionic polymers, a high-MW (12 x 10(6) Da) and a medium-MW (2 x 10(5) Da) PAM, using deionized water (electrical conductivity of 0.004 dS m(-1)) or a 15 mmol L-1 gypsum solution, on the stabilty of aggregates from four smectitic soils varying in clay content. Penetration of PAM into the aggregates was estimated from treating 0.5- to 1.0- and 1.0- to 2.0-mm aggregates with PAM and thereafter comparing the stability of the small aggregates to that of the large aggregates after the latter had been crushed and sieved to 0.5- to 1.0-mm size. The stability ratio (SR) ranged from 0.090 to 0.900 and tended to (i) increase with the increase in soil clay content, (ii) maintain, in the absence of PAM, a greater level with electrolyte solution than deionized water, and (iii) be greater for the PAM-treated aggregates than the control. In the finer textured soils, the SR of the initially small aggregates was generally greater than that of the initially large aggregates, indicating that most of the PAM was adsorbed on the exterior surfaces and only a small fraction of the PAM added, if any, entered into pores. A significant interaction among the treatments tested (PAM MW, aggregate size, and solution ionic strength), with respect to their effect on the SR, was identified. Consequently, neither of the two PAM polymers tested could have been singled out as preferable. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Regensburg, Dept Landscape Ecol & Soil Sci, Regensburg, Germany. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Mamedov, AI (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM amirakh.mamedov@ars.usda-gov NR 52 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0096 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100030 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Mitchell, MJ Mayer, B Groffman, PM Christenson, LM AF Campbell, John L. Mitchell, Myron J. Mayer, Bernhard Groffman, Peter M. Christenson, Lynn M. TI Mobility of nitrogen-15-labeled nitrate and sulfur-34-labeled sulfate during snowmelt SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; NITROBACTER-AGILIS; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; SOIL RESPIRATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE RATIOS; 2 WATERSHEDS AB The objective of this study was to investigate the winter dynamics of SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) in a forested soil to better understand controls on these acidifying anions during snowmelt. In February 2004, a stable isotopic tracer solution with 93 atom% (34)S as H(2)(34)SO(4) and 99 atom% (15)N as NH(4)(15)NO(3) was applied to the snowpack at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. The chemical and isotopic compositions of throughfall, snow, snowmelt, and forest floor leachates were monitored for 10 mo following the addition of the tracers. The (34)SO(4)(2-) and (15)NO(3)(-) tracer amounts in forest floor leachates were highest in the first fractions of meltwater and declined exponentially until returning to ambient levels in mid-May. Isotopic mass balances indicated that SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) were conservative in the snowpack, with tracer recoveries near 100%. In contrast, only 54 to 62% of the (34)SO(4)(2-) and 49 to 58% of the (15)NO(3)(-) were recovered in forest floor leachates, suggesting that much of the SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) that infiltrated the forest floor during snowmelt was retained or transformed. Microbial biomass delta(15)N values in the forest floor remained low during snowmelt and the natural abundance values of delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) in forest floor leachates were indicative of an atmospheric rather than a microbial source. These results suggest that, in this study, microbial immobilization and subsequent mineralization and nitrification of snowpack NO(3)(-) was insignificant in the forest floor during snowmelt. C1 US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1934 EP 1944 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0283 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 233LJ UT WOS:000251092100033 ER PT J AU Rathke, GW Wienhold, BJ Wilheim, WW Diepenbrock, W AF Rathke, G. -W. Wienhold, B. J. Wilheim, W. W. Diepenbrock, W. TI Tillage and rotation effect on corn-soybean energy balances in eastern Nebraska SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE corn; soybean; tillage treatment; crop rotation; energy balance ID ARABLE FARMING SYSTEMS; CROP PRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; AGRICULTURE; EFFICIENCY; SORGHUM; PERFORMANCE; YIELD; FOOD AB Data from afield experiment conducted in eastern Nebraska over 16 years (1986-2001) were used to determine the energy balance of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as affected by tillage treatments and rotation. Tillage treatments included chisel plow, tandem disk, moldboard plow, ridge-tillage, no-till and subsoil tillage. Crop sequences were continuous corn, continuous soybean, corn in a corn-soybean rotation and soybean in a soybean-corn rotation. The energy balance was assessed by comparing the parameters: energy gain (net energy output), energy intensity (energy input per unit grain equivalent, GE) and output/input ratio. Changes in plant density, crop production practices and machinery over the course of the study were taken into account in the analysis. Averaged across years, the no-till treatment required lower energy input (7.34 GJ ha(-1)) than tandem disk (7.65 GJ ha(-1)), ridge-till (7.69 GJ ha(-1)), chisel plow (7.83 GJ ha(-1)). subsoil-tillage (7.96 GJ ha-1) and moldboard plow (8.72 GJ ha(-1)). The energy input was lower for soybean systems than corn. Hence, the lowest energy input was required for soybean with no-tillage (5.43 GJ ha(-1)) and highest for corn systems with moldboard plow tillage (10.6 GJ ha(-1)). Within a rotation the tillage treatment had a small effect on energy output with energy efficiency being more strongly affected by crop rotation than by tillage method. Moldboard plow tillage maximized the energy gain while reduced tillage (ridge-till, no-till) minimized energy intensity and maximized output/input ratio. Within crops and crop rotations, the highest energy gain (98 GJ ha(-1)) and lowest energy intensity (162.4 GJ GE(-1)) occurred in corn production. For both corn and soybean, the energy gain was greater for crop rotations (92.8 GJ ha(-1)) than monocultures (78.0 GJ ha(-1)). The output/input ratio was greatest for rotated corn (14.0) and lowest for continuous soybean (9.9). Crop rotations that include legumes and reduced tillage improve the energy efficiency of crop production systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wienhold, B. J.; Wilheim, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Rathke, G. -W.] BASF AG, Agrazentrum Limburgerhof, EAPE, DT, D-67117 Limburgerhof, Germany. [Diepenbrock, W.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Crop Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 120 Keim Hall, E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Brian.Wienhold@ars.usda.gov RI Diepenbrock, Wulf/C-6920-2016 NR 55 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.still.2007.08.008 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 243BL UT WOS:000251769800006 ER PT J AU Mitchell, D Gallagher, T AF Mitchell, Dana Gallagher, Tom TI Chipping whole trees for fuel chips: A production study SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE biomass; hog fuel; harvesting; production AB A time and motion study was conducted to determine the productivity and cost of an in-woods (hipping operation when processing whole small-diameter trees for biomass. The study removed biomass from two overstocked stands and compared the cost of this treatment to existing alternatives. The treatment stands consisted of a 30-year-old longleaf pine stand and a 37-year-old loblolly pine stand. In the longleaf pine stand, 71 % of the trees removed were less than 5 in. dbh. In the loblolly pine stand, approximately 81% of the stems removed were less than 5 in. dbh. The harvesting system consisted of conventional ground-based harvesting equipment and a three-knife chipper that processed the biomass into fuel chips. The average production time to fill a chip van was 24.61 minutes. The chip moisture content averaged 94.11 % (dry basis). Using machine rates and federal labor wage rates, the in-woods cost of producing fuel chips was $9.18/green ton (gt). The cost of the biomass (hipping operation ($15.18/gt), including transportation, compared favorably to existing alternative treatments of cut-and-pile or mulching. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mitchell, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM danamitchell@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 236CB UT WOS:000251279500003 ER PT J AU Brooks, JR Jiang, L Clark, A AF Brooks, John R. Jiang, Lichun Clark, Alexander, III TI Compatible stem taper, volume, and weight equations for young longleaf pine plantations in southwest Georgia SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE longleaf pine; volume; weight; taper ID BIOMASS; SYSTEM AB Outside and inside bark diameter measurements were recorded from tree disks obtained at 0, 0.5-, 2.0-, 4.5-, 6.0-, 16.6-, and at 4-ft-height intervals above 6 ft to a 2-in. diameter outside bark top diameter on 42 longleof pine trees selected from intensively managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in Dougherty and Worth Counties in southwest Georgia. Trees were sampled from unthinned, cutover stands in their 11th and 14th growing season, which are currently part of an existing growth and yield study. Sample trees ranged from 2 to 7 in. in diameter and from 18 to 40 ft in total height. Parameters for a segmented polynomial toper and compatible cubic foot volume and weight equation were simultaneously estimated using a seemingly unrelated nonlinear fitting procedure to volumes based on a generalized Newton formula and an overlapping bolt methodology. Average error was approximately 0.25 in., 0.04 ft(3), and 2.5 lb for taper, volume, and weight estimation, respectively. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, 322 Percival Hall,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jrbrooks@mail.wvu.edu; jlichun@yahoo.com; aclark@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 236CB UT WOS:000251279500005 ER PT J AU Rieman, BE Isaak, D Adams, S Horan, D Nagel, D Luce, C Myers, D AF Rieman, Bruce E. Isaak, Daniel Adams, Susan Horan, Dona Nagel, David Luce, Charles Myers, Deborah TI Anticipated climate warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; STREAM TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN MARGINS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NORTH-AMERICA; NATIVE RANGE; CONSERVATION AB A warming climate could profoundly affect the distribution and abundance of many fishes. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus may be especially vulnerable to climate change given that spawning and early rearing are constrained by cold water temperatures creating a patchwork of natal headwater habitats across river networks. Because the size and connectivity of patches also appear to influence the persistence of local populations, climate warming could lead to increasing fragmentation of remaining habitats and accelerated decline of this species. We modeled the relationships between (1) the lower elevation limits of small bull trout and mean annual air temperature and (2) latitude and longitude across the species' potential range within the interior Columbia River basin of the USA. We used our results to explore the implications of the climate warming expected in the next 50 or more years. We found a strong association between the lower elevation limits of bull trout distributions and longitude and latitude; this association was consistent with the patterns in mean annual air temperature. We concluded that climate does strongly influence regional and local bull trout distributions, and we estimated bull trout habitat response to a range of predicted climate warming effects. Warming over the range predicted could result in losses of 18-92% of thermally suitable natal habitat area and 27-99% of large (>10,000-ha) habitat patches, which suggests that population impacts may be disproportionate to the simple loss of habitat area. The predicted changes were not uniform across the species' range, and some populations appear to face higher risks than others. These results could provide a foundation for regional prioritization in conservation management, although more detailed models are needed to prioritize actions at local scales. C1 [Rieman, Bruce E.; Isaak, Daniel; Horan, Dona; Nagel, David; Luce, Charles] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stns, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Adams, Susan] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Isaak, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stns, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008; Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; NR 77 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 10 U2 51 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1552 EP 1565 DI 10.1577/T07-028.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400009 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Schmetterling, DA AF Adams, Susan B. Schmetterling, David A. TI Freshwater sculpins: Phylogeneties to ecology SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BULLHEAD COTTUS-GOBIO; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; SLIMY SCULPIN; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BROWN TROUT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MOTTLED SCULPIN; PREDATORY FISH; BENTHIC FISHES AB Freshwater sculpins (Cottidae) are a diverse and ecologically important component of cool- and coldwater ecosystems throughout the northern hemisphere. More than 60 sculpin species occur in a variety of habitats, and sculpin distributions range from highly localized to widespread. Despite the frequently high biomass of sculpins and their numerous ecosystem functions, the traditional fisheries management emphasis on sport fishes has led to a general neglect of small-bodied, nongame fishes, such as sculpins, in both research and management. Ironically, in many coldwater ecosystems, salmonids are used as umbrella species to conserve and protect all aquatic vertebrates; however, many management and conservation goals may be better met by focusing on sculpins. This module arose from a symposium entitled "Ecology and Phylogeny of Freshwater and Diadromous Sculpin," which was held at the 2005 annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society in Anchorage, Alaska, and which brought together researchers studying sculpins from diverse perspectives. The objectives of this special module are to (1) publish a wealth of recent research on sculpins in one place to highlight the various scales at which sculpin research can be informative and useful, (2) stimulate interest in sculpins as targets of research and conservation, and (3) illustrate some conservation needs and management uses of sculpins that are unique from those of salmonids and other sport fishes. The papers in this module cover a range of topics, including phylogenetics of a species complex, tests of behavioral theories, and characteristics of sculpin movements, foraging, and reproduction. Together, these papers illustrate the importance of sculpins to a variety of fish communities and their usefulness in addressing theoretical questions and management objectives. C1 [Adams, Susan B.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Schmetterling, David A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT 59084 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sadams01@fs.fed.us RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 NR 67 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1736 EP 1741 DI 10.1577/T07-023.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400024 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Rhee, H Yanosek, KA AF Foltz, R. B. Rhee, H. Yanosek, K. A. TI Infiltration, erosion, and vegetation recovery following road obliteration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE erosion; forest roads; infiltration; interrill erodibility; obliteration; rainfall simulation; saturated hydraulic conductivity; vegetation recovery; WEPP ID SOIL BULK-DENSITY; FOREST ROADS; RUNOFF; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; TERRAIN; GROWTH AB Forest roads are obliterated to lower the risks of surface erosion and mass failures. One purpose of the road obliteration is to return the compacted forest roads to productive pre-road conditions, i.e., a forest floor with high infiltration capacity, low interrill erodibility, and high vegetation ground cover. It is important to know how these characteristics recover following road obliteration. Infiltration capacity, interrill erodibility, and vegetation ground cover are essential parameters for modeling erosion from obliterated roads for erosion prediction models such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). We chose three sites located on the Payette National Forest, Idaho. Rainfall simulations were conducted on 1 x 1 m plots with three replications in two consecutive years. Three 30 min storm events with an intensity of 89 mm h(-1) were applied to each plot. Photos were taken to determine vegetation ground cover. Infiltration capacity and interrill erodibility in this study were determined as 9.0 mm h(-1) for saturated hydraulic conductivity and 3.2 x 10(6) kg.s m(-4) for interrill erodibility. This study postulated a history of saturated hydraulic conductivity on a forest road from prior to road building to years after obliteration. The low elevation (1400 m) site had vegetation ground cover of 27% after three years following road obliteration, while the other high elevation (1800 m and 2200 m) sites had 8% after four years. We conclude that four years was not sufficient time for obliterated roads to return to the pre-road (forest floor) conditions, especially for infiltration capacity. C1 [Foltz, R. B.; Rhee, H.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Yanosek, K. A.] CH2M Hill Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1937 EP 1943 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000003 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Vitanza, S Welty, C Miller, S Bennett, M Zhu, H AF Derksen, R. C. Vitanza, S. Welty, C. Miller, S. Bennett, M. Zhu, H. TI Field evaluation of application variables and plant density for bell pepper pest management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE air-assist; coverage; deposit; electrostatic; pepper; spray ID POPULATION-DENSITY; SPRAY PENETRATION; FAN NOZZLES; YIELD; DEPOSITS; POTATO; GROWTH; VOLUME; COTTON AB Bell peppers are a valuable vegetable crop in the U.S. Management of pepper insects and diseases relies on chemical control options. Because there are relatively few chemical options available for pepper pest management, it is critical to make efficacious application of pesticides. Foliar spray coverage and spray retention in the middle and bottom of bell pepper canopies were compared using fluorescent dyes and food coloring, respectively. Several delivery systems were evaluated, including air-induction and twin-fan nozzles, air-assisted delivery with conventional hydraulic nozzles, and pneumatic atomization nozzles producing electrically charged sprays. Plant spacing between and within rows was evaluated in the second year of the application trial. Travel speeds of 6.4 and 12.9 km h(-1) were also evaluated. Faster travel speeds did not significantly affect spray retention in twin-row canopies. The electrostatic sprayer produced the greatest differences in deposits between the middle and bottom of the canopy. Although there was no more than a 25 cm difference between leaves sampled from the middle and bottom canopy locations, spray retention on foliage in the bottom canopy locations had significantly lower retention than the middle canopy for almost all sprayer types. Despite differences in atomization characteristics, the performance of the twin-fan nozzle and the air-induction nozzle treatments were similar. Air-assisted delivery provided no advantage in the amount of spray retained on the foliage, but it produced more desirable spray quality on foliage and resulted in more spray retained on whole fruit. C1 [Derksen, R. C.; Zhu, H.] USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Vitanza, S.] Texas A&M Univ Extens IPM, Clint, TX USA. [Bennett, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Corp Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Miller, S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Welty, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rich.derksen@ars.usda.gov RI Miller, Sally/A-1240-2015 OI Miller, Sally/0000-0001-9611-0535 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1945 EP 1953 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Fulton, JP Shaw, JN Bland, G AF Sullivan, D. G. Fulton, J. P. Shaw, J. N. Bland, G. TI Evaluating the sensitivity of an unmanned thermal infrared aerial system to detect water stress in a cotton canopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton; crop residue management; irrigation; thermal infrared; unmanned airvehicle ID TEMPERATURE; WHEAT; INDICATOR AB Airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imagery is a promising and innovative tool for assessing canopy response to a range of stressors. However, the expense associated with acquiring imagery for agricultural management is often cost prohibitive. The objective of this study was to evaluate a less expensive system, an unmanned airvehicle (UAV) equipped with a TIR sensor, for detecting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)response to irrigation and crop residue management. The experimental site was located on a 6.1 ha field in the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center located in Belle Mina, Alabama, where landscapes are gently rolling and soils are highly weathered Rhodic Paleudults. Treatments consisted of irrigation (dryland or subsurface drip irrigation) and crop residue cover (no cover or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). TIR (7 to 14 mu m) imagery was acquired on 18 July 2006 at an altitude of 90 m and spatial resolution of 0.5 m. Coincident with image acquisition, ground truth data consisting of soil water content (0-25 cm), stomatal conductance, and canopy cover were measured within a 1 m radius of each sample location. All sample locations were georeferenced using a real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey unit. Analysis of sample locations acquired in multiple flight lines was used to assess the stability and repeatability of the UAV system during an acquisition. Compared to field measurements of stomatal conductance with CVs ranging from 2% to 75%, variability in TIR emittance (CV < 40%) was within the observed tolerance of ground truth measurements of stomatal conductance. Significant differences in canopy cover and stomatal conductance across irrigation treatments allowed testing of the sensitivity of the UAV system. A negative correlation was observed between TIR emittance and stomatal conductance (r = -0.48) and canopy closure (r = -0.44), indicating increasing canopy stress as stomatal conductance and canopy closure decreased. TIR emittance exhibited greater sensitivity to canopy response compared to ground truth measurements, differentiating between irrigation and crop residue cover treatments. TIR imagery acquired with a low-altitude UAV can be used as a tool to manage within-season canopy stress. C1 [Sullivan, D. G.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Fulton, J. P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shaw, J. N.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL USA. [Bland, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, WFF, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1955 EP 1962 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000005 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ AF Hagen, L. J. TI Ratios of erosive wind energies on dry days and all days in the western United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE erosive wind energy; probability; rain; wind erosion; wind speed ID SOIL AB Simulated wind speeds and precipitation events from stochastic weather generators often are not correlated. This study was undertaken to determine (1) if wet and dry day distributions of hourly wind speeds were different, and (2) if different, would using distributions for all days cause errors in predictions of erosive wind energy and wind erosion on dry days. Hourly weather data were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center SAMSON data set at 46 stations in the western U.S. Wind speeds were sorted into 25 classes and a calm class (0 to 0.5 m s(-1)). After removal of calm periods, distributions were created for all days, dry days, and wet days. The wet days comprised wind speeds from the initial hour of precipitation and the 23 succeeding hours. Among 552 pairs of wet-day and dry-day cumulative monthly wind speed distributions, 87% of the distributions were significantly different (0.10 level or less based on a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). To determine the importance of these differences, monthly ratios of erosive wind energy were calculated from dry-day and all-day distributions. Over much of the area, the erosive wind energy was lower on dry days than on all days. The eastern Great Plains and eastern Washington had the lowest ratios. Hence, use of an all-day wind speed distribution at these locations likely overestimates potential soil loss from wind erosion. Limited wind erosion simulations using the WEPS model tended to support this conclusion. In contrast, a few of the low precipitation areas in the west had ratios that were consistently greater than 1. In summary, accuracy of predicted wind erosion from physically based models can be modestly improved by accounting for differences in wind speed distributions on wet and dry days. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1981 EP 1986 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000008 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B Marx, DB AF Gilley, J. E. Eghball, B. Marx, D. B. TI Nutrient concentrations of runoff during the year following manure application SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; land application; manure management; manure runoff; nitrogen movement; nutrient losses; phosphorus; runoff; tillage; water quality ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; SIMULATED RAINFALL; CROP RESIDUE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; CORN PRODUCTION; PLOT-SCALE; COMPOST AB Little information is currently available concerning temporal changes in nutrient transport following the addition of manure to cropland areas. This study was conducted to measure nutrient transport in runoff as affected by tillage and time following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to a site on which corn (Zea mays L.) was grown. Rainfall simulation tests were initiated 4, 32, 62, 123, and 354 days following land application. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were conducted at an intensity of approximately 70 mm h(-1). Dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total phosphorus (TP), NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were measured from 0.75 m wide by 2 m long plots. Concentrations of DP, TP, and NH4-N, in general, declined throughout the year on both the no-till cattle and no-till swine manure treatments. Tillage did not significantly affect concentrations of DP, PP, TP, NH4-N, or pH on the swine manure treatments, but significant variations in these variables were measured over time. Under no-till and tilled conditions on both the cattle and swine manure treatments, the smallest concentrations of DP, NO(3)-N, NH4-N, and TN occurred on the final test date. The increase in pH of runoff during the study is attributed to the addition of CaCO(3) to the rations of beef cattle and swine. Tillage appeared to have less of an impact on runoff nutrient transport from cropland areas than length of time since manure application. C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Eghball, B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1987 EP 1999 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000009 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Fitzgerald, GJ French, AN Clarke, TR Ottman, MJ Pinter, PJ AF Hunsaker, D. J. Fitzgerald, G. J. French, A. N. Clarke, T. R. Ottman, M. J. Pinter, P. J., Jr. TI Wheat irrigation management using multispectral crop coefficients: I. Crop evapotranspiration prediction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE crop canopy reflectance; irrigation water requirements; NDVI; normalized difference vegetation index; soil water balance ID REFLECTANCE AB A method widely used for irrigation management determines crop evapotranspiration (ETc) from reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculations and estimated crop coefficients. However; standard time-based crop coefficients may fail to represent the actual crop water use, for example, when deviations in weather or agronomic constraints appreciably change crop development patterns from typical conditions. In this study, the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures were applied during experiments with wheat to calculate the estimated ETc for irrigation scheduling. The objective of this research was to determine whether basal crop coefficients (K-cb) determined from a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI treatment) improve the prediction of ETc over a standard application with a locally developed time-based K-cb curve (FAO treatment). The experiments conducted for two seasons in central Arizona included subtreatments, equally replicated within the NDVI and FAO treatments, of three plant densities (typical, dense, and sparse) and two nitrogen levels (high and low) to provide a range of crop development and water use conditions. The effects of plant density and N level resulted in significant differences in measured seasonal ETc. Large variations that occurred in the observed K-cb and ETc trends between subtreatments were better correlated with the NDVI than the FAO treatment. The mean absolute percent difference for predicted ETc was significantly smaller for NDVI than FAO during both seasons. The treatment difference was 5% for the first season, but 10% for the second season when an unexpected early decline in ETc and K-cb was effectively predicted by the NDVI treatment but not by the FAO treatment. NDVI appears to be a robust approach for K-cb estimation of wheat, able to reliably predict actual ETc for both typical and abnormal water use conditions. C1 [Hunsaker, D. J.; French, A. N.; Clarke, T. R.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Pinter, P. J., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. [Fitzgerald, G. J.] Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic, Australia. [Ottman, M. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Doug.Hunsaker@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2017 EP 2033 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000012 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Fitzgerald, GJ French, AN Clarke, TR Ottman, MJ Pinter, PJ AF Hunsaker, D. J. Fitzgerald, G. J. French, A. N. Clarke, T. R. Ottman, M. J. Pinter, P. J., Jr. TI Wheat irrigation management using multispectral crop coefficients: II. Irrigation scheduling performance, grain yield, and water use efficiency SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE crop canopy reflectance; evapotranspiration; irrigation water requirements; NDVI; normalized difference vegetation index; soil water balance ID LEVEL BASINS; VARIABILITY; MODEL; CORN AB Current irrigation scheduling is based on well-established crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration procedures to estimate daily crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Effective irrigation scheduling and efficient irrigation water use can occur when ETc is calculated with crop coefficients representative of actual crop water use conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate irrigation scheduling using two approaches to estimate the basal crop coefficient (K-cb) during wheat experiments conducted in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 at Maricopa, Arizona. Each K-cb approach (main treatment) included six subtreatment combinations (three plant densities and two N managements) imposed to create spatial and temporal variations in water use among experimental plots. The first approach (NDVI treatment) estimated K-cb separately for each plot based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data obtained by frequent canopy reflectance measurements. The second approach (FAO treatment) estimated K-cb uniformly for all plots based on a K-cb curve developed for standard wheat conditions. The K-cb estimates were incorporated within the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures to calculate daily ETc and root zone soil water depletion (D-r). Plot irrigations were provided when the predicted D-r. reached 45% of the available soil water. During both wheat experiments, considerable variations in measured soil water depletion were observed for subtreatments due to differences in crop water use rates. For the FAO treatment, mean absolute percent difference (MAPD) for predicted D-r. was 27% and 40% for 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, respectively. Prediction of D-r. was improved significantly for NDVI for both experiments where treatment MAPD was 17% (2003-2004) and 18% (2004-2005). Although mean irrigation application efficiency for NDVI (89%) and FAO (88%) was similar for 2003-2004, it was significantly higher for NDVI (86%) than FAO (77%) for 2004-2005.Differences for irrigation scheduling resulted in significantly lower seasonal irrigation water use for the NDVI than FAO treatment, 8% (2003-2004) and 13% (2004-2005), but did not result in appreciable treatment differences for seasonal ETc, final grain yield, and crop water use efficiency (yield per unit ETc). Consequently, a primary outcome for both experiments was significantly higher irrigation water use efficiency (yield per unit irrigation water) for NDVI than FAO. Incorporating K-cb estimates based on NDVI within existing crop coefficient algorithms provides an opportunity to improve wheat irrigation scheduling strategies for conserving irrigation water while maintaining grain yield potentials. C1 [Hunsaker, D. J.; French, A. N.; Clarke, T. R.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Fitzgerald, G. J.] Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic, Australia. [Ottman, M. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pinter, P. J., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Doug.Hunsaker@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2035 EP 2050 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000013 ER PT J AU French, AN Hunsaker, DJ Clarke, TR Fitzgerald, GJ Luckett, WE Pinter, PJ AF French, A. N. Hunsaker, D. J. Clarke, T. R. Fitzgerald, G. J. Luckett, W. E. Pinter, P. J., Jr. TI Energy balance estimation of evapotranspiration for wheat grown under variable management practices in central Arizona SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Arizona; evapotranspiration; Maricopa; normalized difference vegetation index; remote sensing; spatial variability; surface energy balance; thermal infrared; two-source energy balance; wheat ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR PARAMETER; BASAL CROP COEFFICIENTS; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; SURFACE FLUXES; VAPOR TRANSFER; WATER-CONTENT; CANOPY; MODEL AB Estimating and monitoring the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration (ET) over irrigated crops is becoming increasingly important for managing crop water requirements under water scarce conditions. The usual point-based approaches for estimating ET, however, do not provide enough data for precision farming applications, whereby irrigation schedules could be customized by crop conditions at sub-field scales. Needed in addition are spatially distributed ET modeling approaches, obtainable only through remote sensing, which can observe ET-related surface properties such as vegetation density and surface temperature. Although research using remote sensing to estimate ET has been pursued for many years, there are still few ground-validated, full-season ET studies at fine spatial scales. In this study, we assessed the ability of a remote sensing model to retrieve daily ET throughout an entire growing season for wheat. Image data with 0.5 m resolution were collected in 2005 over an irrigation scheduling research site in central Arizona (Maricopa). The 1.3 ha study area. (FISE05) contained 32 leveled, flood-irrigated plots with treatments for irrigation scheduling, planting density, and fertilization. Daily ET was modeled using a two-source energy balance (TSEB) approach and airborne image observations in visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared wavelengths for six dates throughout the growing season. Using independent soil water depletion observations, modeled daily ET values were accurate to within 0.4 mm d(-1) for most of the FISE05 season and sensitive to changes in wheat canopy changes. Late-season ET estimates were less satisfactory, with accuracies to within 1.3 mm d(-1). The significance of these results was supported by verifying agreement between ground and airborne estimates of vegetation indices, wheat canopy cover, and surface temperature. Results from FISE05 also showed that the value of this particular implementation of ET remote sensing was limited by inadequate temporal sampling, seasonal dependence of vegetation density estimators, and uncertain parameterization for the late-season. In each case, modeled and projected daily ET estimate errors could exceed 1 mm d-1. These ET/energy balance results can be improved, however, by revising the vegetation density estimators and by combining episodic high-spatial-resolution image data with continuous high-temporal-resolution ground data. C1 [French, A. N.; Hunsaker, D. J.; Clarke, T. R.; Luckett, W. E.; Pinter, P. J., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Fitzgerald, G. J.] Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic, Australia. RP French, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Andrew.French@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817 NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2059 EP 2071 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000015 ER PT J AU Garcia, MC Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA AF Garcia, M. C. Vanotti, M. B. Szogi, A. A. TI Simultaneous separation of phosphorus sludge and manure solids with polymers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE animal waste; flocculation; manure treatment; nutrient removal; phosphorus; polyacrylamide; polymers; solid-liquid separation; swine wastewater ID FLUSHED SWINE MANURE; WASTE-WATER; DAIRY MANURE; REMOVAL; SLURRY; SYSTEM AB In this article, we describe improvement of a manure treatment system without a lagoon through implementation of a concept of simultaneous separation of solids. The original system consisted of three basic processes in series: solid-liquid separation of raw swine manure (SM) using cationic polyacrylamide (PAM), subsequent treatment of liquid through nitrification-denitrification, and a soluble P removal unit. The P removal unit used hydrated lime to precipitate P and anionic PAM to enhance dewatering of the P-rich sludge (PS). Our objectives were to evaluate if it is technically feasible to flocculate and dewater both the PS and SM in a simultaneous operation, using the same dewatering equipment and producing only one stream of solids. The simultaneous separation concept was tested in a laboratory prototype using PS and SM materials from a first-generation version of the system without a lagoon installed in a swine farm in North Carolina. Compared with SM, the PS material had a higher pH (10.1 vs. 7.5), about 5 times more total suspended solids (TSS) (29.5 vs. 5.7 g L-1), and 9 times the total P (2.7 vs. 0.3 g L-1). We found that the PS remained as a solid when mixed with SM, and all the solids were efficiently separated (>90%) using a single polymer application (cationic PAM). The simultaneous separation process did not increase the amount of PAM that would normally be used to effectively treat SM alone. The same dosage of PAM (60 mg L-1) was effective even when the mixture contained 43% more TSS and 94% more TP as a result of PS addition (up to 150 mL L-1). PAM effectiveness in terms of TSS or TP increased with the simultaneous separation process, from 108 to 160 g TSS g(-1) PAM, and from 4.7 to 11.4 g TP g(-1) PAM. Mass removal efficiencies tat the higher PS rate were 96.8% for TSS and 94.7% for TP. The quality of the treated liquid in terms of TSS, COD, and TP concentrations was also improved, and the P content of the separated solids was significantly increased (from 9.5% to 16.9% P2O5). Our results indicate that simultaneous separation of two contrasting sludges with PAM is technically feasible, and that the combined separation process is more efficient in terms of polymer use and equipment needs compared with a situation in which two dewatering units are used to separate the same amount of solids. Thus, its implementation can reduce installation and operational cost of the overall treatment system. C1 [Garcia, M. C.] Agr Technol Inst Castilla & Leon, Leon, Spain. [Vanotti, M. B.; Szogi, A. A.] USDA ARS Coatal Soil, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS Coatal Soil, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM vanotti@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2205 EP 2215 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000030 ER PT J AU Bennedsen, BS Peterson, DL Tabb, A AF Bennedsen, B. S. Peterson, D. L. Tabb, A. TI Identifying apple surface defects using principal components analysis and artificial neural networks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE apple; defects detection; image processing; neural networks; sorting AB Artificial neural networks and principal components were used to detect surface defects on apples in near-infrared images. Neural networks were trained and tested on sets of principal components, derived from columns of pixels from images of apples acquired at two wavelengths (740 nm and 950 nm). In an iterative process, different ways of preprocessing images prior to training the networks were attempted. Best results were obtained by removing the background and applying a Wiener filter to the images. Overall, the best performance obtained was 79% of the defects detected in a test set consisting of 185 defects. C1 [Bennedsen, B. S.; Peterson, D. L.; Tabb, A.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bennedsen, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bsb@bsbiosystems.com NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2257 EP 2265 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000034 ER PT J AU Park, B Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Windham, WR AF Park, B. Yoon, S. C. Lawrence, K. C. Windham, W. R. TI Fisher linear discriminant analysis for improving fecal detection accuracy with hyperspectral images SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY NOV 09-12, 2005 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison DE fecal contamination; fisher linear discriminant analysis; food safety; hyperspectral; image processing; machine vision; multispectral imaging; poultry inspection ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; CONTAMINATION; INSPECTION; CARCASSES; TISSUE AB Detection of fecal contamination in the visceral cavity of broiler carcasses is important for food safety to protect consumers from food pathogens. The simple ratio of the reflectance values of a 565 nm image to a 517 nm image was effective for identifying cecal contaminants in the visceral cavity. Since the accuracy of detection algorithms for identifying cecal contaminants varies with fecal threshold values, determination of the optimum threshold is crucial for detecting fecal contaminants during poultry processing. The dynamic threshold method using Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), along with the simple multispectral image ratio with Gaussian window averaging (10 nm FWHM bandwidth), performed better (98.9% detection accuracy with 1.1% omission error) than the static threshold method to identify cecal contaminants. The static threshold method with a threshold value close to the average of the estimated dynamic threshold values achieved 97.3% detection accuracy with 2.7% omission error. Because of uncertainty of fecal threshold and the trade-off between missed contaminants and false positives, the dynamic thresholding method using FLDA was useful for cecal contaminant detection. In addition, FLDA can be implemented to determine and update fecal threshold values for on-line inspection at poultry processing plants. C1 [Park, B.; Yoon, S. C.; Lawrence, K. C.; Windham, W. R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Res Associate Elect Engn, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Res Associate Elect Engn, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2275 EP 2283 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 255IZ UT WOS:000252653000036 ER PT J AU Hermle, S Vollenweider, P Gunthardt-Goerg, MS Mcquattie, CJ Matyssek, R AF Hermle, Sandra Vollenweider, Pierre Guenthardt-Goerg, Madeleine S. Mcquattie, Carolyn J. Matyssek, Rainer TI Leaf responsiveness of Populus tremula and Salix viminalis to soil contaminated with heavy metals and acidic rainwater SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accelerated cell senescence; cadmium; chloroPlasts; CO(2) assimilation rate; dark respiration rate; histological changes; hypersensitive response-likc reaction; stomatal conductance; visible injury; water-use efficiency; zinc ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; LOW OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; PICEA-ABIES SEEDLINGS; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WHOLE-PLANT; CADMIUM; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Fast-growing trees such as Salix viminalis L. and Populus tremula L. are well suited to phytoremediate heavy metal contaminated soils. However, information on tree performance, particularly leaf function, under conditions of heavy metal contamination is scarce. We used yearly coppiced saplings of S. viminalis and P. tremula growing in model ecosytems to test four hypotheses: (1) heavy metal contamination impairs photosynthesis by injuring leaf structure; (2) the effects of heavy metal contamination are enhanced by acidified rainwater and low soil pH; (3) heavy metal contamination increases dark respiration and, thus, repair processes; and (4) heavy metal contamination is tolerated and remediated better by S. viminalis than by P. tremula. We investigated heavy metal accumulation, tissue injury and gas exchange in leaves of plants subjected to controlled soil contamination with heavy metal dust. Additional treatments included acidic and calcareous natural forest subsoils in combination with irrigation with rainwater at pH 5.5 or 3.5. In both provenances of P. tremula that were studied, but not in S. viminalis, heavy metal treatment reduced photosynthesis and transpiration by varying amounts, except in the hot and dry summer of 2003, but had no effect on dark respiration. At light saturation, net CO(2) uptake and water-use efficiency were reduced by heavy metal contamination, whereas the CO(2) concentration in the leaf intercellular air space was increased. Rainwater pH and subsoil pH only slightly modified the effects of the heavy metal treatment on P. tremula. Gas exchange responses of P. tremula to heavy metals were attributed to leaf structural and ultrastructural changes resulting from hypersensitive-response-like processes and accelerated mesophyll cell senescence and necroses in the lower epidermis, especially along the transport pathways of heavy metals in the leaf lamina. Overall, the effects of heavy metals on P. tremula corroborated Hypothesis 1, but refuted Hypotheses 2 and 3, and were inconclusive for Hypothesis 4. Both P. tremula and S. viminalis showed appreciable potential for storing heavy metals in aging foliage. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Forest Serv Lab, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Gunthardt-Goerg, MS (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM madeleine.goerg@wsl.ch RI Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013; Vollenweider, Pierre/L-9315-2013 OI Vollenweider, Pierre/0000-0002-4995-1419 NR 66 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1517 EP 1531 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230AF UT WOS:000250847000002 PM 17669741 ER PT J AU Seyfried, MS Grant, LE AF Seyfried, Mark S. Grant, Laura E. TI Temperature effects on soil dielectric properties measured at 50 MHz SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; BULK ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-AREA SOILS; WATER-CONTENT; EFFECTIVE PERMITTIVITY; CALIBRATION; SENSOR; FREQUENCY; ACCURACY; MEDIA AB In recent years a number of soil water monitoring instruments have been developed and made commercially available. These instruments generally respond to the complex soil dielectric permittivity and operate at frequencies between 10 and 150 MHz. Although there is some evidence that these instruments are sensitive to temperature change in certain soils, little empirical data exists describing the degree of this sensitivity. We quantified temperature effects on both the real and imaginary components of the complex permittivity for 19 soils collected around the United States using the Hydra Probe soil water sensor, which operates at 50 MHz. We found that the real component response ranged from positive to negative such that the effect of a 40 S C temperature change resulted in a maximum apparent water content change of +/- 0.028 m(3) m(-3) among soils. The effect of temperature on the imaginary component was as much as six times greater than on the real component, changing about 2% degrees C-1, which is similar to that observed for electrical conductivity. The high imaginary component sensitivity to temperature is probably responsible for the high temperature sensitivity noted for commercial soil water sensors because they generally respond to a composite of both components. In addition, there was a strong linear correlation (R-2 = 0.81) between the effect of temperature on the calculated soil water content and the magnitude of the imaginary component. While this relationship suggests the possibility of calculating temperature effects on Hydra Probe - calculated soil water content in the field, it applies only to saturated soil conditions at present. C1 USDA ARS, NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Grant, Laura E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management 3310, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Seyfried, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWRC, 800 Pk Blvd, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0188 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100008 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Stevens, CT Puls, RW Yabusaki, SB Wauchope, RD McGrath, CJ Curtis, GP Siegel, MD Veblen, LA Turner, DR AF Cygan, Randall T. Stevens, Caroline T. Puls, Robert W. Yabusaki, Steven B. Wauchope, Robert D. McGrath, Christian J. Curtis, Gary P. Siegel, Malcolm D. Veblen, Linda A. Turner, David R. TI Research activities at US government agencies in subsurface reactive transport modeling SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID URANYL(VI) ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CATION-EXCHANGE MODEL; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; OIL SPILL SITE; HANFORD SITE; CRUDE-OIL; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT AB The fate of contaminants in the environment is controlled by both chemical reactions and transport phenomena in the subsurface. Our ability to understand the significance of these processes over time requires an accurate conceptual model that incorporates the various mechanisms of coupled chemical and physical processes. Adsorption, desorption, ion exchange, precipitation, dissolution, growth, solid solution, redox, microbial activity, and other processes are often incorporated into reactive transport models for the prediction of contaminant fate and transport. U. S. federal agencies use such models to evaluate contaminant transport and provide guidance to decision makers and regulators for treatment issues. We provide summaries of selected research projects and programs to demonstrate the level of activity in various applications and to present examples of recent advances in subsurface reactive transport modeling. C1 [Cygan, Randall T.; Siegel, Malcolm D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Yabusaki, Steven B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wauchope, Robert D.] USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [McGrath, Christian J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Veblen, Linda A.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Turner, David R.] SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Cygan, RT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 805 EP 822 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0091 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100013 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Jarvis, NJ Pontedeiro, EM van Genuchten, MT Cotta, RM AF Skaggs, T. H. Jarvis, N. J. Pontedeiro, E. M. van Genuchten, M. Th. Cotta, R. M. TI Analytical advection-dispersion model for transport and plant uptake of contaminants in the root zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STEADY-STATE; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; SOILS; CADMIUM; SCALE; FLOW; PROFILES; DEPTH AB In regulatory and risk management analyses of environmental contaminants, the vadose zone may be treated as a subcomponent within a larger environmental modeling framework. For the complexity of the larger system model to remain at manageable levels, it is desirable that subcomponent models be relatively simple and require few input parameters. In this work, we develop an advective-dispersive solute transport equation that includes plant uptake of water and solute and present an analytical solution. Assumptions underlying the transport model include linear solute sorption, first-order uptake, and a uniform soil water content. We examine the latter assumption in detail and demonstrate the effects of rooting depth, soil texture, and leaching fraction on the uniformity of the root-zone water content. The new analytical advection-dispersion model should be useful for estimating the transport and uptake of strongly sorbing and persistent contaminants, where the timescale relevant for assessing environmental impacts is long ( decades) and short-term fluctuations caused by, for example, precipitation can be averaged. As an illustration, model predictions are made for the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grown in sludge-amended soil. The predictions are compared with those of a "one-compartment" model that has been proposed previously for risk analysis and regulatory studies. The comparison shows that the one-compartment model overestimates the long-term, steady-state Cd concentration in harvested wheat grain. The analytical advection-dispersion model is recommended as a tool for environmental risk assessment of strongly sorbing, persistent contaminants. C1 [Skaggs, T. H.; van Genuchten, M. Th.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Jarvis, N. J.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Pontedeiro, E. M.] Brazilian Nucl Energy Commis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Cotta, Renato/H-5336-2012 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0124 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100020 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Thacker, TC AF Palmer, M. V. Waters, W. R. Thacker, T. C. TI Lesion development and immunohistochemical changes in Granulomas from cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granuloma; immunohistochemistry; lymphocyte subsets; morphometry; mycobacteria; Mycobacterium bovis; nitric oxide; tuberculosis ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; MURINE MACROPHAGES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS; IFN-GAMMA; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; ANTIGEN; CELLS AB Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, persists within granulomas. Formation of granulomas involves a complex array of immune activation and cellular migration. To examine temporal changes in granuloma development, we inoculated 32 cattle with M. bovis of deer origin. Tissues from 4 calves each were examined at 15, 28, 42, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 370 days after inoculation. Granulomas in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were staged (I-IV) on the basis of cellular composition and the presence or absence of necrosis and peripheral fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD68, CD4, CD8, and gamma/delta T cells was performed. Fifteen days after inoculation only stage I granulomas were seen, while between 28 and 60 days, there was a steady progression through granuloma stages such that by day 60, granulomas of all 4 stages were seen. Acid-fast bacilli were present in moderate-to-large numbers in stage I granulomas 15-60 days after inoculation. Stage IV granulomas contained large numbers of acid-fast bacteria. Abundant iNOS immunoreactivity was associated with granulomas from day 15 through day 60 but was minimal from day 90 to the termination of the experiment. The relative number of CD4+ and CD68+ cells remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, at time points >60 days, numbers of CD8+ and gamma/delta T cells diminished. Tuberculous granulomas are dynamic lesions that follow an orderly progression through disease stages. Diminished expression of iNOS and reduced numbers of CD8+ and gamma/delta T cells late in the progression of tuberculous granulomas may represent a failure of the host response to control infection. C1 USDA, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 47 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 863 EP 874 DI 10.1354/vp.44-6-863 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 232LG UT WOS:000251020600009 PM 18039899 ER PT J AU Pimentel, LA Correa, FR Gardner, D Panter, KE Dantas, AFM Medeiros, RMT Mota, RA Araujo, JAS AF Pimentel, L. A. Correa, F. Riet Gardner, D. Panter, K. E. Dantas, A. F. M. Medeiros, R. M. T. Mota, R. A. Araujo, J. A. S. TI Mimosa tenuiflora as a cause of malformations in ruminants in the Northeastern Brazilian semiarid rangelands SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malformations; Mimosa tenuiflora; plant intoxications; ruminants; teratogenic plants; toxic plants ID LAMBS AB Craniofacial anomalies, eye malformations, and permanent flexures of the forelimbs are common malformations seen in ruminants grazing semiarid rangelands of Northeastern Brazil. To investigate the cause of these malformations, we fed 2 suspected plants, Mimosa tenuiflora or Prosopis juliflora, to groups of 4 pregnant goats each. Fresh green M. tenuiflora was collected daily and fed ad libitum to 4 goats in group I throughout pregnancy. This treatment group also received a supplemental feed concentrate equivalent to 1% body weight. Four goats in group 2 received a ration with 70% of P. juliflora pods and 30% hay throughout pregnancy. Four control goats were fed supplemental feed concentrate (1% body weight) and hay ad libitum throughout pregnancy. Goats treated with P. juliflora pods and the control goats delivered 9 normal kids. The four goats that were fed M. tenuiflora during pregnancy delivered 4 kids, 3 of which had abnormalities similar to those observed in field cases, including cleft lip, unilateral corneal opacity, ocular bilateral dermoids, buphthalmos with a cloudy brownish appearance of the anterior chamber due to an iridal cyst, and segmental stenosis of the colon. Malformations induced experimentally by M. tenuiflora were similar to those observed in field cases, suggesting that M. tenuiflora is a cause of the field cases observed in the Brazilian semiarid rangelands. C1 Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Hosp Vet, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Rural Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Correa, FR (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Hosp Vet, Campus Patos, BR-58700000 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. EM franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br NR 11 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 928 EP 931 DI 10.1354/vp.44-6-928 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 232LG UT WOS:000251020600018 PM 18039908 ER PT J AU Sohn, EJ Paape, MJ Connor, EE Bannerman, DD Fetterer, RH Peters, RR AF Sohn, Eun J. Paape, Max J. Connor, Erin E. Bannerman, Douglas D. Fetterer, Raymond H. Peters, Robert R. TI Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-12 and IFN-gamma SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; bovine; neutrophils; cytokines; mastitis ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAMMARY-GLAND; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; COLIFORM MASTITIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INNATE IMMUNITY AB After intramammary infection, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) are the first cells recruited into the mammary gland. Rapid recruitment of and bacterial phagocytosis and killing by PMN are the most effective defenses against establishment of bacterial infection. In addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, PMN may play a key supportive role through secretion of cytokines during the innate immune response. We sought to determine whether bovine PMN produce cytokines in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effects of LPS on the expression of cytokines secreted by bovine PMN, we measured the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-gamma by ELISA after stimulation with different concentrations of LPS, and secretion of IL-8 after co-stimulation with LPS and either TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta. Bovine PMN were shown to secrete TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-12, IL-8 and IFN-gamma in response to LPS. Co-incubation of PMN with LPS and TNF-alpha increased secretion of IL-8 when compared to LPS alone. It was concluded that LPS stimulation up-regulates the secretion of cytokines by bovine PMN, and that co-incubation of LPS with TNF-alpha had an additive effect on the secretion of IL-8. These data show that bovine PMN, in addition to their phagocytic and bactericidal properties, may play a supportive role in the innate immune response to infection by Gram-negative bacteria through their ability to produce immuno-regulating cytokines. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mpaape@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1051/vetres:2007033 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 233FI UT WOS:000251075400003 PM 17727806 ER PT J AU Estevez, C King, D Seal, B Yu, QZ AF Estevez, Carlos King, Daniel Seal, Bruce Yu, Qingzhong TI Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus chimeras expressing the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase protein of velogenic strains in the context of a mesogenic recombinant virus backbone SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE newcastle disease; hemagglutinin-neuraminidase; reverse genetics; avian paramyxovirus; pathogenicity indexes; emerging diseases ID HOMOLOGOUS FUSION PROTEIN; CLEAVAGE SITE; HN PROTEIN; V-PROTEIN; F-PROTEIN; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; CHICKENS; DOMAIN; PATHOGENICITY AB A major factor in the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site, but the role of other viral genes that contribute to virulence and different clinical forms of the disease remain undefined. To assess the role of other NDV genes in virus pathogenicity, a reverse genetics system was developed using the mesogenic NDV Anhinga strain to provide a backbone for generating gene mutations or gene exchanges in attempts to enhance or attenuate the virulence of that virus. Chimeras created by exchange of the Anhinga Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) gene with HN genes of neurotropic and viscerotropic velogenic viruses produced no significant change in virus pathogenicity as assessed by conducting the mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index assays and by inoculation of susceptible day-old SPF chickens. Inclusion in the recombinant construct of homotypic F genes, obtained from the parental viruses, also failed to enhance the pathotype of the recombinant viruses to a velogenic pathotype. A HN gene exchange alone within the context of the NDV Anhinga backbone failed to increase virus virulence from mesogenic to velogenic pathotype and suggests a multigenic role for NDV pathogenicity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yu, QZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM qingzhon.yu@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.07.008 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 233SQ UT WOS:000251111000013 PM 17719672 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Llewellyn, D Clay, SA AF Horvath, David P. Llewellyn, Danny Clay, Sharon A. TI Heterologous hybridization of cotton microarrays with velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) reveals physiological responses due to corn competition SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed competition; genomics ID WEED-CONTROL; ZEA-MAYS; CRITICAL PERIOD; ARABIDOPSIS MICROARRAYS; UNITED-STATES; LIGHT; ETHYLENE; GENES; INTERFERENCE; GENOMICS AB Microarray analysis was used to identify changes in gene expression in velvetleaf that result from competition with corn. The plants were grown in field plots under adequate N (addition of 220 kg N ha(-1)) to minimize stress and sampled at the V6 growth stage of corn (late June). Leaf area, dry weight, and N and P concentration were similar in velvetleaf plants grown alone or with corn. Competition, however, did influence velvetleaf gene expression. Genes involved in carbon utilization, photosynthesis, red light signaling, and cell division were preferentially expressed when velvetleaf was grown in competition with corn. A less clear picture of the physiological impact of growth in monoculture was provided by the data. However, several genes involved in secondary metabolism and a gene preferentially expressed in response to phosphate availability were induced. No differences were observed in genes responsive to water stress or sequestering/transporting micronutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Llewellyn, Danny/D-5230-2009; OI Llewellyn, Danny/0000-0001-9535-8707; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 546 EP 557 DI 10.1614/WS-07-008.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 232PH UT WOS:000251031100003 ER PT J AU Martinson, K Durgan, B Forcella, F Wiersma, J Spokas, K Archer, D AF Martinson, Krishona Durgan, Beverly Forcella, Frank Wiersma, Jochum Spokas, Kurt Archer, David TI An emergence model for wild oat (Avena fatua) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal time; soil growing degree days; Weibull function; soil moisture; soil temperature ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; WATER-CONTENT; DORMANCY; GERMINATION; TEMPERATURE; BIOLOGY; TIME AB Wild oat is an economically important annual weed throughout small grain producing regions of the United States and Canada. Timely and more accurate control of wild oat may be developed if there is a better understanding of its emergence patterns. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the emergence pattern of wild oat and determine if emergence could be predicted using soil growing degree days (GDD) and/or hydrothermal time (HTT). Research plots were established at Crookston, MN, and Fargo, ND, in 2002 and 2003. On a weekly basis, naturally emerging seedlings were counted and removed from six 0.37-m(2) permanent quadrats randomly distributed in a wild oat-infested area. This process was repeated until no additional emergence was observed. Wild oat emergence began between May I and May 15 at both locations and in both years and continued for 4 to 6 wk. Base soil temperature and soil water potential associated with wild oat emergence were determined to be 1 C and -0.6 MPa, respectively. Seedling emergence was correlated with GDD and HTT but not calendar days (P = 0.15). A Weibull function was fitted to cumulative wild oat emergence and GDD and HTT. The models for GDD (n = 22, r(2) = 0.93, root mean square error [RMSE] = 10.7) and HTT (n = 22, r(2) = 0.92, RMSE = 11.2) closely fit observed emergence patterns. The latter model is the first to use HTT to predict wild oat emergence under field conditions. Both models can aid in the future study of wild oat emergence and assist growers and agricultural professionals with planning timely and more accurate wild oat control. C1 Andover Reg Ctr, Andover, MN 55304 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Martinson, K (reprint author), Andover Reg Ctr, 550 Bunker Lake Blvd NW Suite L1, Andover, MN 55304 USA. EM bjork026@umn.edu RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1614/WS-07-059.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 232PH UT WOS:000251031100008 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Sheley, RL AF Davies, Kirk W. Sheley, Roger L. TI Influence of neighboring vegetation height on seed dispersal: Implications for invasive plant management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed prevention; invasion; weed management; containment ID WEED; WIND; RANGELAND; FRAMEWORK AB Controlling invasive plant infestations is very costly and often unsuccessful. Preventing invasions is more cost-effective than controlling invasive plants after they are established. Because prevention guidelines do not suggest any tools or methods to limit wind dispersal of invasive plant seeds, we investigated the influence of neighboring vegetation height on seed dispersal of a wind-dispersed (yellow salsify) and nonwind-dispersed (medusahead) species. To examine the influence of neighboring vegetation height on dispersal, seeds of both species were released in front of an artificial stand of desert wheatgrass in a modified wind tunnel. Treatments were a complete factorial design with two species, four vegetation heights (10, 30, 40, and 60 cm), three wind speeds (3, 5.5, and 10 km h(-1)), and three release distances from the neighboring vegetation (0, 15, and 30 cm). The ability of medusahead and yellow salsify seeds to disperse was influenced by the height of neighboring vegetation. Increasing height of neighboring vegetation decreased the number of yellow salsify seeds dispersing across neighboring vegetation. The greatest percentage of medusahead seeds dispersed across the neighboring vegetation was at the shortest height. Based on these results, we suggest that maintaining or promoting tall vegetation neighboring invasive plant infestations may reduce wind dispersal of seeds. More research is needed to investigate the influence of varying heights, densities, structural attributes, and composition of vegetation neighboring infestations and the dispersal of invasive plants. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1614/WS-07-067.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 232PH UT WOS:000251031100014 ER PT J AU Wagner, NC Maxwell, BD Taper, ML Rew, LJ AF Wagner, N. C. Maxwell, B. D. Taper, M. L. Rew, L. J. TI Developing an empirical yield-prediction model based on wheat and wild oat (Avena fatua) density, nitrogen and herbicide rate, and growing-season precipitation SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yield prediction; empirical modeling; site-specific management; fertilizer; herbicide; precipitation; precision agriculture ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; COMPETITION POPULATION ECOLOGY; WEED SPECIES ABUNDANCE; CORN ZEA-MAYS; SPRING WHEAT; CROP YIELD; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; INTERFERENCE RELATIONSHIPS; IDENTIFYING ASSOCIATIONS AB To develop a more complete understanding of the ecological factors that regulate crop productivity, we tested the relative predictive power of yield models driven by five predictor variables: wheat and wild oat density, nitrogen and herbicide rate, and growing-season precipitation. Existing data sets were collected and used in a meta-analysis of the ability of at least two predictor variables to explain variations in wheat yield. Yield responses were asymptotic with increasing crop and weed density; however, asymptotic trends were lacking as herbicide and fertilizer levels were increased. Based on the independent field data, the three best-fitting models (in order) from the candidate set of models were a multiple regression equation that included all five predictor variables (R-2 = 0.71), a double-hyperbolic equation including three input predictor variables (R-2 = 0.63), and a nonlinear model including all five predictor variables (R-2 = 0.56). The double-hyperbolic, three-predictor model, which did not include herbicide and fertilizer influence on yield, performed slightly better than the five-variable nonlinear model including these predictors, illustrating the large amount of variation in wheat yield and the lack of concrete knowledge upon which farmers base their fertilizer and herbicide management decisions, especially when weed infestation causes competition for limited nitrogen and water. It was difficult to elucidate the ecological first principles in the noisy field data and to build effective models based on disjointed data sets, where none of the studies measured all five variables. To address this disparity, we conducted a five-variable full-factorial greenhouse experiment. Based on our five-variable greenhouse experiment, the best-fitting model was a new nonlinear equation including all five predictor variables and was shown to fit the greenhouse data better than four previously developed agronomic models with an R-2 of 0.66. Development of this mathematical model, through model selection and parameterization with field and greenhouse data, represents the initial step in building a decision support system for site-specific and variable-rate management of herbicide, fertilizer, and crop seeding rate that considers varying levels of available water and weed infestation. C1 USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Studies, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Wagner, NC (reprint author), USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW Mail Stop 1045, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Nicole.C.Wagner@fas.usda.gov NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 652 EP 664 DI 10.1614/WS-05-018.1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 232PH UT WOS:000251031100018 ER PT J AU Ge, SK Xu, M Anderson, GL Carruthers, R AF Ge, Shaokui Xu, Ming Anderson, Gerald L. Carruthers, Raymond . TI Estimating yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) leaf area index and aboveground biomass with the use of hyperspectral data SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive species; hyperspectral remote sensing; airborne hyperspectral data; vegetation index; biophysical estimation ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; POLLINATION BIOLOGY; VEGETATION INDEXES; RIPARIAN WEEDS; INVASIVE WEEDS; CANOPY SCALES; AVIRIS DATA; NITROGEN; PIGMENT; MANAGEMENT AB Hyperspectral remote-sensed data were obtained via a Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager-II (CASI-II) and used to estimate leaf-area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass of a highly invasive weed species, yellow starthistle (YST). In parallel, 34 ground-based field plots were used to measure aboveground biomass and LAI to develop and validate hyperspectral-based models for estimating these measures remotely. Derivatives of individual hyperspectral bands improved the correlations between imaged data and actual on-site measurements. Six derivative-based normalized difference vegetation indices (DNDVI) were developed; three of them were superior to the commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in estimating aboveground biomass of YST, but did not improve estimates of LAI. The locally integrated derivatives-based vegetation indices (LDVI) from adjacent bands within three different spectral regions (the blue, red, and green reflectance ranges) were used to enhance absorption characteristics. Three LDVIs outperformed NDVI in estimating LAI, but not biomass. Multiple regression models were developed to improve the estimation of LAI and aboveground biomass of YST, and explained 75% and 53% of the variance in biomass and LAI, respectively, based on validation assessments with actual ground measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Res Syst Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Ge, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM shaokui@pw.usda.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 6 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1614/WS-06-212.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 232PH UT WOS:000251031100020 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Santana, B Lodge, DJ Baroni, TJ Both, EE AF Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Lodge, D. Jean Baroni, Timothy J. Both, Ernst E. TI Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Review DE Boletales; Caribbean; Central America; systematics ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL GENUS RHIZOPOGON; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; GREATER-ANTILLES; PUERTO-RICO; COSTA-RICA; SP-NOV; GUYANA; TYLOPILUS AB This paper presents results of surveys of stipitate-pileate Boletales in Belize and the Dominican Republic. A key to the Boletoles from Belize and the Dominican Republic is provided, followed by descriptions, drawings of the micro-structures and photographs of each identified species. Approximately 456 collections from Belize and 222 from the Dominican Republic were studied comprising 58 species of boletes, greatly augmenting the knowledge of the diversity of this group in the Caribbean Basin. A total of 52 species in 14 genera were identified from Belize, including 14 new species. Twenty-nine of the previously described species are new records for Belize and I I are new for Central America. In the Dominican Republic, 14 species in 7 genera were found, including 4 new species, with one of these new species also occurring in Belize, i.e. Retiboletus vinaceipes. Only one of the previously described Species found in the Dominican Republic is a new record for Hispaniola and the Caribbean. C1 [Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz] USDA FS, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] USDA FS, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR USA. [Baroni, Timothy J.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Both, Ernst E.] Buffalo Museum Sci, Buffalo, NY 14211 USA. RP Ortiz-Santana, B (reprint author), USDA FS, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bortizsantana@fs.fed.us NR 102 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU FUNGAL DIVERSITY PRESS PI HARBIN PA NORTHEAST FORESTRY UNIV, HARBIN, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 247 EP 413 PN 2 PG 167 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 243QD UT WOS:000251811500001 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET AF Chung, Si-Yin Champagne, Elaine T. TI Effects of Phytic acid on peanut allergens and allergenic properties of extracts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; peanut allergens; Ara in 1; Ara h 2; peanut butter; IgE antibodies; ELISA; succinylation ID DIABETIC KK MICE; PROTEINS; PHYTATE; BINDING; RATS AB Phytic acid would form soluble and insoluble complexes with proteins. Our objective was to determine if phytic acid forms insoluble complexes with major peanut allergens, and if such reaction results in a peanut extract with a lower level of soluble allergens and allergenic property. Extracts from raw and roasted peanuts were treated with and without phytic acid at various pH values and then analyzed by SIDS-PAGE and a competitive inhibition ELISA (ciELISA). The ciELISA measured IgE binding using a pooled serum from peanut-allergic individuals. Results showed that phytic acid formed complexes with the major peanut allergens (Ara h 1 and Ara h 2), which were insoluble in acidic and neutral conditions. Succinylation of the allergens inhibited complex formation, indicating that lysine residues were involved. A 6-fold reduction in IgE binding or allergenic potency of the extract was observed after treatment with phytic acid. It was concluded that phytic acid formed insoluble complexes with the major peanut allergens, and resulted in a peanut extract with reduced allergenic potency. Application of phytic acid to a peanut butter slurry presented a similar result, indicating that phytic acid may find use in the development of hypoallergenic peanut-based products. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sychung@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 22 BP 9054 EP 9058 DI 10.1021/jf071213b PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 224WR UT WOS:000250479500033 PM 17927201 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Niu, F Lee, KH Xin, JY Hao, WM Nordgren, B Wang, YS Wang, PC AF Li, Zhanqing Niu, Feng Lee, Kwon-Ho Xin, Jinyuan Hao, Wei-Min Nordgren, Bryce Wang, Yuesi Wang, Pucai TI Validation and understanding of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer aerosol products (C5) using ground-based measurements from the handheld Sun photometer network in China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; MODIS; RETRIEVALS; AERONET; RADIANCES; OCEAN; LAND AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) currently provides the most extensive aerosol retrievals on a global basis, but validation is limited to a small number of ground stations. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of Collection 4 and 5 MODIS aerosol products using ground measurements from the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET). The Collection 5 product uses a new method to determine the surface reflectance and a new aerosol model to retrieve aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Substantial improvement was found in the Collection 5 AOT product relative to the Collection 4 AOT product. Overall, the correlation coefficient of regression with ground measurements increased from 0.66 to 0.84 for all data points. The offset is reduced from 0.179 to 0.047, and the slope is improved from 0.74 to 0.98. At individual sites, the improvement varies with surface and atmospheric conditions. In general, both versions of the MODIS aerosol product tend to overestimate AOT over deserts/semideserts, tend to underestimate AOT over forests, and are more accurate over agricultural and suburban sites. The poorest retrievals occur over urban areas. The land cover dependence of aerosol retrievals was traced to the estimation of surface reflectance. The selection of the aerosol type is another major factor contributing to the discrepancies. Errors caused by both factors are subject to considerable variations with season and location due to land cover changes and varying fractions of coarse and fine mode aerosols, as well as the changing amount of scattering and absorbing aerosols. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; 辛, 金元/F-7310-2012; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; 辛, 金元/0000-0003-4243-5072; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Lee, Kwon-Ho/0000-0002-0844-5245 NR 35 TC 94 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22S07 DI 10.1029/2007JD008479 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CS UT WOS:000250705300001 ER PT J AU Bellin, A Tonina, D AF Bellin, Alberto Tonina, Daniele TI Probability density function of non-reactive solute concentration in heterogeneous porous formations SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration pdf; heterogeneous geological formations; Ito's Stochastic differential equation; beta distribution ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; CAPE-COD; CONCENTRATION VARIANCE; AQUIFER TRANSPORT; LOCAL DISPERSION; GROUNDWATER; DILUTION; MASSACHUSETTS; FLOW AB Available models of solute transport in heterogeneous formations lack in providing complete characterization of the predicted concentration. This is a serious drawback especially in risk analysis where confidence intervals and probability of exceeding threshold values are required. Our contribution to fill this gap of knowledge is a probability distribution model for the local concentration of conservative tracers migrating in heterogeneous aquifers. Our model accounts for dilution, mechanical mixing within the sampling volume and spreading due to formation heterogeneity. It is developed by modeling local concentration dynamics with an Ito Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) that under the hypothesis of statistical stationarity leads to the Beta probability distribution function (pdf) for the solute concentration. This model shows large flexibility in capturing the smoothing effect of the sampling volume and the associated reduction of the probability of exceeding large concentrations. Furthermore, it is fully characterized by the first two moments of the Solute concentration, and these are the same pieces of information required for standard geostatistical techniques employing Normal or Log-Normal distributions. Additionally, we show that in the absence of pore-scale dispersion and for point concentrations the pdf model converges to the binary distribution of [Dagan, G., 1982. Stochastic modeling of groundwater flow by unconditional and conditional probabilities, 2, The solute transport. Water Resour. Res. 18 (4), 835-848.], while it approaches the Normal distribution for sampling volumes much larger than the characteristic scale of the aquifer heterogeneity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the same model with the spatial moments replacing the statistical moments can be applied to estimate the proportion of the plume volume where solute concentrations are above or below critical thresholds. Application of this model to point and vertically averaged bromide concentrations from the first Cape Cod tracer test and to a set of numerical simulations confirms the above findings and for the first time it shows the superiority of the Beta model to both Normal and Log-Normal models in interpreting field data. Furthermore, we show that assuming a-priori that local concentrations are normally or log-normally distributed may result in a severe underestimate of the probability of exceeding large concentrations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Civile & Ambientale, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Bellin, A (reprint author), Univ Trent, Dipartimento Ingn Civile & Ambientale, Via Mesiano 77, I-38050 Trento, Italy. EM Alberto.Bellin@unitn.it RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012; Bellin, Alberto/F-8955-2013 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013; Bellin, Alberto/0000-0002-7348-8313 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 228YD UT WOS:000250767600008 PM 17628204 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Tomppo, EO AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Tomppo, Erkki O. TI Remote sensing support for national forest inventories SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Operational Tools in Forestry Using Remote Sensing Techniques (ForestSAT 2005) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Boras, SWEDEN SP Swedish Forest Agcy DE active sensor; k-nearest neighbors; stratification; large area estimation; mapping ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; EASTERN FINLAND; AIRBORNE LIDAR; UNITED-STATES; STEM VOLUME; LANDSAT-TM; AREA; PARAMETERS; IMPUTATION; VARIABLES AB National forest inventory programs are tasked to produce timely and accurate estimates for a wide range of forest resource variables for a variety of users and applications. Time, cost, and precision constraints cause these programs to seek technological innovations that contribute to measurement and estimation efficiencies and that facilitate the production and distribution of an increasing array of inventory data, estimates, and derived products. Many of the recent innovations have involved remotely sensed data and related statistical estimation techniques. Current applications of remote sensing in support of national forest inventories are reviewed for three areas: (1) observation or measurement, meaning using remotely sensed data in lieu of field observations or measurements; (2) estimation, meaning calculation of traditional inventory areal estimates such as forest area or volume per unit area; and (3) mapping. Future applications focus on two areas: augmenting field measurements with remotely sensed data obtained from lidar sensors and Internet accessible map-based estimation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 128 Z9 137 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 4 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.034 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 216QT UT WOS:000249894800002 ER PT J AU Ravi, S D'Odorico, P Zobeck, TM Over, TM Collins, SL AF Ravi, Sujith D'Odorico, Paolo Zobeck, Ted M. Over, Thomas M. Collins, Scott L. TI Feedbacks between fires and wind erosion in heterogeneous arid lands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; AIR-DRY SOILS; SEMIARID SHRUBLAND; DESERT; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; DESERTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA AB Shrub encroachment, a widespread phenomenon in arid landscapes, creates " islands of fertility'' in degraded systems as wind erosion removes nutrient-rich soil from intercanopy areas and deposits it in nearby shrub-vegetated patches. These islands of fertility generally are considered to be irreversible. Recently, fire has been observed to alter this pattern of resource heterogeneity through the redistribution of nutrients from the fertile islands of burnt shrubs to the surrounding bare soil areas. Despite the recognized relevance of both fires and wind erosion to the structure and function of arid ecosystems, the interactions between these two processes remains poorly understood. This study tests the hypothesis that fire-induced soil hydrophobicity developing in the soils beneath burned shrubs enhances soil erodibility by weakening the interparticle wet-bonding forces. To test this hypothesis, the effects of grass and shrub fires on changes in soil erodibility and on the intensity of fire-induced soil water repellency are compared at both the field and patch scales in heterogeneous arid landscapes. Higher water repellency was observed in conjunction with a stronger decrease in wind erosion threshold velocity around the shrubs than in grass-dominated patches affected by fire, while neither water repellency nor changes in threshold velocity was noticed in the bare soil interspaces. Thus, fires are found to induce soil hydrophobicity and to consequently enhance soil erodibility in shrub-vegetated islands of fertility. These processes create temporally dynamic islands of fertility and contribute to a decrease in resource heterogeneity in aridland ecosystems following fire. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Ravi, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM sujith@virginia.edu; paolo@virginia.edu; tzobeck@lbk.ars.usd.gov; tmover@eiu.edu; scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 AR G04007 DI 10.1029/2007JG000474 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 225MQ UT WOS:000250522400003 ER PT J AU Van Oost, K Quine, TA Govers, G De Gryze, S Six, J Harden, JW Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW Heckrath, G Kosmas, C Giraldez, JV da Silva, JRM Merckx, R AF Van Oost, K. Quine, T. A. Govers, G. De Gryze, S. Six, J. Harden, J. W. Ritchie, J. C. McCarty, G. W. Heckrath, G. Kosmas, C. Giraldez, J. V. da Silva, J. R. Marques Merckx, R. TI The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; BALANCE; SEQUESTRATION; 20TH-CENTURY; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; REALITY; MATTER AB Agricultural soil erosion is thought to perturb the global carbon cycle, but estimates of its effect range from a source of 1 petagram per year(-1) to a sink of the same magnitude. By using caesium-137 and carbon inventory measurements from a large-scale survey, we found consistent evidence for an erosion-induced sink of atmospheric carbon equivalent to approximately 26% of the carbon transported by erosion. Based on this relationship, we estimated a global carbon sink of 0.12 (range 0.06 to 0.27) petagrams of carbon per year(-1) resulting from erosion in the world's agricultural landscapes. Our analysis directly challenges the view that agricultural erosion represents an important source or sink for atmospheric CO2. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Agroecol & Environm, Res Ctr Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Agr Univ Athens, Lab Soils & Agr Chem, Athens 11855, Greece. Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Univ Evora, Dept Rural Engn, Inst Ciencias Agr Mediterran, Evora, Portugal. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div Soil & Water Management, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Van Oost, K (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Geog, B-1048 Louvain, Belgium. EM kristof.vanoost@uclouvain.be RI Van Oost, Kristof/B-6941-2008; Quine, Timothy/B-2984-2010; Govers, Gerard/A-8298-2008; six, johan/J-5228-2015; Heckrath, Goswin/F-2964-2016; OI Govers, Gerard/0000-0001-9884-4778; Marques da Silva, Jose Rafael/0000-0003-0305-8147 NR 29 TC 298 Z9 303 U1 43 U2 265 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5850 BP 626 EP 629 DI 10.1126/science.1145724 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223XL UT WOS:000250409200041 PM 17962559 ER PT J AU Chen, KY Cong, B Wing, R Vrebalov, J Tanksley, SD AF Chen, Kai-Yi Cong, Bin Wing, Rod Vrebalov, Julia Tanksley, Steven D. TI Changes in regulation of a transcription factor lead to autogamy in cultivated tomatoes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON; BACKCROSS; PLANTS; QTL AB We report the cloning of Style2.1, the major quantitative trait locus responsible for a key floral attribute (style length) associated with the evolution of self-pollination in cultivated tomatoes. The gene encodes a putative transcription factor that regulates cell elongation in developing styles. The transition from cross-pollination to self-pollination was accompanied, not by a change in the STYLE2.1 protein, but rather by a mutation in the Style2.1 promoter that results in a down-regulation of Style2.1 expression during flower development. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tanksley, SD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sdt4@cornell.edu OI CHEN, KAI-YI/0000-0002-6211-0198; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5850 BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1126/science.1148428 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223XL UT WOS:000250409200046 PM 17962563 ER PT J AU Bertoldi, G Albertson, JD Kustas, WP Li, F Anderson, MC AF Bertoldi, G. Albertson, J. D. Kustas, W. P. Li, F. Anderson, M. C. TI On the opposing roles of air temperature and wind speed variability in flux estimation from remotely sensed land surface states SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; DEPENDENT DYNAMIC-MODEL; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; COMPLEX TERRAIN; ENERGY FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; SCALE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION AB In semi-arid regions the evapotranspiration rates depend on both the spatial distribution of the vegetation and the soil moisture, for a given radiation regime. Remote sensing can provide high resolution spatially distributed estimation ( o similar to 10-100 m) of land surface states. However, data on the near surface air properties are not readily available at the same resolution and are often taken as spatially uniform over a greater region. Concern for how this scale mismatch might lead to erroneous flux estimations motivates this effort. This paper examines the relative roles of variability in the two dominant atmospheric states, wind speed and air temperature, on the variability of the surface fluxes. The study is conducted with a Large Eddy Simulation ( LES) model of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer ( ABL), where the boundary conditions are given by a surface energy balance model based on remotely sensed land surface data. Simulations have been performed for the late morning hours of two clear-sky summer days during the SGP97 experiment with different wetness conditions over an area characterized by a high contrast in surface temperature, canopy cover, and roughness between vegetated and dry bare soil areas. Spatial variability in canopy density effects both the air temperature Ta, through the energy partitioning, and the wind speed U, via the roughness, leading to local variations at 5 m above the ground of the order of 1 K and 1 m/s, respectively. Simulations show that the Ta variability tends to decrease the sensible heat flux H ( -30 W/m(2)) over bare soil areas and to increase it (+30 W/m(2)) over dense vegetation, thus reducing the total variability of the surface fluxes relative to those that would be estimated for spatially constant Ta, as observed in previous studies. The variability in U tends to increase H over bare soil (+50 W/m(2)), while having negligible effects over the vegetation, thus increasing the spatial variance of surface fluxes. However, when considered together, the combined effect is limited (< 10 W/m(2)), due to a partial canceling of effects. Consequently, for operational applications, such effects on regional flux estimation are typically minor. An interesting implication for ignoring atmospheric variability over the bare soil locations, with marked water limitation, is a significant local error (> 50%) in the estimation of the evaporative fraction EF. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Bertoldi, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 121 Hudson Hall,Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM bertoldi@duke.edu RI Albertson, John/A-3336-2008; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 AR W10433 DI 10.1029/2007WR005911 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 225NW UT WOS:000250525600003 ER PT J AU McKay, SD Schnabel, RD Murdoch, BM Matukumalli, LK Aerts, J Coppieters, W Crews, D Dias, E Gill, CA Gao, C Mannen, H Stothard, P Wang, ZQ Van Tassell, CP Williams, JL Taylor, JF Moore, SS AF McKay, Stephanie D. Schnabel, Robert D. Murdoch, Brenda M. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Aerts, Jan Coppieters, Wouter Crews, Denny Dias Neto, Emmanuel Gill, Clare A. Gao, Chuan Mannen, Hideyuki Stothard, Paul Wang, Zhiquan Van Tassell, Curt P. Williams, John L. Taylor, Jeremy F. Moore, Stephen S. TI Whole genome linkage disequilibrium maps in cattle SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; MARKERS; SNP; SEQUENCE; ALLELES AB Background: Bovine whole genome linkage disequilibrium maps were constructed for eight breeds of cattle. These data provide fundamental information concerning bovine genome organization which will allow the design of studies to associate genetic variation with economically important traits and also provides background information concerning the extent of long range linkage disequilibrium in cattle. Results: Linkage disequilibrium was assessed using r(2) among all pairs of syntenic markers within eight breeds of cattle from the Bos taurus and Bos indicus subspecies. Bos taurus breeds included Angus, Charolais, Dutch Black and White Dairy, Holstein, Japanese Black and Limousin while Bos indicus breeds included Brahman and Nelore. Approximately 2670 markers spanning the entire bovine autosomal genome were used to estimate pairwise r(2) values. We found that the extent of linkage disequilibrium is no more than 0.5 Mb in these eight breeds of cattle. Conclusion: Linkage disequilibrium in cattle has previously been reported to extend several tens of centimorgans. Our results, based on a much larger sample of marker loci and across eight breeds of cattle indicate that in cattle linkage disequilibrium persists over much more limited distances. Our findings suggest that 30,000 - 50,000 loci will be needed to conduct whole genome association studies in cattle. C1 [McKay, Stephanie D.; Murdoch, Brenda M.; Crews, Denny; Stothard, Paul; Wang, Zhiquan; Moore, Stephen S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. [Aerts, Jan] Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Coppieters, Wouter] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Genet, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Crews, Denny] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Dias Neto, Emmanuel] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Psiquiat, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Dias Neto, Emmanuel] Genoa Biotecnol SA, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Gill, Clare A.; Gao, Chuan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mannen, Hideyuki] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Lab Anim Breeding & Genet, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Williams, John L.] Polo Univ, Pacro Tecnol Padano, Lodi, Italy. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM mckaysd@missouri.edu; schnabelr@missouri.edu; Brenda.Murdoch@afhe.ualberta.ca; lmatukum@anri.barc.usda.gov; jan.aerts@bbsrc.ac.uk; wouter.coppieters@ulg.ac.be; DCrews@AGR.GC.CA; emmanuel@usp.br; clare-gill@ansc.tamu.edu; chuangao@neo.tamu.edu; mannen@kobe-u.ac.jp; stothard@ualberta.ca; Zhiquan.Wang@afhe.ualberta.ca; curtvt@aipl.arsusda.gov; john.williams@tecnoparco.org; taylorjerr@missouri.edu; Stephen.Moore@afhe.ualberta.ca RI Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel/A-5869-2008; OI Dias-Neto, Emmanuel/0000-0001-5670-8559; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825; McKay, Stephanie/0000-0003-1434-3111 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/05478, BBS/B/13454, BBS/E/R/00000685] NR 31 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-8-74 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 252JH UT WOS:000252442300001 PM 17961247 ER PT J AU Church, CD Wilkin, RT Alpers, CN Rye, RO McCleskey, RB AF Church, Clinton D. Wilkin, Richard T. Alpers, Charles N. Rye, Robert O. McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Microbial sulfate reduction and metal attenuation in pH 4 acid mine water SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REDUCING BACTERIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HEAVY-METALS; SP-NOV; DRAINAGE; SULFIDE; SEDIMENTS; SULFUR; SYSTEM AB Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Water-chemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H(2)S of Cu and Cd, relative to Zn; (2) stable isotope ratios of (34)S/(32)S and (18)O/(16)O in dissolved SO(4) that are 2-3 parts per thousand heavier in the mine water, relative to those in surface waters; (3) reduction/ oxidation conditions and dissolved gas concentrations consistent with conditions to support anaerobic processes such as sulfate reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of sediment show 1.5-micrometer, spherical ZnS precipitates. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of Penn Mine sediment show a high biomass level with a moderately diverse community structure composed primarily of iron-and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultures of sediment from the mine produced dissolved sulfide at pH values near 7 and near 4, forming precipitates of either iron sulfide or elemental sulfur. DGGE coupled with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene segments showed populations of Desulfosporosinus and Desulfitobacterium in Penn Mine sediment and laboratory cultures. C1 [Church, Clinton D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Church, Clinton D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Church, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM clinton.church@ars.usda.gov; wilkin.rick@epa.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; rrye@usgs.gov; rbmccles@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-8-10 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 255LR UT WOS:000252660000001 PM 17956615 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, Stephen O. TI The emergence of grass root chemical ecology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID META-TYROSINE; HERBICIDE; ALLELOPATHY; RHIZOSPHERE; WEEDS C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 43 BP 16729 EP 16730 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707837104 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224ZT UT WOS:000250487600004 PM 17942678 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Taylor, JB Raboy, V Plumstead, PW AF Leytem, A. B. Taylor, J. B. Raboy, V. Plumstead, P. W. TI Dietary low-phytate mutant-M 955 barley grain alters phytate degradation and mineral digestion in sheep fed high-grain diets SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytate; M 955 mutant; barley; digestion; mineral; sheep; 31P-NMR ID PHYTIC-ACID; RAPESEED MEAL; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT; PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; PROTEIN-SOURCES; ANIMAL MANURES; HEAT-TREATMENT; SOYBEAN-MEAL AB Greater production demands for ruminants require increased dietary inclusion of high-energy feeds. Grains and oil seeds are most commonly used to enhance diet energy density. However, use of such feeds proportionally increases the amount of dietary phytate phosphorus (P), which the ruminant may not be able to fully utilise. Our objectives for this study were to determine the extent of phytate degradation and mineral digestion in wethers fed high-grain diets consisting of either a non-mutant or low-phytate mutant barley grain. In two separate experiments, mature Columbia wethers (n = 7) fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulas and Columbia x Polypay wether lambs (n = 8) were individually fed one of two finishing diets formulated with either non-mutant Harrington (HARR) variety or low-phytate mutant-M 955 (M955) barley grains. Total-P intake was similar (P=0.46-0.70) between the M955 and HARR treatments for mature (5756 and 5550 mg/day, respectively) and lamb (5207 and 4894 mg/day, respectively) wethers. Dietary water-soluble P was 3.6 times greater in M955 versus HARR diets and phytate P was I I times greater in HARR versus M955 treatment diets. Apparent total-P digestion was similar between M955 and HARR treatments (P=0.52-0.69). More monoester P was identified in the duodenal chyme of mature wethers fed HARR treatment diet, presumably due to incomplete hydrolysis of phytate P in the rumen. Feeding M955, compared to HARR, treatment diet resulted in greater (P < 0.05) apparent partial-tract digestion of calcium (Ca) and total-tract digestion of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and zinc in mature wethers and apparent total-tract digestion of Mg and Fe and retention of Ca, Fe, and Mg in wether lambs. These results indicate that phytate in diets formulated with Harrington variety barley grain may not be fully digested in the rumen. Subsequent passage of partially digested phytate from the rumen may interfere with mineral digestion in wethers fed high-grain diets. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Taylor, JB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, 19 Off Loop, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 22 PY 2007 VL 138 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.005 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 227OQ UT WOS:000250667900002 ER PT J AU von Borell, E Langbein, J Despres, G Hansen, S Leterrier, C Marchant-Forde, J Marchant-Forde, R Minero, M Mohr, E Prunier, A Valance, D Veissier, I AF von Borell, Eberhard Langbein, Jan Despres, Gerard Hansen, Sven Leterrier, Christine Marchant-Forde, Jeremy Marchant-Forde, Ruth Minero, Michela Mohr, Elmar Prunier, Armelle Valance, Dorothee Veissier, Isabelle TI Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals - A review SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE cardiac activity; heart rate variability; stress; welfare; farm animals ID POWER SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS; RR-INTERVAL VARIABILITY; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PERIOD VARIABILITY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POINCARE PLOT; TIME-SERIES AB Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to investigate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, especially the balance between sympathetic and vagal activity. It has been proven to be very useful in humans for both research and clinical studies concerned with cardiovascular diseases, diabetic autonomic dysfunction, hypertension and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Over the past decade, HRV has been used increasingly in animal research to analyse changes in sympathovagal balance related to diseases, psychological and environmental stressors or individual characteristics such as temperament and coping strategies. This paper discusses current and past HRV research in farm animals. First, it describes how cardiac activity is regulated and the relationships between HRV, sympathovagal balance and stress and animal welfare. Then it proceeds to outline the types of equipment and methodological approaches that have been adapted and developed to measure inter-beats intervals (IBI) and estimate HRV in farm animals. Finally, it discusses experiments and conclusions derived from the measurement of HRV in pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, goats and poultry. Emphasis has been placed on deriving recommendations for future research investigating HRV, including approaches for measuring and analysing IBI data. Data from earlier research demonstrate that HRV is a promising approach for evaluating stress and emotional states in animals. It has the potential to contribute much to our understanding and assessment of the underlying neurophysiological processes of stress responses and different welfare states in farm animals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany. Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Res Unit Behav Physiol, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. Univ Clermont Ferrand, UFR Psychol Sci Sociales & Sci Educ, F-63037 Clermont Ferrand, France. INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. Fac Vet Med, Inst Zootech, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Rostock, Dept Agr Ecol, Agr & Environm Sci Fac, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. INRA, UMR, Agrocampus SENAH, F-35590 St Gilles, France. INRA, Unite Rech Herbivores, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. RP von Borell, E (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany. EM eberhard.vonborell@landw.uni-halle.de RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009; OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914; Veissier, Isabelle/0000-0002-8497-5395 NR 219 TC 258 Z9 260 U1 14 U2 149 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD OCT 22 PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 293 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007 PG 24 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 232LZ UT WOS:000251022500002 PM 17320122 ER PT J AU Weiskittel, AR Garber, SM Johnson, GP Maguire, DA Monserud, RA AF Weiskittel, Aaron R. Garber, Sean M. Johnson, Gregory P. Maguire, Douglas A. Monserud, Robert A. TI Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; western hemlock; red alder; plantation growth and yield; Pacific Northwest; empirical growth models; multi-level mixed effects ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; TREE GROWTH; LONGITUDINAL DATA; BRANCH DIAMETER; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CROWN PROFILE; STEM TAPER; MODELS; OREGON; YIELD AB Simulating the influence of intensive management and annual weather fluctuations on tree growth requires a shorter time step than currently employed by most regional growth models. High-quality data sets are available for several plantation species in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, but the growth periods ranged from 2 to 12 years in length. Measurement periods of varying length complicate efforts to fit growth models because observed growth rates must be interpolated to a common length growth period or those growth periods longer or shorter than the desired model time step must be discarded. A variation of the iterative technique suggested by Cao [Cao, Q.V., 2000. Prediction of annual diameter growth and survival for individual trees from periodic measurements. Forest Sci. 46, 127-131] was applied to estimate annualized diameter and height growth equations for pure plantations of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. Using this technique, fits were significantly improved for all three species by embedding a multi-level nonlinear mixed-effects framework (likelihood ratio test: p < 0.0001). The final models were consistent with expected biological behavior of diameter and height growth over tree, stand, and site variables. The random effects showed some correlation with key physiographic variables such as slope and aspect for Douglas-fir and red alder, but these relationships were not observed for western hemlock. Further, the random effects were more correlated with physiographic variables than actual climate or soils information. Longterm simulations (12-16 years) on an independent dataset using these annualized equations showed that the multi-level mixed effects models were more accurate and precise than those fitted without random effects as mean square error (MSE) was reduced by 13 and 21% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. The level of prediction error was also smaller than an existing similar growth model with a longer time step (ORGANON v8) as the annualized equations reduced MSE by 17 and 38% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. These models will prove to be quite useful for understanding the interaction of weather and silviculture in the Pacific Northwest and refining the precision of future growth model projections. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Weiskittel, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aaron.weiskittel@oregonstate.edu NR 54 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 250 IS 3 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.026 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 227LD UT WOS:000250657300014 ER PT J AU Balazs, E Schepers, JS AF Balazs, Ervin Schepers, James S. TI The Mycotoxin threat to food safety SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Inst Agr Res, Dept Appl Genom, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Balazs, E (reprint author), Inst Agr Res, Dept Appl Genom, Brunszvik 2, H-2462 Martonvasar, Hungary. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.018 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400001 PM 17727993 ER PT J AU Leslie, JF Anderson, LL Bowden, RL Lee, YW AF Leslie, John F. Anderson, Laurel L. Bowden, Robert L. Lee, Yin-Won TI Inter- and intra-specific genetic variation in Fusarium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mycotoxins from the Field to the Table CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL Omaha, NE DE amplified fragment length polymorphisms; biological species; Fusarium graminearum; Gibberella zeae; phylogenetic species; TRI101 ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; MATING POPULATIONS; SECTION LISEOLA; PRAIRIE GRASSES; WHEAT SCAB; SP NOV.; COMPLEX; GRAMINEARUM; ANAMORPH; DISEASE AB Genetic variation occurs at all levels across the genus Fusarium. In some cases such variation has been used to define species, and in others to describe populations or lineages. When amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are evaluated, strains in different species usually share at least 60% of the fragments and those in different species 40% of the fragments, or less, with isolates sharing between 40 and 60% of the fragments in an indeterminant situation. This gray area also is reflected in morphological characters, usually indistinguishable, and cross-fertility, usually some cross-fertility but often not as fertile as are strains that are more closely related. In terms of DNA sequence, the genes used for species diagnostics often have not been tested on large numbers of strains. For example, the TRI101 gene of F graminearum contains at least 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 36 strains and yielded 17 alleles that have been proposed as a means to subdivide this species into at least nine. However these subdivisions fare poorly as more strains are analyzed, with the number of alleles increasing to > 40 when similar to 500 strains from Korea and South America are sequenced. Some of the newly identified alleles cannot be correctly assigned to one of the nine subdivisions based on the proposed diagnostic SNPs. Before SNPs are proposed as characters to define species, it is important to verify their specificity based on a sufficiently large sample and to evaluate the genetic variation present in terms of an independent measure of genetic relationships. Only in such a manner can names that are meaningful in the context of trade and quarantine regulations be developed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Agr Biomat, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Leslie, JF (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jfl@ksu.edu; lla120@ksu.edu; rbowden@ksu.edu; lee2443@snu.ac.kr RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.059 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400005 PM 17854936 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Proctor, RH AF Desjardins, A. E. Proctor, R. H. TI Molecular biology of Fusarium mycotoxins SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mycotoxins from the Field to the Table CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL Omaha, NE DE Fusarium; gene cluster; mycotoxin ID POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ZEARALENONE AB As the 20th century ended, Fusarium mycotoxicology entered the age of genomics. With complete genomes of Fusarium graminearum and F verticillioides and several Fusarium gene expression sequence databases on hand, researchers worldwide are working at a rapid pace to identify mycotoxin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Seven classes of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes or gene clusters have been identified in Fusarium to date; four are polyketide synthase gene clusters for equisetin, fumonisins, fusarins, and zearalenones. Other Fusarium mycotoxin biosynthetic genes include a terpene cyclase gene cluster for trichothecenes, a cyclic peptide synthetase for enniatins, and a cytochrome P450 for butenolide. From the perspective of the United States Department of Agriculture, the ultimate goal of research on Fusarium molecular biology is to reduce mycotoxins in cereal grains. With this goal in mind, efforts have focused on identifying aspects of mycotoxin biosynthesis and regulation that can be exploited for mycotoxin control. New information on fungal and plant genomes and gene expression will continue to provide information on genes important for fungal-plant interactions and to facilitate the development of targeted approaches for breeding and engineering crops for resistance to Fusarium infection and mycotoxin contamination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM anne.desjardins@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 115 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.024 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400008 PM 17707105 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Kim, JH Campbell, BC AF Molyneux, Russell J. Mahoney, Noreen Kim, Jong H. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Mycotoxins in edible tree nuts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mycotoxins from the Field to the Table CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL Omaha, NE DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxins; almonds; pistachios; walnuts; oxidative stress ID WALNUT JUGLANS-REGIA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; STRESS; CONSTITUENTS; POLYPHENOLS; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTS; TANNASE AB Tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, and walnuts) are an exceptionally valuable crop, especially in California, with an aggregate value approaching $3.5 billion. Much of this economic value comes from overseas markets, with up to 60% of the crop being exported. The product can be contaminated with aflatoxins or ochratoxins, with the former being of special concern because of the strict regulatory levels (4 ppb total aflatoxins) applied by the European Community (EC). Natural, consumer-acceptable control methods are therefore required to conform to such limits. Research has shown that aflatoxin production is markedly decreased by the presence of natural antioxidants that occur in tree nuts, including hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. In vitro testing of individual compounds showed that the antiaflatoxigenic effect correlated with the structure and concentration of such compounds in individual nut varieties and species. This lead to the hypothesis that aflatoxin biosynthesis is stimulated by oxidative stress on the fungus and that compounds capable of relieving oxidative stress should therefore suppress or eliminate aflatoxin biosynthesis. Oxidative stress induced in A. flavus by addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the media stimulated peak aflatoxin production and maintained high levels over time. However, aflatoxin formation was significantly inhibited by incorporation into the media of the antioxidant, tannic acid. Measures to increase natural products with antioxidant properties in tree nuts may thereby reduce or eliminate the ability of A. flavus to biosynthesize aflatoxins, thus ensuring levels at or below regulatory limits and maintaining export markets for U.S. tree nuts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM molyneux@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.028 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400013 PM 17719114 ER PT J AU Cotty, PJ Jaime-Garcia, R AF Cotty, Peter J. Jaime-Garcia, Ramon TI Influences of climate on aflatoxin producing fungi and aflatoxin contamination SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mycotoxins from the Field to the Table CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL Omaha, NE DE aflatoxins; mycotoxins; causative fungi; Aspergillus flavus ID ASPERGILLUS-SECTION FLAVI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; PISTACHIO NUTS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH TEXAS; COMMERCIAL COTTONSEED; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOIL POPULATIONS; PEANUT KERNELS; DROUGHT STRESS AB Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins that cause developmental and immune system suppression, cancer, and death. As a result of regulations intended to reduce human exposure, crop contamination with aflatoxins causes significant economic loss for producers, marketers, and processors of diverse susceptible crops. Aflatoxin contamination occurs when specific fungi in the genus Aspergillus infect crops. Many industries frequently affected by aflatoxin contamination know from experience and anecdote that fluctuations in climate impact the extent of contamination. Climate influences contamination, in part, by direct effects on the causative fungi. As climate shifts, so do the complex communities of aflatoxin-producing fungi. This includes changes in the quantity of aflatoxin-producers in the environment and alterations to fungal community structure. Fluctuations in climate also influence predisposition of hosts to contamination by altering crop development and by affecting insects that create wounds on which aflatoxin-producers proliferate. Aflatoxin contamination is prevalent both in warm humid climates and in irrigated hot deserts. In temperate regions, contamination may be severe during drought. The contamination process is frequently broken down into two phases with the first phase occurring on the developing crop and the second phase affecting the crop after maturation. Rain and temperature influence the phases differently with dry, hot conditions favoring the first and warm, wet conditions favoring the second. Contamination varies with climate both temporally and spatially. Geostatistics and multiple regression analyses have shed light on influences of weather on contamination. Geostatistical analyses have been used to identify recurrent contamination patterns and to match these with environmental variables. In the process environmental conditions with the greatest impact on contamination are identified. Likewise, multiple regression analyses allow ranking of environmental variables based on relative influence on contamination. Understanding the impact of climate may allow development of improved management procedures, better allocation of monitoring efforts, and adjustment of agronomic practices in anticipation of global climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 63 TC 135 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.060 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400019 PM 17881074 ER PT J AU Kendra, DF Dyer, RB AF Kendra, David F. Dyer, Rex B. TI Opportunities for biotechnology and policy regarding mycotoxin issues in international trade SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mycotoxins from the Field to the Table CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2006 CL Omaha, NE DE agricultural biotechnology; aflatoxin; deoxynivalenol; fumonisin; mycotoxins; precautionary principle ID BT MAIZE HYBRIDS; FOOD SAFETY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FUSARIUM SPP.; CORN HYBRIDS; STANDARDS AB Despite being introduced more than a decade ago, agricultural biotechnology still remains framed in controversy impacting both the global economy and international regulations. Controversies surrounding agricultural biotechnology produced crops and foods commonly focus on human and environmental safety, intellectual property rights, consumer choice, ethics, food security, poverty reduction and environmental conservation. Originally, some consumers were reluctant to accept the first generation agricultural biotechnology products because they appeared to primarily benefit agricultural producers; however, it is clear from continued evaluations that these technologies also improved both the safety and wholesomeness of food and helped improve the environment. Plants engineered to resist insect pests and tolerate less toxic pesticides resulted in improved yields thereby enabling farmers to produce more food per acre while reducing the need for herbicides, pesticides, and water and tilling. An indirect benefit of reduced pest damage in transgenic corn expressing genes to control insect pests is lower levels of mycotoxins, most notably those caused by the genus Fusarium. Mycotoxins are an important regulatory issue globally because of their toxic and carcinogenic potential to humans and animals. Complicating this issue is the fact that toxicological databases for mycotoxins are relatively incomplete compared to other food contaminants. Current debates about agricultural biotechnology and mycotoxins reveal significant differences in perception of associated risks and benefits. When faced with uncertainty, regulators tend to set limits as low as possible. Additionally, some regulators invoke the '' Precautionary Principle '' when limited information is available or disputes over interpretation exist for possible contaminants, including mycotoxins. A major concern regarding use of the '' Precautionary Principle '' is the appearance that regulators can justify setting any limit on the basis of inconclusive or unknown potential hazards of a contaminant which may significantly impact global trade because mycotoxin residues vary widely between countries. This paper describes the current economic and heath impact of these regulations and their impact on international trade. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kendra, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.kendra@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.036 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 238RE UT WOS:000251464400024 PM 17727996 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI Oxidative stress: A dead end or a laboratory hypothesis? SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE oxidative stress; antioxidants; free radicals ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; VITAMIN-E; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PROTEIN; MARKERS; DAMAGE AB Oxidative stress is a highly used definition. The relevance of this concept is discussed in the light of the questionable effects of antioxidants in vitro and in vivo. The description of local cellular sources of oxidants and radicals as pathophysiologically important in signaling suggests the need for a re-discussion of the holistic concept of oxidative stress. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 23 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X EI 1090-2104 J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 19 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 2 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.124 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 210OF UT WOS:000249464800002 PM 17686462 ER PT J AU Triapitsyn, SV Logarzo, GA Virla, EG De Leon, JH AF Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Logarzo, Guillermo A. Virla, Eduardo G. De Leon, Jesse H. TI A new species of gonatocerus (Hymenoptera : mymaridae) from argentina, an egg parasitoid of tapajosa rubromarginata (Hemiptera : cicadellidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE mymaridae; Gonatocerus; taxonomy; cicadellidae; proconiini; egg parasitoid; Argentina AB Specimens of Gonatocerus virlai S. Triapitsyn, Logarzo & de Leon sp. n., which belongs to the ater species group of Gonatocerus Nees ( Mymaridae), were reared in Argentina mostly from wild- collected and sentinel eggs of the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata ( Signoret) ( Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) on citrus and corn plants. The distribution and host associations ( both natural and laboratory) of G. virlai are given. Under quarantine laboratory conditions in the USA, it was successfully reared for many generations on an unnatural host, the glassy- winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis ( Germar). C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Entomol Res Museum, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Washington, DC 20521 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Triapitsyn, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Entomol Res Museum, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM serguei.triapitsyn@ucr.edu; glogarzo@speedy.com.ar; evirla@proimi.org.ar; jhleon@weslaco.ars.usda.gov OI Virla, Eduardo Gabriel/0000-0002-9512-4254 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 19 PY 2007 IS 1619 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 222UU UT WOS:000250323700004 ER PT J AU Manners, GD AF Manners, Gary D. TI Citrus limonoids: Analysis, bioactivity, and biomedical prospects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE limonoids; citrus; bitterness; human health; review ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLONIC ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS; BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS; A-RING LACTONES; LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA; FRUIT-GROWTH; BY-PRODUCTS AB Limonoids are a prominent group of secondary metabolites in citrus fruit. The bitter character of some compounds in this group has historically compromised the quality of citrus fruit and juice. Detecting bitter limonoids in citrus, understanding their origins, and developing methods for their removal from citrus juices have provided the basis for citrus limonoid research. Evaluation of the biological activity of citrus limonoids has indicated the potential of these compounds to improve human health as anticancer, cholesterol-lowering, and antiviral agents. This review chronicles the evolution of citrus limonoid research from defining their participation in citrus bitterness to their potential utilization as important contributors to improving human health and well-being. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Manners, GD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gary_manners@ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 111 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 21 BP 8285 EP 8294 DI 10.1021/jf071797h PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 219TH UT WOS:000250110600001 PM 17892257 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ Reeves, JB Foster, JG Clapham, WM Fedders, JM Vigil, MF Henry, WB AF Calderon, Francisco J. Reeves, James B., III Foster, Joyce G. Clapham, William M. Fedders, James M. Vigil, Merle F. Henry, William Brien TI Comparison of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy with grating-based near-infrared for the determination of fatty acids in forages SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diffuse reflectance; fatty acids; forage; Fourier transformed; infrared; mid-infrared; near-infrared; NIR; spectroscopy ID SOILS AB Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid infrared (FTMIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (FTNIR) were compared to scanning monochromator-grating-based near-infrared spectroscopy (SMNIR), for their ability to quantify fatty acids (FA) in forages. A total of 182 samples from thirteen different forage cultivars and three different harvest times were analyzed. Three calibration analyses were conducted for lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C-18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and alpha-linolenic (C18:3) acids. When all samples were used in a one-out partial least squares (PLS) calibration, the average R-2 were FTNIR (0.95) > SMNIR (0.94) > FTMIR (0.91). Constituents C18:2 and C16:0 had among the highest R2 regardless of the spectroscopic method used. The FTNIR did better for C12:0, C14:0, and C18:3. The SMNIR did better for C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. A second set of calibrations developed with half of the samples as the calibration set and the rest as the validation set showed that all the methods produce acceptable calibrations, with calibration R-2 above 0.9 for most constituents. However, the SMNIR had a better average calibration relative error than the FTNIR, which was slightly better than the FTMIR. A third set of calibration equations developed using 100 random PLS runs with the 182 samples split randomly also shows that the three spectral methods are satisfactory for predicting FA. It is not clear whether any of the spectral methods is distinctly better than another. Calibration R-2 and validation R-2 were higher for most FA with the SMNIR than the FTMIR and FTNIR. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, VA USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM francisco.calderon@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 21 BP 8302 EP 8309 DI 10.1021/jf0712907 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 219TH UT WOS:000250110600003 PM 17892260 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Crockett, SL Baser, KHC Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Betul Crockett, Sara. L. Baser, Kemal Huesnue Can Wedge, David E. TI Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arnica longifolia; Aster hesperius; Chrysothamnus nauseosus; hexadecanoic acid; carvacrol; beta-phellandrene; beta-pinene; alpha-bisabolol; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS AB Essential oils from three different Asteraceae obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Main compounds obtained from each taxon were found as follows: Arnica longifolia carvacrol 37.3%, alpha-bisabolol 8.2%; Aster hesperius hexadecanoic acid 29.6%, carvacrol 15.2%; and Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus ss w-phellandrene 22.8% and ss-pinene 19.8%. Essential oils were also evaluated for their antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, and antifungal activities against plant pathogens. No antimalarial and antimicrobial activities against human pathogens were observed. Direct bioautography demonstrated antifungal activity of the essential oils obtained from three Asteraceae taxa and two pure compounds, carvacrol and P-bisabolol, to the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Subsequent evaluation of antifungal compounds using a 96-well micro-dilution broth assay indicated that (x-bisabolol showed weak growth inhibition of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea after 72 h C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, NPURU, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Eskisehir, Turkey. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacognosy, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, NPURU, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27094] NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 21 BP 8430 EP 8435 DI 10.1021/jf071379c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 219TH UT WOS:000250110600020 PM 17894463 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Koskinen, WC Barber, B AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Yates, Scott R. Koskinen, William C. Barber, Brian TI Processes affecting the dissipation of the herbicide isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile metabolite in agricultural soils under field conditions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE degradation; herbicide; isoxaflutole; isoxazole; metabolite; plant uptake; soil; terrestrial dissipation ID SORPTION-DESORPTION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOWING DATE; TRANSPORT; CUPHEA; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; FATE AB Two-year field dissipation studies were conducted in three soil types in Minnesota to examine the processes affecting the dissipation of the herbicide isoxaflutole and its phytotoxic diketonitrile metabolite (DKN) under relatively cool, wet soil conditions. Plots of cuphea were treated with isoxaflutole and potassium bromide, a nonsorbed, nondegraded tracer. Replicate soil cores were collected six times during the growing season to a depth of 1 m, and the bromide or herbicide concentration was measured in each of five depth increments. The dissipation half-life (DT50) of isoxaflutole + DKN was 8-18 days in each soil. Bromide and herbicide concentrations were low at depths >40 cm throughout the study, and herbicide concentrations in soil 100 days after application were usually undetectable. Simulation modeling using Hydrus-1 D for the loam soil suggested that plant uptake was an important mechanism of dissipation. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salinit Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Sharon.Papiernik@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 21 BP 8630 EP 8639 DI 10.1021/jf071256s PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 219TH UT WOS:000250110600047 PM 17880161 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Baldwin, RL Abbott, LC Hapeman, CJ Capuco, AV Le, A Bialek-Kalinski, K Bannerman, DD Hare, WR Paape, MJ McCarty, GW Kauf, AC Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Mcconnell, LL van Tassell, CP AF Rice, Clifford P. Baldwin, Ransom L., VI Abbott, Linda C. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Capuco, Anthony V. Le, Anh Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna Bannerman, Douglas D. Hare, William R. Paape, Max J. McCarty, Gregory W. Kauf, Adam C. Sadeghi, Ali M. Starr, James L. McConnell, Laura L. van Tassell, Curtis P. TI Predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; milk; dairy cows; dairy feed; human exposure ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION; FOODS AB Perchlorate has been detected in U.S. milk samples from many different states. Applying data from a recently reported 9-week experiment in which 16 Holstein dairy cows were administered perchlorate allowed us to derive an equation for the dose-response relationship between perchlorate concentrations in feed/drinking water and its appearance in milk. Examination of background concentrations of perchlorate in the total mixed ration (TMR) fed in addition to the variable dose supplied to treated cows as a ruminal infusate revealed that cows receive significant and variable exposure to perchlorate from the TMR. Weekly examination of the TMR disclosed that a change in ingredients midway through the experiment caused a significant (78%) change in TMR perchlorate concentration. Analyses of the ingredients comprising the TMR revealed that 41.9% of the perchlorate came from corn silage, 22.9% came from alfalfa hay and 11.7% was supplied by sudan grass. Finally, USDA Food and Nutrition Survey data on fluid milk consumption were used to predict potential human exposure from milk that contained concentrations of perchlorate observed in our previous dosing study. The study suggests that reducing perchlorate concentration in dairy feed may reduce perchlorate concentrations in milk as well as the potential to reduce human exposure to perchlorate in milk. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bovine Funct Genom Lab,Vet Serv,Hydrol & Remote S, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bovine Funct Genom Lab,Vet Serv,Hydrol & Remote S, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. EM clifford.rice@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 21 BP 8806 EP 8813 DI 10.1021/jf070953h PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 219TH UT WOS:000250110600071 PM 17892259 ER PT J AU Buchsbaum, AF Schaefer, EJ Dansinger, ML AF Buchsbaum, Aaron F. Schaefer, Ernst J. Dansinger, Michael L. TI Baseline dietary glycemic load as a predictor of weight loss on the Atkins, zone, weight watchers and Ornish diets SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 04-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Buchsbaum, Aaron F.; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Dansinger, Michael L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 116 IS 16 SU S MA 2368 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 223TD UT WOS:000250394302371 ER PT J AU Moffet, CA Pierson, FB Robichaud, PR Spaeth, KE Hardegree, SP AF Moffet, Corey A. Pierson, Frederick B. Robichaud, Peter R. Spaeth, Kenneth E. Hardegree, Stuart P. TI Modeling soil erosion on steep sagebrush rangeland before and after prescribed fire SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE WEPP; rill erosion; darcy-weisbach roughness; shear stress; rill erodibility; rill width ID SHRUBLANDS; WILDFIRE; RUNOFF; AREAS AB Fire in sagebrush rangelands significantly alters canopy cover, ground cover, and soil properties which influence runoff and erosion processes. Runoff can be generated more quickly and in larger volume following fire resulting in increased risk of severe erosion and downstream flooding. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was developed to predict erosion on cropland, forest, and rangeland. WEPP is a tool that has potential to model the effect of fire on hillslope hydrological processes and help managers address erosion and runoff risks following fire. Experimental results on a steep (35 to 50% slope) sagebrush site suggest that rill erosion is the dominant erosion process following fire and the WEPP parameterization equations related to the rill erosion process need improvements. Rill detachment estimates could be improved by modifying regression-estimated values of rill erodibility. Also, the interactions of rill width and surface roughness on soil shear stress estimates may also need to be modified. In this paper we report the effects of prescribed fire on runoff, soil erosion, and rill hydraulics and compare WEPP estimated erosion for several modeling options with measured erosion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Boise, ID 83423 USA. NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Natl Cent Technol Support Ctr, USDA Natl Resources Conserv Serv, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Boise, ID 83423 USA. EM cmoffet@pw.ars.usda.gov; fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov; probichaud@fs.fed.us; ken.spaeth@ftw.nrcs.usda.gov; shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.03.008 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 220YJ UT WOS:000250192900005 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Elliot, WJ Pierson, FB Hall, DE Moffet, CA AF Robichaud, P. R. Elliot, W. J. Pierson, F. B. Hall, D. E. Moffet, C. A. TI Predicting postfire erosion and mitigation effectiveness with a web-based probabilistic erosion model SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE sediment yield; wildfire; WEPP; FSWEPP; ERMiT AB The decision of where, when, and how to apply the most effective postfire erosion mitigation treatments requires land managers to assess the risk of damaging runoff and erosion events occurring after a fire. To meet this challenge, the Erosion Risk Management Tool (ERMiT) was developed. ERMiT is a web-based application that uses the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) technology to estimate erosion, in probabilistic terms, on burned and recovering forest, range, and chaparral lands with and without the application of mitigation treatments. User inputs are processed by ERMiT to combine rain event variability with spatial and temporal variabilities of hillslope burn severity and soil properties, which are then used as WEPP input parameter values. Based on 20 to 40 individual WEPP runs, ERMiT produces a distribution of rain event erosion rates with a probability of occurrence for each of five postfire years. In addition, rain event erosion rate distributions are generated for postfire hillslopes that have been treated with seeding, straw mulch, and erosion barriers such as contour-felled logs or straw wattles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us; welliot@fs.fed.us; fpierson@mvrc.ars.us; dehall@fs.fed.us; cmoffet@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.03.003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 220YJ UT WOS:000250192900006 ER PT J AU Metslaid, M Jogiste, K Nikinmaa, E Moser, WK Porcar-Castell, A AF Metslaid, Marek Jogiste, Kalev Nikinmaa, Eero Moser, W. Keith Porcar-Castell, Albert TI Tree variables related to growth response and acclimation of advance regeneration of Norway spruce and other coniferous species after release SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of Forest Disturbances 2005 CY SEP 28-30, 2005 CL Palanga, LITHUANIA SP Nordic Forest Res Cooperat Comm, Lithuanian Forest Res Inst, Estonian Univ Life Sci DE acclimation; advance regeneration; conifers; morphological characteristics; Norway spruce; release ID PICEA-ABIES STANDS; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; SHADE TOLERANCE; SHOOT STRUCTURE; NATURAL REGENERATION; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; OVERSTORY REMOVAL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; ASSIMILATIVE SURFACE AB Modern forestry has been evolving towards multiple-use of forests and maintenance of biodiversity. Interest in integrating natural forest dynamics into management planning and silvicultural practices has increased as a result of concerns related to biodiversity values and maintaining ecological functions in managed forests. Taking advantage of naturally formed advance regeneration to create a new forest is one way of emulating natural forest dynamics, especially in spruce forests. However, efficient use of advance regeneration requires knowledge about factors influencing their performance. Light is important for growth and for crown, shoot and needle morphology of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Crown morphology varies from a conical and deep crown form in relatively high-light environments to the typical "umbrella" form in the understorey shade. Shoots and needles developed in shade are flatter and experience less self-shading than those developed in more light. Needle orientation is horizontal in shade and more vertically inclined in light. The number of nodal and internodal branches increases with increasing light. Tree shoot characteristics are strongly correlated and highly dependent on growing conditions, particularly light. There is a correlation between shoot and needle mass and other shoot variables of current and consecutive year's growth. The strongest correlations are between length of the shoot and needle mass of the shoot, and the length of the shoot and number of needles on the shoot. Needle length was not as sensitive to the light environment. However, needle width and thickness increased with canopy openness. This paper presents a review of selected literature on the relationships between different tree variables and ecophysiological factors that influence the response and acclimation of Norway spruce advance regeneration to release. The results indicate that crown, shoot and needle characteristics could reflect the acclimation to light conditions and indicate the performance of advance regeneration after release. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Metslaid, M (reprint author), Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM Marek.Metslaid@emu.ee OI Porcar-Castell, Albert/0000-0003-1357-9982; Nikinmaa, Eero/0000-0003-4956-3069 NR 73 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 250 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.009 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 218TD UT WOS:000250036900008 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Goodrick, SL Outcalt, KW AF Stanturf, John A. Goodrick, Scott L. Outcalt, Kenneth W. TI Disturbance and coastal forests: A strategic approach to forest management in hurricane impact zones SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of Forest Disturbances 2005 CY SEP 28-30, 2005 CL Palanga, LITHUANIA SP Nordic Forest Res Cooperat Comm, Lithuanian Forest Res Inst, Estonian Univ Life Sci DE risk assessment; loblolly pine; longleaf pine; bottomland hardwood forests; deepwater swamp forests; disturbance regimes ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NATURAL CATASTROPHE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GULF-COAST; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB The Indian Ocean Tsunami focused world attention on societal responses to environmental hazards and the potential of natural systems to moderate disturbance effects. Coastal areas are critical to the welfare of up to 50% of the world's population. Coastal systems in the southern United States are adapted to specific disturbance regimes of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and fire. In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused what has been termed the most costly natural disaster in U.S. history, including an estimated $2 billion to $3 billion in damage from wind alone. A total of 2.23 million ha of timberland in the coastal states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama was damaged. Although financial loss estimates are incomplete, there is little doubt that these hurricanes caused extensive damage and their effects on the landscape will linger for years to come. Crafting a strategy for incorporating large, infrequent disturbances into a managed landscape such as the forested coastal plain of the southern U.S. must balance the desirable with the possible. We advance an adaptive strategy that distinguishes event risk (hurricane occurrence) from vulnerability of coastal forests and outcome risk (hurricane severity). Our strategy focuses on managing the disturbance event, the system after disturbance, and the recovery process, followed by modifying initial conditions to reduce vulnerability. We apply these concepts to a case study of the effects of recent Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on forests of the coastal plain of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jstanturf@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 100 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 250 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.015 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 218TD UT WOS:000250036900015 ER PT J AU Doolittle, JA Minzenmayer, FE Waltman, SW Benham, EC Tuttle, JW Peaslee, SD AF Doolittle, J. A. Minzenmayer, F. E. Waltman, S. W. Benham, E. C. Tuttle, J. W. Peaslee, S. D. TI Ground-penetrating radar soil suitability map of the conterminous United States SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE electrical conductivity; ground-penetrating radar; GPR; soil database; soil maps; STATSGO AB The performance of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in soils strongly depends on soil electrical conductivity. Soils having high electrical conductivity rapidly attenuate radar energy, which restricts penetration depths and severely limits the effectiveness of GPR. Factors influencing the electrical conductivity of soils include the amount and type of salts in solution and the clay content. The Ground-Penetrating Radar Soil Suitability Map of the Conterminous United States is a thematic map showing the relative suitability of soils for GPR applications within comparatively large areas of the United States. This map is based on over twenty-five years of field observations made throughout the United States and soil attribute data contained in the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. Attribute data used to determine the suitability of soils include taxonomic criteria, clay content, salinity, sodium absorption ratio, and calcium carbonate content. Based on additional testing, several GPR specific adjustments have been made. This paper describes these revisions and outlines the procedures used to develop the revised map. The revised map limits areas that are rated as being "Unsuited" for GPR to saline and sodic soils, reassesses calcareous and gypsiferous soils, and provides a mineralogy override for soils with low activity clays. This map can be used to assess the relative appropriateness of GPR for soil investigations within comparatively large areas of the conterminous United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, NRCS NSSC, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Cartog & Geospatial Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. W Virginia Univ, USDA, NRCS, Natl Geospatial Dev Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Wilkesboro, NC 28697 USA. RP Doolittle, JA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS NSSC, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jdoolittle@lin.usda.gov; fred.minzenmayer@lin.usda.gov; sharon.waltman@wv.usda.gov; ellis.benham@lin.usda.gov; wes.tuttle@nc.usda.gov; steve.peaslee@lin.usda.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 141 IS 3-4 BP 416 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.05.015 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 218TW UT WOS:000250038900025 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Finkenstadt, VL Liu, CK Jin, T Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, L. S. Finkenstadt, V. L. Liu, C.-K. Jin, T. Fishman, M. L. Hicks, K. B. TI Preparation of poly(lactic acid) and pectin composite films intended for applications in antimicrobial packaging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; biopolymers; composites; extrusion; films ID LACTIC-ACID; POLYLACTIC ACID; DRUG-DELIVERY; SURVIVAL; BLENDS; NISIN AB A pectin and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite was compounded by extrusion. A model antimicrobial polypeptide, nisin, was loaded into the composite by diffusion. The incorporation of pectin into PLA resulted in a heterogeneous biphasic structure, as revealed by scanning electronic microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and fracture-acoustic emission. The incorporation of pectin also created a rough and cragged surface, which was hydrophilic and facilitated the access and absorption of nisin. The nisin-loaded composite suppressed Lactobacillus plantarion growth, as indicated by agar diffusion and liquid-phase culture tests. The incorporation of pectin at the concentration of similar to 200% of the total mass did not alter the Young's modulus of the film from that of the pure PLA. The composite materials were able to retain their tensile strength, flexibility, and toughness to an extent that satisfied the requirements for packaging materials. Results from this research indicate the potential of pectin/PLA composites for applications in antimicrobial packaging. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats OIls & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 18 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 2 BP 801 EP 810 DI 10.1002/app.26590 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 202GY UT WOS:000248891200011 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Cohen, WB Schroeder, TA AF Kennedy, Robert E. Cohen, Warren B. Schroeder, Todd A. TI Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE change detection; Landsat; forest; clear-cut; partial-cut; curve-fitting; Oregon ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LAND-COVER CHANGE; MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY; CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; TM TASSELED CAP; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TIME-SERIES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; SPATIAL SCALES AB Satellite sensors are well suited to monitoring changes on the Earth's surface through provision of consistent and repeatable measurements at a spatial scale appropriate for many processes causing change on the land surface. Here, we describe and test a new conceptual approach to change detection of forests using a dense temporal stack of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. The central premise of the method is the recognition that many phenomena associated with changes in land cover have distinctive temporal progressions both before and after the change event, and that these lead to characteristic temporal signatures in spectral space. Rather than search for single change events between two dates of imagery, we instead search for these idealized signatures in the entire temporal trajectory of spectral values. This trajectory-based change detection is automated, requires no screening of non-forest area, and requires no metric-specific threshold development. Moreover, the method simultaneously provides estimates of discontinuous phenomena (disturbance date and intensity) as well as continuous phenomena (post-disturbance regeneration). We applied the method to a stack of 18 Landsat TM images for the 20-year period from 1984 to 2004. When compared with direct interpreter delineation of disturbance events, the automated method accurately labeled year of disturbance with 90% overall accuracy in clear-cuts and with 77% accuracy in partial-cuts (thinnings). The primary source of error in the method was misregistration of images in the stack, suggesting that higher accuracies are possible with better registration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robertkennedy@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 189 Z9 210 U1 11 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 3 BP 370 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.010 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 210LB UT WOS:000249456600008 ER PT J AU Gimenez, G Florin-Christensen, M Belaunzaran, ML Isola, ELD Suarez, CE Florin-Christensen, J AF Gimenez, Guadalupe Florin-Christensen, Monica Belaunzaran, Maria L. Isola, Elvira L. D. Suarez, Carlos E. Florin-Christensen, Jorge TI Evidence for a relationship between bovine erythrocyte lipid membrane peculiarities and immune pressure from ruminal ciliates SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phospholipids; antibodies; erythrocytes; bovines; ciliates ID PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; TETRAHYMENA; PHOSPHONOLIPIDS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; AUTOANTIBODIES; ORGANIZATION; ANTIBODIES; RECOGNIZE; ANALOGS; ENZYMES AB Erythrocytes of bovines and other ruminants have a strikingly anomalous phospholipid composition, with low or absent phosphatidylcholine (PC) together with high sphingomyelin (SM) content. Here, we report the presence in normal bovine serum of high levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies of IgM isotype against, PC and the phosphono analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine, aminoethylphosphonolipid (AEPL), normally produced by rumen ciliates. In contrast, no antibodies were detected against SM or N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), the major components of bovine erythrocytes. In addition, we found that exposure of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila to bovine serum results in rapid lysis, an effect that was inhibited by adsorption of the serum with SM/AEPL liposomes. Furthermore, incubation with bovine serum had a similar effect on freshly obtained ruminal ciliates, and the lytic activity was eliminated by pre-adsorption of the serum with SM/PE liposomes. The ruminant mode of life with its concomitant ciliate fauna is hereby linked to the peculiar conformation of bovine erythrocyte membranes. We propose that the unique phospholipid composition of bovine erythrocytes appears as an evolutionary adaptation to tolerate the lytic effects of anti-phospholipid antibodies generated against AEPL, a membrane component of the huge mass of ruminal ciliates, necessary commensals of this group of mammals. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Parasitol & Immunol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Washington State Univ, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gimenez, G (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Parasitol & Immunol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM lipiprot@fmed.uba.ar NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.05.012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 218NM UT WOS:000250022200001 PM 17628698 ER PT J AU Thacker, TC Palmer, MV Waters, WR AF Thacker, Tyler C. Palmer, Mitchell V. Waters, W. Ray TI Associations between cytokine gene expression and pathology in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; cattle; bovine tuberculosis; cytokine; pathology; tuberculosis ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; GAMMA-INTERFERON; TUBERCULOSIS; VACCINATION; IMMUNOLOGY; KINETICS; CELLS; MODEL AB An impediment to the development of efficacious vaccines for bovine tuberculosis has been the failure to demonstrate strong associations between immune function and protective immunity. Cytokine gene expression in response to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection was evaluated to identify correlates of immunity. Ten Holstein calves were infected with M. bovis by intratonsillar inoculation. Five uninfected animals served as controls. At 15, 30, 60 and 85 days post-infection (dpi) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated with either purified protein derivative of M. bovis (PPD), a recombinant fusion protein comprised of 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target and 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen (rESAT6:CFP10), or PBS. After a 16 h incubation period, total leukocyte RNA was isolated and gene expression evaluated using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. In addition, gene expression adjacent to gross lesion in the retropharyngeal lymph node (LN) was analyzed. Pathology was evaluated at necropsy. Expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 by PBMC increased in response to infection, whereas, IL-10 expression decreased. Differences in gene expression between PBMC from infected and uninfected animals was greatest at 30 dpi. Infected animals were divided into two groups based on pathology. Animals in the low pathology group had lesions primarily in LN of the head; whereas, animals in the high pathology group also had lesions in the lungs and lung associated LN. Gene expression in PBMC and LN was compared between animals in the high and low pathology groups. Cells from animals in the high pathology group expressed more IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 than did animals in the low pathology group at early time points. IL-10 gene expression decreased with time in PBMC from animals in the high pathology group. At 85 dpi, animals in the high pathology group expressed twofold less IL-10 mRNA than did animals in the low pathology group and the uninfected controls. IFN-gamma and iNOS gene expression were significantly greater in tissues from infected animals compared to tissues from uninfected animals. The pathological outcome of M. bovis infection of cattle may be established early after infection since expression of both the TH1 and TH2 cytokines were differentially expressed by animals in the high and low pathology groups at early time points. In addition, more robust immunological responses were associated with increased pathology. These results suggest that early immune responses play a critical role in establishing the pathological outcome. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Thacker, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tyler.thacker@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.05.009 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 218NM UT WOS:000250022200005 PM 17628695 ER PT J AU Agam, N Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Li, FQ Colaizzi, PD AF Agam, Nurit Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Li, Fuqin Colaizzi, Paul D. TI Utility of thermal sharpening over Texas high plains irrigated agricultural fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; MODEL; INDEX; IMAGERY; FIFE AB [1] Irrigated crop production in the Texas high plains (THP) is dependent on water extracted from the Ogallala Aquifer, an area suffering from sever water shortage. Water management in this area is therefore highly important. Thermal satellite imagery at high temporal (similar to daily) and high spatial (similar to 100 m) resolutions could provide important surface boundary conditions for vegetation stress and water use monitoring, mainly through energy balance models such as DisALEXI. At present, however, no satellite platform collects such high spatiotemporal resolution data. The objective of this study is to examine the utility of an image sharpening technique (TsHARP) for retrieving land surface temperature at high spatial resolution (down to 60 m) from moderate spatial resolution (1 km) imagery, which is typically available at higher (similar to daily) temporal frequency. A simulated sharpening experiment was applied to Landsat 7 imagery collected over the THP in September 2002 to examine its utility over both agricultural and natural vegetation cover. The Landsat thermal image was aggregated to 960 m resolution and then sharpened to its native resolution of 60 m and to various intermediate resolutions. The algorithm did not provide any measurable improvement in estimating high-resolution temperature distributions over natural land cover. In contrast, TsHARP was shown to retrieve high-resolution temperature information with good accuracy over much of the agricultural area within the scene. However, in recently irrigated fields, TsHARP could not reproduce the temperature patterns. Therefore we conclude that TsHARP is not an adequate substitute for 100-m-scale observations afforded by the current Landsat platforms. Should the thermal imager be removed from follow-on Landsat platforms, we will lose valuable capacity to monitor water use at the field scale, particularly in many agricultural regions where the typical field size is similar to 100 x 100 m. In this scenario, sharpened thermal imagery from instruments like MODIS or VIIRS would be the suboptimal alternative. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Agam, N (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nurit.agam@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D19 AR D19110 DI 10.1029/2007JD008407 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221HZ UT WOS:000250219300003 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Guerrero, FD Pertea, G Nene, VM AF Wang, Minghua Guerrero, Felix D. Pertea, Geo Nene, Vishvanath M. TI Global comparative analysis of ESTs from the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; ERADICATION; EVOLUTION; PARASITES; LIVESTOCK; PROTEINS; DATABASE AB Background: The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus, is an economically important parasite of cattle and can transmit several pathogenic microorganisms to its cattle host during the feeding process. Understanding the biology and genomics of R. microplus is critical to developing novel methods for controlling these ticks. Results: We present a global comparative genomic analysis of a gene index of R. microplus comprised of 13,643 unique transcripts assembled from 42,512 expressed sequence tags ( ESTs), a significant fraction of the complement of R. microplus genes. The source material for these ESTs consisted of polyA RNA from various tissues, lifestages, and strains of R. microplus, including larvae exposed to heat, cold, host odor, and acaricide. Functional annotation using RPS-Blast analysis identified conserved protein domains in the conceptually translated gene index and assigned GO terms to those database transcripts which had informative BlastX hits. Blast Score Ratio and SimiTri analysis compared the conceptual transcriptome of the R. microplus database to other eukaryotic proteomes and EST databases, including those from 3 ticks. The most abundant protein domains in BmiGI were also analyzed by SimiTri methodology. Conclusion: These results indicate that a large fraction of BmiGI entries have no homologs in other sequenced genomes. Analysis with the PartiGene annotation pipeline showed 64% of the members of BmiGI could not be assigned GO annotation, thus minimal information is available about a significant fraction of the tick genome. This highlights the important insights in tick biology which are likely to result from a tick genome sequencing project. Global comparative analysis identified some tick genes with unexpected phylogenetic relationships which detailed analysis attributed to gene losses in some members of the animal kingdom. Some tick genes were identified which had close orthologues to mammalian genes. Members of this group would likely be poor choices as targets for development of novel tick control technology. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Wang, Minghua] Lorus Therapeut Inc, Toronto, ON M9W 4Z7, Canada. [Pertea, Geo; Nene, Vishvanath M.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Minghua.Wang@yahoo.com; felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov; gpertea@umiacs.umd.edu; vnene@som.umaryland.edu NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 368 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-368 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 240DD UT WOS:000251566400001 PM 17935616 ER PT J AU Cox-Foster, DL Conlan, S Holmes, EC Palacios, G Evans, JD Moran, NA Quan, PL Briese, T Hornig, M Geiser, DM Martinson, V vanEngelsdorp, D Kalkstein, AL Drysdale, A Hui, J Zhai, JH Cui, LW Hutchison, SK Simons, JF Egholm, M Pettis, JS Lipkin, WI AF Cox-Foster, Diana L. Conlan, Sean Holmes, Edward C. Palacios, Gustavo Evans, Jay D. Moran, Nancy A. Quan, Phenix-Lan Briese, Thomas Hornig, Mady Geiser, David M. Martinson, Vince vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Kalkstein, Abby L. Drysdale, Andrew Hui, Jeffrey Zhai, Junhui Cui, Liwang Hutchison, Stephen K. Simons, Jan Fredrik Egholm, Michael Pettis, Jeffery S. Lipkin, W. Ian TI A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee colony collapse disorder SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INSECT TRYPANOSOMATIDS; APIS-MELLIFERA; DIVERSITY AB In colony collapse disorder (CCD), honey bee colonies inexplicably lose their workers. CCD has resulted in a loss of 50 to 90% of colonies in beekeeping operations across the United States. The observation that irradiated combs from affected colonies can be repopulated with naive bees suggests that infection may contribute to CCD. We used an unbiased metagenomic approach to survey microflora in CCD hives, normal hives, and imported royal jelly. Candidate pathogens were screened for significance of association with CCD by the examination of samples collected from several sites over a period of 3 years. One organism, Israeli acute paralysis virus of bees, was strongly correlated with CCD. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10032 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Insect Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Plant Ind Apiculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil2001@columbia.edu RI Moran, Nancy/G-1591-2010; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; Cox-Foster, Diana/L-1538-2013; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; Conlan, Sean/B-4401-2008 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552; Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Conlan, Sean/0000-0001-6848-3465 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54AI57158, U01AI070411] NR 21 TC 790 Z9 838 U1 47 U2 489 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5848 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1126/science.1146498 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219LG UT WOS:000250086100050 PM 17823314 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ King, DJ Afonso, CL Suarez, DL AF Miller, Patti J. King, Daniel J. Afonso, Claudio L. Suarez, David L. TI Antigenic differences among Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation affect viral shedding after a virulent challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; exotic newcastle disease; immunity ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PROTEIN GENE; FUSION-GENE; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; RECOMBINANT; ANTIBODIES AB Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be separated into genotypes based on genome differences even though they are antigenically considered to be of a single serotype. It is widely recognized that an efficacious Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine made with any NDV does induce protection against morbidity and mortality from a virulent NDV challenge. However, those ND vaccines do not protect vaccinates from infection and viral shed from such a challenge. Vaccines prepared from ND viruses corresponding to five different genotypes were compared to determine if the phylogenetic distance between vaccine and challenge strain influences the protection induced and the amount of challenge virus shed. Six groups of 4-week-old specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens were given oil-adjuvanted vaccines prepared from one of five different inactivated ND viruses including strains B I, Ulster, CA02, Pigeon84, Alaska196, or an allantoic fluid control. Three weeks post-vaccination, serum was analyzed for antibody content using a hemagglutination inhibition assay against each of the vaccine anti-ens and a commercial NDV ELISA. After challenge with virulent CA02, the birds were examined daily for morbidity and mortality and were monitored at selected intervals for virus shedding. All vaccines except for the control induced greater than 90% protection to clinical disease and mortality. The vaccine homologous with the challenge virus reduced oral shedding significantly more than the heterologous vaccines. NDV vaccines formulated to be phylogenetically closer to potential outbreak viruses may provide better ND control by reducing virus transmission from infected birds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.suarez@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 41 BP 7238 EP 7246 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.017 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 224NY UT WOS:000250454900028 PM 17719150 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Xu, JY AF Mohamed, Abdellatif A. Xu, Jingyuan TI Thermal and kinetic properties of poly(lactic acid) and transglutaminase-crosslinked wheat gluten blends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crosslinked; gluten; poly(lactic) acid; biodegradable blend; kinetics; Gordon-Taylor; Fox ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; 11S GLOBULIN; SOY PROTEIN; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; LINKING; MISCIBILITY; POLYCAPROLACTONE; SUBFRACTIONS; POLYMERS AB Wheat gluten (10 g) was crosslinked (XL) using 10 units of transglutaminase. Different blends of XL gluten and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were mixed in a Brabender mixer at 180 degrees C for 10 min. Neat PLA and blends were analyzed using modulated DSC (MDSC). Neat PLA displayed a glass transition (T-g) and exothermic (Cry) followed by endothermic (Mel) transitions. The profile showed a T-g of 0.46 J/g/degrees C, Cry with 29.9 J/g, whereas Mel exhibited 28.7 J/g. XL wheat gluten displayed one T-g with 0.45 J/g/degrees C. Samples were subjected to repeated heating and cooling cycles to show the level of compatibility between the two polymers. The activation energy (E-a) and pre-exponential factor (Z) were determined according to Borchardt and Daniels (B/D) kinetics approach. The blends showed increased E-a values with an increase in the amount of XL gluten. In the presence of 5 and 20%, XL gluten, the E-a of PLA increased from 150 to 200 kJ/mol, respectively. A higher number of cycles caused an increase in E-a. The T-g temperature of different PLA/XL gluten blends can be predicted by Gordon-Taylor equation and its modified forms. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cerea Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cerea Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 1 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1002/app.26468 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 198EN UT WOS:000248609900028 ER PT J AU Lunger, AN McLean, E Gaylord, TG Kuhn, D Craig, SR AF Lunger, Angela N. McLean, E. Gaylord, T. G. Kuhn, D. Craig, S. R. TI Taurine supplementation to alternative dietary proteins used in fish meal replacement enhances growth of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE amino acid; alternate proteins; yeast; quality; fish meal replacement ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; UNDERIVATIZED AMINO-ACIDS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOYBEAN-MEAL; RED DRUM; FEED INGREDIENTS; WHOLE-BODY; PERFORMANCE AB Two separate 8 week feeding trials were conducted to examine the impacts of fish meal replacement with an organically certifiable yeast-based protein source with and without supplementation of methionine, tryptophan, and taurine to diets for juvenile cobia. In the first trial, diets were formulated to contain 41 % crude protein and 13% lipid, and a yeast-based protein replaced fish meal at 50 and 75% of dietary protein with and without supplemental taurine at 0.5 g/100 g dry diet. The control diet contained 100% herring fish meal. Methionine and tryptophan were added to all diets except the control to resemble the amino acid profile of fish meal. Results from this study indicated that fish fed diets supplemented with taurine exhibited significantly higher weight gain and better feed efficiencies than all other fish. Diet significantly impacted biological indices such as muscle ratio (MR), visceral somatic index (VSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). The 75% yeast-based protein diet without taurine returned the lowest MR values and the highest VSI and HSI values. In the second trial, diets were formulated to contain 43% crude protein and 11% lipid, with the control diet containing 100% herring fish meal and the same yeast-based protein replacing fish meal at 50, 75, and 100% of dietary protein. All diets except the control were supplemented with taurine at 0.5 g/100 g dry diet. Results from this study indicated that increasing amount of yeast-based protein led to decreased weight gains and feed efficiencies regardless of taurine supplementation. However, weight gain and feed efficiencies did increase when compared to a previous study [Lunger, AN, McLean, E., Craig, S.R., 2007. The effects of organic protein supplementation upon growth, feed conversion and texture quality parameters in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture 264, 342-352] using identical diet formulations except for taurine supplementation. MR values tended to decrease while VSI and HSI values tended to increase with increasing fish meal replacement. It is obvious from the results from both of the present studies that taurine supplementation does have a significant impact on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile cobia when they are fed diets containing high levels of plant-based proteins as replacements for fish meal. Additionally, alternate proteins, especially those of plant and yeast-based origin can be incorporated at very high levels in diets for cobia with proper amino acid supplementation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Va Md Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Virginia Tech Aquaculture Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, ARS, PWA, SGPGRU,Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Craig, SR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Va Md Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM scraig@vt.edu OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 46 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 3 PY 2007 VL 271 IS 1-4 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.006 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 216JP UT WOS:000249874600042 ER PT J AU Qin, R Gao, S Hanson, BD Mcdonald, JA Trout, TJ Ajwa, H AF Qin, Ruijun Gao, Suduan Hanson, Bradley D. Mcdonald, Jason A. Trout, Thomas J. Ajwa, Husein TI Effect of drip application of ammonium thiosulfate on fumigant degradation in soil columns SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; ammonium thlosulfate; low permeability tarps; fumigant degradation; drip application ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; TRANSFORMATION; CHLOROPICRIN; SIMULATIONS; IRRIGATION AB Low permeability tarps can effectively minimize fumigant emissions while improving fumigation efficacy by retaining fumigants under the tarp. However, when planting holes are cut through the tarps, high-concentration fumigants may be released and result in environmental and worker safety hazards. In a 11-day column study, we explored the effect of drip irrigation application of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) on 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) degradation in soil. Decrease of 1,3-D and CP concentrations in soil-gas phase followed a three-parameter logistic equation for all treatments. It was slowest in the control with a half-life (t(1/2)) of 86.0 h for 1,3-D and of 16.3 h for CP and most rapid when ATS was applied at 4:1 ATS/fumigant molar ratio with a half-life of 9.5 h for 1,3-D and of 5.5 h for CP. Our results indicate that applying ATS via the drip-irrigation systems to soil can accelerate fumigant degradation in soil and thus reduce emissions. This technical solution may be applicable in raised-bed strawberry production where drip-application of fumigants under tarps has become common. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Res Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Qin, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rqin@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 3 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 20 BP 8193 EP 8199 DI 10.1021/jf071946w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216IG UT WOS:000249871100031 PM 17848085 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, CT Wang, CY Chen, P AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Chi-Tsun Wang, Chien Y. Chen, Pei TI Resveratrol content in strawberry fruit is affected by preharvest conditions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.); resveratrol; growth temperature; compost; methyl jasmonate; cultural system; carbon dioxide; temperature ID LDL OXIDATION; RED WINE; TRANS-RESVERATROL; METHYL JASMONATE; PLANT-GROWTH; GRAPES; INHIBITION; PROTECTION; PHENOLICS; RESPONSES AB This study investigated the occurrence of resveratrol in Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne and the effect of preharvest conditions on resveratrol content. Both cis- and trans-resveratrol were detected in strawberry achenes (seeds) and pulp (receptacle tissue). Resveratrol was found to be higher in achenes than in fruit pulp. The levels of resveratrol were affected by genotype variations, fruit maturation, cultural practices, and environmental conditions. High growing temperature (25 and 30 degrees C) or enriched CO2 in the atmosphere significantly enhanced resveratrol content of strawberries. Advancing maturation also increased resveratrol content. The mature pulp and achenes contained higher amounts of resveratrol than the immature fruit. Adding compost as a soil supplement or preharvest application of methyl jasmonate (MJ) also significantly enhanced the level of resveratrol in strawberry fruit. Among the plants grown in hill plasticulture, fruits of 'Ovation (B28)', 'Mohawwk', 'Earliglow', and 'B35' had higher amounts of resveratrol than fruits of other genotypes. 'Ovation' contained the highest amount of resveratrol among strawberreis grown in matted row, whereas 'Latestar' contained the least. Ten of 14 tested genotypes (all except 'Allstar', 'Delmarvel', 'Northeaster', and 'MEUS 8') had higher amounts of resveratrol when grown in hill plasticulture compared to matted row. C1 USDA, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Food Composit & Methods Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 3 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 20 BP 8269 EP 8274 DI 10.1021/jf071749x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 216IG UT WOS:000249871100041 PM 17803264 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Cheong, EJ Choi, IY Joung, YH AF Roh, Mark S. Cheong, Eun Ju Choi, Ik-Young Joung, Young Hee TI Characterization of wild Prunus yedoensis analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Yoshino cherry; P. x yedoensis; ISSR; chloroplast genes; indels; nomenclature ID YOSHINO CHERRY; CULTIVAR; ORIGIN AB This study was initiated to attempt clarify the identities of taxa referred to as Prunus yedoensis that grows under natural environments in Jeju, Korea and of Yoshino cherry hybrids of cultivated origin (also recorded as P. x yedoensis) in Japan, and to understand the difference between these two taxa. P. yedoensis and other species collected from natural habitats from Jeju, Korea and cultivated materials of Yoshino cherries from Tokyo and Washington, DC, we:re analyzed with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, and sequence analysis of two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genes, rpl16 and trnL-trnF spacer. Depending on the source of Yoshino cherry, accessions show variations with ISSR and cpDNA. Accessions belonging to each of P. serrulata var. spontanea, P. serrulata var. pubescens, and P. sargentii were grouped closely to R yedoensis and Yoshino cherry accessions. However, two Yoshino cherry accessions that include 'Akebono' showed the same rpl16 haplotype of A and A at the position of 113 and 206, respectively, which were found in 4 out of 16 R yedoensis accessions. Twelve accessions of P. yedoensis and 11 other Yoshino cherries showed rpl16 haplotype of T and A at these positions. P yedoensis native to Korea can be considered different from Yoshino cherry of hybrid origin from Japan based on ISSR markers and rpl16 haplotypes. Therefore, it may be concluded that the Korean taxon currently referred to as R yedoensis can be considered indigenous and sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a distinct entity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Dis Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, CALS, NICEM, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.06.005 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 219BL UT WOS:000250059600007 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Lee, AK Suh, JK AF Roh, Mark S. Lee, Ae Kyung Suh, Jeung Keun TI Induction of bulb maturity of Ornithogalum thyrsoides SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE 'Chesapeake Starlight'; flowering; forcing; bulb storage temperature; maturity induction; floral maturity ID INFLORESCENCE DEVELOPMENT; TEMPERATURE; HYBRID; STORAGE AB The influence of bulb maturity at bulb harvest on growth and flowering response of Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq. 'Chesapeake Starlight' was investigated. Experiments were designed to determine if bulb maturity can be induced by bulb storage temperatures and whether bulb maturity can be evaluated by flowering responses. Bulbs with all senesced leaves at harvest were considered "mature" or with emerging young leaves and regrowing young roots were considered "immature". Bulbs were potted after 0, 3, and 6 weeks of 30 degrees C or 2 weeks of 10 degrees C given either in the middle or at the end of 6 weeks of 30 degrees C. Mature bulbs, as compared to immature bulbs, took longer for leaves to emerge when control bulbs that did not receive any temperature treatment after harvest were planted upon harvest. Leaf emergence of the immature bulbs was significantly earlier than that of the mature bulbs. Mature bulbs which received 30 degrees C for 3 weeks (30 degrees C/3 week) flowered 31 days faster than immature bulbs and all bulbs flowered. Leaf emergence and flowering of mature and immature bulbs that received 30 degrees C/6 weeks or 2 weeks of 10 degrees C in the middle of 6 weeks of 30 degrees C (30 degrees C/2 weeks-10 degrees C/2 week-30 degrees C/3 weeks) did not differ from each other. Maturity can be induced by storing immature bulbs at 30 degrees C/6 weeks. Maturity, as evaluated by flowering percentage and days from leaf emergence to flowering, can be induced in O. thyrsoides. Immature bulbs can, therefore, be harvested for later forcing as long as bulbs are treated with 30 degrees C/6 weeks. It is proposed that maturity can be correlated with the speed of flowering and bulbs can be harvested at immature physiological state for forcing. Postharvest high-temperature treatment can be used to force immature bulbs that were harvested before the senescence of the leaves. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dankook Univ, Sch Bioresouces Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.06.004 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 219BL UT WOS:000250059600010 ER PT J AU McIntosh, MT Behan, SC Mohamed, FM Lu, ZQ Moran, KE Burrage, TG Neilan, JG Ward, GB Botti, G Capucci, L Metwally, SA AF McIntosh, Michael T. Behan, Shawn C. Mohamed, Fawzi M. Lu, Zhiqiang Moran, Karen E. Burrage, Thomas G. Neilan, John G. Ward, Gordon B. Botti, Giuliana Capucci, Lorenzo Metwally, Samia A. TI A pandemic strain of calicivirus threatens rabbit industries in the Americas SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; VACCINATED RABBITS; WILD RABBITS; RHDV; TRANSLATION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) is a severe acute viral disease specifically affecting the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. As the European rabbit is the predominant species of domestic rabbit throughout the world, RHD contributes towards significant losses to rabbit farming industries and endangers wild populations of rabbits in Europe and other predatory animals in Europe that depend upon rabbits as a food source. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus (RHDV) - a Lagovirus belonging to the family Caliciviridae is the etiological agent of RHD. Typically, RHD presents with sudden death in 70% to 95% of infected animals. There have been four separate incursions of RHDV in the USA, the most recent of which occurred in the state of Indiana in June of 2005. Animal inoculation studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the Indiana 2005 isolate, which caused acute death and pathological changes characterized by acute diffuse severe liver necrosis and pulmonary hemorrhages. Complete viral genome sequences of all USA outbreak isolates were determined and comparative genomics revealed that each outbreak was the result of a separate introduction of virus rather than from a single virus lineage. All of the USA isolates clustered with RHDV genomes from China, and phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein (VP60) revealed that they were related to a pandemic antigenic variant strain known as RHDVa. Rapid spread of the RHDVa pandemic suggests a selective advantage for this new subtype. Given its rapid spread, pathogenic nature, and potential to further evolve, possibly broadening its host range to include other genera native to the Americas, RHDVa should be regarded as a threat. C1 [McIntosh, Michael T.; Behan, Shawn C.; Mohamed, Fawzi M.; Moran, Karen E.; Ward, Gordon B.; Metwally, Samia A.] USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Lu, Zhiqiang; Burrage, Thomas G.; Neilan, John G.] Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Dept Homeland Secur, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Botti, Giuliana; Capucci, Lorenzo] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Lombardia & Emilia, I-25124 Brescia, Italy. RP McIntosh, MT (reprint author), USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM michael.t.mcintosh@aphis.usda.gov; behan.6@osu.edu; fawzi.m.mohamed@aphis.usda.gov; Zhiqiang.Lu@dhs.gov; Karen.E.Moran@aphis.usda.gov; thomas.burrage@dhs.gov; john.neilan@dhs.gov; gordon.b.ward@aphis.usda.gov; gbotti@bs.izs.it; lcapucci@bs.izs.it; samia.a.metwally@aphis.usda.gov NR 55 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 4 AR 96 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-4-96 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 243RX UT WOS:000251816100001 PM 17910765 ER PT J AU Eifler, DA Eifler, MA Eifler, EN AF Eifler, Douglas A. Eifler, Maria A. Eifler, Erin N. TI Habitat use and movement patterns in the graceful crag lizard, Pseudocordylus capensis SO AFRICAN ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lizard; Pseudocordylus; habitat use; fynbos; behaviour ID SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; CORDYLUS-MACROPHOLIS; CORDYLIFORM LIZARDS; ANOLIS LIZARDS; GIRDLED LIZARD; FORAGING-MODE; SEARCH; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES; DIET AB We characterized the habitat use and movement patterns of adult male, adult female and juvenile Pseudocordylus capensis, a diurnal, rock-dwelling, insectivorous lizard. Rock use was vertically stratified: males spent most of their time at local high points, females at mid-level on the rocks, and juveniles were typically in the lower regions. Movement patterns varied with demographic class as well: juveniles moved more frequently and spent a greater proportion of their time in motion than did adults, and the number of moves of different durations varied among the classes. Finally, juveniles scanned their surroundings and appeared to feed more frequently than adults. C1 Haskell Indian Nations Univ, USDA, Forest Serv Liaisons Off, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Eifler, DA (reprint author), Haskell Indian Nations Univ, USDA, Forest Serv Liaisons Off, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. EM daeifler@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI SCOTTSVILLE PA AFRICAN ZOOLOGY CIRCULATION OFFICE, UNIV KWAZULU-NATAL, SCHOOL BIOL & CONSERVATION SCI, P B X01, SCOTTSVILLE 3209, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1562-7020 J9 AFR ZOOL JI Afr. Zool. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.3377/1562-7020(2007)42[152:HUAMPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 224NK UT WOS:000250453500002 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Maul, JD Cooper, CM AF Smiley, Peter C. Maul, Jonathan D. Cooper, Charles M. TI Avian community structure among restored riparian habitats in northwestern Mississippi SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE avian communities; riparian zones; gully erosion; habitat restoration; erosion control; Mississippi ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; ENGLAND; EROSION; FORESTS; STRIPS; SCALE AB Riparian zones and agricultural fields adjacent to incised streams in northwestern Mississippi are impacted by gully erosion initiated by runoff flowing over unstable streambanks. Currently, installation of erosion control structures (drop pipes) at the riparian zone-agricultural field interface halts gully erosion and simultaneously establishes one of four riparian habitat types. Avian communities were compared among four types of restored habitats and among four seasonal periods in northwestern Mississippi from June 1994 to May 1996. Fifty-seven species were observed among riparian habitats, of which 49% were neotropical migrants. Habitat type and season significantly affected species richness, abundance, and diversity. Species richness, abundance, and diversity increased as habitat area, pool volume, and vertical structure of woody vegetation increased among riparian habitat types. Additionally, species richness, abundance, and diversity increased during spring and fall. The influence of habitat type on avian species richness, abundance, and diversity did not differ among seasons. Present drop pipe installation practices focus on erosion control without consideration of habitat creation. Installation practices can be altered to more effectively incorporate habitat creation to provide the greatest ecological benefits for avian communities within impacted riparian zones. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.028 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177ZS UT WOS:000247191600002 ER PT J AU Hansen, RD Williamson, DA Finnegan, TP Lloyd, BD Grady, JN Diamond, TH Smith, EUR Stavrinos, TM Thompson, MW Gwinn, TH Allen, BJ Smerdely, PI Diwan, AD Singh, NA Singh, MAF AF Hansen, Ross D. Williamson, Dominique A. Finnegan, Terence P. Lloyd, Brad D. Grady, Jodie N. Diamond, Terrence H. Smith, Emma U. R. Stavrinos, Theodora M. Thompson, Martin W. Gwinn, Tom H. Allen, Barry J. Smerdely, Peter I. Diwan, Ashish D. Singh, Nalin A. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Estimation of thigh muscle cross-sectional area by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in frail elderly patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BC 2005 Conference CY SEP, 2005 CL Southampton, ENGLAND DE sarcopenia; midthigh muscle mass; dual-energy; X-ray absorptiometry; hip fracture; frail elders ID FAT-FREE MASS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; LEG MUSCLE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; WEIGHT CHANGE; WOMEN; HEALTH; MEN; PERFORMANCE AB Background: Thigh muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) are useful indexes of sarcopenia and the response to treatment in older patients. Current criterion methods are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Objective: The objective was to compare thigh muscle mass estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a less expensive and more accessible method, with thigh muscle CSA determined by CT in a group of elderly patients recovering from hip fracture. Design: Midthigh muscle CSA (in cm(2)) was assessed from a 1-mm CT slice and midthigh muscle mass (g) from a 1.3-cm DXA slice in 30 patients (24 women) aged 81 +/- 8 y during 12 mo of follow-up. Fat-to-lean soft tissue ratios were calculated with each technique to permit direct comparison of a variable in the same units. Results: Baseline midthigh muscle CSA was highly correlated with midthigh muscle mass (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) such that DXA predicted CT-determined CSA with an SEE of 10 cm(2) (an error of approximate to 12% of the mean CSA value). CT- and DXA-determined ratios of midthigh fat to lean mass were similarly related (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87, P < 0.001). When data were expressed as the changes from baseline to follow-up, CT and DXA changes were weakly correlated (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.51, P 0.019). Conclusions: Assessment of sarcopenia by DXA midthigh slice is a potential low-radiation, accessible alternative to CT scanning of older patients. The errors inherent in this technique indicate, however, that it should be applied to groups of patients rather than to individuals or to evaluate the response to interventions. C1 Royal N Shore Hosp, Gastrointestinal Invest Unit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Royal N Shore Hosp, Ctr In Vivo body Composit, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. St George Hosp, Canc Care Ctr, Ctr Expt Radiat Oncol, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. Balmain Hosp, Balmain, Australia. Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Aged Care & Rehabil Med, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Tufts Univ, Hebrew Senior Life & Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hansen, RD (reprint author), Royal N Shore Hosp, Gastrointestinal Invest Unit, 11E, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. EM hansenr@med.usyd.edu.au NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 952 EP 958 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600010 PM 17921370 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Badaloo, A Villalpando, S Reid, M Forrester, T AF Jahoor, Farook Badaloo, Asha Villalpando, Salvador Reid, Marvin Forrester, Terrence TI Arginine flux and intravascular nitric oxide synthesis in severe childhood undernutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE arginine kinetics; nitric oxide; edematous severe childhood undernutrition; nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition; marasmus; kwashiorkor ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION; GLYCINE; NITRATE; SEPSIS; HUMANS AB Background: Although nutritionally dispensable amino acids are not essential in the diet, adequate synthesis is necessary for maintenance of good health. Whereas children with edematous severe childhood undernutrition (SCU) can maintain production rates of Glycine and serine despite a slower body protein breakdown rate, it is unknown whether the same is true for the semidispensable amino acid arginine. Objective: We aimed to measure arginine flux and intravascular nitric oxide synthesis in children with SCU. Design: Arginine flux and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of plasma nitrite plus nitrate were measured postabsorptively by using a 6-h infusion of [N-15(2)]-arginine in 2 groups of children with edematous (n = 14) or nonedematous (n = 7) SCU when they were infected and malnourished (postadmission day approximate to 3; clinical phase 1), when they were no longer infected (postadmission day approximate to 15; clinical phase 2), and when they were recovered (postadmission day approximate to 55; clinical phase 3). Results: Arginine flux was slower (P < 0.01) and plasma arginine concentrations were lower in the edematous group than in the nonedematous group at clinical phase 1. At clinical phase 2, flux doubled to a value that was not significantly different from the value at clinical phase 3. There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration or fractional or absolute synthesis rate of plasma nitrite plus nitrate between the groups at any clinical phase and among clinical phases within each group. Conclusion: Whereas children with nonedematous SCU can maintain arginine flux at the same rate as when recovered, children with edematous SCU cannot. The slower arginine flux was not, however, associated with slower nitric oxide synthesis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Res Inst Trop Med, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816; Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2R01 DK 056689] NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1031 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600020 PM 17921380 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Curtiss D. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Calcium requirements: new estimations for men and women by cross-sectional statistical analyses of calcium balance data from metabolic studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium intake; calcium excretion; calcium balance; calcium requirement ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; STATUS INDICATORS; DIETARY COPPER; ABSORPTION; BONE; MAGNESIUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; CALIBRATION; PHOSPHORUS; FRUCTOSE AB Background: Low intakes of calcium are associated with an increased risk of both osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To provide new estimates of the average calcium requirement for men and women, we determined the dietary calcium intake required to maintain neutral calcium balance. Design: Calcium balance data [calcium intake - (fecal calcium + urinary calcium)] were collected from 155 subjects [women: n = 73; weight: 77.1 +/- 18.5 kg; age: 47.0 +/- 18.5 y (range: 20-75 y); men: n = 82; weight: 76.6 +/- 12.5 kg; age: 28.2 +/- 7.7 y (range: 19-64 y)] who participated in 19 feeding studies conducted in a metabolic unit. Balance data from the final 6-12 d of each dietary period (minimum length: 18 d) of each study (1-9 observations per subject) were analyzed. Data were excluded if individual intakes of magnesium, copper, iron, phosphorus, or zinc fell below the estimated average requirements or exceeded the 99th percentile Of Usual intakes from the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (for iron, above the upper limit). Daily intakes of calcium ranged between 415 and 1740 mg. The relation between intake and output was examined by fitting random coefficient models. Coefficients were included to test for sex and age differences. Results: The models predicted a neutral calcium balance [defined as calcium output (Y) equal to calcium intake (C)] at intakes of 741 mg/d [95% prediction interval (PI): 507, 1035; Y = 148.29 + 0.80C] 9.4 mg . kg body wt(-1) . d(-1) [95% PI: 6.4 12.9; Y = 1.44 + 0.85C], or 0.28 mg . kcal(-1) . d(-1) [95% PI: 0.19, 0.38; Y = 0.051 + 0.816C]. Neither age nor sex affected the estimates when calcium intakes were expressed as mg/d or as mg . kg body wt(-1) . d(-1). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the calcium requirement for men and women is lower than previously estimated. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM curtiss.hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1063 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600024 PM 17921384 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Barnett, JB Dallal, GE Fine, BC Jacques, PF Leka, LS Hamer, DH AF Meydani, Simin N. Barnett, Junaidah B. Dallal, Gerard E. Fine, Basil C. Jacques, Paul F. Leka, Lynette S. Hamer, Davidson H. TI Serum zinc and pneumonia in nursing home elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE serum zinc; nursing home elderly; pneumonia; mortality; antibiotic use ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ALTERED IMMUNE FUNCTION; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH AB Background: Zinc plays an important role in immune function. The association between serum zinc and pneumonia in the elderly has not been studied. Objective: The objective was to determine whether serum zinc concentrations in nursing home elderly are associated with the incidence and duration of pneumonia, total and duration of antibiotic use, and pneumonia-associated and all-cause mortality. Design: This observational study was conducted in residents from 33 nursing homes in Boston, MA, who participated in a 1-y randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled vitamin E supplementation trial; all were given daily doses of 50% of the recommended dietary allowance of essential vitamins and minerals, including zinc. Participants with baseline (n = 578) or final (n = 420) serum zinc concentrations were categorized as having low (<70 mu g/dL) or normal (>= 70 mu g/dL) serum zinc concentrations. Outcome measures included the incidence and number of days with pneumonia, number of new antibiotic prescriptions, days of antibiotic use, death due to pneumonia, and all-cause mortality. Results: Compared with subjects with low zinc concentrations, subjects with normal final serum zinc concentrations had a lower incidence of pneumonia, fewer (by almost 50%) new antibiotic prescriptions, a shorter duration of pneumonia, and fewer days of antibiotic use (3.9 d compared with 2.6 d) (P <= 0.004 for all). Normal baseline serum zinc concentrations were associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (P = 0.049). Conclusion: Normal serum zinc concentrations in nursing home elderly are associated with a decreased incidence and duration of pneumonia, a decreased number of new antibiotic prescriptions, and a decrease in the days of antibiotic use. Zinc supplementation to maintain normal serum zinc concentrations in the elderly may help reduce the incidence of pneumonia and associated morbidity. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med,Nutr Infect Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Travel & Trop Med Practice, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG004390, 1R01-AG13975, P01 AG004390-24, R01 AG013975, R01 AG013975-05] NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1173 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600038 PM 17921398 ER PT J AU Fogli-Cawley, JJ Dwyer, JT Saltzman, E McCullough, ML Troy, LM Meigs, JB Jacques, PF AF Fogli-Cawley, Jeanene J. Dwyer, Johanna T. Saltzman, Edward McCullough, Marjorie L. Troy, Lisa M. Meigs, James B. Jacques, Paul F. TI The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of the metabolic syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary pattern; metabolic syndrome; Dietary Guidelines forAmericans; 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Index ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; HEALTHY EATING INDEX; BODY-MASS INDEX; A-I LEVELS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Background: The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans index (DGAI) was created to assess adherence to the dietary recommendations of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) in relation to chronic disease risk. Objective: The objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns consistent with the 2005 DGA as measured by the DGAI and both the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual MetS risk factors. Design: DGAI scores and metabolic risk factors for MetS were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 3177 participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. MetS was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, the DGAI score was inversely related to waist circumference (P for trend < 0.001), triacylglycerol concentration (P for trend = 0.005), both diastolic (P for trend = 0.002) and systolic (P for trend = 0.01) blood pressure, the prevalence of abdominal adiposity (P for trend < 0.001), and hyperglycemia (P for trend = 0.03). The prevalence of MetS was significantly lower in individuals in the highest DGAI quintile category than in those in the lowest category (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.88; P for trend = 0.005) when those being treated for any of the risk factors were excluded. There was a significant interaction between DGAI score and age; the association between the DGAI score and MetS was confined largely to adults younger than 55 y (odds ratio: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.92; P for trend < 0.01). Conclusions: A dietary pattern consistent with the 2005 DGA was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS-a potential risk factor for CVD. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Freidman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195] NR 46 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1201 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600042 PM 17921402 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Milton, RC Klein, R Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Milton, Roy C. Klein, Ronald Gensler, Gary Taylor, Allen TI Dietary carbohydrate and the progression of age-related macular degeneration: a prospective study from the age-related eye disease study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retina; nutrition; carbohydrate; diabetes; sugar; glycation; inflammation; aging; stress; epidemiology ID NUCLEAR LENS OPACITIES; FAILURE TIME DATA; GLYCEMIC INDEX; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; PROTEINS; EXPOSURE AB Background: Cross-sectional studies indicate that diets that provide a higher dietary glycemic index (dGI) are associated with a greater risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No prospective studies have addressed this issue. Objective: The objective was to prospectively evaluate the effect of baseline dGI on the progression of AMD. Design: dGI was calculated as the weighted average of GIs from foods and was evaluated as being above or below the sex median (women: 77.9; men: 79.3) for 3977 participants aged 55-80 y (58% women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. The 7232 eligible eyes without advanced AMD were classified into I of 3 AMD categories: group 1 (nonextensive small drusen), group 2 (intermediate drusen. extensive small drusen, or pigmentary abnormalities), or Group 3 (large drusen or extensive intermediate drusen). With the use of multifailure Cox proportional-hazards regression, we modeled the time to the maximal progression to evaluate the relation between dGI and the risk of AMD. Results: Overall, the multivariate-adjusted risk of progression over 8 y of follow-up ((x) over bar: 5.4 y) was significantly higher (risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.047) in the high-dGI group than in the low-dGI group. The risk of progression for groups 1, 2, and 3 eyes was 5%, 8%, and 17% greater, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). The latter gives an estimate that 7.8% of new advanced AMD cases would be prevented in 5 y if people consumed the low-dGI diet. Conclusion: Persons at risk of AMD progression, especially those at high risk of advanced AMD, may benefit from consuming a smaller amount of refined carbohydrates. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinat Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R03-EY014183-01A2]; PHS HHS [R01-13250] NR 33 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1210 EP 1218 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600044 PM 17921404 ER PT J AU Das, SK Roberts, SB AF Das, Sai Krupa Roberts, Susan B. TI Effects of glycemic load on weight loss in overwight adultsJ Brand-Miller - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID ADULTS; TRIAL; DIET C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Energy Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Energy Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1250 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220CN UT WOS:000250134600053 ER PT J AU Rutherford, S Cai, G Lopez-Alvarenga, JC Kent, JW Voruganti, VS Proffitt, JM Curran, JE Johnson, MP Dyer, TD Jowett, JB Bastarrachea, RA Atwood, LD Goring, HHH MacCluer, JW Moses, EK Blangero, J Comuzzie, AG Cole, SA AF Rutherford, Sue Cai, Guowen Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan C. Kent, Jack W., Jr. Voruganti, V. Saroja Proffitt, J. Michael Curran, Joanne E. Johnson, Mathew P. Dyer, Thomas D. Jowett, Jeremy B. Bastarrachea, Raul A. Atwood, Larry D. Goering, Harald H. H. MacCluer, Jean W. Moses, Eric K. Blangero, John Comuzzie, Anthony G. Cole, Shelley A. TI A chromosome 11q quantitative-trait locus influences change of blood-pressure measurements over time in Mexican Americans of the San Antonio family heart study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM; PULSE PRESSURE; DISEASE RISK; GENOME SCAN; HYPERTENSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PEDIGREES; MEN AB Although previous genome scans have searched for quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) influencing variation in blood pressure (BP), few have investigated the rate of change in BP over time as a phenotype. Here, we compare results from genomewide scans to localize QTLs for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BPs (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively) and for rates of change in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BPs (rSBP, rDBP, and rMBP, respectively), with use of the longitudinal data collected about Mexican Americans of the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). Significant evidence of linkage was found for rSBP (LOD 4.15) and for rMBP (LOD 3.94) near marker D11S4464 located on chromosome 11q24.1. This same chromosome 11q region also shows suggestive linkage to SBP (LOD 2.23) and MBP (LOD 2.37) measurements collected during the second clinic visit. Suggestive evidence of linkage to chromosome 5 was also found for rMBP, to chromosome 16 for rSBP, and to chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 7, and 21 for the single-time-point BP traits collected at the first two SAFHS clinic visits. We also present results from fine mapping the chromosome 11 QTL with use of SNP-association analysis within candidate genes identified from a bioinformatic search of the region and from whole-genome transcriptional expression data collected from 1,240 SAFHS participants. Our results show that the use of longitudinal BP data to calculate the rate of change in BP over time provides more information than do the single-time measurements, since they reveal physiological trends in the subjects that a single-time measurement could never capture. Further investigation of this region is necessary for the identification of the genetic variation responsible for QTLs influencing the rate of change in BP. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Int Diabet Inst, Caulfield, Australia. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Rutherford, S (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM srutherf@sfbrgenetics.org RI Jowett, Jeremy/A-3809-2009; Moses, Eric/A-3101-2010; OI Kent, Jack/0000-0002-0758-7639 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR013556, MO1-RR-01346, C06 RR13556, M01 RR001346]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL45522, P01 HL045522]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH59490, R37 MH059490, R01 MH059490] NR 49 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 744 EP 755 DI 10.1086/521151 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 208GK UT WOS:000249307600015 PM 17846999 ER PT J AU Cheema, B Abas, H Smith, B O'Sullivan, A Chan, M Patwardhan, A Kelly, J Gillin, A Pang, G Lloyd, B Singh, MF AF Cheema, Bobby Abas, Haifa Smith, Benjamin O'Sullivan, Anthony Chan, Maria Patwardhan, Aditi Kelly, John Gillin, Adrian Pang, Glen Lloyd, Brad Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI Randomized controlled trial of intradialytic resistance training to target muscle wasting in ESRD: The progressive exercise for anabolism in kidney disease (PEAK) study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE exercise; quality of life; dialysis; survival; mortality; standard of care ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; STRENGTH; PROTEIN; INSUFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; NUTRITION AB Background: To determine whether prolonged (24 weeks) intradialytic progressive resistance training (PRT) could counteract muscle wasting more effectively than short-duration training (12 weeks) in patients with end-stage renal disease. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting & Participants: 49 patients (age, 62.6 +/- 14.2 years; 0.3 to 16.7 years on hemodialysis therapy) were randomly assigned to PRT plus usual care for 24 weeks (24WK group) or a crossover control group that received usual care for the first 12 weeks, then PRT plus usual care for the latter 12 weeks (1 2WK group). Intervention: Two sets of 10 free-weight PRT exercises were performed at a high intensity during routine thrice-weekly hemodialysis treatment under direct supervision. Outcomes & Measurements: Primary outcomes include thigh muscle cross-sectional area by means of computed tomography and intramuscular lipid content estimated through attenuation. Secondary outcomes include muscular strength, exercise capacity, and C-reactive protein level. Results: The 24WK group increased muscle cross-sectional area (+1.82 +/- 3.25 cm(2)) compared with losses in the 12WK group (- 1.37 +/- 6.87 cm(2); relative effect size, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [Cl], -0.27 to 6.65; P = 0.04). However, this outcome did not achieve the level of statistical significance required (P 0.025) after Bonferroni correction for multiple primary outcomes. There was no significant change in intramuscular lipid content between groups (+0.19 +/- 1.32 versus +0.16 +/- 1.69 Hounsfield units in the 24WK and 12WK groups, respectively; P = 0.31). Log C-reactive protein level tended to decrease in the 24WK group compared with the 12WK group (relative effect size, -0.63; 95% Cl, -0.27 [-0.54 to 0.00]; P= 0.05). The 24WK group improved muscular strength measures and exercise capacity throughout the trial. Limitations: Single geographic site used; no control group without exercise exposure; unblincled assessment of some secondary outcome measures. Conclusions: Prolonged intradialytic PRT did not significantly improve muscle cross-sectional area or intramuscular lipid content compared with a shorter duration of exercise. Future trials are required to more thoroughly investigate the clinical importance and magnitude of myogenic adaptations to PRT in this cohort. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Food Nutr & Human Hlth, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, USDA, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ct, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cheema, B (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Food Nutr & Human Hlth, Wellington Campus,Private Bag 756, Wellington, New Zealand. EM b.cheema@massey.ac.nz OI smith, benjamin/0000-0003-1218-7290 NR 39 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 574 EP 584 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.07.005 PG 11 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 217OK UT WOS:000249957000009 PM 17900457 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Moore, MWS Ha, NP Egbejimi, O Fields, A Mbawuike, U Egbejimi, A Shaw, CA Bray, MS Nannegari, V Hickson-Bick, DL Heird, WC Dyck, JRB Chandler, MP Young, ME AF Durgan, David J. Moore, Michael W. S. Ha, Ngan P. Egbejimi, Oluwaseun Fields, Anna Mbawuike, Uchenna Egbejimi, Anu Shaw, Chad A. Bray, Molly S. Nannegari, Vijayalakshmi Hickson-Bick, Diane L. Heird, William C. Dyck, Jason R. B. Chandler, Margaret P. Young, Martin E. TI Circadian rhythms in myocardial metabolism and contractile function: influence of workload and oleate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; glucose; glycogen; triglyceride ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN-SENSITIVITY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-RATE; RAT AB Multiple extracardiac stimuli, such as workload and circulating nutrients (e. g., fatty acids), known to influence myocardial metabolism and contractile function exhibit marked circadian rhythms. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the rat heart exhibits circadian rhythms in its responsiveness to changes in workload and/or fatty acid (oleate) availability. Thus, hearts were isolated from male Wistar rats (housed during a 12: 12-h light-dark cycle: lights on at 9 AM) at 9 AM, 3 PM, 9 PM, and 3 AM and perfused in the working mode ex vivo with 5 mM glucose plus either 0.4 or 0.8 mM oleate. Following 20- min perfusion at normal workload (i.e., 100 cm H2O afterload), hearts were challenged with increased workload (140 cm H2O afterload plus 1 mu M epinephrine). In the presence of 0.4 mM oleate, myocardial metabolism exhibited a marked circadian rhythm, with decreased rates of glucose oxidation, increased rates of lactate release, decreased glycogenolysis capacity, and increased channeling of oleate into nonoxidative pathways during the light phase. Rat hearts also exhibited a modest circadian rhythm in responsiveness to the workload challenge when perfused in the presence of 0.4 mM oleate, with increased myocardial oxygen consumption at the dark-to-light phase transition. However, rat hearts perfused in the presence of 0.8 mM oleate exhibited a markedly blunted contractile function response to the workload challenge during the light phase. In conclusion, these studies expose marked circadian rhythmicities in myocardial oxidative and nonoxidative metabolism as well as responsiveness of the rat heart to changes in workload and fatty acid availability. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Cardiovasc Res Grp, Dept Pediat & Pharmacol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu OI Shaw, Chad/0000-0001-7267-5398 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259, HL-075747] NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 293 IS 4 BP H2385 EP H2393 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01361.2006 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 219AZ UT WOS:000250058400045 PM 17616739 ER PT J AU Evoniuk, JM Berg, PT Johnson, ML Larson, DM Maddock, TD Stoltenow, CL Schauer, CS O'Rourke, KI Redmer, DA AF Evoniuk, Jessica M. Berg, Paul T. Johnson, Mary L. Larson, Daniel M. Maddock, Travis D. Stoltenow, Charles L. Schauer, Chris S. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Redmer, Dale A. TI Associations between genotypes at codon 171 and 136 of the prion protein gene and production traits in market lambs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL, 2005 CL Cincinnati, OH SP Amer Soc Animal Sci ID PRP GENOTYPES; PERFORMANCE TRAITS; ALLELIC VARIANTS; NATURAL SCRAPIE; SHEEP; BREEDS; PRNP AB Objective-To determine whether selection for the homozygous A(136)R(171) genotype that confers resistance to classic scrapie infection negatively affects production in sheep. Animals-996 commercial lambs obtained from 2 flocks at separate locations across 3 consecutive years. Procedures-Genotyping at codon 136 and 171 was performed by use of commercially available testing or a single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. Carcass data were collected without knowledge of genotype approximately 24 hours after slaughter by an experienced grader. The model to analyze associations between prion protein (PRNP) genotype and production traits was based on genotype, breed, or both as fixed effects and days on feed as a covariate. Results-Average daily gain was significantly associated with only combined codons 136 and 171. In flock 1, weaning average daily gain was significantly greater in AA sheep than heterozygotes,- the difference between QR(171) and RR171 sheep compared with (136)QQ(171) sheep, were not significant although QR(171) and Rh-171 sheep had higher values. However, in flock 2, average daily gain was significantly greater in AV(136) sheep than AA(136) sheep and in QR(171) sheep than QQ(171) sheep. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Findings suggest there is an advantage for average daily gain in lambs with an arginine allele at codon 171, but there were no other genotype effects on production traits. Thus, selection for the resistant arginine allele at codon 171 to comply with USDA scrapie eradication guidelines should not be detrimental to lamb production in commercial flocks. Effects of codon 136 on average dailygain were ambiguous. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Coll Agr Food Syst & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Anim Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Redmer, DA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Coll Agr Food Syst & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1078 DI 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1073 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 216JZ UT WOS:000249875600008 PM 17916013 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI A comparison of the beetle (Coleoptera) fauna captured at two heights above the ground in a North American temperate deciduous forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; SAPROXYLIC BEETLES; PHEROMONE TRAPS; RAIN-FOREST; HIGH STUMPS; CANOPY; CARABIDAE; CERAMBYCIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; BIODIVERSITY AB We compared the beetle fauna captured in 12 pairs of flight intercept traps suspended at two different heights above the ground (>= 15 in and 0.5 m) in a temperate deciduous forest in the southeastern United States to better understand how the abundance, species richness, diversity and composition of insect communities differ among forest strata. A total of 15,012 beetle specimens were collected representing 73 families and 558 morphospecies. Shannon's diversity and evenness were both higher near the ground than in the canopy but no differences in total abundance or species richness between the two layers were observed. There were many differences at the family level, however, and species composition differed considerably between the two layers. About 29% and 31% of species were captured exclusively in the canopy or near the ground, respectively. The canopy traps were more similar to one another than they were to those near the ground and vice-versa based on both Sorensen's quotient of similarity and Raabe's percentage of similarity. The canopy and ground trap locations were quite distinct based on nonmetric multidimensional scaling. The degree to which species composition was similar (i.e., Sorensen's quotient of similarity) between pairs of traps decreased significantly with inter-trap distance for the traps in the canopy, but not for those near the ground, suggesting a more uniform community near the ground. Of the 41 families or subfamilies represented by more than 40 individuals, 12 were more abundant in the canopy and 14 were more abundant near the ground. Similarly, of the 16 families or subfamilies represented by more than 10 species, five were more species rich in the canopy and four were more species rich near the ground. Three families (Cerambycidae, Cleridae and Coccinellidae) were both more abundant and species rich in the canopy, whereas four other groups (Carabidae, Pselaphinae (Staphylinidae), Scolytinae (Curculionidae) and other Staphylinidae) were both more abundant and species rich near the ground. In Addition to differing considerably among families, the vertical distribution patterns varied within many families as well. The distribution patterns for several groups are discussed in some detail with respect to known life history information. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 56 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 260 EP 278 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[260:ACOTBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700002 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Commens-Carson, AM Warren, ML AF Haag, Wendell R. Commens-Carson, Amy M. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Life history variation in the yazoo shiner (Notropis rafinsquei) in three Mississippi streams SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHANNEL INCISION; REPRODUCTION; LONGIROSTRIS; CYPRINIDAE; HABITATS; PATTERNS; DRAINAGE; FISHES AB We investigated the life history and demographics of Notropis rafinesquei (Cyprinidae) in three streams in north Mississippi, USA, over 2 y. Size at maturity (22.5-29.3 mm SL) and the timing and duration of the reproductive period (Apr.-Aug.) were similar among all three streams in both years. We consistently detected two young-of-the-year cohorts, one strong cohort appearing in early summer and the other of varying strength in fall. In contrast, we found striking variation in most other life history traits including female length, body weight, clutch size, ova diameter and sex ratios, despite the close geographic proximity of these populations. Life history traits of all other species in the Notropis longirostris clade (N. ammophilus, N. longirostris and N. sabinae) are similar to N. rafinesquei, but like N. rafinesquei, vary widely among and within species. The highly plastic nature of reproductive traits in N. rafinesquei and other members of the N. longirostris clade is likely an important adaptation that allows these animals to maintain large populations in the often physically unstable and unpredictable stream environments of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA. C1 USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 306 EP 320 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[306:LHVITY]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700005 ER PT J AU Perry, RW AF Perry, Roger W. TI Summer roosting by adult male seminole bats in the ouachita mountains, Arkansas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RED BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; SITE SELECTION; FORESTS AB We used radiotelemetry to locate 51 diurnal roosts for 17 male Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) during late spring and early summer, 2000-2005. We quantified characteristics of roost trees and sites surrounding roosts and compared those measurements with random trees and random locations. All but two roosts were located in the foliage of large overstory pines (Pinus sp.). All roosts were in trees >= 21.7 cm dbh and roost trees were taller and greater in diameter than random trees. A conditional logistic regression model differentiating roost sites from random locations indicated Seminole bats were more likely to roost at sites with more pines 25.0-49.9 cm dbh, fewer pines 10.0-24.9 cm dbh, lower overstory hardwood basal areas (BA) and more recently cut stumps than random; bats selected open forest sites dominated by large (> 20.0 cm dbh) pines. Eighty-four percent of roosts were located in stands that were recently partially harvested or thinned but retained large overstory pines. Relatively open pine forest, with abundant large overstory pines, is important roosting habitat for male Seminole bats during summer on the western edge of their range. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[361:SRBAMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700010 ER PT J AU Dumyahn, JB Zollner, PA Gilbert, JH AF Dumyahn, Joseph B. Zollner, Patrick A. Gilbert, Jonathan H. TI Winter home-range characteristics of American marten (Martes americana) in northern Wisconsin SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN; HABITAT SELECTION; FOREST; MAINE AB We estimated home-range size for American marten (Martes americana) in northern Wisconsin during the winter months of 2001-2004, and compared the proportion of cover-type selection categories (highly used, neutral and avoided) among home-ranges (95% fixed-kernel), core areas (50% fixed-kernel) and the study area. Average winter home-range size was 3.29 km(2) with home-ranges of males (n = 8, mean = 4.25 km(2)) significantly larger than females (n = 5, mean = 2.32 km(2)). Composition of cover-type selection categories in home-ranges differed significantly from what was available in the study area (X(2) = 6.9145, df = 2, P > 0.0315) with more highly used habitat and less avoided habitat than expected. Consistent with research in other regions, 72% of an American marten home-range contained highly used cover-types and 18% of a home-range contained avoided types with the remainder of the average home-range composed of neutral cover-types. This suggests that Wisconsin American martens select habitat at the home-range scale based on the occurrence of highly used and avoided cover types. Proportions of selection categories in core areas did not differ significantly from what was available in the study area or in home-ranges. Core areas were significantly smaller than home-ranges and this observation combined with the lack of cover-type selection at the core area scale suggests that American martens select core areas based upon micro-site features (e.g., rest sites) rather than broad-scale cover types. The findings presented here may assist wildlife managers in management activities by identifying potentially suitable habitat. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Odanah, WI 54861 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marstellar St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pzollner@purdue.edu RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 382 EP 394 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[382:WHCOAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700012 ER PT J AU Kurta, A Schwartz, MK Anderson, CR AF Kurta, Allen Schwartz, Michael K. Anderson, Charles R., Jr. TI Does a population of cougars exist in Michigan? SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN PUMA; CANADA LYNX; GENE FLOW; MANAGEMENT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORE; SCAT AB After analyzing DNA obtained from fecal samples gathered in Michigan, Swanson and Rusz (2006) claimed that 83% of identified scats were from cougars, indicating to them that a population of these large carnivores existed in the state. In this paper, we identify problems with their methodology, suggest that they unreasonably extrapolated their conclusions and point out that their results are improbable, especially in light of no other evidence in the scientific literature suggesting the existence of a population of cougars in Michigan. C1 Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kurta, A (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[467:DAPOCE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700020 ER PT J AU Donalson, LM Kim, WK Chalova, VI Herreraa, P Woodward, CL McReynolds, JL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Donalson, L. M. Kim, Woo-Kyun Chalova, V. I. Herreraa, P. Woodward, C. L. McReynolds, J. L. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI In vitro anaerobic incubation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and laying hen cecal bacteria in poultry feed substrates and a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; prebiotics; Salmonella typhimurium; fructooligosaccharide ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; MOLT INDUCTION; LEGHORN HENS; CHICKEN; ALFALFA; FERMENTATION; DIET; INVASION; EGG AB The objective of this Study was to investigate the effect of combining a prebiotic with poultry feeds on the growth of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (ST) in an in vitro cecal fermentation system. Cecal contents from three laying hens were pooled and diluted to a 1:3000 concentration in an anaerobic dilution solution. The cecal dilution was added to sterile test tubes filled with alfalfa and layer ration with and Without fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Two controls containing cecal dilutions and anaerobic dilution solution were used. The samples were processed in the anaerobic hood and incubated at 37 degrees C. Samples were inoculated with Salmonella at 0 and 24h after in vitro cecal fermentation and plated at 0 and 24h after inoculation with ST. Plates were incubated for 24 h and colony forming units (CFU) enumerated. The samples immediately inoculated with ST without prior cecal fermentation did not significantly lower ST counts 24h later. However, samples pre-incubated for 24h with cecal microflora prior to ST inoculation exhibited reduced ST CFU by approximately 2 logarithms, with the most dramatic decreases seen in alfalfa and layer ration combined with FOS. The addition of FOS to feed substrate diets in combination with cecal contents acted in a synergistic manner to decrease ST growth only after ST was introduced to 24h cecal incubations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chalova, V. I.; Herreraa, P.; Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Chalova, V. I.; Herreraa, P.; Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety & Microbiol, IFSE, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Donalson, L. M.; Kim, Woo-Kyun; Chalova, V. I.; Herreraa, P.; Woodward, C. L.; Ricke, S. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Donalson, L. M.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. [Kim, Woo-Kyun] David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.05.001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 243QC UT WOS:000251811400006 PM 17588782 ER PT J AU Xu, J Suarez, D Gottfried, DS AF Xu, Jie Suarez, David Gottfried, David S. TI Detection of avian influenza virus using an interferometric biosensor SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE optical waveguide; interferometer; immunoassay; antibody; hemagglutinin ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIBODY IMMOBILIZATION; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL; SALMONELLA; SENSOR; POULTRY; IMMUNOSENSORS; IMMUNOASSAY AB An interferometric biosensor immunoassay for direct and label-less detection of avian influenza through whole virus capture on a planar optical waveguide is described. The assay response is based on index of refraction changes that occur upon binding of virus particles to unique antigen-specific (hemagglutinin) antibodies on the waveguide surface. Three virus subtypes (two H7 and one H8) in buffer solution were tested using both monoclonal and polyclonal capture antibodies. The real-time response of the antigen-antibody interaction was measured and was shown to be concentration-dependent, with detection limits as low as 0.0005 hemagglutination units per milliliter. A simple sandwich assay was shown to further increase the biosensor response. C1 Microelect Res Ctr, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gottfried, DS (reprint author), Microelect Res Ctr, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.gottfried@mirc.gatech.edu OI Gottfried, David/0000-0002-2729-2504 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 389 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1199 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1525-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 214HY UT WOS:000249729400021 PM 17710386 ER PT J AU Morgavi, DP Riley, RT AF Morgavi, D. P. Riley, R. T. TI Fusarium and their toxins: Mycology, occurrence, toxicity, control and economic impact SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. USDA ARS, SAA, RB Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Morgavi, DP (reprint author), INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site Theix, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. EM morgavi@clermont.inra.fr; ron.riley@ars.usda.gov RI Morgavi, Diego/C-2191-2013 OI Morgavi, Diego/0000-0002-3883-0937 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.001 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 210RO UT WOS:000249473500001 ER PT J AU Morgavi, DP Riley, RT AF Morgavi, D. P. Riley, R. T. TI An historical overview of field disease outbreaks known or suspected to be caused by consumption of feeds contaminated with Fusarium toxins SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mycotoxins; Fusarium toxins; deoxynivalenol; fumonisin; zearalenone ID FUMONISIN B-1; ANIMAL FEED; ZEARALENONE; PIGS; MYCOTOXINS; MONILIFORME; SPHINGOSINE; BIOMARKER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB The interest in mycotoxins began when aflatoxins were found to be carcinogens and to be widespread in foodstuffs and feedstuffs. Today, mycotoxins and mouldy feedstuffs are known causes of animal disease. Symptoms are often subtle and there can be many equally non-definitive contributing factors; for example, environmental stress, exposure to multiple mycotoxins and infectious agents, and nutrient/vitamin deficiencies. Thus, it is often difficult to establish cause-effect relationships with contaminated feedstuffs. The Fusarium toxins of greatest concern are deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins, and zearalenone. For each, mould-contaminated feed was implicated as the cause of animal disease long before the toxins were identified. In the field, changes in performance or behaviour and increased susceptibility to infectious disease are possible subtle signs of exposure to mycotoxins in feed. Because most cases of toxicity present non-specific clinical signs, cases of suspected mycotoxicosis often remain unreported. Nonetheless, for DON, fumonisin and zearalenone there are signs that are highly suggestive of exposure. For DON a commonly observed effect is feed refusal which has been reported in cattle, pigs and chickens; however, pigs appear to be the most sensitive. Although DON is not considered to be acutely toxic to farm animals, it is considered to be a major cause of economic loss due to reduced performance. In pigs, the reduction in feed intake occurs relatively soon after consuming feeds containing greater than 1 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and emesis at > 10 mg/kg. Field outbreaks of mouldy maize-induced equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) have been reported since 1891 and in 1988 pure fumonisin was shown to produce ELEM in a horse. ELEM syndrome is a fatal disease that apparently occurs only in equids. The length of exposure, level of contamination, individual animal differences, previous exposure, or pre-existing liver impairment may all contribute to the appearance of the clinical disease. Analysis of feeds from confirmed cases of ELEM indicates fumonisin 131 concentration greater than 10 mg/kg in the diet is associated with increased risk of ELEM. Another disease caused by fumonism is porcine pulmonary edema syndrome. Zearalenone has been implicated in field outbreaks of reproductive problems, vulvovaginitis and anestrus in pigs. The primary effect of zearalenone is estrogenic and prepubertal female pigs are the most affected animal. The history of discovery of mycotoxin involvement in animal diseases serves as a warning that yet to be discovered mycotoxins could also be involved in current or future inexplicable animal production problems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, RB Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, RB Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM morgavi@clermont.inra.fr; ron.riley@ars.usda.gov RI Morgavi, Diego/C-2191-2013 OI Morgavi, Diego/0000-0002-3883-0937 NR 63 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 210RO UT WOS:000249473500002 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE AF Glenn, A. E. TI Mycotoxigenic Fusarium species in animal feed SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mycotoxins; Fusarium; head blight; ear rot; maize; wheat; barley; oats ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; MAIZE EAR ROT; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; FUMONISIN-PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; ZEA-MAYS; MATING POPULATIONS; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; SECTION LISEOLA; GENE-DISRUPTION AB Fusarium species are among the most studied plant-pathogenic fungi, with several species causing diseases on maize, wheat, barley, and other food and feed grains. Decreased yield, as well as diminished quality and value of the grain, results in significant worldwide economic losses. Additionally, Fusarium species produce a chemically diverse array of mycotoxins such as diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, fumonisins, fusarin C, beauvericin, moniliformin, and fusaproliferin. The dominant Fusarium species associated with feed grain that produce these mycotoxins are reviewed with emphasis on their current taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and general biology. Ecological and environmental factors associated with plant-fungal interactions and potential mycotoxin contamination of feed also are discussed with primary emphasis on two main diseases: head blight of small grains and ear rot of maize. The past quarter-century has provided much detail on the morphology, physiology, genetics and genomics of Fusarium species. Such data are critical for understanding these fungi and for managing their impact on the safety, value, and yield of quality grain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Glenn, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM anthony.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 180 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.003 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 210RO UT WOS:000249473500003 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Smith, GW Haschek, WM AF Voss, K. A. Smith, G. W. Haschek, W. M. TI Fumonisins: Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fumonisins; equine leukoencephalomalacia; porcine pulmonary edema; toxicity; mechanism of action; bioavailability ID MONILIFORME CULTURE MATERIAL; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MILK-FED CALVES; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; SPHINGOSINE RATIO; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; PULMONARY-EDEMA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and E proliferatum. They occur worldwide and are found predominantly in maize and in maize-based animal feeds. Of the fumonisins, fumonisin B, (FB1) is the most common and the most thoroughly studied. FB1 causes the same toxicities in animals as F verticillioides- and F proliferatum-contaminated feeds including equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) and porcine pulmonary edema (PPE), diseases long associated with the consumption of mouldy feed by horses and pigs, respectively. FB1 is toxic to the liver in all species and the kidney in a range of laboratory and farm animal species, causing apoptosis followed by mitosis in the affected tissues. FB1 is also toxic to the cardiovascular system in pigs and horses. FB1 and other fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase in all species including laboratory and farm animals and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, a process underlying the mechanism of toxicity and pathogenesis of fumonisin-related diseases. The USFDA has set guidances for fumonisin concentrations in animal feeds that range from 1 to 50ppm in the formulated rations depending upon the animal species. The European Union Commission has recommended guidance levels for fumonisins B, plus B, in feed materials and formulated feedstuffs. The levels also vary according to species and range from 5 ppm for horses, pigs, rabbits and pet animals to 50 ppm for adult ruminants and mink. Awareness of fumonisin-related animal diseases, monitoring feed and feed components, and adherence to guidance recommendations are important for reducing fumonisin-induced diseases in agriculturally important species. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ken.voss@ars.usda.gov NR 153 TC 172 Z9 182 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.007 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 210RO UT WOS:000249473500007 ER PT J AU Gasparin, G Miyata, M Coutinho, LL Martinez, ML Teodoro, RL Furlong, J Machado, MA Silva, MVGB Sonstegard, TS Regitano, LCA AF Gasparin, G. Miyata, M. Coutinho, L. L. Martinez, M. L. Teodoro, R. L. Furlong, J. Machado, M. A. Silva, M. V. G. B. Sonstegard, T. S. Regitano, L. C. A. TI Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling tick [Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus] resistance on bovine chromosomes 5, 7 and 14 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cattle; ectoparasites; microsatellite marker; quantitative trait loci; resistance ID PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BOS-INDICUS; CATTLE; INFESTATION; ECTOPARASITE; MODULATION; CROSSES; WEIGHT; TAURUS AB Differences in domestication and selection processes have contributed to considerable phenotypic and genotypic differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds. Of particular interest in tropical and subtropical production environments are those genetic differences between subspecies that underlie the phenotypic extremes in tolerance and susceptibility to parasite infection. In general, B. taurus cattle are more susceptible to ectoparasites than B. indicus cattle in tropical environments, and much of this difference is under genetic control. To identify genomic regions involved in tick resistance, we developed a B. taurus x B. indicus F-2 experimental population to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick. About 300 individuals were measured for parasite load in two seasons (rainy and dry) and genotyped for 23 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 5, 7 and 14. We mapped a suggestive chromosome-wide QTL for tick load in the rainy season (P < 0.05) on chromosome 5. For the dry season, suggestive (P < 0.10) chromosome-wide QTL were mapped on chromosomes 7 and 14. The additive effect of the QTL on chromosome 14 corresponds to 3.18% of the total observed phenotypic variance. Our QTL-mapping study has identified different genomic regions controlling tick resistance; these QTL were dependent upon the season in which the ticks were counted, suggesting that the QTL in question may depend on environmental factors. C1 Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Anal Clin, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Embrapa Gado Leite, BR-36038330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Regitano, LCA (reprint author), Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 234, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM luciana@cppse.embrapa.br RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; Gasparin, Gustavo/I-5516-2012; Regitano, Luciana/C-7002-2012; Miyata, Marcelo/F-9430-2013 OI Gasparin, Gustavo/0000-0002-6520-9644; Regitano, Luciana/0000-0001-9242-8351; NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01634.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 213XB UT WOS:000249699500004 PM 17894560 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ MacNeil, MD Geary, TW Snelling, WM Rule, DC Scanga, JA AF Alexander, L. J. MacNeil, M. D. Geary, T. W. Snelling, W. M. Rule, D. C. Scanga, J. A. TI Quantitative trait loci with additive effects on palatability and fatty acid composition of meat in a Wagyu-Limousin F-2 population SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cattle; fatty acid; Limousin; lipid; quantitative trait loci; Wagyu ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CARCASS TRAITS; X LIMOUSIN; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; COMPLEX PEDIGREES; BEEF-CATTLE; GENE; GROWTH AB A whole-genome scan was conducted on 328 F-2 progeny in a Wagyu x Limousin cross to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting palatability and fatty acid composition of beef at an age-constant endpoint. We have identified seven QTL on five chromosomes involved in lipid metabolism and tenderness. None of the genes encoding major enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) member 4 (SLC2A4), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and genes encoding the subunits of fatty acid elongase, was located in these QTL regions. The present study may lead to a better-tasting and healthier product for consumers through improved selection for palatability and lipid content of beef. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lee.alexander@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 506 EP 513 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01643.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 213XB UT WOS:000249699500011 PM 17894565 ER PT J AU Moghadam, HK Ferguson, MM Rexroad, CE Coulibaly, I Danzmann, RG AF Moghadam, H. K. Ferguson, M. M. Rexroad, C. E., III Coulibaly, I. Danzmann, R. G. TI Genomic organization of the IGF1, IGF2, MYF5, MYF6 and GRF/PACAP genes across Salmoninae genera SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Arctic charr; Atlantic salmon; comparative genomics; rainbow trout; salmonids and life-history QTL ID CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HORMONE-LIKE PEPTIDE; FACTOR-I GENE; RAINBOW-TROUT; VERTEBRATE CHROMOSOMES; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ZEBRAFISH GENOME; ATLANTIC SALMON; ARCTIC CHARR AB Whole-genome duplication in the ancient ray-finned fish and subsequent tetraploidization in the ancestor to the salmonids have complicated genomic and candidate gene studies in these organisms as many genes with multiple copies are present throughout their genomes. In an attempt to identify genes with a potential influence on growth and development, we investigated the genomic positions of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2), myogenic factors 5 and 6 (MYF5, MYF6) and growth hormone-releasing factor/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (GRF/PACAP) in three salmonid species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Our results suggest a tight association between the IGF1, MYF5 and MYF6 genes in all three species. We further localized the duplicated copies of IGF1 to the homeologous linkage groups RT-7/15 in rainbow trout and AC-3/24 in Arctic charr, and the two copies of MYF6 to homeologous linkage groups AS-22/24 in Atlantic salmon. Localization of GRF/PACAP to RT-7, AS-31 and AC-27 and IGF2 to RT-27, AS-2 and AC-4 in rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr respectively is consistent with previously reported homologies among these chromosomal segments identified using other genetic markers. However, localization of the second copy of GRF/PACAP to RT-19 and AC-14 and the duplicated copy of IGF2 to AC-19 suggest a possible new homology/homeology between these chromosomes. These results might also be an indication of a more ancient polyploidization event that occurred deep in the ray-finned fish lineage. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N12 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Danzmann, RG (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N12 2W1, Canada. EM rdanzman@uoguelph.ca OI Moghadam, Hooman/0000-0003-4600-8254 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01645.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 213XB UT WOS:000249699500016 PM 17894566 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Gese, EM AF Carlson, Debra A. Gese, Eric M. TI Relaxin as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in the coyote (Canis latrans) SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; pregnancy; pseudopregnancy; relaxin ID SERUM PROGESTERONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB The diagnosis of pregnancy in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) often employs specialized equipment, experienced staff, and the cooperation of the bitch. These procedures can be challenging when the subject is a wild canid, particularly in a field setting. In addition, reproductive hormone assays are unreliable as a diagnostic tool because the estrous profiles of pregnant and pseudopregnant canines are similar. However, research has demonstrated that the hormone relaxin can be detected in maternal blood after embryonic implantation, but remains negligible in non-pregnant females. We investigated the use of relaxin as a diagnostic marker of pregnancy in the coyote (C latrans). A commercially available canine relaxin enzyme immunoassay (ReproCHEK (TM)) was used to test plasma collected from 124 female coyotes over four consecutive breeding seasons. Mating activities of the captive females were observed; then peripheral blood samples were collected at intervals throughout pregnancy, as well as after parturition. Results demonstrated that relaxin could be detected in the plasma of pregnant coyotes after 28 days of gestation, and in some cases as early as 23 days, while non-pregnant females and male coyotes consistently tested negative. Relaxin also remained detectable in the plasma of the majority of females tested 10-12 weeks after parturition. This qualitative assay for relaxin proved to be a reliable diagnostic tool for pregnancy in the coyote. In addition, blood sampling was relatively easy, could be accomplished with minimal handling, and did not require sedation or anesthesia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM dacarlson@cc.usu.edu; egese@cc.usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.07.011 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 206GH UT WOS:000249171400011 PM 17069998 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, M Wright, SI Mcmullen, MD AF Yamasaki, Masanori Wright, Stephen I. Mcmullen, Michael D. TI Genomic screening for artificial selection during domestication and improvement in maize SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE maize; Zea mays L. ssp mays; teosinte; Zea mays subspecies parviglumis; agronomic traits; artificial selection; domestication; plant breeding; DNA sequence; genetic diversity; HKA ( Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade) test; bottleneck; coalescent simulation ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; NEUTRAL ALLELE MODEL; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; ORYZA-RUFIPOGON; HORDEUM-VULGARE; FLOWERING TIME; WILD-RICE; MAYS L.; DIVERSITY AB Background Artificial selection results in phenotypic evolution. Maize ( Zea mays L. ssp. mays) was domesticated from its wild progenitor teosinte ( Zea mays subspecies parviglumis) through a single domestication event in southern Mexico between 6000 and 9000 years ago. This domestication event resulted in the original maize landrace varieties. The landraces provided the genetic material for modern plant breeders to select improved varieties and inbred lines by enhancing traits controlling agricultural productivity and performance. Artificial selection during domestication and crop improvement involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling key morphological and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. Scope This review is a summary of research on the identification and characterization by population genetics approaches of genes affected by artificial selection in maize. Conclusions Analysis of DNA sequence diversity at a large number of genes in a sample of teosintes and maize inbred lines indicated that approx. 2 % of maize genes exhibit evidence of artificial selection. The remaining genes give evidence of a population bottleneck associated with domestication and crop improvement. In a second study to efficiently identify selected genes, the genes with zero sequence diversity in maize inbreds were chosen as potential targets of selection and sequenced in diverse maize landraces and teosintes, resulting in about half of candidate genes exhibiting evidence for artificial selection. Extended gene sequencing demonstrated a low false-positive rate in the approach. The selected genes have functions consistent with agronomic selection for plant growth, nutritional quality and maturity. Large-scale screening for artificial selection allows identification of genes of potential agronomic importance even when gene function and the phenotype of interest are unknown. These approaches should also be applicable to other domesticated species if specific demographic conditions during domestication exist. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo 1028471, Japan. York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Yamasaki, M (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Food Resources Educ & Res Ctr, Kasai, Hyogo 6752103, Japan. EM yamasakim@tiger.kobe-u.ac.jp RI Wright, Stephen/C-3113-2008 OI Wright, Stephen/0000-0001-9973-9697 NR 59 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 967 EP 973 DI 10.1093/aob/mcm173 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 227NQ UT WOS:000250663800007 PM 17704539 ER PT J AU Andersen, MME Wesley, IV Nestor, E Trampel, DW AF Andersen, Michelle M. E. Wesley, Irene V. Nestor, Emily Trampel, Darrell W. TI Prevalence of Arcobacter species in market-weight commercial turkeys SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter spp; ceca; environmental sampling; turkeys; water ID BROILER CARCASSES; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; DRINKING-WATER; HEALTHY CATTLE; MULTIPLEX PCR; SP-NOV.; BUTZLERI; CAMPYLOBACTER; SPP. AB The prevalence of Arcobacter in live market weight turkeys was determined for six Midwestern commercial flocks at three intervals. Samples (n = 987) were collected from cloaca, feathers, ceca, crop, drinkers and environmental samples on farms and from carcasses at slaughter. Initially, EMJH-P80 and CVA isolated Arcobacter from 7.1% (40 of 564) of samples, while Arcobacter enrichment broth and selective agar recovered the microbe in 4.7% of samples (23 of 489 samples). Although EMJH-P80 coupled with CVA yielded Arcobacter more frequently, the selectivity of the modified Arcobacter agar enhanced the recognition of Arcobacter colonies. A multiplex PCR was used to identify all Arcobacter species and to differentiate Arcobacter butzleri. The low prevalence of Arcobacter detected in cloacal swab (2.0%, 6 of 298 samples) and cecal contents (2.1%, 3 of 145 samples) suggests that Arcobacter infrequently colonizes the intestinal tract. Despite its low prevalence in live turkeys, Arcobacter spp. were identified in 93% of carcass swabs (139 of 150 samples). The overall prevalence of Arcobacter in drinker water decreased from 67% (31 of 46 samples) in the summer of 2003 to 24.7% (18 of 73 samples) during resampling in the spring of 2004 and was inversely related to the chlorination level. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM iwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD OCT PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s10482-007-9153-7 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 207NI UT WOS:000249257400006 PM 17372847 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Geden, CJ Moore, RW Gast, RK AF Holt, Peter S. Geden, Christopher J. Moore, Randle W. Gast, Richard K. TI Isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from houseflies (Musca domestica) found in rooms containing Salmonella serovar enteritidis-challenged hens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; BROILER FLOCKS; LAYER HOUSES; INFECTION; CHICKENS; FLIES; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; VECTORS; DISSEMINATION AB Houseflies (Musca domestica) released into rooms containing hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella serovar Enteritidis) rapidly became contaminated with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. Forty to 50% of the flies were contaminated at 48 h, and the percentage increased to 50 to 70% at 4 and 7 days postexposure and then decreased to 30% at day 15. Initial attempts at recovering surface organisms for culture using an aqueous rinse were largely unsuccessful, while cultures of internal contents readily recovered Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. However, when 0.5% detergent was incorporated into the rinse, high recovery levels of bacteria were observed from both external and internal culture regimens, indicating equal distribution of the organism on and in the fly and a tighter interaction of the organism with the host than previously thought. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis was isolated routinely from the fly gut, on rare occasions from the crop, and never from the salivary gland. Feeding contaminated flies to hens resulted in gut colonization of a third of the birds, but release of contaminated flies in a room containing previously unchallenged hens failed to result in colonization of any of the subject birds. These results indicate that flies exposed to an environment containing Salmonella serovar Enteritidis can become colonized with the organism and might serve as a source for transmission of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis within a flock situation. C1 USDA ARS, ESQRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ESQRU, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pete.holt@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 73 IS 19 BP 6030 EP 6035 DI 10.1128/AEM.00803-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 217TA UT WOS:000249969000007 PM 17675422 ER PT J AU Lu, CF Jeffries, T AF Lu, Chenfeng Jeffries, Thomas TI Shuffling of promoters for multiple genes to optimize xylose fermentation in an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; PYRUVATE-KINASE; METABOLISM; SYSTEMS; PROTEIN; FLUX; DNA; OVERPRODUCTION AB We describe here a useful metabolic engineering tool, multiple-gene-promoter shuffling (MGPS), to optimize expression levels for multiple genes. This method approaches an optimized gene overexpression level by fusing 14 promoters of various strengths to genes of interest for a particular pathway. Selection of these promoters is based on the expression levels of the native genes under the same physiological conditions intended for the application. MGPS was implemented in a yeast xylose fermentation mixture by shuffling the promoters for GND2 and HXK2 with the genes for transaldolase (TAL1), transketolase (TKL1), and pyruvate kinase (PYK1) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FPL-YSX3. This host strain has integrated xylose-metabolizing genes, including xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulose kinase. The optimal expression levels for TAL1, TKL1, and PYK1 were identified by analysis of volumetric ethanol production by transformed cells. We found the optimal combination for ethanol production to be GND2-TAL1-HXK2-TKL1-HXK2-PYK1. The MGPS method could easily be adapted for other eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms to optimize expression of genes for industrial fermentation. C1 USDA, FS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, T (reprint author), USDA, FS, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM67933-03, R01 GM067933] NR 41 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 73 IS 19 BP 6072 EP 6077 DI 10.1128/AEM.00955-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 217TA UT WOS:000249969000013 PM 17693563 ER PT J AU Shary, S Ralph, SA Hammel, KE AF Shary, Semarjit Ralph, Sally A. Hammel, Kenneth E. TI New insights into the ligninolytic capability of a wood decay ascomycete SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MODEL COMPOUNDS; FUNGI; DEGRADATION; PEROXIDASE; OXIDATION; CLEAVAGE AB Wood-grown cultures of Daldinia concentrica oxidized a permethylated beta-C-14-labeled synthetic lignin to (CO2)-C-14 and also cleaved a permethylated alpha-C-13-labeled synthetic lignin to give C-aleph-C-beta cleavage products that were detected by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Therefore, this ascomycete resembles white-rot basidiomycetes in attacking the recalcitrant nonphenolic structures that predominate in lignin. C1 USDA Forest Products Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA Forest Products Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 73 IS 20 BP 6691 EP 6694 DI 10.1128/AEM.01361-07 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 221SU UT WOS:000250248400045 PM 17766457 ER PT J AU Rogosic, J Estell, RE Skobic, D Stanic, S AF Rogosic, Jozo Estell, Richard E. Skobic, Dragan Stanic, Svjetlana TI Influence of secondary compound complementarity and species diversity on consumption of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; complementarity; Mediterranean maquis; saponins; secondary compounds; sheep; shrubs; tannins ID PLANT BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY; GENERALIST HERBIVORE; VARIED DIETS; SELECTIVITY; EXPERIENCE; RESOURCES; INGESTION AB Generalist herbivores foraging in chemically diverse grazing ecosystems like the Mediterranean maquis increase intake on mixed diets, suggesting they are more able to meet nutritional needs and avoid toxicosis. Thus, our objectives were to determine how shrub species diversity and complementary interactions between tannins and saponins influence intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep. We conducted four experiments (10 days each) comparing intake of mixtures of Mediterranean shrubs varying in number of species and/or principal class of secondary compound (tannins or saponins) by sheep (n = 12). Sheep consumed more total foliage (P < 0.01) when offered a high-tannin shrub (Pistacia lentiscus; Exp. 1), two high-tannin shrubs (R lentiscus and Arbutus unedo; Exp. 2), or three high-tannin shrubs (P. lentiscus, A. unedo, and Quercus ilex; Exp. 3) when fed in conjunction with a high-saponin shrub (Hedera helix) than with an equal number of high-tannin shrubs (20.9 g/kg BW versus 16.3 g/kg BW; 28.8 g/kg BW versus 20.8 g/kg BW; and 35.3 g/kg BW versus 26.9 g/kg BW). Likewise, sheep ate more foliage (P < 0.01) of each additional individual shrub (P. lentiscus, A. unedo, and Q. ilex) in the mixture when fed with H. helix than with an equal number of high-tannin shrubs (8.2 g/kg BW versus 5.0 g/kg BW; 13.3 g/kg BW versus 10.7 g/kg BW; and 7.6 g/kg BW versus 5.2 g/kg BW; Exps. 1-3, respectively), suggesting a complementary interaction between tannins and saponins may have occurred. Sheep also appeared to increase total shrub intake as number of shrub species on offer increased, regardless of number of classes of compounds present. Our findings suggest that secondary compounds in Mediterranean shrubs (tannins and saponins) are complementary. Species diversity also plays an important role in diet selection, as plant species with different types and amounts of nutrients and phytotoxins may affect forage intake and animal production. This knowledge will help livestock producers to capitalize on phytochemical interactions to enhance intake, optimize forage utilization, and ultimately improve performance of browsing ruminant herbivores. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zadar, Dept Ecol Agron & Aquaculture, Zadar 23000, Croatia. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Mostar, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Biol & Chem, Mostar 88000, Bosnia & Herceg. RP Rogosic, J (reprint author), Univ Zadar, Dept Ecol Agron & Aquaculture, Mihovila Pavlinovica BB, Zadar 23000, Croatia. EM jozo@oss.unist.hr NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.09.013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 218MN UT WOS:000250019700006 ER PT J AU Pryor, SW Gibson, DM Hay, AG Gossett, JM Walker, LP AF Pryor, Scott W. Gibson, Donna M. Hay, Anthony G. Gossett, James M. Walker, Larry P. TI Optimization of spore and antifungal lipopeptide production during the solid-state fermentation of Bacillus subtilis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solid-state fermentation; optimization; B. subtilis; lipopeptides; spores; biocontrol ID ITURIN-A; SURFACTIN; ANTIBIOTICS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CULTURE; RB14; NB22; GENE AB Bacillus subtilis strain TrigoCor 1448 was grown on wheat middlings in 0.5-1 solid-state fermentation (SSF) bioreactors for the production of an antifungal biological control agent. Total antifungal activity was quantified using a 96-well microplate bioassay against the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. The experimental design for process optimization consisted of a 2(6-1) fractional factorial design followed by a central composite face-centered design. Initial SSF parameters included in the optimization were aeration, fermentation length, pH buffering, peptone addition, nitrate addition, and incubator temperature. Central composite face-centered design parameters included incubator temperature, aeration rate, and initial moisture content ( MC). Optimized fermentation conditions were determined with response surface models fitted for both spore concentration and activity of biological control product extracts. Models showed that activity measurements and spore production were most sensitive to substrate MC with highest levels of each response variable occurring at maximum moisture levels. Whereas maximum antifungal activity was seen in a limited area of the design space, spore production was fairly robust with near maximum levels occurring over a wider range of fermentation conditions. Optimization resulted in a 55% increase in inhibition and a 40% increase in spore production over nonoptimized conditions. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Environm Biol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Walker, LP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Environm Biol Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lpw1@cornell.edu RI pryor, scott/A-9751-2013 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-0036-1 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 219FN UT WOS:000250070200006 PM 18025597 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Matsushima, K Takahashi, T Yu, JJ Abe, K Bhatnagar, D Yuan, GF Koyama, Y Cleveland, TE AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Matsushima, Kenichiro Takahashi, Tadashi Yu, Jiujiang Abe, Keietsu Bhatnagar, Deepak Yuan, Gwo-Fang Koyama, Yasuji Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Understanding nonaflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus sojae: a windfall of aflatoxin biosynthesis research SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID PRODUCTION; SECTION FLAVI; GENE-CLUSTER; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; FLANKING REGIONS; VERSICOLORIN-A; AFLR GENE; PARASITICUS; PATHWAY; DNA AB Aspergillus section Flavi includes aflatoxin-producing and nonproducing fungi. Aspergillus sojae is unable to produce aflatoxins and is generally recognized as safe for food fermentation. However, because of its taxonomical relatedness to aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus, it is necessary to decipher the underlying mechanisms for its inability to produce aflatoxins. This review addresses the relationship between A. sojae and A. parasiticus and the advances that have been made in aflatoxin biosynthesis research, especially with regard to gene structure, genome organization, and gene regulation in A. parasiticus and A. flavus and how this has been used to assure the safety of A. sojae as an organism for food fermentation. The lack of aflatoxin-producing ability of A. sojae results primarily from an early termination point mutation in the pathway-specific aflR regulatory gene, which causes the truncation of the transcriptional activation domain of AflR and the abolishment of interaction between AflR and the AflJ co-activator. Both are required for gene expression. In addition, a defect in the polyketide synthase gene also contributes to its nonaflatoxigenicity. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Noda Inst Sci Res, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Fac Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Bioresource Collect & Res Ctr, Food Ind Res & Dev Inst, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 977 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1116-4 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 211KK UT WOS:000249522500003 PM 17665189 ER PT J AU Cary, JW OBrian, GR Nielsen, DM Nierman, W Harris-Coward, P Bhatnagar, JYD Cleveland, TE Payne, GA Calvo, AM AF Cary, J. W. OBrian, G. R. Nielsen, D. M. Nierman, W. Harris-Coward, P. Bhatnagar, J. Yu D. Cleveland, T. E. Payne, G. A. Calvo, A. M. TI Elucidation of veA-dependent genes associated with aflatoxin and sclerotial production in Aspergillus flavus by functional genomics SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; veA; aflatoxin; sclerotia; microarray ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SECONDARY METABOLISM; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS; NIDULANS; PATHWAY; STERIGMATOCYSTIN AB The aflatoxin-producing fungi, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, form structures called sclerotia that allow for survival under adverse conditions. Deletion of the veA gene in A. flavus and A. parasiticus blocks production of aflatoxin as well as sclerotial formation. We used microarray technology to identify genes differentially expressed in wild-type veA and veA mutant strains that could be involved in aflatoxin production and sclerotial development in A. flavus. The DNA microarray analysis revealed 684 genes whose expression changed significantly over time; 136 of these were differentially expressed between the two strains including 27 genes that demonstrated a significant difference in expression both between strains and over time. A group of 115 genes showed greater expression in the wild-type than in the veA mutant strain. We identified a subgroup of veA-dependent genes that exhibited time-dependent expression profiles similar to those of known aflatoxin biosynthetic genes or that were candidates for involvement in sclerotial production in the wild type. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Int Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Calvo, AM (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu NR 59 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1081-y PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 211KK UT WOS:000249522500017 PM 17646985 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Mikha, MM Vigil, MF AF Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Mikha, Maysoon M. Vigil, Merle F. TI Microbial communities and enzyme activities in soils under alternative crop rotations compared to wheat-fallow for the Central Great Plains SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme activities; cropping systems; soil management; FAME; tillage; semiarid soils ID EFFICIENT WATER-USE; ORGANIC-MATTER; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOMASS-C; SYSTEMS; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CARBON; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Winter wheat-fallow (W-F) rotation is the predominant cropping system in the Central Great Plains. However, other cropping systems are being suggested because reduced tillage and fallow can provide more residues that can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content and other parameters related to soil quality and functioning. This study compared the microbial biomass and community composition and enzyme activities under native pasture and research plots under grass and different crop intensities (CI) established for 15 years in Akron, CO. The soil (Weld loam; fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Paleustolls) was under alternative CI rotations (100 and 67%) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (W), corn (Zea mays L.) (C), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) (M), and fallow (F) under no-tillage (nt) compared to the typical 50% CI rotation (W-F) under either conventional tillage (ct) and nt. Relative to F-Wct, the 100% (C-M-W) and 67% (C-F-W) CI rotations increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) but only at the 0-5 cm depth. Native pasture and 15 years of undisturbed grass plots showed higher soil MBC up to 2-5-fold and 1.4-3-fold when compared to the cropping systems at 0-5 cm, respectively. Similar trends were found for MBN and several enzyme activities. Enzyme activities of C (beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, and alpha-galactosidase) and P cycling (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase) as a group separated the 100 and 67% Cl rotations from the 50% CI rotation (W-Fct) at 0-5 and 5-15 cm of soil. Separation in these enzyme activities was observed for rotations sampled under a crop (W-C-F) compared to when sampled under fallow (F-W-C). Principal component analyses (PCA) of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) suggested a shift in the microbial community structure with greater fungal populations in pasture, grass, and CI rotations of 100 and 67% compared to W-Fct. The sum of fungal indicators (18:2 omega 6c, 18:3 omega 6c, 18:1 omega 9c, 16:1 omega 5c) was significantly correlated (r > 0.60; P < 0.05) to beta-glucosaminidase, p-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and a-galactosidase activities. After 15 years, our results show that the combination of no-tillage and continuous cropping with reduced fallow frequency in two alternative (100 and 67% CI) rotations for the Central Great Plains have had a positive effect on soil quality parameters such as the microbial populations and community composition but only at 0-5 cm depth, and in several enzyme activities at both 0-5 and 5-15 cm. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, 38010 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.03.009 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 216JQ UT WOS:000249874700005 ER PT J AU Zaragoza, SR Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Rodriguez Zaragoza, Salvador Whitford, Wait G. Steinberger, Yosef TI Effects of temporally persistent ant nests on soil protozoan communities and the abundance of morphological types of amoeba SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphaenogaster cockerelli; catena; ciliates; flagellates; Myrmecocystus depilis; nanoflagellates ID HARVESTER ANTS; DESERT; BIOTA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; RICHNESS; ARIZONA; ECOLOGY AB We compared soil protozoan communities near ant nests with soil protozoans in reference soils 5 m from the edge of ant mounds. We sampled three species of Chihuahuan Desert ants that construct nests that persist for more than a decade: a seed harvester, Pogonomyrmex rugosus, a liquid feeding honey-pot ant, Myrmecocystus depilis, and a generalist forager, Aphaenogaster cockerelli. Ant colonies were located on different topographic positions on catenas of two watersheds. Total protozoan abundance was higher in P. rugosus nest soils at the top of a catena and in A. cockerelli nest soils in a grassland than in the respective reference soils. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in protozoan communities associated with the nests of ants at all locations studied. Amoebae were the most abundant protozoans at all locations. Type 1 amoebae (flattened with sub-pseudopodia (like Acanthamoeba)) occurred at the highest frequency and was the only amoeba type found in M. depilis nest soils and P. rugosus nest soils at the top of a catena. Nanoflagellates were associated with P. rugosus and M. depilis nest soils but were absent from reference soils. Ciliates, testate amoebae and nanoflagellates were absent from A. cockerelli reference soils but were present in nest soils. The effects of ants on soil protozoan communities depend on the temporal persistence of the colony, nest building and food handling behavior, topographic position and soil type. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Microbiol Lab, Unit Biol Technol & Prototipos, Mexico City 54090, DF, Mexico. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Microbiol Lab, Unit Biol Technol & Prototipos, Avenida Barrios No1,Losreyes Iztacala, Mexico City 54090, DF, Mexico. EM steinby@mail.biu.ac.il RI Rodriguez Zaragoza, Salvador/E-9151-2010 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.04.002 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 216JQ UT WOS:000249874700009 ER PT J AU Fang, M Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ Nelson, KA AF Fang, Min Motavalli, Peter P. Kremer, Robert J. Nelson, Kelly A. TI Assessing changes in soil microbial communities and carbon mineralization in Bt and non-Bt corn residue-amended soils SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt corn residue; microbial communities; carbon mineralization; soil texture; DGGE; substrate utilization patterns ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; MAIZE; PROFILES; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; ENDOTOXIN AB The effects of Bt corn (Zea mays L.) residue on soil microbial communities and rates of C mineralization were investigated. The Bt corn residue had a higher lignin content (12%) and lignin/N (9.9) ratio compared with its non-Bt near-isoline (10% lignin; lignin/N = 8.6). We examined the relationships among the Bt/non-Bt residue properties, residue component, soil texture, sampling time, and tillage management in microcosm and field studies. Bt corn residue incorporated in soils of different textural classes (silty clay, silt loam and sandy loam) in microcosms affected bacterial substrate metabolism. Substrate utilization profiles (Biolog) of soils amended with Bt residue differed from those with non-Bt residue based on principal component analysis (PCA). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns revealed only slightly altered microbial communities in the soils amended with Bt residue compared with the non-Bt isoline. Soil texture significantly (P < 0.05) affected C mineralization and substrate utilization profiles. Carbon dioxide evolution rate constants k of 0.085-0.087 for non-Bt and Bt corn leaf tissue added to silt loam indicated higher rates of Soil CO2 evolution compared with addition of roots and stems (k = 0.06-0.07). However, cumulative CO2 production after 73 days was similar regardless of residue component amendment. Significant (P < 0.05) interactions between soil texture, residue type (Bt versus non-Bt) and residue component illustrated the influence of soil on decomposition. In the field study, sampling time significantly correlated with Biolog metabolic activity and DGGE profiles. The field study also confirmed the effects of Bt residue on total plate count and substrate utilization profiles. Based on the results of the microcosm and field studies, we concluded that incorporation of Bt residue with higher lignin content and lignin/N ratio in soil significantly affected the structure of microbial communities compared with the residue from its non-Bt isoline. Abiotic factors including soil texture and sampling time also influenced the soil microbial communities and the decomposition of corn residues. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Greenley Mem Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. RP Motavalli, PP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM motavallip@missouri.edu NR 55 TC 34 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.06.001 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 216JQ UT WOS:000249874700016 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Brandt, SL Hunter, WB AF Coudron, Thomas A. Brandt, Sandra L. Hunter, Wayne B. TI Molecular profiling of proteolytic and lectin transcripts in Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera : Auchenorrhyncha : Cicadellidae) feeding on sunflower and cowpea SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digestion; glassy-winged sharpshooter; Homolodisca coagulata; Northern hybridization; Pierce's disease; transcriptome; xylem feeder ID CREONTIADES-DILUTUS HEMIPTERA; XYLEM FLUID; DIGESTIVE PROTEASES; COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; TRYPSIN-LIKE; MIRIDAE; LEAFHOPPERS; FASTIDIOSA; BIOLOGY; CLONING AB Homolodisca vitripennisGermar 1821 (Hem iptera:Cicadellidae) [Takiya et al. (2006) Ann Entomol Soc Am 99:648-655; syn. H. coagulata (Say)] salivary gland and gut EST libraries were used to isolate cDNA fragments of the gene transcripts encoding for cathelpsin L, asparoginyl endopepticlose, cothelpsin B, metalloendopeptidase, cathepsin D, multicatalytic endopeptidase, and a sugar-binding C-type lectin. Transcript levels were evaluated in immature and adult H. vitripennis feeding on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Northern blot hybridization results showed that expression of most of the transcripts were similar for all developmental stages and feeding on the two diets examined. However, the expression of the transcript for asparaginyl endopeptidase was less expressed in sunflower-fed adult females compared to sunflower-fed immatures. Also, the expression of the C-type lectin transcript was up-regulated in adults compared to immatures when fed on either diet. Documenting both the presence and variation of transcript expression involved in putative digestive proteolysis in this xylem-feeding leafhopper is noteworthy and aids efforts to design specific diet formulations for mass production of hosts and parasitoids to be used as effective biological control measures. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 66 IS 2 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1002/arch.20200 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 214QL UT WOS:000249753100003 PM 17879231 ER PT J AU Picciano, MF Dwyer, JT Radimer, KL Wilson, DH Fisher, KD Thomas, PR Yetley, EA Moshfegh, AJ Levy, PS Nielsen, SJ Marriott, BM AF Picciano, Mary Frances Dwyer, Johanna T. Radimer, Kathy L. Wilson, David H. Fisher, Kenneth D. Thomas, Paul R. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Levy, Paul S. Nielsen, Samara Joy Marriott, Bernadette M. TI Dietary supplement use among infants, children, and adolescents in the united states, 1999-2002 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; IRON STATUS; VITAMIN; TRENDS; NONUSERS; FORTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; NUTRIENTS AB Objective: To describe dietary supplement use among US children. Design: Analysis of nationally representative data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES). Setting: Home interviews and a mobile examination center. Participants: Children from birth through 18 years who participated in NHANES (N = 10 136). Main Exposure: Frequency of use of any dietary supplement product. Outcome Measure: Prevalence of use and intake of key nutrients from supplements among children. Results: In 1999-2002, 31.8% of children used dietary supplements, with the lowest use reported among infants younger than 1 year (11.9%) and teenagers 14 to 18 years old (25.7%) and highest use among 4- to 8-year-old children (48.5%). Use was highest among non-Hispanic white (38.1%) and Mexican American (22.4%) participants, lowest among non-Hispanic black participants (18.8%), and was not found to differ by sex. The type of supplement most commonly used was multivitamins and multiminerals (18.3%). Ascorbic acid (28.6%), retinol (25.8%), vitamin D(25.6%), calcium (21.1%), and iron (19.3%) were the primary supplemental nutrients consumed. Supplement use was associated with families with higher incomes; a smoke-free environment; not being certified by the US Department of Agriculture Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children in the last 12 months; lower child body mass index; and less daily recreational screen time (television, video games, computers, etc) (P < .005). The highest prevalence of supplement use (P < .005) was in children who were underweight or at risk for underweight (P < .005). Conclusions: More than 30% of children in the United States take dietary supplements regularly, most often multivitamins and multiminerals. Given such extensive use, nutrient intakes from dietary supplements must be included to obtain accurate estimates of overall nutrient intake in children. C1 NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Picciano, MF (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM piccianm@od.nih.gov OI Nielsen, Samara Joy/0000-0002-5777-6542; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 48 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 161 IS 10 BP 978 EP 985 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.10.978 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 215YH UT WOS:000249844400009 PM 17909142 ER PT J AU Runstadler, JA Happ, GM Slemons, RD Sheng, ZM Gundlach, N Petrula, M Senne, D Nolting, J Evers, DL Modrell, A Huson, H Hills, S Rothe, T Marr, T Taubenberger, JK AF Runstadler, J. A. Happ, G. M. Slemons, R. D. Sheng, Z.-M. Gundlach, N. Petrula, M. Senne, D. Nolting, J. Evers, D. L. Modrell, A. Huson, H. Hills, S. Rothe, T. Marr, T. Taubenberger, J. K. TI Using RRT-PCR analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at Minto Flats State Game Refuge, Alaska, during August 2005 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; H5N1 INFLUENZA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; YELLOW WARBLER; NORTH-AMERICA; DENDROICA-PETECHIA; CATCHMENT AREAS; BIRDS; WILD; POPULATIONS AB This study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIV) in the Minto Flats State Game Refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in Alaska. Five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (Northern Pintail, Mallard, Green Wing Teal, and Widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (VTM). Additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. Of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were AIV RNA-positive by real-time RT-PCR. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined for 38 of the first-passage isolates, and four first-passage isolates could not be definitively subtyped. Five influenza A virus HA-NA combinations were identified: H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H8N4, and H12N5. Differences in the prevalence of AIV infections by sex and by age classes of Northern Pintail and Mallard ducks were detected, but the significance of these differences is undefined. In the 500 paired samples, molecular screening detected positive birds at a higher rate than viral isolation (chi(2) = 8.35, p = 0.0035, df = 1); however, 20 AIV isolates were recovered from PCR-negative ducks. Further research is warranted to compare the two screening protocols' potential for estimating true prevalence in wild birds. Our success during 2005 indicates Minto Flats will be a valuable study site for a longitudinal research project designed to gain further insight into the natural history, evolution, and ecology of AIV in wild birds. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA USA. RP Runstadler, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 902 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM j.runstadler@uaf.edu RI Nolting, Jacqueline/C-4464-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000996-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [2 P20 RR016466, P20 RR016466] NR 41 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 152 IS 10 BP 1901 EP 1910 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0994-1 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 215MQ UT WOS:000249813300012 PM 17541700 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, I. E. Postman, J. D. Martin, R. R. TI Identification, detection and transmission of a new vitivirus from Mentha SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAPEVINE-VIRUS-A; X PIPERITA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA; GENOME; FAMILY; MINT; CLOSTEROVIRIDAE; ORGANIZATION; DISEASE AB Mentha x gracilis 'Variegata' is an ornamental clone with a phenotype caused by virus infection. Several clones were ordered from mail-order nurseries in an attempt to identify a virus consistently associated with symptoms. One of these clones did not exhibit typical 'Variegata' symptoms, and steps were taken to identify any agents causing the 'off- type' symptoms. One of the viruses identified in the atypical 'Variegata' clone is a previously unknown virus, a member of the family Flexiviridae. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the virus, designated as mint virus-2, is related to members of the species Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B and Heracleum latent virus, placing it in the genus Vitivirus. A detection protocol for the virus has been developed, and the mint aphid (Ovatus crataegarius) was able to transmit the virus in the presence of a helper virus but not from single infected plants. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Resp, Corvallis, OR USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3420 Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 152 IS 11 BP 2027 EP 2033 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1030-1 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224IV UT WOS:000250441600006 PM 17680328 ER PT J AU Young, BA Hein, GL French, R Stenger, DC AF Young, B. A. Hein, G. L. French, R. Stenger, D. C. TI Substitution of conserved cysteine residues in wheat streak mosaic virus HC-Pro abolishes virus transmission by the wheat curl mite SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; SYSTEMIC INFECTION; TRITIMOVIRUS; MUTATIONS; DOMAINS; GENE; REPLACEMENT; RYMOVIRUS AB Substitutions in the amino-proximal region of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) HC-Pro were evaluated for effects on transmission by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer). Alanine substitution at cysteine residues 16, 46 and 49 abolished vector transmission. Although alanine substitution at Cys(20) had no effect, substitution with arginine reduced vector transmission efficiency. Random substitutions at other positions (Lys(7) to Asn, Asn(19) to Ile, and Arg(45) to Lys) did not affect vector transmission. These results suggest that a zinc-finger-like motif (His(13)-X2-Cys(16)-X29-Cys(46)-X2-Cys(49)) in WSMV HC-Pro is essential for vector transmission. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dstenger@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 152 IS 11 BP 2107 EP 2111 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1034-x PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224IV UT WOS:000250441600015 PM 17680324 ER PT J AU Brodhead, KM Stoleson, SH Finch, DM AF Brodhead, Katherine M. Stoleson, Scott H. Finch, Deborah M. TI Southwestern willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) in a grazed landscape: Factors influencing brood parasitism SO AUK LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; cattle grazing; Empidonax traillii extimus; endangered species; Molothrus ater; nesting ecology; riparian habitats; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; NEST PREDATION; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; WESTERN LANDSCAPE; HABITAT SELECTION; SUCCESS; FOREST; EDGE AB Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; hereafter "cowbirds") is an important factor contributing to the endangered status of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus, hereafter "flycatcher"). We report on factors that influence brood parasitism on the flycatcher using seven seasons of nest data (n = 491 nests) collected in riparian patches comprising cotton-wood (Populus fremontii), willow (Salix spp.), and boxelder (Acer negundo) along the Gila River in southwest New Mexico. We quantified habitat and landscape characteristics that might be associated with higher levels of parasitism and assessed the correlation between those and the observed incidence of nest parasitism. Given that cowbirds associate with cattle, we were particularly interested to determine whether the distance to active summer grazing would influence the frequency of brood parasitism. We found an apparent negative trend between the distance to grazing and brood parasitism, but this trend was not statistically significant. Rather, brood parasitism was more strongly correlated with characteristics of the habitat. Specifically, nests in larger patches, and nests built near the patch edge adjacent to the river, were more susceptible to parasitism, which suggests that these areas are preferred nesting habitat for cowbirds because of a potentially greater abundance of hosts. Parasitism was significantly lower within the core of large patches, but the insulating effect was not evident in small and medium-sized patches. Higher nest height was strongly correlated with lower probability of parasitism, most notably for nests in boxelders. Nests in boxelders were less susceptible to parasitism, whereas nests in willows were more susceptible to parasitism. We discuss the results in the context of other studies. We recommend that management efforts to recover the flycatcher should focus on increasing quality habitat, and we suggest that cattle management should focus on eliminating the adverse effects of grazing on riparian health as a more feasible option than removing cattle far enough from riparian corridors so as to preclude parasitism. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Brodhead, KM (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Way, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM brodhead@sfu.ca RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1228 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1213:SWFETE]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100008 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, E. W. TI Influence of honey and maternal age on egg load of lab-cultured Cotesia marginiventris SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; biological control; egg load; endoparasitoid; rearing ID SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA LEPIDOPTERA; VENTURIA-CANESCENS; PARASITOID WASP; BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; BRACONIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; MATURATION; PARASITIZATION; NOCTUIDAE AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the impact of feeding status and maternal age on egg load of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoid of noctuid pests. Egg load was defined as the number of mature (i.e., fully-chorionated) eggs found in the ovaries and oviducts. Significantly more mature eggs were stored in honey-fed than starved females. For honey-fed females, egg load increased within several days of isolation from hosts. This study suggests that C. marginiventris is weakly synovigenic because females emerge with a considerable number of mature eggs and are capable of maturing many more eggs. Feeding on a suitable source of carbohydrate should increase the egg load (i.e., potential fecundity) of this insect within 3-4 days in an in vivo rearing system. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s10526-006-9059-8 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 202YI UT WOS:000248940400003 ER PT J AU Scorsetti, AC Humber, RA Garcia, JJ Lastra, CCL AF Scorsetti, Ana C. Humber, Richard A. Garcia, Juan J. Lastra, Claudia C. Lopez TI Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) of aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) pests of horticultural crops in Argentina SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE aphididae; biological control; entomophthorales; entomopathogenic fungi; insect pest; vegetable crops; zygomycetes ID CEREAL APHIDS; HOMOPTERA; PATHOGENS AB A three-year survey of entomophthoralean pathogenic fungi of aphids from horticultural crops in La Plata, Argentina, was conducted. Nine species of aphids, including Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Myzus sp., Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) and Capitophorus elaeagni (del Guercio) were recorded as hosts of entomopathogenic fungi. Six species of Entomophthorales that infected and killed aphids were found in vegetable crops. The fungal species identified were Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaudiere & Keller, Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudiere & Keller, Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber, Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko and Zoophthora sp. Pandora neoaphidis was the most predominant pathogen of aphids and was found throughout the summer (December-March) 2004. The recovery of C. obscurus, N. fresenii and P. neoaphidis represent first records of these fungi for South America. C1 CEPAVE, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Scorsetti, AC (reprint author), CEPAVE, Calle 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM ascorsetti@cepave.edu.ar NR 28 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 641 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s10526-006-9045-1 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 202YI UT WOS:000248940400006 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Shapiro, M Shepard, M AF Farrar, Robert R. Shapiro, Martin Shepard, Merle TI Relative activity of baculoviruses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE granulovirus; Lepidoptera; nucleopolyhedrovirus; Plutella xylostella; Spodoptera exigua ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES; GRANULOSIS AB The relative activities of the granulovirus (PxGV) and the nucleopolyhedrovirus (PxMNPV) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), against this insect were evaluated in the laboratory. Similar numbers of occlusion bodies (OBs) of PxGV and PxMNPV were required to kill P. xylostella. However, cadavers of insects infected with PxGV contained more OBs per unit weight than did cadavers infected with PxMNPV. Less cadaver material was thus required to kill insects with PxGV. Larvae that were killed by PxGV survived approximately 2 d longer than did those killed by PxMNPV. When P. xylostella larvae were fed both viruses together, mortality was higher than that caused by either virus alone. The virulence of PxMNPV produced in P. xylostella did not differ from that of PxMNPV produced in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). S. exigua was less susceptible to PxMNPV than to its homologous nucleopolyhedrovirus, SeMNPV. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011 A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s10526-006-9048-y PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 202YI UT WOS:000248940400007 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Alston, DG Bradley, BA Toler, TR Griswold, TL AF Tepedino, Vincent J. Alston, Diane Gail Bradley, Brosi A. Toler, Trent R. Griswold, Terry L. TI Orchard pollination in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA. Honey bees or native bees? SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; bees; biodiversity; competition; conservation; orchard crops; park; pollination ID HYMENOPTERA; COMPETITION; SUSTAINABILITY; MEGACHILIDAE; ABUNDANCE; IMPACT AB Capitol Reef National Park in central Utah, USA surrounds 22 managed fruit orchards started over a century ago by Mormon pioneers. Honey bees are imported for pollination, although the area in which the Park is embedded has over 700 species of native bees, many of which are potential orchard pollinators. We studied the visitation of native bees to apple, pear, apricot, and sweet cherry over 2 years. Thirty species of bees visited the flowers but, except for pear flowers, most were uncommon compared to honey bees. Evidence that honey bees prevented native bees from foraging on orchard crop flowers was equivocal: generally, honey bee and native bee visitation rates to the flowers were not negatively correlated, nor were native bee visitation rates positively correlated with distance of orchards from honey bee hives. Conversely, competition was tentatively suggested by much larger numbers of honey bees than natives on the flowers of apples, apricots and cherry; and by the large increase of native bees on pears, where honey bee numbers were low. At least one-third of the native bee species visiting the flowers are potential pollinators, including cavity-nesting species such as Osmia lignaria propinqua, currently managed for small orchard pollination in the US, plus several fossorial species, including one rosaceous flower specialist (Andrena milwaukiensis). We suggest that gradual withdrawal of honey bees from the Park would help conserve native bee populations without decreasing orchard crop productivity, and would serve as a demonstration of the commercial value of native pollinators. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andrena@biology.usu.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3083 EP 3094 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9164-8 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202NQ UT WOS:000248910700005 ER PT J AU Cheng, HT Sen, TZ Jernigan, RL Kloczkowski, A AF Cheng, Haitao Sen, Taner Z. Jernigan, Robert L. Kloczkowski, Andrzej TI Consensus data mining (CDM) protein secondary structure prediction server: Combining GOR v and fragment database mining (FDM) SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TERTIARY STRUCTURES; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; INFORMATION; ALIGNMENT; TOOL AB One of the challenges in protein secondary structure prediction is to overcome the cross-validated 80% prediction accuracy barrier. Here, we propose a novel approach to surpass this barrier. Instead of using a single algorithm that relies on a limited data set for training, we combine two complementary methods having different strengths: Fragment Database Mining (FDM) and GOR V. FDM harnesses the availability of the known protein structures in the Protein Data Bank and provides highly accurate secondary structure predictions when sequentially similar structural fragments are identified. In contrast, the GOR V algorithm is based on information theory, Bayesian statistics, and PSI-BLAST multiple sequence alignments to predict the secondary structure of residues inside a sliding window along a protein chain. A combination of these two different methods benefits from the large number of structures in the PDB and significantly improves the secondary structure prediction accuracy, resulting in Q3 ranging from 67.5 to 93.2%, depending on the availability of highly similar fragments in the Protein Data Bank. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, LH Baker Ctr Bioinformat & Biol Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sen, TZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jernigan, Robert/A-5421-2012; Kloczkowski, Andrzej/B-9868-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM073095, R33 GM066387-03, 1R01GM072014, R33 GM066387-04, R33 GM066387, R21 GM066387, R33GM066387, R01 GM072014] NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 19 BP 2628 EP 2630 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm379 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 227QV UT WOS:000250673800019 PM 17660202 ER PT J AU Bradbury, PJ Zhang, Z Kroon, DE Casstevens, TM Ramdoss, Y Buckler, ES AF Bradbury, Peter J. Zhang, Zhiwu Kroon, Dallas E. Casstevens, Terry M. Ramdoss, Yogesh Buckler, Edward S. TI TASSEL: software for association mapping of complex traits in diverse samples SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Association analyses that exploit the natural diversity of a genome to map at very high resolutions are becoming increasingly important. In most studies, however, researchers must contend with the confounding effects of both population and family structure. TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution and Linkage) implements general linear model and mixed linear model approaches for controlling population and family structure. For result interpretation, the program allows for linkage disequilibrium statistics to be calculated and visualized graphically. Database browsing and data importation is facilitated by integrated middle-ware. Other features include analyzing insertions/deletions, calculating diversity statistics, integration of phenotypic and genotypic data, imputing missing data and calculating principal components. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cisco Syst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bradbury, PJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Casstevens, Terry/0000-0001-7602-0487; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 NR 11 TC 1182 Z9 1257 U1 21 U2 152 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 19 BP 2633 EP 2635 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm308 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 227QV UT WOS:000250673800021 PM 17586829 ER PT J AU Garcia-Medel, D Sivinski, J Diaz-Fleischer, F Ramirez-Romero, R Aluja, M AF Garcia-Medel, Dario Sivinski, John Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo Aluja, Martin TI Foraging behavior by six fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) released as single- or multiple-species cohorts in field cages: Influence of fruit location and host density SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE parasitoid foraging behavior; competition; niche breadth; braconidae; tephritidae; Anasirepha; Doryctobracon; Utetes; Opius; Diachasmimorpha ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; ANASTREPHA SPP. DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; NATURAL ENEMIES; FLIES DIPTERA; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; TEPHRITIDAE POPULATION; OVIPOSITOR LENGTH; FOPIUS-ARISANUS AB In Mexico, both native and exotic fruit fly parasitoids exhibit spatial and temporal overlaps in distribution. To better characterize the spatial component of foraging in the braconid portion of this guild, and to examine the effects of intra- and interspecific competition on resource partitioning, we conducted two field-cage experiments aimed at: (1) assessing the host-finding ability of parasitoids when single- or multiple-species cohorts were confronted with very low host-densities only at canopy level; (2) determining the height level preference (canopy vs. ground) for parasitoid foraging activity when single- or multiple-species cohorts were present and host density was high; (3) identifying candidate species for biological control programs using multiple-species releases. We studied two species exotic to Mexico, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and D. tryoni, and four species native to Mexico, Doryctobracon areolatus, D. crawfordi, Ophus hirtus, and Utetes anastrephae (all Braconidae, Opiinae). Parasitoids were allowed to forage for 8-h as single- or multiple-species cohorts in a room-sized cage containing potted trees with guavas artificially infested with Anastrepha ludens larvae and attached to the branches. When parasitoids were released as single-species cohorts into low host-density environments (fruit only at canopy level), D. longicaudata, D. tryoni and O. hirtus clearly distinguished uninfested from infested fruit and exerted the highest rates of parasitism with a significantly female-biased offspring sex ratio. When multiple-species cohorts were released, the same pattern was observed but, D. crawfordi and D. areolatus did not parasitize any larvae. In the case of the high host-density condition and with fruit at canopy and ground levels,when parasitoids were released in single-species cohorts, only D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata parasitized larvae at ground level. At canopy level, D. longicaudata, D. tryoni and D. crawfordi achieved the highest parasitism rates. When parasitoids were released as multiple-species cohorts, individuals of none of the species foraged at ground level, and in the canopy foraging activity and parasitism rates dropped dramatically in all species, except O. hirtus. Given the performance of O. hirtus, it should be considered a potential candidate to complement D. longicaudata in low-host density prevalence areas. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Veracruzana, LABIOTECA, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol, AC Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx RI Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco/N-1275-2016 OI Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco/0000-0003-2137-6587 NR 67 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.06.008 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 218UT UT WOS:000250041300002 ER PT J AU Badenes-Perez, FR Johnson, MT AF Badenes-Perez, Francisco R. Johnson, M. Tracy TI Ecology, host specificity and impact of Atomacera petroa Smith (Hymenoptera : Argidae) on Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Miconia calvescens; Atomacera petroa; sawfly; weed management; leaf area; host specificity ID HIBISCUS; PURSLANE AB Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) is an invasive tree considered to be the greatest threat to natural ecosystems of Hawaii and other Pacific islands. The potential of the sawfly Atomacera petroa Smith (Hymenoptera: Argidae) as a biological control agent of M. calvescens was evaluated in field and laboratory studies in its native range in Brazil. At two field sites, 31.1% and 15.3% of the M. calvescens leaves sampled presented rasping damage by A. petroa larvae, affecting 2.0-66.7% (16.8% on average) of the area of each attacked leaf. Damage by A. petroa was significantly more frequent among older leaves (81.2% affected) than younger leaves (18.8% affected), and percentage of leaves damaged declined significantly with increasing stem diameter. Damage by individual A. petroa larvae feeding as first through sixth instars ranged from 304 to 924 mm(2) (663 mm(2) on average) of M. calvescens leaf material in the field. In the laboratory, A. petroa developed through the final three larval instars in 2.1, 2.5 and 3.1 d on average, respectively, pupated for 5-10 d, and survived as adults for 5-8 d. No feeding damage by A. petroa was observed on plant species associated with M. calvescens at field sites, including three other species of Melastomataceae, or on test plants exposed to A. petroa larvae in the laboratory, indicating that A. petroa has a narrow host range. Host specificity, foliar impact, and the likely absence of specialized natural enemies in Hawaii appear to justify further study of A. petroa as a biological control agent of M. calvescens. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Badenes-Perez, FR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, Hans Knoell Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM fbadenes-perez@ice.mpg.de RI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/K-9722-2014 OI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/0000-0002-8954-7920 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.05.01 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 218UT UT WOS:000250041300011 ER PT J AU Donaldson, JR Myers, SW Gratton, C AF Donaldson, Jack R. Myers, Scott W. Gratton, Claudio TI Density-dependent responses of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) populations to generalist predators in mid to late season soybean fields SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE generalist natural enemies; Aphis glycines; emigration; mortality; soybean; predators ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ALATE PRODUCTION; HOMOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION; HEMIPTERA; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; IMPACT AB Since the arrival of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, to the U.S. in 2000, year to year abundances have varied substantially. Although, field studies have suggested that several resident generalist predators have the ability to suppress A. glycines populations, factors responsible for its population dynamics remain unclear. For natural enemies to regulate herbivore populations, predation rates must increase as prey population densities increase (i.e., density dependence). Experiments were conducted in 2004-2006 to assess the ability of the existing natural enemy community to exert density-dependent effects on A. glycines populations. Aphid densities were manipulated on individual plants (transplanted to the field) or in small plots to contain a range of aphid densities from low (10 per plant) to high (> 1000 per plant). Populations were then monitored weekly. Caged controls were included to measure population growth in the absence of predators. In 2006, an additional treatment was included to quantify the proportion of aphids emigrating from plants. In all experiments, a strong density-dependent decline in population abundance was observed as aphid populations on plants with low initial densities (<50 aphids per plant) tended to increase while plants with high initial densities (>100 aphids per plant) decreased by as much as two orders of magnitude over a 1-2 week period. We estimate that fewer than 5% of aphids emigrated from plants when aphid densities were below 4000 per plant. This suggests that the extreme declines in aphid populations over these brief experiments were not due to aphids leaving plants, but rather, due to an aggregative response of predators to high density prey populations. Given the rapidity and degree of density-dependent population decline in three consecutive years of study, we suggest the resident community of natural enemies in Midwestern soybean may have great potential to regulate soybean aphid populations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. RP Gratton, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 237 Russell Labs,160 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gratton@entomology.wisc.edu NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.06.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 218UT UT WOS:000250041300013 ER PT J AU Liu, H Stiling, P Pemberton, RW AF Liu, Hong Stiling, Peter Pemberton, Robert W. TI Does enemy release matter for invasive plants? evidence from a comparison of insect herbivore damage among invasive, non-invasive and native congeners SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; endophagous insect damage; enemy release hypothesis; Eugenia; herbivory; introduced species; invasive species; non-invasive species; oligophagous insect damage ID BIOTIC RESISTANCE; EXOTIC PLANTS; HYPOTHESIS; SUCCESS; METAANALYSIS; SPECIALIST; DIVERSITY; ESCAPE; ALIEN AB One of the most popular single-factor hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the naturalization and spread of introduced species is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH). One ramification of the ERH is that invasive plants sustain less herbivore damage than their native counterparts in the invaded range. However, introduced plants, invasive or not, may experience less herbivore damage than the natives. Therefore, to test the role of natural enemies in the success of invasive plants, studies should include both invasive as well as non-invasive introduced species. In this study, we employed a novel three-way comparison, in which we compared herbivore damage among native, introduced invasive, and introduced non-invasive Eugenia (Myrtaceae) in South Florida. We found that introduced Eugenia, both invasive and non-invasive, sustained less herbivore damage, especially damage by oligophagous and endophagous insects, than native Eugenia. However, the difference in insect damage between introduced invasive and introduced non-invasive Eugenia was not significant. Escape from herbivores may not account for the spread of invasive Eugenia. We would not have been able to draw this conclusion without inclusion of the non-invasive Eugenia species in the study. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM hongliuf@ufl.edu NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9074-9 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210FZ UT WOS:000249443400003 ER PT J AU Whitcraft, CR Talley, DM Crooks, JA Boland, J Gaskin, J AF Whitcraft, Christine R. Talley, Drew M. Crooks, Jeffrey A. Boland, John Gaskin, John TI Invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in a southern California salt marsh SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; cryptic species; hybrid; non-native species; salt marsh; salt cedar ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; USA; CONSEQUENCES; SALTCEDAR; SPARTINA AB Exotic plants have been demonstrated to be one of the greatest threats to wetlands, as they are capable of altering ecosystem-wide physical and biological properties. One of the most problematic invaders in the western United States has been salt cedar, Tamarix spp., and the impacts of this species in riparian and desert ecosystems have been well-documented. Here we document large populations of tamarisk in the intertidal salt marshes of Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, a habitat not often considered vulnerable to invasion by tamarisk. Initial research demonstrates that there are multiple species and hybrids of Tamarix invading the estuary and that the potential impact of tamarisk within this salt marsh is significant. This highlights the need for managers and scientists to be aware of the problems associated with tamarisk invasion of coastal marine habitats and to take early and aggressive action to combat any incipient invasion. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. San Francisco Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, SFSU Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 USA. USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Whitcraft, CR (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cwhitcra@ucsd.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 875 EP 879 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9081-x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210FZ UT WOS:000249443400013 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Gaston, LA AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Locke, Martin A. Gaston, Lewis A. TI Tillage and cover effects on soil microbial properties and fluometuron degradation SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE cover crop; enzymatic activity; herbicide metabolism; microbial populations; no tillage; ryegrass ID SILT LOAM SOIL; UNITED-STATES; CROP; DISSIPATION; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMS; METOLACHLOR; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; WHEAT AB This research concerns the influence of no tillage (NT) or conventional tillage (CT) and a ryegrass (Lolium multiforum Lam.) cover crop in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production system on soil and ryegrass microbial counts, enzyme activities, and fluometuron degradation. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, aryl acylamidase, and colony-forming units (CFUs) of total bacteria and fungi, gram-negative bacteria, and fluorescent pseudomonads were determined in soil and ryegrass samples used in the degradation study. Fluometuron (14C-labelled herbicide) degradation was evaluated in the laboratory using soil and ryegrass. The CT and NT plots with a ryegrass cover crop maintained greater microbial populations in the upper 2 cm compared to their respective no-cover soils, and CT soils with ryegrass maintained greater bacterial and fungal CFUs in the 2-10 cm depth compared to the other soils The highest enzymatic activity was found in the 0-2 cm depth of soils with ryegrass compared to their respective soils without ryegrass. Ryegrass residues under NT maintained several hundred-fold greater CFUs than the respective underlying surface soils. Fluometuron degradation in soil and ryegrass residues proceeded through sequential demethylation and incorporation of residues into nonextractable components. The most rapid degradation was observed in surface (0 to 2 cm) soil from CT and NT-ryegrass plots. However, degradation occurred more rapidly in CT compared to NT soils in the 2 to 10 cm depth. Ryegrass cover crop systems, under NT or incorporated under CT, stimulated microbiological soil properties and promoted herbicide degradation in surface soils. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron, LSU Ag Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0175-0 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 212SS UT WOS:000249617700004 ER PT J AU Olson, AB Andrysiak, AK Tracz, DM Guard-Bouldin, J Demczuk, W Ng, LK Maki, A Jamieson, F Gilmour, MW AF Olson, Adam B. Andrysiak, Ashleigh K. Tracz, Dobryan M. Guard-Bouldin, Jean Demczuk, Walter Ng, Lai-King Maki, Anne Jamieson, Frances Gilmour, Matthew W. TI Limited genetic diversity in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis PT13 SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPES; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; PROFILES; FARMS AB Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has emerged as a significant foodborne pathogen throughout the world and is commonly characterized by phage typing. In Canada phage types ( PT) 4, 8 and 13 predominate and in 2005 a large foodborne PT13 outbreak occurred in the province of Ontario. The ability to link strains during this outbreak was difficult due to the apparent clonality of PT13 isolates in Canada, as there was a single dominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile amongst epidemiologically linked human and food isolates as well as concurrent sporadic strains. The aim of this study was to perform comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), DNA sequence-based typing (SBT) genomic analyses, plasmid analyses, and automated repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) to identify epidemiologically significant traits capable of subtyping S. Enteritidis PT13. Results: CGH using an oligonucleotide array based upon chromosomal coding sequences of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 and the Salmonella genomic island 1 successfully determined major genetic differences between S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis PT13, but no significant strain-to-strain differences were observed between S. Enteritidis PT13 isolates. Individual loci ( safA and fliC) that were identified as potentially divergent in the CGH data set were sequenced in a panel of S. Enteritidis strains, and no differences were detected between the PT13 strains. Additional sequence-based typing was performed at the fimA, mdh, manB, cyaA, citT, caiC, dmsA, ratA and STM0660 loci. Similarly, no diversity was observed amongst PT13 strains. Variation in plasmid content between PT13 strains was observed, but macrorestriction with BglII did not identify further differences. Automated rep-PCR patterns were variable between serovars, but S. Enteritidis PT13 strains could not be differentiated. Conclusion: None of the methods identified any significant variation between PT13 strains. Greater than 11,300 base pairs of sequence for each of seven S. Enteritidis PT13 strains were analyzed without detecting a single polymorphic site, although diversity between different phage types of S. Enteritidis was observed. These data suggest that Canadian S. Enteritidis PT13 strains are highly related genetically. C1 [Olson, Adam B.; Andrysiak, Ashleigh K.; Tracz, Dobryan M.; Demczuk, Walter; Ng, Lai-King; Gilmour, Matthew W.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Guard-Bouldin, Jean] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Maki, Anne; Jamieson, Frances] Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Ontario Cennt Publ Hlth Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Andrysiak, Ashleigh K.; Ng, Lai-King; Gilmour, Matthew W.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Gilmour, MW (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. EM Adam_Olson@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Ashleigh_Andrysiak@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Dobryan_Tracz@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Jean.Guard.Bouldin@ars.usda.gov; Walter_Demczuk@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Lai_King_Ng@phac-aspc.gc.ca; Anne.Maki@moh.gov.on.ca; Frances.Jamieson@moh.gov.on.ca; matt.gilmour@gmail.com RI Jamieson, Frances/B-2040-2013; OI Demczuk, Walter/0000-0003-3723-9843 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 87 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-7-87 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 251WK UT WOS:000252406600001 PM 17908316 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Miller, LB Heyerdahl, EK Morgan, P AF Shapiro-Miller, Lauren B. Heyerdahl, Emily K. Morgan, Penelope TI Comparison of fire scars, fire atlases, and satellite data in the northwestern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORMALIZED BURN RATIO; WILDERNESS AREAS; REGIMES; PONDEROSA; FORESTS; PINE; DENDROCHRONOLOGY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SEVERITY AB We evaluated agreement in the location and occurrence of 20th century fires recorded in digital fire atlases with those inferred from fire scars that we collected systematically at one site in Idaho and from existing fire-scar reconstructions at four sites in Washington. Fire perimeters were similar for two of three 20th century fires in Idaho (1924 and 1986). Overall spatial agreement was best in 1924 (producer's accuracy = 94% and 68% and user's accuracy = 90% and 70% for the 1924 and 1986 fires, respectively). In 1924, fire extent from the atlas was greater than for fire scars, but the reverse was true for 1986. In 1986, fire extent interpreted from the delta normalized burn ratio derived from pre- and post-fire satellite imagery was similar to that inferred from the fire-scar record (producer's accuracy = 92%, user's accuracy = 88%). In contrast, agreement between fire-scar and fire-atlas records was poor at the Washington sites. Fire atlases are the most readily available source of information on the extent of late 20th century fires and the only source for the early 20th century. While fire atlases capture broad patterns useful at the regional scale, they should be field validated and used with caution at the local scale. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Shapiro-Miller, LB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, PO Box 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lshapiro@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1933 EP 1943 DI 10.1139/X07-054 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WE UT WOS:000251050400015 ER PT J AU Elliott, JC Smith, JE Cromack, K Chen, H Mckay, D AF Elliott, J. C. Smith, J. E. Cromack, K., Jr. Chen, H. Mckay, D. TI Chemistry and ectomycorrhizal communities of coarse wood in young and old-growth forests in the Cascade Range of Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; WESTERN MONTANA; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CANADIAN FORESTS AB Coarse wood provides important ecosystem structure and function such as water and nutrient storage and critical habitat for the conservation of a variety of organisms, including ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The chemistry and EM communities were compared in coarse wood samples collected from two advanced decay stages of logs in 12 paired young and old-growth stands in the Oregon Cascade Range. Average total C and nonpolar extractives were higher in young stands (15-55 years) (mean = 53.38%, 95% CI of 52.48-54.27 and mean = 8.54%, 95% CI of 6.92-10.16, respectively) compared with old-growth stands (200-500 years) (mean = 51.22%, 95% CI of 49.67-52.77 and mean = 6.75%, 95% CI of 5.88-7.62, respectively). Averages for total and extractable P were higher in old-growth stands (mean = 0.03%, 95% CI of 0.02-0.04 and mean = 82.91, 95% CI of 52.24-113.57, respectively) compared with young stands (mean = 0.02%, 95% CI of 0.02-0.02 and mean = 56.17, 95% CI of 45.84-66.50, respectively). Average pH and total N were highest in logs in the most advanced decay stage (mean = 4.17, 95% CI of 3.97-4.38 and mean = 0.35%, 95% CI of 0.29-0.40, respectively). No differences between log decay class or stand age were detected for water-soluble extractives, hemicellulose plus cellulose (or acid-hydrolyzable fraction), or acid-unhydrolyzable residue. Observed differences in average wood property values between decay stages and between young and old-growth stands were small and, although statistically significant, may not reflect an important difference in EM fungal habitat. EM communities were similar between young and old-growth stands and between logs in decay classes 4 and 5. Results suggest that down wood in advanced decay stages provides similar habitat for EM fungi in both old-growth and young, managed stands. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jsmith01@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2041 EP 2051 DI 10.1139/X07-014 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 232WE UT WOS:000251050400025 ER PT J AU Chilvers, MI Peever, TL Akamatsu, H Chen, WD Muehlbauer, FJ AF Chilvers, Martin I. Peever, Tobin L. Akamatsu, Hajime Chen, Weidong Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Didymella rabiei primary inoculum release from chickpea debris in relation to weather variables in the Pacific Northwest of the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum; epidemiology; grain blight; spore trap ID ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI; MYCOSPHAERELLA-CITRI; TELEOMORPH; ASCOSPORES; BLIGHT; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION AB Didymella robiei, the ascomycete fungus that causes ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), produces pseudothecia and pycnidia on overwintered chickpea debris. The timing of primary inoculum release from overwintered chickpea debris was investigated in the field using potted Susceptible chickpeas as trap plants and debris heavily infested with D. rabiei. Debt-is was spread in a I in 2 area in early fall of 2004 and 2005 and the experiment was repeated over two years and replicated at two sites. Primary inoculum was trapped the following spring by placing 27 trap plants adjacent to the overwintered debris at each site for 2-3 days followed by incubation in the greenhouse under conditions to promote infection. Ascochyta blight lesions were Counted 2 weeks later. Primary inoculum release began in mid-March, with the majority of lesions associated with rainfall events and recorded during May in all years. Release Continued through the beginning Of June when the number of lesions oil trap plants dropped off dramatically despite the Occurrence of several rainfall events. Primary inoculum release correlated well with previously published data on pselidothecial maturity and ascospore release in the laboratory. In regression analyses, rainfall was the variable that best described primary inoculum release. The results of this study have allowed the development of a simple model for predicting primary inoculum release from overwintered debris. These data will allow growers to target control strategies during this critical period. C1 [Chilvers, Martin I.; Peever, Tobin L.; Akamatsu, Hajime] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Weidong; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Peever, TL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tpeever@wsu.edu RI Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010 OI Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 277ZQ UT WOS:000254253600005 ER PT J AU Nyankanga, RO Wien, HC Olanya, OM Ojiambo, PS AF Nyankanga, R. O. Wien, H. C. Olanya, O. M. Ojiambo, P. S. TI Relationship between late blight [Phytophthora infestans] of potato on tuber and foliage, as affected by the disease severity on foliage, cultivar resistance, and atmospheric and soil variables SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; tuber blight; cultivars; environmental factors; resistance ID FIELD INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; CLONES; ROT AB Potato tuber blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is an important component of the late blight pathosystem. Although the dynamica of tuber blight on potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars have been evaluated, the effects of climatic and soil variables on tuber blight incidence have not been adequately quantified. Field experiments were conducted at two distinct environments: in New York (1998-1999) using the A2 mating type (US-8 clonal lineage), and in Kenya (2000-2001) using the Al mating type (US-1 clonal lineage). Fungicide applications were scheduled to vary the amount of blight infection. Foliar and tuber blight development, climatic variables, and soil variables were quantified during the cropping seasons. Fungicide application did not have a significant effect on the incidence of tuber blight at both locations. Soil temperature, precipitation, tuber depth, and cultivar resistance were significantly correlated with incidence of tuber blight at both locations. At Freeville, New York, precipitation when soil temperature was 16-18 degrees C had the highest correlation (r(2) = 0.632) with tuber blight, whereas soil moisture had the highest correlation (r(2) = 0.577) with tuber blight in Kenya. Path coefficient analysis showed that total precipitation during the epidemics and days when soil temperature was 16-18 degrees C had the largest direct effect on tuber blight in New York and at the field sites in Kenya. Regression models using atmospheric variables, soil variables, and cultivar resistance had moderate predictive ability of tuber blight at New York (0.44 < R-2 <0.61) but low prediction in Kenya (0.40 < R-2 <0.46). Similarly, cultivar specific models using foliar blight, atmospheric variables, and soil variables resulted in significant predictions of tuber blight in New York (R-2 > 0.46), whereas few regression equations for Kenya resulted in significant prediction of tuber blight. These results suggest that cultivar resistance, soil variables, and atmospheric variables are the main determinants of foliar and tuber blight infection when inoculum is present. C1 [Olanya, O. M.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nyankanga, R. O.; Wien, H. C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ojiambo, P. S.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 372 EP 387 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 277ZQ UT WOS:000254253600006 ER PT J AU McCallum, BD Chen, X Shorter, S Sadasivaiah, RS Tewari, JP AF McCallum, B. D. Chen, X. Shorter, S. Sadasivaiah, R. S. Tewari, J. P. TI Stripe rust reaction of 28 Canadian wheat cultivars SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE yellow rust; slow rusting ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; BREAD WHEAT; STEM RUST; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; INHERITANCE; LR34; LR34/YR18; BARLEY AB Wheat stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is all annual production problem in Southern Alberta; since 2000, it has also become common in the eastern Prairie region of Canada. Twenty-eight wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars commonly grown ill western Canada were evaluated for their responses to stripe rust ill field nurseries under natural infections during 2002 and 2003. The nurseries were located in Lincoln, New Zealand; Pullman, Washington, USA; and Creston, British Columbia, Canada, in 2002 and in Lincoln, New Zealand; and Pullman and Mount Vernon, Washington, USA. in 2003. At the heading stage, the cultivars were Visually rated for severity, the percentages of the flag leaf area covered with Pustules of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. Significant differences were detected in response to wheat stripe rust among cultivars in all environments, and the ranks of the cultivars were correlated between most pairs of environments. Although none of the cultivars were completely resistant to stripe rust, many were partially resistant. Several of these partially resistant cultivars are known to have the gene Lr34 for leaf rust resistance, which is completely linked to Yr18 for stripe rust resistance. Therefore, it is likely that the partial resistance in these cultivars was conditioned by Yr18. Additional stripe rust resistance genes also appear to be present based oil the reaction of certain cultivars. Some cultivars, including the cultivar 'AC Barrie', were very Susceptible to stripe rust and Would have high yield losses if a widespread, severe stripe rust epidemic was to Occur in western Canada. Producers call minimize their risks of severe yield losses due to stripe rust by growing the partially resistant cultivars in addition to fungicide use. C1 [McCallum, B. D.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Chen, X.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shorter, S.] New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Sadasivaiah, R. S.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Tewari, J. P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RP McCallum, BD (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, 195 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. EM bmccallum@agr.gc.ca NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 277ZQ UT WOS:000254253600009 ER PT J AU McDonald, MR Kooi, KV Simon, PW AF McDonald, M. R. Kooi, K. Vander Simon, P. W. TI Differences in cavity spot severity among carrots with different pigments. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Ontario Agr Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, P. W.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 277ZQ UT WOS:000254253600048 ER PT J AU Das, MK Bai, GH Mujeeb-Kazi, A AF Das, M. K. Bai, G-H. Mujeeb-Kazi, A. TI Genetic diversity in conventional and synthetic wheats with drought and salinity tolerance based on AFLP SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLP; DNA fingerprinting; genetic diversity; synthetic wheat ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GERMPLASMS RESISTANT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; SALT TOLERANCE; D-GENOME; CULTIVARS AB Genetic diversity among 14 drought tolerance (drought accessions) and 27 salinity tolerance (salinity accessions) related conventional and synthetic wheat (Triticum sp.) accessions containing different sources of the D genome was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The wheat accessions were analyzed with 20 EcoRI/MseI primer combinations. Among 918 fragments scored, 368 were polymorphic across all 41 wheat accessions, 348 were polymorphic among the drought accessions and 310 were polymorphic among the salinity accessions. Similarity coefficients among all accessions based on Jaccard's coefficient ranged from 0.18 to 0.92 with an average of 0.53 +/- 0.01; among drought accessions, from 0.16 to 0.79 with an average of 0.43 +/- 0.02; and among salinity accessions, from 0.16 to 0.92 with an average of 0.57 +/- 0.01. Polymorphic information content (PIC) among all accessions ranged from 0.05 to 0.50 with an average PIC of 0.30 +/- 0.01; among drought accessions, from 0.13 to 0.50 with an average PIC of 0.37 +/- 0.01; and among salinity accessions, from 0.07 to 0.50 with an average PIC of 0.29 +/- 0.01. Cluster and principal component analysis showed distinct groups of accessions both within drought and salinity entries. These accessions possess a substantial amount of genetic diversity and would be very valuable materials for breeding wheat with drought and salinity tolerance. C1 [Das, M. K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Bai, G-H.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mujeeb-Kazi, A.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Das, MK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mkdas@email.arizona.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 691 EP 702 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 241CY UT WOS:000251635700002 ER PT J AU Krause-Gruszczynska, M Rohde, M Hartig, R Genth, H Schmidt, G Keo, T Konig, W Miller, WG Konkel, ME Backert, S AF Krause-Gruszczynska, Malgorzata Rohde, Manfred Hartig, Roland Genth, Harald Schmidt, Gudula Keo, Thormika Konig, Wolfgang Miller, William G. Konkel, Michael E. Backert, Steffen TI Role of the small Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 in host cell invasion of Campylobacter jejuni SO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INT-407 CELLS; TOXIN-B; PROTEIN AB Host cell invasion of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is one of the primary reasons of tissue damage in humans but molecular mechanisms are widely unclear. Here, we show that C. jejuni triggers membrane ruffling in the eukaryotic cell followed by invasion in a very specific manner first with its tip followed by the flagellar end. To pinpoint important signalling events involved in the C. jejuni invasion process, we examined the role of small Rho family GTPases. Using specific GTPase-modifying toxins, inhibitors and GTPase expression constructs we show that Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, are involved in C. jejuni invasion. In agreement with these observations, we found that internalization of C. jejuni is accompanied by a time-dependent activation of both Rac1 and Cdc42. Finally, we show that the activation of these GTPases involves different host cell kinases and the bacterial fibronectin-binding protein CadF. Thus, CadF is a bifunctional protein which triggers bacterial binding to host cells as well as signalling leading to GTPase activation. Collectively, our results suggest that C. jejuni invade host target cells by a unique mechanism and the activation of the Rho GTPase members Rac1 and Cdc42 plays a crucial role in this entry process. C1 Otto Von Guericke Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Dept Immunol, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Microbial Pathogenesis, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Toxicol, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Ctr Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Backert, S (reprint author), Otto Von Guericke Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Leipziger Str 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. EM Steffen.Backert@med.ovgu.de NR 66 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-5814 J9 CELL MICROBIOL JI Cell Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2431 EP 2444 DI 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00971.x PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Microbiology SC Cell Biology; Microbiology GA 206ZP UT WOS:000249221700011 PM 17521326 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Nylander, JAA Heraty, JM AF Buffington, Matthew L. Nylander, Johan A. A. Heraty, John M. TI The phylogeny and evolution of Figitidae (Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea) SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Article ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; WASPS HYMENOPTERA; NUCLEOTIDE SITES; TREE-SEARCH; SUBSTITUTION; MORPHOLOGY; INFERENCE AB A phylogeny of the Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) is presented based on combined analysis of molecular (28S-D2 and D3, COI and 18S-E17-35), morphological and life-history data. Data are analyzed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Taxon sampling was held at a premium, and the resulting matrix contained 168 terminal taxa representing eight of nine subfamilies (Pycnostigminae not included) and all major subgroups of each subfamily. Alignment of the 28S D2 + D3 gene fragment based on a structural model resulted in the most defendable and least conflicting alignment tested. Melanips, previously classified in Figitinae, was consistently found to be the sister group of the Aspicerinae; Euceroptres, historically classified in Thrasorinae, frequently rendered that subfamily paraphyletic in these analyses. The general evolutionary trend is for early figitids to be parasitoids of gall inducing insects, with later host shifts occurring to exposed hosts associated with aphids. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2007. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Syst Entomol Lab, PO Box 37012,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 403 EP 431 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00153.x PG 29 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 216MC UT WOS:000249881100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, X-C TI A comparison of explicit and implicit spatial downscaling of GCM output for soil erosion and crop production assessments SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC WEATHER GENERATOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; UNITED-STATES; DAILY PRECIPITATION; CHANGE IMPACTS; MODEL OUTPUT; RUNOFF; WHEAT; SIMULATION; EXTREMES AB Spatial downscaling of climate change scenarios can be a significant source of uncertainty in simulating climatic impacts on soil erosion, hydrology, and crop production. The objective of this study is to compare responses of simulated soil erosion, surface hydrology, and wheat and maize yields to two (implicit and explicit) spatial downscaling methods used to downscale the A2a, B2a, and GGa1 climate change scenarios projected by the Hadley Centre's global climate model (HadCM3). The explicit method, in contrast to the implicit method, explicitly considers spatial differences of climate scenarios and variability during downscaling. Monthly projections of precipitation and temperature during 1950-2039 were used in the implicit and explicit spatial downscaling. A stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN) was then used to disaggregate monthly values to daily weather series following the spatial downscaling. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for a wheat-wheat-maize rotation under conventional tillage at the 8.7 and 17.6% slopes in southern Loess Plateau of China. Both explicit and implicit methods projected general increases in annual precipitation and temperature during 2010-2039 at the Changwu station. However, relative climate changes downscaled by the explicit method, as compared to the implicit method, appeared more dynamic or variable. Consequently, the responses to climate change, simulated with the explicit method, seemed more dynamic and sensitive. For a 1% increase in precipitation, percent increases in average annual runoff (soil loss) were 3-6 (4-10) times greater with the explicit method than those with the implicit method. Differences in grain yield were also found between the two methods. These contrasting results between the two methods indicate that spatial downscaling of climate change scenarios can be a significant source of uncertainty, and further underscore the importance of proper spatial treatments of climate change scenarios, and especially climate variability, prior to impact simulation. The implicit method, which applies aggregated climate changes at the GCM grid scale directly to a target station, is more appropriate for simulating a first-order regional response of nature resources to climate change. But for the site-specific impact assessments, especially for entities that are heavily influenced by local conditions such as soil loss and crop yield, the explicit method must be used. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9256-1 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202NV UT WOS:000248911200006 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM White, SN Lewis, GS Mousel, MR Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. White, Stephen N. Lewis, Gregory S. Mousel, Michelle R. Knowles, Donald P. TI Development and validation of an ovine progressive pneumonia virus quantitative PCR SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; SMALL-RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAEDI-VISNA; NATURAL TRANSMISSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFECTED SHEEP; MACROPHAGES; ANTIBODIES; COLOSTRUM AB Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) infects at least one sheep in 81% of U.S. sheep flocks, as determined by serology, and can cause viral mastitis, arthritis, dyspnea, and cachexia. Diagnostic tests that quantify OPPV proviral load in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) provide an additional method for identification of infected sheep and may help to further understanding of the pathogenesis of OPPV-induced disease. In this study, we compared a new OPPV real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific for the transmembrane region of the envelope gene (tm) with a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) using 396 PBL samples and sera from Idaho sheep. The OPPV qPCR had a positive concordance of 96.2% +/- 2.3% and a negative concordance of 97.7% +/- 2.5% compared to the cELISA, with a kappa value of 0.93, indicating excellent agreement between the two tests. In addition, the presence of tm in the three OPPV qPCR-positive and cELISA-negative sheep and in 15 sheep with different OPPV proviral loads was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. These data indicate that the OPPV qPCR may be used as a supplemental diagnostic tool for OPPV infection and for measurement of viral load in PBLs of infected sheep. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1274 EP 1278 DI 10.1128/CVI.00095-07 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 220OA UT WOS:000250164800004 PM 17699832 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Chae, JS Hyun, YJ Koh, SJ Kim, JY Ko, MJ Rim, SJ Shin, HJ Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Jang, Yangsoo Chae, Jey Sook Hyun, Yae Jung Koh, Soo Jeong Kim, Ji Young Ko, Min Ji Rim, Se-Joong Shin, Hyun-Joon Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI The RANTES -403G > A promoter polymorphism in Korean men: association with serum RANTES concentration and coronary artery disease SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE -403G > A polymorphism; regulated upon activation; normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES); coronary ID CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; MESANGIAL CELLS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; HIV-INFECTION; GENE; EXPRESSION; PLATELETS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTAGONIST AB In the present Study we investigated the association of the RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) - 28C > G and - 403G > A promoter polymorphisms with the concentration of serum RANTES and CAD (coronary artery disease) in Korean men. We included 553 male CAD patients with (n = 176) or without (n = 377) Type 2 diabetes, aged 4065 years with previous myocardial infarction (similar to 50%) or angiographically confirmed CAD (similar to 50%), and 416 aged-matched healthy male controls. The main outcome measures were the OR (odds ratio) of CAD risk and the serum RANTES concentration evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Although the RANTES - 28C > G genotype had no significant association with CAD risk, the presence of the minor allele of the RANTES - 403G > A single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CAD {OR 0.70 [95% CI (confidence interval) 0.54-0.92], P = 0.011} after adjusting for age, BMI (body mass index), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Serum RANTES concentrations were significantly associated with the - 403G > A genotype in controls (G/G: 44.7 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, G/A: 36.5 +/- 2.0 ng/ml, A/A: 28.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml; P < 0.001), non-diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 50.9 +/- 3.0 ng/ml, G/A: 42.2 +/- 2.6 ng/ml, A/A: 41.3 +/- 4.4 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 58.5 +/- 3.5 ng/ml, G/A: 49.6 +/- 4.1 ng/ml, A/A: 42.2 +/- 4.3 ng/ml; P < 0.05); however, such associations were not observed in the subgroup of CAD patients taking lipid-lowering,medication. Moreover, serum RANTES was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.289, P < 0.001) and platelet counts (r = 0.253, P < 0.001). The results of the present study demonstrate that the RANTES -403A allele is associated with lower serum RANTES concentrations and consequently with reduced CAD risk. C1 Severance Hosp, Cardiovasc Hosp, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul 120752, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Cardiovasc Hosp, Coll Med,Yonsie Cardiovasc Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120752, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Human Ecol, Dept Food & Nutr, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120752, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jang, Y (reprint author), Severance Hosp, Cardiovasc Hosp, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seoul 120752, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 113 IS 7-8 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1042/CS20070014 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 220YO UT WOS:000250193500006 PM 17504241 ER PT J AU Bengtsson, M Stark, NM Oksman, K AF Bengtsson, Magnus Stark, Nicole M. Oksman, Kristiina TI Durability and mechanical properties of silane cross-linked wood thermoplastic composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); mechanical properties; durability; extrusion; cross-linking ID DENSITY-POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; PLASTIC COMPOSITES; FLOUR COMPOSITES; LINKING; COPOLYMERS; EXTRUSION; SURFACE; MATRIX AB In this study, silane cross-linked wood-polyethylene composite profiles were manufactured by reactive extrusion. These composites were evaluated regarding their durability and mechanical properties in comparison with two non-cross-linked wood-polyethylene composites. An addition of only 2% w/w of silane solution during manufacturing was enough to achieve almost 60% degree of cross-linking after curing. The cross-linked composites showed flexural toughness superior to the non-cross-l inked composites. The cross-linked composites also absorbed less moisture during a boiling test in water and this was an indirect evidence of improved interfacial adhesion. After accelerated weathering for 1000-3000 It the general trend was a decrease in flexural modulus and strength of both the non-cross-linked and cross-linked composites. The decrease in modulus seemed to be lower for the cross-linked composites while the decrease in strength seemed to be higher compared to the non-cross-linked composites. Weathering also resulted in a considerable colour fading of the composites. Water absorption-freeze-thaw cycling decreased the flexural modulus of non-cross-linked composites considerably while there was no statistical decrease in modulus for the cross-linked composites. There was only an insignificant decrease in strength for the composites after the water absorption-freeze-thaw cycling. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Design & Mat, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Lulea Univ Technol, Div Mfg & Design Wood & Bioanocomposites, Skelleftea, Sweden. RP Bengtsson, M (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Engn Design & Mat, Richard Birkelands Vei 2B, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM magnus.bengtsson@ntnu.no OI Oksman, Kristiina/0000-0003-4762-2854 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 67 IS 13 BP 2728 EP 2738 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.02.006 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 220NW UT WOS:000250164400009 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ Kuykendall, LD AF Hunter, William J. Kuykendall, L. David TI Reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Rhizobium sp strain B1 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium; bioremediation; water; groundwater; irrigation ID VEGETABLE OIL; VOLATILIZATION; GROUNDWATER; SELENATE AB A bacterium that reduces the soluble and toxic selenite anion to insoluble elemental red selenium (Se-0) was isolated from a laboratory bioreactor. Biochemical, morphological, and 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment identified the isolate as a Rhizobium sp. that is related to but is genetically divergent from R. radiobacter ( syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens) or R. rubi ( syn. A. rubi). The isolate was capable of denitrification and reduced selenite to Se-0 under aerobic and denitrifying conditions. It did not reduce selenate and did not use selenite or selenate as terminal e(-) donors. Native gel electrophoresis revealed two bands, corresponding to molecular weights of similar to 100 and similar to 45 kDa, that reduced selenite. Tungsten inhibited in vivo selenite reduction, suggesting that a molybdenum- containing protein is involved in selenite reduction. This organism, or its enzymes or DNA, might be useful in bioreactors designed to remove selenite from water. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM William.Hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s00284-007-0202-2 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 212UC UT WOS:000249621300013 PM 17882505 ER PT J AU Blum, JW Elsasser, TH Greger, DL Wittenberg, S de Vries, F Distl, O AF Blum, J. W. Elsasser, T. H. Greger, D. L. Wittenberg, S. de Vries, F. Distl, O. TI Insulin-like growth factor type-1 receptor down-regulation associated with dwarfism in Holstein calves SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; dwarfism; insulin-like growth factor type-1 receptor; somatotropic axis ID FACTOR-I; NEONATAL CALVES; PROPORTIONATE DWARFISM; PITUITARY DWARFISM; FEEDING COLOSTRUM; ENDOCRINE TRAITS; HORMONE RECEPTOR; RAT HEPATOCYTES; IGF-1 RECEPTOR; FACTOR (IGF)-I AB Perturbations in endocrine functions can impact normal growth. Endocrine traits were studied in three dwarf calves exhibiting retarded but proportionate growth and four phenotypically normal half-siblings, sired by the same bull, and four unrelated control calves. Plasma 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations in dwarfs and half-siblings were in the physiological range and responded normally to injected thyroid-releasing hormone. Plasma glucagon concentrations were different (dwarfs, controls > half-siblings; P < 0.05). Plasma growth hormone(GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin concentrations in the three groups during an 8-h period were similar, but integrated GH concentrations (areas under concentration curves) were different (dwarfs > controls, P < 0.02; half-siblings > controls, P=0.08). Responses of GH to xylazine and to a GH-releasing factor analogue were similar in dwarfs and half-siblings. Relative gene expression of IGF-1, IGF-2, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor, IGF-1 type-1 and -2 receptors (IGF-1R, IGF-2R), and IGF binding proteins were measured in liver and anconeus muscle. GHR mRNA levels were different in liver (dwarfs < controls, P < 0.002; dwarfs < half-siblings, P = 0.06; half-siblings < controls, P = 0.08) but not in muscle. IGF-1R mRNA abundance in liver in half-siblings and controls was 2.4- and 2.5fold higher (P = 0.003 and P = 0.00 1, respectively ) and in muscle tissue was 2.3- and 1.8-fold higher (P=0.01 and P=0.08, respectively) than in dwarfs. Hepatic IGF-IR protein levels (Western blots) in muscle were 2.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) and in liver and muscle (quantitative immunohistochemistry) were higher (P < 0.02 and P < 0.07, respectively) in half-siblings than in dwarfs. The reduced presence of IGF- 1R may have been the underlying cause 4 dwarfism in studied calves. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. Univ Vet Med Hannover, Clin Cattle, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Blum, JW (reprint author), Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Bremgartenstr 109A, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM juerg.blum@itz.unibe.ch NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 245 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.05.007 PG 24 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 212CX UT WOS:000249572300001 PM 16829014 ER PT J AU Fiorotto, ML Lopez, R Rosenberger, R Davis, TA Gomez, AJ Malphus, EW AF Fiorotto, M. L. Lopez, R. Rosenberger, R. Davis, T. A. Gomez, A. J. Malphus, E. W. TI Inadequate satellite cell replication compromises muscle regrowth following postnatal nutrient restriction SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fiorotto, M. L.; Lopez, R.; Rosenberger, R.; Davis, T. A.; Gomez, A. J.; Malphus, E. W.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. EM martaf@bcm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 83 SU 1 BP S58 EP S58 DI 10.1016/S0378-3782(07)70091-9 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 232YS UT WOS:000251058200092 ER PT J AU Busing, RT Solomon, AM McKane, RB Burdick, CA AF Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. McKane, Robert B. Burdick, Connie A. TI Forest dynamics in oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire; forest composition; natural disturbance; Pacific Northwest; simulation; vegetation; watershed ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; GAP MODELS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; VEGETATION; GROWTH; GRADIENTS; TEMPERATURE; SUCCESSION; BIOMASS AB The FORCLIM model of forest dynamics was tested against field survey data for its ability to simulate basal area and composition of old forests across broad climatic gradients in western Oregon, USA. The model was also tested for its ability to capture successional trends in ecoregions of the west Cascade Range. It was then applied to simulate present and future (1990-2050) forest landscape dynamics of a watershed in the west Cascades. Various regimes of climate change and harvesting in the watershed were considered in the landscape application. The model was able to capture much of the variation ill forest basal area and composition in western Oregon even though temperature and precipitation were the only inputs that were varied among simulated sites. The measured decline in total basal area from tall coastal forests eastward to interior steppe was matched by simulations. Changes in simulated forest dominants also approximated those in the actual data. Simulated abundances of a few minor species did not match actual abundances, however. Subsequent projections of climate change and harvest effects in a west Cascades landscape indicated no change in forest dominance as of 2050. Yet, climate-driven shifts in the distributions of some species were projected. The simulation of both stand-replacing and partial-stand disturbances across western Oregon improved agreement between simulated and actual data. Simulations with fire as an agent of partial disturbance suggested that frequent fires of low severity can alter forest composition and structure as much or more than severe fires at historic frequencies. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rtbusing@aol.com NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1967 EP 1981 DI 10.1890/06-1838.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220FL UT WOS:000250142500010 PM 17974335 ER PT J AU Pidgeon, AM Radeloff, VC Flather, CH Lepczyk, CA Clayton, MK Hawbaker, TJ Hammer, RB AF Pidgeon, A. M. Radeloff, V. C. Flather, C. H. Lepczyk, C. A. Clayton, M. K. Hawbaker, T. J. Hammer, R. B. TI Associations of forest bird species richness with housing and landscape patterns across the USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey (BBS); biodiversity; birds; estimated richness; forest; guilds; housing; human population; landscape; National Land Carer Data (NLCD); US Census; woodland ID UNITED-STATES; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; MIGRATORY BIRDS; LAND-USE; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; URBANIZING LANDSCAPE; NESTING SUCCESS; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION AB In the United States, housing density has substantially increased in and adjacent to forests. Our goal in this study was to identify how housing density and human populations are associated with avian diversity. We compared these associations to those between landscape pattern and avian diversity, and we examined how these associations vary across the conterminous forested United States. Using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, the U.S. Census, and the National Land Cover Database, we focused on forest and woodland bird communities and conducted our analysis at multiple levels of model specificity, first using a coarse-thematic resolution (basic models), then using a larger number of fine-thematic resolution variables (refined models). We found that housing development was associated with forest bird species richness in all forested ecoregions of the conterminous United States. However, there were important differences among ecoregions. In the basic models, housing density accounted for < 5% of variance in avian species richness. In refined models, 85% of models included housing density and/or residential land cover as significant variables. The strongest guild response was demonstrated in the Adirondack-New England ecoregion, where 29% of variation in richness of the permanent resident guild was associated with housing density. Model improvements due to regional stratification were most pronounced for cavity nesters and short-distance migrants, suggesting that these guilds may be especially sensitive to regional processes. The varying patterns of association between avian richness and attributes associated with landscape structure suggested that landscape context was an important mediating factor affecting how biodiversity responds to landscape changes. Our analysis suggested that simple, broadly applicable, land use recommendations cannot be derived from our results. Rather, anticipating future avian response to land use intensification (or reversion to native vegetation) has to be conditioned on the current landscape context and the species group of interest. Our results show that housing density and residential land cover were significant predictors of forest bird species richness, and their prediction strengths are likely to increase as development continues. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pidgeon, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM apidgeon@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 72 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1989 EP 2010 DI 10.1890/06-1489.1 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220FL UT WOS:000250142500012 PM 17974337 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Abraham, CE Radeloff, VC Hawbaker, TJ Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Clayton, MK AF Gonzalez-Abraham, Charlotte E. Radeloff, Volker C. Hawbaker, Todd J. Hammer, Roger B. Stewart, Susan I. Clayton, Murray K. TI Patterns of houses and habitat loss from 1937 to 1999 in northern Wisconsin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE clustered development; disturbance zone; exurban; habitat loss; housing growth; rural sprawl ID LAND-USE; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; LAKESHORE DEVELOPMENT; HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; VILAS COUNTY AB Rural America is witnessing widespread housing development, which is to the detriment of the environment. It has been suggested to cluster houses so that their disturbance zones overlap and thus cause less habitat loss than is the case for dispersed development. Clustering houses makes intuitive sense, but few empirical studies have quantified the spatial pattern of houses in real landscapes, assessed changes in their patterns over time, and quantified the resulting habitat loss. We addressed three basic questions: (1) What are the spatial patterns of houses and how do they change over time; (2) How much habitat is lost due to houses, and how is this affected by spatial pattern of houses; and (3) What type of habitat is most affected by housing development. We mapped 27 419 houses from aerial photos for five time periods in 17 townships in northern Wisconsin and calculated the terrestrial land area remaining after buffering each house using 100- and 500-m disturbance zones. The number of houses increased by 353% between 1937 and 1999. Ripley's K test showed that houses were significantly clustered at all time periods and at all scales. Due to the clustering, the rate at which habitat was lost (176% and 55% for 100- and 500-m buffers, respectively) was substantially lower than housing growth rates, and most land area was undisturbed (95% and 61% for 100-m and 500-m buffers, respectively). Houses were strongly clustered within 100 m of lakes. Habitat loss was lowest in wetlands but reached up to (10% in deciduous forests. Our results are encouraging in that clustered development is common in northern Wisconsin, and habitat loss is thus limited. However, the concentration of development along lakeshores causes concern, because these may be critical habitats for many species. Conservation goals can only be met if policies promote clustered development and simultaneously steer development away from sensitive ecosystems. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Sociol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Radeloff, VC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM radeloff@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Gonzalez-Abraham, Charlotte/0000-0002-6436-8440 NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2011 EP 2023 DI 10.1890/06-1963.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220FL UT WOS:000250142500013 PM 17974338 ER PT J AU Rice, EW Adcock, NJ Sivaganesan, M Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE AF Rice, Eugene W. Adcock, Noreen J. Sivaganesan, Mano Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne, David E. TI Chlorine inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; PERSISTENCE; TURKEYS; DUCKS AB To determine resistance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus to chlorination, we exposed allantoic fluid containing 2 virus strains to chlorinated buffer at pH 7 and 8, at YC. Free chlorine concentrations typically used in drinking water treatment are sufficient to inactivate the virus by > 3 orders of magnitude. C1 US EPA, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Rice, EW (reprint author), US EPA, Water Infrastruct Protect Div, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rice.gene@epa.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1568 EP 1570 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 217QQ UT WOS:000249962800026 PM 18258010 ER PT J AU Siderhurst, MS Jang, EB Hara, AH Conant, P AF Siderhurst, Matthew S. Jang, Eric B. Hara, Arnold H. Conant, Patrick TI n-Butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate: sex pheromone component of the nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE GC-EAD; invasive species; Lepidoptera; Limacodidae; field trials; wind tunnel ID IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTANTS; LEPIDOPTERA AB The nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is an invasive pest on the island of Hawai'i, causing defoliation of ornamental nursery stock and posing a human health hazard due to their urticating hairs that can cause painful stings. Wind tunnel and field tests with 2-3-day-old moths revealed behavioral responses of males to caged females, which is indicative of a female-released sex pheromone. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) analysis of female abdominal tip extracts revealed two male electroantennographically active compounds produced by female D. pallivitta. Mass spectral analysis and subsequent synthesis identified the active compounds as n-butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (major component) and ethyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (minor component), both structurally similar to sex pheromone components previously reported from related Darna spp. Additionally, methyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate was identified from female abdominal tip extracts and a strong EAD response was elicited by the synthetic compound. n-Butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate was the only component detected by solid phase microextraction (SPME) collections from single calling female moths, however, the apparent absence of minor components may be a result of their lower abundance. Field trials showed significant attraction of male moths to all lures containing the n-butyl ester, while the methyl and ethyl esters did not increase trap captures at the levels and ratios tested. Synthetic pheromone lures (2.5 mg) outperformed virgin moths as attractant baits and could be used for monitoring D. pallivitta populations of the island of Hawai'i and detection on other Hawai'ian islands and at ports and nurseries that receive plants from Hawai'i (e.g., California and Florida). C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Hawai Dept Agr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), Eastern Mennonite Univ, 1200 Pk Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. EM ms826@emu.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00593.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 206ZT UT WOS:000249222100008 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Sanderson, JP Wraight, SP AF Ugine, Todd A. Sanderson, John P. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Developmental times and life tables for shore flies, Scatella tenuicosta (Diptera : Ephydridae), at three temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scatella tenuicosta; temperature; development; fecundity; life tables ID STAGNALIS; ROCKWOOL; BIOLOGY AB Development times and survivorship of immature shore flies and longevity and reproduction of adult shore flies, Scatella tenuicosta Collin, reared on algae-infested filter paper, were studied at three temperatures (constant 20, 26, and 28.5 degrees C) through life table analysis. The development time for each individual life stage and the total time from egg to adult decreased with increasing temperature. Duration of the third (ultimate) larval instar ranged from 3.3 +/- 0.09 d at 20 degrees C to 1.4 +/- 0.04 d at 28.5 degrees C and was 1.7-1.9 times longer than the approximately equal first and second instars. Development of male and female shore flies from egg to adult needed an average of 14.5 +/- 0.13, 8.2 +/- 0.05, and 7.0 +/- 0.04 d at 20, 26, and 28.5 degrees C, respectively, and needed an estimated 154.4 +/- 1.2 thermal units (degree days). At these respective temperatures, adult females lived 21.8 +/- 2.2, 19.9 +/- 2.4, and 15.0 1.4 d and produced 379 +/- 62, 710 +/- 119, and 477 +/- 83 eggs during oviposition periods of 14.3 +/- 2.1,15.0 +/- 2.2, and 10.8 +/- 1.4 d; daily lifetime egg production averaged 16.3 +/- 2.3,33.5 +/- 3.8, and 29.7 +/- 3.5. Developmental stage-specific mortality was relatively low for all life stages at all temperatures, with maximum percent mortalities of 5.7% occurring in both the egg stage and in the third instar. The highest net reproductive rate (R-o) was obtained for insects reared at 26 degrees C and was 329.6. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) was highest at 28.5 degrees C and was 0.430. Generation time and doubling time of the population were shortest at 28.5 degrees C and were 12.4 and 1.6 d, respectively. Results suggested that 26 degrees C was near optimum for reproduction. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wraight, SP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[989:DTALTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900001 PM 18284719 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, G AF Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Rojas, Guadalupe TI Importance of lipids for queen fecundity and colony growth of coptotennes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formosan subterranean termite; incipient colonies; nutrition; artificial diet; lecithin ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; INCIPIENT COLONIES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SURVIVAL; SHIRAKI AB The importance of lipids for queen fecundity and colony growth of Coptotermes fomosanus Shiraki was studied. Groups of 100 incipient colonies of C. formosanus were reared on artificial diet containing nine different soy lecithin concentrations. Eggs were counted every 15 d for a 5-mo period at 27 +/- 1 degrees C, 93 +/- 5% RH, and 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Fecundity per queen was estimated using a developmental rate-based graphic integration technique. At the end of a 1-yr period, the progeny of each colony was counted and recorded. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in queen fecundity and hatched progeny in colonies raised on various diets. Single linear regression analysis showed a small but significant linear increase in queen fecundity and hatched progeny per colony with increasing lecithin concentration. Increase in lecithin concentration explained approximate to 2,4, and 8% of the increase in queen fecundity of colonies surviving 6 mo and I yr and number of workers and soldiers in 1 yr-old colonies, respectively. This indicates that, although intake of lipids increases queen fecundity and colony growth of C.formosarim, other factors not measured in this study alone or in combination with lecithin play major roles. C1 USDA ARS, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NBCL, 59 Lee Rd,POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Juan.MoralesRamos@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1017 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1014:IOLFQF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900004 PM 18284722 ER PT J AU Torto, B Arbogast, RT Van Engelsdorp, D Willms, S Purcell, D Boucias, D Tumlinson, JH Teal, PEA AF Torto, Baldwyn Arbogast, Richard T. Van Engelsdorp, Dennis Willms, Steven Purcell, Dusti Boucias, Drion Tumlinson, James H. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Trapping of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colonies with an in-hive baited trap SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; small hive beetle; honey bee; Apis mellifera; pollen dough ID HONEY-BEE; VOLATILES; BIOLOGY; PHEROMONES; FRUIT AB The effectiveness of two lures for trapping the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, by means of in-hive traps was tested by field trials in apiaries located in Florida, Delaware, and Pennsylvania during 2003-2005. Both lures included a mixture (pollen dough) consisting of bee pollen and commercial pollen substitute formulated with or without glycerol and honey. Before it was used in the traps, the dough was conditioned either by the feeding of adult small hive beetles or by inoculation with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (NRRL Y-30722). Traps baited with conditioned dough captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, and traps positioned under the bottom board of a hive captured significantly more beetles than traps located at the top of a hive. In fact, baited in-hive bottom board traps nearly eliminated the beetles from colonies at a pollination site in Florida. However, when these honey bee colonies were moved to an apiary, trap catch increased markedly over time, indicating a resurgence of the beetle population produced by immigration of beetles from nearby hives or emerging from the soil. In tests at three Florida apiaries during 2006, yeast-inoculated dough baited bottom board traps captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, showing the effectiveness of yeast-inoculated dough as a lure and its potential as a tool in managing the small hive beetle. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi 3077200100, Kenya. Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1024 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1018:TOATMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900005 PM 18284723 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Mathews, CR AF Brown, M. W. Mathews, Clarissa R. TI Conservation biological control of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), in Eastern North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interplanting; extrafloral nectar; Harmonia axyridis; Malus x domestica; Prunus persica ID AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA; FLOWERING PLANTS; LADYBIRD BEETLE; ARTHROPOD PESTS; COVER CROPS; ORCHARDS AB Because of the potentially serious damage rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae), can cause to apple fruit and branch development, prophylactic insecticides are often used for control. If biological control could be relied on, the amount of pesticide applied in orchards could be reduced. This study examined biological control of rosy apple aphid in eastern West Virginia and the potential for enhancement through conservation biological control, in particular, the effect of interplanting extrafloral nectar-bearing peach trees. By 20 d after first bloom, only 2% of fundatrices initially present survived to form colonies based on regression of data from 687 colonies. Exclusion studies showed that many of the early colonies were probably destroyed by predation; the major predator responsible seemed to be adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Mortality before apple bloom was most important in controlling rosy apple aphid population growth but by itself is not sufficiently reliable to prevent economic injury. Interplanting of extrafloral nectar-bearing trees did not increase biological control, and interplanting with 50% trees with extrafloral nectar glands reduced biological control. The number of leaf curl colonies in the 50% interplanted orchards was lower than in monoculture orchards, suggesting a preference of alate oviparae for more diverse habitats, supporting the resource concentration hypothesis but not at a level sufficient to prevent injury. Predation and parasitism after the formation' of leaf curl colonies was not adequate to control rosy apple aphid populations. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mark.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1139 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1131:CBCORA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900019 PM 18284737 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, W. H. TI Effect of host instar on measuring parasitism of Lygrus spp. (Hemiptera : Miridae) nymphs by Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Lygus lineolaris; Peristenus digoneutis and howardi; measuring parasitism ID PLANT BUG HEMIPTERA; DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; HOMOPTERA; ALFALFA; MORTALITY; CROPS AB The accurate measurement of insect mortality by parasites is critical in biological control research, both in baseline studies to determine the absence or inadequacy of native parasites and in subsequent efforts to measure the effectiveness of introduced endoparasitic species. Although rearing has been most frequently used to measure parasitism, dissection has been shown to be more accurate in several cases. Selection of the host instar, whether for rearing or dissection, was also found to be important in this study. In two species [Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) and L. hesperus Knight], parasitism by Peristenus digoneutis Loan and P. howardi Shaw, respectively, was highest in instars 3 and 4. Parasitism was underestimated in instars 1 and 2 (because of reduced exposure time) and in instar 5 (because of parasites killing the hosts in instar 4). C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM william.day@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1158 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1154:EOHIOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900022 PM 18284740 ER PT J AU Pietrantonio, PV Junek, TA Parker, R Mott, D Siders, K Troxclair, N Vargas-Camplis, J Westbrook, JK Vassiliou, VA AF Pietrantonio, P. V. Junek, T. A. Parker, R. Mott, D. Siders, K. Troxclair, N. Vargas-Camplis, J. Westbrook, J. K. Vassiliou, V. A. TI Detection and evolution of resistance to the pyrethroid cypermethrin in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) populations in Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; pyrethroid resistance frequencies; adult vial bioassay; bollworm migration; cotton ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HIGH-PLAINS; BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSGENIC COTTON; FIELD POPULATIONS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; INSECTICIDE; CYTOCHROME-P450; HETEROPTERA AB The bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a key pest of cotton in Texas. Bollworm populations are widely controlled with pyrethroid insecticides in cotton and exposed to pyrethroids in other major crops such as grain sorghum, corn, and soybeans. A statewide program that evaluated cypermethrin resistance in male bollworm populations using an adult vial test was conducted from 2003 to 2006 in the major cotton production regions of Texas. Estimated parameters from the most susceptible field population currently available (Burleson County, September 2005) were used to calculate resistance ratios and their statistical significance. Populations from several counties had statistically significant (P <= 0.05) resistance ratios for the LC50, indicating that bollworm-resistant populations are widespread in Texas. The highest resistance ratios for the LC50 were observed for populations in Burleson County in 2000 and 2003, Nueces County in 2004, and Williamson and Uvalde Counties in 2005. These findings explain the observed pyrethroid control failures in various counties in Texas. Based on the assumption that resistance is caused by a single gene, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium formula was used for estimation of frequencies for the putative resistant allele (q) using 3 and 10 mu g/vial as discriminatory dosages for susceptible and heterozygote resistant insects, respectively. The influence of migration on local levels of resistance was estimated by analysis of wind trajectories, which partially clarifies the rapid evolution of resistance to cypermethrin in bollworm populations. This approach could be used in evaluating resistance evolution in other migratory pests. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Georgetown, TX USA. Texas Cooperat Exten, Uvalde, TX USA. Patronato Invest Fomento & Sanidad Vegetal, Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Agr Res Inst, Plant Protect Sect, CY-1516 Nicosia, Cyprus. Texas Cooperat Exten, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Levalland, TX USA. RP Pietrantonio, PV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM p-pietrantonio@tamu.edu NR 62 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1188 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1174:DAEORT]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900025 PM 18284743 ER PT J AU Rose, R Dively, GP AF Rose, Robyn Dively, Galen P. TI Effects of insecticide-treated and lepidopteran-active Bt Transgenic sweet corn on the abundance and diversity of arthropods SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt sweet corn; nontarget; Cry1Ab; principal response curves ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; COTTON FIELDS; NONTARGET ARTHROPODS; FOLSOMIA-CANDIDA; NATURAL ENEMIES; COLLEMBOLA; COMMUNITY; IMPACT; PLANTS; INVERTEBRATES AB A field study was conducted over 2 yr to determine the effects of transgenic sweet corn containing a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the diversity and abundance of nontarget arthropods. The Bt hybrid (expressing Cry1Ab endotoxin for lepidopteran control) was compared with near-isogenic non-Bt and Bt hybrids treated with a foliar insecticide and with a near-isogenic non-Bt hybrid without insecticides. Plant inspections, sticky cards, and pitfall traps were used to sample a total of 573,672 arthropods, representing 128 taxonomic groups in 95 families and 18 orders. Overall biodiversity and community-level responses were not significantly affected by the transgenic hybrid. The Bt hybrid also bad no significant adverse effects on population densities of specific nontarget herbivores, decomposers, and natural enemies enumerated at the family level during the crop cycle. As expected, the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin had broad negative impacts on the abundance of many nontarget arthropods. One insecticide application in the Bt plots reduced the overall abundance of the natural enemy community by 21-48%. Five applications in the non-Bt plots reduced natural enemy communities by 33-70%. Nontarget communities affected in the insecticide-treated Bt plots exhibited some recovery, but communities exposed to five applications showed no trends toward recovery during the crop cycle. This study clearly showed that the nontarget effects of Bt transgenic sweet corn on natural enemies and other arthropods were minimal and far less than the community-level disruptions caused by lambda-cyhalotbrin. C1 Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Rose, R (reprint author), Dept Entomol, 4112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM galen@umd.edu NR 38 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1268 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1254:EOIALB]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220AI UT WOS:000250128900033 PM 18284751 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Korfmacher, JL AF Musselman, Robert C. Korfmacher, John L. TI Air quality at a snowmobile staging area and snow chemistry on and off trail in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest, Snowy Range, Wyoming SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE anions; carbon monoxide; cations; dispersion; high elevation; nitrogen oxides; ozone; particulate matter; winter recreation ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS AB A study was begun in the winter of 2000-2001 and continued through the winter of 2001-2002 to examine air quality at the Green Rock snowmobile staging area at 2,985 m elevation in the Snowy Range of Wyoming. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of winter recreation snowmobile activity on air quality at this high elevation site by measuring levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx , NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O-3) and particulate matter (PM10 mass). Snowmobile numbers were higher weekends than weekdays, but numbers were difficult to quantify with an infrared sensor. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide were significantly higher weekends than weekdays. Ozone and particulate matter were not significantly different during the weekend compared to weekdays. Air quality data during the summer was also compared to the winter data. Carbon monoxide levels at the site were significantly higher during the winter than during the summer. Nitrogen oxides and particulates were significantly higher during the summer compared to winter. Nevertheless, air pollutants were well dispersed and diluted by strong winds common at the site, and it appears that snowmobile emissions did not have a significant impact on air quality at this high elevation ecosystem. Pollutant concentrations were generally low both winter and summer. In a separate study, water chemistry and snow density were measured from snow samples collected on and adjacent to a snowmobile trail. Snow on the trail was significantly denser and significantly more acidic with significantly higher concentrations of sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, and sulfate than in snow off the trail. Snowmobile activity had no effect on nitrate levels in snow. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rmusselman@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-3 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9587-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209QU UT WOS:000249403900030 PM 17286173 ER PT J AU McNulty, SG Cohen, EC Myers, JAM Sullivan, TJ Li, H AF McNulty, Steven G. Cohen, Erika C. Myers, Jennifer A. Moore Sullivan, Timothy J. Li, Harbin TI Estimates of critical acid loads and exceedances for forest soils across the conterminous United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Pollution Workshop 2006 CY APR 10, 2006 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA HO Univ Virginia DE critical load; nitrogen; United States; forests; sulfur ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BARK PROPERTIES; NEW-YORK; MOUNTAIN AB Concern regarding the impacts of continued nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ecosystem health has prompted the development of critical acid load assessments for forest soils. A critical acid load is a quantitative estimate of exposure to one or more pollutants at or above which harmful acidification-related effects on sensitive elements of the environment occur. A pollutant load in excess of a critical acid load is termed exceedance. This study combined a simple mass balance equation with national-scale databases to estimate critical acid load and exceedance for forest soils at a 1-km(2) spatial resolution across the conterminous US. This study estimated that about 15% of US forest soils are in exceedance of their critical acid load by more than 250 eq ha(-1) yr(-1), including much of New England and West Virginia. Very few areas of exceedance were predicted in the western US. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. E&S Environm Chem Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; eccohen@fs.fed.us; jmooremyers@fs.fed.us; tim.Sullivan@esenvironmental.com; hli@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VB UT WOS:000250042100004 PM 17629382 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH McNulty, SG Boggs, JL Duke, S AF Pardo, Linda H. McNulty, Steven G. Boggs, Johnny L. Duke, Sara TI Regional patterns in foliar N-15 across a gradient of nitrogen deposition in the northeastern US SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Pollution Workshop 2006 CY APR 10, 2006 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA HO Univ Virginia DE N saturation; stable isotopes; spruce-fir; northern hardwood forests ID CHRONIC N FERTILIZATION; SPRUCE-FIR STAND; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; RED SPRUCE; SOIL-NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITRATE LOSS; 2 WATERSHEDS AB Recent studies have demonstrated that natural abundance N-15 can be a useful tool for assessing nitrogen saturation, because as nitrification and nitrate loss increase, delta N-15 of foliage and soil also increases. We measured foliar delta N-15 at I I high-elevation spruce-fir stands along an N deposition gradient in 1987-1988 and at seven paired northern hardwood and spruce-fir stands in 1999. In 1999, foliar delta(15) N increased from -5.2 to -0.7 parts per thousand with increasing N deposition from Maine to NY. Foliar delta N-15 decreased between 1987-1988 and 1999, while foliar %N increased and foliar C:N decreased at most sites. Foliar delta(15) N was strongly correlated with N deposition, and was also positively correlated with net nitrification potential and negatively correlated with soil C:N ratio. Although the increase in foliar %N is consistent with a progression towards N saturation, other results of this study suggest that, in 1999, these stands were further from N saturation than in 1987-1988. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Area Off, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VB UT WOS:000250042100005 PM 17643595 ER PT J AU Boggs, JL McNulty, SG Pardo, LH AF Boggs, Johnny L. McNulty, Steven G. Pardo, Linda H. TI Changes in conifer and deciduous forest foliar and forest floor chemistry and basal area tree growth across a nitrogen (N) deposition gradient in the northeastern US SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Pollution Workshop 2006 CY APR 10, 2006 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA HO Univ Virginia DE N saturation; spruce-fir; N deposition gradient; northern hardwood forests ID MONTANE RED SPRUCE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; FERTILIZATION; ADDITIONS; DECLINE; TOLERANCE; EXCHANGE; BIOMASS; NITRATE; CARBON AB We evaluated foliar and forest floor chemistry across a gradient of N deposition in the Northeast at I I red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) sites in 1987/1988 and foliar and forest floor chemistry and basal area growth at six paired spruce and deciduous sites in 1999. The six red spruce plots were a subset of the original 1987/1988 spruce sites. In 1999, we observed a significant correlation between mean growing season temperature and red spruce basal area growth. Red spruce and deciduous foliar %N correlated significantly with N deposition. Although N deposition has not changed significantly from 1987/1988 to 1999, net nitrification potential decreased significantly at Whiteface. This decrease in net potential nitrification is not consistent with the N saturation hypothesis and suggests that non-N deposition controls, such as climatic factors and immobilization of down dead wood, might have limited N cycling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Boggs, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300,Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jboggs@ncsu.edu; steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VB UT WOS:000250042100006 PM 17600603 ER PT J AU Li, H McNulty, SG AF Li, Harbin McNulty, Steven G. TI Uncertainty analysis on simple mass balance model to calculate critical loads for soil acidity SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Pollution Workshop 2006 CY APR 10, 2006 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA HO Univ Virginia DE critical load; uncertainty analysis; error partition; sensitivity ID QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY; WEATHERING RATE; PROFILE MODEL; PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION AB Simple mass balance equations (SMBE) of critical acid loads (CAL) in forest soil were developed to assess potential risks of air pollutants to ecosystems. However, to apply SMBE reliably at large scales, SMBE must be tested for adequacy and uncertainty. Our goal was to provide a detailed analysis of uncertainty in SMBE so that sound strategies for scaling up CAL estimates to the national scale could be developed. Specifically, we wanted to quantify CAL uncertainty under natural variability in 17 model parameters, and determine their relative contributions in predicting CAL. Results indicated that uncertainty in CAL came primarily from components of base cation weathering (BC,; 49%) and acid neutralizing capacity (46%), whereas the most critical parameters were BC, base rate (62%), soil depth (20%), and soil temperature (11%). Thus, improvements in estimates of these factors are crucial to reducing uncertainty and successfully scaling up SMBE for national assessments of CAL. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM hli@fs.fed.us; steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.014 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VB UT WOS:000250042100007 PM 17597271 ER PT J AU Staszak, J Grulke, NE Marrett, MJ Prus-Glowacki, W AF Staszak, J. Grulke, N. E. Marrett, M. J. Prus-Glowacki, W. TI Isozyme markers associated with O-3 tolerance indicate shift in genetic structure of ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in Sequoia National Park, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Pollution Workshop 2006 CY APR 10, 2006 CL Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA HO Univ Virginia DE genetic structure; isozymes; Pinus ponderosa; Pinus jeffreyi; ozone exposure ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; NORWAY SPRUCE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; OZONE INJURY; ZINC SMELTER; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTANTS AB Effects of canopy ozone (O-3) exposure and signatures of genetic structure using isozyme markers associated With O-3 tolerance were analyzed in similar to 20-, similar to 80-, and >200-yr-old ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) in Sequoia National Park, California. For both species, the number of alleles and genotypes per loci was higher in parental trees relative to saplings. In ponderosa pine, the heterozygosity value increased, and the fixation index indicated reduction of homozygosity with increasing tree age class. The opposite tendencies were observed for Jeffrey pine. Utilizing canopy attributes known to be responsive to O-3 exposure, ponderosa pine was more symptomatic than Jeffrey pine, and saplings were more symptomatic than old growth trees. We suggest that these trends are related to differing sensitivity of the two species to O-3 exposure, and to higher O-3 exposures and drought stress that younger trees may have experienced during germination and establishment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Genet, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218VB UT WOS:000250042100012 PM 17698266 ER PT J AU Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Torrents, A AF Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E. Rice, Clifford P. Torrents, Alba TI Fate of octyl- and nonylphenol ethoxylates and some carboxylated derivatives in three American wastewater treatment plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; ESTROGENICITY DETERMINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE WATERS; ENVIRONMENT; EFFLUENTS; SEDIMENTS; FISH; POLYETHOXYLATES AB The fate of a comprehensive group of nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and several of their carboxylated derivatives was studied in three American wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), two of which included advanced treatment. Influent and effluent concentrations of the alkylphenolic compounds (APEs) in the three plants were very similar, but effluent concentrations showed a seasonal dependency: both carboxylate and ethoxylate concentrations in the effluents were higher in winter than in summer. Sorption to particulate matter was higher for nonylphenolic compounds than for their octylphenolic counterparts, in agreement with their difference in K-ow values. Both effluent concentrations and the removal efficiency of the APEOs were strongly correlated to water temperature, but no correlation was found with suspended solids or organic carbon removal. Although APEO removal from wastewater was high, overall removal from the WWTPs, including APEOs in waste sludge and transformation products, was relatively low and suggested that advanced treatment does not invariably result in better APEO removal. Additionally, a survey of urban sewers suggested that household products still constitute an important source of the APEOs reaching WWTPs. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu NR 27 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6815 EP 6821 DI 10.1021/es070713i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 215WV UT WOS:000249840600032 PM 17969700 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD Albrecht, U Graham, JH Bright, DB AF Bowman, Kim D. Albrecht, Ute Graham, James H. Bright, Diane B. TI Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae and P-palmivora in citrus roots using PCR-RFLP in comparison with other methods SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ITS regions; phytophthora root rot ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIAPREPES WEEVIL; P-CITROPHTHORA; NESTED-PCR; INFESTANS; DNA; DISEASE; FLORIDA; TREES; SOIL AB Phytophthora nicotianae and P. palmivora are the most important soil-borne pathogens of citrus in Florida. These two species were detected and identified in singly and doubly infected plants using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. The sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP was analyzed and the usefulness of the method evaluated as an alternative or supplement to serological methods and recovery on semi-selective medium. In a semi-nested PCR with universal primers ITS4 and ITS6, the detection limit was 1 fg of fungal DNA, which made it 1000x more sensitive than a single-step PCR with primers ITS4 and DC6. The sensitivity of detection for P. nicotianae was shown to be ten-fold lower than for P. palmivora, limiting its detection with restriction profiles in plants infected by both fungal species. Phytophthora nicotianae was detected with species-specific primers in all samples inoculated with this species despite the absence of species-specific patterns in RFLP. In contrast, the incidence of detection of P. palmivora in the presence of P. nicotianae was considerably lower using plating and morphological detection methods. Due to its high sensitivity, PCR amplification of ribosomal ITS regions is a valuable tool for detecting and identifying Phytophthora spp. in citrus roots, provided a thorough knowledge of reaction conditions for the target species is established prior to the interpretation of data. C1 USDA ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM kim.bowman@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9135-7 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 207OF UT WOS:000249259700001 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA Travisano, M Tahiliani, KG AF Waterland, Robert A. Travisano, Michael Tahiliani, Kajal G. TI Response to "Methyl donors change the germline epigenetic state of the A(vy) allele" SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID INHERITANCE; MOUSE C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 3021 EP 3022 DI 10.1096/fj.071003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 215BE UT WOS:000249781600003 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA Travisano, M Tahiliani, KG AF Waterland, Robert A. Travisano, Michael Tahiliani, Kajal G. TI Diet-induced hypermethylation at agouti viable yellow is not inherited transgenerationally through the female SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE transgenerational epigenetic inheritance; DNA; methylation; methyl supplementation; nutrition ID EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA METHYLATION; MOUSE; MICE; MAMMALS; ALLELE; LOCUS AB The effects of nonmutagenic environmental exposures can sometimes be transmitted for several generations, suggesting transgenerational inheritance of induced epigenetic variation. Methyl donor supplementation of female mice during pregnancy induces CpG hypermethylation at the agouti viable yellow ( A(vy)) allele in A(vy)/a offspring. Epigenetic inheritance occurs at A(vy); when passed through the female germ line, A(vy) epigenotype is not completely "reset." We therefore tested whether diet-induced epigenetic alterations at A(vy) are inherited transgenerationally. Female A(vy)/a mice were weaned onto either control ( n = 6) or a methyl-supplemented diet ( n = 5). These F0 dams were mated with a/a males. All F1 and F2 A(vy)/a females were weaned onto the same diet as their mothers, then mated with a/a males. F1, F2, and F3 A(vy)/a offspring were classified for coat color, an indicator of A(vy) methylation. In total, 62 F1, 98 F2, and 209 F3 A(vy)/a mice were studied. As expected, average A(vy)/a coat color was darker in the supplemented group ( P< 0.01). However, there was no cumulative effect of supplementation across successive generations. These results suggest that, in the female germ line, diet-induced A(vy) hypermethylation occurs in the absence of additional epigenetic modifications that normally confer transgenerational epigenetic inheritance at the locus. - Waterland, R. A., Travisano, M., Tahiliani, K. G. Diet-induced hypermethylation at agouti viable yellow is not inherited transgenerationally through the female. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu OI Travisano, Michael/0000-0001-8168-0842 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01DK070007] NR 23 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 17 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 12 BP 3380 EP 3385 DI 10.1096/fj.07-8229com PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 215BE UT WOS:000249781600038 PM 17551099 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ He, H Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Lowry, Virginia K. Nisbet, David J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Dynamics of the avian inflammatory response to Salmonella following administration of the toll-like receptor 5 agonist flagellin SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; heterophil; toll-like receptor; Salmonella; flagellin ID ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INNATE IMMUNITY; CHICKEN HETEROPHILS; UNITED-STATES; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS AB Previous work has shown that flagellin (FGN) is a potent stimulator in vitro of phagocytic cell functions of chickens. The purpose of this study was to define the effects of FGN on the inflammatory response to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in chickens. Intra-abdominal (IA) FGN administration caused significant increases in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) compared with SE-injected controls at 4 and 8 h postinjection (P <= 0.05). The heterophil (PMN) was the predominant cell responsible for the increased numbers of leukocytes in the peripheral blood. In the abdominal cavity, leukocyte infiltrates were significantly greater in FGN-injected (8 h) and SE/FGN-injected (4 and 24 h) birds than in the SE-injected control birds. Again, the predominant leukocyte infiltrating the abdominal cavity was the PMN. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-injected protein control birds showed no increases in PBL or in abdominal cell leukocyte infiltrates over saline-injected controls. In IA challenge studies, FGN reduced SE-associated mortality (26%) compared with mortality of 51% in the SE group (P <= 0.05). BSA-injected/SE-challenged chicks had mortality similar to that of the SE group. The data suggest that FGN is a potent stimulator of a heterophil-mediated innate immune response in vivo, protecting against bacterial infections in chickens. C1 So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), So Plains Agr Res Ctr, US Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM genovese@ffsru.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00286.x PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 210AH UT WOS:000249428600013 PM 17640291 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Johnston, DB Hotchkiss, AT Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Johnston, David B. Hotchkiss, Arland T. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Corn fiber gum: A potential gum arabic replacer for beverage flavor emulsification SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; arabinoxylan; emulsions; emulsifying activity; emulsion stability; emulsifier; emulsifying properties; O-in-W emulsion; homogenization; high pressure homogenizer ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; MAIZE BRAN; CELL-WALLS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; EXTRACTION; HEMICELLULOSE; EMULSIONS; PROTEINS; OIL; COMPONENTS AB The US food industry would benefit from a domestically produced gum with a dependable supply and consistent quality that can be used for preparing oil-in-water (O-in-W) emulsions, such as citrus oil emulsions for beverages. Corn fiber gum (CFG) is an arabinoxylan (hemicellulose) extracted from the corn kernel pericarp and/or endosperm fiber fractions that can possibly fulfill this need. In this study two different types of CFG, CFG-1 and 2, were prepared from corn fiber collected from different wet or dry corn milling facilities by (a) sequential alkaline extraction and alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching and (b) an additional alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of the alkali treated residue, respectively. CFG-1 might be linked to the cell wall matrix through ester linkages and CFG-2 by non-ester linkages and/or other strong interactions. The stabilization of O-in-W emulsions by corn fiber and acacia gums was investigated by preparing emulsions with a high pressure homogenizer and monitoring the emulsion breakage by turbidity measurements. All CFG samples were effective emulsifiers but CFG-2 extracted separately from three different corn fiber sources was determined to be a better emulsifier than the corresponding CFG-1. CFGs isolated from wet milled pericarp and endosperm fiber and wet milled pericarp fiber have a higher protein content than CFGs isolated from dry milled pericarp fiber and were determined to be better emulsifiers for the O-in-W emulsion system. The emulsifying properties of all CFGs including an industrial grade commercial CFG were determined to be better than native and modified acacia gums. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1022 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.07.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 167XA UT WOS:000246484600003 ER PT J AU Velugoti, PR Rajagopal, L Juneja, V Thippareddi, H AF Velugoti, Padmanabha Reddy Rajagopal, Lakshman Juneja, Vijay Thippareddi, Harshavardhan TI Use of calcium, potassium, and sodium lactates to control germination and outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens spores during chilling of injected pork SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; injected pork; lactates; chilling ID ROAST BEEF; TOXIN PRODUCTION; GROUND-BEEF; BOTULINUM; PRODUCTS; STRAINS; CITRATE; GROWTH AB Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during abusive chilling regimes was investigated by the incorporation of lactates of calcium (CaL), potassium (KL) and sodium (NaL) in injected pork. Lactates (Ca, K, or Na) were incorporated into injected pork samples at four different concentrations (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.8%), along with a no-lactate control. A three-strain cocktail of C perfringens spores was inoculated into the product (injected pork) to obtain a final spore population of ca. 2.0-2.5 log(10) CFU/g. Chilling of injected pork (control) from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C within 6.5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 h exponential chill rates resulted in C perfringens population increases of 0.49, 2.40, 4.02, 5.03, 6.24, and 6.30 log(10) CFU/g, respectively. Addition of CaL at 1.0% or KL and NaL >= 2.0% to injected pork was able to control C. perfringens germination and outgrowth to < 1 log CFU/g, meeting the USDA-FSIS performance standard. However, extension of chilling rates beyond 9.0 It (up to 21 h) required addition of CaL (>= 2.0%), KL or NaL (>= 3.0%) to meet the stabilization performance standard. In general, CaL was more effective compared to KL or NaL for all the chilling regimes, in reducing the potential risk of C. perfringens germination and outgrowth. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Thippareddi, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hthippareddi2@unl.edu RI rajagopal, lakshman/L-4577-2013 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2007.04.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 209DN UT WOS:000249369300003 PM 17613365 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Fordham, IM AF Wang, Shiow Y. Fordham, Ingrid M. TI Differences in chemical composition and antioxidant capacity among different genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate Thunb.) SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autumn olive; fruit quality; antioxidant capacity; antioxidant enzyme activity ID SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE METHOD; BETA-CAROTENE; LYCOPENE; GLUTATHIONE; ASSAY; THIDIAZURON AB Fruit from six genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate Thunb.); Brilliant Rose, Delightful, Jewel, Natural 1, Natural 2 and Sweet N Tart; were evaluated for fruit quality, phenolic content, carotenoids, antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. The fruit soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acids (TA), total carotenoids, and total phenolic content varied with genotypes. Soluble solids content (SSC) in six genotypes of autumn olive ranged from 10.6 to 18.4%, while titratable acids ranged from 0.79 to 1.29%. Jewel had the highest SSC and Sweet N Tart had the highest TA. Fructose and glucose were the two predominant sugars, and malic acid was the predominant organic acid found in autumn olive fruit. Jewel and Sweet N Tart cultivars had the highest sugar and organic acid content among the six genotypes. Autumn olive had potent free radical scavenging activities for 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS(+.)), peroxyl radical (ROO.), superoxide radicals (O-2(-.)), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)). Autumn olive also had high activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GHS-POD), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR). Among the six genotypes, Brilliant Rose and Jewel had the highest levels of antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme activity. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.; Fordham, Ingrid M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU FACULTY FOOD TECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY PI ZAGREB PA UNIV ZAGREB, KACIECEVA 23, 41000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 1330-9862 J9 FOOD TECHNOL BIOTECH JI Food Technol. Biotechnol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 241UZ UT WOS:000251682600009 ER PT J AU Alderman, D Duvall, P Smith, R Bowe, S AF Alderman, Delton Duvall, Paul Smith, Robert Bowe, Scott TI Eastern white pine: Production, markets, and marketing of primary manufacturers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Eastern white pine (EWP) production and manufacturing have been a staple of the forest products industry since the arrival of the first settlers in the United States. Current EWP market segments range from cabinets to flooring to log cabins to moulding to toys. Today's EWP producers and manufacturers are faced with unprecedented challenges from substitute products, in addition to the loss or near loss of discrete markets. Our research question focused on regional differences in EWP production, quality, manufacture, markets and competition, and management. To assess EWP manufacture and production, a mail survey of EWP primary manufacturers was conducted in three regions of the eastern United States: New England (NE), Mid-Atlantic (MA), and Lake States (LS). Our findings indicate that the primary market for NE EWP is retail, while the log home and timber frame segment is the primary market for the LS and MA regions. Seventy-three percent of responding mills, in all regions, have less than $5 mm in total annual sales; 48 percent reported $1 mm or less. Across all regions the typical mill reported 25 employees or less, operates a single facility, and interregional trade is minimal. The effect of imported species was surprisingly less than anticipated, with more than one-half of the respondents reporting that imports did not have an effect on their operation(s). However, in NE, the leading region for EWP production, nearly half of the respondents reported imports as being deleterious to their business. The NE region is clearly the leader in production, markets, and management strategies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. Pallet One, Bartow, FL USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. RP Alderman, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. EM dalderman@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 10 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 225BJ UT WOS:000250491800003 ER PT J AU Alderman, D Smith, R Bowe, S AF Alderman, Delton Smith, Robert Bowe, Scott TI Eastern white pine secondary manufactures: Consumption, markets, and marketing SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In the United States, eastern white pine (EWP) is used in the manufacture of interior planks, clapboards, furniture, doors and windows, decorative veneers, and moulding/millwork. Additional value-added markets for EWP raw material include toys, woodenware, novelties, signs, caskets, and products used in building construction (EWP furring was formerly a leading construction wood), shade and map rollers, and Venetian blinds. Our research question focused on regional differences in EWP manufacture and consumption as well as EWP quality attributes, substitutes, markets and competition, and management. To assess EWP secondary manufacturing, a mail survey was conducted in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Lake States regions of the United States. The majority of respondents reported annual sales of less than $1 million, employed fewer than 25 people, operated a single facility, and procured EWP primarily from within their region. The effect of imported species was surprisingly less than anticipated, with more than half of the respondents reporting that imports did not have an effect on their business. Superior lumber quality and region-of-origin were reported by secondary manufacturers as having the greatest influence on purchasing decisions. Having a good reputation, consistent pricing, and on-time deliver were the business services most highly valued by secondary EWP manufacturers. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. RP Alderman, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. EM dalderman@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 IS 10 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 225BJ UT WOS:000250491800004 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ AF Gustafson, Eric J. TI Relative influence of the components of timber harvest strategies on landscape pattern SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE timber management; silviculture; clearcutting; even-aged; uneven-aged; landscape pattern; HARVEST simulation model; sustainable forestry ID FOREST SUSTAINABILITY; SPATIAL-PATTERN; USA AB Forest managers seek to produce healthy landscape patterns by implementing harvest strategies that are composed of multiple management components such as cutblock size, rotation length, even-aged or uneven-aged residual stand structure, conversion to plantations, and the spatial dispersion of harvest units. With use of the HARVEST model and neutral landscapes, a factorial simulation experiment was conducted to determine how each management component influenced measures of spatial pattern. There was a significant overall effect of all components on response variables defined by age class and on all but the rotation length component for response variables defined by forest type. Increasing cutblock size, rotation length, and clustering of cutblocks aenerally reduces measures of age class fragmentation, and increasing the use of even-aged management increases fragmentation. The response of forest type variables was consistently dominated by the component (percent plantation) that changed the abundance of a forest type. Dispersion also had a significant effect because conversions were allocated in space through the dispersion treatment. The results can be used to develop strategies to mitigate negative effects of certain silvicultural activities by showing which other components have opposite effects. Managers can better predict how specific strategy components will contribute to the cumulative landscape pattern. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 556 EP 561 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 220BI UT WOS:000250131500003 ER PT J AU Aubrey, DP Coleman, MD Coyle, DR AF Aubrey, Doug P. Coleman, Mark D. Coyle, David R. TI Ice damage in loblolly pine: Understanding the factors that influence susceptibility SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disturbance; glaze; intensive management; Pinus taeda ID STORM DAMAGE; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; GROWTH-RESPONSES; SLASH PINE; LEAF-AREA; FOREST; FERTILIZATION; STANDS; STEM; ALLOCATION AB Winter ice storms frequently occur in the southeastern United States and can severely damage softwood plantations. In January 2004, a severe storm deposited approximately 2 cm of ice on an intensively managed 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in South Carolina. Existing irrigation and fertilization treatments presented an opportunity to examine the effects of resource amendments on initial ice damage and subsequent recovery. Fertilized treatments showed more individual stem breakage, whereas nonfertilized treatments showed more stem bending; however, the proportion of undamaged trees did not differ between treatments. Irrigation did not influence the type of damage. Trees that experienced breakage during the storm were taller with larger diameter and taper and leaf, branch, and crown biomass compared with unbroken trees. One growing season after ice damage, relative height increases were significantly greater for trees experiencing stem breakage compared with unbroken trees; however, relative diameter increases were significantly lower for these trees. Relative diameter increases for broken trees were smaller for fertilized treatments compared with nonfertilized treatments. A reduction in wood strength was ruled out as the cause of greater breakacye in fertilized trees; rather, fertilized trees had reached an intermediate diameter range known to be susceptible to breakage under ice loading. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aubrey, DP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Savannah River Res Campus,241 Gateway Dr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM daubrey@fs.fed.us; coleman.m@earthlink.net; dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Aubrey, Doug/A-3455-2011; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 580 EP 589 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 220BI UT WOS:000250131500006 ER PT J AU Randolph, KC Seaver, B AF Randolph, KaDonna C. Seaver, Bill TI An alternative to traditional goodness-of-fit tests for discretely measured continuous data SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bootstrapping; crown density; empirical distribution function; percentiles ID DISCONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; MODELS AB Traditional goodness-of-fit tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and X-2 tests are easily applied to data of the continuous or discrete type, respectively. Occasionally, however, the case arises when continuous data are recorded into discrete categories due to an imprecise measurement system. In this instance, the traditional goodness-of-fit tests may not be wholly applicable because of an unmanageable number of ties in the data, sparse contingency tables, or both; therefore, a flexible alternative to goodness-of-fit tests for discretely measured continuous data is presented. The proposed methodology bootstraps confidence intervals for the difference between selected percentiles of the empirical distribution functions of two samples. Application of the approach is illustrated with a comparison of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) tree crown density distributions at the 10th, 25th 50th 75th, and 90th percentiles simultaneously. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn FIA, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Business Adm, Dept Stat Operat & Management Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Randolph, KC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn FIA, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM krandolph@fs.fed.us; wseaver@utk.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 590 EP 599 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 220BI UT WOS:000250131500007 ER PT J AU Ares, A Terry, T Harrington, C Devine, W Peter, D Bailey, J AF Ares, Adrian Terry, Thomas Harrington, Constance Devine, Warren Peter, David Bailey, John TI Biomass removal, soil compaction, and vegetation control effects on five-year growth of Douglas-fir in coastal Washington SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE long-term forest productivity; forest soils; vegetation; Pseudotsuga menziesii; soil water ID FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL; YOUNG PINUS-RADIATA; WEED-CONTROL; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; PONDEROSA PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; WHOLE-TREE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SITE PRODUCTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Sustainable forest production requires an understanding of the effects of site disturbance on tree Growth and the consequences of soil amelioration and vegetation control practices. We assessed the impacts of biomass removals at harvest, soil compaction and tillage, and vegetation control on early growth of Douglas-fir in coastal Washington. Harvest treatments included removal of commercial bole only (BO), bole only up to 5-cm top diameter (1305), total tree (TT), and total tree plus all legacy coarse woody debris (TTP). Vegetation control (VC) effects were tested in BO, while soil compaction (BO/SC) and compaction plus tillage (BO/SCT) were imposed in BO/VC. Five years after planting, biomass removal and soil compaction/tillage effects on tree growth were relatively small. At year 5, mean stem basal diameter in 130 was greater than in TT, whereas mean height was similar in 130 and BO/SC, but increased in BO/SCT. Control of competing vegetation markedly increased tree growth. At year 5, mean tree stem diameter at 1.3-m height (dbh) and height in BO/no vegetation control (NVC) were 34 turn and 308 cm, respectively, compared to 45 rum and 357 cm in BO/VC (P <0.01). Mean relative growth rate in stem diameter for trees in BONC was greater than in BO/NVC in years 2-4, but this trend reversed in year 5, suggesting that tree intraspecific competition may be greater in BO/VC than in BO/NVC. Vegetation control also increased second-flushing (i.e., the flushing of set buds in late summer) in years 4 and 5. Vegetation competition effects on tree growth appeared to be related to changes in available soil water rather than to competition for nutrients. C1 Weyerhaeuser Co, Albany, OR USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, 2730 Pacific Blvd,SE, Albany, OR USA. EM adrian@hawaii.edu; tom.terry@weyerhaeuser.com; charrington@fs.fed.us; wdevine@fs.fed.us; dpeter@fs.fed.us; john.bailey@oregonstate.edu RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 76 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 600 EP 610 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 220BI UT WOS:000250131500008 ER PT J AU Van Deusen, PC Roesch, FA AF Van Deusen, Paul C. Roesch, Francis A. TI Constrained map-based inventory estimation SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPS AB A region can conceptually be tessellated into polygons at different scales or resolutions. Likewise, samples can be taken from the region to determine the value of a polygon variable for each scale. Sampled polygons can be used to estimate values for other polygons at the same scale. However, estimates should be compatible across the different scales. Estimates are often required for zones within a region, where a region might be a state and counties could be the zones. A method is developed for estimating high-resolution (pixel) values that are constrained to be compatible with results for lower resolution values. The high-resolution values are constrained to sum to totals for zones within a region, where the totals are being simultaneously estimated from measurements taken at a different scale. If the zone estimates are unbiased, then the pixel-based estimates for the zone will be less biased. Sums of pixels in arbitrary polygons are thereby constrained to approach unbiased estimates. Approximate variance estimators are developed for the summed pixel estimates. Two example applications are provided. The first example is based on simulated data and verifies that the proposed variance estimators give reasonable results. The second example estimates the volume in a circle around a possible mill site in North Carolina. This example uses publicly available US Forest Service inventory data and simulated inventory data that the mill would provide. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Van Deusen, PC (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, 600 Suffolk St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM PVandeusen@ncasi.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpm021 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 227SF UT WOS:000250677400007 ER PT J AU Michener, WK Breshears, DD Hunsaker, CT Wickland, DE AF Michener, William K. Breshears, David D. Hunsaker, Carolyn T. Wickland, Diane E. TI Professional certification: increasing ecologists' effectiveness SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Fresno, CA USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Michener, WK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 5 IS 8 BP 399 EP 399 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[399:PCIEE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QJ UT WOS:000249962100001 ER PT J AU Tattersall, EAR Grimplet, J Deluc, L Wheatley, MD Vincent, D Osborne, C Ergul, A Lomen, E Blank, RR Schlauch, KA Cushman, JC Cramer, GR AF Tattersall, Elizabeth A. R. Grimplet, Jrme DeLuc, Laurent Wheatley, Matthew D. Vincent, Delphine Osborne, Craig Ergul, Ali Lomen, Evan Blank, Robert R. Schlauch, Karen A. Cushman, John C. Cramer, Grant R. TI Transcript abundance profiles reveal larger and more complex responses of grapevine to chilling compared to osmotic and salinity stress SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; abiotic stress; microarray ID LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; ARABIDOPSIS GENES; COLD-ACCLIMATION; EXPRESSION PROFILES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ABIOTIC STRESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HORMONAL RESPONSES; ENERGY-DISSIPATION AB Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were exposed to sudden chilling (5 degrees C), water deficit (PEG), and an iso-osmotic salinity (120 mM NaCl and 12 mM CaCl2) for 1, 4 8, and 24 h. Stomatal conductance and stem water potentials, were significantly reduced after stress application. Microarray analysis of transcript abundance in shoot tips detected no significant differences in transcript abundance between. salinity and PEG before 24 h. Chilling stress relates to changes in membrane structure, and transcript abundance patterns were predicted to reflect this. Forty-three percent of transcripts affected by stress vs control for I through 8 h were affected only by chilling. The functional categories most affected by stress included metabolism, protein metabolism, and signal transduction. Osmotic stress affected more protein synthesis and cell cycle transcripts, whereas chilling affected more calcium signaling transcripts, indicating that chilling has more complex calcium signaling. Stress affected many hormone (ABA, ethylene, and jasmonate) and transcription factor transcripts. The concentrations and transporter transcripts of several anions increased with time, including nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate. The transcript abundance changes in this short-term study were largely the same as a gradually applied long-term salinity and water-deficit study (Cramer et al. Funct Integr Genomics 7:111-134, 2007), but the reverse was not true, indicating a larger and more complex response in the acclimation process of a gradual long-term stress. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Ankara Univ, Inst Biotechnol, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Cramer, GR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM cramer@unr.edu RI Vincent, Delphine/C-6664-2011; Ergul, Ali/O-4060-2014; Grimplet, Jerome/A-3422-2011 OI Ergul, Ali/0000-0002-1205-268X; Grimplet, Jerome/0000-0002-3265-4012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-03-008, P20 RR16464] NR 63 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD OCT PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 317 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10142-007-0051-x PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 215KX UT WOS:000249808300005 PM 17578611 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Tanaka, T AF Ordovas, Jose M. Tanaka, Toshiko TI Are dietary preferences linked to genes? SO FUTURE LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-II; FOOD-INTAKE; POLYMORPHISM; METABOLISM; GENETICS; TWINS; TASTE; CD36; FAT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu; tanakato@mail.nih.gov OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0875 J9 FUTURE LIPIDOL JI Future Lipidol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.2217/17460875.2.5.485 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 224EE UT WOS:000250428900002 ER PT J AU Bilgic, H Cho, S Garvin, DF Muehlbauer, GJ AF Bilgic, Hatice Cho, Seungho Garvin, David F. Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat-barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat-barley ditelosomic addition line; barleyl geneChip; transcriptome; physical mapping; single feature; polymorphism; synteny; chromosomal rearrangement ID RICE; SEQUENCE; MARKERS AB Wheat-barley disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines have been used as genetic tools for a range of applications since their development in the 1980s. In the present study, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. We mapped 1257 barley genes to chromosome arms 1HS, 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 5HS, 5HL, 7HS, and 7HL based on their transcript levels in the ditelosomic addition lines. The number of genes assigned to individual chromosome arms ranged from 24 to 197. We validated the physical locations of the genes through comparison with our previous chromosome-based physical mapping, comparative in silico mapping with rice and wheat, and single feature polymorphism (SFP) analysis. We found our physical mapping of barley genes to chromosome arms to be consistent with our previous physical mapping to whole chromosomes. In silico comparative mapping of barley genes assigned to chromosome arms revealed that the average genomic synteny to wheat and rice chromosome arms was 63.2% and 65.5%, respectively. In the 1257 mapped genes, we identified SFPs in 924 genes between the appropriate ditelosomic line and Chinese Spring that supported physical map placements. We also identified a single small rearrangement event between rice chromosome 9 and barley chromosome 4H that accounts for the loss of synteny for several genes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mueh1003@umn.edu RI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/B-9081-2013 OI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/0000-0002-4225-7176 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 10 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.1139/G07-059 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 229MB UT WOS:000250807000002 PM 18059553 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Cho, S Kistler, HC Hsieh, CS Muehlbauer, GJ AF Chang, Yueh-Long Cho, Seungho Kistler, H. Corby Hsieh, Chun-Sheng Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI Bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; bacterial artificial chromosome; physical map ID MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; WHEAT SCAB; GENOME; BAC; CONSTRUCTION; LIBRARY; RICE; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES AB Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal pathogen of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. To accelerate genomic analysis of F. graminearum, we developed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based physical map and integrated it with the genome sequence and genetic map. One BAC library, developed in the HindIII restriction enzyme site, consists of 4608 clones with an insert size of approximately 107 kb and covers about 13.5 genome equivalents. The other library, developed in the BamHI restriction enzyme site, consists of 3072 clones with an insert size of approximately 95 kb and covers about 8.0 genome equivalents. We fingerprinted 2688 clones from the HindIII library and 1536 clones from the BamHI library and developed a physical map of F. graminearum consisting of 26 contigs covering 39.2 Mb. Comparison of our map with the F. graminearum genome sequence showed that the size of our physical map is equivalent to the 36.1 Mb of the genome sequence. We used 31 sequence-based genetic markers, randomly spaced throughout the genome. to intearate the physical map with the genetic map. We also end-sequenced 17 BamHI BAC clones and identified 4 clones that spanned gaps in the genome sequence. Our new integrated map is highly reliable and useful for a variety of genomics studies. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Natl Chiayi Univ, Inst Agr Biotechnol, Chiayi 600, Taiwan. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mueh1003@umn.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 10 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.1139/G07-079 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 229MB UT WOS:000250807000007 PM 18059558 ER PT J AU Kennaway, T Helmer, EH AF Kennaway, Todd Helmer, E. H. TI The forest types and ages cleared for land development in Puerto Rico SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; SUCCESSIONAL STAGE; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; COSTA-RICA; ECOLOGY; URBANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; HABITATS; RECOVERY; PASTURES AB On the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, forest, urban/built-up, and pasture lands have replaced most formerly cultivated lands. The extent and age distribution of each forest type that undergoes land development, however, is unknown. This study assembles a time series of four land cover maps for Puerto Rico. The time series includes two digitized paper maps of land cover in 1951 and 1978 that are based on photo interpretation. The other two maps are of forest type and land cover and are based on decision tree classification of Landsat image mosaics dated 1991 and 2000. With the map time series we quantify land-cover changes from 1951 to 2000; map forest age classes in 1991 and 2000; and quantify the forest that undergoes land development (urban development or surface mining) from 1991 to 2000 by forest type and age. This step relies on intersecting a map of land development from 1991 to 2000 (from the same satellite imagery) with the forest age and type maps. Land cover changes from 1991 to 2000 that continue prior trends include urban expansion and transition of sugar cane, pineapple, and other lowland agriculture to pasture. Forest recovery continues, but it has slowed. Emergent and forested wetland area increased between 1977 and 2000. Sun coffee cultivation appears to have increased slightly. Most of the forests cleared for land development, 55%, were young (1-13 yr). Only 13% of the developed forest was older (41-55+ yr). However, older forest on rugged karst lands that long ago reforested is vulnerable to land development if it is close to an urban center and unprotected. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Management Mil Lands, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba,Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 356 EP 382 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.44.4.356 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 221WW UT WOS:000250259100004 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Raich, JW Ryan, MG AF Litton, Creighton M. Raich, James W. Ryan, Michael G. TI Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP); annual carbon budget; autotrophic respiration (R); belowground net primary productivity (BNPP); biomass; carbon flux and partitioning; gross primary productivity (GPP); total belowground carbon flux (TBCF) ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; POSTFIRE LODGEPOLE PINE; SOIL RESPIRATION; USE EFFICIENCY; TREE DENSITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CONSTANT FRACTION AB Carbon allocation plays a critical role in forest ecosystem carbon cycling. We reviewed existing literature and compiled annual carbon budgets for forest ecosystems to test a series of hypotheses addressing the patterns, plasticity, and limits of three components of allocation: biomass, the amount of material present; flux, the flow of carbon to a component per unit time; and partitioning, the fraction of gross primary productivity (GPP) used by a component. Can annual carbon flux and partitioning be inferred from biomass? Our survey revealed that biomass was poorly related to carbon flux and to partitioning of photosynthetically derived carbon, and should not be used to infer either. Are component fluxes correlated? Carbon fluxes to foliage, wood, and belowground production and respiration all increased linearly with increasing GPP (a rising tide lifts all boats). Autotrophic respiration was strongly linked to production for foliage, wood and roots, and aboveground net primary productivity and total belowground carbon flux (TBCF) were positively correlated across a broad productivity gradient. How does carbon partitioning respond to variability in resources and environment? Within sites, partitioning to aboveground wood production and TBCF responded to changes in stand age and resource availability, but not to competition (tree density). Increasing resource supply and stand age, with one exception, resulted in increased partitioning to aboveground wood production and decreased partitioning to TBCF. Partitioning to foliage production was much less sensitive to changes in resources and environment. Overall, changes in partitioning within a site in response to resource supply and age were small (< 15% of GPP), but much greater than those inferred from global relationships. Across all sites, foliage production plus respiration, and total autotrophic respiration appear to use relatively constant fractions of GPP - partitioning to both was conservative across a broad range of GPP - but values did vary across sites. Partitioning to aboveground wood production and to TBCF were the most variable - conditions that favored high GPP increased partitioning to aboveground wood production and decreased partitioning to TBCF. Do priorities exist for the products of photosynthesis? The available data do not support the concept of priorities for the products of photosynthesis, because increasing GPP increased all fluxes. All facets of carbon allocation are important to understanding carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystem models require information on partitioning, yet we found few studies that measured all components of the carbon budget to allow estimation of partitioning coefficients. Future studies that measure complete annual carbon budgets contribute the most to understanding carbon allocation. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Affiliate Fac, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 E-W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM litton@hawaii.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 96 TC 385 Z9 429 U1 38 U2 321 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2089 EP 2109 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01420.x PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218BS UT WOS:000249991600005 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Idso, SB Johnson, S Rillig, MC AF Kimball, Bruce A. Idso, Sherwood B. Johnson, Stephanie Rillig, Matthias C. TI Seventeen years of carbon dioxide enrichment of sour orange trees: final results SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; citrus; climate change; CO2; density; global change; growth; orange; tree; yield ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; CITRUS-AURANTIUM; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FOREST TREES; IN-FIELD; GROWTH; LEAVES; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS AB The long-term responses of trees to elevated CO2 are especially crucial (1) to mitigating the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase, (2) to determining the character of future forested natural ecosystems and their spread across the landscape, and (3) to determining the productivity of future agricultural tree crops. Therefore, a long-term CO2-enrichment experiment on sour orange trees was started in 1987, and the final results after 17 years are reported herein. Four sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown from seedling stage at 300 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 above ambient in open-top, clear-plastic-wall chambers at Phoenix, AZ. Four control trees were similarly grown at ambient CO2. All trees were supplied ample water and nutrients comparable with a commercial orchard. After a peak 2-4 years into the experiment, there was a productivity plateau at about a 70% enhancement of annual fruit and incremental wood production over the last several years of the experiment. When summed over the duration of the experiment, there was an overall enhancement of 70% of total biomass production. Much of the enhancement came from greater numbers of fruits produced, with no change in fruit size. Thicker trunks and branches and more branches and roots were produced, but the root/shoot ratio was unaffected. Also, there was almost no change in the elemental composition of the biomass produced, perhaps in part due to the minimal responsiveness of root-symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the treatment. C1 ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Ctr Study Carbon Dioxide & Global Change, Tempe, AZ 85285 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM bkimball@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2171 EP 2183 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218BS UT WOS:000249991600010 ER PT J AU Zak, DR Holmes, WE Pregitzer, KS King, JS Ellsworth, DS Kubiske, ME AF Zak, Donald R. Holmes, William E. Pregitzer, Kurt S. King, John S. Ellsworth, David S. Kubiske, Mark E. TI Belowground competition and the response of developing forest communities to atmospheric CO2 and O-3 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Betula papyrifera; carbon dioxide; competition; FACE; forest; nitrogen; nutrient acquisition; ozone; Populus tremuloides; species composition ID FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; ELEVATED CO2; TREMBLING ASPEN; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; GROWTH-RESPONSES; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; NITROGEN UPTAKE; SUGAR MAPLE; PAPER BIRCH; STANDS AB As human activity continues to increase CO2 and O-3, broad expanses of north temperate forests will be simultaneously exposed to elevated concentrations of these trace gases. Although both CO2 and O-3 are potent modifiers of plant growth, we do not understand the extent to which they alter competition for limiting soil nutrients, like nitrogen (N). We quantified the acquisition of soil N in two 8-year-old communities composed of trembling aspen genotypes (n = 5) and trembling aspen-paper birch which were exposed to factorial combinations of CO2 (ambient and 560 mu L L-1) and O-3 (ambient = 30-40 vs. 50-60 nL L-1). Tracer amount of (NH4+)-N-15 were applied to soil to determine how these trace gases altered the competitive ability of genotypes and species to acquire soil N. One year after isotope addition, we assessed N acquisition by measuring the amount of N-15 tracer contained in the plant canopy (i.e. recent N acquisition), as well as the total amount of canopy N (i.e. cumulative N acquisition). Exposure to elevated CO2 differentially altered recent and cumulative N acquisition among aspen genotypes, changing the rank order in which they obtained soil N. Elevated O-3 also altered the rank order in which aspen genotypes obtained soil N by eliciting increases, decreases and no response among genotypes. If aspen genotypes respond similarly under field conditions, then rising concentrations of CO2 and O-3 could alter the structure of aspen populations. In the aspen-birch community, elevated CO2 increased recent N (i.e. N-15) acquisition in birch (68%) to a greater extent than aspen (19%), suggesting that, over the course of this experiment, birch had gained a competitive advantage over aspen. The response of genotypes and species to rising CO2 and O-3 concentrations, and how these responses are modified by competitive interactions, has the potential to change the future composition and productivity of northern temperate forests. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Zak, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM drzak@umich.edu RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012; OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2230 EP 2238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01436.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218BS UT WOS:000249991600015 ER PT J AU Pounders, C Rinehart, T Sakhanokho, H AF Pounders, Cecil Rinehart, Tim Sakhanokho, Hamidou TI Evaluation of interspecific hybrids between Lagerstroemia indica and L-speciosa SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sterility; SSR markers; 'Princess' crape myrtle; 'Monia' crape myrtle; pollen fertility ID DIVERSITY AB Production of viable interspecific seedlings from a cross between Lagerstroemia indica L. 'Tonto' x L. speciosa (L.) Pers. was confirmed by comparison of morphological traits and genetic markers. Traits such as plant height and width showed marked variation within the seedling population whereas variation in other traits such as flower size and color was very limited. Seedlings were found to be functionally sterile as either male or female parents. Observed sterility prevents the maximum introgression of important complex traits such as cold hardiness by sib mating or backcrossing into clones derived from this parental combination. 'Princess' was confirmed to be a sterile hybrid of L. indica and L. speciosa whereas 'Monia' was indicated to have L. indica in its ancestry but not L. speciosa. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Pounders, C (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, PO Box 287,810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM cpounders@insa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1322 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300001 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Hoheisel, GA AF Tarara, Julie M. Hoheisel, Gwen-Alyn TI Low-cost shielding to minimize radiation errors of temperature sensors in the field SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gill shield; solar; global irradiance; reflectance; albedo; aspiration; thermocouple; relative humidity AB The importance of shielding temperature sensors from solar radiation is understood, but there is a lack of prescriptive advice for plant scientists to build inexpensive and effective shields for replicated field experiments. Using the general physical principles that govern radiation shielding, a number of low-cost, passively ventilated radiation shields built in-house was assessed for the measurement of air temperature against the same type of sensor in a meteorological "standard" Gill radiation shield. The base shield material had high albedo (approximate to 0.9) and low emissivity (0.03). Aspirated shields were included for simultaneous measurements of temperature and relative humidity. Differences in air temperature (Delta T) between low-cost shields and the standard Gill were greatest for shields with open bottoms (up to +7.4 degrees C) and for those with poorly perforated sidewalls. Open-bottomed shields were prone to heating from reflected radiation. Tube-shaped shields appeared to require more than 30% sidewall perforation for convection by ambient wind (up to 4 m.s(-1)) to offset the midday radiation load of the shield. The smallest daytime Delta T were between aspirated shields and the standard Gill, averaging less than +/- 0.5 degrees C. Among passively ventilated shields, the smallest daytime Delta T consistently were produced by a shield that emulated the stacked plate design of the standard Gill for a total of U.S. $4.00 in materials and 45 min construction time. Eighty-nine percent of all daytime Delta T for the "homemade Gill" shield was 1.5 degrees C or less. The combination of low ambient wind speed (less than I m.s(-1)) and high global irradiance (greater than 600 W.m(-2)) produced the largest Delta T for all passively ventilated shields, the magnitude of which varied with shield design; stacked plate configurations were more effective shields than were tube-based configurations. Night-time Delta T were inconsequential for all shields. Cost-effective radiation shielding can be achieved by selecting shield materials and a configuration that minimize daytime radiation loading on the shield while maximizing the potential for convective transfer of that radiation load away from the shield and the sensor it houses. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1372 EP 1379 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300013 ER PT J AU Luo, YG AF Luo, Yaguang TI Fresh-cut produce wash water reuse affects water quality and packaged product quality and microbial growth in Romaine lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE free chlorine; lactic acid bacteria; chemical oxygen demand; biological oxygen demand; electrolyte leakage ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VEGETABLES; LEAVES; APPLES; SANITIZERS; CANTALOUPE; BACTERIA; EFFICACY; SURFACE AB Washing is a critical step for maintaining quality and safety of fresh-cut produce during its preparation and is often the only measure taken to reduce microbial populations and remove tissue fluids. However, little is known about the effect of washing method on water quality or its consequence on microbial growth and finished product quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wash water reuse on changes in water quality and its subsequent effect on microbial growth and product quality of packaged fresh-cut Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Romaine lettuce leaves were sliced and washed in water with chemical oxygen demand levels ranging from 9.8 mg. L-1 (fresh water) to 1860.5 mg.L-1 (reused water) and product-to-water ratios of 1:20 and 1:150. The washed samples were dried and placed into packages prepared from films with an oxygen transmission rate of 8.0 pmol.s(-1).m(-2).Pa-1 and stored at 5 degrees C for 14 days. Microbial growth and product quality were monitored at days 0, 4, 8, 11, and 14 during storage. Results indicate that as the quantity of lettuce dipped in 40 L of water increased from 2.0 kg to 18.0 kg, water chemical oxygen demand increased from 124 mg.L-1 to 1721 mg. L-1 and biological oxygen demand increased from 140 mg.L-1 to 526 mg.L-1, whereas free and total chlorine levels declined from 151.5 mg.L-1 to 4.7 mg.L-1 and from 171 mg.L-1 to 31.5 mg.L-1, respectively. Thoroughly washed lettuce in clean water with a small product-to-water ratio had the least off-odor development. Samples without was treatment and those washed with reused water had 0.8 to 1.6 log cfu.g(-1) higher poplations of lactic acid bacteria than those washed with clean water at the end of storage. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,Agr Res Serv, Prod Quality & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci,Agr Res Serv, Prod Quality & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1419 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300021 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Bi, GH Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Bi, Guihong Fuchigami, Leslie H. Regan, Richard P. TI Seasonal variation in growth, nitrogen uptake and allocation by container-grown evergreen and deciduous rhododendron cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhododendron 'English Roseum'; Rhododendron 'P. J. Mezitt Compact'; Rhododendron 'Gibraltar'; azalea; nitrogen use efficiency ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; WOODY ORNAMENTALS; SHOOT GROWTH; ROOT HARDINESS; USE EFFICIENCY; SPRING GROWTH; LEAF; POTASSIUM; PHOSPHORUS; PLANT AB Growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and N storage were assessed in transplanted 1-year-old rhododendron liners. Two evergreen cultivars, Rhododendron 'P. J. Mezitt Compact' (PJM) and R. 'English Roseum' (ER), and one deciduous cultivar, R. 'Gibraltar' (AZ), were transplanted into 1-gal. pots and given liquid fertilizer with (+N) or without (-N) N. Increased N availability increased growth after July (ER, PJM) or August (AZ), and resulted in three to five times more total biomass. Biomass continued to increase after stem elongation and leaf production ceased. Nitrogen uptake was correlated with growth of all plant structures on AZ, whereas N uptake was only correlated with stem and leaf growth on evergreen cultivars. The rate of N uptake was highest before July for AZ (1.9 mg-d(-1)) and in August and September for the evergreen cultivars (approximate to 5 mg-d(-1)). Thirteen percent to 16% of total N uptake from between May and February occurred after N fertilization ceased at the beginning of September. Plants contained the most N in October (AZ), November (PJM), or December (ER). Biomass loss after November accounted for a loss of 14% to 48% of the maximum total plant N content. Nitrogen demand by roots and stems increased from May to February in all cultivars. The role of new and old leaves in N storage on evergreen cultivars varied with cultivar and time. Differences in N storage between the evergreen cultivars occurred primarily in their roots and leaves. Over the winter, PJM stored more N in its roots, whereas ER stored more N in its leaves. Changes in N concentrations and contents in different plant structures after November indicate that, during early winter, N stored in other structures moves to roots and old stems of PJM, old stems of ER, and roots and new and old stems of AZ. These results suggest that fertilizer application strategies for transplanted liners of these cultivars should include low N availability after transplanting followed by high N availability in mid to late summer. This type of strategy will not only improve N uptake efficiency from fertilizer, but also will minimize N loss from the containers. The results also demonstrated that N uptake in the autumn may play an important role in supplementing plant N reserves required for growth during the next season as well as for balancing N losses incited by leaf abscission, root turnover, and maintenance functions that occur over winter. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort, Aurora, OR USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1449 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300026 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Linderman, RG AF Bryla, David R. Linderman, Robert G. TI Implications of irrigation method and amount of water application on Phytophthora and Pythium infection and severity of root rot in Highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; evapotranspiration; microirrigation; root system vigor; soil water content ID FURROW IRRIGATION; BELL PEPPER; DRIP IRRIGATION; SOIL; CAPSICI; YIELD; FREQUENCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; CINNAMOMI AB A 2-year study was done in Oregon to determine the effects of irrigation method and level of water application on the development of root rot in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. 'Duke'). Plants were grown on mulched, raised beds and irrigated by overhead sprinklers, microsprays, or drip at 50%, 100%, and 150% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration requirement. Soil at the site was a silty clay loam. By the end of the first season, plants were largest with drip, intermediate-sized with microsprays and smallest with sprinklers; however, this was not the case the next season. By the end of year 2, plants irrigated by drip had less canopy cover, fewer new canes, lower pruning weights, and only half the shoot and root dry weight as plants irrigated by sprinklers or microsprays. Destructive sampling revealed that the field was infested by root rot. Less growth with drip was association with higher levels of infection by the root pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora infection increased with water application, regardless of irrigation method, but averaged 14% with drip and only 7% with sprinklers and microsprays. Roots were also infected by Pythium spp. Pythium infection likewise increased with the total amount of water applied but, unlike P cinnamomi, was similar among irrigation methods. Overall, drip irrigation maintained higher soil water content near the base of the plants than sprinklers and microsprays, resulting in conditions more favorable to root rot. Sprinklers and microsprays may be better alternatives than drip at sites prone to problems with the disease. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1467 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300029 ER PT J AU Pounders, C Rinehart, T Edwards, N Knight, P AF Pounders, Cecil Rinehart, Tim Edwards, Ned Knight, Patricia TI An analysis of combining ability for height, leaf out, bloom date, and flower color for crapemyrtle SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE general combining ability; GCA; specific combining ability; SCA; dominance variation; additive variation; Lagerstroemia ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; LAGERSTROEMIA; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; GAIN AB Breeding of crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia) in the United States has focused on developing hybrids between parents with disease or pest resistance and those with good floral characteristics. The objective of this work was to study the general and specific combining ability of several horticulturally important traits in crosses between pest-resistant parents and those with saturated flower colors. Ten crapemyrtle parents were tested in a factorial mating design including 25 of the 29 possible families. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P <= 0.05) for all traits for the general combining ability of parents. The cross between 'Arapaho' and 'WHIT IV' displayed the best specific combining ability for a desirable combination of height, leaf-out time, bloom time, and flower color based on current breeding objectives. Overall, this study revealed the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variability in crapemyrtle, suggesting that an integrated breeding strategy to capture both additive and dominance variance would be appropriate for producing new, improved crapemyrtle clones for the four traits evaluated. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. RP Pounders, C (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, POB 287,810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM epounders@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1499 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300039 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, Richard L. TI C. Fred Andrus SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1500 EP 1500 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 212AQ UT WOS:000249566300040 ER PT J AU Wells, ML Wood, BW AF Wells, M. Leonard Wood, Bruce W. TI Relationships between leaflet nitrogen: Potassium ratio and yield of pecan SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; fertilizer; leaf analysis; nutrient management; nutrient relationships ID FRUIT; QUALITY; GROWTH; SCORCH; TREES AB This study examines the relationship between foliar nitrogen:potassium (N:K) ratio and in-shell yield of pecan [ Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch]. Regression analysis of linear and curvilinear relationships between leaflet N:K ratio and in-shell yield identified associations relevant to orchard nutrition management. Analysis revealed that ON (heavy crop) year N:K ratio correlates with ON year yield (r(2) = -0.69), OFF (light crop) year yield (r(2) = +0.34), 2-year average yield (r(2) = -0.52), and difference between ON and OFF year yields (r(2) = -0.69) below the optimum yield level (less than 1800 kg.ha(-1)) for southeastern U.S. pecan orchards. Pecan yield therefore appears to be associated with N:K ratio. This study suggests that a decline in pecan yield is associated with high N:K ratios in the ON year, thus meriting further investigation into the relationships of N and K to yield. It is suggested that pecan orchards be managed such that foliage contains a N concentration of 2.5% to 2.9% and a K concentration of 1.3% to 1.5% while maintaining the N:K ratio at approximate to 2:1 for maximization of pecan yields in the southeastern United States over the long term. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wells, ML (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, 4604 Res Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM lwells@uga.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 473 EP 479 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600008 ER PT J AU Miller, SS AF Miller, Stephen S. TI Prohexadione-calcium inhibits shoot growth but reduces the efficacy of gibberellin A4+A7 in suppressing 'Stayman' apple cracking SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; skin disorder; plant growth regulator; plant bioregulator; shoot growth control; adjuvant; GA(4+7); Apogee; ProVide ID TREE GROWTH; FRUIT CRACKING; QUALITY; CA AB The 'Stayman' apple (Malusxdomestica) is a high-quality apple with good fresh-fruit and processing characteristics. Trees are of moderate to high vigor where it is grown in large numbers in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. However, 'Stayman' is prone to skin cracking, which in some seasons can result in losses that exceed 60% to 80% of the crop. A series of experiments was conducted between 1997 and 2001 to examine the effect of prohexadione-calcium (PCa) and a mixture of gibberellins A4 plus A7 (GA(4+7)) on shoot growth and cracking in 'Stayman 201' apple. PCa consistently reduced terminal shoot growth when applied in two or three sprays between petal fall (PF) and PF + 6 weeks [May and June (postbloom)]. PCa applied postbloom combined with three or four preharvest (July and August) PCa applications reduced the growth of water sprouts. The level of 'Stayman' fruit cracking varied with year, but in three of five experiments conducted from 1997 through 2001, five biweekly GA(4+7) sprays applied alone preharvest reduced the percentage of cracked fruit at harvest. With only a few exceptions, spraying with PCa increased fruit cracking. When GA(4+7) was applied to trees previously treated postbloom with PCa, the percentage of cracked fruit was often reduced, but not always, and generally not to the same level as that in non-PCa-treated trees. Fruit cracking was increased compared with the untreated control when a spray adjuvant was included with the postbloom PCa spray. PCa or GA(4+7) had no effect on yield or fruit weight at harvest. The results of this study suggest caution in the use of PCa to suppress shoot growth in bearing 'Stayman' apple trees because of the potential for increased fruit cracking, which may be only partially reversed by the application of GA(4+7). C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM stephen.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600017 ER PT J AU Omer, M Locke, JC Frantz, JM AF Omer, Medani Locke, James C. Frantz, Jonathan M. TI Using leaf temperature as a nondestructive procedure to detect root rot stress in geranium SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotic stress; reflectance; infrared temperature; floriculture; remote sensing; Pelargonium ID DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM; EFFICIENCY AB Diagnosis of incipient disease based on visual symptoms of geraniums (Pelargonium x bortorum) exposed to water mold pathogens is often difficult, especially when the plants are maintained under optimum growing conditions. Such plants tend to be asymptomatic until late in the infection process when control methods are less effective and the aesthetic value of the finished crop is diminished. To circumvent such a problem and to be able to predict the susceptibility of the plants to infection, we used infrared transducers to measure leaf surface temperature, in addition to other parameters, in geranium plants exposed to a number of soil pathogens that are commonly associated with greenhouse production. Differences in leaf temperature among treatments were noticeable by 2 week after inoculation and were the greatest in week 7. However, visual disease symptoms were not detected until 3 weeks after inoculation. Results of this study suggest that leaf temperature measurements are a versatile, nondestructive way of rapidly determining whether plants are under pathogen stress before visual symptoms develop. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Omer, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, Greenhouse Prod Res Grp, 2801 W Bancroft,Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM medani.omer@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600018 ER PT J AU Stevens, MD Lea-Cox, JD Black, BL Abbott, JA AF Stevens, Matthew D. Lea-Cox, John D. Black, Brent L. Abbott, Judith A. TI A comparison of fruit quality and consumer preferences among three cold-climate strawberry production systems SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advanced matted row; Fragaria xananassa; pick your own; direct marketing AB In consumer-harvested marketing, crop management practices and production systems directly affect the experience of the customer. An experiment was designed to compare overall consumer preference and fruit quality characteristics among three perennial cold-climate strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production systems: conventional matted row (CMR), advanced matted row (AMR), and cold-climate plasticulture (CCP). Replicate plots of each system were maintained for two harvest seasons. Volunteers harvested subplots in each system and completed a survey to evaluate pick-your-own consumer preferences. The CCP system was preferred by a majority of consumers in the first year, whereas the AMR system was rated highest in the second year. Preferences were positively correlated with ease of harvest and fruit appearance and negatively correlated with the percentage of fruit unfit for harvest. Fruit quality measurements made on marketable fruit in the second harvest season indicated that there were no treatment differences in titratable acidity or soluble solids concentration, but significantly lower fruit firmness in the CCP treatment compared with CMR and AMR. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NC Cooperat Extens Serv, Hort Agent, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Black, BL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM blackb@ext.usu.edu RI Black, Brent/A-8822-2008; Lea-Cox, John/E-8976-2010; Alonso, Jesus/E-9193-2011 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 586 EP 591 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600027 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC AF Shellie, Krista C. TI Viticultural performance of red and white wine grape cultivars in southwestern Idaho SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grapevine; phenology; heat accumulation; germplasm; Vitis vinifera ID NORTHERN VIRGINIA; WINTER INJURY; CROP YIELD; SELECTIONS; QUALITY; VALLEY; CLONES; CALIFORNIA AB A collection of 23 red and six white wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars were evaluated for viticultural performance in Parma, ID. Vine yield, fruit composition, and vegetative growth were measured over four growing seasons, and data were used to compare relative cultivar performance based on yield to pruning ratio and fruit maturity. Relative differences among cultivars in budbreak day of year [96 (6 Apr.) to 122 (2 May)] and days from budbreak to harvest (143 to 179 days) varied from year to year. The earliest and latest maturing cultivars in 3 of 4 years were 'Blauer Portugieser' (143 days), 'Nebbiolo' (177 days), 'Barbera' (179 days), 'Orange Muscat' (144 days), 'Flora' (149 days), 'Muscat of Alexandria' (166 days), and 'Viognier' (168 days). Cultivars differed in yield (2.4 to 7.0 tons/acre), vegetative vigor (4.6 to 20.4 yield/pruning weight), and harvest soluble solids concentration (21.1 to 26.5), but differences in harvest pH (3.0 to 4.1) and titratable acidity (2.48 to 13.03 g.L-1) varied from year to year. Average heat unit accumulation (1646) was 160 units higher than the 78-year site average. Few (less than 150) units accumulated in April and October, most units accumulated in July, and diurnal difference in air temperature was approximate to 15 degrees C. Performance results from this study can assist cultivar site selection by comparing climate data for an intended site with that of Parma. For example, the low acidity and earliness of 'Blauer Portugieser' suggests it is best suited to a site with less heat unit accumulation than Parma, and the high acidity and late maturity of 'Barbera', 'Nebbiolo', and 'Carignan' suggest these cultivars are best suited to a site with more heat unit accumulation than Parma. The inconsistent relationship between onset of budbreak and earliness observed in this study suggests opportunity to match short-season cultivars late to break bud such as Flora to short-season growing sites prone to late-season frost. C1 Univ Idaho, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM kshellie@uidaho.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600029 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R AF Goenaga, Ricardo TI Yield and fruit quality traits of carambola cultivars grown at three locations in Puerto Rico SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit length; fruit diameter; soluble solids concentration; Averrhoa carambola AB There is a scarcity of information on how carambola (Averrhoa carambola) cultivars perform in various agroenvironments. Nine carambola cultivars-Arkin, B-10, B- 16, B- 17, Kajang, Kari, Lara, Sri Kembangan, and Thai Knight-grown on an Oxisol, an Ultisol, and a Mollisol were evaluated for 4 years under intensive management at Isabela, Corozal, and Juana Diaz, PR, respectively. There were no significant differences in number and weight of marketable fruit per hectare area among locations averaging 258,761 fruit/ha and 30,978 kg. ha(-1), respectively. There were no significant differences of marketable fruit weight per hectare among highest yielding cultivars B-17, Thai Knight, and Sri Kembangan between locations. The average marketable fruit weight for these highest-yielding cultivars was 36,060 kg.ha(-1). 'Arkin' and 'B-16' were the lowest yielding cultivars, averaging 23,490 kg.ha(-1) of marketable fruit. 'Kari' produced significantly longer fruit at all locations, whereas 'B-16' produced the shortest fruit. Significantly higher soluble solids concentration values were obtained from fruit of 'B-17' at all locations, whereas lower values were obtained from those of 'Arkin'. Overall, cultivars were highly adaptable to the diverse agroenvironments in which they were planted. The fact that 'B-17' had high production of marketable fruit, high marketable yield, and high soluble solids concentration at all locations makes this cultivar suitable for planting in diverse agroenvironments. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM Ricardo.Gocnaga@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 604 EP 607 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213AF UT WOS:000249637600030 ER PT J AU Kandala, CVK Butts, CL Nelson, SO AF Kandala, Chari V. K. Butts, Chris L. Nelson, Stuart O. TI Capacitance sensor for nondestructive measurement of moisture content in nuts and grain SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 17-19, 2005 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE capacitance; grain; impedance; kernel; nuts; peanut; phase angle; sensor ID SINGLE KERNELS; CORN AB This paper presents a portable electrical instrument that measures the complex impedance of a parallel-plate capacitor with a sample of peanut kernels between its plates. A novel method of measuring the capacitance and phase angle of a parallel-plate system is described. The measured values were used in an empirical equation to estimate the moisture content (mc) of the sample. The estimated values were in good agreement with the me values that are obtained by a standard air-oven method. This method can be used to estimate the mc in other types of nuts and grain by calibrating the instrument with samples of these materials with known me values. This instrument would be useful in grain industries for quick and nondestructive mc measurement. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1809 EP 1813 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.903575 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 212TM UT WOS:000249619700038 ER PT J AU Condon, KC Condon, GC Dafa'alla, TH Forrester, OT Phillips, CE Scaife, S Alphey, L AF Condon, K. C. Condon, G. C. Dafa'alla, T. H. Forrester, O. T. Phillips, C. E. Scaife, S. Alphey, L. TI Germ-line transformation of the Mexican fruit fly SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican fruit fly; Anastrepha ludens; germ-line transformation; piggyBac; transposon-free insertion ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; PIGGYBAC TRANSPOSON; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AUTOCIDAL CONTROL; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Germ-line transformation of a major agricultural pest, the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew, Mexfly), was achieved using composite piggyBac transposable elements marked with green, yellow and red fluorescent proteins (CopGreen, PhiYFP and J-Red). We also investigated the possibility of generating transposon-free insertions, in order to address potential concerns relating to proposed field use of transgenic Mexfly. We describe a highly efficient method for transforming Mexfly, compare efficiency of piggyBac terminal sequences for transformation and also describe the derivation of a transposon-free insertion line. The development of an efficient transformation system for Mexfly holds great promise for improved applications of the sterile insect technique, a major component of the present control measures for this economically important pest species. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Oxitec Ltd, Oxford, England. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. RP Alphey, L (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM luke.alphey@zoo.ox.ac.uk NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 214PM UT WOS:000249750600006 PM 17894556 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Bossin, H Furlong, RB Gillett, JL AF Shirk, P. D. Bossin, H. Furlong, R. B. Gillett, J. L. TI Regulation of Junonia coenia densovirus P9 promoter expression SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic transformation; virus integration; Drosophila; Plodia interpunctella; transcription ID HEAT-SHOCK FACTOR; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; BINDING PROTEIN; SOX GENES; DROSOPHILA; ELEMENTS; SEQUENCE; GENOME; ORGANIZATION; ENHANCER AB Transcriptional activity of the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) P9 promoter depends on a 557-bp sequence located within the overlapping 3' sequences for viral capsid and nonstructural genes. Utilizing a somatic transformation assay to assess JcDNV promoter activity in Drosophila melanogaster and Plodia interpunctella, viral sequences were subjected to deletional analysis. Removal of a 685-bp fragment reduced P9-driven expression to background levels. Inclusion of a second expression cassette demonstrated vector persistence and confirmed somatic transformation. P9 promoter-driven expression was restored by insertion of a 557-bp JcDNV fragment or by inclusion of a heterologous baculovirus hr5 enhancer. Consensus polycomb transcriptional factor binding sites were identified within the 557-bp fragment, which suggests a potential role in regulating densoviral transcription. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FAO IAEA Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Entomol Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pshirk@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu OI BOSSIN, Herve/0000-0002-3655-0923 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00759.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 214PM UT WOS:000249750600011 PM 17714462 ER PT J AU Wei, X Wu, Y Reardon, R Sun, TH Lu, M Sun, JH AF Wei, Xia Wu, Yun Reardon, Richard Sun, Tie-Huan Lu, Min Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Biology and damage traits of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) in China SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biology; damage traits; emerald ash borer; life history AB Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a major stem borer of ash (Fraxinus spp.). It is univoltine in Tianjin, while it is semivoltine in Heilongjiang Province, and both univoltine and semivoltine in Changchun, Jilin Province, where the majority is univoltine. The longevity of emerald ash borer adults is 17.2 +/- 4.6 days ( n = 45), eggs 9.0 +/- 1.1 days ( n = 103), univoltine larvae 308 days, semivoltine larvae 673 days, and pupae 61.2 +/- 1.6 days ( n = 45). It takes about 100 days from the time larvae bore into the phloem to when they complete the pupal cell. In a 10-year-old velvet ash ( Fraxinus velutina Torr.) plantation in Tianjin, emerald ash borer preferred to oviposit on the regions of boles from 50-150 cm above ground, accounting for 76.7% of the total girdling. Girdling on the south side of the tree boles accounted for 43.40% of the total girdling. The emerald ash borer population density is higher at the edge of the plantation compared with the center. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Forest Protect Inst Heilongjiang Prov, Harbin, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV USA. Forest Pest Prevent & Quarantine Stn Tianjin, Tianjin, Peoples R China. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, 25 BeiSiHuan XiLu, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn NR 14 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 EI 1744-7917 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00163.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216MY UT WOS:000249883300003 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Margosan, DA Buckner, JS Freeman, TP Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, Chang-Chi Margosan, Dennis A. Buckner, James S. Freeman, Thomas P. Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) nymphal feeding in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaves SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; microscopy; nymphs; feeding; stylet sheath; stylet ID HOMOPTERA AB We used brightfield electron microscopy (BEM), differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the stylet pathways of Bemisia tabaci during nymphal feeding behavior in cotton leaves beginning with penetration of the abaxial leaf surface and ending with stylets in sieve tubes in phloem tissues. Most nymphal stylets within salivary sheaths penetrating leaf tissues made complex turns and developed more than one salivary sheath branch before ending in sieve tubes. The external morphology of the salivary sheaths and their routes between and through leaf cells are described during the present study. Results showed the presence of the stylet within the sieve tubes. B. tabaci nymphs may remove stylets and feed in different sieve tubes. Ten short movies showing the progression of the stylet penetrations from adaxial surface to the sieve tubes are attached to Figures 8-15. The report and movies can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies to a local drive in your computer first for fast upload. The movies are posted on the website http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=14629. The movies can be used as a teaching aid in biology classes. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Fargo, ND USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), POB 166, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. EM greenleaf_058@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 EI 1744-7917 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00164.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216MY UT WOS:000249883300004 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD Skorupa, JP AF Lemly, A. Dennis Skorupa, Joseph P. TI Technical Issues Affecting the Implementation of US Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Fish Tissue-Based Aquatic Criterion for Selenium SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Selenium water quality criteria; Federal regulatory guidelines; National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits; US Environmental Protection Agency fish tissue criterion AB The US Environmental Protection Agency is developing a national water quality criterion for selenium that is based on concentrations of the element in fish tissue. Although this approach offers advantages over the current water-based regulations, it also presents new challenges with respect to implementation. A comprehensive protocol that answers the "what, where, and when" is essential with the new tissue-based approach in order to ensure proper acquisition of data that apply to the criterion. Dischargers will need to understand selenium transport, cycling, and bioaccumulation in order to effectively monitor for the criterion and, if necessary, develop site-specific standards. This paper discusses 11 key issues that affect the implementation of a tissue-based criterion, ranging from the selection of fish species to the importance of hydrological units in the sampling design. It also outlines a strategy that incorporates both water column and tissue-based approaches. A national generic safety-net water criterion could be combined with a fish tissue-based criterion for site-specific implementation. For the majority of waters nationwide, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permitting and other activities associated with the Clean Water Act could continue without the increased expense of sampling and interpreting biological materials. Dischargers would do biotic sampling intermittently (not a routine monitoring burden) on fish tissue relative to the fish tissue criterion. Only when the fish tissue criterion is exceeded would a full site-specific analysis including development of intermedia translation factors be necessary. C1 [Lemly, A. Dennis] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Skorupa, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM dlemly@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service, Southern Research Station; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Environmental Quality FX Support for this work was provided by the US Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Environmental Quality. We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Selenium Work Group for their contributions in developing material for the paper; Dan Wall, Barb Osmundson, Cindy Tibbot, William Beckon, Brenda Montgomery, Bruce Waddell, Lynn Wellman, Steve Alexander, and Greg Masson. We also thank Theresa Presser, Carol Whitlock, Donald Wismer, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the paper. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2007-024.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43XC UT WOS:000209713100011 PM 18046804 ER PT J AU Van Zee, JP Geraci, NS Guerrero, FD Wikel, SK Stuart, JJ Nene, VM Hill, CA AF Van Zee, J. Pagel Geraci, N. S. Guerrero, F. D. Wikel, S. K. Stuart, J. J. Nene, V. M. Hill, C. A. TI Tick genomics: The Ixodes genome project and beyond SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Ixodida; Ixodidae; Ixodes scapularis; ticks; genomics ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; EVOLUTION; SCAPULARIS; SIZE; DNA; MAIZE AB Ticks and mites (subphylum Chelicerata; subclass Acari) include important pests of animals and plants worldwide. The Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) genome sequencing project marks the beginning of the genomics era for the field of acarology. This project is the first to sequence the genome of a blood-feeding tick vector of human disease and a member of the subphylum Chelicerata. Genome projects for other species of Acari are forthcoming and their genome sequences will likely feature significantly in the future of tick research. Parasitologists interested in advancing the field of tick genomics research will be faced with specific challenges. The development of genetic tools and resources, and the size and repetitive nature of tick genomes are important considerations. Innovative approaches may be required to sequence, assemble, annotate and analyse tick genomes. Overcoming these challenges will enable scientists to investigate the genes and genome organisation of this important group of arthropods and may ultimately lead to new solutions for control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. (c) 2007 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS Knipling Bushland, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Hill, CA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hillca@purdue.edu OI Geraci, Nicholas/0000-0003-4294-9188 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1297 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.05.011 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 215YT UT WOS:000249845600001 ER PT J AU Chantangsi, C Lynn, DH Brandl, MT Cole, JC Hetrick, N Ikonomi, P AF Chantangsi, Chitchai Lynn, Denis H. Brandl, Maria T. Cole, Jeffrey C. Hetrick, Neil Ikonomi, Pranvera TI Barcoding ciliates: a comprehensive study of 75 isolates of the genus Tetrahymena SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; DNA BARCODES; PYRIFORMIS COMPLEX; BIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PARAMECIUM-AURELIA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RNA GENES AB The mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene has been proposed as a DNA barcode to identify animal species. To test the applicability of the cox1 gene in identifying ciliates, 75 isolates of the genus Tetrahymena and three non-Tetrahymena ciliates that are close relatives of Tetrahymena, Colpidium campylum, Colpidium colpoda and Glaucoma chattoni, were selected. All tetrahymenines of unproblematic species could be identified to the species level using 689 bp of the cox1 sequence, with about 11% interspecific sequence divergence. Intraspecific isolates of Tetrahymena borealis, Tetrahymena Iwoffi, Tetrahymena patula and Tetrahymena thermophila could be identified by their cox1 sequences, showing < 0.65% intraspecific sequence divergence. In addition, isolates of these species were clustered together on a cox1 neighbour-joining (NJ) tree. However, strains identified as Tetrahymena pyriformis and Tetrahymena tropicalis showed high intraspecific sequence divergence values of 5.01 and 9.07%, respectively, and did not cluster together on a cox1 NJ tree. This may indicate the presence of cryptic species. The mean interspecific sequence divergence of Tetrahymena was about 11 times greater than the mean intraspecific sequence divergence, and this increased to 58 times when all isolates of species with high intraspecific sequence divergence were excluded. This result is similar to DNA barcoding studies on animals, indicating that congeneric sequence divergences are an order of magnitude greater than conspecific sequence divergences. Our analysis also demonstrated low sequence divergences of < 1.0% between some isolates of T pyriformis and Tetrahymena setosa on the one hand and some isolates of Tetrahymena furgasoni and T Iwoffi on the other, suggesting that the latter species in each pair is a junior synonym of the former. Overall, our study demonstrates the feasibility of using the mitochondrial cox1 gene as a taxonomic marker for 'barcoding' and identifying Tetrahymena species and some other ciliated protists. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety & Hlth Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Protistol Dept, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Mol Authenticat Resource Ctr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Lynn, DH (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM ddr@uoguelph.ca RI Lynn, Denis/F-4939-2010 OI Lynn, Denis/0000-0002-1554-7792 NR 63 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 BP 2412 EP 2425 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64865-0 PN 10 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 227KA UT WOS:000250654400040 PM 17911319 ER PT J AU Lambert, DH Loria, R Labeda, DP Saddler, GS AF Lambert, D. H. Loria, R. Labeda, D. P. Saddler, G. S. TI Recommendation for the conservation of the name Streptomyces scabies. Request for an opinion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The primary streptomycete inciting common scab of potato was first legitimately described by Thaxter in 1892 as 'Oospora scabies', preserving the spelling of an epithet in use since 1846. The name Streptomyces scabies, dating to 1948, was revived in 1989, but changed to Streptomyces scabiei in 1997 to follow grammatical convention. Considering the long-established use and general recognition of 'scabies', it is proposed that the original epithet be conserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Scottish Agr Sci Agcy, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Lambert, DH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM lambert@maine.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 57 BP 2447 EP 2448 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65275-0 PN 10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 227KA UT WOS:000250654400043 PM 17911322 ER PT J AU McMillian, M Dunn, JR Keen, JE Brady, KL Jones, TF AF McMillian, Marcy Dunn, John R. Keen, James E. Brady, Karen L. Jones, Timothy F. TI Risk behaviors for disease transmission among petting zoo attendees SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 19-22, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA ID OUTBREAKS; INFECTIONS; FARM AB Objective-To evaluate risk behaviors for transmission of zoonotic diseases at petting zoos during a period without a recognized disease outbreak. Design-Observational survey with environmental microbiologic sampling. Sample Population-6 petting zoos in Tennessee. Procedures-Attendees were observed for animal and environmental contact, eating or drinking, hand-to-face contact, and use of a hand sanitizer. Hands were examined via bacteriologic culture on some attendees. Environmental samples were collected at 3 petting zoos. Results-991 attendees were observed; of these, 74% had direct contact with animals, 87% had contact with potentially contaminated surfaces in animal contact areas, 49% had hand-to-face contact, and 22% ate or drank in animal contact areas. Thirty-eight percent used hand sanitizer; children had better compliance than adults. Results of bacteriologic cultures of hands were negative for Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli O157; Salmonella spp were isolated from 63% and E coli O157 from 6% of environmental samples. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-High-risk behaviors were common among petting zoo visitors, and disease prevention guidelines were inconsistently followed. This is an example of the importance of one-medicine, one-health initiatives in protecting the public health. Veterinarians, venue operators, and public health authorities must work together on targeted education to improve implementation of existing disease prevention guidelines. Q Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:1036-1038) C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Roman L Hruska US Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 7 BP 1036 EP 1038 DI 10.2460/javma.231.7.1036 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 222YJ UT WOS:000250334300015 PM 17916028 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Najera, RE Molina-Ochoa, J Carpenter, JE Espinosa-Moreno, JA Ruiz-Najera, JA Lezama-Gutierrez, R Foster, JE AF Eleazar Ruiz-Najera, Ramiro Molina-Ochoa, Jaime Carpenter, James E. Espinosa-Moreno, Jorge A. Alfredo Ruiz-Najera, Jose Lezama-Gutierrez, Roberto Foster, John E. TI Survey for Hymenopteran and Dipteran Parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Chiapas, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fall armyworm; survey of parasitoids; corn growth stages; parasitism rate; occurrence; Hymenoptera; Diptera; Chiapas; Mexico AB A survey of hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae was conducted to determine their occurrence and parasitism rates in Western Chiapas, Mexico. 1247 FAW larvae were collected from whorl-stage corn cornfields in 21 locations in the region called "La Frailesca" in Chiapas, Mexico during the summer of 2002; 251 larvae produced parasitoids for an overall parasitism rate of 20.1%. Five braconids were recovered from FAW larvae, Rogas vaughani Muesebeck, R. laphygmae Viereck, Chelonus insularis Cresson, C. cautus Cresson, and Glyptapanteles militaris Walsh. Two ichneumonids, Neotheronia sp., and Ophion flavidus Brulle, and one eulophid, Euplectrus plathypenae Howard were recovered. Dipteran parasitoids were also recovered from last instars. These were the tachinids Archytas marmoratus Towsend, Lespesia archippivora Riley, Archytas sp., and Winthemia sp. Megaselia scalaris Low was a unique phorid recovered. Dipteran parasitoids produced a parasitism rate of 6.3%, and were mostly recovered from 5(th) and 6(th) FAW instars. Most of the parasitoid species were recovered from FAW larvae that were collected from corn plants in the V3 growth stage. In this survey, O. flavidus, E. plathypenae, Chelonus spp., and species of Rogas (Syn: Aleiodes) were the most frequently recovered species in "La Frailesca". C1 [Molina-Ochoa, Jaime; Lezama-Gutierrez, Roberto] Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. [Eleazar Ruiz-Najera, Ramiro; Espinosa-Moreno, Jorge A.] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Prod Vegetal, Villaflores 30470, Chiapas, Mexico. [Carpenter, James E.] ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Alfredo Ruiz-Najera, Jose] Univ Juarez Autonoma Tabasco, Div Acad Ciencias Agropecuarias, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico. [Molina-Ochoa, Jaime; Foster, John E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Molina-Ochoa, J (reprint author), Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Apartado Postal 36, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. EM jmolina@ucol.mx NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.3954/1523-5475-24.1.35 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V10WS UT WOS:000207494700005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Shepard, BM AF Shapiro, Martin Shepard, B. Merle TI Evaluation of Clays and Fluorescent Brightener upon the Activity of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; gypsy moth; nucleopolyhedrovirus; clays; brightener AB In the past we have examined different components (i.e., sunlight protectants, virus enhancers) that would be essential in a viral pesticide formulation. In this study, we investigated the effects of silicon-containing materials (bentonite, diatomeaceous earth, kaolin) on the activity of the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV, as well as the effect of these materials on the viral enhancement activity of a fluorescent brightener Tinopal LPW. Bentonite (1%), diatomaceous earth (1%), and kaolin (1%) had little effect upon the activity of LdMNPV. Moreover, the addition of bentonite, diatomaceous earth or kaolin to LdMNPV/Tinopal had little effect upon the enhancement activity of Tinopal LPW. C1 [Shapiro, Martin] ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shapiro, Martin; Shepard, B. Merle] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V10WV UT WOS:000207495000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, SF Shin, YS Mayer, R Basile, F AF Zhang, Shaofeng Shin, Yong-Seung Mayer, Richard Basile, Franco TI On-probe pyrolysis desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of non-volatile pyrolysis products SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE on-probe pyrolysis; in situ pyrolysis; DESI-MS; non-volatile pyrolytic products ID AMBIENT CONDITIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ASPARTIC-ACID; POLYMERS; MECHANISMS; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; SURFACES; CLEAVAGE AB An on-probe pyrolyzer has been constructed and interfaced with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for the rapid analysis of non-volatile pyrolysis products. The detection and analysis of non-volatile pyrolysis products of peptides, proteins and the synthetic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) were demonstrated with this instrument. The on-probe pyrolyzer can be operated off-line or on-line with the DESI source and was interfaced with a tandem MS (MS/MS) instrument, which allowed for structure characterization of the non-volatile pyrolytic products. Advantages of this system are its simplicity and speed of analysis since the pyrolysis is performed in situ on the DESI source probe and hence, it avoids extraction steps and/or the use of matrices (e.g., as in MALDI-MS analyses). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, ABADRL, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Basile, F (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, 1000 E Univ Ave 3838, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM basile@uwyo.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [R15 RR020354-01A1, R15 RR020354] NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 2 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2007.04.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 216KN UT WOS:000249877000009 PM 19855854 ER PT J AU Qiu, X Arthington, JD Riley, DG Chase, CC Phillips, WA Coleman, SW Olson, TA AF Qiu, X. Arthington, J. D. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Phillips, W. A. Coleman, S. W. Olson, T. A. TI Genetic effects on acute phase protein response to the stresses of weaning and transportation in beef calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase protein; beef cattle; Brahman; crossbreeding; Romosinuano; stress response ID FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATION; COPPER STATUS; CATTLE; BRAHMAN; RESPONSIVENESS; MOLYBDENUM; METABOLISM; HETEROSIS; GENOTYPES; ANGUS AB The objective herein was to estimate heterosis and breed effects in purebred and crossbred Romosinuano, Brahman, and Angus calves on acute phase protein response to weaning and transportation. Calves ( n = 1,032) were weaned in September of 2002, 2003, and 2004 at approximately 7 mo of age. Approximately 28 d after weaning, steer calves ( n = 482) were transported 1,800 km ( 20 h) to Oklahoma. Concentrations of 3 acute phase proteins ( ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin) were measured in blood samples. Calves ( steers and heifers) were sampled at weaning, and 24 and 72 h postweaning. For separate analyses, steers sent to Oklahoma were sampled before shipment, upon arrival, and 24 and 72 h after arrival. Combinations of the following fixed effects were investigated: sire breed, dam breed, sampling time, birth location, calf sex ( weaning only), year, cow age, and interactions. Effects of special interest were sire breed x dam breed as an indication of breed group of calf, and the interaction of sire and dam breeds with sampling time. Weaning age and BW were investigated as linear and quadratic covariates. Sire of calf within sire breed was a random term. The correlation structure of repeated measures was determined by comparison of information criterion values for different structures within each analysis. In general, plasma acute phase protein concentrations in weaned calves increased with sampling time. Concentrations in the transported steers increased through sampling at 24 h after arrival, and were lower at 72 h. Significant estimates of heterosis were detected for Brahman- Angus haptoglobin concentrations at weaning (0.38 +/- 0.14 mg/dL x 100; 44%), and for Romosinuano- Angus fibrinogen concentrations at weaning (11.4 +/- 5.5 mg/dL; 10%) and in transported steers (22.5 +/- 8.4 mg/dL; 20%). The direct effect of Romosinuano was to increase ( P < 0.004) ceruloplasmin concentrations of weaned calves ( 4.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dL) and of transported steers ( 3.9 +/- 1.3 mg/dL). The direct effect of Angus was to lower ceruloplasmin concentrations in weaned calves (- 3.9 +/- 1.2; P = 0.001). Significant maternal effects were detected at weaning for ceruloplasmin concentrations in Romosinuano (- 1.4 +/- 0.5 mg/ dL) and Angus ( 1.6 +/- 0.7 mg/ dL) and fibrinogen concentrations in Brahman calves (-17.7 +/- 8.8 mg/ dL). These data imply that acute phase protein concentrations in response to weaning and transportation are impacted by cattle breed. C1 Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ona, FL 33865 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ona, FL 33865 USA. EM David.Riley@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2367 EP 2374 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-843 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700001 PM 17565067 ER PT J AU Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Kachman, S. D. Van Vleck, L. D. TI Technical Note: Calculation of standard errors of estimates of genetic parameters with the multiple-trait derivative-free restricted maximal likelihood programs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average information matrix; genetic parameter; restricted maximal likelihood; standard error AB The multiple- trait derivative- free REML set of programs was written to handle partially missing data for multiple- trait analyses as well as single-trait models. Standard errors of genetic parameters were reported for univariate models and for multiple-trait analyses only when all traits were measured on animals with records. In addition to estimating ( co) variance components for multiple- trait models with partially missing data, this paper shows how the multiple-trait derivative- free REML set of programs can also estimate SE by augmenting the data file when not all animals have all traits measured. Although the standard practice has been to eliminate records with partially missing data, that practice uses only a subset of the available data. In some situations, the elimination of partial records can result in elimination of all the records, such as one trait measured in one environment and a second trait measured in a different environment. An alternative approach requiring minor modifications of the original data and model was developed that provides estimates of the SE using an augmented data set that gives the same residual log likelihood as the original data for multiple- trait analyses when not all traits are measured. Because the same residual vector is used for the original data and the augmented data, the resulting REML estimators along with their sampling properties are identical for the original and augmented data, so that SE for estimates of genetic parameters can be calculated. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, 340 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu OI Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2375 EP 2381 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0202 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700002 PM 17644790 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Barb, CR Dean, G AF Hausman, G. J. Barb, C. R. Dean, R. G. TI Patterns of gene expression in pig adipose tissue: Transforming growth factors, interferons, interleukins, and apolipoproteins SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; fat cell; gene microarray; cytokine ID INFLAMMATION-RELATED ADIPOKINES; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ESSENTIAL ORGANS; APOE EXPRESSION; TNF-ALPHA; ADIPOCYTES; OBESITY; LEPTIN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Although cDNA microarray studies have indicated the expression of unique and unexpected genes and their products in human and rodent adipose tissue, cDNA microarray studies of adipose tissue from growing pigs have not been reported. Total RNA was collected at slaughter from outer s.c. adipose tissue ( OSQ), middle s.c. adipose tissue ( MSQ), ovary, uterus, hypothalamus, and pituitary tissue samples from gilts at 90, 150, and 210 d ( n = 5/ age). Dye- labeled cDNA probes were hybridized to custom microarrays ( 70 mer oligonucleotides) representing approximately 600 pig genes involved in growth and reproduction. Expression intensity ratios revealed little change in expression of 27 cytokines and 4 apolipoproteins with age in OSQ and MSQ from pigs at 90, 150, and 210 d of age. Distinct patterns of relative gene expression were evident within apolipoproteins, IL, interferons, and transforming growth factor beta family members in adipose tissue from growing pigs ( 90-, 150-, and 210- d- old pigs). Patterns of gene expression within apolipoproteins, IL, interferons, and transforming growth factor beta family members distinguished OSQ and MSQ depots in growing pigs. We also demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of several major cytokine and apolipoprotein genes in pig adipose tissue, including small inducible cytokine A5 ( RANTES), IL- 1B, IL- 1A, IL- 12A, IL- 1 receptor antagonist, and apolipoproteins A1 and E with microarray and reverse transcription- PCR assays or reverse transcription- PCR assays alone. These studies demonstrate that expression of major cytokine and apolipoprotein genes in pig adipose tissue are not influenced by age in growing pigs but may be influenced by location or depot. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. EM Gary.Hausman@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2445 EP 2456 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0142 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700010 PM 17644780 ER PT J AU Vonnahme, KA Zhu, MJ Borowicz, PP Geary, TW Hess, BW Reynolds, LP Caton, JS Means, WJ Ford, SP AF Vonnahme, K. A. Zhu, M. J. Borowicz, P. P. Geary, T. W. Hess, B. W. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. Means, W. J. Ford, S. P. TI Effect of early gestational undernutrition on angiogenic factor expression and vascularity in the bovine placentome SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; placental efficiency; pregnancy ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR-RECEPTOR SYSTEM; VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; FETAL-GROWTH; NUTRIENT RESTRICTION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; SHEEP; NUTRITION; WEIGHT; UTERUS AB The effect of early gestation maternal undernutrition followed by realimentation on placentomal vascular growth and angiogenic factor expression was determined in multiparous beef cows bred to the same bull. Cows gestating only female fetuses ( n = 30) were fed in equal numbers to meet the NRC requirements ( control) or were fed below the NRC requirements to lose BW ( nutrient restricted; NR) from d 30 to 125 of gestation. After slaughter on d 125 of gestation, 10 control and 10 NR cows were necropsied. The remaining NR cows ( n = 5) were then fed to achieve a BCS equal to their control group contemporaries ( n = 5) by d 220 of gestation. All cows were fed the control diet from d 220 until 250 of gestation, when the remaining control and NR cows were slaughtered and necropsied. At necropsy, placentomes were fixed via perfusion of the caruncular and cotyledonary arteries to determine capillary vascular density. Cotyledonary ( fetal placental) and caruncular ( maternal placental) tissues also were snap- frozen in liquid nitrogen, and mRNA concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and its 2 specific receptors, fms- like tyrosine kinase and kinase insert domain containing receptor, as well as placental growth factor, were determined. There was no effect of diet or day of gestation on the percentage of proliferating caruncular cells. Although diet did not impact cotyledonary cellular proliferation, there was an increase ( P < 0.05) in the percentage of proliferating cells on d 250 compared with d 125 of gestation. Nutrient restriction from d 30 to 125 increased ( P = 0.10) placental mRNA concentrations of placental growth factor and fms- like tyrosine kinase; however, there was no alteration in vascularity. By d 250 of gestation, NR cows had increased ( P < 0.05) caruncular capillary surface density and decreased ( P < 0.05) cotyledonary capillary area density, capillary number density, and capillary surface density compared with control cows. Although nutrient restriction had little effect on placental vascularity by d 125, upon realimentation, alterations in vascularity became apparent by d 250 of gestation, suggesting a placental programming effect. C1 Univ Wyoming, Ctr Study Fetal Program, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Ford, SP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Ctr Study Fetal Program, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM spford@uwyo.edu RI Zhu, Mei-Jun/A-4248-2013; Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2464 EP 2472 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-805 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700012 PM 17565057 ER PT J AU Waterman, RC Grings, EE Geary, TW Roberts, AJ Alexander, LJ MacNeil, MD AF Waterman, R. C. Grings, E. E. Geary, T. W. Roberts, A. J. Alexander, L. J. MacNeil, M. D. TI Influence of seasonal forage quality on glucose kinetics of young beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; forage quality; gestation; glucose kinetics; serum metabolite ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; DIETARY-COMPOSITION; CALF PERFORMANCE; FATTY-ACIDS; WEIGHT-GAIN; POSTPARTUM; CATTLE; ENERGY AB Extensive range livestock production systems in the western United States rely heavily on rangeland forages to meet the nutritional needs of grazing livestock throughout the year. Interannual variation in the quantity and quality of rangeland forage in the Northern Great Plains, as well as throughout much of the western United States, may play a pivotal role in how well grazing ruminants sequester nutrients in their tissues. This variation in forage quality may influence the ability of a beef cow to utilize dietary nutrients via changes in tissue responsiveness to insulin. Identifying specific periods and production states in which this phenomenon is manifested will provide insight into the development and implementation of strategic and targeted supplementation practices that improve nutrient utilization during times of nutritional imbalance and may improve the lifetime productivity of grazing range beef cows. A 2- yr study was conducted to monitor serum metabolites, glucose kinetics during glucose tolerance tests, and forage chemical composition every 90 d in young cows ( 2 to 4 yr of age; n = 28). In yr 1 and 2, cows were managed on 4 pastures varying in size from 36 to 76 ha in yr 1 and 49 to 78 ha in yr 2. Regardless of year, cow age, or cow physiological status, the main factor influencing glucose half- life was season of the year ( P = 0.02). Effects of season on glucose half- life closely followed assessments describing forage quality, with glucose half- lives of 46, 39, 43, and 51 +/- 3.9 min for May, August, December, and March, respectively. Elevated glucose half- life during seasons in which forage quality is of lower nutritive value indicated that tissue responsiveness to the actions of insulin followed seasonal changes in forage quality. Glucose half- life tended ( P = 0.09) to decrease between May and August, increased ( P = 0.04) between December and March, and showed a tendency ( P = 0.10) to decrease in seasons of greater nutrient density ( May and August) compared with seasons of lower nutrient density ( December and March). Seasonal changes in serum metabolites were also observed and corresponded with changes in forage quality. The results support our hypothesis that as the season progresses and forage quality declines, maternal tissues become less responsive to insulin, indicating that targeted supplementation with glucogenic precursors during these seasons of nutritional stress may improve cow performance. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Waterman, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM richard.waterman@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2582 EP 2595 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0023 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700025 PM 17609469 ER PT J AU Duckett, SK Neel, JPS Sonon, RN Fontenot, JP Clapham, WM Scaglia, G AF Duckett, S. K. Neel, J. P. S. Sonon, R. N., Jr. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. M. Scaglia, G. TI Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: II. Ninth- tenth- eleventh-rib composition, muscle color, and palatability SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; forage; stocker; carcass composition; meat quality ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; BEEF QUALITY; MEAT QUALITY; INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RETAIL PRODUCT; MARBLING SCORE; COOKED BEEF AB Angus-cross steers (n = 198; 270 kg; 8 mo) were used in a 3-yr study to assess the effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on 9 10-11th-rib composition, color, and palatability. During the winter months (December to April), steers were randomly allotted to 3 stocker growth rates: low (0.23 kg/d), medium (0.45 kg/d ), or high (0.68 kg/d). At the completion of the stocking phase, steers were allotted randomly within each stocker growth rate to a high concentrate (CONC) or to a pasture ( PAST) finishing system. All steers were finished to an equal time endpoint to minimize confounding due to animal age. At the end of the finishing phase, steers were transported to a commercial packing plant for slaughter and a primal rib (NAMP 107) was removed from 1 side of each carcass. The 9-10-11th-rib section was dissected into lean, fat, and bone, and LM samples were analyzed for palatability and collagen content. Hot carcass weight and 9 -10-11th-rib section weight were greater (P = 0.01) for high than low or medium. Winter stocker growth rate did not alter 9-10-11th rib composition. The percentage of fat-free lean, including the LM and other lean trim, was greater (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Total fat percentage of the 9-10-11th-rib section was 42% lower (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC due to lower percentages of s. c., intermuscular, and i. m. fat. The percentage of total bone in the 9-10-11th-rib section was greater (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Finishing beef cattle on PAST increased (P = 0.001) the percentage of lean and bone and reduced (P = 0.001) the percentage of fat in the carcass based on published prediction equations from 9-10-11th rib dissection. Stocker growth rate did not influence the objective color scores of LM or s. c. fat. Longissimus muscle color of PAST was darker (lower L*; P = 0.0001) and less red (lower a*; P = 0.002) than CONC. Juiciness scores were greater (P = 0.02) for CONC than PAST. Initial and overall tenderness scores as well as Warner-Bratzler shear force values did not differ (P = 0.28) among finishing systems. Beef flavor intensity was lower (P = 0.0001) and off-flavor intensity greater (P = 0.0001) for PAST than CONC. Total collagen content was greater (P = 0.0005) for PAST than CONC; however, there were no differences in percentage soluble or insoluble collagen. Growth rate during the winter stocker period did not influence rib composition, color, or beef palatability. Finishing steers on forage reduced fat percentages in the rib and LM without altering tenderness of beef steaks. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Duckett, SK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sducket@clemson.edu NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2691 EP 2698 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-734 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700035 PM 17644782 ER PT J AU Reed, JJ Ward, MA Vonnahme, KA Neville, TL Julius, SL Borowicz, PP Taylor, JB Redmer, DA Grazul-Bilska, AT Reynolds, LP Caton, JS AF Reed, J. J. Ward, M. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Neville, T. L. Julius, S. L. Borowicz, P. P. Taylor, J. B. Redmer, D. A. Grazul-Bilska, A. T. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of selenium supply and dietary restriction on maternal and fetal body weight, visceral organ mass and cellularity estimates, and jejunal vascularity in pregnant ewe lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal; maternal; nutrient restriction; pregnancy; selenium ID FINISHING BEEF STEERS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INTESTINAL CELLULARITY; NUTRIENT RESTRICTION; CORPORA-LUTEA; GROWTH; SHEEP; EXPRESSION; NUTRITION AB To examine effects of nutrient restriction and dietary Se on maternal and fetal visceral tissues, 36 pregnant Targhee-cross ewe lambs were allotted randomly to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were plane of nutrition control, 100% of requirements vs. restricted, 60% of controls and dietary Se [adequate Se, ASe (6 mu g/kg of BW) vs. high Se, HSe ( 80 mu g/kg of BW)] from Se-enriched yeast. Selenium treatments were initiated 21 d before breeding and dietary restriction began on d 64 of gestation. Diets contained 16% CP and 2.12 Mcal/kg of ME (DM basis) and differing amounts were fed to control and restricted groups. On d 135 +/- 5 ( mean +/- range) of gestation, ewes were slaughtered and visceral tissues were harvested. There was a nutrition x Se interaction (P = 0.02) for maternal jejunal RNA: DNA; no other interactions were detected for maternal measurements. Maternal BW, stomach complex, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and kidney mass were less (P <= 0.01) in restricted than control ewes. Lung mass ( g/kg of empty BW) was greater (P = 0.09) in restricted than control ewes and for HSe compared with ASe ewes. Maternal jejunal protein content and protein: DNA were less (P <= 0.002) in restricted than control ewes. Maternal jejunal DNA and RNA concentrations and total proliferating jejunal cells were not affected ( P >= 0.11) by treatment. Total jejunal and mucosal vascularity (mL) were less ( P <= 0.01) in restricted than control ewes. Fetuses from restricted ewes had less BW (P = 0.06), empty carcass weight (P = 0.06), crown-rump length (P = 0.03), liver (P = 0.01), pancreas (P = 0.07), perirenal fat (P = 0.02), small intestine (P = 0.007), and spleen weights (P = 0.03) compared with controls. Fetuses from HSe ewes had heavier (P <= 0.09) BW, and empty carcass, heart, lung, spleen, total viscera, and large intestine weights compared with ASe ewes. Nutrient restriction resulted in less protein content (mg, P = 0.01) and protein: DNA (P = 0.06) in fetal jejunum. Fetal muscle DNA (nutrition by Se interaction, P = 0.04) concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in restricted ewes fed HSe compared with other treatments. Fetal muscle RNA concentration (P = 0.01) and heart RNA content (P = 0.04) were greater in HSe vs. ASe ewes. These data indicate that maternal dietary Se may alter fetal responses, as noted by greater fetal heart, lung, spleen, and BW. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. Colby Community Coll, Colby, KS 67701 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joel.caton@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 64141] NR 38 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2721 EP 2733 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-785 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700038 PM 17609476 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Paisley, SI Geary, TW Grings, EE Waterman, RC MacNeil, MD AF Roberts, A. J. Paisley, S. I. Geary, T. W. Grings, E. E. Waterman, R. C. MacNeil, M. D. TI Effects of restricted feeding of beef heifers during the postweaning period on growth, efficiency, and ultrasound carcass characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass; cattle; gain : eed; feed level; growth; heifer development ID PERFORMANCE; CATTLE; ENERGY; TRAITS; WEIGHT; ANGUS AB Traits used for identification of replacement beef heifers and feeding levels provided during postweaning development may have major financial implications due to effects on maintenance requirements and level of lifetime production. The current study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of feeding during the postweaning period on growth, G: F, and ultrasound carcass measurements of heifers, and the associations among these traits. Heifers (1/2 Red Angus, 1/4 Charolais, and 1/4 Tarentaise) born in 3 yr were randomly assigned to a control ( fed to appetite; n = 205) or restricted ( fed at 80% of that consumed by controls adjusted to a common BW basis; n = 192) feeding during a 140-d postweaning period. Heifers were individually fed a diet of 68% corn silage, 18% alfalfa, and protein-mineral supplement (DM basis) in pens equipped with Calan gates. Ultrasound measurements of LM area, intramuscular fat, and subcutaneous fat thickness over the LM were made on d 140 (382 +/- 0.8 d of age). Average daily DMI was 4.1 and 5.6 kg/d for restricted and control heifers, respectively (P < 0.001). Feed restriction decreased (P < 0.001) BW (292 vs. 314 kg), ADG (0.52 vs. 0.65 kg/d), LM area ( 55 vs. 59 cm(2)), intramuscular fat (3.2 vs. 3.5%), and subcutaneous fat thickness over the LM (3.2 vs. 3.9 mm), but increased G: F (0.12 vs. 0.11) when compared with control at the end of the 140-d study. The magnitude of the associations of DMI with ADG (r = 0.32 vs. 0.21), 140-d BW (r = 0.78 vs. 0.36), hip height (r = 0.57 vs. 0.17), LMA (r = 0.30 vs. 0.18), and BCS (r = 0.17 vs. 0.11) was greater in restricted-than control-fed heifers. Variance of residual feed intake, calculated within each treatment, was greater (P < 0.01) in control (0.088) than restricted (0.004) heifers, and magnitude of association between residual feed intake and average DMI was greater in control (r = 0.88) than restricted (r = 0.41) heifers. Pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.11) to be reduced in heifers that had been developed on restricted feeding (86.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 91.5 +/- 2.3%). However, ADG was greater (P < 0.001) in restricted than control heifers (0.51 vs. 0.46 kg/d) while grazing native range in the 7 mo after restriction. In summary, restricted heifers consumed 22% less feed on a per-pregnantheifer basis during the development period and had a greater magnitude of association between DMI and several growth-related traits at the end of the 140-d postweaning feeding period, which is indicative of improved efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM andy.roberts@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2740 EP 2745 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0141 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700040 PM 17565051 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Terrill, TH Kallu, RR Miller, JE Mosjidis, J AF Burke, J. M. Terrill, T. H. Kallu, R. R. Miller, J. E. Mosjidis, J. TI Use of copper oxide wire particles to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; goat; gastrointestinal parasite; sericea lespedeza ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; SHEEP; LAMBS; INFECTION; EFFICACY; NEEDLES; LEVAMISOLE; SUPPLEMENT; RUMINANTS AB The objectives of these experiments were to determine the optimal dose of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) necessary to reduce gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in young and mature goats naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus or a mixed infection and to determine whether the effectiveness could be enhanced through feeding management. Two experiments were conducted during cooler months in Georgia, and 4 experiments were conducted during warmer spring or summer months in Arkansas. Meat goats received 0 up to 10 g of COWP under a variety of management conditions. In all experiments, blood and feces were collected every 3 or 7 d from 6 to 42 d to determine blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts ( FEC) to estimate the degree of GIN infection. In mature goats grazing fall pasture, mean FEC of 0 g of COWP-treated goats increased, and those of 4 g of COWP-treated goats remained low on d 0, 7, and 14 ( COWP x d, P < 0.03), and FEC decreased on these days (P < 0.001). In 5 and 10 g of COWP-treated goats, PCV increased (P < 0.001), but FEC and PCV remained unchanged over time in control goats. Fecal egg counts were similar among all low doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 g) of COWP administered to weaned kids for all dates examined (P > 0.10), which were lower on d 7 through 21 ( COWP x date, P < 0.05) but similar by d 28, compared with FEC of 0 g of COWP-treated kids. Packed cell volume was lower in 0 g compared with all COWP-treated kids by d 14 (COWP x date, P < 0.05). Feeding management in combination with COWP for GIN control had little effect compared with COWP alone for these short-term studies. In conclusion, a dose of COWP as low as 0.5 g, which was considered optimal to reduce the risk of copper toxicity, was effective in reducing FEC in young goats, and 5 g of COWP was effective in older goats. Copper oxide does not appear to be effective in controlling newly acquired L4 stage (preadult) larvae, which also feed on blood, leading to decreased PCV in newly infected goats. C1 USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Ft Valley Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2753 EP 2761 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-784 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 211XT UT WOS:000249557700042 PM 17565056 ER PT J AU Smith, RG Gross, KL AF Smith, Richard G. Gross, Katherine L. TI Assembly of weed communities along a crop diversity gradient SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofuels; cropping systems; crop rotation; DISTLM; diversity; ecosystem function; organic; pesticides; sustainable agriculture ID PLANT DIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; COVER CROPS; ROTATION; TILLAGE; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM; BIODIVERSITY; SUPPRESSION; DYNAMICS AB 1. Increasing cropping system diversity is one strategy for reducing reliance on external chemical inputs in agriculture and may have important implications for agro-ecosystem functions related to the regulation of weed populations and community assembly. However, the impacts of cropping system diversity on weed communities have not been evaluated formally in a study comparable with those performed in experimental grasslands, where much of the evidence regarding diversity-ecosystem function has been reported. We performed a field experiment in Michigan, USA, in which we manipulated the number of crop species grown in rotation and as winter cover crops over a 3-year period and in the absence of fertilizer and pesticides, to determine the impact of crop diversity on the abundance, composition and structure of the weed community. 2. Crop diversity treatments consisted of three row-crops, corn Zea mays L., soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. and winter wheat Triticum aestivum L., grown in continuous monoculture and in 2- and 3-year annual rotations with and without cover crops (zero, one or two legume/small grain species). Weed communities were measured each year at peak biomass, with soil resources and light availability being measured over the course of the growing season in the final year of the study. 3. The effects on weed communities of the crop diversity treatments were dependent on rotation phase. In winter wheat, weed abundance and diversity (species richness, H' and D) were lowest in the two highest crop diversity treatments. Across all phases of the rotation, weed community structure was affected more by crop identity than crop diversity per se. 4. In general, the effects of crop diversity on weed communities were mainly the result of the presence of cover crops, which had strong effects on soil resource and light levels, particularly in winter wheat. 5. Synthesis and applications. Increasing crop diversity in the absence of external chemical inputs can result in changes in soil resource availability without a concomitant increase in the abundance of weeds or a shift to weed communities that are more difficult to manage. C1 Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Dept Plant Biol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Smith, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Exot & invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM rsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1056 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01335.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100015 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, NE Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Frescino, TS Blackard, JA AF Zimmermann, N. E. Edwards, T. C. Moisen, G. G. Frescino, T. S. Blackard, J. A. TI Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core-satellite species hypothesis; K-fold cross-validation; Landsat TM; partial regression; predictive habitat distribution models; species traits; variation partitioning ID LAND-COVER DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONTINUUM CONCEPT; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOLOGY; VEGETATION; VARIABLES; ACCURACY AB 1. Compared to bioclimatic variables, remote sensing predictors are rarely used for predictive species modelling. When used, the predictors represent typically habitat classifications or filters rather than gradual spectral, surface or biophysical properties. Consequently, the full potential of remotely sensed predictors for modelling the spatial distribution of species remains unexplored. Here we analysed the partial contributions of remotely sensed and climatic predictor sets to explain and predict the distribution of 19 tree species in Utah. We also tested how these partial contributions were related to characteristics such as successional types or species traits. 2. We developed two spatial predictor sets of remotely sensed and topo-climatic variables to explain the distribution of tree species. We used variation partitioning techniques applied to generalized linear models to explore the combined and partial predictive powers of the two predictor sets. Non-parametric tests were used to explore the relationships between the partial model contributions of both predictor sets and species characteristics. 3. More than 60% of the variation explained by the models represented contributions by one of the two partial predictor sets alone, with topo-climatic variables outperforming the remotely sensed predictors. However, the partial models derived from only remotely sensed predictors still provided high model accuracies, indicating a significant correlation between climate and remote sensing variables. The overall accuracy of the models was high, but small sample sizes had a strong effect on cross-validated accuracies for rare species. 4. Models of early successional and broadleaf species benefited significantly more from adding remotely sensed predictors than did late seral and needleleaf species. The core-satellite species types differed significantly with respect to overall model accuracies. Models of satellite and urban species, both with low prevalence, benefited more from use of remotely sensed predictors than did the more frequent core species. 5. Synthesis and applications. If carefully prepared, remotely sensed variables are useful additional predictors for the spatial distribution of trees. Major improvements resulted for deciduous, early successional, satellite and rare species. The ability to improve model accuracy for species having markedly different life history strategies is a crucial step for assessing effects of global change. C1 Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL Land Use Dynam, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Zimmermann, NE (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL Land Use Dynam, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM niklaus.zimmermann@wsl.ch RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 NR 64 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100016 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR Karns, JS AF Van Kessel, J. S. Pachepsky, Y. A. Shelton, D. R. Karns, J. S. TI Survival of Escherichia coli in cowpats in pasture and in laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE controlled experiment; cowpat; die-off; Escherichia coli; faecal coliforms; regrowth; shading ID WATER-QUALITY; MANURE SLURRY; COW MANURE; CATTLE; FATE; O157-H7; FECES; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; RELEASE AB Aims: To compare survival of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms (FC) in bovine faeces deposited in a pasture or incubated in a controlled laboratory environment at temperatures within the same range. Methods and Results: Faecal samples from three cow herds were deposited as shaded and nonshaded cowpats in a field and incubated in a laboratory for one month at 21.1, 26.7 and 32.2 degrees C. Both FC and E. coli concentrations increased as much as 1.5 orders of magnitude both in the field and in the laboratory during the 1st week and subsequently decreased. In shaded cowpats, the die-off of E. coli and FC was significantly slower, and the proportion of E. coli in FC was significantly larger as compared with nonshaded cowpats. The die-off was faster in the field than in the laboratory at similar temperatures. Conclusions: FC and E. coli die-off rates were substantially lower in laboratory conditions than in the field within the same range of temperatures. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study underscores the importance of field data on survival of manure-borne FC and E. coli, and indicates that laboratory die-off rates have to be corrected to be used for field condition simulations. C1 USDA, BA ANRI EMSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, EMSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA, BA ANRI EMSL, 173 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03347.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 215QY UT WOS:000249825300042 PM 17897217 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Remmenga, MD AF Fredrickson, E. L. Estell, R. E. Remmenga, M. D. TI Volatile compounds on the leaf surface of intact and regrowth tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) canopies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarbush; flourensia cernua; regrowth; terpenes; plant secondary metabolites ID ALFALFA PELLETS; LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; SHEEP; CONSUMPTION; PREFERENCE; PLANTS; DESERTIFICATION; MONOTERPENES AB Shrub expansion into desert grasslands is a serious problem resulting in loss of forage and rangeland productivity. Flourensia cernua DC (tarbush) is one such shrub contributing to the decline of Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. Our previous research has shown tarbush consumption by sheep and goats to be negatively related to leaf surface concentration of individual terpenes and epicuticular wax. Concentrations of compounds such as terpenes often change with plant age and phenology. Our objective was to examine the effect of altering the vegetative state of tarbush on volatile chemicals. Ninety tarbush plants were randomly selected, and all biomass within 10 cm of the soil surface was removed from 45 plants during winter dormancy. Leaves were collected the following summer during active growth from the canopy of intact controls and resprouts. Leaf surface volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and subjected to univariate analysis of variance and stepwise discriminate analysis. Of the 87 compounds present on tarbush leaves, 35 were greater in canopy samples and 16 were greater in regrowth samples based on univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Mean concentration of total volatiles on canopy leaves tended to be less (P = 0.062) than that of regrowth (3,642 vs. 4,684 mu g/g DM). Nine compounds in the discriminant analysis (alpha-muurolene, iso-borneol, unknown#6, p-cymen-8-ol, unknown#7, sabinene, beta-caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, and alpha-copaene) explained 95% of the variation between canopy and regrowth samples. Lower cumulative concentration of volatile compounds in canopy than regrowth samples suggests repsrouts may be less vulnerable to herbivory than intact tarbush. C1 USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1867 EP 1875 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9360-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221DA UT WOS:000250206400004 PM 17902021 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM Glenn, AE Macias, FA Marin, D AF Bacon, Charles W. Hinton, Dorothy M. Glenn, Anthony E. Macias, Francisco A. Marin, David TI Interactions of Bacillus mojavensis and Fusarium verticillioides with a benzoxazolinone (BOA) and its transformation product, APO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelochemicals; aminophenoxazines; APO; Bacillus mojavensis; benzoxazinoids; 2-benzoxazolinone; 2-amino-phenoxazin-3-one; BOA; cyclic hydroxamic acids; DIMBOA; Fusarium verticillioides; maize; MBOA; microbial transformations; Zea mays ID CYCLIC HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BENZOXAZINONE ALLELOCHEMICALS; ZEA-MAYS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MAIZE; PLANT; DETOXIFICATION; MONILIFORME; WHEAT AB The benzoxazolinones, specifically benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), are important transformation products of the benzoxazinones that can serve as allelochemicals providing resistance to maize from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and insects. However, maize pathogens such as Fusarium verticillioides are capable of detoxifying the benzoxazolinones to 2-aminophenol (AP), which is converted to the less toxic N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) malonamic acid (HPMA) and 2-acetamidophenol (HPAA). As biocontrol strategies that utilize a species of endophytic bacterium, Bacillus mojavensis, are considered efficacious as a control of this Fusarium species, the in vitro transformation and effects of BOA on growth of this bacterium was examined relative to its interaction with strains of F. verticillioides. The results showed that a red pigment was produced and accumulated only on BOA-amended media when wild type and the progeny of genetic crosses of F. verticillioides are cultured in the presence of the bacterium. The pigment was identified as 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APO), which is a stable product. The results indicate that the bacterium interacts with the fungus preventing the usual transformation of AP to the nontoxic HPMA, resulting in the accumulation of higher amounts of APO than when the fungus is cultured alone. APO is highly toxic to F. verticillioides and other organisms. Thus, an enhanced biocontrol is suggested by this in vitro study. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Cadiz, Fac Sci, Dept Organ Chem, Cadiz 11510, Spain. ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxins Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov OI Macias, Francisco A./0000-0001-8862-2864 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1885 EP 1897 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9347-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221DA UT WOS:000250206400006 PM 17896139 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of lime pretreated wheat straw to ethanol SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheat straw; ethanol; lime pretreatment; enzymatic saccharification; separate hydrolysis and fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID ALKALINE PEROXIDE TREATMENT; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; SACCHARIFICATION; HEMICELLULOSES; XYLOSE AB BACKGROUND: The objective of this work is to develop an efficient pretreatment method that can help enzymes break down the complex carbohydrates present in wheat straw to sugars, and to then ferment of all these sugars to ethanol. RESULTS: The yield of sugars from wheat straw (8.6%, w/v) by lime pretreatment (100mg g(-1) straw, 121 degrees C, 1 h) and enzymatic hydrolysis (4S degrees C, pH 5.0, 120 h) using a cocktail of three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase) at the dose level of 0.15 mL of each enzyme preparation g(-1) straw was 568 +/- 13 mg g(-1) (82% yield). The concentration of ethanol from lime pretreated enzyme saccharified wheat straw (78 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBRS at pH 6.5 and 35 degrees C in 24 h was 22.5 +/- 0.6 g L-1 with a yield of 0.50 g g(-1) available sugars (0.29 g g(-1) straw). The ethanol concentration was 20.6 +/- 0.4 g L-1 with a yield of 0.26 g g(-1) straw in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by the E. coli strain at pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C in 72h. CONCLUSION: The results are important in choosing a suitable pretreatment option for developing bioprocess technologies for conversion of wheat straw to fuel ethanol. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit,Dept Agr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 82 IS 10 BP 913 EP 919 DI 10.1002/jctb.1760 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 221OZ UT WOS:000250238500006 ER PT J AU Bhupathiraju, SN Alekel, DL Stewart, JW Hanson, LN Shedd, KM Reddy, MB Hanson, KB Van Loan, MD Genschel, U Koehler, KJ AF Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N. Alekel, D. Lee Stewart, Jeanne W. Hanson, Laura N. Shedd, Kristine M. Reddy, Manju B. Hanson, Kathy B. Van Loan, Marta D. Genschel, Ulrike Koehler, Kenneth J. TI Relationship of circulating total homocysteine and C-reactive protein to trabecular bone in postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; homocysteine; osteoporosis; postmenopausal women; pQCT; trabecular bone. ID QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; MINERAL DENSITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OLDER PERSONS; FRACTURE RISK; UNITED-STATES; IN-VIVO; SERUM; ASSOCIATION AB Homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are novel risk factors for osteoporosis. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the relationship of Hcy and CRP to volumetric trabecular bone, but also to assess their relationship to areal composite bone in healthy postmenopausal women (N = 184). We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess volumetric bone at the distal tibia and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess areal composite bone at the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Multiple regression revealed that 22% of the variability in trabecular bone mineral content (F = 9.59, p <= 0.0001) was accounted for by weight (12.4%; p <= 0.0001), hemoglobin (5.5%; p = 0.0006), uric acid (4.2%; p = 0.003), and blood glucose (1.5%; p = 0.07). Multiple regression revealed that 5.4% of the variability in trabecular bone mineral density (F = 3.36; p = 0.020) was accounted for by hemoglobin (4.2%; p = 0.006) and Hcy (1.5%; not significant, p = 0.10). Total Hcy and CRP were not significantly related to trabecular bone, perhaps because these were nonosteoporotic women. However, our results suggested a weak but negative relationship between Hcy and trabecular bone. Further investigation is needed to examine the relationship of Hcy as an endogenous bioactive molecule to trabecular bone loss in early postmenopausal women and the response of trabecular bone to dietary intervention. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr designing Foods Improve Nutr Food Sci & Human, Human Metab Unit, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Alekel, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr designing Foods Improve Nutr Food Sci & Human, Human Metab Unit, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM alekel@iastate.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR046922, R01 AR046922-01A2, R01 AR046922-02, R01 AR046922-03] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.jocd.2007.06.002 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 234UA UT WOS:000251188300010 PM 17662632 ER PT J AU Maron, JL Johnson, KL Slonim, D Lai, CQ Ramoni, M Alterovitz, G Jarrah, Z Yang, Z Bianchi, DW AF Maron, Jill L. Johnson, Kirby L. Slonim, Donna Lai, Chao-Qiang Ramoni, Marco Alterovitz, Gil Jarrah, Zina Yang, Zinger Bianchi, Diana W. TI Gene expression analysis in pregnant women and their infants identifies unique fetal biomarkers that circulate in maternal blood SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; PLASMA; SERUM; DNA AB The discovery of fetal mRNA transcripts in the maternal circulation holds great promise for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. To identify potential fetal biomarkers, we studied whole blood and plasma gene transcripts that were common to 9 term pregnant women and their newborns but absent or reduced in the mothers postpartum. RNA was isolated from peripheral or umbilical blood and hybridized to gene expression arrays. Gene expression, paired Student's t test, and pathway analyses were performed. In whole blood, 157 gene transcripts met statistical significance. These fetal biomarkers included 27 developmental genes, 5 sensory perception genes, and 22 genes involved in neonatal physiology. Transcripts were predominantly expressed or restricted to the fetus, the embryo, or the neonate. Real-time RT-PCR amplification confirmed the presence of specific gene transcripts; SNP analysis demonstrated the presence of 3 fetal transcripts in maternal antepartum blood. Comparison of whole blood and plasma samples from the same pregnant woman suggested that placental genes are more easily detected in plasma. We conclude that fetal and placental mRNA circulates in the blood of pregnant women. Transcriptional analysis of maternal whole blood identifies a unique set of biologically diverse fetal genes and has a multitude of clinical applications. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Informat Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Maron, JL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jmaron@tufts-nemc.org FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG003354]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD042053, R01 HD42053]; NLM NIH HHS [5T15 LM007092, T15 LM007092] NR 27 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 117 IS 10 BP 3007 EP 3019 DI 10.1172/JCI29959 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 216QP UT WOS:000249894400031 PM 17885688 ER PT J AU Howell, JM Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Scoles, GA Knowles, DP AF Howell, Jeanne M. Ueti, Massaro W. Palmer, Guy H. Scoles, Glen A. Knowles, Donald P. TI Persistently infected calves as reservoirs for acquisition and transovarial transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL RISK-FACTORS; CATTLE; RESISTANCE; MEXICO; TICKS; ERADICATION; PREVALENCE; LIVESTOCK; YUCATAN; THREAT AB Bahesia bovis is a deadly disease of cattle resulting in severe economic losses in the vast regions of the world where it is endemic. If reintroduced into the United States, babesiosis would cause significant mortality in the naive cattle population. In order to address the risk to U.S. cattle, it is essential to quantify the transovarial transmission efficiency in adult female Boophilus microplus ticks following acquisition feeding on persistently infected cattle. This study tested the hypothesis that infection rates are the same for larval progeny derived from females fed to repletion during persistent or acute infection. Increasing parasite levels during acute infection correlated with an increasing number of females harboring kinetes detectable in hemolymph (r = 0.9). The percent infected larvae ranged from 0 to 20% when derived from females fed to repletion on persistently infected calves and from 4 to 6% when derived from females fed to repletion during acute parasitemia. There was no significant difference in infection rates of larval progeny, implying that the risk associated with the introduction of either persistently infected or acutely infected cattle is equal. Parasite levels ranged from 2.4 X 10(2) to 1.9 X 10(5) in 3-day-fed larvae derived from females fed to repletion on persistently infected cattle. One group of larvae failed to transmit the parasite, suggesting that a threshold level of parasites must be obtained by larval progeny via transovarial transmission in order for larvae to deliver sufficient parasites to infect a naive host. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Howell, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jhowell@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI07025, T32 AI007025] NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3155 EP 3159 DI 10.1128/JCM.00766-07 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200002 PM 17687016 ER PT J AU Krizsan, SJ Broderick, GA Muck, RE Promkot, C Colombini, S Randby, AT AF Krizsan, S. J. Broderick, G. A. Muck, R. E. Promkot, C. Colombini, S. Randby, A. T. TI Effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage storage structure; dairy cow; milk production; roasted corn ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; SOLVENT SOYBEAN-MEAL; MILK-PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; RUMEN FERMENTATION; INTERNAL MARKERS; DIFFERENT DIETS; PARTICLE-SIZE; SOLE FORAGE; PROTEIN AB The objective of this study was to determine if feeding roasted corn would improve production and nutrient utilization when supplemented to lactating cows fed 1 of 3 different alfalfa silages (AS). Forty- two lactating Holstein cows (6 fitted with ruminal cannulas) averaging 77 d in milk and 43 kg of milk/d pretrial were assigned to 2 cyclic changeover designs. Treatments were AS ensiled in bag, bunker, or O-2-limiting tower silos and supplemented with ground shelled corn (GSC) or roasted GSC (RGSC). Silages were prepared from second-cutting alfalfa, field- wilted an average of 24 h, and ensiled over 2 d. Production and N utilization were evaluated in 36 cows during four 28-d periods, and ruminal fermentation was evaluated with 6 cows during five 21- d periods. Experimental diets contained 40% AS, 15% corn silage, and 35% of either GSC or RGSC on a dry matter basis. No significant interactions between AS and corn sources were detected for any production trait. Although the chemical composition of the 3 AS was similar, feeding AS from the O-2-limited tower silo elicited positive production responses. Yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk and fat were increased 1.7 kg/ d and 150 g/d, and milk fat content was increased 0.3% when cows were fed diets based on AS from the O-2-limiting silo compared with the other 2 silages. The responses in milk fat were paralleled by an average increase in acid detergent fiber digestibility of 270 g/d for cows fed AS from the O-2-limiting tower silo. However, ruminal concentrations of lipogenic volatile fatty acids were unchanged with AS source. Cows fed RGSC consumed 0.6 kg/ d more dry matter and yielded 30 g/ d more protein and 50 g/ d more lactose than cows fed GSC diets. There was no evidence of increased total tract digestibility of organic matter or starch, or reduced ruminal NH3 concentration, when feeding RGSC. Free amino acids increased, and isovalerate decreased in rumen fluid from cows fed RGSC diets. However, responses in production with roasted corn were mainly due to increased dry matter intake, which increased the supply of energy and nutrients available for synthesis of milk and milk components. C1 Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Univ Milan, Ist Zootecn gen, Facolta Agraria, Milan, Italy. RP Krizsan, SJ (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM sophie.krizsan@umb.no NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 BP 4793 EP 4804 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-816 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 212HA UT WOS:000249583700032 PM 17881702 ER PT J AU Mark, T Fikse, WF Sullivan, PG VanRaden, PM AF Mark, T. Fikse, W. F. Sullivan, P. G. VanRaden, P. M. TI Prediction of genetic correlations and international breeding values for missing traits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; international genetic evaluation; udder health; prior information ID LINKED BULL POPULATIONS; MODEL AB Prediction of genetic merit for missing traits is possible by combining available indicator traits. Indicator traits were combined using genetic correlations obtained from multiple regression equations of estimated genetic correlations among available indicator traits on variables explaining production circumstances and trait definitions. This prediction of missing traits was closer to actual breeding values than breeding values for any of the indicator traits. This was verified by evaluating clinical mastitis in each of the Nordic countries as a missing trait. The derived methodology was used to predict breeding values for clinical mastitis in the United States for local and international bulls with an average reliability of 43%. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Dept Large Anim Sci, Fac Life Sci, DK-1870 Copenhagen C, Denmark. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Interbull Ctr, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON N1G 4T2, Canada. USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mark, T (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Large Anim Sci, Fac Life Sci, Gronnegardsvej 8, DK-1870 Copenhagen C, Denmark. EM thm@life.ku.dk OI Fikse, Freddy/0000-0003-0578-0184 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 BP 4805 EP 4813 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0248 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 212HA UT WOS:000249583700033 PM 17881703 ER PT J AU Neven, L Follett, PA Raghubeer, E AF Neven, Lisa Follett, Peter A. Raghubeer, Errol TI Potential for high hydrostatic pressure processing to control quarantine insects in fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; Cydia pomonella; western cherry fruit fly; Rhagoletis indifferens; quarantine treatment AB Tests were conducted to determine the potential for high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran. Apples (Malus spp.) with codling moth larvae or eggs were treated at 24 and 72 h, respectively, after infestation at a series of pressures between 14,000 and 26,000 pounds per inch 2 (psi). Survivorship was determined the next day for larvae and after 10 d for eggs. Codling moth eggs were more tolerant of HPP treatment than larvae. Mortality of larvae was 97% at 22,000 psi, whereas mortality of eggs at this dose was 29% and not significantly different from the untreated controls. In a second study, no codling moth eggs hatched at any high pressure treatment between 30,000 and 80,000 psi, indicating these pressures were lethal. Various stages of western cherry fruit fly were treated at pressures from 10,000 to 45,000 psi, and survivorship was determined after 24 h. Eggs and third instars were more tolerant of HPP than the first and second instars. Mortality was 100% in western cherry fruit fly eggs and larvae at pressures >= 25,000 psi. Apple and sweet cherry quality after high pressure treatment was poor, but high pressure may have applications to control quarantine pests in other fruits. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Avure Technol, Kent, WA 98032 USA. RP Neven, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1503 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1499:PFHHPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700002 PM 17972625 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Follett, PA AF Hollingsworth, Robert G. Follett, Peter A. TI Ionizing radiation for quarantine control of Opogona sacchari (Lepidoptera : Tineidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Opogona sacchari; sterilizing dose; irradiation; quarantine treatment; biosecurity ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; IRRADIATION; SECURITY; HAWAII; FLIES AB A discriminating irradiation dose of 150 gray (Gy) was used to determine the most tolerant immature stages of Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Based on adult emergence, early and late pupae were determined to be the most tolerant stages, and they were significantly more tolerant than eggs, neonate larvae, and larvae that were 1, 2, or 3 wk old. Irradiation treatment of eggs, neonates, 1-wk-old larvae, 2-wk-old larvae, 3-wk-old larvae, early pupae, and late pupae at 150 Gy resulted in a 96, 96, 95, 73, 61, 8, and 9% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Pupae were treated with irradiation doses between 60 and 400 Gy. Emergence to the adult stage was significantly reduced by irradiation, averaging 90% in experimental controls and 29% in the 400-Gy treatment. Egg production was also reduced by irradiation, although the average age of pupae at the time of irradiation had a larger effect on fecundity. In total, 2,527 pupae treated with 120 Gy eclosed and produced 47,221 eggs and three F, larvae. In the 150-Gy treatment, 2,927 adults in total emerged from the 4,626 insects treated as pupae. These adults laid 62,878 eggs, none of which hatched. We conclude that a minimum dose of 150 Gy should be sufficient for sterilization of immature O. sacchari infesting export commodities. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, PO Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM robert.hollingsworth@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1524 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1519:IRFQCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 220KD UT WOS:000250154700005 PM 17972628 ER EF