FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chao, SY Houser, RF Tennstedt, S Jacques, P Dwyer, JT AF Chao, Shirley Y. Houser, Robert F. Tennstedt, Sharon Jacques, Paul Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Food and nutrition care indicators: Experts' views on quality indicators for food and nutrition services in assisted-living facilities for older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SAFETY PRACTICES; IOWA AB This study assessed the views of 153 national experts in nutrition, health, and aging services in assisted-living facilities; including gerontological nutrition (39%), food-service (14%), aging and disability (22%), geriatric medicine (9%), and assisted living (16%); on the practices that serve as indicators of the quality of food and nutrition services provided in assisted-living facilities and ascertained the most favored style of service delivery: health, amenities, or both. An 88-item Food and Nutrition Care Indicators survey was developed from assisted-living facility regulations in 50 states and other quality indicators of nutrition services. Respondents rated each item on a scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important). Results show that at least 80% of experts rated the majority of indicators in each domain as highly important (57% of dining room, 67% of foodservice indicators, 65% of general nutrition, and 70% of therapeutic nutrition indicators). Most experts (89%) rated a combination of indicators that included both health (general and therapeutic) and amenities service styles as being highly important. The 57 items rated most important were consolidated into a checklist. A service model that incorporates all of these elements appears to be most appropriate. C1 Massachusetts Execut Off Elder Affairs, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Res Inst, Inst Studies Aging, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Chao, SY (reprint author), Massachusetts Execut Off Elder Affairs, One Ashbuton Pl,5th Floor, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM Shirley.chao@state.ma.us OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 107 IS 9 BP 1590 EP 1598 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.06.006 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 210EO UT WOS:000249439700026 PM 17761237 ER PT J AU Bernier, UR Kline, DL Allan, SA Barnard, DR AF Bernier, Ulrich R. Kline, Daniel L. Allan, Sandra A. Barnard, Donald R. TI Laboratory comparison of Aedes Aegypti attraction to human odors and to synthetic human odor compounds and blends SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE attractants; kairomones; lactic acid; acetone; dimethyl disulfide ID L-LACTIC ACID; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; HUMAN SKIN EMANATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HOST-SEEKING; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; IDENTIFICATION AB Chemical lures can enhance the ability of traps to collect mosquitoes, selectively target species for capture, and provide a realistic assessment of the species and host-equivalent numbers of mosquitoes present in the local area. One approach to the development of chemical lures is to manufacture blends that comprise odors released in human emanations. These blends need to be safe for use in the environment, desirable from an economic standpoint, and transportable to the field for use in traps. In this report, we compared the attraction of mosquitoes to various chemicals, blends, and odors from humans. Noncompetitive (single-treatment) bioassays established that some blends are equivalent or more attractive to Aedes aegypti than human odors. Competitive bioassays were conducted; these involved simultaneous comparison of 2 treatments: single compounds to binary blends; binary blends to a trinary blend of L-lactic acid, acetone, and dimethyl disulfide; and the trinary blend to human odors from 3 volunteers. The overall trend was that the trinary blend was more attractive than binary blends, and binary blends were more attractive than single compounds. However, human odors were still significantly more attractive than the trinary blend. Therefore, further modifications and refinements to blends will be needed to better compete against human odors. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 288 EP 293 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[288:LCOAAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 212TE UT WOS:000249618900007 PM 17939508 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Smith, VL Martin, DE Fritz, BK AF Hoffmann, W. Clint Walker, Todd W. Smith, Vince L. Martin, Dan E. Fritz, Brad K. TI Droplet-size characterization of handheld atomization equipment typically used in vector control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE atomization; droplet size; sprayer; hand-held sprayer; vector control ID ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; EFFICACY; SPRAYS AB The atomization characteristics of 4 handheld sprayers (Leco P-1, Colt ULV Aerosol Generator, ULVAFAN MK2, Turbair ElectraFan 12) and a Stihl SR400 backpack sprayer were evaluated with the use of water- and oil-bascd solutions. The effects on droplet-size spectrum (i.e., droplet size) for 3 insecticides (Tempo SC Ultra((R)), Anvil 10+10((R)), and Aqua-Reslin((R))) were also evaluated. Generic Solutions were used to simulate the physical properties of the active-ingredient solutions in some tests. Significant differences were observed in the droplet spectrum generated by the different sprayers. The Volume median diameter of the equipment tested ranged from 14.9 to 90.5 mu m for the water-based solutions and from 11.7 to 92.4 mu m for the oil-based solutions. The Colt ULV sprayer was the only one tested that complied with label requirements for aerosols, yielding acceptable D-v0.5 values of 14.9-16.0 mu m with water-based Aqua-Reslin and 14.1 mu m with Anvil 10+10. The information presented will allow equipment operators to make an informed decision when selecting equipment and operational parameters. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&b Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[315:DCOHAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 212TE UT WOS:000249618900012 PM 17939513 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Martin, DE Barber, JAB Gwinn, T Smith, VL Szumlas, D Lan, Y Fritz, BK AF Hoffmann, W. C. Walker, T. W. Martin, D. E. Barber, J. A. B. Gwinn, T. Smith, V. L. Szumlas, D. Lan, Y. Fritz, B. K. TI Characterization of truck-mounted atomization equipment typically used in vector control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE atomization; droplet size; sprayer; handheld sprayer; vector control ID ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; DROPLET SIZE; EFFICACY; SPRAYS AB The control of medically important arthropod vectors of human and animal disease is a high priority for both public health and military officials. Because droplet size of pesticide spray material is a critical factor affecting vector control applications, the droplet-size spectra produced by I I sprayers and 3 spray formulations were evaluated. Droplet-size spectra were measured by a laser diffraction instrument, a hot-wire system, and rotating slides. There were considerable differences in the droplet-size spectra produced by the different sprayers tested. The volume median diameter (D-v0.5) for the water-based sprays ranged from 4.7 to 211 mu m, depending on the sprayer, and the percent of spray volume contained in droplets less than 20 pin (%vol < 20 mu m) ranged between 0.5% and 98.9%. The D-v0.5 measurements for the oil-based sprays ranged from 9.4 to 125.3 mu m and the %vol < 20 gin ranged between 2.4% and 97.9%. The correlations between the D-v0.5 measured by the laser system (Dv0.5-laser) and the mass median diameter, Sauter diameter, and D-v0.5 measured by the AIMS probe were all significant. Generally, the slide D(v0.5)s were numerically similar to the D-v0.5 from the laser system and the Sauter diameter from the Army Insecticide Measuring System probe. There was less consistent agreement between the % < 32 pm values obtained from the slides and those from the other 2 samplers. The information presented can be used by applicators to select the sprayer that produces the droplet-size spectra needed for their particular application Situation. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. ADAPCO, Sanford, FL 32773 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[321:COTAET]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 212TE UT WOS:000249618900013 PM 17939514 ER PT J AU Wagner, VE Efford, AC Williams, RL Kirby, JS Grogan, WL AF Wagner, Vaughn E. Efford, Allison C. Williams, Russell L. Kirby, Jane S. Grogan, William L., Jr. TI Mosquitoes associated with us department of agriculture managed wetlands on Maryland's Delmarva peninsula SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito species diversity; managed wetlands; temporary pools; Delmarva peninsula ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS AB Mosquito faunal studies were carried out 2004-2005 in Maryland's Eastern Shore wetlands managed by the US Department of Agriculture. The wetlands included flooded fields, inundated woodlands, and tidal salt marshes. Sampling methods included larval collections, adult landing counts, and CDC light and oviposition traps. A total of 1,186 larvae and 1,363 adults identified represented 14 species. Temporary pools were found to have the highest potential for rapid mosquito colonization with Psorophora columbiae the predominant species. Aedes vexans, Culex territanslpipiens, Ps. ciliatalhowardii, and Anopheles crucians were collected primarily from pond and flooded woodlands. Ochlerotatus sollicitans larvae were sampled from tidal pools. The predominant daytime landing count species was Oc. sollicitans with Ps. ciliata, Ae. vexans, and Cx. territans also identified. Light traps collected An. crucians, the principal crepuscular species from flooded wooded areas. Aedes atlanticus, An. quadrimaculatus, Coquillettidia perturbans, Cx. restuans, Oc. sollicitans, Ps. ciliata, Ps. columbiae, and Uranotaenia sopphirina were also identified. Oviposition traps collected small numbers of An. crucians at the tidal marsh, I Ae. albopictus, and I each of Cx. territanslpipiens from the flooded woodlands. As a result of this study, it was recommended that abatement strategies be implemented during and after wetland construction to minimize the creation of temporary pool breeding sites. C1 Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Snow Hill, MD USA. RP Wagner, VE (reprint author), Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[346:MAWUDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 212TE UT WOS:000249618900018 PM 17939519 ER PT J AU Sagaram, M Lombardini, L Grauke, LJ AF Sagaram, Madhulika Lombardini, Leonardo Grauke, L. J. TI Variation in leaf anatomy of pecan cultivars from three ecogeographic locations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; ecogeographical traits; stomatal density; stomatal index; trichome density ID STOMATAL DENSITY; PAWNEE PECAN; ELEVATED CO2; TRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PUBESCENCE; MORPHOLOGY; LEAVES; WHEAT AB An assessment of leaf anatomic traits of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars (Pawnee, Mohawk, and Starking Hardy Giant) collected from three locations (Tifton, GA; Chetopa, KS; and Stillwater, OK) was conducted to provide an understanding of patterns of ecogeographical variation within the natural range. Acetate casts of representative leaves were prepared for microscopic characterization of epidermal traits (stomatal density, stomatal index, and epidermal cell density). There were differences among the three pecan cultivars at the same location, but there were no differences in stomatal density within the same cultivar grown at three distinct locations. The stomatal density of 'Pawnee' leaves (404 stomata/mm(2)) was intermediate between that of 'Mohawk' (363 stomata/mm(2)) and 'Starking Hardy Giant' (463 stomata/mm(2)). 'Pawnee' had the greatest epidermal cell density (2511 cells/mm(2)) whereas 'Starking Hardy Giant' showed the least (1414 cells/mm(2)). Within a location, stomatal index differed significantly among cultivars, with 'Starking Hardy Giant' having a greater stomatal index than the other two cultivars. There were no differences in stomatal index across locations. 'Mohawk' had the greatest trichome density (18.92 trichomes/mm(2)) whereas 'Starking Hardy Giant' had the lowest (9.6 trichomes/mm(2)). The study suggests that differences in stomatal density and epidermal cell density in pecans are cultivar specific rather than being determined by environmental factors. The stability of certain leaf anatomic characteristics, such as stomatal and epidermal cell density, for pecan cultivars grown at different locations confirms that these traits can be used for screening provenances with desirable leaf anatomic characteristics for breeding and cultivar development. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Lombardini, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, TAMU 2133, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM l-lombardini@tamu.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 592 EP 596 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800003 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Lewers, KS AF Wang, Shiow Y. Lewers, Kim S. TI Antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content in wild strawberries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fragaria; genotypes; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radicals ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PHENOLICS; ANTHOCYANINS; FRUITS; INCREASES; SYSTEMS AB Fruit of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) are a good source of natural antioxidants, which play an important role in protecting human health. Antioxidant levels vary considerably among strawberry genotypes. The cultivated strawberry is a hybrid of two very different wild progenitor species: F. virginiana Mill. and F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. The progenitor species are valued by strawberry breeders as sources of novel traits, but have not been evaluated for antioxidant capacity or levels of antioxidant compounds. The objectives of this study are 1) to evaluate the antioxidant contents and antioxidant activities in representatives of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis in comparison with representatives of the cultivated strawberry species (F. x ananassa), 2) to determine which strawberry compounds are most closely correlated with antioxidant capacity among these three species, and 3) to identify wild strawberry genotypes with high antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds for use in cultivar development. Fruit of 19 accessions from each of the three species, cultivated strawberry plus the two progenitor species (F. x ananassa, F. virginiana, and F. chiloensis), were evaluated for levels of antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), total phenolics, total anthocyanins, ellagic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside plus quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, p-coumaryl-glucose, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyaniclin 3-glucoside-succinate. Fruit of the 13 accessions tested from the wild progenitor species F. virginiana had significantly higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins than did the fruit of three accessions tested from the cultivated strawberry F. xananassa, or the three accessions tested from the other wild progenitor species (F. chiloensis), and will be valuable as a source of parent material for developing more nutritious strawberry cultivars. The high correlation with antioxidant capacity, relative efficiency, and lack of genotype-by-year interaction in this study suggests that the measurement of total phenolics may be the better assay to use for the later selection stages in a strawberry cultivar development program. Of the evaluated F. virginiana accessions, NC 95-19-1, JP 95-1-1, CFRA 0982, NC 96-5-3, and RH 30 fruit were highest in antioxidant capacity and should prove useful toward development of strawberry cultivars with high antioxidant capacities. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 010A,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 629 EP 637 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800008 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Lewers, KS Bowman, L Ding, M AF Wang, Shiow Y. Lewers, Kim S. Bowman, Linda Ding, Min TI Antioxidant activities and anticancer cell proliferation properties of wild strawberries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fragaria; germplasm; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radicals ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 ACTIVITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; SENSITIVE METHOD; SINGLET OXYGEN; INHIBITION AB Fruit extracts from 17 to 18 representatives of three strawberry species [Fragaria virginiana Mill., F. chiloensis (L.) Mill., and F. xananassa Duchesne ex Rozier] were tested for the ability to inhibit proliferation of A549 human lung epithelial cancer cells. The fruit extracts also were tested for activities against free radicals, (peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide radicals), the activities of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)], and the activities of nonenzyme antioxidant components, ascorbic acid and glutathione. Correlations between the proliferation of cancer cells and these antioxidant activities were calculated. At the species level, F. virginiana fruit extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 human lung epithelial cancer cells to a significantly greater extent (34% inhibition) than the extracts from fruit of either F. chiloensis (26%) or F. xananassa (25%) (P < 0.0001). Extracts from fruit of F. virginiana also had significantly greater antioxidant activities and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzyme components than did extracts from the other two species. Among individual genotypes, there was a high positive correlation between anti proliferation of A549 cancer cells, antioxidant activities against free radicals, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and activities of nonenzyme components. Although all fruit extracts from all the strawberry genotypes inhibited proliferation of A594 cancer cells, fruit extracts from seven F. virginiana genotypes showed significantly greater antiproliferative effects than any of the F. xananassa or F. chiloensis genotypes. These genotypes, CFRA 0982, JP 95-1-1, NC 95-19-1, RH 309 NC 96-48-1, JP 95-9-6, and LH 50-4, may be especially useful in developing cultivars with greater anticancer potential. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 010A,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 647 EP 658 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800010 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Senalik, D Simon, PW AF Ipek, Meryem Ipek, Ahmet Senalik, Douglas Simon, Philipp W. TI Characterization of an unusual cytoplasmic chimera detected in bolting garlic clones SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; marker; flowering; mitochondria; plastid ID ALLIUM-CEPA L.; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; MALE-STERILITY; RAPD MARKERS; GENE; ONION; CLASSIFICATION; ISOZYME AB Production of a visible flower stalk, or bolting, has been used as a major trait to categorize garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones. Analysis of mitochondrial genome variation with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed differences between bolting and nonbolting clones of garlic. Screening 333 garlic accessions from diverse geographic origins revealed a 1403-bp mitochondrial DNA marker associated with bolting that the authors call "Bolt Marker" (BltM). Bolt Marker did not amplify in any of the 131 nonbolting clones, whereas amplification of this marker was observed in 127 of 130 (97.7%) garlic clones that bolted completely in Wisconsin. Seventy-two garlic clones bolted incompletely (clones in which some but not all of the plants bolted), and this marker was not amplified in 69 (95.8%) of these clones. Because of the significant association of BltM with bolting, this PCR-based marker can be used to discriminate complete-bolting garlic clones reliably from nonbolting and incomplete-bolting ones. Sequence characterization of this marker revealed that BltM is a chimera involving both mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA. The DNA sequences including and flanking both the 5' and 3' ends of this marker are consistent with an approximate to 4.8-kbp chloroplast DNA fragment having been inserted into the mitochondrial genome downstream from the mitochondrial cox3 gene. Sequence alignment of the chloroplast genes in this chimeric region with the homologous sequences in GenBank indicate the presence of deletions, insertions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding sequences, resulting in putative, incomplete open reading frames or frame shift mutations. Hence, the authors speculate that this insertion may have occurred long ago in the evolution of garlic. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wise.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 664 EP 669 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800012 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Beek, RM Hammond, J Stommel, JR AF Griesbach, Robert J. Beek, Ronald M. Hammond, John Stommel, John R. TI Gene expression in the star mutation of Petunia x hybrida Vilm. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Myc; Myb; Wd40; anthocyanin; tobacco etch virus ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWER COLOR; PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ANTHOCYANIN GENES; HOMOLOGOUS GENES; BHLH FACTORS; WD-REPEAT; SEED COAT AB Gene silencing is one of the ways in which gene expression is controlled. The authors have developed a model system to study anthocyanin gene silencing using 4 recessive mutation in Petunia Juss. (Star mutation) and the ability of certain viruses to reverse the gene silencing mutation. In healthy plants, the star pattern was enhanced (increase in level of gene silencing) under high temperature or light growing conditions. Virus infection did not significantly influence the star pattern when plants were grown under either low-light or low-temperature conditions. Under high-light and -temperature conditions, virus infection reverses silencing, leading to a change in the star pattern. These changes in the star pattern corresponded to changes in gene expression. Viral infection had a greater affect on regulatory gene (WWO, Myc, and Myb) expression than on structural gene expression (Chs and Ans). C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, BARC-W,Bldg 010-A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.griesbach@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 680 EP 690 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800014 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM AF Beaulieu, John C. Lea, Jeanne M. TI Quality changes in cantaloupe during growth, maturation, and in stored fresh-cut cubes prepared from fruit harvested at various maturities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; firmness; fructose; gas chromatography; GC; glucose; maturity; melon; soluble solids; sucrose; texture; vitamin C ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; HONEY DEW MUSKMELON; CUCUMIS-MELO; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; ACID INVERTASE; VOLATILE; SUGAR; ETHYLENE AB Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naudin) were evaluated during development and then fresh-cut cubes were stored after preparation from various maturities to track quality changes during storage. Flowers were anthesis tagged one morning in two seasons (years) and developing fruit were harvested weekly at 13, 20, 27 to 28, and 34 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA). Mature fruit were harvested at 37 to 38 DAA with five distinct maturities: 1/4-,1/2-,3/4-slip, full-slip (FS), and overripe (OR). Hunter L* and a* color values indicated a change from pale green to light orange that occurred 28 DAA. There were significant decreases in L*, a*, and b* by day 9 in storage (4 degrees C) as fresh-cut cubes. After 28 DAA, sucrose dramatically increased, and this was positively correlated with increases in both total sugars (r = 0.882, P = 0.084) and percent soluble solids concentration (r = 0.939, P = 0.041). Gradual deterioration occurred during storage, as determined by a uniform subjective quality criterion, which was independent of maturity. There was a negative linear trend in hand-held and instrumental firmness over the length of storage for each maturity level, and the slopes decreased significantly with increasing maturity, indicating the effect of storage duration decreased as harvest maturity increased. There was a significant increasing trend in vitamin C (P = 0.042) during development from 12 through 35 DAA, then losses were greater in fresh-cut cubes prepared from full-slip fruit (65%) than less-mature fruit: 3/4-slip, 50%; 1/2-slip, 48%; 1/4-slip, 40%. The pH of mesocarp tissue dropped to the lowest value (5.25) just before physiological maturity at 27 to 28 DAA, then peaked after harvest (6.51-6.79), and declined somewhat by the end of storage as fresh-cut cubes. In sum, muskmelon fruit used to produce fresh-cut cubes should be harvested >= 1/2-slip to attain optimum physiological quality and consumer acceptability. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 5 BP 720 EP 728 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 206JD UT WOS:000249178800019 ER PT J AU Danaher, JJ Tidwell, JH Coyle, SD Dasgupta, S AF Danaher, Jason J. Tidwell, James H. Coyle, Shawn D. Dasgupta, Siddhartha TI Effects of two densities of caged monosex nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on water quality, phytoplankton populations, and production when polycultured with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in temperate ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STOCKING DENSITY; FILTRATION-RATE; PRAWNS; SUBSTRATE; SIZE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; HYBRIDS; ISRAEL AB The effects of different densities of caged Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on water quality, phytoplankton populations, prawn, and total pond production were evaluated in freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, production ponds. The experiment consisted of three treatments with three 0.04-ha replicates each. All ponds were stocked with graded, nursed juvenile prawn (0.9 +/- 0.6 g) at 69,000/ha. Control (CTL) ponds contained only prawns. Low-density polyculture (LDP) ponds also contained two cages (1 m(3); 100 fish/cage) of monosex male tilapia (115.6 +/- 22 g), and high-density polyculture (HDP) ponds had four cages. Total culture period was 106 d for tilapia and 114 d for prawn. Overall mean afternoon pH level was significantly lower (P <= 0.05) in polyculture ponds than in CTL ponds but did not differ (P > 0.05) between LDP and HDP. Phytoplankton biovolume was reduced in polyculture treatments. Tilapia in the LDP treatment had significantly higher (P <= 0.05) harvest weights than in the HDP treatment. Prawn weights were higher (P <= 0.05) in polyculture than prawn monoculture. These data indicate that a caged tilapia/freshwater prawn polyculture system may provide pH control while maximizing pond resources in temperate areas. C1 Univ Virgin Isl, St Croix, VI 00850 USA. Kent State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Danaher, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Agr Expt Stn,RR1 Box 10,000 Kingshill, St Croix, VI 00850 USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 367 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00109.x PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206LE UT WOS:000249184100003 ER PT J AU Bilodeau-Bourgeois, AL Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR AF Bilodeau-Bourgeois, A. Lelania Bosworth, Brian G. Wolters, William R. TI Reductions in susceptibility of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, to enteric septicemia of catfish through two generations of selection SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; GENETIC-VARIATION; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ATLANTIC SALMON; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CORTISOL RESPONSE; FEED CONVERSION; GROWTH; FURUNCULOSIS C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. USDA ARS, Univ Maine, Natl Col Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Bilodeau-Bourgeois, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Unit, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 450 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00117.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206LE UT WOS:000249184100011 ER PT J AU Nicholson, EM Kunkle, RA Hamir, AN Lebepe-Mazur, S Orcutt, D AF Nicholson, Eric M. Kunkle, Robert A. Hamir, Arnir N. Lebepe-Mazur, Semakaleng Orcutt, Dennis TI Detection of the disease-associated isoform of the prion protein in formalin-fixed tissues by Western blot SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE formalin; prion; prion protein (PrP); scrapie; spongiform encephalopathy; transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE); Western blot ID SCRAPIE; BRAIN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; EXTRACTION; DIAGNOSIS; SECTIONS; CATTLE AB Clinical signs of prion disease are not specific and include a variety of differential diagnoses. Serological tests and nucleic acid-based detection methods are not applicable to prion-disease-agent detection because of the unusual nature of the infectious agent. Prion-disease diagnosis is primarily conducted by means of immunodetection of the infectious agent, typically by at least 2 distinct procedures with immunohistochemistry and Western blot being the most informative. These approaches differ in the need for formalin-fixed and frozen or fresh tissue respectively. This work describes a method for the detection of the disease-associated isoform of the prion protein by Western blot using formalin-fixed tissues. The approach requires only minimal modification of existing Western-blot procedures and could readily be incorporated into existing detection schemes for confirmatory purposes when fresh or frozen tissues are unavailable. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM eric.nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 213LD UT WOS:000249667900015 PM 17823401 ER PT J AU Olson, EJ Wunschmann, A Dubey, JP AF Olson, Erik J. Wunschmann, Arno Dubey, J. P. TI Sarcocystis sp-associated meningoencephalitis in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); immunohistochemistry; meningoencephalitis; Sarcocystis sp infection ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; RED-TAILED HAWKS; FALCATULA; NEURONA; ENCEPHALITIS; BIRDS; OPOSSUM; INFECTIONS AB Protozoal meningoencephalitis is uncommon in raptors. An adult female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was euthanized after several months of treatment for progressive neurologic signs. The predominant histologic lesion was lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic meningoencephalitis involving the cerebrum and cerebellum. There was a marked segmental loss of granular cells and Purkinje cells, as well as segmental atrophy of the molecular layer in the cerebellum. Protozoal merozoites and schizonts were observed in the gray matter of the cerebellum. Ultrastructurally, the merozoites were classified as a species of Sarcocystis due to the lack of rhoptries. Immunohistochemistry of the agent revealed a positive reaction for Sarcocystis neurona, while sections were negative for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Sarcocystis sp. infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in bald eagles with chronic neurologic disease. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept vet Populat Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Olson, EJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept vet Populat Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, 1333 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM olso1183@umn.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 564 EP 568 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 213LD UT WOS:000249667900019 PM 17823405 ER PT J AU Walker, TG Chan, DL Freeman, LM Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB AF Walker, Thomas G. Chan, Daniel L. Freeman, Lisa M. Milbury, Paul E. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Serial determination of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dogs with naturally occurring gastric dilatation-volvulus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION; CAPACITY; EXERCISE; NECROSIS AB Objective: To serially determine the biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxiclant status of dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) over 48 hours. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital intensive care unit. Animals: Thirteen client-owned dogs with GDV. Interventions: None. Measurement and main results: For all dogs, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were ascertained. Indicators of oxidative stress measured included F-2 alpha-isoprostanes (isoprostanes) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were measured to assess antioxidant status. Oxidants and antioxidants were measured at the time of admission and at 24 and 48 hours post-admission. There were significant decreases in vitamin E (P = 0.002), vitamin C (P = 0.001), ORAC (P = 0.02), and MDA (P = 0.001) during hospitalization. There was no significant change in GSHPx and isoprostane concentrations over time. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in dogs with GDV change over time. Further studies measuring oxidative stress in more severely affected dogs and performing measurements earlier in the disease process may be beneficial in determining when oxidative stress is most severe during the course of GDV management. C1 Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Freeman, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. EM Lisa.Freeman@Tufts.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1479-3261 J9 J VET EMERG CRIT CAR JI J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.l476-4431.2007.00242.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 207ZX UT WOS:000249290700003 ER PT J AU Robbe-Austerman, S Strohbehn, DR Pence, M Thomson, JU AF Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Strohbehn, Daryl R. Pence, Mel Thomson, John U. TI Teaching veterinary students beef production medicine with student/producer teams SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE food animal; teaching; production medicine; beef; records ID PROGRAM; FUTURE AB Veterinary colleges face difficulties in meeting the demand for rural veterinarians with the scope to practice quality production medicine. Increasing population density around veterinary colleges, retaining the interest of students with a background in animal agriculture, and educating students without a farm background requires that veterinary colleges consider innovative ways to not only teach traditional food-animal practice but give future veterinarians the advanced skills the food industry demands. This article describes a three-year elective program, Beef Records Analysis, in which beef production medicine is taught by teaming a student and a beef producer together early in the student's veterinary education. These producer/student teams complete risk assessments, balance rations, collect financial and production information, and evaluate back-grounding and feedlot enterprises. Students learn how to evaluate their producers using industry benchmarks and past performance records and how to communicate their findings back to their producer. Producers often make management decisions based on the students' findings, and, because the students maintain their relationships with producers for three years, they can assess the outcomes of the producers who follow or ignore their recommendations and interventions. Students share recommendations and outcomes associated with their herd with the entire class. This allows students to learn how to establish best management practices through objective analysis of outcomes of recommended practices of all herds represented in the class. While a formal assessment of the course is needed, the students rate the program very high on evaluations. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Robbe-Austerman, S (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM dr.robbe-austermann@productionmedicine.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.3138/jvme.34.4.524 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 234QV UT WOS:000251179700024 PM 18287483 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Wechter, WP Jordan, R AF Ling, Kai-Shu Wechter, W. Patrick Jordan, Ramon TI Development of a one-step immunocapture real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for the broad spectrum detection of Pepino mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Pepino mosaic virus; potexvirus; tomato; Solanum lycopersicum ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLEX AMPLIDET RNA; GENOMIC RNA; TOMATO; SEQUENCE; ISOLATE; QUALITY; PROTEIN; PEPMV; PERU AB A real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed for efficient detection of genetically diverse Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates. The novel detection system was designed to use a duo-primer system targeting the conserved region in the triple gene block 2 (TGB2) gene with a single conserved TaqMan (TM) probe to broaden its reaction to cover all available PepMV strains. This duo-primer real-time RT-PCR assay was evaluated against US1, US2, Ch1, Ch2 and 25 field isolates collected from six major commercial tomato greenhouse facilities in U.S. and Canada in 2006. Under optimum reaction conditions, sensitivity of the detection was as low as 100 fg of purified viral RNA. This assay was also evaluated for its efficiency in detecting PepMV in various levels of contaminated seed samples. Using immunocapture sample preparation., real-time RT-PCR was able to detect PepMV in one infested seed in 1000. This level of sensitivity indicated that the one-step immunocapture duo-primer TaqMan (TM) real-time RT-PCR developed in the present study could be used for routine seed health assays. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.03.022 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 205UC UT WOS:000249139100009 PM 17499368 ER PT J AU Han, J Liu, G Wang, Y Faaberg, KS AF Han, Jun Liu, Gongping Wang, Yue Faaberg, Kay S. TI Identification of nonessential regions of the nsp2 replicase protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain VR-2332 for replication in cell culture SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MURINE HEPATITIS-VIRUS; N-TERMINAL REGION; ARTERIVIRUS REPLICASE; NORTH-AMERICAN; VIRAL REPLICATION; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; INFECTIOUS CLONE; SERINE-PROTEASE AB The nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a multidomain protein and has been shown to undergo remarkable genetic variation, primarily in its middle region, while exhibiting high conservation in the N-terminal putative protease domain and the C-terminal predicted transmembrane region. A reverse genetics system of PRRSV North American prototype VR-2332 was developed to explore the importance of different regions of nsp2 for viral replication. A series of mutants with in-frame deletions in the nsp2 coding region were engineered, and infectious viruses were subsequently recovered from transfected cells and further characterized. The results demonstrated that the cysteine protease domain (PL2), the PL2 downstream flanking sequence (amino acids [aal 181 to 323), and the putative transmembrane domain were critical for replication. In contrast, the segment of nsp2 preceding the PL2 domain (aa 13 to 35) was dispensable for viral replication, and the nsp2 middle hypervariable region (aa 324 to 813) tolerated 100-aa or 200-aa deletions but could not be removed as a whole; the largest deletion was about 400 aa (nsp2 Delta 324-726). Characterization of the mutants demonstrated that those with small deletions possessed growth kinetics and RNA expression profiles similar to those of the parental virus, while the nsp2 Delta 324726 mutant displayed decreased cytolytic activity on NL4,RC-145 cells and did not develop visible plaques. Finally, the utilization of the genetic flexibility of nsp2 to express foreign genes was examined by inserting the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) in frame into one nsp2 deletion mutant construct. The recombinant virus was viable but impaired and unstable and gradually gained parental growth kinetics by the loss of most of the GFP gene. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov RI Han, Jun/G-2584-2012 OI Han, Jun/0000-0003-1495-3948 NR 40 TC 67 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 81 IS 18 BP 9878 EP 9890 DI 10.1128/JVI.00562-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 208JI UT WOS:000249315200025 PM 17522233 ER PT J AU Belt, KT Hohn, C Gbakima, A Higgins, JA AF Belt, Kenneth T. Hohn, Christina Gbakima, Aiah Higgins, James A. TI Identification of culturable stream water bacteria from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; bacterial identification; freshwater bacteria; stream flora ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; COLILERT-18; COLIFORMS AB Bacteria present in water samples taken on a weekly basis, from June 2004 through June 2005, from three streams, were cultured on coliscan((R)) Easygel((R)) agar plates. Colonies representative of a variety of colors and morphologies were subjected to amplification and sequencing of a 10001100 nt portion of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 528 colonies were sequenced; these categorized into 26 genera and 78 species. Of 175 dark blue/purple colonies presumed to be E. coli, sequence analysis indicated that 45 (25%) were actually other genera. For the urban stream Gwynns Falls Gwynns Run, E. coli was the most common genus/species encountered, followed by Klebsiella and Aeromonas. For Pond Branch, a stream located in a forested watershed, it was Serratia, followed by Yersinia and Aeromonas. For McDonogh (MCDN), a stream associated with Zea mays (corn) row crop agriculture, E. coli was the most frequently isolated genus/species, followed by Aeromonas and Enterobacter. ERIC-PCR genotyping of isolates from the most prevalent genera/species, indicated a high degree of diversity within-stream for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conversely, genotyping of Y. enterocolitica isolates indicated that some were shared between different streams. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. UMBC CUERE BES LTER, USDA, Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.035 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 204EE UT WOS:000249025600007 PM 17878554 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, LF Mckelvey, KS Aubry, KB Copeland, JP Pletscher, DH Hornocker, IG AF Ruggiero, Leonard F. Mckelvey, Kevin S. Aubry, Keith B. Copeland, Jeffrey P. Pletscher, Danniel H. Hornocker, Iniaurice G. TI Wolverine conservation and management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation; federal listing; Gulo gulo; management; North America; wolverine ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CANADA AB This Special Section includes 8 peer-reviewed papers on the wolverine (Gulo gulo) in southern North America. These papers provide new information on current and historical distribution, habitat relations at multiple spatial scales, and interactions with humans. In aggregate, these papers substantially increase our knowledge of wolverine ecology and population dynamics in North America, in many cases replacing previous speculations and informed judgments with empirical information. North American wolverines occur primarily in tundra, taiga, and subalpine environments. These environments become increasingly fragmented at southern latitudes, where wolverine populations occur at low densities and are potentially vulnerable to human-caused mortality. The combination of highly fragmented habitat, demographic sensitivity to adult mortality, and low population densities make local wolverine populations difficult to monitor and easy to overharvest. Where populations are fragmented, persistence is critically dependent on dispersal between habitat islands. Although dispersal dynamics are poorly understood, high levels of genetic structure observed in both current and historical populations indicate that dispersal between mountain ranges is limited. Wolverine biology remains Poorly understood, and many fundamental issues need additional research. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Ruggiero, LF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM lruggiero@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2145 EP 2146 DI 10.2193/2007-217 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100007 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB Mckelvey, KS Copeland, JP AF Aubry, Keith B. Mckelvey, Kevin S. Copeland, Jeffrey P. TI Distribution and broadscale habitat relations of the wolverine in the contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alpine meadows; climate; contiguous United States; distribution; Gulo gulo; habitat; Holdridge life zones; Kuchler potential vegetation; snow cover; wolverine ID NORTH-AMERICAN WOLVERINES; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; CARNIVORES; SURVIVAL AB Conservation of the wolverine (Gulo gulo) at the southern extent of its North American range requires reliable understandings of past and present distribution patterns and broad-scale habitat relations. We compiled 820 verifiable and documented records of wolverine occurrence (specimens, DNA detections, photos, and accounts of wolverines being killed or captured) in the contiguous United States from museums, the literature, and institutional archives. We spatially referenced 729 records with areal precision <= 1 township (93.2 km(2)) and temporal precision <= 10 years. Historical records (1827-1960) were located primarily in the western mountains and Great Lakes region. However, our data suggest that the historical distribution of wolverines in the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada was disjunct, contradicting previous interpretations. Our results indicate that wolverine range in the contiguous United States had contracted substantially by the mid-1900s. Current records (1995-2005) are limited to north-central Washington, northern and central Idaho, western Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, We investigated potential relations between wolverines and alpine vegetation, cold temperatures, and spring snow cover by comparing the distribution of historical wolverine records with Kuchler's potential natural vegetation types, Holdridge's climatic life zones, and EASE snow-cover maps during the latter portion of the wolverine denning period (15 Apr-14 May). In the western mountains, historical wolverine records generally occurred in or near alpine vegetation and climatic conditions, especially at the limits of their distribution in the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, and southern Rocky Mountains. However, the only habitat layer that fully accounted for historical distribution patterns was spring snow cover. Causal factors for the extirpation of wolverines from the southern portions of their range in the contiguous United States are unknown, but are likely related to high levels of human-caused mortality and low to nonexistent immigration rates. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM kaubry@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 11 U2 61 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2147 EP 2158 DI 10.2193/2006-548 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100008 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Aubry, KB Mckelvey, KS Pilgrim, KL Copeland, JP Squires, JR Inman, RM Wisely, SM Ruggiero, LF AF Schwartz, Michael K. Aubry, Keith B. Mckelvey, Kevin S. Pilgrim, Kristine L. Copeland, Jeffrey P. Squires, John R. Inman, Robert M. Wisely, Samantha M. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI Inferring geographic isolation of wolverines in California using historical DNA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE distribution; geographic range; Gulo gulo; historical DNA; management units; microsatellite; mitochondrial DNA; reintroduction; translocations; wolverines ID GULO-GULO POPULATIONS; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; ANCIENT DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MARTES-PENNANTI; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY AB Delineating a species' geographic range using the spatial distribution of museum specimens or even contemporary detection-non-detection data can be difficult. This is particularly true at the periphery of a species range where species' distributions are often disjunct. Wolverines (Gulo gulo) are wide-ranging mammals with discontinuous and potentially isolated populations at the periphery of their range. One potentially disjunct population occurred in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA, and appears to have been extirpated by the 1930s. Many early 20th century naturalists believed that this population was connected to other populations occurring in the Cascade Range of northern California, Oregon, and Washington, USA, but a recent analysis of historical records suggests that California wolverines were isolated from other populations in North America. We used DNA extracted from museum specimens to examine whether California wolverines were isolated. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data indicate that California wolverines were genetically distinct from extant populations, suggesting long-term isolation. We identified 2 new control region (mitochondrial DNA) haplotypes located only within California. We used these data and referenced sequences from the Rocky Mountains, USA, to make inferences regarding potential wolverine translocations into California. In addition, we used these genetic data to make inferences about wolverine conservation throughout western North America. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ennis, MT 59729 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2170 EP 2179 DI 10.2193/2007-026 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100010 ER PT J AU Copeland, JP Peek, JM Groves, CR Melquist, NE Mckelvey, KS Mcdaniel, GW Long, CD Harris, CE AF Copeland, Jeffrey P. Peek, James M. Groves, Craig R. Melquist, Nvayine E. Mckelvey, Kevin S. Mcdaniel, Gregory W. Long, Clinton D. Harris, Charles E. TI Seasonal habitat associations of the wolverine in central Idaho SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE all-possible models; goodness-of-fit; Gulo gulo; habitat; Idaho; logistic regression; selection index; telemetry error; wolverine ID HOME-RANGE; GULO-GULO; SELECTION; ALASKA; ERROR; YUKON AB Although understanding habitat relationships remains fundamental to guiding wildlife management, these basic prerequisites remain vague and largely unstudied for the wolverine. Currently, a study of wolverine ecology conducted in Montana, USA, in the 1970s is the sole source of information on habitat requirements of wolverines in the conterminous United States. The Montana study and studies conducted in Canada and Alaska report varying degrees of seasonal differences in wolverine habitat use. This article provides an empirical assessment of seasonal wolverine habitat use by 15 wolverines (Gulo gulo) radiotracked in central Idaho, USA, in 1992-1996. We controlled for radiotelemetry error by describing the probability of each location being in a habitat cover type, producing a vector of cover type probabilities suited for resource selection analysis within a logistic regression framework. We identified variables that were important to presence of wolverines based on their strength (significance) and consistency (variability in coeff. sign) across all possible logistic regression models containing 9 habitat cover types and 3 topographic variables. We selected seasonal habitat models that incorporated those variables that were strong and consistent, producing a subset of potential models. We then ranked the models in this subset based on Akaike's Information Criterion and goodness-of-fit. Wolverines used modestly higher elevations in summer versus winter, and they shifted use of cover types from whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) in summer to lower elevation Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziezii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) communities in winter. Elevation explained use of habitat better than any other variable in both summer and winter. Grass and shrub habitats and slope also had explanatory power. Wolverines preferred northerly aspects, had no attraction to or avoidance of trails during summer, and avoided roads and ungulate winter range. These findings improve our understanding of wolverine presence by demonstrating the importance of high-elevation subalpine habitats to central Idaho wolverines. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Wolverine Fdn Inc, Kuna, ID 83634 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Copeland, JP (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jpcopeland@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2201 EP 2212 DI 10.2193/2006-559 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100013 ER PT J AU Squires, JR Copeland, J Ulizio, TJ Schnvartz, IK Ruggiero, LF AF Squires, John R. Copeland, Jeffreyp. Ulizio, Todd J. Schnvartz, Imichael K. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI Sources and patterns of wolverine mortality in western Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gulo gulo; harvest management; known-fate modeling; Montana; mortality; Program MARK; survival rates; trapping; wolverine ID NORTH-AMERICAN WOLVERINES; GULO-GULO; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INFORMATION-THEORY; ET-AL; SURVIVAL; RELIABILITY; PROGRAM; SAMPLES AB We instrumented 36 wolverines (Gate gulo) on 2 study areas in western Montana and one study area on the Idaho-Montana (USA) border: 14 (9 M, 5 F) on the Pioneer study area, 19 (11 M, 8 F) on the Glacier study area, and 3 (2 M, 1 F) on the Clearwater study area. During 2002-2005, harvest from licensed trapping accounted for 9 (6 M, 3 F) of 14 mortalities, including individuals from all 3 study, areas. Based on Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample sizes (AIC(c)) rankings of 8 a priori models, a trapping model and a trapping-sex interaction model were equally supported (Delta AIC(c) < 2) in explaining wolverine survival. Estimated annual survival was 0.80 when we did not consider harvest, whereas additive mortality from harvest reduced annual survival to 0.57. Glacier National Park in the Glacier study area provided some refuge as evidenced by an annual survival rate of 0.77 compared to 0.51 for the Pioneer Mountain study area. We incorporated these survival rates into a simple Lefkovitch stage-based model to examine rates of population change. The finite rate of population change (?,) for the Glacier study area was 1.1, indicating a stable to slightly increasing population, whereas, for the Pioneer study area was 0.7, indicating a 30% annual population decrease during our study. Changes in, for both study areas were most sensitive to adult survival. In 2004, we used a Lincoln Index to estimate that 12.8 +/- 2.9 (95% CI) wolverines resided in the 4 mountain ranges comprising the Pioneer study area, suggesting that small, island ranges in western Montana supported few individuals. Our results suggest that if wolverines are harvested, they should be managed within individual mountain ranges or small groupings of mountain ranges to limit mortality to within biologically defined limits in recognition of the increased vulnerabilities owing to low fecundity and low population numbers in small mountain ranges. We found that refugia, such as Glacier National Park, were important by reducing trap mortality and providing immigrants to the surrounding population, but even large parks were inadequate to provide complete protection to wolverines from trapping as they ranged outside park borders. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jsquires@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2213 EP 2220 DI 10.2193/2007-053 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100014 ER PT J AU Salafsky, SR Reynolds, RT Noon, BR Wiens, JA AF Salafsky, Susan R. Reynolds, Richard T. Noon, Barry R. Wiens, John A. TI Reproductive responses of northern goshawks to variable prey populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; Arizona; distance sampling; habitat; northern goshawk; predator-prey relationships; prey abundance; red squirrel; reproduction ID ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; GROWTH AB Developing comprehensive conservation strategies requires knowledge of factors influencing population growth and persistence. Although variable prey resources are often associated with fluctuations in raptor demographic parameters, the mechanisms of food limitation are poorly understood, especially for a generalist predator like the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). To determine the reproductive responses of goshawks to variable prey populations, we evaluated 823 goshawk breeding opportunities on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, USA, during 1994-2002. Concurrently, density was estimated for 4 prey species (2 avian, 2 mammalian). We explored the relationship between goshawk reproduction and prey density at one temporal scale (year) and 2 spatial scales (study area, forest type). Prey density for all 4 species combined accounted for 89% of the variation in goshawk reproduction within the entire study area (P < 0.001), 74% in mixed conifer forest (P = 0.003) and 85 % in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest (P < 0.001). We found that an incremental increase in prey density resulted in a greater increase in goshawk reproduction in ponderosa pine forest than in mixed conifer forest, suggesting that the denser structural conditions of mixed conifer forest may have reduced prey availability. Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) density explained more annual variation in goshawk reproduction within the study area (r(2) = 0.87, P < 0.001), mixed conifer forest (r(2) = 0.80, P = 0.001), and ponderosa pine forest (r(2) = 0.85, P < 0.001) than did any other individual species. Although certain prey species were more strongly correlated with fluctuations in goshawk reproduction than were others, the high model selection uncertainty and the strong relationship between total prey density and number of goshawk fledglings produced indicated that alternate prey species were readily substituted for one another. Therefore, conservation strategies concerned with the status of goshawk populations should incorporate forest management practices that increase the abundance, diversity, and availability of prey resources. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Salafsky, SR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ssalafsky@fs.fed.us RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2274 EP 2283 DI 10.2193/2006-357 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100021 ER PT J AU Okeson, DM Garner, MM Taus, NS Li, H Coke, RL AF Okeson, Danelle M. Garner, Michael M. Taus, Naomi S. Li, Hong Coke, Rob L. TI Ibex-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a bongo antelope (Tragelaphus euryceros) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE bongo; Capra nubiana; malignant catarrhal fever; Nubian ibex; Tragelaphus euryceros ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; VIRUS GROUP; SIKA-DEER; SHEEP; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; WILDEBEEST AB A 4-yr-old male bongo antelope (Tragelaphus euryceros) died after an acute clinical course involving a febrile illness, anorexia, lethargy, minor oculonasal discharge, and diarrhea. Histologic lesions were compatible with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed an amplified region of a herpesviral DNA polymerase gene sequence nearly identical to that of a MCF virus previously identified in Nubian ibex (Capra nabiana). The bongo had been housed across from an exhibit containing Nubian ibex that tested positive for MCF viral antibodies by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further testing of the zoo's ibex via PCR also revealed viral DNA sequences nearly identical to those found in the bongo's tissues. C1 San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. NW ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okeson, DM (reprint author), San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N St Marys St, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. EM asczoovet@sazoo-aq.org NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1638/06-046.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 210LC UT WOS:000249456700012 PM 17939356 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Schrecengost, J Ray, HS Miller, KV AF Miller, Debra Lee Schrecengost, Joshua Ray, H. Scott Miller, Karl V. TI Ruptured aortic aneurysm in a coyote (Canis latrans) from South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aneurysm; canis latrans; coyote; dirofilaria immitis; heartworm AB A radio-collared adult female coyote (Canis latrans) from South Carolina was found dead with no apparent signs of trauma or struggle. Necropsy revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm within the thoracic cavity as well as severe heartworm infection, with parasites present in the caudal vena cava. Histologically, inflammatory cell infiltrates were frequent in the aneurysm and consisted of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Bacteria, fungi, and parasites were not found in the aneurysm. Death was due to exsanguination. This represents a first report of an aneurysm in a coyote. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM millerdl@uga.edu OI Miller, Debra/0000-0002-8544-174X NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 492 EP 494 DI 10.1638/2007-0002.1 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 210LC UT WOS:000249456700019 PM 17939363 ER PT J AU Gipson, C AF Gipson, Chester TI A word from USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, AC, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Gipson, C (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 36 IS 8 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 207EE UT WOS:000249233600004 PM 17450161 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, Richard J. TI Facile biphasic deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones with aqueous hydrochloric acid SO LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aldehyde dimethylhydrazone; deprotection; biphasic; hydrochloric acid AB Deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones was accomplished by stirring a biphasic mixture of the aldehyde dimethylhydrazone, 1M hydrochloric acid, and petroleum ether at room temperature for three to seven hours. The method works with alpha,beta-unsaturated- and diene-aldehyde dimethylhydrazones, which are often difficult compounds to deprotect. Isolated yields ranged from 85% to 97%. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit,REE, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit,REE, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Petroski@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1786 J9 LETT ORG CHEM JI Lett. Org. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 6 BP 452 EP 455 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 216GR UT WOS:000249867000015 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL AF Koohmaraie, M. Arthur, T. M. Bosilevac, J. M. Brichta-Harhay, D. M. Kalchayanand, N. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. TI Interventions to reduce/eliminate Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology CY AUG 05-10, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli; Salmonella; interventions; test-and-hold ID PROCESSING PLANT; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; PREVALENCE; CATTLE; HIDES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CARCASSES AB The Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) outbreak in the Northwestern United States ushered in an era that has dramatically changed the way beef processors in the United States convert live cattle into meat. Unprecedented cooperation among the beef processors and massive investment in research by the US government and the beef industry have resulted in an acceptable level of control of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef. The evidence to support the progress in control of E. coli O157:H7 is the CDC data for reduction in human illness as well as the dramatic reduction in the number of E coli O157:H7-positive samples in USDA-FSIS ground beef monitoring. This manuscript highlights some of the recent findings from our laboratory on the control of E coli O15TH7 in ground beef. We have also summarized the key events/decisions/milestones that have contributed to the control of E coli O157:H7 in ground beef in the United States. While there is much to be done to bring E coli O157:H7 under complete control in the beef sector of the food industry, E coli O157:H7 also is becoming a major issue in the fresh vegetable sector, as evidenced by the 2006 outbreaks in the United States. We have discussed how the fresh vegetable industry can benefit from the beef industry's experience to expedite the control of E coli O157:H7 in their products. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18-D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Mohammad.Koohmaraie@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.04.004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 194SZ UT WOS:000248365400011 PM 22061399 ER PT J AU Alonso, AP Raymond, P Hernould, M Rondeau-Mouro, C de Graaf, A Chourey, P Lahaye, M Shachar-Hill, Y Rolin, D Dieuaide-Noubhani, M AF Alonso, Ana Paula Raymond, Philippe Hernould, Michel Rondeau-Mouro, Corinne de Graaf, Albert Chourey, Prem Lahaye, Marc Shachar-Hill, Yair Rolin, Dominique Dieuaide-Noubhani, Martine TI A metabolic flux analysis to study the role of sucrose synthase in the regulation of the carbon partitioning in central metabolism in maize root tips SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sucrose synthase; metabolic flux analysis; cell wall; maize root; isotopic labeling; NMR ID BIDIRECTIONAL REACTION STEPS; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; LABELING EXPERIMENTS; STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; POTATO-TUBERS; SINK STRENGTH; STEADY-STATE; ACID CYCLE AB In order to understand the role of sucrose synthase ( SuSy) in carbon partitioning, metabolic fluxes were analyzed in maize root tips of a double mutant of SuSy genes, sh1 sus1 and the corresponding wild type, W22. [U-C-14]-glucose pulse labeling experiments permitted the quanti. cation of unidirectional fluxes into sucrose, starch and cell wall polysaccharides. Isotopic steady-state labeling with [1-C-13]-, [2-C-13]- or [U-C-13]-glucose followed by the quanti. cation by H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR of enrichments in carbohydrates and amino acids was also performed to determine 29 fluxes through central metabolism using computer-aided modeling. As a consequence of the suppression of SUS1 and SH1 isozymes, maize root tips diameter was significantly decreased and respiratory metabolism reduced by 30%. Our result clearly established that, in maize root tips, starch is produced from ADP-Glc synthesized in the plastid and not in the cytosol by sucrose synthase. Unexpectedly, the flux of cell wall synthesis was increased in the double mutant. This observation indicates that, in maize root tips, SH1 and SUS1 are not specific providers for cellulose biosynthesis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Alonso, Ana Paula; Raymond, Philippe; Hernould, Michel; Rolin, Dominique; Dieuaide-Noubhani, Martine] Univ Bordeaux 1, INRA, Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, UMR 619 Biol Fruit, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. [Rondeau-Mouro, Corinne; Lahaye, Marc] INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymeres Interact Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes 03, France. [de Graaf, Albert] Maastricht Univ, Dept Surg, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [Chourey, Prem] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chourey, Prem] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shachar-Hill, Yair] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dieuaide-Noubhani, M (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, INRA, Univ Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, UMR 619 Biol Fruit, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM dieuaide@bordeaux.inra.fr RI LAHAYE, Marc/C-6324-2009; Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; OI LAHAYE, Marc/0000-0002-7752-4158; Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; de Graaf, Albert/0000-0002-1067-3570; RONDEAU-MOURO, Corinne/0000-0002-8573-1050 NR 62 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7176 J9 METAB ENG JI Metab. Eng. PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5-6 BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.ymben.2007.06.002 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 267CF UT WOS:000253485400003 PM 17869563 ER PT J AU Douris, A Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson, CR AF Douris, Aphrodite Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Jackson, Charlene R. TI Detection of Plasmids and class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serovar agona isolated from NARMS slaughter samples collected in the years 1997-2003 SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CARCASSES; PRODUCTS; SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; REGIONS; HUMANS; GENES AB A total of 60 Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolates (25 pan-susceptible isolates and 35 isolates resistant to five or more antimicrobials) submitted to the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2003 were examined for plasmids and class 1 integrons. Samples originated from cattle, turkey, chicken, and swine presented at federally inspected slaughter and processing plants. Large plasmids (33-291 kb) were present in 83% of the isolates resistant to five or more antimicrobials; however, 16% of the pan-susceptible isolates also had large plasmids. The presence of large plasmids did not correspond to the isolate source or the year the isolate was recovered but did appear to correspond to XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Two sizes of large plasmids appeared most often: 145.4 kb and 97 kb. Class 1 integrons were not detected on plasmids but were detected on the chromosome of 8% (2/25) of the pan-susceptible isolates and 49% (17/35) of the isolates with multiple drug resistance. Expression of multiple drug resistance among S. Agona isolates occurred regardless of the presence of class I integrons, suggesting that plasmids play an equally important role in the development of resistant S. Agona. More research is needed to understand better the mechanisms by which S. Agona acquires, harbors, and transfers resistance determinants. C1 USDA ARS, BEAR RRC, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Douris, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, BEAR RRC, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1089/mdr.2007.752 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 224TX UT WOS:000250470500010 PM 17949309 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Hu, XJ Lohrke, SM Baker, CJ Buyer, JS de Souza, JT Roberts, DP AF Liu, Shengyi Hu, Xiaojia Lohrke, Scott M. Baker, C. Jaycn Buyer, Jeffrey S. de Souza, Jorge T. Roberts, Daniel P. TI Role of sdhA and pfkA and catabolism of reduced carbon during colonization of cucumber roots by Enterobacter cloacae SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; DAMPING-OFF; GROWTH-KINETICS AB We have been using a mutational approach to determine how plant-beneficial bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae 501R3 obtain carbon and energy for colonization of subterranean portions of cucumber and other plants. Reduced carbon detected in cucumber root exudate consisted of 73.3% amino acids, 22.2% organic acids and 4.4% carbohydrate. Ent. cloacae M2, a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3, was severely reduced in in vitro growth relative to strain 501R3 on the mixture of amino acids and organic acids detected in cucumber root exudate when these compounds were supplied as the sole source of carbon and energy, but was similar in growth on the mixture of carbohydrates detected in this exudate. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Ent cloacae M2 indicated that the transposon was inserted in sdhA, which encodes a subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. Ent. cloacae A-11, a mutant of strain 501R3 with a mini-Tn5 Km insertion in pfkA, was severely reduced in in vitro growth relative to strain 501R3 on the mixture of carbohydrates detected in cucumber root exudate, but similar in growth on the mixture of amino acids and organic acids. When strains A-11 and M2 were coapplied with strain 501R3 to cucumber seeds above carrying capacity in competitive root colonization assays, populations of strains A-11 and M2 were roughly one order of magnitude lower than those of strain 501R3 in cucumber rhizosphere, while populations of strains A-11 and M2 were similar to one other when coapplied to cucumber seeds. When Ent cloacae strains were coapplied to cucumber seeds below carrying capacity, populations of A-11 and M2 were roughly two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of 501R3 in cucumber rhizosphere, and populations of A-11 were significantly lower than those of M2 when these two strains were coapplied to cucumber seed. The experiments reported here indicate an important role for pfkA and sdhA and the catabolism of carbohydrates, and of amino acids and organic acids, respectively, in the colonization of cucumber roots by Ent. cloacae. The results reported here also indicate that catabolism of carbohydrates by this bacterium is more important than catabolism of amino acids and organic acids at lower population densities, despite the much higher relative quantities of amino acids and organic acids detected in cucumber root exudate. C1 USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Agr Res Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China. USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, CCAAB, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Agr Res Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2007 VL 153 BP 3196 EP 3209 DI 10.1099/mic.0.2006/005538-0 PN 9 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 218KC UT WOS:000250013400037 PM 17768262 ER PT J AU Liston, A Parker-Defeniks, M Syring, JV Willyard, A Cronn, R AF Liston, Aaron Parker-Defeniks, Mariah Syring, John V. Willyard, Ann Cronn, Richard TI Interspecific phylogenetic analysis enhances intraspecific phylogeographical inference: a case study in Pinus lambertiana SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast introgression; Cronartium ribicola; phylogeography; Pinus lambertiana; Pinus subsect; Strobus; white pine blister rust resistance ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; SUGAR PINE; WHITE-PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; BLISTER RUST; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; PONDEROSA PINE; GENE FLOW; MITOCHONDRIAL; SEQUENCES AB Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) is an economically and ecologically important conifer with a 1600-km latitudinal range extending from Oregon, USA, to northern Baja California, Mexico. Like all North American white pines (subsect. Strobus), sugar pine is highly susceptible to white pine blister rust, a disease caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola. We conducted a chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) survey of Pinus subsect. Strobus with comprehensive geographical sampling of P. lambertiana. Sequence analysis of 12 sugar pine individuals revealed strong geographical differentiation for two chloroplast haplotypes. A diagnostic restriction site survey of an additional 72 individuals demarcated a narrow 150-km contact zone in northeastern California. In the contact zone, maternal (megagametophtye) and paternal (embryo) haplotypes were identified in 31 single seeds, demonstrating bidirectional pollen flow extending beyond the range of maternal haplotypes. The frequencies of the Cr1 allele for white pine blister rust major gene resistance, previously determined for 41 seed zones, differ significantly among seed zones that are fixed for the alternate haplotypes, or contain a mixture of both haplotypes. Interspecific phylogenetic analysis reveals that the northern sugar pine haplotype belongs to a clade that includes Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) and all of the East Asian white pines. Furthermore, there is little cpDNA divergence between northern sugar pine and whitebark pine (dS = 0.00058). These results are consistent with a Pleistocene migration of whitebark pine into North America and subsequent chloroplast introgression from whitebark pine to sugar pine. This study demonstrates the importance of placing phylogeographical results in a broader phylogenetic context. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Billings, MT 59101 USA. RP Liston, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM listona@science.oregonstate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 NR 64 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3926 EP 3937 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03461.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 210CD UT WOS:000249433400015 PM 17850554 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Higley, M Matthews, SM Rhodes, OE Schwartz, MK Barrett, RH Palsboll, PJ AF Jordan, Mark J. Higley, Mark Matthews, Sean M. Rhodes, Olin E. Schwartz, Michael K. Barrett, Reginald H. Palsboll, Per J. TI Development of 22 new microsatellite loci for fishers (Martes pennanti) with variability results from across their range SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE fisher; Martes pennanti; microsatellite AB We developed 22 new microsatellite loci for the fisher (Martes pennanti), a North American mesocarnivore. The loci were developed with samples from the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, and were screened with samples from this population and four other populations. We observed a range of six to 21 polymorphic loci per population, with the Sierra Nevada population exhibiting markedly lower levels of variation compared to the other four. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hoopa Tribal Forestry, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. Wildlife Conservat Society, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Jordan, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjordan@nature.berkeley.edu RI Palsboll, Per /G-6988-2011; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Palsboll, Per /0000-0002-4198-7599; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01708.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206OO UT WOS:000249193000016 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Nakamura, K AF Meerow, Alan W. Nakamura, Kyoko TI Ten microsatellite loci from Zamia integrifolia (Zamiaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE coontie; cycad; microsatellite; population genetics; simple sequence repeat; Zamia AB Ten microsatellite loci isolated from Zamia integrifolia are described. All 10 are polymorphic, with three to 10 alleles across 36 members of a single population from South Florida. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.139 to 0.889. Two loci depart significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and exhibit heterozygote deficiency. One locus pair exhibits significant linkage disequilibrium. The primers have also successfully amplified loci from Zamia portoricensis and Zamia ambliphyllidia. These loci will be utilized for population studies in the Caribbean Zamia pumila complex. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM ameerow@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 824 EP 826 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01716.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206OO UT WOS:000249193000024 ER PT J AU Seiferlein, M Humpf, HU Voss, KA Sullards, MC Allegood, JC Wang, E Merrill, AH AF Seiferlein, Michaela Humpf, Hans-Ulrich Voss, Kenneth A. Sullards, M. Cameron Allegood, Jeremy C. Wang, Elaine Merrill, Alfred H., Jr. TI Hydrolyzed fumonisins HFB1 and HFB2 are acylated in vitro and in vivo by ceramide synthase to form cytotoxic N-acyl-metabolites SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ceramide synthase; cytotoxic; HPLC-MS; hydrolyzed fumonisins; N-acyl-metabolites ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; FAMILY-MEMBERS; B6C3F(1) MICE; B-1; TOXICITY; RATS; CORN AB Fumonisins B-1 and B-2 (FB1 and FB2) are the most abundant members of the fumonisins-mycotoxins that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides and are natural inhibitors of ceramide synthase. Their hydrolyzed forms, HFB1 and HFB2 (also called AP(1) and AP(2)) are found in some foods, and they are not only inhibitors of ceramide synthase but also undergo acylation by this enzyme. This study characterized the conversion of HFB1 and HFB2 by ceramide synthase to their respective N-acylated metabolites using rat liver microsomes and palmitoyl-CoA or nervonoyl-CoA as cosubstrates, and examined animals that had been dosed with hydrolyzed fumonisins to ascertain if acylation occurs in vivo. Using an HPLC-MS/MS method that allowed the sensitive and selective detection of the acylation products, both HFB1 and HFB2 were found to be metabolized in vitro to nervonoyl- or palmitoyl-HFB1 and -HFB2 (i.e. C-24:1-HFB1/2 and C-16-HFB1/2, respectively). The apparent v(max) was considerably higher for formation of C24:1HFB1 (157pmol/min/mg protein) than for formation of C16HFB1 (8.7 pmol/min/mg protein). The acylation products also inhibited ceramide synthase and significantly reduced the number of viable cells in an in vitro [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)] assay using a human colonic cell line (HT29). Furthermore, HPLC-MS/MS analysis of tissues from rats given intraperitoneal doses of HFB1 confirmed that formation of N-acyl-HFB1 occurs in vivo to produce metabolites with fatty acids of various chain lengths. The contribution of acylated HFB1 and HFB2 metabolites to fumonisin toxicity in vivo warrants further investigation. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Food Chem, D-4400 Munster, Germany. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Merrill, AH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, 315 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM al.merrill@biology-gatech.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM076217] NR 42 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1120 EP 1130 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200700118 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 217YN UT WOS:000249983300012 PM 17729221 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Meerow, AW Kuhn, DN Whitlock, BA Schnell, RJ AF Borrone, James W. Meerow, Alan W. Kuhn, David N. Whitlock, Barbara A. Schnell, Raymond J. TI The potential of the WRKY gene family for phylogenetic reconstruction: An example from the Malvaceae SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE WRKY gene family; phylogeny; Theobroma; Herrania; low copy nuclear genes; Byttnerioideae ID WIDE COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS; NONCODING DNA-SEQUENCES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; THEOBROMA-CACAO; SEED SIZE; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; PLANTS; INCONGRUENCE AB The WRKY gene family of transcription factors is involved in several diverse pathways and includes components of plant-specific, ancient regulatory networks. WRKY genes contain one or two highly conserved DNA binding domains interrupted by an intron. We used partial sequences of five independent WRKY loci to assess their potential for phylogeny reconstruction. Loci were originally isolated from Theobroma cacao L. by PCR with a single pair of degenerate primers; loci-specific primers were subsequently designed. We tested those loci across the sister genera Herrania Goudot and Theobroma L., with Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. as the outgroup. Overall, the combined WRKY matrices performed as well or better than other genes in resolving the intrageneric phylogeny of Herrania and Theobroina. The ease of isolating numerous, independent WRKY loci from diverse plant species with a single pair of degenerate primers designed to the highly conserved WRKY domain, renders them extremely useful tools for generating multiple, single or low copy nuclear loci for molecular phylogenetic studies at lower taxonomic levels. This is the first demonstration of the potential for members of the WRKY gene family for phylogenetic reconstruction. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Cox Sci Ctr 29, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM ameerow@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1154 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.012 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 215YR UT WOS:000249845400015 PM 17681475 ER PT J AU Boykin, LM Shatters, RG Rosell, RC McKenzie, CL Bagnall, RA De Barro, P Frohlich, DR AF Boykin, Laura M. Shatters, Robert G., Jr. Rosell, Rosemarie C. McKenzie, Cindy L. Bagnall, Ruth Ann De Barro, Paul Frohlich, Donald R. TI Global relationships of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) revealed using Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA sequences SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; whitefly; COI; Bayesian phylogenetics; biotype Q; biotype B ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LEAF CURL VIRUS; B-BIOTYPE; GENNADIUS HEMIPTERA; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VECTOR POPULATIONS; RAPD-PCR; CASSAVA; MARKERS AB Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a species complex that is one of the most devastating agricultural pests worldwide and affects a broad range of food, fiber and ornamental crops. Unfortunately, using parsimony and neighbor joining methods, global phylogenetic relationships of the major races/biotypes of B. tabaci remain unresolved. Aside from the limitations of these methods, phylogenetic analyses have been limited to only small subsets of the global collection of B. tabaci, and thus limited taxon sampling has confounded the analyses. To improve our understanding of global B. tabaci phylogenetic relationships, a Bayesian phylogenetic technique was utilized to elucidate the relationships among all COI DNA sequence data available in GenBank for B. tabaci worldwide (366 specimens). As a result. the first well-resolved phylogeny for the B. tabaci species complex was produced showing 12 major well-resolved (0.70 posterior probability or above) genetic groups: B. tabaci (Mediterranean/Asia Minor/Africa), B. tabaci (Mediterranean), B. tabaci (Indian Ocean), B. tabaci (sub-Saharan Africa silverleafing), B. tabaci (Asia 1), B. tabaci (Australia), B. tabaci (China), B. tabaci (Asia 11), B. tabaci (Italy), B. tabaci (New World), B. tabaci (sub-Saharan Africa non-silverleafing) and B. tabaci (Uganda sweet potato). Further analysis of this phylogeny shows a close relationship of the New World B. tabaci with Asian biotypes, and characteristics of the major sub-Saharan Africa non-silverleafing clade strongly supports an African origin of B. tabaci due to its position at the base of the global phylogeny. and the diversity of well-resolved sub-clades within this group. Bayesian re-analyses of B. tabaci ITS, COI, and a combined dataset from a previous study resulted in seven major well-resolved races with high posterior probabilities, also showing the utility of the Bayesian method. Relationships of the 12 major B. tabaci genetic groups are discussed herein. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77006 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Boykin, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM laura.bovkin@ars.usda.gov RI De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 74 TC 196 Z9 231 U1 1 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.ympev2007.04.020 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 215YR UT WOS:000249845400027 PM 17627853 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Jahn, CE Gibson, DL Charkowski, AO AF Barak, Jeri D. Jahn, Courtney E. Gibson, Deanna L. Charkowski, Amy O. TI The role of cellulose and O-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by Salmonella enterica SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE curli; GGDEF; lipopolysaccharide ID CHICKEN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; THIN AGGREGATIVE FIMBRIAE; BIOFILM FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALFALFA SPROUTS; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; DI-GMP; OUTBREAK; ENTERITIDIS; SURVIVAL AB Numerous salmonellosis outbreaks have been associated with vegetables, in particular sprouted seed. Thin aggregative fimbriae (Tafi), a component of the extracellular matrix responsible for multicellular behavior, are important for Salmonella enterica attachment and colonization of plants. Here, we demonstrate that the other surface polymers composing the extracellular matrix, cellulose, and O-antigen capsule also play a role in colonization of plants. Mutations in bacterial cellulose synthesis (bcsA) and O-antigen capsule assembly and translocation (yihO) reduced the ability to attach to and colonize alfalfa sprouts. A colanic acid mutant was unaffected in plant attachment or colonization. Tafi, cellulose synthesis, and O-antigen capsule, all of which contribute to attachment and colonization of plants, are regulated by AgfD, suggesting that AgfD is a key regulator for survival outside of hosts of Salmonella spp. The cellulose biosynthesis regulator adrA mutant was not affected in the ability to attach to or colonize plants; however, promoter probe assays revealed expression by cells attached to alfalfa sprouts. Furthermore, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed differential expression of agfD and adrA between planktonic and plant-attached cells. In addition, there was no correlation among mutants between biofilm formation in culture and attachment to plants. Outside of animal hosts, S. enterica appears to rely on an arsenal of adhesins to persist on plants, which can act as vectors and perpetuate public health concerns. C1 [Barak, Jeri D.] USDA, ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jahn, Courtney E.; Charkowski, Amy O.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Russell Labs Rm 682, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gibson, Deanna L.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gibson, Deanna L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Paediat, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jbarak@pw.usda.gov NR 39 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1083 EP 1091 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-9-1083 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 273SA UT WOS:000253950800008 PM 17849711 ER PT J AU Owens, RA AF Owens, Robert A. TI Potato spindle tuber viroid: The simplicity paradox resolved? SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; LONG-DISTANCE; INFECTED TOMATO; NUCLEIC-ACID; IN-VIVO; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PHLOEM PROTEIN AB Taxonomy: Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is the type species of the genus Posipiviroid, family Pospiviroidae. An absence of hammerhead ribozymes and the presence of a 'central conserved region' distinguish PSTVd and related viroids from members of a second viroid family, the Avsunviroidae. Physical properties: Viroids are small, unencapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules which replicate autonomously when inoculated into host plants. Because viroids are non-protein-coding RNAs, designation of the more abundant, highly infectious polarity strand as the positive strand is arbitrary. PSTVd assumes a rod-like, highly structured conformation that is resistant to nuclease degradation in vitro. Naturally occurring sequence variants of PSTVd range in size from 356 to 361 nt. Hosts and symptoms: The natural host range of PSTVd-cultivated potato, certain other Solanum spp., and avocado-appears to be quite limited. Foliar symptoms in potato are often obscure, and the severity of tuber symptoms (elongation with the appearance of prominent bud scales/eyebrows and growth cracks) depends on both temperature and length of infection. PSTVd has a broad experimental host range, especially among solanaceous species, and strains are classified as mild, intermediate or severe based upon the symptoms observed in sensitive tomato cultivars. These symptoms include shortening of internodes, petioles and mid-ribs, severe epinasty and wrinkling of the leaves, and necrosis of mid-ribs, petioles and stems. replication, viroids can be regarded as 'obligate parasites of the cell's transcriptional machinery'. Prior to the discovery of PSTVd, many biologists believed that autonomous replication of a pathogen required a minimum genome size of at least 1 x 101 Da, a value derived from the genome size of the smallest RNA bacteriophage. The significance of viroids for molecular biology was first summarized by Diener nearly 20 years ago as a series of questions: 1 What are the molecular signals that induce certain host DNA-dependent RNA polymerases to accept viroids as templates for the synthesis of complementary RNAs? 2 Are the molecular mechanisms responsible for viroid replication operative in uninfected cells? If so, what are their functions? 3 How do viroids induce disease? In the absence of viroid-specified proteins, disease must arise from the direct interaction of host cell constituents with either viroids themselves or viroid-derived RNAs. 4 What determines viroid host range? In the broadest terms, are viroids restricted to higher plants? Do they have counterparts in animals? Over the succeeding years, much has been learned about the molecular biology of PSTVd and its interaction with host plants; nevertheless, the precise nature of the molecular signals that allow PSTVd to replicate autonomously and induce disease remains elusive. Additional information about PSTVd biology and molecular biology can be found in a recent monograph on viroids (Hadidi etaL, 2003) as well as several more specialized reviews (e.g. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.a.owens@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 5 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00418.X PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 206CF UT WOS:000249160800002 PM 20507521 ER PT J AU Scott, S AF Scott, Sara TI Boorntown saloons - Archaelogy and history in virginia city SO MONTANA-THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Forest Serv, Helena, MT USA. RP Scott, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Helena, MT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MONTANA HISTORICAL SOC PI HELENA PA 225 N ROBERTS ST, HELENA, MT 59601 USA SN 0026-9891 J9 MONTANA JI Mont.-Mag. West. Hist. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC History SC History GA 226AO UT WOS:000250559800017 ER PT J AU Prante, T Thacher, JA Mccollum, DW Berrens, RP AF Prante, Tyler Thacher, Jennifer A. Mccollum, Daniel W. Berrens, Robert P. TI Building social capital in forest communities: Analysis of New Mexico's Collaborative Forest Restoration Program SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; REVEALED PREFERENCES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY; POLICY; PHILIPPINES; ENVIRONMENT; DECISIONS; BEHAVIOR AB In part because of its emphasis on building social capital, the Collaborative Forest Restoration Program (CFRP) in New Mexico represents a unique experiment in public lands management. This study uses logit probability modeling to investigate what factors del-ermined CFRP funding, which totaled $26 million between 2001 and 2006. Results reveal program preferences for projects that encourage collaboration and improve forest health, especially in poor counties. Negative determinants of funding include measures of small-diameter material utilization and whether a project takes place across multiple land jurisdictions. There is no evidence of bias toward funding any particular applicant type or land jurisdiction. C1 [Prante, Tyler] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Ellensburg, WA USA. [Thacher, Jennifer A.; Berrens, Robert P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mccollum, Daniel W.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Prante, T (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Econ, Ellensburg, WA USA. RI Thacher, Jennifer /F-5035-2012 NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW PI ALBUQUERQUE PA MSC11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 4 BP 867 EP 915 PG 49 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 306DS UT WOS:000256229100006 ER PT J AU Buckler, E Gore, M AF Buckler, Edward Gore, Michael TI An Arabidopsis haplotype map takes root SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; THALIANA; GENOME; RECOMBINATION; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; MAIZE AB The report of a haplotype map for the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana has uncovered numerous major- effect polymorphisms and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay. This work lays the foundation for genome- wide association studies at near- gene- level resolution in a model organism possessing substantial functional diversity and extensive community resources. C1 USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buckler, E (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1057 DI 10.1038/ng0907-1056 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 205OA UT WOS:000249122400006 PM 17728772 ER PT J AU Magalhaes, JV Liu, J Guimaraes, CT Lana, UGP Alves, VMC Wang, YH Schaffert, RE Hoekenga, OA Pineros, MA Shaff, JE Klein, PE Carneiro, NP Coelho, CM Trick, HN Kochian, LV AF Magalhaes, Jurandir V. Liu, Jiping Guimaraes, Claudia T. Lana, Ubiraci G. P. Alves, Vera M. C. Wang, Yi-Hong Schaffert, Robert E. Hoekenga, Owen A. Pineros, Miguel A. Shaff, Jon E. Klein, Patricia E. Carneiro, Newton P. Coelho, Cintia M. Trick, Harold N. Kochian, Leon V. TI A gene in the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family confers aluminum tolerance in sorghum SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MALATE TRANSPORTER; EFFLUX; ARABIDOPSIS; PROMOTER; CITRATE; MEMBER; PLANTS; ROOTS; MAIZE; L. AB Crop yields are significantly reduced by aluminum toxicity on highly acidic soils, which comprise up to 50% of the world's arable land(1-3). Candidate aluminum tolerance proteins include organic acid efflux transporters, with the organic acids forming non- toxic complexes with rhizosphere aluminum(1,4). In this study, we used positional cloning to identify the gene encoding a member of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion ( MATE) family, an aluminum- activated citrate transporter, as responsible for the major sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) aluminum tolerance locus, Alt(SB)(5). Polymorphisms in regulatory regions of AltSB are likely to contribute to large allelic effects, acting to increase AltSB expression in the root apex of tolerant genotypes. Furthermore, aluminum- inducible AltSB expression is associated with induction of aluminum tolerance via enhanced root citrate exudation. These findings will allow us to identify superior AltSB haplotypes that can be incorporated via molecular breeding and biotechnology into acid soil breeding programs, thus helping to increase crop yields in developing countries where acidic soils predominate. C1 Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Magalhaes, JV (reprint author), Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, Rod Mg 424,Km 65, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. EM jurandir@cnpms.embrapa.br; Leon.Kochian@ars.usda.gov OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Trick, Harold/0000-0001-5255-5575; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 29 TC 284 Z9 311 U1 8 U2 80 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1156 EP 1161 DI 10.1038/ng2074 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 205OA UT WOS:000249122400028 PM 17721535 ER PT J AU Dodds, KI Cooke, RR Gilmore, DW AF Dodds, Kevin I. Cooke, Robert R. Gilmore, Daniel W. TI Silvicultural options to reduce pine susceptibility to attack by a newly detected invasive species, Sirex noctilio SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Sirex noddio; siricidae; integrated pest management; invasive species; pinus; silviculture ID ZEALAND; BIOLOGY; BEETLE; STANDS AB A normative woodwasp of Eurasian origin, Sirex noctilio F., was defected recently in Oswego, New York, infesting Scots, red, and white pine. S. noctilio has caused periodic widespread losses of pine timber resources in several Southern Hemisphere countries and may cause significant damage in pure even-aged stands and overstocked plantations in North America. However, stand management and biological control programs have successfully managed S. noctilio populations in other countries and similar programs are being developed for North America. Until the primary biological control agent, Beddingia siricidicola, a parasitic nematode, is established in North America, forest owners will have to rely solely on silvicultural treatments to reduce the susceptibility of at-risk pine stands to S. noctilio attack. Silvicultural treatments including precommercial thinning, promoting optimal growing conditions for pines on a given site, reducing numbers of susceptible hosts, and consistent monitoring of stands are suggested activities to help protect pine stands from invasion by S. noctilio. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Comm Protect Adirondacks, N Creek, NY 12853 USA. RP Dodds, KI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodas@fs.fed.us; rcooke@fs.fed.us; dwg@frontiernet.net NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 165 EP 167 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 207OB UT WOS:000249259300002 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LS Nyland, RD AF Kenefic, Laura S. Nyland, Ralph D. TI Cavity trees, snags, and selection cutting: a northern hardwood case study SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE uneven-aged silviculture; cavities; snags; northern hardwoods; wildlife habitat ID OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS; BIRDS AB Although traditional application of the selection system includes a focus on high-value trees that may reduce cavities and snags, few studies have quantified those habitat features in managed uneven-aged stands. We examined the effects of single-tree selection cuffing on cavity trees and snags in a northern hardwood stand immediately prior to the second cutting. Marking followed guidelines proposed by Arbogast, C, Jr. (1957. Marking guides for northern hardwoods under selection system. US For. Serv. Res. Pop. 56, Lake States Forest Experiment Station. 20 p.), with the objective of improving stand quality for timber production while maintaining a balanced diameter distribution. The stand contained seven species of cavity trees and snags; sugar maple and American beech were most common, the latter comprising 20% of snags and 26% of cavity trees despite its relatively minor (7%) contribution to stand basal area. We found that 92% of cavity trees were live, underscoring the value of living trees as sources of cavities. Precut cavity tree density (25.2 live cavity trees per hectare) was more than twice that found in other studies of selection stands, although density of snags (11.0 snags per hectare) was comparable or lower. More than 50% of sampled cavity trees were designated for removal in the second selection cut, reducing projected postcut density to 11.0 live cavity trees per hectare, a density similar to that found in other studies. Postcut density of large cavity trees (3.3 live trees >45 cm dbh per hectare) exceeded published guidelines for northern hardwoods (0.25 to 2.5 live cavity trees >45 cm dbh per hectare). We speculate that the relatively high maximum diameter (61 cm dbh) and long cuffing cycle (20 years) used to define the target stand structure may have contributed to the number of cavity trees observed. Nevertheless, selection cutting as applied in this study will likely reduce cavity abundance unless retention of trees with decay is explicitly incorporated into the management strategy. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 686 Govt Rd, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. EM lkenefic@fs.fed.us RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 207OB UT WOS:000249259300006 ER PT J AU DeGraaf, RM Lester, AM Yamasaki, M Leak, WB AF DeGraaf, Richard M. Lester, Anna M. Yamasaki, Mariko Leak, William B. TI Visual Simulations of forest wildlife habitat structure, change, and landscape context in new England SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest wildlife habitat; habitat change; landscape; visualization ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; VISUALIZATION; OPERATIONS; DIVERSITY; SHRUBLAND; SYSTEM; TRENDS; BIRDS AB Visualization is a powerful tool for depicting projections of forest structure and landscape conditions, for communicating habitat management practices, and for providing a landscape context to private landowners and to those concerned with public land management. Recent advances in visualization technology, especially in graphics quality, ease of use, and relative ease of learning, make it readily usable by natural resource managers. Concerns about the appearance of even-aged practices, which have the greatest potential to enhance wildlife diversity, have constrained forest management. We developed realistic visual simulations to display the outcomes of forest management practices used to create and maintain a range of wildlife habitat conditions in New England, and to project future landscape appearance for periods up to 100 years. We describe the simulation process so that it can be used elsewhere. Realistic visual images can be a useful tool to clearly display habitat management alternatives for landowners and participants in public land management and to improve communication about the long-term appearance of the landscape as periodic treatments are applied. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeGraaf, RM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rdegraaf@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 207OB UT WOS:000249259300010 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, William B. TI Accuracy of regeneration surveys in new England northern hardwoods SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE regeneration; northern hardwoods; regeneration surveys; species composition AB Four 5-ac demonstration harvests were initiated in 1951 on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire: light selection, moderate selection, diameter limit, and liquidation. In 1952 and 1959, regeneration surveys were conducted that measured several different attributes of the seedlings and saplings in the cutover stands. In 2005, the stands were remeasured to determine the relationships of the various regeneration measures to current species composition of the pole-timber portion of the stands. Although predictions were somewhat variable and imperfect, the best measures for shade-tolerant species were those that took account of the sapling layer, and measures based on the dominant stem per small plot were best for less-tolerant species. Combining both attributes, these results suggest that the best approach would be a small-plot survey (milocre or slightly larger) that simply records the dominant stem per plot including stems up through the sapling size classes (less than 4.5-in. dbh). This could be taken before harvest, to predict the effects of a light partial cut, or 5-7 years after harvest, to predict future species composition after any harvest intensity. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.jed.us NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 207OB UT WOS:000249259300011 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL McKelvey, KS Rivera, PT Ruggiero, LF AF Schwartz, Michael K. Pilgrim, Kristine L. McKelvey, Kevin S. Rivera, Pilar T. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI DNA markers for identifying individual snowshoe hares using field-collected pellets SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; CANADA LYNX; DENSITY; RABBIT; HABITAT; HAIR; GENOTYPES; EFFICACY AB Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) abundance has been of interest to wildlife biologists, as hares are essential prey items for many rare and endangered predators. Snowshoe hare abundance has most commonly been estimated through indices such as pellet counts. While pellet counts may be useful in the areas they are developed and when hares are dense, they notably fail when hares are at low densities. Abundance estimates using capture-mark-recapture (CMR) are often preferred over indices of animal abundance. yet using CMR to estimate snowshoe hare numbers has proven a formidable and expensive task. Sample sizes obtained using traditional CMR techniques are frequently low, resulting in either biased estimates or estimates with unacceptably high variance. Here we derive a suite of 9 microsatellite DNA markers that can provide snowshoe hare individual identification at relatively low cost. We demonstrate that these markers produce no genotyping errors in a captive situation and use the markers to produce individual identification of free-ranging snowshoe hares in test plots in Montana and Idaho. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Wallowa Whitman Natl Forest, Baker City, ON 97814, Canada. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 316 EP 322 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229AS UT WOS:000250774300008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Martins, PA Roberts, SB Sawaya, AL AF Hoffman, Daniel J. Martins, Paula A. Roberts, Susan B. Sawaya, Ana Lydia TI Body fat distribution in stunted compared with normal-height children from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fat distribution; stunting; transitional countries; chronic disease ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; VISCERAL OBESITY; FETAL-GROWTH; ADULT LIFE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ABDOMINAL OBESITY AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether central fat distribution varies between children who were growth retarded as young children and normal-height children from the same impoverished communities of Sdo Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A prospective study of 50 stunted and normal-height children in Sdo Paulo, Brazil was conducted in which children were measured for changes in fat mass (FM) and fat distribution (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry) and Tanner stage over a 4-y period. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression to control for confounding factors and Student's t test was used to estimate group differences. Results: At follow-up, stunted children were shorter, weighed less, and had less total FM compared with control children. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to percent FM or percent truncal FM (%TrFM). Linear regression analyses were used to determine that stunted children had 1) increased TrFM (independent of FM); 2) increased %TrFM (independent of FM, gender, and Tanner stage), and 3) a borderline significantly greater change in TrFM (independent of FM, gender, and Tanner stage). Conclusion: Stunted children are more likely to deposit fat centrally when entering puberty, a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. Our results may explain part of the association between early growth retardation and later risk for metabolic diseases. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Endocrine Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy,Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM dhoffman@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Martins, Paula/E-7161-2011; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 OI Martins, Paula/0000-0002-3857-1656; NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 9 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2007.06.006 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 198ZT UT WOS:000248666700003 PM 17679045 ER PT J AU Bowman, S AF Bowman, Shanthy TI Low economic status is associated with suboptimal intakes of nutritious foods by adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE older adults; elderly; aging; low income; sociodemographic status; MyPyramid foods; food security; nutrient intakes ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; DIETARY FIBER; OLDER-ADULTS; GLYCEMIC LOAD; FRAMINGHAM OSTEOPOROSIS; ELDERLY POPULATION; BODY-WEIGHT; RISK; WOMEN AB Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death among older Americans. Many of the chronic health conditions that result in the loss of independence, disability, and reduced quality of life in older adults are preventable through healthful lifestyle including proper nutrition. Household income is a major economic factor that impacts food choices and nutritional status of individuals. The study examines the socioeconomic characteristics of adults, 60 years and older, and assesses the correlations between household income and food choices and nutritional status of adults. Adults (n = 2675) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2002, were grouped into I of the 3 household income categories: low income (<131% poverty), medium income (131%-350% of poverty), and high income (>350% of poverty). Their sociodemographic characteristics and unadjusted mean nutrient and MyPyramid food group intakes were estimated. Multiple regression models were used to control for age and sex variability in mean estimations. Pairwise (t tests) mean comparisons were made among the income groups, at a priori alpha =.05 level of significance. Survey design effects were used in the analyses. There were 24.9%, 43.0%, and 32.1% adults in low-, medium-, and high-income groups, respectively. Only 77% of low-income adults were fully food-secure. Compared with medium- and high-income groups, the low-income group had a higher proportion of women (66.9%), Hispanics (20.1 %) or non-Hispanic blacks (11.4%), adults having less than high-school-level education (34.2%), and adults who were widowed (40.6%) or divorced (12.1%). After controlling for age and sex, low-income adults consumed 526 W less than medium-income adults and 1050 0 less than high-income adults. Lower proportion of low-income adults ate at or above the Adequate Intake or Estimated Average Intake levels for many micronutrients. They ate less fruit, vegetables, milk, meat, poultry, and fish than high-income adults. Older minority women living in low-income households are in urgent need for food assistance and nutrition intervention programs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowman, S (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shanthy.bowman@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 9 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.06.010 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 210UB UT WOS:000249480000001 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Hubbard, LD Taylor, A AF Morris, Martha Savaria Jacques, Paul F. Chylack, Leo T. Hankinson, Susan E. Willett, Walter C. Hubbard, Larry D. Taylor, Allen TI Intake of zinc and antioxidant micronutrients and early age-related maculopathy lesions SO OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; antioxidant carotenoid; eye; macular ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BEAVER DAM EYE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; UNITED-STATES; VISION LOSS; VITAMIN-C; LUTEIN AB Background: Macular degeneration, the end stage of age-related maculopathy (ARM), is the leading cause of legal blindness worldwide, and few modifiable risk factors are known. The high concentration of carotenoids in the macula, plus evidence linking oxidative stress to ARM and carotenoids to antioxidation, generated the hypothesis that higher antioxidant intakes can prevent ARM. Results of observational and intervention studies have been inconsistent. Objective: To evaluate associations between intakes of zinc and antioxidant micronutrients and early ARM. Methods: Between 1993 and 1995, ARM was assessed in 398 Boston-area women aged 53-74 y using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy System of grading retinal fundus photographs. The women were a subset of the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Micronutrient intake was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires administered four times between 1980 and the baseline eye examinations. Results: After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, 1980 energy-adjusted intakes of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, total retinol, total vitamin A, and total vitamin E were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of pigmentary abnormalities (PA). Furthermore, increasing frequency of consuming foods high in alpha- or beta-carotene was associated with lower odds of PA; compared to women consuming these foods <5 times/wk, odds ratios (95% Cl) were 0.7 (0.3-1.6) for 5-6 times/wk, 0.6 (0.2-1.3) for 7-9.5 times/wk, and 0.3 (0.1-0.7)for >= 10 times/wk. Lutein/zeaxanthin intakes and more recent intakes of most carotenoids were unrelated to PA, and intakes of zinc and antioxidant micronutrients were unrelated to having large or intermediate drusen alone. C1 Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalmic Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fundus Photog Reading Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, 711 Washington St,Rm 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY014183-01A2, EY09611, EY13250] NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0928-6586 J9 OPHTHAL EPIDEMIOL JI Ophthalmic Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1080/09286580601186759 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 228OM UT WOS:000250739300004 PM 17994438 ER PT J AU Hays, SP Ordonez, JM Burrin, DG Sunehag, AL AF Hays, Stephane P. Ordonez, Jorge M. Burrin, Douglas G. Sunehag, Agneta L. TI Dietary glutamate is almost entirely removed in its first pass through the splanchnic bed in premature infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; METABOLISM; ACID AB Breast milk glutamate is a potential gluconeogenic substrate. However, in piglets, most dietary glutamate undergoes first pass extraction by the gut, limiting its contribution to glucose formation. The objectives of the study were to determine in preterm infants, whether dietary glutamate increases plasma [glutannate] in a dose-dependent fashion and whether glutamate carbon appears in plasma glucose to an appreciable extent. Five enterally fed infants (31 +/- 0 wk: 1555 +/- 131 g) (mean - SE) were studied twice (postnatal age 10 +/- Id and 17 Id, respectively), while receiving an intrauastric infusion of glutamate (labeled to 4% by [U-C-13] glutamate) at 2.4 (study 1) and 4.8 mu mol/kg/min (study 2) for 1.5 h (n = 2) or 5 h (n = 3). Plasma [glutamate] was 82 +/- 8 AM at baseline, and 84 +/- 11 and 90 +/- 13 AM after glutamate supplementation at 2.4 and 4.8 mu mol/kg/lutin, respectively, values not different from baseline. Plasma [glutamate] was not affected by the duration of the glutamate infusion (1.5 versus 5 h). Plasma C-13 glucose enrichment was only 0.317% (after 5 h ingestion of glutamate labeled to 4%) indicating insignificant contribution of dietary glutamate carbon to glucose. Thus. in premature infants, splanchnic extraction is the major fate of dietary glutamate, which is not a significant gluconeogenic substrate in these infants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM asunehag@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00188] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 203KJ UT WOS:000248973200023 PM 17622957 ER PT J AU Carlin, K Neville, T Borowicz, P Vonnahme, K Taylor, J Redmer, D Reynolds, L Caton, J AF Carlin, K. Neville, T. Borowicz, P. Vonnahme, K. Taylor, J. Redmer, D. Reynolds, L. Caton, J. TI Influence of maternal nutrition on mRNA expression of angiogenic factors and receptors in skeletal muscle of adcolescent sheep SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Aspen Perinatal Biology Conference 2007 CY AUG 25-28, 2007 CL Aspen, CO C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Carlin, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 381 EP 381 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 203KJ UT WOS:000248973200041 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Johnson, WT AF Anderson, C. M. Johnson, W. T. TI Marginal copper deficiency in pregnancy: Vascular responses in dams and progeny SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Aspen Perinatal Biology Conference 2007 CY AUG 25-28, 2007 CL Aspen, CO C1 Univ N Dakota, Coll Nursing, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Anderson, CM (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Coll Nursing, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 203KJ UT WOS:000248973200049 ER PT J AU Yang, Z Guo, CM Myatt, L Sun, K AF Yang, Z. Guo, C. M. Myatt, L. Sun, K. TI Synergistic induction of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression by cortisol and interleukin-1(B) in human fetal lung fibroblasts SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Aspen Perinatal Biology Conference 2007 CY AUG 25-28, 2007 CL Aspen, CO C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 203KJ UT WOS:000248973200051 ER PT J AU Huls, CK Shah, DM Lopez, GE Magness, RR AF Huls, C. K. Shah, D. M. Lopez, G. E. Magness, R. R. TI Influence of maternal nutrition on mRNA expression of angiogenic factors and receptors in maternal and fetal jejunum SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Aspen Perinatal Biology Conference 2007 CY AUG 25-28, 2007 CL Aspen, CO C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 203KJ UT WOS:000248973200057 ER PT J AU Matlik, L Savaiano, D McCabe, G VanLoan, M Blue, CL Boushey, CJ AF Matlik, Leann Savaiano, Dennis McCabe, George VanLoan, Marta Blue, Carolyn L. Boushey, Carol J. TI Perceived milk intolerance is related to bone mineral content in 10-to 13-year-old female adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; bone mass; calcium; milk intolerance; lactose intolerance ID LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; CALCIUM INTAKE; YOUNG-WOMEN; CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; DENSITY; MASS; MALDIGESTION; OSTEOPOROSIS; CONSUMPTION AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine associations among lactose maldigestion status, perceived milk intolerance, dietary calcium intake, and bone mineral content in early adolescent girls. METHODS. Subjects were 291 girls who participated in a substudy of the multiple- site project Adequate Calcium Today. Lactose maldigestion status was determined with hydrogen breath testing, and questionnaires were used to assess perceived milk intolerance. Dietary calcium intake was estimated from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and dual- energy x- ray absorptiometric measurements ( total body, spine L2 - L4, total hip, and hip femoral neck) were standardized across sites. RESULTS. Of the 230 girls who completed breath hydrogen testing, 65 were Asian, 76 were Hispanic, and 89 were non- Hispanic white. A total of 100 girls experienced increases in breath hydrogen levels of > 20 ppm and were classified as lactose maldigesters. Of the 246 participants who completed useable perceived milk intolerance questionnaires, 47 considered themselves to be milk intolerant. Of the 47 girls self- reporting perceived milk intolerance, 40 completed breath hydrogen testing and 22 were not maldigesters. Girls with perceived milk intolerance consumed an average of 212 mg of total food calcium per day less than girls without perceived milk intolerance. Spinal bone mineral content was significantly lower in the girls with perceived milk intolerance, compared with the girls without perceived milk intolerance. When girls with lactose maldigestion were compared with girls without lactose maldigestion, there were no significant differences in calcium intake or bone measures. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that, starting as early as 10 years of age, selfimposed restriction of dairy foods because of perceived milk intolerance is associated with lower spinal bone mineral content values. The long- term influence of these behaviors may contribute to later risk for osteoporosis. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Coll Consumer & Family Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Coll Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. RP Boushey, CJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, 700 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM boushey@purdue.edu OI Savaiano, Dennis/0000-0001-8872-6276 NR 44 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP E669 EP E677 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1240 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 207DO UT WOS:000249232000074 PM 17766507 ER PT J AU Li, AY Chen, AC Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE AF Li, Andrew Y. Chen, Andrew C. Miller, Robert J. Davey, Ronald B. George, John E. TI Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acaricide; synergism; permethrin; amitraz; cattle tick; sodium channel mutation ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HORN FLIES DIPTERA; CATTLE TICK; INSECTICIDE MIXTURES; NOCTUIDAE; MUSCIDAE; PYRETHROIDS; MANAGEMENT; COTTON; MECHANISM AB The control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), in Mexico and many other countries relies on chemical acaricides. Boophilus microplus has developed resistance to all major classes of acaricides in recent years. To gain a better understanding of the resistance and to develop resistance management strategies that benefit both Mexican ranchers and USDA's cattle fever tick eradication program (CFTEP), the authors used larval bioassay techniques to determine levels of resistance to permethrin and amitraz and then evaluated synergism between these two acaricides in one susceptible laboratory tick strain and four resistant strains originating from Mexico and Brazil. To examine mechanisms of resistance to permethrin in these strains, the frequency of a mutated sodium channel gene was determined using a PCR assay. The tick strains from Mexico and Brazil demonstrated 49.4- to over 672.2-fold resistance to permethrin, and up to 94.5-fold resistance to amitraz. While the San Roman strain from Mexico was the most permethrin-resistant strain, the Santa Luiza strain from Brazil was the most amitraz-resistant strain. A significant correlation was found between the permethrin resistance ratio and the allelic frequency of the sodium channel mutation. Significant synergism between permethrin and amitraz was found when one acaricide was tested in the presence of another. Synergism ratios ranged from 1.5 to 54.9 when amitraz was tested as a synergist for permethrin. Similar synergism ratios were obtained when permethrin was tested as a synergist for amitraz. Permethrin caused virtually no mortality in the San Roman strain, even at the highest concentration (3294 mu g cm(-2)). Adding amitraz (11.0 mu g cm(-2)) to permethrin led to a dramatic increase in larval mortality, even at very low concentrations of permethrin. (C) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 63 IS 9 BP 882 EP 889 DI 10.1002/ps.1417 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 206NB UT WOS:000249189100007 PM 17665370 ER PT J AU He, YP Chen, WM Shen, JL Gao, CF Huang, LQ Zhou, WJ Liu, XG Zhu, YC AF He, Yue Ping Chen, Wen Ming Shen, Jin Liang Gao, Cong Fen Huang, Li Qin Zhou, Wei Jun Liu, Xu Gan Zhu, Yu Cheng TI Differential susceptibilities to pyrethroids in field populations of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chilo suppressalis; pyrethroids; toxicity; susceptibility/resistance; cross resistance ID RESISTANCE; RICE; MECHANISMS AB To assess the feasibility of pyrethroids for rice insect control, we examined susceptibilities of six field populations of rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) to 10 pyrethroids using the topical application method in laboratory in 2004 and 2005. Our results showed that the seven pyrethroids with high fish-toxicity (i.e., beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, S-fenvalerate, alpha-cypermethrin, and fenpropathrin) were more effective against C suppressalis than the three compounds with low fish-toxicity (i.e., cycloprothrin, etofenprox, and silafluofen). The results also showed that all 10 of the pyrethroids were much more effective than methamidophos and monosultap for C suppressalis control. In addition, we found that susceptibilities of some field populations of C suppressalis to some high fish-toxicity pyrethroids were significantly reduced, and our results indicated that a Ruian (RA) field population showed a year-to-year variation in susceptibility to most tested pyrethroids between 2004 and 2005. Our data indicated that the tolerance levels increased dramatically in RA population, especially to beta-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin. This study provided the first assessment of resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of C suppressalis. In addition, a close correlation between resistance ratios to the 10 compounds and differences of the structures of these compounds was established in the RA05 population, which was resistant to most of the pyrethroids tested while it was still very susceptible to fenvalerate with no cross resistance. Finally, the feasibility and precaution were discussed in selecting pyrethroids as alternatives to replace high toxicity organophosphates for C suppressalis control and insecticide resistance management. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Jamie Whhitten Delta State Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP He, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jamie Whhitten Delta State Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jlshen@njau.edu.cn; yczhu@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.02.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 203KK UT WOS:000248973300002 ER PT J AU Miao, X Gong, P Swope, S Pu, RL Carruthers, R Anderson, GL AF Miao, Xin Gong, Peng Swope, Sarah Pu, Ruiliang Carruthers, Raymond Anderson, Gerald L. TI Detection of yellow starthistle through band selection and feature extraction from hyperspectral imagery SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONIFER SPECIES RECOGNITION; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; DISPLAY AB To effectively display hyperspectral imagery for visualization purposes, the three RGB channels should be selected or extracted from a hyperspectral image under the criteria of maximum information or maximum between-class separability. Seven band selection (OIF, SI, CI, divergence, transformed divergence, B-distance, JM-distance) and five feature extraction (principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, class-based PCA, segmented PCT (SPCT), independent component analysis) methods and their variations are examined and compared using CASI hyperspectral imagery with the goal of detecting Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle or YST), an invasive weed, in an annual grassland in California. Three indicators, information index (Infodex), separability index (Sepadex) and average correlation coefficient (ACC) are proposed to evaluate the quality of the generated images. The results suggest that both the combination of the three SPCT channels and the combination of the second PCA channel with the positive and negative of the first LDA channels (PCA2, LDA1, -LDA1) can enhance our ability to visualize the distribution of YST in contrast to the surrounding vegetation. C1 Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Nothern Plains Area, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Miao, X (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM xinmiao@missouristate.edu; gong@nature.berkeley.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1005 EP 1015 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 207EP UT WOS:000249234700003 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Obert, DE Menz, M Hu, G Avant, JB Chong, J Bonman, JM AF Jackson, E. W. Obert, D. E. Menz, M. Hu, G. Avant, J. B. Chong, J. Bonman, J. M. TI Characterization and mapping of oat crown rust resistance genes using three assessment methods SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; LINKAGE MAP; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANTS; QUANTIFICATION; INFECTION; HORDEUM; SATIVA AB Resistance is the primary means of control for crown rust of oat (Avena sativa L.), caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, and better knowledge of the genetics of resistance will enhance resistance breeding. Disease data were generated in the field and greenhouse for parents and recombinant inbred lines of the Ogle/TAM O-301 (OT) oat mapping population using (i) a new quantitative assay that employs quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) to estimate fungal growth in the host, (ii) digital image analysis, and (iii) visual ratings. The objectives of this study were to evaluate each assessment method's ability to map a major gene from cv. Ogle and potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributed by Ogle and TAM O-301. All three assessment methods identified the major gene in Ogle, which was mapped to linkage group OT6. The resolution produced by q-PCR, however, enabled more precise mapping of the major gene. Quantitative analysis indicated that 64% of the phenotypic variation was accounted for using q-PCR, whereas 41 and 52% were accounted for using Visual and digital assessments, respectively. Data generated by q-PCR permitted identification of QTL on linkage groups OT32, accounting for 6% of the phenotypic variation, and OT2, accounting for 4% of the variation. QTL on both OT32 and OT2 were conferred by TAM O-301, one of which (OT2) was indiscernible using data from the visual and digital assessments. The new method of precisely phenotyping crown rust resistance provided a more accurate and thorough means of dissecting resistance in the OT mapping population. Similar methods could be developed and applied to other important cereal rust diseases. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 27, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-9-1063 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203JZ UT WOS:000248972200005 PM 18944171 ER PT J AU Hulbert, SH Bai, J Fellers, JP Pacheco, MG Bowden, RL AF Hulbert, S. H. Bai, J. Fellers, J. P. Pacheco, M. G. Bowden, R. L. TI Gene expression patterns in near isogenic lines for wheat rust resistance gene Lr34/Yr18 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE green island effect; race nonspecific resistance; stripe rust ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; LEAF TIP NECROSIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; STRIPE RUST; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB The Lr34/Yr18 resistance gene provides durable, adult-plant, slow rusting resistance to leaf rust, yellow rust, and several other diseases of wheat. Flag leaves may exhibit spontaneous leaf tip necrosis and tips are more resistant than leaf bases. Despite the importance of this gene, the mechanism of resistance is unknown. Patterns of expression for 55,052 transcripts were examined by microarray analysis in mock-inoculated flag leaves of two pairs of wheat near isogenic lines for Li-34/Yr18 (Jupateco 73S/Jupateco 73R and Thatcher/Thatcher-Lr34). The Thatcher isolines were also examined for patterns of expression after inoculation with leaf rust. Mock-inoculated leaf tips of resistant plants showed up-regulation of 57 transcripts generally associated with ABA inducibility, osmotic stress, cold stress, and/or seed maturation. Several transcripts may be useful as expression markers for Lr34/Yr18. Five transcripts were also up-regulated in resistant leaf bases. The possible role of these transcripts in resistance is discussed. In mock-inoculated plants, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were not up-regulated in resistant flag leaves compared with that in susceptible flag leaves. In inoculated plants, the same set of PR proteins was up-regulated in both resistant and susceptible flag leaves. However, expression was often higher in resistant plants, suggesting a possible role for Lr34/Yr18 in printing of defense responses. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hulbert, SH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 62 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1083 EP 1093 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-9-1083 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203JZ UT WOS:000248972200007 PM 18944173 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Damann, KE Cleveland, TE AF Chen, Z.-Y. Brown, R. L. Damann, K. E. Cleveland, T. E. TI Identification of maize kernel endosperm proteins associated with resistance to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn; oxidative stress ID EMBRYOGENESIS-ABUNDANT PROTEINS; PEROXIREDOXIN ANTIOXIDANT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABIOTIC STRESS; CORN KERNELS; INFECTION; DORMANCY; RICE; ACCUMULATION AB Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus during infection of susceptible crops such as maize (Zea mays). Previously, embryo proteins from maize genotypes resistant or susceptible to A. flavus infection were compared using proteomics, and resistance-associated proteins were identified. Here, we report the comparison of maize endosperm proteins from five resistant and five susceptible geno-types, and the identification of additional resistance-associated proteins using the same approach. Ten protein spots were upregulated twofold or higher in resistant lines compared with susceptible ones. Peptide sequencing of these proteins identified them as a globulin-2 protein, late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA3 and LEA14), a stress-related peroxiredoxin antioxidant (PERI), heat-shock proteins (HSP17.2), a cold-regulated protein (COR), and an antifungal trypsin-inhibitor protein (TI). The gene encoding one such upregulated protein, PER1 was cloned and overexpressed in Eycherichia coli. The overexpressed PERT protein demonstrated peroxidase activity in vitro. In addition, per1 expression was significantly higher in the resistant genotype Mp420 than in the susceptible genotype B73 during the late stage of kernel development, and was significantly induced upon A. flavus infection, suggesting that it may play an important role in enhancing kernel stress tolerance and aflatoxin resistance. The significance of other identified proteins to host resistance and stress tolerance also is discussed. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 61 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1094 EP 1103 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-9-1094 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203JZ UT WOS:000248972200008 PM 18944174 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Ordonez, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Ordonez, M. E. TI Genetic differentiation of Puccinia triticina populations in central Asia and the Caucasus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown rust; Triticum aestivum; wheat leaf rust ID WHEAT LEAF RUST; F-SP TRITICI; MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; DURUM-WHEAT; WORLDWIDE COLLECTION; VIRULENCE PHENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RECONDITA; FUNGUS; RESISTANCE AB Isolates of Puccinia triticina collected front common wheat in the Central Asia countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan and the Caucasus Countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia were tested for virulence to 20 isolines of Thatcher wheat with different leaf rust resistance genes and molecular genotype at 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. After clone correction within each Country, 99 isolates were analyzed for measures of population diversity, variation at single SSR loci, arid for genetic differentiation of virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes. Isolates from Central Asia and the Caucasus were also compared with 16 P. triticina isolates collected from common wheat in North America that were representative of the virulence and molecular variation in this region and two isolates collected from durum wheat in France and the United States. Populations from the Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were not significantly (P > 0.05) differentiated for SSR variation with F(st) and R(st) statistics. Population-, front the Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, arid Kyrgyzstan were significantly (P < 0.05) differentiated from the Populations in South and North Kazakhstan for SSR variation. All populations from Central Asia and the Caucasus were significantly differentiated from the North American isolates and isolates from durum wheat for SSR variation arid virulence phenotypes. There was a correlation between virulence phenotype and SSR genotype among individual isolates and at the population level. Mountain barriers may account for the differentiation of P. triticina geographic populations in Central Asia arid the Caucasus. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-9-1141 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203JZ UT WOS:000248972200013 PM 18944179 ER PT J AU Norton, JB Monaco, TA Norton, U AF Norton, Jay B. Monaco, Thomas A. Norton, Urszula TI Mediterranean annual grasses in western North America: kids in a candy store SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA GRASSLANDS; EXOTIC GRASSES; SOIL; DYNAMICS; INVASION; CARBON; FIRE; INVASIBILITY C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Land Air & Water Resources Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Norton, JB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jnorton4@uwyo.edu NR 48 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD SEP PY 2007 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9364-8 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210MJ UT WOS:000249460000001 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Sforza, R AF Blank, Robert R. Sforza, Rene TI Plant-soil relationships of the invasive annual grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae: a reciprocal transplant experiment SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE invasion processes; medusahead; microorganisms; soil fertility ID GREAT BASIN; NITROGEN; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; BIOTA; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; ALLELOPATHY; PHOSPHORUS; PATHOGENS AB The annual grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski (medusahead) is highly invasive on rangelands of the western United States. It originates from the Mediterranean basin and was introduced accidentally into North America in the late 1800s. To increase our knowledge of the soil factors that may contribute to its invasiveness, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment. Seed sources used were from an invasive population in northeastern California, USA and from a native population in southern France. Four soils were used: two from northeastern California, invaded (USI) and non-invaded (USN) by T. caput-medusae; two from southern France, with T. caput-medusae occupied (FR+) and a similar soil presently unoccupied (FR-) by T. caput-medusae. Treatments were control and autoclaved. Seeds were sown in containers (six replicates) for each soil and treatment combination of the reciprocal planting matrix and allowed to grow for 60 days. Following harvest, above-ground and below-ground tissue was dried and weight recorded separately. Above-ground tissue was analyzed for nutrient concentrations and various soil nutrient pools were quantified. Above-ground mass of T. caput-medusae was greatest in the USN soil and least in the FR- soil. Growth was affected by significant seed source x soil and treatment x soil interactions. French seed produced larger plants than did US seed when grown in the USN soil. For the USI soil, plant growth was significantly greater in the autoclaved soil than control. Availability of soil Fe, Mn, and ortho-P were significant predictors of plant growth as shown by stepwise regression. Moreover, the positive effect on growth of T. caput-medusae, due to autoclaving of USI soil, may be partially a consequence of elevated nutrient availability. Our data also suggests that US seed may have evolved a greater ability to uptake Mn from soil than French seed. Elevated soil nutrient availability in our western United States study area is a potential factor explaining the invasiveness of T. caput-medusae. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Montpellier, France. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD SEP PY 2007 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9308-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 210MJ UT WOS:000249460000002 ER PT J AU Wittig, VE Ainsworth, EA Long, SP AF Wittig, Victoria E. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Long, Stephen P. TI To what extent do current and projected increases in surface ozone affect photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of trees? A meta-analytic review of the last 3 decades of experiments SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; atmospheric change; cumulative ozone uptake; forests; global change; stomata ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST TREES; O-3 EXPOSURE; ELEVATED CO2; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNIFYING THEORY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PONDEROSA PINE; UNITED-STATES AB The surface concentration of ozone ([031) has risen from less than 10 ppb prior to the industrial revolution to a daytime mean concentration of approximately 40 ppb over much of the northern temperate zone. If current global emission trends continue, surface [031 is projected to rise a further 50% over this century, with larger increases in many locations including Northern Hemisphere forests. This review uses statistical meta-analysis to determine mean effects, and their confidence limits, of both the current and projected elevations Of [031 on light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 uptake (As,) and stomatal conductance (gs) in trees. In total, 348 measurements of As., from 61 studies and 266 measures of gs from 55 studies were reviewed. Results suggested that the elevation Of [031 that has occurred since the industrial revolution is depressing As., and gs by 11% (CI 9-13%) and 13% (CI 11-15%), respectively, where CI is the 95% confidence interval. In contrast to angiosperms, gymnosperms were not significantly affected. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly decreased the effect of ambient [O-3]. Younger trees (<4 years) were affected less than older trees. Elevation Of [03] above current levels caused progressively larger losses of As, and gs, including gymnosperms. Results are consistent with the expectation that damage to photosynthesis depends on the cumulative uptake of ozone (03) into the leaf. Thus, factors that lower gs lessen damage. Where both g, and [03] were recorded, an overall decline in A(sat) of 0.21% per mmol m(-2) of estimated cumulative 03 uptake was calculated. These findings suggest that rising [031, an often overlooked aspect of global atmospheric change, is progressively depressing the ability of temperate and boreal forests to assimilate carbon and transfer water vapour to the atmosphere, with significant potential effects on terrestrial carbon sinks and regional hydrologies. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 190 ERML,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 62 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 13 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1150 EP 1162 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01717.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 200VN UT WOS:000248791000008 PM 17661752 ER PT J AU Lokko, Y Anderson, JV Rudd, S Raji, A Horvath, D Mikel, MA Kim, R Liu, L Hernandez, A Dixon, AGO Ingelbrecht, IL AF Lokko, Y. Anderson, J. V. Rudd, S. Raji, A. Horvath, D. Mikel, M. A. Kim, R. Liu, L. Hernandez, A. Dixon, A. G. O. Ingelbrecht, I. L. TI Characterization of an 18,166 EST dataset for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) enriched for drought-responsive genes SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WATER-DEFICIT; STRESSED SEEDLINGS; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; DEHYDRATION STRESS; CDNA LIBRARIES AB Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food for over 600 million people in the tropics and subtropics and is increasingly used as an industrial crop for starch production. Cassava has a high growth rate under optimal conditions but also performs well in drought-prone areas and on marginal soils. To increase the tools for understanding and manipulating drought tolerance in cassava, we generated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from normalized cDNA libraries prepared from dehydration-stressed and control well-watered tissues. Analysis of a total of 18,166 ESTs resulted in the identification of 8,577 unique gene clusters (5,383 singletons and 3,194 clusters). Functional categories could be assigned to 63% of the unigenes, while another similar to 11% were homologous to hypothetical genes with unclear functions. The remaining similar to 26% were not significantly homologous to sequences in public databases suggesting that some may be novel and putatively specific to cassava. The dehydration-stressed library uncovered numerous ESTs with recognized roles in drought-responses, including those that encode late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins thought to confer osmoprotective functions during water stress, transcription factors, heat-shock proteins as well as proteins involved in signal transduction and oxidative stress. The unigene clusters were screened for short tandem repeats for further development as microsatellite markers. A total of 592 clusters contained 646 repeats, representing 3.3% of the ESTs queried. The ESTs presented here are the first dehydration stress transcriptome of cassava and can be utilized for the development of microarrays and gene-derived molecular markers to further dissect the molecular basis of drought tolerance in cassava. C1 IITA, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Ibadan, Nigeria. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Ctr Biotechnol, Turku 20521, Finland. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol 2610, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol 2610, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Edward R Madigan Lab, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ingelbrecht, IL (reprint author), IITA, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Oyo Rd, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM i.ingelbrecht@cgiar.org RI Rudd, Stephen/A-6434-2013; OI Rudd, Stephen/0000-0002-0344-7487; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 68 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1605 EP 1618 DI 10.1007/s00299-007-0378-8 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 201TY UT WOS:000248856700019 PM 17541599 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Singh, RP Ward, RW Wanyera, R Kinyua, M Njau, P Pretorius, ZA AF Jin, Y. Singh, R. P. Ward, R. W. Wanyera, R. Kinyua, M. Njau, P. Pretorius, Z. A. TI Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE AB Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, historically was one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and barley. The disease has been under effective control worldwide through the widespread use of host resistance. A number of stem rust resistance genes in wheat have been characterized for their reactions to specific races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Adult plant responses to race TTKS (also known as Ug99) of monogenic lines for Sr genes, a direct measurement of the effectiveness for a given gene, have not been investigated to any extent. This report summarizes adult plant infection responses and seedling infection types for monogenic lines of designated Sr genes challenged with race TTKS. High infection types at the seedling stage and susceptible infection responses in adult plants were observed on monogenic lines carrying Sr5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9g, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 31, 34, 38, and Wld-1. Monogenic lines of resistance genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44, Tmp, and Tt-3 were effective against TTKS both at the seedling and adult plant stages. The low infection types to race TTKS observed for these resistance genes corresponded to the expected low infections of these genes to other incompatible races of R graminis f. sp. tritici. The level of resistance conferred by these genes at the adult plant stage varied between highly resistant to moderately susceptible. The results from this study were inconclusive for determining the effectiveness of resistance genes Sr9e, 14, 21, and 29 against race TTKS. The understanding of the effectiveness of individual Sr genes against race TTKS will facilitate the utilization of these genes in breeding for stem rust resistance in wheat. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, CIMMYT, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Kenyan Agr Res Inst, Natl Plant Breeding Res Ctr, PO Njoro, Kenya. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Plant Sci, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yuejin@umn.edu RI ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 17 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1096 EP 1099 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1096 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900005 ER PT J AU Bae, J Atallah, ZK Jansky, SH Rouse, DI Stevenson, WR AF Bae, J. Atallah, Z. K. Jansky, S. H. Rouse, D. I. Stevenson, W. R. TI Colonization dynamics and spatial progression of Verticillium dahliae in individual stems of two potato cultivars with differing responses to potato early dying SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SOIL ASSAYS; TIME; WILT; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS; DETECT; QUANTIFICATION AB Potato early dying, (PED), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a chronic yield-limiting disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). In this study, we describe the colonization dynamics of V dahliae in two potato cultivars with varying responses to PED. We utilized a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay to assess the colonization and spatial progression of V dohliae in cvs. Ranger Russet (moderately resistant) and Russet Norkotah (highly susceptible). Ninety plants per cultivar were inoculated with a conidial suspension in the greenhouse. Every 2 weeks until week 10. we collected basal samples from 15 plants, and repeatedly sampled the rowing apices of another 15 plants. The mean infection coefficient (IC) values in the basal and apical samples were significantly lower in cv. Ranger Russet at all five sampling dates. The pathogen was detected in basal samples of both cultivars by week 2, and in apical samples of cv. Russet Norkotah at week 4 and of cv. Ranger Russet at week 6. Colonization of cv. Russet Norkotah consistently increased in apical and basal samples during the 10 weeks, while it plateaued after week 6 in cv. Ranger Russet. Differences in response to PED appear associated with the speed of colonization and the establishment of a higher population density by V dahliae in the plant. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Atallah, ZK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM atila@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1137 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900012 ER PT J AU Elmer, WH Covert, SF O'Donnell, K AF Elmer, Wade H. Covert, Sarah F. O'Donnell, Kerry TI Investigation of an outbreak of Fusarium foot and fruit rot of pumpkin within the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; F-SP CUCURBITAE; PATHOGENICITY; RACE-2; BANANA; DNA AB Isolates of two biologically and phylogenetically distinct species, referred to as Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race I (Fse-1 = Nectria haematococca mating population I [MPI]) and E solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2 (Fsc-2 = N. haematococca mating population V [MPV]), were suspected of causing an outbreak of Fusarium foot and fruit rot of pumpkin during 2001 to 2003 in Connecticut, New York, Ohio, and Missouri. Both species affect the fruit, but Fsc-1 also affects the crown and causes a stem rot. In this study, 156 isolates from affected plants and from soil under diseased fruit that tentatively were identified morphologically as members of the F. solani species complex were assayed for pathogenicity on pumpkin seedlings and mature fruit. Results of the pathogenicity assay indicated that 81 of the isolates were Fsc-1. The remaining 74 isolates were either nonpathogenic or only weakly pathogenic on the fruit. A subset of 53 test isolates from soil and plants, plus reference isolates of Fsc-1 and Fsc-2 and an isolate from wheat reported to cause a seedling rot on cucurbits, were characterized phylogenetically by sequencing a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene. A BLAST query of the FUSARIUM-ID database at Pennsylvania State University indicated that 42 of the 53 test isolates were Fsc-1, whereas none were typed as Fsc-2. A polymerase chain reaction assay for mating-type (MAT) idiomorph revealed that all of the Fsc-1 isolates were MAT-1-2, suggesting that the pathogen may be strictly clonal in the affected fields. These findings provide convincing evidence that the Fusarium foot and fruit rot outbreaks were incited by Fsc-1. C1 Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Elmer, WH (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, POB 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. EM wade.elmer@po.state.ct.us NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1142 EP 1146 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1142 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900013 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Huang, CH AF Chen, C. C. Huang, C. H. TI First report of Capsicum chlorosis virus causing yellow stripes on Calla lilies in Taiwan SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Inst Agr Res, Div Plant Pathol, Taichung, Taiwan. Asia Univ, Dept Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Taichung, Taiwan. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA, ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), Inst Agr Res, Div Plant Pathol, Taichung, Taiwan. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1201 EP 1201 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1201C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900032 ER PT J AU Blomquist, CL Thomas, SL Nolan, PA Luque-Williams, M AF Blomquist, C. L. Thomas, S. L. Nolan, P. A. Luque-Williams, M. TI First report of Uromyces transversalis, causal agent of gladiolus rust, in San Diego County, California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA, APHIS PPQ NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. San Diego Cty Dept Agr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Blomquist, CL (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1202 EP 1202 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1202C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900035 ER PT J AU Schubert, TS Leahy, RM Davison, DA Silagyi, AJ Killgore, EM AF Schubert, T. S. Leahy, R. M. Davison, D. A. Silagyi, A. J. Killgore, E. M. TI Gladiolus rust caused by Uromyces transversalis makes first nearctic appearance in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA, APHIS PPQ, Gainesville, FL USA. Hawaii Dept Agr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Schubert, TS (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1202 EP 1202 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1202B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900034 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Rosskopf, EN AF Adkins, S. Rosskopf, E. N. TI Tropical soda apple mosaic virus identified in Solanum capsicoides in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. UF IFAS, Hendry Cty Cooperat Extens Serv, LaBelle, FL 33975 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1204 EP 1204 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1204A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900039 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE Lewellen, RT AF Hanson, L. E. Lewellen, R. T. TI Stalk rot of sugar beet caused by Fusarium solani on the Pacific Coast SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1204 EP 1204 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1204B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900040 ER PT J AU Ojiambo, PS Bandyopadhyay, R Twizeyiniana, M Congo, RD Frederick, RD Pedley, KF Stone, CL AF Ojiambo, P. S. Bandyopadhyay, R. Twizeyiniana, M. Congo, R. D. Frederick, R. D. Pedley, K. F. Stone, C. L. TI First report of rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean in Democratic Republic of Congo SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ojiambo, PS (reprint author), IITA, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Twizeyimana, Mathias/0000-0003-2173-6693 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1204 EP 1204 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1204C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 203UQ UT WOS:000248999900041 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Pratt, PD Center, TD Tipping, PW AF Rayamajhi, Min B. Van, Thai K. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Tipping, Phillip W. TI Melaleuca quinquenervia dominated forests in Florida: analyses of natural-enemy impacts on stand dynamics SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basal area; biological control; Boreioglycaspis metaleucae; density; diameter at breast height; Oxyops vitiosa; Paratachardina lobata; Puccinia psidii ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; SOUTH FLORIDA; PUCCINIA-PSIDII; POPULATION-DENSITIES; MIMOSA-PIGRA; SUGAR MAPLE; GROWTH; DEFOLIATION; MORTALITY AB Melateitca quinquenervia (melaleuca) is a native of Australia but has become an invasive plant in Florida, USA. We conducted a long-term demographic study of melaleuca in three sections (central, transitional, and peripheral) of monoculture stands located in Florida, and quantified absolute density, diameter at breast height and basal area of trees by section at three sites. Additionally, we monitored the impacts of natural enemy (insects and fungi) on melaleuca populations which became apparent after 2001. Both absolute density and basal area, from before (1997-2001) and after noticeable natural-enemy impact (2002-2005), were compared. Prior to the natural-enemy impact, absolute density of melaleuca trees declined primarily due to self-thinning and associated losses of small trees, but diameter at breast height increased, as did the basal area. Later during the period when natural enemies prevailed, absolute density declined at a significantly greater rate across all sections but was highest at the periphery. The decrease in mean absolute density and basal area/ha of melaleuca during the natural-enemy impacted period coincided with the increased incidence of the populations of plant-feeding insects and fungi. The mean diameter at breast height continued to increase in all sections of the stands throughout the study period. An increasing trend in basal area prior to natural-enemy impact was reversed after increase in natural-enemy abundance and noticeable impact in all three sections of the stands. These findings lend support to a growing body of literature that implicates natural enemies as increasingly important density-independent regulators of M. quinquenervia populations. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM minrav@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 192 IS 1 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9231-3 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 206SV UT WOS:000249204100010 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Veena Gelvin, SB AF Kim, Sang-Ic Veena Gelvin, Stanton B. TI Genome-wide analysis of Agrobacterium T-DNA integration sites in the Arabidopsis genome generated under non-selective conditions SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agrobacterium; Transgenic plants; T-DNA integration; selection bias; transcription; DNA methylation ID RNA-POLYMERASE-III; INSERTION MUTAGENESIS; TY5 RETROTRANSPOSON; SILENT CHROMATIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRD2 PROTEIN; THALIANA; TUMEFACIENS; SELECTION; PLANTS AB Previous work from numerous laboratories has suggested that integration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA into the plant genome occurs preferentially in promoter or transcriptionally active regions. However, all of these studies were conducted on plants recovered from selective conditions requiring the expression of transgenes. The conclusions of these studies may therefore have been biased because of the selection of transformants. In this study, we investigated T-DNA integration sites in the Arabidopsis genome by analyzing T-DNA/plant DNA junctions generated under non-selective conditions. We found a relatively high frequency of T-DNA insertions in heterochromatic regions, including centromeres, telomeres and rDNA repeats. These T-DNA insertion regions are disfavored under selective conditions. The frequency with which T-DNA insertions mapped to exon, intron, 5' upstream and 3' downstream regions closely resembled their respective proportions in the Arabidopsis genome. Transcriptional profiling indicated that expression levels of T-DNA pre-integration target sites recovered using selective conditions were significantly higher than those of random Arabidopsis sequences, whereas expression levels of genomic sequences targeted by T-DNA under non-selective conditions were similar to those of random Arabidopsis sequences. T-DNA target sites identified using non-selective conditions did not correlate with DNA methylation status, suggesting that T-DNA integration occurs without regard to DNA methylation. Our results indicate that T-DNA integration may occur more randomly than previously indicated, and that selection pressure may shift the recovery of T-DNA insertions into gene-rich or transcriptionally active regions of chromatin. C1 Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gelvin, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Crops Pathol Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gelvin@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu NR 56 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 779 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03183.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 209YO UT WOS:000249424100004 PM 17605756 ER PT J AU Mott, IW Wang, RRC AF Mott, Ivan W. Wang, Richard R. -C. TI Comparative transcriptome analysis of salt-tolerant wheat germplasm lines using wheat genome arrays SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salt tolerance; wheat; microarray; gene expression ID DISOMIC ADDITION LINES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; THINOPYRUM-JUNCEUM; RECOMBINANT LINES; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; DROUGHT AB Salt-tolerant wheat lines W4909 and W4910 were derived from a cross between AJDAJ5 (a disomic addition line carrying a pair of Eb chromosomes from Thinopyrum junceum) and Ph' (a line having the Ph' allele from Aegilops speltoides, which promotes homoeologous recombination). Both lines have greater salt tolerance than their parental lines, which are more salt-tolerant than the common wheat background, Chinese Spring (CS). Genomic constitution of W4909 and W4910 wheat has been estimated at 1.9% and 2.4% non-CS, respectively. AlTymetrix GeneChip (R) Wheat Arrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes in roots and leaves of the above-mentioned five lines under salt stress at electrical conductivity (EQ of 30 dS/m. Based on expression polymorphisms in AJDAJ5 and Ph', differentially expressed genes in W4909 and W4910 were attributed to one or the other parental lines when possible. The Ph' parent contributed nearly twice as many expression polymorphisms as AJDAJ5 to both W4909 and W4910. Nine transcripts in W4910 showed transgression gene expression significantly higher or lower than either parent. The majority of expression polymorphisms exhibited very low expression levels compared to the control and mapped to three distinct chromosomal locations, 2S, 4L and 2L. Salt treatment responsive gene expression profiles common to all five tested lines provide a short list of candidate salt-tolerance genes in wheat. A gene for tonoplast aquaporin that was transferred from Ph' and a gene for putative potassium channel protein that was attributable to AJDAj5 are identified as candidate genes for the tissue salt tolerance in W4909 and W4910. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ivan.mott@ars.usda.gov; richard.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 173 IS 3 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.plantsei.2007.06.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 202AN UT WOS:000248874000006 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Garnatje, T Hidalgo, O McArthur, ED Siljak-Yakovlev, S Valles, J AF Garcia, S. Garnatje, T. Hidalgo, O. McArthur, E. D. Siljak-Yakovlev, S. Valles, J. TI Extensive ribosomal DNA (18S-5.8S-26S and 5S) colocalization in the North American endemic sagebrushes (subgenus Tridentatae, Artemisia, Asteraceae) revealed by FISH SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE colocalization; compositae; diploidization; fluorochrome banding; fluorescent in situ hybridization; genome organization; nucleolar organizing regions ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SUBTRIBE ARTEMISIINAE; CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENUS ARTEMISIA; B-CHROMOSOMES; REPEAT UNITS; GENOME SIZE; RDNA AB Chromomycin A(3) banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) have been performed for six Artemisia species with special emphasis on subgenus Tridentatae. Morphometrical data on karyotype characters were calculated and idiograms with the position of GC-rich regions and 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S sites of ribosomal DNA were constructed. These sites were all colocalized. To our knowledge, this is the first time in the large family Asteraceae, indeed in angiosperms in general, that colocalization of the two rDNA regions studied is found at every single marked locus. In addition, transcriptionally active nucleolar organizer regions were detected after silver nitrate staining. Tridentatae is a cytogenetically homogeneous subgenus, which suggests that evolution of these species has not been coupled with important karyotypic reorganization. However, a few species are taxonomically difficult and show substantial differences. A loss of rDNA loci has been detected in a tetraploid taxon with respect to the diploids studied. These data provide clarifying insight into interspecific relationships between the studied taxa and overall evolutionary and systematic relationships of the Tridentatae. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, Barcelona, Spain. CSIC, ICUB, Inst Bot, Barcelona, Spain. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8079, Orsay, France. RP Garcia, S (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, Barcelona, Spain. EM soniagarcia@ub.edu RI Valles, Joan/B-4165-2013; Hidalgo, Oriane/F-5985-2013; Garcia, Sonia /M-7460-2013; Garnatje, Teresa/L-3028-2014 OI Garcia, Sonia /0000-0002-3143-0527; NR 60 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00606-007-0558-6 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 210MP UT WOS:000249460600007 ER PT J AU Luan, L Tu, SB Long, WB Wang, X Liu, YH Kong, FL He, T Yan, WG Yu, MQ AF Luan, L. Tu, S. B. Long, W. B. Wang, X. Liu, Y. H. Kong, F. L. He, T. Yan, W. G. Yu, M. Q. TI Cytogenetic studies on two F1 hybrids of autotetraploid rice varieties showing extremely high level of heterosis SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE autotetraploid rice; F1 hybrids; heterosis; meiosis; chromosome pairing; seed set ID CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; FERTILITY; BEHAVIOR; MEIOSIS; POLLEN AB Mechanisms of two F1 hybrids (D46A x DTP-4 and D46A x Dminghui63) of autotetraploid rice (2n = 4x = 48) showing extremely high pollen fertility 87.40% and 85.97%, respectively, seed set 82.00% and 79.00%, respectively and extremely high level of heterosis were analyzed cytologically. The chromosome pairing of D46A x DTP-4 and D46A x Dminghui63 was normal at metaphase I(MI), and had almost no I or III, with an average of 0.020I +14.36 II 6.44rod+7.91ring) +0.01III + 4.80 IV + 0.01VIII and 0.06 I + 17.67 II (11.01rod + 6.67ring)] + 0.06 III +3.10IV+0.01VI, respectively. The most frequent chromosome configurations were 10II+7IV and 12II+bIV. The bivalent frequency was less frequent in hybrids than that in restoring parents, and the same results were gained from univalents, trivalent and multivalents. However, the quadrivalent frequency was significantly higher in hybrids than that in restoring parents at MI. The other meiotic phases progressed normally, except for low percentages of PMCs with lagging chromosomes at AI and low percentages of PMCs with micronuclei at telophaseI (TI) and telophaseII (TII). PMCs with lagging chromosomes at AI and PMCs with micronuclei at TI and TII showed negative correlation between pollen fertility and seed set. Above 90% of the PMCs could form normal microspores, which resulted in the production of viable pollen grains, abnormal microspores were observed including penta-fission and hexa-fission. Based on these results we suggest that the two F1 hybrids had better behaviors of chromosome pairing and genetic stability than autotetraploid rice and other autotetraploid plants ever studied. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Dept Agr, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AK USA. RP Yu, MQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Dept Agr, PO Box 416, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM passy@126.com NR 31 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s00606-007-0577-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 210MP UT WOS:000249460600017 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Kim, MS Krishnamachari, V Payton, P Sun, Y Grimson, M Farag, MA Ryu, CM Allen, R Melo, IS Pare, PW AF Zhang, Huiming Kim, Mi-Seong Krishnamachari, Venkat Payton, Paxton Sun, Yan Grimson, Mark Farag, Mohamed A. Ryu, Choong-Min Allen, Randy Melo, Itamar S. Pare, Paul W. TI Rhizobacterial volatile emissions regulate auxin homeostasis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE auxin transport; Bacillus subtilus GB03; cell expansion; plant growth promotion; transcriptional profiling; rhizobacterial signaling ID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; PLANT-GROWTH; THALIANA; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; ACID; GENE AB Certain plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), in the absence of physical contact with a plant stimulate growth via volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, through largely unknown mechanisms. To probe how PGPR VOCs trigger growth in plants, RNA transcript levels of Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to Bacillus subtilus (strain GB03) were examined using oligonucleotide microarrays. In screening over 26,000 protein-coded transcripts, a group of approximately 600 differentially expressed genes related to cell wall modifications, primary and secondary metabolism, stress responses, hormone regulation and other expressed proteins were identified. Transcriptional and histochemical data indicate that VOCs from the PGPR strain GB03 trigger growth promotion in Arabidopsis by regulating auxin homeostasis. Specifically, gene expression for auxin synthesis was up regulated in aerial regions of GB03-exposed plants; auxin accumulation decreased in leaves and increased in roots with GB03 exposure as revealed in a transgenic DR5::GUS Arabidopsis line, suggesting activation of basipetal auxin transport. Application of the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) restricted auxin accumulation to sites of synthesis thereby preventing GB03-mediated decreases in shoot auxin levels as well as thwarting GB03-mediated growth promotion. In addition, microarray data revealed coordinated regulation of cell wall loosening enzymes that implicated cell expansion with GB03 exposure, which was confirmed by comparative cytological measurements. The discovery that bacterial VOCs, devoid of auxin or other known plant hormones regulate auxin homeostasis and cell expansion provides a new paradigm as to how rhizobacteria promote plant growth. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Korea Res Inst Biosci Biotech, Microbial Genom Lab, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EMBRAPA Meio Ambiente, BR-13820 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. RP Pare, PW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Paul.Pare@ttu.edu RI Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013; Melo, Itamar/I-8516-2012; Zhang, Huiming/G-9083-2015 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X; NR 59 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2007 VL 226 IS 4 BP 839 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0530-2 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 202MP UT WOS:000248906100004 PM 17497164 ER PT J AU Murray, KD Arotistein, KA Leon, JH AF Murray, K. Daniel Arotistein, Katherine A. de Leon, Jesse H. TI Analysis of pMA67, a predicted rolling-circle replicating, mobilizable, tetracycline-resistance plasmid from the honey bee pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Paenibacillus larvae; rolling-circle replication; plasmid; tetL; tetracycline; American foulbrood ID ANTISENSE RNA-II; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BACTERIAL PLASMIDS; PCRA HELICASE; DNA-SEQUENCE; COPY NUMBER AB This work characterizes a recently discovered natural tetracycline-resistance plasmid called pMA67 from Paenibacillus larvae-a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of honey bees. We provide evidence that pMA67 replicates by the rolling-circle mechanism, and sequence comparisons place it in the pMV 158 family of rolling-circle replicons. The plasmid contains predicted rep, cop, and rnaII genes for control of replication initiating at a predicted double-strand origin. The plasmid has an ssoT single-strand origin, which is efficient enough to allow only very small amounts of the single-stranded DNA intermediate to accumulate. The overall efficiency of replication is sufficient to render the plasmid segregationally stable without selection in P. larvae and in Bacillus megaterium, but not in Escherichia coli. The plasmid is expected to be mobilizable due to the presence of a mob gene and an oriT site. The plasmid contains a tetL gene, whose predicted amino acid sequence implies a relatively ancient divergence from all previously known plasmid-encoded tetL genes. We confirm that the tetL gene alone is sufficient for conferring resistance to tetracyclines. Sequence comparisons, mostly with the well-characterized pMV158, allow us to predict promoters, DNA and RNA secondary structures, DNA and protein motifs, and other elements. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtropical Agr Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtropical Agr Ctr, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Murray, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtropical Agr Ctr, Honey Bee Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM dmurray@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD SEP PY 2007 VL 58 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.02.001 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 208ZF UT WOS:000249357200001 PM 17363055 ER PT J AU Thom, C Gilley, DC Hooper, J Esch, HE AF Thom, Corinna Gilley, David C. Hooper, Judith Esch, Harald E. TI The scent of the waggle dance SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEE; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; PHEROMONE; DISCRIMINATION; ACETONITRILE; HYMENOPTERA; WORKERS; QUEENS; APIDAE AB The waggle dance of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) foragers communicates to nest mates the location of a profitable food source. We used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to show that waggle-dancing bees produce and release two alkanes, tricosane and pentacosane, and two alkenes, Z-(9)tricosene and Z-(9)-pentacosene, onto their abdomens and into the air. Nondancing foragers returning from the same food source produce these substances in only minute quantities. Injection of the scent significantly affects worker behavior by increasing the number of bees that exit the hive. The results of this study suggest that these compounds are semiochemicals involved in worker recruitment. By showing that honey bee waggle dancers produce and release behaviorally active chemicals, this study reveals a new dimension in the organization of honey bee foraging. C1 Univ Arizona, Arizona Res Labs, Div Neurobiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Gilley, DC (reprint author), William Paterson Univ New Jersey, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ USA. EM gilleyc@wpunj.edu NR 28 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1862 EP 1867 AR e228 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050228 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 211VV UT WOS:000249552300005 PM 17713987 ER PT J AU Conway, WS Janisiewicz, WJ Leverentz, B Saftner, RA Camp, MJ AF Conway, William S. Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. Leverentz, Britta Saftner, Robert A. Camp, Mary J. TI Control of blue mold of apple by combining controlled atmosphere, an antagonist mixture,, and sodium bicarbonate SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metschnikowia pulcherrima; Cryptococcus laurentii; postharvest biocontrol; integrated control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; CITRUS-FRUIT; HOT-WATER; GRAY MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; INTEGRATING HEAT; COLD-STORAGE; GREEN MOLD AB 'Golden Delicious' apples were wound-inoculated with Penicillium expansum and treated with various combinations of sodium bicarbonate and two antagonists (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus laurentii), and then stored in air or controlled atmosphere (CA = 1.4 kPa O-2 and 3 kPa CO,) for 2 or 4 months at 1 degrees C. The antagonists survived and their populations increased during both air and CA storage. The antagonists alone reduced blue mold but were more effective when combined. Sodium bicarbonate tended to reduce lesion size when used with these antagonist, either when they were used alone or combined. Storage under CA conditions also increased the effectiveness of both antagonist, when used alone or in combination. The only treatment that completely eliminated P expansum-incited decay was the combination of the two antagonists and sodium bicarbonate on fruit stored under CA conditions. The proper combination of alternative control measures can provide commercially acceptable long-term control of fruit decay and could help reduce our dependency on fungicides. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Henry A Wallace Betlsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA, ARS, Henry A Wallace Betlsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Conway, WS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Henry A Wallace Betlsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, B 002,Rm 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Conwayw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.03.005 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 206ND UT WOS:000249189300005 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Bloomfield, SA Hogan, HA Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, W. K. Donalson, L. M. Bloomfield, S. A. Hogan, H. A. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Molt performance and bone density of cortical, medullary, and cancellous bone in laying hens during feed restriction or alfalfa-based feed molt SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molt; peripheral quantitative computed tomography; alfalfa; cortical bone; medullary bone ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; MINERAL-CONTENT; CAGED LAYERS; LONG-TERM; ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; JAPANESE-QUAIL; DIETARY-SODIUM; EGG-PRODUCTION; FORCED MOLT AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on molting performance and bone qualities. A total of 36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for the study. There were 6 treatments: pretrial control (PC), fully fed (FF), feed withdrawal (FW), 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration (A90), 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration (A80), and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration (A70). For the PC treatment, hens were euthanized by CO) gas, and bones were collected before molt was initiated. At the end of the 9-d molt period, hens were euthanized, and femurs and tibias were collected to evaluate bone qualities by peripheral quantitative computed tomographv, mechanical testing, and conventional ash weights. The hens fed alfalfa-based molt diets and FW stopped laying eggs within 5 d after molt started, and all hens in these groups had reduced ovary weights compared with those of the FF hens. In the FW and A90 groups, total femur volumetric bone mineral densities (vBMD) at the midshaft were significantly lower, but those of the A80 and A70 groups were not significantly different from the values for the PC and FF hens. In cortical bone density, the midshaft tibial vBMD were significantly higher for FF and A70 hens than for PC hens. The medullary bone densities at the midshaft femur or tibia of the FW, A90, ASO, and A70 hens were reduced compared with those of the PC hens. Femur cancellous densities at the distal femur for the FW and A90 hens were significantly reduced compared with those of the PC and FF hens. The FW, ASO, and A70 hens yielded significantly higher elastic moduli, and the A80 hens had higher ultimate stress compared with the PC hens, suggesting that the mechanical integrity of the midshaft bone was maintained even though the medullary vBMD was reduced. These results suggest that alfalfa-based molt diets exhibit molt performance similar to FW, that medullary and cancellous bones are labile bone compartments during molting, and that alfalfa-based molt diets may be beneficial to maintain the mechanical properties of bones during molt. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 54 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1821 EP 1830 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 204BB UT WOS:000249016700003 PM 17704367 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LA Cheng, HW Garner, JP Pajor, EA Mench, JA AF Gustafson, L. A. Cheng, H.-W. Garner, J. P. Pajor, E. A. Mench, J. A. TI The effects of different bill-trimming methods on the well-being of pekin ducks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beak trimming; duck; pain; behavior; bill morphopathology ID PARTIAL BEAK AMPUTATION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; ANATOMICAL CONSEQUENCES; NEUROMA FORMATION; WEIGHT-GAIN; BEHAVIOR; CHICKENS; POULTRY; PULLETS; TURKEYS AB Pekin ducks are often bill-trimmed to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism, but this practice has been criticized because of the resulting potential for acute and chronic pain. The goal of this experiment was to compare 2 different bill-trimming methods, hot blade trimming,with cautery (TRIM) and cautery only (tip-searing; SEAR), on the behavior, bill morphology, and weight gain of Pekin ducks. Ducklings (n = 192, 96 per sex) were trimmed at the hatchery and assigned to 12 floor pens (3.66 x 0.91 in) by treatment. Behavior was evaluated by scan sampling, and plumage condition was scored using a 0 to 3 scoring system. Thirty-six ducks were randomly euthanized at 3 and 6 wk of age, and their bills were collected for examination. Following fixation and decalcification, the bills were embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned longitudinally. Alternate sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome for the connective tissues, and with Bielschowsky's silver impregnation, Bodian's staining, and Holmes' staining for the nerve fibers. Trimmed ducks engaged in fewer bill-related behaviors and rested more than untrimmed ducks (NOTRIM) during the first 2 wk posttrim. Ducks in the SEAR and NOTRIM groups showed similar patterns of weight gain, but those in the TRIM group had a lower rate of gain than ducks in the SEAR group during the first week posttrim and had a lower rate of gain than those in the NOTRIM group for 2 wk posttrim. Feather scores of ducks in the NOTRIM group were significantly worse than those in the TRIM or SEAR group by 18 d, and scores continued to deteriorate at a greater rate than those of trimmed ducks throughout the study. Both trimming methods caused connective tissue proliferation in the bill stumps, but the TRIM method caused thicker scar tissue than the SEAR method. No neuromas were found with either trimming method, but there were more nerve fibers in bill stumps of the SEAR ducks than the TRIM ducks. These results suggest that acute pain is associated with both trimming methods, but that SEAR may be a preferable method, causing less check in weight gain and fewer bill morphological changes while still being effective in minimizing feather pecking damage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mench, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jamench@ucdavis.edu RI Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1831 EP 1839 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 204BB UT WOS:000249016700004 PM 17704368 ER PT J AU Lovanh, N Cook, KL Rothrock, MJ Miles, DM Sistani, K AF Lovanh, N. Cook, K. L. Rothrock, M. J. Miles, D. M. Sistani, K. TI Spatial shifts in microbial population structure within poultry litter associated with physicochemical properties SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial diversity; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; poultry litter; principal component analysis ID CATTLE-SLURRY; WASTE-WATER; BACTERIA; MANURE; SOIL; MICROFLORA; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION AB Microbial populations within poultry litter have been largely ignored with the exception of potential human or livestock pathogens. A better understanding of the community structure and identity of the microbial populations within poultry litter could aid in the development of management practices that would reduce populations responsible for toxic air emissions and pathogen incidence. In this study, poultry litter air and physical properties were correlated to shifts in microbial community structure as analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and measured by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Litter samples were taken in a 36-points grid pattern at 5 m across and 12 m down a 146 m x 12.8 m chicken house. At each sample point, physical parameters such as litter moisture, pH, air and litter temperature, and relative humidity were recorded, and samples were taken for molecular analysis. The DGGE analysis showed that the banding pattern of samples from the back and water/feeder areas of poultry house were distinct from those of samples from other areas. There were distinct clusters of banding patterns corresponding to the front, middle front, middle back, back, and waterer /feeder areas. The PCA analysis showed similar cluster patterns, but with more distinct separation of the front and midhouse samples. The PCA analysis also showed that moisture content arid litter temperature (accounting for 51.5 and 31.5% of the separation of samples, respectively) play a major role in spatial diversity of microbial community in the poultry house. Based on analysis of DGGE fingerprints and cloned DGGE band sequences, there appear to be differences in the types of microorganisms over the length of the house, which correspond to differences in the physical properties of the litter. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lovanh, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM nlovanh@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1840 EP 1849 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 204BB UT WOS:000249016700005 PM 17704369 ER PT J AU Christensen, VL Havenstein, GB Ort, DT McMurtry, JP Nestor, KE AF Christensen, V. L. Havenstein, G. B. Ort, D. T. McMurtry, J. P. Nestor, K. E. TI Dam line and sire line effects on turkey embryo survival and thyroid hormone concentrations at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; embryo survival; thyroid; thyroxine; triiodothyronine ID LONG-TERM SELECTION; INCREASED EGG-PRODUCTION; BODY-WEIGHT; GROWTH-RATE; INHERITANCE; PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCTION; GENETICS; TRAITS; CHICK AB Inheritance of embryo thyroid function was measured in lines of turkeys. Two lines that had been selected for either increased egg production (E) or increased 16-wk BW (F) and their respective randombred controls (i.e., RBC1 and RBC2) were examined. Reciprocal crosses of dams and sires from each selected line and its randombred control were made to estimate sire line and dam line effects. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine if the differences found were due to the presence of additive, nonadditive, or maternal, sex-linked, or both, gene effects. With the data involved, sex-linkage and maternal effects could not be separated. Embryo survival was measured for all lines and their reciprocal crosses. Crossing the RBC1 sire and E dam also resulted in better embryo survival and lower death losses at pipping than for the other cross- or purelines. Reciprocal crosses of the F and RBC2 lines showed better total embryo survival, and they survived pipping better than the F or RBC2 purelines. Thyroxine T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentrations differed between the reciprocal crosses at external pipping, but the effects were inconsistent for the 2 data sets. Reciprocal tests indicated that maternal, sex-linked, or both, effects were present for T3 concentrations at internal pipping in the E and RBC1 lines and at external pipping for the F and RBC2 lines. Reciprocal effects were significant for T4 at internal pipping for both data sets. The RBC1 sire embryos had significantly higher T3:T4 ratios than the E line sire embryos at internal and external pipping, and the pureline RBC1 embryos had consistently higher ratios than the pureline E embryos. The differences for the T3:T4 ratios between these 2 lines at internal pipping, external pipping, and hatch appeared to be consistently additive in nature, although significant nonadditive or heterotic effects were present for the ratio at external pipping. Similar effects on the T3:T4 ratio were observed for the F and RBC2 lines at external pipping. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Christensen, VL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM vern_christensen@ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1861 EP 1872 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 204BB UT WOS:000249016700008 PM 17704372 ER PT J AU Emmerich, WE AF Emmerich, William E. TI Ecosystem water use efficiency in a semiarid shrubland and grassland community SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bowen ratio; carbon dioxide; evapotranspiration; EWUE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; BOWEN-RATIO; SOIL-WATER; VAPOR; VEGETATION; GRASSES; PRAIRIE; PULSES AB Ecosystem water use efficiency (EWUE) is defined as the net carbon uptake per amount of water lost from the ecosystem and is a useful measure of the functionality in semiarid shrub and grassland communities. C-4 grasses have higher water use efficiency (WUE) than do C-3 shrubs, although it has been postulated that C-4 plants have lost much of their advantage due to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The hypothesis was that C-4-grass-dominated ecosystems have a higher EWUE than C-3-shrub-dominated ecosystems under the present CO2 concentration and climatic variability. Evapotranspiration (ET) and CO2 fluxes were measured with Bowen ratio systems at a shrub and grass site for 6 years in southeastern Arizona. Two different methods were used to evaluate growing season EWUE using the ET and CO2 fluxes. The first method estimated a net daytime growing season E)WUE for the grass site at 1.74 g CO2 . mm(-1) ET and 1.28 g CO2 . mm(-1) ET at the shrub site. The second method estimated maximum EWUE during part of the growing season at 7.35 g CO2 . mm(-1) ET for the grass site and 4.68 g CO2 . mm(-1) ET for the shrub site, which was considered a significant difference at P = 0.056. Data variability of the first method precluded a statistical difference determination between sites, but the results indicated that the grass-dominated ecosystem was between 1.4 and 1.6 times more water use efficient than the shrub-dominated ecosystem. Mean annual growing season precipitation and ET were similar in the two ecosystems, but the higher EWUE of the grassland system enabled it to take up more carbon during the growing season than the shrub ecosystem. Ecosystem differences in CO2 and H2O flux have important management implications including primary productivity, C sequestration, and rangeland health. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Emmerich, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM bemmerich@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 25 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[464:EWUEIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600002 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Wiedmeier, RD Banks, JE AF Ralphs, Michael H. Wiedmeier, Randy D. Banks, Jeffrey E. TI Decreasing forage allowance can force cattle to graze broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) as a potential biological control SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE body condition; grazing pressure; nutrient supplement; poisonous plant ID PONDEROSA PINE; SHORT-DURATION; SAGEBRUSH; SHEEP; LAMBS; DIET; SHORTGRASS; ALLOCATION; VEGETATION; INTENSITY AB Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britt. & Rusby) increases and dominates rangelands following disturbances such as overgrazing, fire, and drought. However, if cattle can be forced to graze snakeweed, they can be used as a biological tool to control it. Grazing trials were conducted in May and August 2004, 2005, and 2006 on a crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) seeding that had been invaded by broom snakeweed. Narrow grazing lanes were fenced with temporary electric fence and the cows were moved to a new lane each day. Forage allowance was limited to 24%-75% of the intake requirement. There were significant negative correlations (P < 0.05) between forage allowance and snakeweed utilization, suggesting it was the main factor driving snakeweed consumption. In the 2004 experiment, 7 cows in low body condition (4.6 body condition score, BCS) and 7 cows in high body condition (6.8 BCS) were grazed in separate lanes. The low body condition group grazed more snakeweed in the evening grazing period (26% of bites) than the high body condition group (20% of bites, P = 0.03). In the 2005 experiment, one group (6 cows) received a protein/energy supplement high in bypass amino acids required for detoxification of terpenes; the second group received no supplement. There was no difference in snakeweed consumption between the supplement groups (P = 0.63). The major difference in diets in both years occurred in grazing periods during the day. Cows grazed perennial bunchgrasses first, then turned to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), and grazed snakeweed only when all other forage was depleted (20% of bites in the evening grazing periods). Cattle grazed 62%-95% of snakeweed plants and utilized 50%-85% of snakeweed biomass. Cattle can be forced to graze snakeweed by confining them to small areas and limiting alternative forage. Grazing reduced the snakeweed population. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ Extens, Nephi, UT 84648 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[487:DFACFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600005 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Miller, RF AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. Miller, Richard F. TI Short-term effects of burning Wyoming big sagebrush steppe in southeast Oregon SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artemisia tridentata subsp wyomingensis; cover; fire; prescribe burning; production; resource availability ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SOIL-MOISTURE; GRASS RANGE; GREAT-BASIN; WILDFIRE; ARTEMISIA; PATTERNS; IDAHO; DYNAMICS AB Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) plant communities of the Intermountain West have been greatly reduced from their historic range as a result of wildfire, agronomic practices, brush control treatments, and weed invasions. The impact of prescribed fall burning Wyoming big sagebrush has not been well quantified. Treatments were sagebrush removed with burning (burned) and sagebrush present (control). Treatments were applied to 0.4-ha plots at 6 sites. Biomass production, vegetation cover, perennial herbaceous vegetation diversity, soil water content, soil inorganic nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+), total soil nitrogen (N), total soil carbon (C), and soil organic matter (OM) were compared between treatments in the first 2 years postburn. In 2003 and 2004, total (shrub and herbaceous) aboveground annual biomass production was 2.3 and 1.2 times greater, respectively, in the control compared to the burned treatment. In the upper 15 cm of the soil profile, inorganic N concentrations were greater in the burned than control treatment, while soil water, at least in the spring, was greater in the control than burned treatment. Regardless, greater herbaceous aboveground annual production and cover in the burned treatment indicated that resources were more available to herbaceous vegetation in the burned than the control treatment. Exotic annual grasses did not increase with the burn treatment. Our results suggest in some instances that late seral Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities can be prescribed fall burned to increase livestock forage or alter wildlife habitat without exotic annual grass invasion in the first 2 years postburn. However, long-term evaluation at multiple sites across a larger area is needed to better quantify the effects of prescribed fall burning on these communities. Thus, caution is advised because of the value of Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities to wildlife and the threat of invasive plants. C1 USDA ARS, EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 45 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[515:SEOBWB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600008 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, D Booth, DT Cox, SE Ferrier, CE AF Blumenthal, Dana Booth, D. Terrence Cox, Samuel E. Ferrier, Cara E. TI Large-scale aerial images capture details of invasive plant populations SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dalmatian toadflax; Linaria dalmatica; lightweight aircraft; monitoring; remote sensing ID GROUND COVER; MANAGEMENT; PHOTOGRAPHY; WEEDS AB Satellite and high-altitude aerial remote sensing have been used to measure dense infestations of invasive weeds over very large areas but have limited resolution and cannot be used to detect sparsely distributed weeds. Ground-based methods have provided detailed measurements of invasive weeds but can measure only limited areas. Here we test a novel approach that uses a lightweight airplane, flying at 72 kin . h(-1) and 100-m altitude, to rapidly collect high-resolution images over relatively large areas. We obtained 1987 images, each representing 48.5 m(2) of mixed-grass prairie with 2-mm resolution (ground sample distance). From these images we were able to reliably measure small patches and even individual plants of the invasive forb Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica [L.] P. Mill.). Ground-based measurements of aboveground toadflax biomass were highly correlated (R-2 > 0.93) with point-intercept and visual-estimate cover measurements from aerial images. The time required to analyze images ranged from 4 to 45 seconds for presence/absence data and from 1 to 6 minutes for cover data. Toadflax was present in 795 of 1987 images but exceeded 1% cover in only 99 images. Given the observed variation among images in toadflax cover, at least 400 images were needed to precisely estimate the mean toadflax cover of 0.2%. These results suggest that such high-resolution aerial imagery could be used to obtain detailed measurements of many invasive weed populations. It may be most useful for identifying incipient weed infestations and expanding the scale at which population-level attributes of weed populations can be effectively measured. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. Raytheon Polar Serv, Centennial, CO USA. RP Blumenthal, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[523:LAICDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600009 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Seward, NW Lavelle, MJ Fischer, JW Phillips, GE AF VerCauteren, Kurt C. Seward, Nathan W. Lavelle, Michael J. Fischer, Justin W. Phillips, Gregory E. TI A fence design for excluding elk without impeding other wildlife SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aspen regeneration; Cervus elaphus; exclosure; herbivory; wildlife damage management ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; DEER; EFFICACY; ASPEN AB Concentrated herbivory by elk (Cervus elaphus) can degrade vegetative communities and alter ecosystem processes. Areas severely damaged by elk are commonly protected with woven wire fence, which can exclude other animals. Complete exclusion and prevention of large mammal herbivory might not always be necessary to restore vegetative communities. We designed and evaluated a simple fence that excluded elk, but maintained access for deer and other species. We enclosed a 1-ha stand of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) with our fence in an area with a high density of elk. We monitored effectiveness of the fence with trackplots, animal-activated cameras, and changes in aspen stem height and density. We documented only I elk within the exclosure in 2 years of monitoring. Mammals that used the exclosure included beaver (Castor canadensis), black bear (Ursus americanus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), deer (Odocoileus spp.), mountain lion (Puma concolor), raccoon (Procyon lotor), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and lagomorph (Leporidae). After I year of protection, mean aspen stem height increased 14.5 cm more inside the exclosure than outside, but stem density in the exclosure changed little compared to outside. Our fence design effectively excluded elk and has potential for protecting a variety of resources. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[529:AFDFEE]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600010 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Cully, JF Johnson, TL AF Augustine, David J. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Johnson, Tammi L. TI Influence of fire on black-tailed prairie dog colony expansion in shortgrass steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; grassland disturbance; prescribed burning; semiarid rangeland; wildfire ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BISON; HETEROGENEITY; DORMANT AB Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies are of interest to rangeland managers because of the significant influence prairie dogs can exert on both livestock and biodiversity. We examined the influence of 4 prescribed burns and one wildfire on the rate and direction of prairie dog colony expansion in shortgrass steppe of southeastern Colorado. Our study was conducted during 2 years with below-average precipitation, when prairie dog colonies were expanding throughout the study area. Under these dry conditions, the rate of black-tailed prairie dog colony expansion into burned grassland ((X) over bar = 2.6 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) . y(-1); range = 0.8-5.9 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1). y(-1); N = 5 colonies) was marginally greater than the expansion rate into unburned grassland ((X) over bar = 1.3 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) y(-1); range = 0.2-4.9 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) . y(-1); N = 23 colonies; P = 0.066). For 3 colonies that were burned on only a portion of their perimeter, we documented consistently high rates of expansion into the adjacent burned grassland (38%-42% of available burned habitat colonized) but variable expansion rates into the adjacent unburned grassland (2%-39% of available unburned habitat colonized). While our results provide evidence that burning can increase colony expansion rate even under conditions of low vegetative structure, this effect was minor at the scale of the overall colony complex because some unburned colonies were also able to expand at high rates. This result highlights the need to evaluate effects of fire on colony expansion during above-average rainfall years, when expansion into unburned grassland may be considerably lower. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Kansas State Univ, USGS BRD Kansas Cooperat Fish, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Ecol Infect Dis, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[538:IOFOBP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600012 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Stuedemann, J. A. TI Crop and cattle responses to tillage systems for integrated crop-livestock production in the Southern Piedmont, USA SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cattle production; conservation tillage; corn; cover cropping; pearl millet; rye; sorghum; wheat ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CROP/LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WHEAT PRODUCTION; WINTER-WHEAT; NITROGEN; SOIL; GRAIN; CORN; FERTILIZATION AB Integration of crops and livestock has the potential to provide a multitude of benefits to soil and water conservation and nutrient cycling efficiency, while reducing economic risk and increasing profitability. We conducted a field study from May 2002 to October 2005 to determine crop and cattle responses to three management factors on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia, USA. Summer grain/winter cover [sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) or corn. (Zea mays L.)/rye (Secale cereale L.)] and winter grain/summer cover [wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.)] were managed with either conventional tillage (CT) or no tillage (NT) and with or without cattle grazing of cover crops. All crops were successfully established, irrespective of tillage and cover crop management. Although pearl millet was often lower in the plant stand with NT than with CT, plants compensated with greater biomass on an area basis. Across years, grain yield of sorghum (1.9 Mg ha(-1) during three seasons) and corn (7.3 Mg ha(-1) in one season) was 25% greater under NT than, under CT when the cover crop was not grazed. Wheat grain yield (2.7 Mg ha(-1) during three seasons) was unaffected by tillage and cover crop management. Unharvested stover production of summer grain crops was greater with NT than with CT (6.5 versus 4.1 Mg ha(-1); P < 0.001). Grazing rye rather than allowing it to accumulate as surface residue reduced summer grain yield 23% and reduced standing grain-crop dry matter 26% under NT, but had no effect under CT. In contrast, grazing pearl millet rather than allowing it to accumulate as surface residue increased wheat standing dry matter yield by 25 +/- 14% (mean standard deviation among 3 years and two tillage systems). Ungrazed cover crop production was greater under NT than under CT for rye (7.0 versus 6.0 Mg ha(-1); P = 0.03) and pearl millet (10.2 versus 7.6 Mg ha(-1); P = 0.0 1). Calf daily gain was either greater or tended to be greater under NT than under CT on rye (2.27 versus 2.09 kg head(-1) d(-1); P = 0. 15) and pearl millet (2.05 versus 1.81 kg head(-1) d(-1); P = 0.05). Total cattle gain per grazing season was either greater or tended to be greater with NT than with CT on rye (350 versus 204 kg ha(-1); P = 0.0 1) and pearl millet (324 versus 277 kg ha(-1); P = 0. 15). Net return over variable costs was greater with grazing than without grazing of cover crops (US$302 versus - US$63 ha(-1); P < 0.001). Livestock grazing of cover crops had variable effects on subsequent crop production, but increased economic return and diversity overall. Therefore, an integrated crop-livestock production system with conservation tillage is recommended as a viable option for producers to diversify farming operations to avoid risk, improve ecological production of crops, and potentially avoid environmental damage from soil erosion and nutrient loss. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1017/S1742170507001706 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 210KD UT WOS:000249454200002 ER PT J AU Oros, CJ Doan, HM Adoum, DD MacDonald, RC AF Oros, Cheryl J. Doan, Henry M. Adoum, Djimel' D. MacDonald, Robert C. TI Portfolio review expert panel (PREP) process: a tool for accountability and strategic planning to meet research goals SO RESEARCH EVALUATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Evaluation-Association CY NOV 03, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Evaluat Assoc ID PROGRAMS AB Faced with increasing demands to demonstrate performance and accountability, federal agencies are required to provide convincing evidence that they are effective in managing and accounting for tax dollars used to address national concerns. Federal research and development endeavors, comprised of numerous programs and thousands of research projects, have faced a particularly daunting task in assessing their progress through evaluations and performance measures (Cozzens, 1977). This paper presents a portfolio assessment method developed particularly for program improvements that also responds to performance and accountability requirements. The method can be adapted by other government or non-government research entities that use expert scientific panels to review evidence of achievements as well as providing guidance for scientific endeavors. C1 USDA, CSREES, OPA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Clin Sci Res & Dev Serv 121, Washington, DC 20420 USA. RP Oros, CJ (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, OPA, 800 9th St, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM hdoan@crees.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE,, GUILDFORD GU1 2EP, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0958-2029 J9 RES EVALUAT JI Res. Evaluat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.3152/095820207X239436 PG 11 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 235DB UT WOS:000251212600003 ER PT J AU Lafon, CW Waldron, JD Cairns, DM Tchakerian, MD Coulson, RN Klepzig, KD AF Lafon, Charles W. Waldron, John D. Cairns, David M. Tchakerian, Maria D. Coulson, Robert N. Klepzig, Kier D. TI Modeling the effects of fire on the long-term dynamics and restoration of yellow pine and oak forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire; forest restoration; simulation; succession ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE MODEL; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; NORTHEASTERN CHINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK AB We used LANDIS, a model of forest disturbance and succession, to simulate successional dynamics of forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The simulated environments are based on the Great Smoky Mountains landscapes studied by Whittaker. We focused on the consequences of two contrasting disturbance regimes-fire exclusion versus frequent burning-for the Yellow pine (Pinus L., subgenus Diploxylon Koehne) and oak (Quercus L.) forests that occupy dry mountain slopes and ridgetops. These ecosystems are a conservation priority, and declines in their abundance have stimulated considerable interest in the use of fire for ecosystem restoration. Under fire exclusion, the abundance of Yellow pines is projected to decrease, even on the driest sites (ridgetops, south- and west-facing slopes). Hardwoods and White pine (P. strobus L.) replace the Yellow pines. In contrast, frequent burning promotes high levels of Table Mountain pine (P. pungens Lamb.) and Pitch pine (P. rigida Mill.) on the driest sites and reduces the abundance of less fire-tolerant species. Our simulations also imply that fire maintains open woodland conditions, rather than closed-canopy forest. For oaks, fire exclusion is beneficial on the driest sites because it permits oaks to replace the pines. On moister sites (north- and east-facing slopes), however, fire exclusion leads to a diverse mix of oaks and other species, whereas frequent burning favors Chestnut oak (Q. montana Willd.) and White oak (Q. alba L.) dominance. Our results suggest that reintroducing fire may help restore decadent pine and oak stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ W Florida, Dept Environm Studies, Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Lafon, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM clafon@geog.tamu.edu RI Cairns, David/F-3395-2014 OI Cairns, David/0000-0003-4110-196X NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 400 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00236.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000007 ER PT J AU Cole, DN AF Cole, David N. TI Seedling establishment and survival on restored campsites in subalpine forest SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compost; recreation impacts; scarification; seeding; soil amendments ID NATIONAL-PARK; RESTORATION; REVEGETATION; WILDERNESS AB This study experimented with common restoration techniques (scarification, soil amendments, mulch, and seeding) on six closed wilderness campsites in subalpine forests in Oregon. Effectiveness in encouraging seedling establishment, growth, and survival was assessed every year for the first 7 years following treatment. Closure and restoration of the campsites increased the density of plants established from seed. Despite an original density of virtually zero, mean density of perennial plants was 55 plants/m(2) 7 years after closure. All the treatments, with the exception of the biodegradable mulch mat, increased plant density. Seven years after treatment, seeding had increased plant density 5-fold, whereas scarification and soil amendments (organic matter, compost, and soil inoculum) had each increased density 3-fold. The organic and compost amendments also had the positive benefit of increasing growth rates and shortening the time-to-reproductive maturity. Results suggest that restoration of the herbaceous cover on these campsites can occur rapidly using the techniques employed. All but one of the species we seeded established in substantial quantities and survived at densities exceeding their density in the naturally sparse herbaceous cover on these sites. Thirty-six perennial species volunteered on these sites. The remaining challenge is reestablishment of the shrub species that comprise much of the ground cover in these forests. These species seldom establish from seed. C1 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 E Beckwith St, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dcole@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00239.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000010 ER PT J AU Rentch, JS Schuler, TM Ford, WM Nowacki, GJ AF Rentch, James S. Schuler, Thomas M. Ford, W. Mark Nowacki, Gregory J. TI Red spruce stand dynamics, simulations, and restoration opportunities in the central Appalachians SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural disturbance regime; natural regeneration; northern hardwood forests; tree release ID GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS-FUSCUS; MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; WEST-VIRGINIA; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; RADIAL-GROWTH; TREE GROWTH; FIR FORESTS; ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION; AMERICA AB Red spruce (Picea rubens)-dominated forests occupied as much as 600,000 ha in West Virginia prior to exploitive logging era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Subsequently, much of this forest type was converted to northern hardwoods. As an important habitat type for a number of rare or sensitive species, only about 12,000 ha of red spruce forests presently remain in the state. In order to assess the prospects for restoration, we examined six northern hardwood stands containing understory red spruce to (1) characterize stand dynamics and regeneration patterns and (2) simulate the effectiveness of restoration silviculture to enhance red spruce overstory recruitment. Stands originated in the late 1800s to early 1900s and are currently in the (late) stem exclusion or understory reinitiation stages. Five of the six stands had even-aged overstories that originated after clear-cutting. Tree-ring chronologies show high initial growth rates consistent with stand initiation. One stand, partially harvested in 1915, was uneven aged with older, legacy residuals in the canopy. Most stands had two cohorts of understory red spruce, with more than 40% of these individuals showing prior release. Our 100-year growth simulation suggested that a 50% basal area thinning from above could double red spruce basal area to support a mixed spruce-hardwood stand in approximately 20-40 years. These results indicate that restoration silviculture could be an effective tool for increasing the amount and quality of this reduced forest type in the central Appalachians. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. RP Rentch, JS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jrentch2@wvu.edu NR 73 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 440 EP 452 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00240.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000011 ER PT J AU Wheeler, EA Wiemann, MC Fleagle, JG AF Wheeler, E. A. Wiemann, M. C. Fleagle, J. G. TI Woods from the Miocene Bakate Formation, Ethiopia Anatomical characteristics, estimates of original specific gravity and ecological inferences SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fossil wood; Ethiopia; specific gravity; miocene; Bakate Formation ID 2 TROPICAL FORESTS; DENSITY; TREES; IDENTIFICATION; MEXICO; TRENDS; KENYA; BULUK AB An assemblage of permineralized woods from the Miocene Bakate Formation, Fejej Plain, Ethiopia, is described. This assemblage of twelve wood types differs from other Miocene wood assemblages known from Ethiopia. Cell wall percentages of the woods were determined to estimate the original specific gravities of the woods in order to better understand the Miocene vegetation and environment of Fejej. The relatively high specific gravities (0.63 to 0.82) and numerous and narrow vessels of these Miocene woods are characteristics of dry deciduous forests or woodlands. The affinities of some of the Fejej woods could not be determined because critical diagnostic features could not be determined, but others have characteristics seen in the Sapotaceae, Leguminosae, Combretaceae, and Bignoniaceae (a ring porous wood). None of the families represented by a fruit and seed assemblage from Fejej are represented in the wood assemblage. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wheeler, EA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eisabeth_wheeler@ncsu.edu; mwiemann@fs.fed.us; john.fleagle@stonybrook.edu NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.04.002 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 220SH UT WOS:000250177100010 ER PT J AU Tovar-Luna, I Goetsch, AL Puchala, R Sahju, T Carstens, GE Freetly, HC Johnson, ZB AF Tovar-Luna, I. Goetsch, A. L. Puchala, R. Sahju, T. Carstens, G. E. Freetly, H. C. Johnson, Z. B. TI Effects of diet quality on energy expenditure by 20-month-old Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish wethers SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; energy; genotype; diet ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; GOATS; MAINTENANCE; REQUIREMENTS; PREDICTION; RUMINANTS; GROWTH; CATTLE; GAIN AB Six Alpine (47.7 +/- 1.36 kg initial BW), Angora (28.8 +/- 1.11 kg), Boer (87.5% Boer and 12.5% Spanish; 49.3 +/- 2.17 kg), and Spanish (38.7 +/- 0.51 kg) wethers (initial age of 19 months) were used to determine effects of genotype and diet quality on energy expenditure (EE) when fed near maintenance and fasted. The experiment consisted of four simultaneous crossovers, with 21 days for adaptation before measures. Diets were 65% concentrate (CON) or coarsely ground alfalfa hay (FOR). EE was determined from 02 consumption and production Of CO2 and CH4 with a head-box respiration calorimetry system, along with urinary N excretion, over 2-day periods in fed and fasted states (4 days fast). EE was expressed on the basis of average BW during the fasted measurement period. There were only significant interactions between genotype and diet in DM and gross energy intakes, which were due to differences in magnitude. Intake of ME was similar among genotypes and slightly greater (P < 0.05) for CON than for FOR (450 kJ/kg versus 424 kJ/kg BW0.75). Neither diet (373 and 371 kJ/kg BW0.75 for CON and FOR, respectively; S.E. = 5.9) nor genotype (377, 377, 361, and 373 kJ/kg BW0.75 by Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish, respectively; S.E. = 9.3) influenced fed EE (P > 0.10). Fasted EE was similar between diets but was greatest among genotypes (P < 0.05) for Alpine (251, 224, 217, and 225 kJ/kg BW0.75 by Alpine, Angora, Boer, and Spanish, respectively; S.E. = 7.2). In summary, based on fasting measures, it would not appear that dairy goat breeds, such as Alpine can minimize EE to the extent of other genotypes in response to very severe nutrient restriction, such as fasting. With mature, nonlactating goats and a level of feed intake near the ME, assumed for a constant and nonlimiting plane of nutrition, ME, may not differ markedly among genotypes. Although, higher levels of intake to support growth, milk production, or fiber growth could conceivably elicit differences among goat genotypes in MEm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res Agr Teaching Exte, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res Agr Teaching Exte, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.07.015 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 205IB UT WOS:000249106100003 ER PT J AU Tovar-Luna, I Goetsch, AL Puchala, R Sahlu, T Carstens, GE Freetly, HC Johnson, ZB AF Tovar-Luna, I. Goetsch, A. L. Puchala, R. Sahlu, T. Carstens, G. E. Freetly, H. C. Johnson, Z. B. TI Effects of moderate feed restriction on energy expenditure by 2-year-old crossbred Boer goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; energy; feed intake ID CONTROLLED GROWTH-RATE; VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; HEAT-PRODUCTION; FUTURE-RESEARCH; REQUIREMENTS; MAINTENANCE; RUMINANTS; BEDOUIN; PROTEIN; LAMBS AB Fourteen Boer (75%) x Spanish wether goats (51 +/- 1.8 kg BW and 23 months of age) were used to determine effects of a moderate degree of nutrient restriction on heat production or energy expenditure (EE). The experiment consisted of a 26-day period (P 1) followed by one of 50 days (P2). Wethers were fasted on the final 4 days of each period, with gas exchange measured on the last 2 days. Fasting was preceded by collection of feces and urine for 7 days, with the final 2 days for gas exchange. All wethers were fed a 65% concentrate diet at a level of intake near maintenance in P1 (P1-100 and P1-80 treatments). In P2, six wethers continued on this level of intake (P2-100 treatment); eight wethers also were fed at this level for 15 days but then had ME intake sequentially reduced by approximately 10 and 20% for 10 and 21 days, respectively (P2-80 treatment). This schedule was chosen because of a similar one used in a separate experiment to compare different goat genotypes and diet nutritive values. Intake of ME was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (529, 535, 552, and 474 kJ/kg B W-0.75 (fasted) for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). Fed ISE was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (495, 505, 467, and 406 kJ/kg BW0.75), whereas EE while fasting was similar among treatments (287, 279, 273, and 253 kJ/kg BW0.75 for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). The ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) was greater (P < 0.05) in PI than P2 (477,487, 42 1, and 376 kJ/kg BW0.75 for P1-100, P1-80,P2-100, and P2-80, respectively), and when P2 data were analyzed separately MEm, was lower (P < 0.10; 374 kJ/kg BW0.75 versus 425 kJ/kg BW0.75) and the efficiency of ME use for maintenance was greater (P < 0.08) for P2-80 than for P2-100 (0.689 versus 0.625). In conclusion, moderate feed intake restriction impacted EE and ME, by mature meat goats largely via decreasing EE that is responsive to nutrient intake rather than EE of basal metabolism when fasting. 0 2006 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.07.016 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 205IB UT WOS:000249106100004 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Leavitt, SW Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Ottmane, MJ Matthias, A Wall, GW Brooks, T Williams, DG Thompson, TL AF Cheng, L. Leavitt, S. W. Kimball, B. A. Pinter, P. J., Jr. Ottmane, M. J. Matthias, A. Wall, G. W. Brooks, T. Williams, D. G. Thompson, T. L. TI Dynamics of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon pools in a sorghum free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) agroecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; delta C-13; soil recalcitrant and labile carbon pools; SOC dynamics; mean residence time; sorghum FACE ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-USE; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROLYSIS; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; DIOXIDE AB Experimentation with dynamics of soil carbon pools as affected by elevated CO2 can better define the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester global carbon. In the present study, 6 N HCl hydrolysis and stable-carbon isotopic analysis (delta C-13) were used to investigate labile and recalcitrant soil carbon pools and the translocation among these pools of sorghum residues isotopically labeled in the 1998-1999 Arizona Maricopa free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, in which elevated CO2 (FACE: 560 mu mol mol(-1)) and ambient CO2 (Control: 360 mu mol mol(-1)) interact with water-adequate (wet) and water-deficient (dry) treatments. We found that on average 53% of the final soil organic carbon (SOC) in the FACE plot was in the recalcitrant carbon pool and 47% in the labile pool, whereas in the Control plot 46% and 54% of carbon were in recalcitrant and labile pools, respectively, indicating that elevated CO2 transferred more SOC into the slow-decay carbon pool. Also, isotopic mixing models revealed that increased new sorghum residue input to the recalcitrant pool mainly accounts for this change, especially for the upper soil horizon (0-30 cm) where new carbon in recalcitrant soil pools of FACE wet and dry treatments was 1.7 and 2.8 times as large as that in respective Control recalcitrant pools. Similarly, old C in the recalcitrant pool under elevated CO2 was higher than that under ambient CO2, indicating that elevated CO2 reduces the decay of the old C in recalcitrant pool. Mean residence time (MRT) of bulk soil carbon at the depth of 0-30cm was significantly longer in FACE plot than Control plot by the averages of 12 and 13 yr under the dry and wet conditions, respectively. The MRT was positively correlated to the ratio of carbon content in the recalcitrant pool to total SOC and negatively correlated to the ratio of carbon content in the labile pool to total SOC. Influence of water alone on the bulk SOC or the labile and recalcitrant pools was not significant. However, water stress interacting with CO2 enhanced the shift of the carbon from labile pool to recalcitrant pool. Our results imply that terrestrial agroecosystems may play a critical role in sequestrating atmospheric CO2 and mitigating harmful CO2 under future atmospheric conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM lcheng@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 61 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2250 EP 2263 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.031 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 191AP UT WOS:000248102500006 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Cheng, WX AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Cheng, Weixin TI Moisture modulates rhizosphere effects on C decomposition in two different soil types SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE continuous C-13 labeling; decomposition; diffusion; plant species; priming; rhizosphere effects; root exudates; soil moisture; soil organic matter; soil texture ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; LIVING ROOTS; ELEVATED CO2; PLANT-ROOTS; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; COMPETITION AB While it is well known that soil moisture directly affects microbial activity and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, it is unclear if the presence of plants alters these effects through rhizosphere processes. We studied soil moisture effects on SOM decomposition with and without sunflower and soybean. Plants were grown in two different soil types with soil moisture contents of 45% and 85% of field capacity in a greenhouse experiment. We continuously labeled plants with depleted C-13, which allowed us to separate plant-derived CO2-C from original soil-derived CO2-C in soil respiration measurements. We observed an overall increase in soil-derived CO2-C efflux in the presence of plants (priming effect) in both soils. On average a greater priming effect was found in the high soil moisture treatment (up to 76% increase in soil-derived CO2-C compared to control) than in the low soil moisture treatment (up to 52% increase). Greater plant-derived CO2-C and plant biomass in the high soil moisture treatment contributed to greater priming effects, but priming effects remained significantly higher in the high moisture treatment than in the low moisture treatment after correcting for the effects of plant-derived CO2-C and plant biomass. The response to soil moisture particularly occurred in the sandy loam soil by the end of the experiment. Possibly, production of root exudates increased with increased soil moisture content. Root exudation of labile C may also have become more effective in stimulating microbial decomposition in the higher soil moisture treatment and sandy loam soil. Our results indicate that moisture conditions significantly modulate rhizosphere effects on SOM decomposition. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; Cheng, Weixin/F-4968-2011; OI Cheng, Weixin/0000-0003-2964-2376; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2264 EP 2274 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.026 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 191AP UT WOS:000248102500007 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP McKenna, LF Lakshman, DK Meyer, SLF Kong, H de Souza, JT Lydon, J Baker, CJ Buyer, JS Chung, S AF Roberts, D. P. McKenna, L. F. Lakshman, D. K. Meyer, S. L. F. Kong, H. de Souza, J. T. Lydon, J. Baker, C. J. Buyer, J. S. Chung, S. TI Suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum with live cells and extracts of Serratia marcescens N4-5 SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cucumber; damping-off; Meloidogyne incognita; prodigiosin; Pythium ultimurn; seed treatments; Serratia marcescens ID PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; BROAD-SPECTRUM; PRODIGIOSIN; BIOCONTROL; STRAIN AB Environmentally friendly control measures are needed for the soil-borne pathogen, Pythium ultimum. This pathogen can cause severe losses to field- and greenhouse-grown cucumber and other cucurbits. Live cells and ethanol extracts of cultures of the bacterium Serratia marcescens N4-5 provided significant suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum when applied as a seed treatment. Live cells of this bacterium also suppressed damping-off caused by P. ultimum on cantaloupe, muskmelon, and pumpkin. Culture filtrates from strain N4-5 contained chitinase and protease activities while ethanol extracts contained the antibiotic prodigiosin, the surfactant serrawettin W1, and possibly other unidentified surfactants. Production of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1 was temperature-dependent, both compounds being detected in extracts from N4-5 grown at 28 degrees C but not in extracts from N4-5 grown at 37 degrees C. Ethanol extracts from strain N4-5 grown at 28 degrees C inhibited germination of sporangia and mycelial growth by P. ultimum in in vitro experiments. There was no in vitro inhibition of P. ultimum associated with ethanol extracts of strain N4-5 grown at 37 degrees C. Prodigiosin, purified from two consecutive thin-layer chromatography runs using different solvent systems, inhibited germination of sporangia and mycelial growth of P. ultimum. Another unidentified compound(s) also inhibited germination of sporangia but did not inhibit mycelial growth. There was no in vitro inhibition associated with serrawettin W1. These results demonstrate that live cells and cell-free extracts of S. marcescens N4-5 are effective for suppression of damping-off of cucumber caused by P. ultimum possibly due in part to the production of the antibiotic prodigiosin. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, CBER, Lab Methods Dev, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, BR-44380000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Labs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Appl Microbiol, Gyeongbuk 712749, South Korea. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, Lab Methods Dev, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2275 EP 2288 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.029 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 191AP UT WOS:000248102500008 ER PT J AU Liu, XJJ Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Reule, CA Zhang, FS AF Liu, Xuejun J. Mosier, Arvin R. Halvorson, Ardell D. Reule, Curtis A. Zhang, Fusuo S. TI Dinitrogen and N2O emissions in arable soils: Effect of tillage, N source and soil moisture SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE no-till; WFPS; (SN)-S-15-labeled fertilizer; denitrification; nitrification; nitrous oxide emission ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; FILLED PORE-SPACE; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; FIELD; FLUXES AB A laboratory investigation was performed to compare the fluxes of dinitrogen (N-2), N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) from no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) soils under the same water, mineral nitrogen and temperature status. Intact soil cores (0-10 cm) were incubated for 2 weeks at 25 degrees C at either 75% or 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS) with N-15-labeled fertilizers (100 mg N kg(-1) soil). Gas and soil samples were collected at 1-4 day intervals during the incubation period. The N2O and CO2 fluxes were measured by a gas chromatography (GC) system while total N-2 and N2O losses and their N-15 mole fractions in the soil mineral N pool were determined by a mass spectrometer. The daily accumulative fluxes of N-2 and N2O were significantly affected by tillage, N source and soil moisture. We observed higher (P < 0.05) fluxes of N-2+N2O, N2O and CO2 from the NT soils than from the CT soils. Compared with the addition of nitrate (NOD, the addition of ammonium (NH4+) enhanced the emissions of these N and C gases in the CT and NT soils, but the effect of NH4+ on the N-2 and/or N2O fluxes was evident only at 60% WFPS, indicating that nitrification and subsequent denitrification contributed largely to the gaseous N losses and N2O emission under the lower moisture condition. Total and fertilizer-induced emissions of N-2 and/or N2O were higher (P < 0.05) at 75% WFPS than with 60% WFPS, while CO2 fluxes were not influenced by the two moisture levels. These laboratory results indicate that there is greater potential for N2O loss from NT soils than CT soils. Avoiding wet soil conditions (> 60% WFPS) and applying a NO3 form of N fertilizer would reduce potential N2O emissions from arable soils. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Liu, XJJ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM xuejun.13500@gmail.com RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 36 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 11 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2362 EP 2370 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.008 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 191AP UT WOS:000248102500015 ER PT J AU Magrini, KA Follett, RF Kimble, J Davis, MF Pruessner, E AF Magrini, Kimberly Ann Follett, Ronald F. Kimble, Jokn Davis, Mark F. Pruessner, Elizabeth TI Using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry to characterize soil organic carbon in native prairie soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rapid soil organic carbon analysis; soil organic carbon chemistry; pyrolysis; molecular beam mass spectrometry ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PY-MBMS; MATTER; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; BACTERIA; FOREST; ACID AB The goal of this study was to test if analytical pyrolysis coupled with molecular beam mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analyses could provide a rapid and accurate methodology to identify and quantify soil carbon fractions and understand the fundamental chemistry that distinguishes these fractions. We analyzed soil organic carbon (SOC) contained in well-characterized agricultural soils with pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) and then determined correlations between the mass spectra and associated soil characterization data. Both soil carbon chemistry and the organic forms in which SOC is sequestered (soil microbial biomass (SMBC), particulate organic matter carbon (POM C), and mineral-associated carbon (Cmin C)) were assessed by multivariate statistical analyses to discover existing correlations and if they could be developed into estimative models. The sample set consisted of well-characterized soils collected from native prairie sites in the western U.S. Corn Belt and Great Plains: 11 sites located within 8 midwestern states (CO, NE, IA, ND, MT, TX, MO, and MN). Sample characterization parameters included site, depth, %SOC, POM C, Cmin C, SMBC, and SOC calendar age (determined from 14C age). Correlations were found for samples collected across this large geographic region (at or greater than 0.90) for SOC, POM C, Cmin C, and SMBC. Soil organic carbon calendar age derived from radiocarbon-14 dating could be estimated for ustollic soils from MT, NE, and CO. These soils also contained deeper and younger eolian layers, whose ages were correctly estimated with this technique. The Py-MBMS analysis additionally showed that soils developed from water-sorted sediments on a tilled-floor lake plain (lacustrine soils) were significantly different from the other samples. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NSSC Survey Ctr, USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Magrini, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kim_magrini@nrel.gov OI davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 659 EP 672 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e3180d0a3a5 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 210NU UT WOS:000249463700001 ER PT J AU Green, VS Dao, TH Stone, G Cavigelli, MA Baumhardt, RL Devine, TE AF Green, V. S. Dao, T. H. Stone, G. Cavigelli, M. A. Baumhardt, R. L. Devine, T. E. TI Bioactive phosphorus loss in simulated runoff from a phosphorus-enriched soil under two forage management systems SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; bioactive P; enzyme-labile P; organic P; phytase-hydrolyzable P; phosphate; phytate; runoff; lognormal distribution; forage-type soybean; forage management; manure ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; MANURE; EXTRACTABILITY; MEHLICH-3; RAINFALL; RELEASE AB Although runoff from phosphorus (P)-enriched soils contains more P than the functionally defined molybdate-reactive P, information on the biological significance of the remaining fraction is limited. A study was conducted to characterize distributions of inorganic and enzyme-labile P forms in simulated runoff from a silt loam soil (Typic Hapludults) under orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.)-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and no-till forage-type soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems after the fall harvest. Forage management effects on runoff composition and on relationships between soil water-extractable P (WEP) in runoff and bioactive P pools were determined after eight annual manure applications. Concentration and mass distributions of P forms in runoff over time were lognormally distributed, and four parameters defined the distributions' amplitude and asymmetry. The more inclusive total bioactive P (EDTA-PHP) fraction was found in greater concentration and mass than WEP. Peak concentrations and mass loads were greater from soil amended with manure P than untreated soil and from soil under orchard grass-clover than soil under soybean-wheat rotation. The strength of correlations between predicted WEP mass loads and soil P pools was in the order EDTA-PHP > ligand-exchangeable inorganic P > Mehlich-3P, suggesting that runoff P forms were directly associated with soil available P fractions that were partly derived from enzyme-mediated processes. The results also suggested that knowledge of the P release pattern was as important a factor as mass load because management intensity and yield potentials of these forage systems can alter the characteristics of the loss process. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, SASL, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, CPRL, Bushland, TX USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC, E Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thank.dao@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 721 EP 732 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31809eda32 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 210NU UT WOS:000249463700005 ER PT J AU Pereira, TR Laird, DA Johnston, CT Teppen, BJ Li, H Boyd, SA AF Pereira, Tanya R. Laird, David A. Johnston, Cliff T. Teppen, Brian J. Li, Hui Boyd, Stephen A. TI Mechanism of dinitrophend herbicide sorption by smectites in aqueous suspensions at varying pH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLAY-MINERALS; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES; HYDRATION; CHARGE; WATER AB The compound 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is an important pesticide that is strongly adsorbed by smectite clays. Because DNOC is a weak acid with an acid dissociation constant (pK(a)) of about 4.4, pH was hypothesized to be a dominant state variable controlling sorption. In this study, we quantified the effect of pH, saturating cation (K+ and Ca2+), and freeze-drying on adsorption of DNOC by two reference smectites with different charge densities (SWy-2 and SAz-1) in dilute aqueous suspensions. The smectite-DNOC systems were adjusted from pH 3 to 7. Nearly 100% of added DNOC was adsorbed by K+-saturated SWy-2 at pH 3, and sorption decreased with increasing pH to 62% at pH 7. Sorption of DNOC on K'-saturated SAz-1 decreased from 94% at pH 3 to 31% at pH 7. Suspended Ca2+ -saturated SWy-2 adsorbed 82% of added DNOC at pH 3 but sorption decreased to 18% for pH 4 and above. Across the entire pH range, Ca2+ -saturated SAz-1 sorbed about 12% of added DNOC. Slightly larger amounts of DNOC were adsorbed by the "never dried" (not freeze-dried) smectites compared with the freeze-dried and rehydrated smectites. Analysis of supernatants from the K+ -saturated SAz-1-DNOC systems indicated co-adsorption of K with DNOC in the phenolate form at pH values above the pKa of DNOC. At lower pH values, DNOC adsorption and complexation with interlayer K+ resulted in less K+ exchange by H+ compared with the control without DNOC. These mechanisms explain the minimal influence of pH on the adsorption of DNOC by the K+-saturated smectites. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1481 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0250 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 206HK UT WOS:000249174300008 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Li, YC Alva, AK AF Liu, G. D. Li, Y. C. Alva, A. K. TI Temperature quotients of ammonia emission of different nitrogen sources applied to four agricultural soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALCAREOUS SOILS; SURFACE APPLICATIONS; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; WATER CONTENT; VOLATILIZATION AB Emission of N as NH3 is the primary gaseous loss of N from N sources applied to soils. Knowledge of NH3 volatilization, however, in relation to temperature is incomplete. Soils used in this study were a Biscayne marl soil (BMS) and Krome gravelly loam (KGL) from Florida, and Quincy fine sand (QFS) and Warden silt loam (WSL) soils from Washington. These soils were amended with either KNO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)(2)SO4,or urea, and incubated at 11, 20, or 29 degrees C under 20 or 80% field capacity (FC) soil water regimes. A change in the rate of NH3 emission corresponding to a 9 degrees C change in temperature is expressed as the temperature quotient (Q(9)), which describes the temperature effect on rates of NH3 volatilization. At 20 degrees C, the cumulative NH3 emission at 20% FC was up to 8.1-fold greater than that at 80% FC. The Q9 values of NH3 emission from the WSL soil were up to 10-fold greater than those from the other three soils amended with either (NH4)2SO4 or NH4NO3. The Arrhenius activation energy (E) was about 188 J mol(-1) for the WSL soil but >= 42 J mol(-1) for the other soils. Volatilization from the WSL soil was highly temperature dependent. These results indicate that Q9 and E could be used as indices for N management for crop production to minimize NH3 emissions. Further research is needed, however, to verify the above relationships across a wide range of soils and agroclimatic regions. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM yunli@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1482 EP 1489 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0221 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 206HK UT WOS:000249174300009 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Todd, DE Trettin, CF Sedinger, JS AF Johnson, D. W. Todd, D. E., Jr. Trettin, C. F. Sedinger, J. S. TI Soil carbon and nitrogen changes in forests of walker branch watershed, 1972 to 2004 SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIXED OAK FOREST; NUTRIENT; STORAGE; PLANTATION; MANAGEMENT; TENNESSEE; BUDGETS; PERIOD; POOLS; CYCLE AB Changes in soil C and N concentrations and contents in four samplings during a 32-yr period on Walker Branch watershed in Tennessee were determined and compared with previously measured C and N fluxes and with changes in ecosystem C and N pools during this period. Soils showed significant increases in C and N concentrations in surface horizons from 1972 to 2004, and most of this increase occurred between 1972 and 1982. A previously observed decline in soil C and N contents between 1982 and 1993 was reversed in 2004 such that the latter increased to near 1982 values. The changes in soil C content could be approximately accounted for by previously measured litterfall and soil CO2-C fluxes. Changes in soil N could not be accounted for by leaching, increments in vegetation, or by laboratory bias, changes during sample storage, or reasonable estimates of field sampling errors. We conclude that, although vegetation C and N pools increased steadily during the sampling period in most cases, changes in soil C and N pools on Walker Branch watershed are highly variable in both space and time, and there has been no unidirectional trend during the time period of this study. C1 Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environmm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Charleston, SC 29141 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Fleischmann Agr Bldg 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1646 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0365 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 206HK UT WOS:000249174300029 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Warnemuende, EA Huang, C Heathman, GC AF Smith, D. R. Warnemuende, E. A. Huang, C. Heathman, G. C. TI How does the first year tilling a long-term no-tillage field impact soluble nutrient losses in runoff? SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nutrients; no-tillage; rotational tillage; fertilizer ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; SURFACE RUNOFF; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CORN; SYSTEMS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; FERTILIZER AB Conservation tillage practices are commonly used to reduce erosion; however, in fields that have been in no-tillage (NT) for long periods, compaction from traffic can restrict infiltration. Rotational tillage (RT) is a common practice that producers use in the central com-belt of the United States, and could potentially reduce soluble nutrient loads to surface waters. The objectives of this study were to determine the first year impacts of converting from long-term NT to (RT) on N and P losses through runoff. Plots (2 m x I m) were constructed in two fields that had been in NT com-soybean rotation for the previous 15 years. One field remained in NT management, while RT was initiated prior to planting corn in the other field using a soil finisher. Variable-intensity rainfall simulations occurred before and after fertilization with urea (224 kg N ha(-1)) and triple superphosphate (112 kg P ha(-1)). Rainfall was simulated at (1) 50 mm h(-1) for 50 min; (2) 75 mm h(-1) for 15 min; (3) 25 mm h(-1) for 15 min; (4) 100 mm h(-1) for 15 min. Runoff volumes and nutrient (NH4-N, NO3-N and dissolved P [DP]) concentrations were greater from the NT field than the RT field before and after fertilization. Dissolved P concentrations in runoff prior to fertilization were greater during the 50 mm h(-1) rainfall period (0.09 mg L-1) compared to the other periods (0.03 mg L-1). Nutrient concentrations increased by 10-100-fold when comparing samples taken after fertilization to those taken prior to fertilization. Nutrient loads were greater prior to and after fertilization from the NT treatment. Prior to fertilization, NT resulted in 83 g ha(-1) greater NH4-N and 32.4 g ha(-1) greater dissolved P losses than RT treatment. After fertilization, NT was observed to lose 5.3 kg ha(-1) more NH4-N, 1.3 kg ha(-1) more NO3-N, and 2.4 kg ha(-1) more dissolved P than RT. It is typically difficult to manage land to minimize P and N losses simultaneously; however, in the short term, tillage following long-term NT resulted in lowering the risk of transport of soluble N and P to surface water. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.019 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 220UB UT WOS:000250181700002 ER PT J AU Warnemuende, EA Patterson, JP Smith, DR Huang, CH AF Warnemuende, Elizabeth A. Patterson, Judodine P. Smith, Douglas R. Huang, Chi-hua TI Effects of tilling no-till soil on losses of atrazine and glyphosate to runoff water under variable intensity simulated rainfall SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; atrazine; tillage effects; water quality ID CORN; SURFACE; QUALITY AB Herbicides released through agricultural activities to surface waters and drinking water systems represent a risk to human and environmental health, as well as a cost to municipalities for removal. This study focuses on the viability of glyphosate tolerant cropping systems as an alternative to atrazine-based systems, and the impact of tilling historically no-till ground on the runoff pollution potential of these systems. Variable intensity field rainfall simulations were performed on 2 m long x I m wide plots within a field in first-year disk and harrow following no-till (CT), and within a long-term no-tilled (NT) field, both treated with atrazine and glyphosate according to label. Rainfall sequence was: 50 mm h(-1) for 50 min followed by 75 mm h(-1) for 15 min, 25 mm h-1 for 15 min, and 100 mm h-1 for 15 min. Runoff was collected at regular time intervals during two simulated rainfall events and analyzed for herbicide concentration, sediment content, and volume. Maximum glyphosate concentration in runoff was 233 mu g L-1 for NT and 180 mu g L-1 for CT (approximately 33% and 26% of the maximum contaminant limit (MCL) for glyphosate (700 mu g L-1), respectively, while maximum atrazine concentrations in runoff was 303 mu g L-1 for NT and 79 mu g L-1 for CT (approximately 100 times and 26 times the atrazine MCL (3 mu g L-1)). Atrazine concentration and loading were significantly higher in runoff from NT plots than from CT plots, whereas glyphosate concentration and loading were impacted by tillage treatment to a much lesser degree. Results suggest that glyphosate-based weed management may represent a lower drinking water risk than atrazine-based weed management, especially in NT systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Warnemuende, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell Str, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM best@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.09.001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 220UB UT WOS:000250181700003 ER PT J AU Kozak, JA Aiken, RM Flerchinger, GN Nielsen, DC Ma, LW Ahuja, L AF Kozak, Joseph A. Aiken, Robert M. Flerchinger, Gerald N. Nielsen, David C. Ma, Liwang Ahuja, Lajpat TI Comparison of modeling approaches to quantify residue architecture effects on soil temperature and water SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy balance; penman flux module (PENFLUX); root zone water quality model (RZWQM); simultaneous heat and water (SHAW) model; shuttleworth-wallace ID CROP RESIDUE; SURFACE; EVAPORATION; ENERGY; SYSTEM; HEAT; SIMULATION; BALANCE; CANOPY; COVER AB RZ-SHAW is a hybrid model, comprised of modules from the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model integrated into the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) that allows more detailed simulation of different residue types and architectures that affect heat and water transfer at the soil surface. RZ-SHAW allows different methods of surface energy flux evaluation to be used: (1) the SHAW module, where evapotranspiration (ET) and soil heat flux are computed in concert with a detailed surface energy balance; (2) the Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) module for ET in which soil surface temperature is assumed equal air temperature; and (3) the PENFLUX module, which uses a Penman transformation for a soil slab under incomplete residue cover. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of the three RZ-SHAW modules to simulate effects of residue architecture on net radiation, soil temperature, and water dynamics near the soil surface. The model was tested in Akron, Colorado in a wheat residue-covered (both standing and flat) no-till (NT) plot, and a reduced till (RT) plot where wheat residue was incorporated into the soil. Temperature difference between the soil surface and ambient air frequently exceeded 17 degrees C under RT and NT conditions, invalidating the isothermal assumption employed in the S-W module. The S-W module overestimated net radiation (R-n) by an average of 69 Wm(-2) and underestimated the 3-cm soil temperature (T-s3) by 2.7 degrees C for the RT plot, attributed to consequences of the isothermal assumption. Both SHAW and PENFLUX modules overestimated midday TO for RT conditions but underestimated TO for NT conditions. Better performances of the SHAW and PENFLUX surface energy evaluations are to be expected as both approaches are more detailed and consider a more discretized domain than the S-W module. PENFLUX simulated net radiation slightly better than the SHAW module for both plots, while T-s3 was simulated the best by SHAW, with a mean bias error of +0. 1 degrees C for NT and +2.7 degrees C for RT. Simulation results for soil water content in the surface 30 CM (theta(v30)) were mixed. The NT conditions were simulated best by SHAW, with mean bias error for theta(v30) within 0.006 m(3) m(-3); RT conditions were simulated best by the PENFLUX module, which was within 0.010 m(3m3) (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Sys Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Kansas State Univ, NW Res Extens Ctr, Colby, KS 67701 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.11.006 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 220UB UT WOS:000250181700010 ER PT J AU Omonode, RA Vyn, TJ Smith, DR Hegymegi, P Gal, A AF Omonode, Rex A. Vyn, Tony J. Smith, Doug R. Hegymegi, Peter Gal, Anita TI Soil carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from long-term tillage systems in continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide emission; continuous corn; methane flux; soil organic carbon; rotation corn; chisel plow; moldboard plow; no-till ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; NO-TILL; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; GREENHOUSE GASES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CO2 EMISSION; MANAGEMENT; CH4; SEQUESTRATION AB Although the Midwestern United States is one of the world's major agricultural production areas, few studies have assessed the effects of the region's predominant tillage and rotation practices on greenhouse gas emissions from the soil surface. Our objectives were to (a) assess short-term chisel (CP) and moldboard plow (MP) effects on Soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes relative to no-till (NT) and, (b) determine how tillage and rotation interactions affect seasonal gas emissions in continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations on a poorly drained Chalmers silty clay loam (Typic Endoaquoll) in Indiana. The field experiment itself began in 1975. Short-term gas emissions were measured immediately before, and at increasing hourly intervals following primary tillage in the fall of 2004, and after secondary tillage in the spring of 2005, for up to 168 h. To quantify treatment effects on seasonal emissions, gas fluxes were measured at weekly or biweekly intervals for up to 14 sampling dates in the growing season for corn. Both CO2 and CH4 emissions were significantly affected by tillage but not by rotation in the short-term following tillage, and by rotation during the growing season. Soil temperature and moisture conditions in the surface 10 cm were significantly related to CO2 emissions, although the proportion of variation explained by temperature and moisture was generally very low (never exceeded 27%) and varied with the tillage system being measured. In the short-term, CO2 emissions were significantly higher for CP than MP and NT. Similarly, mean seasonal CO2 emissions during the 2-year period were higher for CP (6.2 Mg CO2-C ha(-1) year(-1)) than for MP (5.9 Mg CO2-C ha(-1) year) and NT (5.7 Mg CO2-C ha(-1) year(-1)). Both CP and MP resulted in low net CH4 uptake (7.6 and 2.4 kg CH4-C ha(-1) year(-1), respectively) while NT resulted in net emissions of 7.7 kg CH4-C ha(-1) year(-1). Mean emissions Of CO2 were 16% higher from continuous corn than from rotation corn during the two growing seasons. After 3 decades of consistent tillage and crop rotation management for corn and soybean producing grain yields well above average in the Midwest, continuous NT production in the com-soybean rotation was identified as the system with the least soil-derived C emissions to the atmosphere from among those evaluated prior to and during corn production. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Szent Istvan Univ, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. RP Vyn, TJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tvyn@purdue.edu NR 59 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 182 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 220UB UT WOS:000250181700018 ER PT J AU Hudgeons, JL Knutson, AE DeLoach, CJ Heinz, KM McGinty, WA Tracy, JL AF Hudgeons, Jeremy L. Knutson, Allen E. DeLoach, C. Jack Heinz, Kevin M. McGinty, W. Allan Tracy, James L. TI Establishment and biological success of Diorhabda elongata elongata on invasive Tamarix in Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CONTROL AGENT; LEAF BEETLE; SALTCEDAR; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SPP.; COLONIZATION; TAMARICACEAE; DISPERSAL AB A leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata elongata (Brulle), from Crete, Greece, was released unrestricted at two field locations (Lake Thomas and Beals Creek) within the upper Colorado River watershed of Texas between the summers of 2003 and 2004 as part of a Tamarix biological control program. D. elongeta elongata released at the Lake Thomas site in August 2003 successfully overwintered and was recovered in the spring 2004; however, beetles were not recovered at Lake Thomas past June 2004 despite additional releases in July 2004. Following releases in April and July 2004 at Beals Creek, D. elongata elongata did establish and was subsequently recovered during 2005 and 2006. In August 2006, the D. elongata elongata population was dispersed throughout an area of approximately 12 hectares, beetles or larvae were present on 100% of the 47 trees surveyed and 57% of which (27 trees) were at least 90% defoliated by D. elongata elongata. C1 Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS Grassland, Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RP Hudgeons, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.3.157 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 237NM UT WOS:000251381500003 ER PT J AU Cardamnone, JM Phillips, JG AF Cardamnone, Jeanette M. Phillips, John G. TI Enzyme-mediated crosslinking of wool. Part II: Keratin and transglutaminase SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE enzyme-mediated crosslinking; keratin hydrolysate; transglutaminase; solubilized wool; ARS process; wool ID ACTIVATED PEROXIDE; SHRINKAGE AB Keratin hydrolyses (KH) and their lyophilized, powders (KP) were applied trans-glutaminase (amine gamma-glutamyltransferase EC 2.3.2.13; TG) to fine jersey wool fabric bleached by peroxycarboximidic acid in the first step of the ARS process. The full ARS process involving treatment with Proteolytic enzyme (Esperase 8.0L (TM)) after pretreatment by bleaching can result in up to 18% fabric strength loss in fine-gage jersey knits, yet the ARS process has met with industry acceptance. To alleviate strength loss we applied solutions of KH and KP in combination with TG as a transferase enzyme to catalyze transamidation reactions involving keratin as KH and KP and keratinoceous wool fabric in order to provide crosslinking between and among these keratin constituents. Treatments of KH from 100% to 10% owb with TG showed that shrinkage could be controlled; application of 6% owf KP and 2% owf TG controlled shrinkage to 4.89%. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the keratin material coated the fibres to fill the raised scales of the wool. The results of statistical analysis predicted the optimum application conditions of 5% KP and 5% TG. These conditions minimized felting shringkage to 5.21% and fabric weight change to 0.26% and maximized dry burst strength to 4.7% loss and increase in fabric whiteness to 17.8 whiteness index units. Wool material, including hydrolysates and powders crosslinked by TG enzyme mediation can provide a rich resource for the production of modified keratin-based biomaterials. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamnone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jan.cardamone@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1177/004517507078788 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 222PX UT WOS:000250310500001 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Green, RD Wall, RJ AF Rexroad, C. E., Jr. Green, R. D. Wall, R. J. TI Regulation of animal biotechnology: Research needs SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Farm Animal Reproduction CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Kerkrade, NETHERLANDS SP Bioniche Anim Hlth Europe Ltd, Holland Genet BV, Intervet, Janssen Anim Hlth DE animals; biotechnology; regulation; livestock; clones; Transgenic; genetics ID CATTLE; SHEEP AB Livestock that result from biotechnology have been a part of agricultural science for over 30 years but have not entered the market place as food or fiber. Two biotechnologies are at the forefront as challenges to the world's systems for regulating the market place: animal clones and transgenic animals. Both technologies have come before the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and it appears that action is imminent for clones. The FDA has asserted principles for evaluation of clones and asserts that "... remaining hazard(s) from cloning are likely to be subtle in nature." The science-based principles recognize that in some areas related to developmental biology and gene expression in clones, additional scientific information would be useful. The role of science then is to use the genomic tools that we have available to answer questions about epigenetic regulation of development and reprogramming of genes to the state found in germ cells. Transgenics pose additional challenges to regulators. If the transgenics are produced using cloning from modified cells then the additional scientific information needed will be related to the effects of insertion and expression of the transgenes. Other approaches such as retrovirally vectored transgenesis will elicit additional questions. These questions will be challenging because the science will have to be related to the expression and function of each gene or class of genes. For the promises of animal biotechnology to be fulfilled, scientists will have to resolve many questions for regulators and the public but tools to answer those questions are rapidly becoming available. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,Rm 4-2150, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM caird.rexroad@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 68 SU 1 BP S3 EP S8 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.03.017 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 202PY UT WOS:000248916700002 PM 17574657 ER PT J AU Favret, C Miller, GL Nafria, JMN Gabaudan, FC AF Favret, Colin Miller, Gary L. Nieto Nafria, Juan M. Cortes Gabaudan, Francisco TI Catalog of the aphid genera described from the new world SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE aphids; plant lice; America; Nearctic; Neotropical ID SPECIES HOMOPTERA; MYZOCALLIS-PASSERINI; ESSIGELLA HOMOPTERA; PLANT-LICE; GENUS; HEMIPTERA; AMBER; ARGENTINA; REVISION; SUBGENUS AB A nomenclatural and bibliographic catalog of the genus-group names of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) from the New World is presented. The catalog includes 206 available genus-group names with type species with New World localities, full bibliographic citations, and other associated nomenclatural and taxonomic information. Two nomenclatural discrepancies are resolved: Siphonophora acerifoliae Thomas is designated the type species of Phymatosiphum Davis, and Strenaphis Quednau nomen novum is proposed as a replacement name for the homonymic Stenaphis Quednau. C1 [Favret, Colin; Miller, Gary L.] USDA, ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nieto Nafria, Juan M.] Univ Leon, Dept Biodiversidad & Gest Ambiental, E-24071 Leon, Spain. [Cortes Gabaudan, Francisco] Univ Salamanca, Dept Filol Clas & Indoeuropeo, Salamanca 37001, Spain. RP Favret, C (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM crf@uiuc.edu; gary.miller@ars.usda.gov; jmnien@unileon.es; corga@usal.es RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184 NR 268 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD SEP-DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 412 DI 10.3157/0002-8320-133.3.363 PG 50 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 252SJ UT WOS:000252466600011 ER PT J AU White, JL Harvey, BC AF White, Jason L. Harvey, Bret C. TI Winter feeding success of stream trout under different streamflow and turbidity conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; REACTIVE DISTANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; GROWTH; SALMON; BUDGET; PREY AB To investigate the relationship between turbidity and trout feeding success in natural systems, we sampled the stomach contents of resident rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii under different streamflow and turbidity conditions during winter in two northwestern California streams (total sample size= 16 1). Feeding success generally did not differ sharply for fish collected under low versus high streamflow and turbidity conditions. Bioenergetics modeling suggested that feeding success on average did not reach maintenance levels for seven of eight sets of samples, but extensive feeding on oligochaetes during one period of elevated streamflow resulted in positive energy balances. Occasional peaks in food intake could greatly influence the energy budgets and growth of trout in mild-winter systems. Under some natural conditions, trout appear able to achieve relatively high feeding success when turbidity limits visibility. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM beh3@humboldt.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1192 DI 10.1577/T06-184.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600003 ER PT J AU Fontaine, LP Whiteman, KW Li, P Burr, GS Webb, KA Goff, J Gatlin, DM Neill, WH Davis, KB Vega, RR AF Fontaine, Lance P. Whiteman, Kasey W. Li, Peng Burr, Gary S. Webb, Kenneth A. Goff, Jonathan Gatlin, Delbert M., III Neill, William H. Davis, Kenneth B. Vega, Robert R. TI Effects of temperature and feed energy on the performance of juvenile red drum SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; MARINE FISH; GROWTH; PROTEIN; RESPONSES; REQUIREMENTS; MALNUTRITION; SCIAENIDAE AB We tested the hypothesis that the growth of fish exposed to high temperatures can be limited by available food energy whereas that of fish exposed to low temperatures can be limited by their metabolic capacity to exploit the available food energy. Under laboratory conditions we evaluated growth (%/d) and marginal metabolic scope (MMS; L center dot g(-1)center dot h(-1)) of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus exposed to two levels of dietary energy, low (LE; similar to 4.1 kJ/g) and high (HE; similar to 15.9 kJ/g), and to three temperatures, approximately 19, 25, and 29 degrees C, for a period of 6 weeks. Growth rate and MMS increased with temperature, but only growth rate increased with dietary energy and then only at the higher two temperatures. The simulation model Ecophys. Fish was employed to elucidate experimental results potentially confounded by interactions between fish weight and the controlling effects of temperature on metabolism. The simulated and observed results both showed that performance is enhanced at higher temperatures, especially for fish consuming the HE diet. A subsequent 6-week-long experiment confirmed results for fish fed the two diets at ambient temperature (similar to 26 degrees C) and sought to further resolve responses by examining body condition indices and proximate composition. Additionally, these fish were assayed for differential cortisol response to 15 min of confinement stress. The feed efficiency, hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio, and whole-body fat of fish fed the LE diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the HE diet, indicating relative energy malnutrition in the LE group. As with MMS, no apparent differential effect of feed energy on the pre- or poststress values of plasma cortisol was observed. These findings support the ideas that red drum obtain greater metabolic capacity when they are exposed to a near-optimal temperature and that their ability to transform that capacity into growth is maximized only when they are provided a nutritious, high-energy diet. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. CCA CPL Marine Dev Ctr, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Corpus Christi, TX 78418 USA. RP Neill, WH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM w-neill@tamu.edu OI Webb, Kenneth/0000-0002-9416-6364 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1205 DI 10.1577/T06-136.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600004 ER PT J AU McGrath, CC Lewis, WM AF McGrath, C. C. Lewis, W. M., Jr. TI Competition and predation as mechanisms for displacement of greenback cutthroat trout by brook trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BEAVER CREEK; STREAMS; HABITAT; MOVEMENT; CLARKI; IDAHO; FISH; PERSISTENCE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii frequently are displaced by normative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, but the ecological mechanisms of displacement are not understood. Competition for food and predation between greenback cutthroat trout O. c. stomias and brook trout were investigated in montane streams of Colorado. A replicated field study was used to describe the population density, diet, stomach fullness, and body condition of the two species in allopatry and sympatry. Population data confirmed that brook trout displaced greenback cutthroat trout at sites where the species occur together. The diets of the two species were different; cutthroat trout consumed more prey items and a wider variety of prey than brook trout. Sympatry did not influence gut fullness or body condition for either species. Predation occurred at low rates that did not account for declines in populations of greenback cutthroat trout. Instead, population data suggest that the displacement of greenback cutthroat trout by brook trout occurs through a bottleneck on recruitment due to the mortality of eggs or juvenile cutthroat trout. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McGrath, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM ccmcgrath@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1392 DI 10.1577/T07-017.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600019 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Zhu, H Fox, RD Brazee, RD Krause, CR AF Derksen, R. C. Zhu, H. Fox, R. D. Brazee, R. D. Krause, C. R. TI Coverage and drift produced by air induction and conventional hydraulic nozzles used for orchard applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE air-assist; air-blast; fruit; orchard; spray deposit ID DROPLET SIZE; DEPOSITION EFFICIENCY; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; SPRAY DISTRIBUTION; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MORTALITY; CITRUS; PERMETHRIN; BIFENTHRIN AB A conventional, axial-flow, air-blast orchard sprayer was used to make applications to the outside row of a semi-dwarf apple block. Fluorescent tracer was applied at the same rate using either disc-core nozzle sets or air-induction nozzles fitted with flat-fan tips. The experiment included measuring the percent area of spray coverage on leaves after three variations in spray application method. Each of the variations used a different type of nozzle on the same conventional, axial-fan orchard sprayer. The three nozzle variations were a Spraying Systems D3-25 nozzle set, a Spraying Systems D4-25 nozzle set, and a TurboDrop 02 (TD02) air-induction nozzle set. Canopy spray deposits, downwind sedimentation, and airborne spray losses were also measured following treatment on the inside half of the outside row using D4-25 nozzles or TD02 nozzles. The small droplet spectrum D3-25 nozzle set produced the highest leaf surface coverage on both upperside and underside surfaces at 2.0 and 3.0 m heights in the canopy. The upperside leaf surface coverage produced by the D3-25 nozzle was only somewhat greater than the TD02 nozzle. It was, however, significantly higher than the D4-25 nozzle set at the 3.0 m height. Conversely, the underside leaf surface coverage produced by the D3-25 was significantly greater than the TD02 nozzle set at both 2.0 and 3.0 in heights and not statistically different from the D4-25 nozzle set at the lower sampling height. There were relatively few differences in canopy spray deposits between the D4-25 and TD02 nozzle sets. The TD02 treatment produced the lowest downwind sedimentation deposits on targets 8 to 32 m from the edge of the orchard. The D4-25 produced approximately three times higher deposits up to 9 m above the ground than the TD02 treatment on passive nylon screens located 8 m downwind from the edge of the orchard. The D4-25 treatment produced significantly higher airborne deposits on elevated, high-volume, air sampler filters out to 64 m. At 128 m, sedimentation and airborne deposits were similar for the D4-25 and TD02 treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM derksen.2@osu.edu NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1501 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300001 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Flerchinger, GN Xu, S Kozak, J Ma, L Ahuja, L AF Yu, Q. Flerchinger, G. N. Xu, S. Kozak, J. Ma, L. Ahuja, L. TI Energy balance simulation of a wheat canopy using the RZ-SHAW (RZWQM-SHAW)model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE crop growth model; RZWQM; SHAW; surface energy fluxes ID RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; WATER MODEL; SURFACE; FLUXES; TEMPERATURES; COVER AB RZ-SHAW is a new hybrid model coupling the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) and the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAM model to extend RZWQM applications to conditions of frozen soil and crop residue cover RZ-SHAW offers the comprehensive land management options of RZWQM with the additional capability to simulate diurnal changes in energy balance needed for simulating the near-surface microclimate and leaf temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate RZ-SHAW for simulations of radiation balance and sensible and latent heat fluxes overplant canopies. Canopy energy balance data were collected at various growing stages of winter wheat in the North China Plain (36 degrees 57'N, 116 degrees 6'E, 28 m above sea level). RZ-SHAW and SHAW simulations using hourly meteorological data were compared with measured net radiation, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux. RZ-SHAW provided similar goodness-of-prediction statistics as the original SHAW model for all the energy balance components when using observed plant growth input data. The root mean square error (RMSE) for simulated net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, and soil heat fluxes was 29.7, 30.7, 29.9, and 25.9 W m(-2) for SHAW and 30.6, 32.9, 34.2, and 30.6 W m-2 for RZ-SHAW, respectively. Nash-Sutcliffe R-2 ranged from 0.67 for sensible heat flux to 0.98 for net radiation. Subsequently, an analysis was performed using the plant growth component of RZ-SHAW instead of inputting LAI and plant height. The model simulation results agreed with measured plant height, yield, and LAI very well. As a result, RMSE for the energy balance components were very similar to the original RZ-SHAW simulation, and latent, sensible, and soil heat fluxes were actually simulated slightly better RMSE for simulated net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, and soil heat fluxes was 31.5, 30.4, 30.2, and 2 7.6 W m(-2). respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated a successful coupling of RZWQM and SHAW in terms of canopy energy balance simulation, which has important implications for prediction of crop growth, crop water stress, and irrigation scheduling. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.usda.gov RI Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300002 ER PT J AU Ahuja, LR Kozak, JA Andales, AA Ma, L AF Ahuja, L. R. Kozak, J. A. Andales, A. A. Ma, L. TI Scaling parameters of the Lewis-Kostiakov water infiltration equation across soil textural classes and extension to rain infiltration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE green-ampt equation; hydrological modeling; incipient ponding infiltration; initial soil moisture on infiltration; non-instantaneous ponding infiltration; physical basis of Kostiakov equation parameters; root zone water quality model; RZWQM ID MODELING INFILTRATION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD; VARIABILITY; IRRIGATION; QUALITY; MEDIA; YIELD; FLOW AB A recent study showed that the pore-size distribution index (lambda) of the Brooks-Corey equation related and scaled cumulative infiltration (I) across eleven textural classes under different rainfall and initial conditions using normalization of the Green-Ampt equation or implicit empirical relations. The initial objectives herein were to (1) explore if more explicit, easy to use, and compact scaling could be achieved through relationships between the parameters of the empirical Lewis-Kostiakov (L-K) infiltration equation (I = cumulative infiltration = kt(alpha); t = time; alpha, k = constants) and lambda or the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity ((s)) across eleven soil types for instantaneous incipient (zero-head) ponding cases; and (2) in the process, look for a more physical interpretation of the parameters and their dependence on initial soil water content. The Green-Ampt infiltration method in the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was used to generate simulated values for instantaneous zero-head infiltration at two initial pressure heads (-1500 and -100 kPa) in eleven homogeneous textural-class mean soils for 5 h, using the detailed Brooks-Corey hydraulic parameters for each soil. The two L-K parameters (alpha, k) were shown to have fairly strong explicit relationships with lambda (r(2) = 0. 78 to 0. 88) and stronger relationships with (K) over bar (s) (r(2) = 0.94 to 0.99) across the eleven textural classes. Additionally, a was essentially the same for the two initial pressure heads, and its value varied from 0.5 for clay soil to 0.58 for sand, indicating the dominance of sorptivity for clay and the increasing gravity effect for lighter textures, as expected from the theory. The intercept k varied with the pressure head condition but was related to the initial soil water deficit in the same way as sorptivity. Upper time limits for the L-K equation (t(b)) to be applicable were also more strongly related to k, (r(2) = 0.99) in all soils. A larger-time (beyond t(b)) extension of the L-K equation proposed in the literature was also shown to be valid, thus making it more valuable. The L-K equation was then extended to non-instantaneous ponding infiltration for several rainfall intensities (I - I-p = k (t - t(p))(alpha)'; I-p =I at incipient ponding time t(p)). The new parameters alpha'and k' for each rainfall intensity were again found to be strongly related to (K) over bar (s) or lambda, and their variation with respect to initial pressure head was similar to that of a and k. This study provides a simple new method to quickly estimate the variation of infiltration with soil type on a landscape, scale up infiltration from small to large areas, and estimate effective average parameters for modeling large areas. The study also establishes a more physical basis for the L-K equation parameters and shows that it can be extended to large times and to infiltration of rainfalls, just like the Green-Ampt equation. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1525 EP 1541 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300004 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B Marx, DB AF Gilley, J. E. Eghball, B. Marx, D. B. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of runoff as affected by moldboard plowing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; manure management; manure runoff; nitrogen movement; nutrient losses; phosphorus; plowing; runoff; tillage; water quality ID CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; MANURE APPLICATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; PLOT-SCALE; LONG-TERM; COMPOST; FERTILIZER; TILLAGE; LOSSES AB The excessive application of manure on cropland areas can cause nutrients to accumulate near the soil surface. This study was conducted to measure the effects of moldboard plowing on the redistribution of nutrients within the soil profile and nutrient transport by overland flow. Composted beef cattle manure was applied at dry weights of 0, 68, 105, 142, and 178 Mg ha(-1) to a silty clay loam soil and then incorporated by disking. Selected plots were moldboard plowed 244 days later to a depth of approximately 23 cm. Soil samples for analysis of water-soluble phosphorus, Bray and Kurtz No. 1 phosphorus (Bray-1 P), NO3-N, and NH4-N were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm before and after moldboard plowing. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were then applied. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), NO3-N. NH4-N, and total nitrogen (TN) content of runoff were measured from 0.75 wide x 2.0 m long plots. Bray-1 P content at the 0-5 cm soil depth was reduced from 200 to 48.0 mg kg(-1) and NO3-N content decreased from 9.49 to 2.52 mg kg-1 as a result of the moldboard plowing operation. Consequently, mean concentrations of DP and NO3-N in runoff decreased from 1.76 and 2.29 mg L-1 under no-till conditions to 0.03 and 0.60 mg L-1 on the moldboard plow plots. Thus, the experimental results suggest that moldboard plowing can significantly reduce concentrations of DP and NO3-N in runoff from land application areas. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1548 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300005 ER PT J AU Ascough, JC McMaster, GS Andales, AA Hansen, NC Sherrod, LA AF Ascough, J. C., II McMaster, G. S. Andales, A. A. Hansen, N. C. Sherrod, L. A. TI Evaluating GPFARM crop growth, soil water, and soil nitrogen components for Colorado dryland locations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agroecosytem; crop residue; crop yield; GPFARM; model evaluation; soil nitrogen; soil water ID MODEL PARAMETERS; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; SIMULATION; YIELD; WHEAT; CONDUCTIVITY; RESIDUE; SORGHUM; MAIZE; CORN AB Alternative agricultural management systems in the semi-arid Great Plains are receiving increasing attention. GPFARM is a farm/ranch decision support system (DSS) designed to assist in strategic management planning for land units from the field to the whole-farm level. This study evaluated the regional applicability and efficacy of GPFARM based on simulation model performance for dry mass grain yield, total soil profile water content, crop residue, and total soil profile residual NO3-N across a range of dryland no-till experimental sites in eastern Colorado. Field data were collected from 1987 through 1999 from an on-going, long-term experiment at three locations in eastern Colorado along a gradient of low (Sterling), medium (Stratton), and high (Walsh) potential evapotranspiration. Simulated crop alternatives were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and fallow. Relative error (RE) of simulated mean, root mean square error (RMSE), and index. of agreement (d) model evaluation statistics were calculated to compare modeled results to measured data. A one-way, fixed-effect ANOVA was also performed to determine differences among experimental locations. GPFARM simulated versus observed REs ranged from -3% to 35% for crop yield, 6% to 8% for total soil profile water content, -4% to 32% for crop residue, and -7% to -25% for total soil profile residual NO3-N. For trend analysis (magnitudes and location differences), GPFARM simulations generally agreed with observed trends and showed that the model was able to simulate location differences for the majority of model output responses. GPFARM appears to be adequate for use in strategic planning of alternative cropping systems across eastern Colorado dryland locations; however, further improvements in the crop growth and environmental components of the simulation model (including improved parameterization) would improve its applicability for short-term tactical planning scenarios. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jim.ascough@ars.usda.gov RI Andales, Allan/M-8328-2013 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1565 EP 1578 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300007 ER PT J AU Grace, JM Clinton, BD AF Grace, J. M., III Clinton, B. D. TI Protecting soil and water inforest road management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE BMPs; conservation; forest roads; sediment control; soil; soil erosion; water resources ID FOREST ROADS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; EROSION CONTROL; SIDESLOPES; QUALITY; GRAVEL AB The National Forest road system is the network that supports public recreation, which has become the primary use of the public lands. The pattern of use of National Forest roads for recreation has increased dramatically since the late 1940s and is expected to continue to increase beyond the rates observed today. However, research over the past 60 years clearly presents forest roads as a major source of sediment and soil erosion from forest watersheds. Threats to healthy forests have received increased attention in the past decade. In particular, roads, road management, and travel management will likely be critical to addressing the four threats to the health of the nation's forests and grasslands that were identified by USDA Forest Service. Road management is an important component in preserving and maintaining healthy forests throughout the nation. Sediment export from the existing forest road network is an issue of great concern in forest management. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of issues involved in managing the nation's public forest roads for the protection of soil and water This article explores the benefit and efficacy of erosion mitigation, sediment control, and road BMPs in protecting soil and water This article also suggests areas requiring additional research and development to satisfy the goals of protecting forest soil and water. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jmgrace@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1584 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300008 ER PT J AU Licciardello, F Zema, DA Zimbone, SA Bingner, RL AF Licciardello, F. Zema, D. A. Zimbone, S. A. Bingner, R. L. TI Runoff and soil erosion evaluation by the AnnAGNPS model in a small Mediterranean watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS model; peak flow; sediment yield; soil erosion; surface runoff; watershed modeling ID NONPOINT-SOURCE MODEL; SURFACE RUNOFF; SIMULATION; AGNPS; VALIDATION; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB In order to evaluate prediction models of runoff and sediment yield in a Mediterranean environment, the distributed parameter, physically based, continuous simulation, daily time step AnnAGNPS model was applied to an experimental watershed of mainly pasture in Sicily. Results from AnnAGNPS simulations were evaluated using 7-year data monitored at this watershed. The model showed satisfactory capability in simulating surface runoff at event, monthly, and annual scales after calibration. Peak flow predictions were generally good for low flow events and poorer for higher flow rates. A high model efficiency was achieved for the 24 suspended sediment yield events recorded during the entire period of observation after reducing the roughness coefficients for both rangeland and cropland areas. The overall results confirmed the applicability of the AnnAGNPS model to the experimental conditions. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, Louvain, Belgium. Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforest & Environm Sci & Technol, I-89060 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Zema, DA (reprint author), Mediterranean Univ Reggio Calabria, Dept Agroforest & Environm Sci & Technol, Localita Feo Vito, I-89060 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy. EM dzema@unirc.it OI LICCIARDELLO, Feliciana/0000-0003-3316-7731; Zimbone, Santo Marcello/0000-0003-2725-2438; Zema, Demetrio Antonio/0000-0002-5743-3996 NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1593 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300009 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Flanagan, DC AF Gilley, J. E. Flanagan, D. C. TI Early investment in soil conservation research continues to provide dividends SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE erosion; erosion control; erosion models; experiment stations; hydrology; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; USLE; water conservation ID EROSION; RUNOFF; WATER; WEPP AB Current soil conservation programs are built upon an established research legacy. Hugh H. Bennett, chief of the USDA Soil Conservation Service from 1935 to 1951, was instrumental in the establishment of a network of 35 soil conservation experiment stations (SCES). Research projects were initiated at the SCES in the 1930s to investigate the principal factors causing erosion and to identify the most effective and practical methods of controlling soil loss from agricultural areas. Information obtained from the SCES, and selected other locations, was assembled at the National Runoff and Soil Loss Data Center (NRSLDC) established on the campus of Purdue University in 1954. Data gathered at the NRSLDC was used to develop the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The USLE is recognized as one of the most important developments in soil and water conservation in the 20th century. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation was released in 1997 as an updated, computerized version of the USLE. Several soil conservation practices currently used on agricultural areas were developed, refined, tested, and adopted at the SCES. Data obtained from the SCES have been an essential component in the development and testing of several erosion and water quality models. It is a tribute to the early soil conservation researchers that information they collected in previous decades continues to be used by successive generations of conservationists and modelers. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Rm 251 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1595 EP 1601 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300010 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Gilley, JE Franti, TG AF Flanagan, D. C. Gilley, J. E. Franti, T. G. TI Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP): Development history, model capabilities, and future enhancements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; deposition; erosion mechanics; erosion models; hydrology; runoff; sediment; sediment transport; soil conservation; soil erosion ID SOIL-EROSION; WEPP; RUNOFF; INTERFACES; RANGELAND; GIS AB The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) was initiated in August 1985 to develop new-generation water erosion prediction technology for use by federal action agencies involved in soil and water conservation and environmental planning and assessment. Developed by the USDA-ARS as a replacement for empirically based erosion prediction technologies, the WEPP model simulates many of the physical processes important in soil erosion, including infiltration, runoff, raindrop and flow detachment, sediment transport, deposition, plant growth, and residue decomposition. The WEPP project included an extensive field experimental program conducted on cropland, rangeland, and disturbed forest sites to obtain data required to parameterize and test the model. A large team effort at numerous research locations, ARS laboratories, and cooperating land-grant universities was needed to develop this state-of-the-art simulation model. WEPP project participants met frequently to coordinate their efforts. The WEPP model can be used for common hillslope applications or on small watersheds. Because it is physically based, the model has been successfully used in the evaluation of important natural resources issues throughout the U.S. and in many other countries. Upgrades to the modeling system since the 1995 DOS-based release include Microsoft Windows operating system graphical interfaces, web-based interfaces, and integration with Geographic Information Systems. Improvements have been made to the watershed channel and impoundment components, the CLIGEN weather generator, the daily water balance and evapotranspiration routines, and the prediction of subsurface lateral flow along low-permeability soil layers. A combined wind and water erosion prediction system with easily accessible databases and a common interface is planned for the future. C1 USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM flanagan@purdue.edu NR 44 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1612 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300011 ER PT J AU Farahani, HJ Howell, TA Shuttleworth, WJ Bausch, WC AF Farahani, H. J. Howell, T. A. Shuttleworth, W. J. Bausch, W. C. TI Evapotranspiration: Progress in measurement and modeling in agriculture SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Review DE bowen ratio; crop coefficient; eddy correlation; evaporation; evapotranspiration; lysimetry; Penman-Monteith remote sensing; transpiration; water productivity ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; BASAL CROP COEFFICIENTS; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; WATER-USE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; PENMAN-MONTEITH; WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; OKLAHOMA MESONET; ESTIMATING SOIL; SPARSE CROPS AB This article provides a focused survey of progress in crop evapotranspiration (ET) measurement and modeling, with particular emphasis on the aspects of interest to the irrigation profession. The significant advances in understanding and quantifying crop ET during the past few decades are largely due to our increased ability to measure near-surface climate variables and surface energy and momentum exchanges, complemented by progress in soil and plant sensor technology. However, ET measurement is not commonly practiced, and modeling is mostly preferred. Much theoretical progress in ET modeling originated with the 1948 work of Penman and the subsequent modification to the Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation and to multi-layer and sparse canopy models. These advances strengthened confidence in using the combination equation and encouraged a significant step forward through the adaptation of the P-M equation to provide a standard estimate of reference crop ET for use in the long-established, two-step, crop coefficient (K-c) methodology. Recently, there has been a continued progress in this field via the one-step application of the P-M equation to estimate crop ET directly using effective stomatal resistance rather than K-c. This article concludes by drawing attention to a general need to improve crop water productivity by reducing non-beneficial soil evaporation and, in this context, the potential value of using improved methods and models to partition ET and to aid scheduling limited irrigation. C1 ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, SAHRA, NSF Ctr Sustainabil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, NPA Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), ICARDA, POB 5466, Aleppo, Syria. EM h.farahani@cgiar.org NR 169 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1627 EP 1638 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300014 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Chavez, JL Colaizzi, PD Evett, SR Howell, TA Tolk, JA AF Gowda, P. H. Chavez, J. L. Colaizzi, P. D. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Tolk, J. A. TI Remote sensing based energy balance algorithms for mapping ET: Current status and future challenges SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ET mapping; irrigation scheduling; surface energy balance; water management ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; NET-RADIATION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; RESISTANCE MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; WATER-STRESS; LOCAL-SCALE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance and a major consumptive use of irrigation water and precipitation on cropland. Remote sensing based agrometeorological models are presently most suited for estimating crop water use at both field and regional scales. Numerous ET models have been developed in the last three decades to make use of visible, near-infrared (NIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and most importantly, thermal data acquired by sensors on airborne and satellite platforms. In this article, a literature review is done to evaluate numerous remote sensing based algorithms for their ability to accurately estimate regional ET The remote sensing based models generally have the potential to accurately estimate regional ET; however, there are numerous opportunities to further improve them. The spatial and temporal resolution of currently available remote sensing data from the existing set of earth-observing satellite platforms are not sufficient enough to be used in the estimation of spatially distributed ET for on-farm irrigation scheduling purposes, especially at the field scale (similar to 10 to 200 ha). This will be constrained further if the thermal sensors on future Landsat satellites are abandoned. Research opportunities exist to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of ET by developing algorithms to increase the spatial resolution of surface temperature data derived from ASTER/MODIS thermal images using same/other-sensor high-resolution visible, NIR, and SWIR images. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pgowda@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1644 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300015 ER PT J AU Fouss, JL Fausey, NR AF Fouss, J. L. Fausey, N. R. TI Research and development of laser-beam automatic grade-control system on high-speed subsurface drainage equipment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE automatic; corrugated; drain; drainage; grade control; irrigation; laser; laser beam; laser plane; plastic; plow; subsurface; surface; technology; trencher; tubing AB Subsurface drainage methods and materials technologies were modernized more through innovative research and development between 1960 and 1975 than during the previous 100 years. Original research conducted by ASABE Member agricultural engineers who were employed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and worked cooperatively with other ARS scientists and technicians plus scientists at The Ohio State University developed the prototype materials and equipment to test the new drainage technology. High-speed installation of plastic subsurface drains with plow-type equipment was made possible and practical in the late 1960s with the adoption of coilable corrugated-wall polyethylene plastic tubing. However, manual control of depth and grade by the operator of the drain plow at speeds of 35 to 50 m/min was not sufficiently accurate or practical. A laser-beam automatic grade-control system was designed and developed to meet the specific requirements of high-speed plow-type draintube installation equipment. The first use of the laser in agriculture was reported to be in the installation of plastic drain tubing with plow and/or trencher equipment. Through cooperative field trial demonstration projects with university extension specialists and industry representatives, the new technology was transferred to industry for final development and marketing. A laser-plane system, rather than the laser-line prototype tested, was developed by the industry cooperators to project a beacon of laser light (a laser plane) over an entire field. Laser-plane technology subsequently applied in precision land grading for surface irrigation vastly improved irrigation efficiency and saved untold millions of acre-feet of irrigation water worldwide. From this agricultural engineering beginning, laser technology expanded rapidly into many engineering agricultural and non-agricultural fields, including surveying, land leveling and grading, construction (highways and buildings), and military tasks. The laser-beam and laser-plane systems are considered the engineering standard method today for alignment and guidance applications. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fouss, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, 4115 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM james.fouss@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1663 EP 1667 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300019 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Bonta, JV Richardson, CW AF Harmel, R. D. Bonta, J. V. Richardson, C. W. TI The original USDA-ARS experimental watersheds in Texas and Ohio: Contributions from the past and visions for the future SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; hydrology; legacy data; trend analysis; water quality ID DROP-BOX WEIR; NO-TILL SOIL; SURFACE-APPLIED CHEMICALS; BLACKLAND PRAIRIE; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; HERBICIDE LOSSES; UNITED-STATES; RUNOFF; FLOW; PRECIPITATION AB The USDA Soil Conservation Service (USDA-SCS) realized the importance of understanding hydrologic processes on agricultural fields and watersheds in the mid-1930s. Based on this realization, the research program of the Hydrologic Division of SCS established three experimental watersheds across the U.S. to analyze the impact of landuse practices on soil erosion, flood events, water resources, and the agricultural economy. Two of the original watersheds remain in operation today within the USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS): the Blacklands Experimental Watershed (now the Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory) near Riesel, Texas, and the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, Ohio. These original watersheds were designed for collection of hydrologic data on small watersheds and evaluation of hydrologic and soil loss response as influenced by various agricultural land management practices. A major contribution of these experimental watersheds is the quantification of soil loss reduction under conservation management, which has led to a drastic reduction in soil loss from cultivated agriculture in the 20th century. Riesel watershed studies produced the scientific basis for several watershed models that are now used worldwide to manage water quality and also facilitated fundamental analysis of the agronomic and environmental effects of tillage, fertilizer, and pesticide alternatives. Coshocton watershed studies led to the development of no-till and pasture management practices to control runoff, erosion, and chemical loss and were instrumental in understanding water quality and hydrologic effects of soil macropores and mining and reclamation activities. The long-term hydrologic records at each site have also improved understanding and management of water resources in their respective geographic regions. Because of their historical and future value, the USDA-ARS has a unique responsibility to maintain these long-term experimental watersheds, which are vital for addressing emerging research needs to meet future water availability, environmental quality, and food and fiber demands. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1669 EP 1675 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300020 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Caldwell, L Lobrecht, M McCook, D Hunt, SL Temple, D AF Hanson, G. J. Caldwell, L. Lobrecht, M. McCook, D. Hunt, S. L. Temple, D. TI A look at the engineering challenges of the USDA Small Watershed Program SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE dams; dispersive clays; erosion; rehabilitation; spillways; vegetation AB The Small Watershed Program, administered by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service), originated in the 1940s and 1950s through the following statutes: the Flood Control Act of 1944, the pilot watershed program (1953-1954), and the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954. The Small Watershed Program has been recognized by ASABE as one of the outstanding achievements of agricultural engineering in the 20th century in soil and water With a $15 billion infrastructure investment, more than 11, 000 flood-control dams were constructed, and thousands of acres of farms and ranches are protected by conservation practices. The objectives of the majority of the projects were flood control and watershed protection. Other purposes included water management, municipal and industrial water supply, recreation, fish and wildlife habitat improvement, water quality improvement, and water conservation. Throughout the history of this program, there have been several engineering challenges in the fields of geotechnical engineering, hydrology, and hydraulics. The challenges included designing structures with limited information in unfamiliar conditions in a wide variety of settings. Challenges now include management of an aging infrastructure along with changes in national policy, laws, and needs. This article describes the history and impact of the Small Watershed Program, the engineering challenges surrounding this program, and how these challenges were and are being addressed This article also takes a looks at future challenges for the Small Watershed Program and what this means for engineers. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA, NRCS, Oklahoma State Off, Stillwater, OK USA. USDA, NRCS, NDCSMC, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM greg.hanson@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1677 EP 1682 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300021 ER PT J AU Ma, L Ahuja, LR Malone, RW AF Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. Malone, R. W. TI Systems modeling for soil and water research and management: Current status and needs for the 21st century SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural management; agricultural systems; environmental quality; model application; RZWQM ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; TERM CROP PRODUCTION; LONG-TERM; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; TILE-DRAINAGE; SOYBEAN PRODUCTION; PREDICTING RUNOFF; SIMULATION-MODELS; RZWQM SIMULATION; NITROGEN LOSSES AB Quantitative system approaches, provided by process-based models of agricultural systems, are essential for optimizing the use of increasingly limited water and soil resources, guiding tactical management, and addressing the environmental concerns and global issues of the 21st century. Agricultural engineers have made significant contributions in the past to model development and applications in soil anti water research, irrigation design, and water management, and they are uniquely capable of making the much-needed and exciting further model enhancements. In this brief review, we present: (1) the current status of system model development and applications in soil and water research and management, with examples from the USBA-ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM); (2) lessons learned from RZWQM development and applications; and (3) future needs and directions in system model enhancements and applications to make them more effective. We make a strong case for international collaborations among modelers and experimentalists and for a common development/applications protocol and platform for the future. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1705 EP 1713 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300024 ER PT J AU Rawls, WJ Nemes, A Pachepsky, YA Saxton, KE AF Rawls, Walter J. Nemes, A. Pachepsky, Y. A. Saxton, K. E. TI Using the NRCS National Soils Information System (NASIS) to provide soil hydraulic properties for engineering applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE pedotransfer functions; soil data bases; soil hydraulic properties; soil properties ID WATER-RETENTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETERS; TEXTURE AB Modern agricultural, biological, and environmental engineers have a multitude of uses for soil hydraulic parameters that quantify the ability of soils and sediments to retain and transmit water. These parameters are difficult and costly to obtain, especially if large areas of land need to be characterized. An active search for the relationships of boil hydraulic parameters with readily available soil properties began in the 1970s based on compilations of data from various sources. Although substantial progress was made, further developments were hampered by the inhomogeneity of the data compendiums in terms of soil variables included, methods of their measurements, ranges of parameters, regional representation, and uncertain data quality. New opportunities to supply soil hydraulic parameters to the end users have been created by the public domain availability of soils information provided in the USDA-NRCS National Soils Information System (NASIS). These data coupled with analytical advances have enhanced the development of new relationships describing soil hydraulic properties. The database currently contains analytical data for more than 50,000 pedons describing U.S. soils. The data set has provided the opportunity to study the effects of qualitative information such as soil structure and topography properties, which improves our ability to estimate hydraulic soil properties. The size of the database also allowed experimentation with new data analysis methods that were not previously usable. A summary of methods that have used the NASIS dataset to predict the soil hydraulic properties for a range of scales is presented along with examples of engineering applications that use such estimates. Opportunities for future research based on the NASIS dataset are given. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rawls, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Walterrawls@hughes.net OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1715 EP 1718 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300025 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Chevanan, N. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Neural network and regression modeling of extrusion processing parameters and properties of extrudates containing DDGS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE extrudate; extrusion; modeling; neural network; processing parameters; properties; regression ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; FOOD EXTRUDERS; PRODUCTS; SIMULATION; CEREALS; ELEMENT; TIME AB Two sets of experiments using a single-screw extruder were conducted with an ingredient blend containing 40% DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles), along with soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin mix, and mineral mix, with the net protein content adjusted to 28%. The variables controlled in the first experiment included seven levels of die size, three levels of moisture content, three levels of temperature gradient in the barrel, and one screw speed. The variables altered in the second experiment included three levels of moisture content, three levels of temperature gradient in the barrel, five levels of screw speed, and one die size. Regression models and neural network (NN) models were then developed using the data pooled from the two experiments to predict extrudate properties and extrusion processing parameters. In general, both regression and AN models predicted the extrusion processing parameters with better accuracy than the extrudate properties. Similarly, lower R-2 values for the regression results corresponded to lower R-2 values in the NN modeling. The regression models predicted the extrusion processing parameters using three and six input variables with R-2 values of 0.56 to 0.97 and 0.75 to 0.97, respectively. The NN models predicted the extrusion processing parameters using three, five, and six input variables with R-2 values (between measured and predicted values) of 0.819 to 0.984, 0.860 to 0.988, and 0.901 to 0.991, respectively. With the regression modeling, even though increasing the number of input variables from three to six resulted in better R-2 values, there was no decrease in the coefficient of variation (CV) between the measured and predicted variables. On the other hand, the NN models developed with six input variables resulted in more accurate predictions with reduced CV and standard error. Because of its ability to produce accurate result with reduced variation and standard error, NN modeling has greater potential for developing robust models for extrusion processing. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1778 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300031 ER PT J AU Utley, SL Rains, GC Lewis, W AF Utley, Samuel L. Rains, G. C. Lewis, Wa. TI Behavioral monitoring of Microplitis croceipes, a parasitoid wasp, for detecting target odorants using a computer vision system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE 3-octanone; biological sensor; LabView; machine vision; visual cortex; volatile chemical detection AB Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are parasitoid wasps capable of being trained to respond to target odors. One such response is known as area-restricted searching, and several wasps exhibiting area-restricted searching within the same area is known as crowding. A computer vision system consisting of a laptop computer, web camera, and software package (Visual Cortex) was assembled to objectively quantify the crowding behavior of M. croceipes. The system was able to measure the crowding behavior of five female M. croceipes hand-trained to detect 3-octanone. Further, the system was able to distinguish between the crowding response of trained M. croceipes exposed to 5.5 and 1.1 mg L-1 of 3-octanone and a control within 20 s. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Crop Management & Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Utley, SL (reprint author), 155 Blue Leaf Dr, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. EM samutley@gmail.com NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1843 EP 1849 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232QD UT WOS:000251033300039 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA Jessen, K Orr, FM AF DiCarlo, David A. Jessen, Kristian Orr, Franklin M., Jr. TI Compositional gravity drainage 2: experimental measurements using an analog system SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE gravity drainage; compositional displacement; interfacial tension; multicomponent; multiphase; capillary equilibrium; bond number; total recovery; experimental measurements ID MULTICOMPONENT AB Gravity drainage with fluid phases that are not in chemical equilibrium is determined by the interplay of gravitational forces, capillary forces, and compositional effects. In Part 1, we obtained analytic solutions for capillary/gravity equilibrium for a three-component two-phase system with parallel tie lines, and were able to obtain the recovery and final component distributions for arbitrary initial and displacing phases Bond numbers. Here, we perform compositional drainage experiments using an analog brine/isopropanol/iso-octane system (with non-parallel tie lines) in which we measure the distributions of the components after 3 weeks of drainage and the total recovery of wetting phase. The results are compared to predictions using the capillary/gravity equilibrium (CGE) theory in Part 1, and also a solution for pure advection of two-phase, three-component mixtures. We find that for condensing drainages that CGE provides the best description of the drainage, and that for vaporizing drainages a pure advection model provides the best description. The reasons for differences can be understood in terms of the assumptions that are the basis for the CGE and pure advection models. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 2 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s11242-006-9054-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 193XA UT WOS:000248307300002 ER PT J AU Mcculloh, KA Winter, K Meinzer, FC Garcia, M Aranda, J Lachenbruch, B AF Mcculloh, Katherine A. Winter, Klaus Meinzer, Frederick C. Garcia, Milton Aranda, Jorge Lachenbruch, Barbara TI A, comparison of daily water use estimates derived from constant-heat sap-flow probe values and gravimetric measurements in pot-grown saplings SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calophyllum longifolium; Granier sensors; Pseudobombax; septenatum; variable length probes; validation ID HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SOIL-WATER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; DISSIPATION PROBES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE ROOTS; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION AB Use of Granier-style heat dissipation sensors to measure sap flow is common in plant physiology, ecology and hydrology. There has been concern that any change to the original Granier design invalidates the empirical relationship between sap flux density and the temperature difference between the probes. Here, we compared daily water use estimates from gravimetric measurements with values from variable length heat dissipation sensors, which are a relatively new design. Values recorded during a one-week period were compared for three large pot-grown saplings of each of the tropical trees Pseudobonibax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand and Calophyllum longifolium Willd. For five of the six individuals, P values from paired t-tests comparing the two methods ranged from 0.12 to 0.43 and differences in estimates of total daily water use over the week of the experiment averaged < 3%. In one P. septena-turn sapling, the sap flow sensors underestimated water use relative to the gravimetric measurements. This discrepancy could have been associated with naturally occurring gradients in temperature that reduced the difference in temperature between the probes, which would have caused the sensor method to underestimate water use. Our results indicate that substitution of variable length heat dissipation probes for probes of the original Granier design did not invalidate the empirical relationship determined by Granier between sap flux density and the temperature difference between probes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mcculloh, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kate.mcculloh@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1360 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 213PG UT WOS:000249679000014 PM 17545135 ER PT J AU Strimbeck, GR Kjellsen, TD Schaberg, PG Murakami, PF AF Strimbeck, G. Richard Kjellsen, Trygve D. Schaberg, Paul G. Murakami, Paula F. TI Cold in the common garden: comparative low-temperature tolerance of boreal and temperate conifer foliage SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE frost tolerance; winter physiology; sugars; biogeography ID RED SPRUCE FOLIAGE; GLASS-FORMATION; FREEZING RESISTANCE; WINTER; HARDINESS; CRYOPROTECTION; VITRIFICATION; SEEDLINGS; SURVIVAL; SUGARS AB Because they maintain green foliage throughout the winter season, evergreen conifers may face special physiological challenges in a warming world. We assessed the midwinter low-temperature (LT) tolerance of foliage from eight temperate and boreal species in each of the genera Abies, Picea, and Pinus growing in an arboretum in Trondheim, Norway, using relative electrolyte leakage (REL) as an index of cell injury. Relatively LT sensitive species came from temperate coastal and Mediterranean environments and displayed a well-defined sigmoidal response to LT stress, with LT50 ranging from -27 to -38 degrees C. Species originating from boreal regions were not lethally stressed by slow freezing to temperatures as low as -80 degrees C, while species from temperate mountains and continental interiors displayed intermediate responses, with LT50s ranging from -33 to -44 degrees C. Further evaluation of one sensitive and one insensitive species in each genus showed that boreal species can survive quenching in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C provided they are first slowly cooled to -30 degrees C or lower. Quantitative image analysis of color changes resulting from LT stress followed by exposure to light showed that foliage from nonlethally stressed boreal species developed mild to moderate chlorosis while more sensitive species developed a mixture of chlorosis and necrosis, with significant necrosis occurring mainly at temperatures resulting in REL of 50% or more. Sensitive and insensitive trees differed significantly in total raffinose, sucrose, and total sugar concentrations, and raffinose and sucrose correlated significantly with LT50 within the sensitive group. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Strimbeck, GR (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM richard.strimbeck@bio.ntnu.no NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s00468-007-0151-1 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201LZ UT WOS:000248834400008 ER PT J AU Rommens, CM Haring, MA Swords, K Davies, HV Belknap, WR AF Rommens, Caius M. Haring, Michel A. Swords, Kathy Davies, Howard V. Belknap, William R. TI The intragenic approach as a new extension to traditional plant breeding SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NATIVE DNA TRANSFORMATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; CROP IMPROVEMENT; POTATO-TUBER; RNA; OVEREXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; ALLERGEN; MARKER AB The novel intragenic approach to genetic engineering improves existing varieties by eliminating undesirable features and activating dormant traits. It transforms plants with native expression cassettes to fine-tune the activity and/or tissue specificity of target genes. Any intragenic modification of traits could, at least in theory, also be accomplished by traditional breeding and transgenic modification. However, the new approach is unique in avoiding the transfer of unknown or foreign DNA. By consequently eliminating various potential risk factors, this method represents a relatively safe approach to crop improvement. Therefore, we argue that intragenic crops should be cleared through the regulatory process in a timely and cost-effective manner. C1 JR Simplot Co, Simplot Plant Sci, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Plant Physiol, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, Netherlands. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rommens, CM (reprint author), JR Simplot Co, Simplot Plant Sci, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM crommens@simplot.com NR 55 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 12 IS 9 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.08.001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215ZM UT WOS:000249847500006 PM 17692557 ER PT J AU Griffing, SM Kilpatrick, AM Clark, L Marra, PP AF Griffing, Sean M. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Clark, Larry Marra, Peter P. TI Mosquito landing rates on nesting American robins (Turdus migratorius) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cutex; modeling; vector-borne; arbovirus(es); West Nile ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; HOST FEEDING PATTERNS; CULISETA-MELANURA DIPTERA; CULEX-TARSALIS; UNITED-STATES; BIRDS; ENCEPHALITIS; CULICIDAE; VECTORS; MASSACHUSETTS AB We measured mosquito landing rates on adult and nestling American robins at nests with infrared cameras in Washington, D.C., and Maryland, United States. Mosquitoes landed on nesting robins almost exclusively between dusk and dawn. The mean number of mosquito landings per night was higher for adults (123.3 +/- SE 32.8) than nestlings (37.26 +/- 14.8). The fraction of mosquitoes landing at a nest on nestlings increased with decreases in adult brooding. Oral swabs from nestlings at these and 13 other robin, Gray catbird, and house finch nests were negative for West Nile virus (WNV,). These results show that landing rates were higher on adults and that parental brooding reduces the landing rates of mosquitoes on nestlings. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY USA. RP Griffing, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM smgriff@emory.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI25490]; PHS HHS [U50 CCU320544-01] NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0560 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100017 PM 17767414 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Strong, CA Hashimoto, Y AF Valles, Steven M. Strong, Charles A. Hashimoto, Yoshifurm TI A new positive-strand RNA virus with unique genome characteristics from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; RNA virus; genome sequence; iflavirus; Dicistroviridae ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SEQUENCE; PATHOGENS; FUTURE; DNA AB We report the discovery of a new virus with unique genome characteristics from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. This virus represents the second identified from this ant species. It is provisionally named Solenopsis invicta virus 2 (SINV-2). The SINV-2 genome was constructed by compiling sequences from successive 5' RACE reactions, a 3' RACE reaction, and expressed sequence tag, c246 (accession number EH413675), from a fire ant expression library. The SINV-2 genome structure was monopartite, polycistronic and RNA-based. The genome consensus sequence (EF428566) was 11,303 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail present on the 3' end. Analysis of the genome revealed 4 major open reading frames (ORFs; comprised of >= 100 codons) and 5 minor ORFs (comprised of 50-99 codons) in the sense orientation. No large ORFs were found in the inverse orientation suggesting that the SINV-2 genome was from a positive-strand RNA virus. Further evidence for this conclusion includes abolished RT-PCR amplification by RNase treatment of SINV-2 nucleic acid template, and failure to amplify without first conducting cDNA synthesis. Blastp analysis indicated that ORE 4 contained conserved domains of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, and protease, characteristic of positive-strand RNA viruses. However, the protease domain and putative structural proteins (ORFs 1, 2, and 3) were less well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp, helicase, and ORE 1 indicate unique placement of SINV-2 exclusive from the Dicistroviridae, iflaviruses, Picornaviridae, and plant small RNA viruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.03.043 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 203OZ UT WOS:000248985200021 PM 17477949 ER PT J AU Chen, M Granger, AJ VanBrocklin, MW Payne, WS Hunt, H Zhang, H Dodgson, JB Holmen, SL AF Chen, Mo Granger, Adam J. VanBrocklin, Matthew W. Payne, William S. Hunt, Henry Zhang, Huanmin Dodgson, Jerry B. Holmen, Sheri L. TI Inhibition of avian leukosis virus replication by vector-based RNA interference SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus; RNA interference; Micro-RNA; replication-competent retroviral vector ID TRANSGENIC CHICKENS; RETROVIRAL VECTORS; LENTIVIRAL VECTORS; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; SHRNA LIBRARIES; HUMAN-CELLS; GENE; SUBGROUP; INFECTION; EXPRESSION AB RNA interference (RNAi) has recently emerged as a promising antiviral technique in vertebrates. Although most studies have used exogenous short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit viral replication, vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNA-mirs) in the context of a modified endogenous micro-RNA (miRNA) are more efficient and are practical for in vivo delivery. In this study, replication competent retroviral vectors were designed to deliver shRNA-mirs targeting subgroup B avian leukosis virus (ALV), the most effective of which reduced expression of protein targets by as much as 90% in cultured avian cells. Cells expressing shRNA-mirs targeting the tvb receptor sequence or the viral env(B) sequence significantly inhibited ALV(B) replication. This study demonstrates efficient antiviral RNAi in avian cells using shRNA-mirs expressed from pol II promoters, including an inducible promoter, allowing for the regulation of the antiviral effect by doxycycline. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Nevada Canc Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Van Andel Res Inst, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Holmen, SL (reprint author), Nevada Canc Inst, 10441 W Twain Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. EM chenmo@msu.edu; k03ag02@kzoo.edu; mvanbrockl@nvcancer.org; paynew@msu.edu; hunthd@msu.edu; hmzhang@msu.edu; dodgson@msu.edu; sholmen@nvcancer.org NR 47 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 2 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.013 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 203OZ UT WOS:000248985200022 PM 17493657 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Cooper, CM Smith, S Cullum, RF Knight, SS Locke, MA Bennett, ER AF Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. Smith, S., Jr. Cullum, R. F. Knight, S. S. Locke, M. A. Bennett, E. R. TI Diazinon mitigation in constructed Wetlands: Influence of vegetation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; BMP; pesticides; phytoremediation; retention ID METHYL-PARATHION; AQUATIC PLANTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; RUNOFF; ATRAZINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PESTICIDES; MESOCOSMS; EXPOSURE AB In intensively cultivated areas, agriculture is a significant source of pesticides associated with storm runoff. When these pollutants enter aquatic receiving waters, they have potential to damage nearby aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetlands are a best management practice (BMP) designed to help alleviate this potential problem. A constructed wetland system (180 x 30 m) comprised of a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells was used to determine fate and transport of a simulated storm runoff event containing the insecticide diazinon and suspended sediment. Wetland water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally over 55 d. Results indicated that 43% of the study's measured diazinon mass was associated with plant material, while 23 and 34% were measured in sediment and water, respectively. Mean diazinon concentrations in water, sediment, and plants for the 55-d study were 18.1 +/- 4.5 mu g/l, 26.0 +/- 8.0 mu g/kg, and 97.8 +/- 10.7 mu g/kg, respectively. Aqueous concentrations fluctuated in the wetlands between 51-86 mu g/l for the first 4 h of the experiment; however, by 9 h, aqueous concentrations were approximately 16 mu g/l. During the 55 d experiment, 0.3 m of rainfall contributed to fluctuations in diazinon concentrations. Results of this experiment can be used to model future design specifications for mitigation of diazinon and other pesticides. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 184 IS 1-4 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9418-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 203YR UT WOS:000249010500023 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Lowrance, RR Hubbard, RK Strickland, TC Feyereisen, GW Sullivan, DG AF Bosch, D. D. Sheridan, J. M. Lowrance, R. R. Hubbard, R. K. Strickland, T. C. Feyereisen, G. W. Sullivan, D. G. TI Little river experimental watershed database SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) initiated a hydrologic research program on the Little River Experimental Watershed in south-central Georgia, United States, in 1967. The primary intent of the program was to develop an improved understanding of basic hydrologic and water quality processes on Coastal Plain watersheds and to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices on the region's natural resources and environment. Long-term ( up to 37 years), research-quality streamflow data have been collected for up to eight flow measurement sites within the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic region, an important agricultural production area in the southeastern United States. Forty-six precipitation gauges and three climate stations are currently in operation to collect data in support of the hydrologic network. Over the past 20 years, sediment and agrichemical concentrations in streamflow have also been monitored to permit evaluation of the impacts of agriculture on regional surface and groundwater quality. Along with the hydrologic and water quality data, geographic spatial data layers for terrain, soils, geology, vegetation, and land management have also been developed. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM david.bosch@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09470 DI 10.1029/2006WR05844 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 208SW UT WOS:000249340500002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Batten, HL Bosch, D Sheridan, J Strickland, T AF Sullivan, D. G. Batten, H. L. Bosch, D. Sheridan, J. Strickland, T. TI Little river experimental watershed, Tifton, Georgia, United States: A geographic database SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SWAT AB The Little River Experimental Watershed is located in the headwaters of the Upper Suwannee River basin and is one of twelve national benchmark watersheds participating in the U. S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project Watershed Assessment Studies. A geographic database has been established to include topography, land use, hydrology, soil distribution, watershed boundaries, and site locations for all weirs, rain gauges, soil moisture sites, and climate stations. These data provide the foundation for integrating point-based measurements with landscape attributes. Each spatial layer can be accessed individually for use within a geographic information system. The watershed boundary layer will serve as the base map, projected into universal transverse Mercator coordinates ( zone 17), using NAD83 as the datum and GRS80 as the ellipsoid. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM david.bosch@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 9 AR W09471 DI 10.1029/2006WR005836 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 208SW UT WOS:000249340500001 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Dodds, DM Reynolds, DB AF Koger, Clifford H. Dodds, Darrin M. Reynolds, Daniel B. TI Effect of Adjuvants and urea ammonium nitrate on bispyribac efficacy, absorption, and translocation in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-gaili). I. Efficacy, rainfastness, and soil moisture SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALS herbicide; herbicide washoff; UAN; weed control ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; SURFACTANT; GLYPHOSATE; HERBICIDES; RAINFALL; STRESS; JOHNSONGRASS; MON-37500 AB Bispyribac is registered for postemergence control of broadleaf, sedge, and grass weeds in rice. Bispyribac inhibits the acetolactate synthse enzyme in sensitive plants. Herbicides in this class of chemistry require a spray adjuvant to achieve optimal efficacy, often achieve different levels of weed control according to the spray adjuvant used, and typically have rainfast periods of at least 6 to 8 h. Efficacy and rainfastness of bispyribac can be affected by spray adjuvant and the addition of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of spray, adjuvant type, addition of UAN, and soil moisture on bispyribac efficacy on barnyardgrass. Control of barnyardgrass was improved when UAN was added to bispyribac at 0.4 or 0.8 g ha(-1) plus an organosilicone-based nonionic surfactant (OSL/NIS) or methylated seed oil/organosilicone (MSO/OSL) spray adjuvant. The type of adjuvant added to the spray solution affected bispyribac efficacy on barnyardgrass. The addition of UAN decreased the rainfast period from 8 h (registered rainfast period) to 1 or 4 h (99 to 100% control) when either the OSL/NIS or MSO/OSL adjuvant was applied with bispyribac, rcspectively. Applying UAN and OSL/NIS or MSO/OSL adjuvant with bispyribac enhanced efficacy and reduced the time period required between bispyribac application and washoff during a rainfall event. Increasing soil Moisture conditions resulted in greater efficacy from bispyribac when applied with and without UAN. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, University, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res Extn Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reynolds, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,PO Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM tkoger@drec.msstate.edu NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1614/WS-06-146.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206FQ UT WOS:000249169700001 ER PT J AU Cardina, J Herms, CP Herms, DA Forcella, F AF Cardina, John Herms, Catherine P. Herms, Daniel A. Forcella, Frank TI Evaluating phenological indicators for predicting giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) emergence SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seedling emergence; phenology; emergence prediction; growing degree-days ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; CALCULATING DEGREE-DAYS; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; GREEN FOXTAIL; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB We evaluated the use of ornamental plants as phenological indicators for predicting giant foxtail emergence and compared their performance with predictions based upon Julian day, cumulative growing degree-days (GDD), and the WeedCast program. From 1997 to 2001, we monitored giant foxtail emergence in a field experiment with and without fall and spring tillage to estimate the dates of 25, 50, and 80% emergence; we also recorded dates of first and full bloom of 23 ornamental plant species. Dates of weed emergence and ornamental blooming for 1997 to 2000 were compiled in a phenological calendar consisting of 54 phenological events for each year, and events were ordered by average (1997 to 2000) cumulative GDD (January 1 start date, 10 C base temperature). Bloom events occurring just before the giant foxtail emergence events were chosen as the phenological indicators for 2001. The Julian day method used the average (1997 to 2000) dates of foxtail emergence to predict 2001 emergence. The GDD model (October 1 start date, 0 C base temperature) was chosen by determining the combination of start date and base temperature that provided the lowest coefficient of variation for the 1997 to 2000 data. The WeedCast prediction was generated using local soil and environmental data from 2001. The rank 2 order of the 54 phenological events in 2001 showed little deviation from the 4-yr (1997 to 2000) average rank order (R 0.96). The phenological calendar indicated that, on average, 25% of giant foxtail seedlings had emerged when red chokeberry was in first bloom, and 80% of seedlings had emerged around the time multiflora rose was in full bloom. We compared the phenological calendar predictions for 25, 50, and 80% emergence with those based on Julian day, cumulative GDD, and WeedCast. The average deviation in predictions ranged from 4.4 d for the phenological calendar to 11.4 d for GDD. In addition to being generally more accurate, the phenological calendar approach also offers the advantage of providing information on the order of phenological events, thus helping to anticipate the progress of emergence and to plan and implement management strategies. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM cardina.2@osu.edu NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1614/WS-07-005.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206FQ UT WOS:000249169700009 ER PT J AU Widmer, TL Guermache, F Dolgovskaia, MY Reznik, SY AF Widmer, Timothy L. Guermache, Fatiha Dolgovskaia, Margarita Yu Reznik, Sergey Ya. TI Enhanced growth and seed properties in introduced vs. native populations of yellow starthistle (Centaurea soistitialis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competitive ability hypothesis; invasiveness; invasive species; seeds; starch content ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; PLANT INVASIONS; SIZE VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; SOLSTITIALIS; INVASIVENESS; BIOLOGY; RANGE AB There is Much dicussion as to why a plant becomes invasive in a new location but is not problematic in its native range. One example is yellow starthistle, which originates in Eurasia and is considered a noxious weed in the United States. We grew yellow starthistle originating from native and introduced regions in a common environment to test whether differences in growth would be observed. In growth chamber studies, seedlings originating from the invasive range were larger than seedlings from the native range after 2 wk. Seed starch content is an important component of initial seedling growth. The Starch content of seeds from introduced populations was higher than that of seeds from native populations. Regression analysis showed a relationship between the amount of starch in the seeds and the weight of yellow starthistle seedlings after 2 wk growth. There was no difference in chromosome number, except in accessions originating from Sicily and Sardinia. Field studies conducted in France and Russia revealed that rosettes and mature plants grown under natural conditions were larger when grown from seeds originating from the invasive range than from seeds originating from the native range. The number of capitula per plant and stem diameters were not significant among all populations, but differences were noted. The F1 progeny of plants originating from U.S. seed, but grown and pollinated in France, showed no differences in seedling growth, mature plant characteristics, and seed starch content from the plants grown from field-collected U.S. seed. The changes in seed starch resource allocation and its relation to plant growth is useful in understanding factors that contribute to yellow starthistle's invasibility. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Tim.Widmer@ars.usda.gov RI Baniaga, Anthony/G-8397-2012 NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1614/WS-06-211R.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206FQ UT WOS:000249169700010 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Williams, MM AF Davis, Adam S. Williams, Martin M., II TI Variation in wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) fecundity in sweet corn has residual effects in snap bean SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density dependence; population dynamics; integrated weed management; weed suppressive hybrids; interference; path analysis; soil seedbank; safe sites; early season control ID WEED-CONTROL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; MATRIX MODELS; SEED; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; VELVETLEAF; DEMOGRAPHY; PREDATION AB Bioeconomic models are predicated upon the relationship between weed fecundity and crop yield loss in consecutive growing seasons, yet this phenomenon has received few empirical tests. Residual effects of wild proso millet (WPM) fecundity in sweet corn upon WPM seedling recruitment, weed management efficacy, and crop yield within a subsequent snap bean crop were investigated with field experiments in Urbana, IL, in 2005 and 2006. WPM fecundity in sweet corn showed strong positive associations with WPM seedbank density, seedling recruitment, and demographic transitions within snap bean. A negative exponential relationship between WPM initial seedling density and seedling survival of a single rotary hoe pass indicated that the rotary hoe was ineffective at low weed population densities, but its efficacy increased with increasing weed population density to a maximum of 75% seedling mortality. Efficacy of postemergent chemical control of WPM was unaffected by WPM population density. Path analysis models demonstrated dependence between WPM fecundity in sweet corn, WPM seedling recruitment in snap bean, and reductions in snap bean yield in subsequent growing season, mediated by negative impacts of WPM seedling establishment on snap bean stand. These results underscore the importance of expanding integrated weed management programs to include management of annual weed populations both at the end of their life cycle, by reducing fecundity and seed survival, and at the very beginning of their life cycle, by reducing seedling recruitment and establishment. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM adam.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 502 EP 507 DI 10.1614/WS-07-046.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206FQ UT WOS:000249169700016 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Henry, WB Krutz, LJ Hanson, B AF Shaner, Dale L. Henry, W. Brien Krutz, L. Jason Hanson, Brad TI Rapid assay for detecting enhanced atrazine degradation in soil SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accelerated degradation; dissipation; half-life; microbial metabolism ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; CLAY LOAM SOIL; PSEUDOMONAS SP; STRAIN ADP; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; FIELD CONDITIONS; DISSIPATION; METOLACHLOR; MINERALIZATION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Atrazine is widely used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in corn, sorghum, and sugarcane. Field persistence data published before 1995 showed that the average half-life of atrazine in soil was 66 d, and farmers expect to achieve weed control with a single application for the full season. However, reports of enhanced atrazine degradation in soil from fields that have a history of atrazine applications are increasing. A rapid laboratory assay was developed to screen soils for enhanced atrazine degradation. Soil (50 g) was placed in a 250 ml glass jar and treated with 7.5 ml of water containing atrazine (5 mu g ai ml(-1)) and capped with a Teflon-lined lid. The assay was conducted at room temperature (25 C). Soil subsamples (1.5 to 3 g) were removed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 d after treatment and extracted with an equal weight of water (wt/vol). The atrazine in the water extract was assayed with high-pressure liquid chromatography, (HPLC). The half-life of atrazine in soils with a history of use was :! 1.5 d, whereas the half-life in soils with no history of atrazine use was > 8 d. The advantages of this assay are (1) the ease of set up; (2) the rapidity of extraction, and (3) the simplicity of the quantification of the atrazine. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Unit, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.1614/WS-07-015.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 206FQ UT WOS:000249169700020 ER PT J AU Allen, SL Hepp, GR Miller, JH AF Allen, Shannon L. Hepp, Gary R. Miller, James H. TI Use of herbicides to control alligatorweed and restore native plants in managed marshes SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE alien plant species; Alternanthera philoxeroides; imazapyr; marsh management; restoration; triclopyr amine ID MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; ALTERNANTHERA-PHILOXEROIDES; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; C-14 GLYPHOSATE; MACROPHYTE; COMPETITION; TRICLOPYR; COMMUNITIES; WATERFOWL; TRANSLOCATION AB Marsh management is used to improve the quality of wetland habitats for a variety of waterfowl and other waterbirds. However, alien plants, such as alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), may impact success of marsh management by competing with and displacing important native plants. In managed marshes, we tested effects of application rate (high, medium, and low) and timing (April and July) of two herbicides (triclopyr amine and imazapyr) on controlling alligatorweed and restoring native plants. In the year of treatment, imazapyr controlled alligatorweed better than triclopyr amine when applied in April, but the herbicides were equally effective when applied in July. High application rate of herbicides in April controlled alligatorweed better than the low application rate, but application rates of herbicides in July did not influence control. In the year of treatment, application of triclopyr amine resulted in greater native plant biomass than imazapyr. High application rate of herbicides in April resulted in greater native plant biomass in the year of treatment than low application rate, but native plant biomass did not differ among rates of herbicides applied in July. One year after treatment, the high application rate of herbicides resulted in less alligatorweed than the low application rate, and July applications of either herbicide generally controlled alligatorweed better than April applications. Application of imazapyr in July resulted in greater biomass of native plants one year after treatment than either imazapyr or triclopyr amine applied in April. This study demonstrates that single herbicide applications can be effective at controlling alligatorweed, and that these applications can have immediate and longer-term benefits for restoring native plants to managed marshes. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Allen, SL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM smith68@auburn.edu NR 63 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[739:UOHTCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600026 ER PT J AU Ritter, A Munoz-Carpena, R Bosch, DD Schaffer, B Potter, TL AF Ritter, A. Munoz-Carpena, R. Bosch, D. D. Schaffer, B. Potter, T. L. TI Agricultural land use and hydrology affect variability of shallow groundwater nitrate concentration in South Florida SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE groundwater; hydrology; land use; nitrate; nonpoint source pollution; dynamic factor analysis; multivariate time series; water quality ID DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; COMMON TRENDS; TIME-SERIES; AREA ADJACENT; ALGORITHM; AQUIFER; CANALS AB South Horida's Miami-Dade agricultural area is located between two protected natural areas, the Biscayne and Everglades National Parks, subject to the costliest environmental restoration project in history. Agriculture, an important economic activity in the region, competes for land and water resources with the restoration efforts and Miami's urban sprawl. The objective of this study, understanding water quality interactions between agricultural land use and the shallow regional aquifer, is critical to the reduction of agriculture's potentially negative impacts. A study was conducted in a 4-ha square field containing 0-9 ha of com surrounded by fallow land. The crop rows were oriented NW-SE along the dominant groundwater flow in the area. A network of 18 monitoring wells was distributed across the field. Shallow groundwater nitrate- nitrogen concentration [N-NO3-] was analyzed on samples collected from the wells biweekly for 3 years. Detailed hydrological (water table elevation [WTE] at each well, groundwater flow direction [GwFD], rainfall) and crop (irrigation, fertilization, calendar) data were also recorded in situ. Flow direction is locally affected by seasonal regional drainage through canal management exercised by the local water authofity. The data set was analyzed by dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a specialized time series statistical technique only recently applied in hydrology. In a first step, the observed nitrate variation was successfully described by five common trends representing the unexplained variability. By including the measured hydrological series as explanatory variables the trends were reduced to only three. The analysis yields a quantification of the effects of hydrological factors over local groundwater nitrate concentration. Furthermore, a spatial structure across the field, matching land use, was found in the five remaining common trends whereby the groundwater [N-NO3-] in wells within the com rows could be generally separated from those in fallow land NW and SE of the crop strip. Fertilization, masked by soil/water/plant-delayed processes, had no discernible effect on groundwater nitrate levels. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ICIA, Tenerife 38200, Spain. USDA ARS, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Florida, TREC, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Munoz-Carpena, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 101 Frazier Rogers Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM carpena@ufl.edu RI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/A-7588-2010 OI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/0000-0003-2838-1514 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 18 BP 2464 EP 2473 DI 10.1002/hyp.6483 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 207QJ UT WOS:000249265600007 ER PT J AU Ghosh, D McGhie, TK Fisher, DR Joseph, JA AF Ghosh, Dilip McGhie, Tony K. Fisher, Derek R. Joseph, James A. TI Cytoprotective effects of anthocyanins and other phenolic fractions of Boysenberry and blackcurrant on dopamine and amyloid beta-induced oxidative stress in transfected COS-7 cells SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Polyphenols and Health CY OCT 04-07, 2005 CL Davis, CA SP Commiss European Comm DE oxidative stress; calcium homeostasis; muscarinic receptors; dopamine; amyloid beta; berry extracts ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; AGE; RECEPTOR; MEMORY; FRUIT; RATS; METABOLISM; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION AB There is growing interest both from consumers and researchers in the role that berries play in human health. In the experiments reported here, we assessed the ability of anthocyanins and phenolic fractions of Boysenberry and blackcurrant to ameliorate the deleterious effect of the amyloid beta(25-35) (100 mu mol L-1, 24 h) and dopamine (1 mmol L-1, 4 h) on calcium buffering (recovery) of M1 muscarinic receptor-transfected COS-7 cells. Cell viability was also studied. Our results demonstrate that extracts of Boysenberry and blackcurrant showed significant protective effect and restored the calcium buffering ability of cells that had been subjected to oxidative stress induced by dopamine and the amyloid beta(25-35). Blackcurrant polyphenolics showed slightly higher protective effect against dopamine, whereas Boysenberry polyphenolics had a higher effect against the amyloid beta(25-35). In viability studies, all extracts showed significant protective effects against dopamine and amyloid beta(25-35)-induced cytotoxicity. Our results provide further evidence for the protective effects of berries against the neurotoxic effect of dopamine and amyloid beta(25-35) in brain cells. (C) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry C1 Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ghosh, D (reprint author), Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. EM dghosh@hortresearch.co.nz RI McGhie, Tony/C-1459-2009 OI McGhie, Tony/0000-0002-8016-0244 NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2061 EP 2067 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2964 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196OX UT WOS:000248493000011 ER PT J AU Walker, WS Kellndorfer, JM LaPoint, E Hoppus, M Westfall, J AF Walker, Wayne S. Kellndorfer, Josef M. LaPoint, Elizabeth Hoppus, Michael Westfall, James TI An empirical InSAR-optical fusion approach to mapping vegetation canopy height SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation canopy height; scattering phase center height; InSAR; radar; interferometry; optical; multi-spectral; SRTM; Landsat ETM; forest inventory; FIA; DEM; object-oriented; segmentation; regression trees ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION; FOREST INVENTORY DATA; WOODY BIOMASS; LIDAR; SATELLITE; AREA; CLASSIFICATION; VALIDATION; ATTRIBUTES AB Exploiting synergies afforded by a host of recently available national-scale data sets derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and passive optical remote sensing, this paper describes the development of a novel empirical approach for the provision of regional- to continental-scale estimates of vegetation canopy height. Supported by data from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the National Elevation Dataset (NED), the LANDFIRE project, and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, this paper describes a data fusion and modeling strategy for developing the first-ever high-resolution map of canopy height for the conterminous U.S. The approach was tested as part of a prototype study spanning some 62,000 km(2) in central Utah (NLCD mapping zone 16). A mapping strategy based on object-oriented image analysis and tree-based regression techniques is employed. Empirical model development is driven by a database of height metrics obtained from an extensive field plot network administered by the USDA Forest Service-Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. Based on data from 508 FIA field plots, an average absolute height error of 2.1 m (r=0.88) was achieved for the prototype mapping zone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Walker, WS (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. EM wwalker@whrc.org NR 61 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 482 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.001 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 193RZ UT WOS:000248293300009 ER PT J AU Iida, K Li, Y McGrath, BC Frank, A Cavener, DR AF Iida, Kaori Li, Yulin McGrath, Barbara C. Frank, Ami Cavener, Douglas R. TI PERK eIF2 alpha kinase is required to regulate the viability of the exocrine pancreas in mice SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; WOLCOTT-RALLISON-SYNDROME; CELL-DEATH; TRANSGENIC MICE; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; NECROSIS; GROWTH AB Background: Deficiency of the PERK elF2 alpha kinase in humans and mice results in postnatal exocrine pancreatic atrophy as well as severe growth and metabolic anomalies in other organs and tissues. To determine if the exocrine pancreatic atrophy is due to a cell-autonomous defect, the Perk gene was specifically ablated in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas in mice. Results: We show that expression of PERK in the acinar cells is required to maintain their viability but is not required for normal protein synthesis and secretion. Exocrine pancreatic atrophy in PERK-deficient mice was previously attributed to uncontrolled ER-stress followed by apoptotic cell death based on studies in cultured fibroblasts. However, we have found no evidence for perturbations in the endoplasmic reticulum or ER-stress and show that acinar cells succumb to a non-apoptotic form of cell death, oncosis, which is associated with a pronounced inflammatory response and induction of the pancreatitis stress response genes. We also show that mice carrying a knockout mutation of PERK's downstream target, ATF4, exhibit pancreatic deficiency caused by developmental defects and that mice ablated for ATF4's transcriptional target CHOP have a normal exocrine pancreas. Conclusion: We conclude that PERK modulates secretory capacity of the exocrine pancreas by regulating cell viability of acinar cells. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hist Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cavener, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kiida1@jhu.edu; yzl106@psu.edu; bcm5@psu.edu; afrank@nadc.ars.usda.gov; drc9@psu.edu RI Cavener, Douglas/E-3524-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK62049, R01 DK062049]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56957, R01 GM056957, R56 GM056957] NR 42 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PD AUG 29 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-38 PG 16 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 231CT UT WOS:000250924800001 PM 17727724 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Ducore, JM Storms, DH AF Zunino, Susan J. Ducore, Jonathan M. Storms, David H. TI Parthenolide induces significant apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species in high-risk pre-B leukemia cells SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SESQUITERPENE LACTONE PARTHENOLIDE; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BREAST-CANCER; INHIBITION; PHAGOCYTES; FEVERFEW C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, UC Davis Canc Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM szunino@whnrc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2007 VL 254 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.002 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 202II UT WOS:000248894800013 PM 17470383 ER PT J AU Finzi, AC Norby, RJ Calfapietra, C Gallet-Budynek, A Gielen, B Holmes, WE Hoosbeek, MR Iversen, CM Jackson, RB Kubiske, ME Ledford, J Liberloo, M Oren, R Polle, A Pritchard, S Zak, DR Schlesinger, WH Ceulemans, R AF Finzi, Adrien C. Norby, Richard J. Calfapietra, Carlo Gallet-Budynek, Anne Gielen, Birgit Holmes, William E. Hoosbeek, Marcel R. Iversen, Colleen M. Jackson, Robert B. Kubiske, Mark E. Ledford, Joanne Liberloo, Marion Oren, Ram Polle, Andrea Pritchard, Seth Zak, Donald R. Schlesinger, William H. Ceulemans, Reinhart TI Increases in nitrogen uptake rather than nitrogen-use efficiency support higher rates of temperate forest productivity under elevated CO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global change; net primary production ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROTATION POPLAR PLANTATION; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; SOIL-N AVAILABILITY; ENRICHMENT FACE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ORGANIC NITROGEN; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES AB Forest ecosystems are important sinks for rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2. In previous research, we showed that net primary production (NPP) increased by 23 +/- 2% when four experimental forests were grown under atmospheric concentrations of CO2 predicted for the latter half of this century. Because nitrogen (N) availability commonly limits forest productivity, some combination of increased N uptake from the soil and more efficient use of the N already assimilated by trees is necessary to sustain the high rates of forest NPP under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE). In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the uptake of N increased under elevated CO2 at the Rhinelander, Duke, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites, yet fertilization studies at the Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites showed that tree growth and forest NPP were strongly limited by N availability. By contrast, nitrogen-use efficiency increased under elevated CO2 at the POP-EUROFACE site, where fertilization studies showed that N was not limiting to tree growth. Some combination of increasing fine root production, increased rates of soil organic matter decomposition, and increased allocation of carbon (C) to mycorrhizal fungi is likely to account for greater N uptake under elevated CO2. Regardless of the specific mechanism, this analysis shows that the larger quantities of C entering the below-ground system under elevated CO2 result in greater N uptake, even in N-limited ecosystems. Biogeochemical models must be reformulated to allow C transfers below ground that result in additional N uptake under elevated CO2. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Rescources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Antwerp VIB, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Wageningen, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Bot, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Schlesinger, WH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM schlesingerw@ecostudies.org RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012; Calfapietra, Carlo/E-2269-2015; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; NR 87 TC 196 Z9 200 U1 11 U2 135 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 28 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 35 BP 14014 EP 14019 DI 10.1073/pnas.0706518104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 206ML UT WOS:000249187500030 PM 17709743 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Reeves, JB AF Dungan, Robert S. Reeves, James B., III TI Pyrolysis of carbonaceous foundry sand additives: Seacoal and gilsonite SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bituminous coal; foundry; gilsonite; green sand; phenolics; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrolysis; seacoal ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COAL COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; MOLDS AB Seacoal and gilsonite are used by the foundry industry as carbonaceous additives in green molding sands. In this study, pyrolysis was used to simulate the heating conditions that the carbonaceous additives would experience during metal casting. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to tentatively identify major organic products generated during their pyrolysis at 500, 750, and 1000 degrees C. A number of compounds of environmental concern were identified during the pyrolysis of seacoal and gilsonite, including substituted benzenes, phenolics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These thermal decomposition products, and especially PAHs, were generated at each pyrolysis temperature in all foundry sands containing seacoal. In gilsonite-amended sand, however, mainly alkanes and alkenes were identified at 500 and 750 degrees C and PAHs at 1000 degrees C. Compared to seacoal, the most intense peaks occurred during the pyrolysis of sand containing gilsonite. The greatest loss of pyrolyzable material also occurred during heating of gilsonite-amended sand from ambient temperature to 1000 degrees C in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The results obtained from this study will be useful to green sand foundries looking to reduce volatile hydrocarbon emissions. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 25 PY 2007 VL 460 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2007.05.020 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 200SY UT WOS:000248784300011 ER PT J AU Bono, JL Keen, JE Clawson, ML Durso, LM Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW AF Bono, James L. Keen, James E. Clawson, Michael L. Durso, Lisa M. Heaton, Michael P. Laegreid, William W. TI Association of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 tir polymorphisms with human infection SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; SHIGA TOXIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENOME SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; BEEF-CATTLE; DAIRY FARM; OUTBREAK AB Background: Emerging molecular, animal model and epidemiologic evidence suggests that Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O157: H7 (STEC O157) isolates vary in their capacity to cause human infection and disease. The translocated intimin receptor (tir) and intimin (eae) are virulence factors and bacterial receptor-ligand proteins responsible for tight STEC O157 adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. They represent logical genomic targets to investigate the role of sequence variation in STEC O157 pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology. The purposes of this study were (1) to identify tir and eae polymorphisms in diverse STEC O157 isolates derived from clinically ill humans and healthy cattle (the dominant zoonotic reservoir) and (2) to test any observed tir and eae polymorphisms for association with human (vs bovine) isolate source. Results: Five polymorphisms were identified in a 1,627-bp segment of tir. Alleles of two tir polymorphisms, tir 255 T> A and repeat region 1-repeat unit 3 (RR1- RU3, presence or absence) had dissimilar distributions among human and bovine isolates. More than 99% of 108 human isolates possessed the tir 255 T> A T allele and lacked RR1-RU3. In contrast, the tir 255 T> A T allele and RR1-RU3 absence were found in 55% and 57%, respectively, of 77 bovine isolates. Both polymorphisms associated strongly with isolate source (p < 0.0001), but not by pulsed field gel electrophoresis type or by stx1 and stx2 status (as determined by PCR). Two eae polymorphisms were identified in a 2,755-bp segment of 44 human and bovine isolates; 42 isolates had identical eae sequences. The eae polymorphisms did not associate with isolate source. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in tir but not eae predict the propensity of STEC O157 isolates to cause human clinical disease. The over- representation of the tir 255 T> A T allele in human- derived isolates vs the tir 255 T> A A allele suggests that these isolates have a higher propensity to cause disease. The high frequency of bovine isolates with the A allele suggests a possible bovine ecological niche for this STEC O157 subset. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bono, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jim.Bono@ars.usda.gov; Jim.Keen@ars.usda.gov; Mike.Clawson@ars.usda.gov; Lisa.Durso@ars.usda.gov; Mike.Heaton@ars.usda.gov; laegreid@uiuc.edu OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 98 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-7-98 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 228IF UT WOS:000250722900001 PM 17718910 ER PT J AU He, XH Carter, JM Brandon, DL Cheng, LW McKeon, TA AF He, Xiaohua Carter, John Mark Brandon, David L. Cheng, Luisa W. McKeon, Thomas A. TI Application of a real time polymerase chain reaction method to detect castor toxin contamination in fluid milk and eggs SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction method; liquid egg; milk; real-time PCR; Ricinus communis; SYBR-Green I; TaqMan ID RICINUS-COMMUNIS; MODIFIED ORGANISMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ASSAY; QUANTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; SAMPLES AB The castor seed contains ricin, which is one of the most potent biological toxins and is widely considered to be a threat agent for bioterrorism. In this study, a rapid and sensitive PCR method was applied to the detection of castor contamination in milk and liquid egg samples. The targeting gene sequence of the primer set, Ricin-F4/R4, was not found in either the bovine or chicken genome. Primers against a highly conserved sequence from the 18S ribosomal RNA gene were used as a positive control for DNA extraction and PCR reaction efficiency. The quantity and quality of DNA prepared from castor spiked or nonspiked milk and egg samples obtained from three different DNA extraction methods were compared. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method yielded the highest quality of DNA and is most suitable for the sensitive detection of castor DNA by real-time PCR in both milk and liquid egg matrixes. However, taking time and cost into consideration, a commercial kit designed for extraction of DNA from stool samples could be used as an alternative method for the routine extraction of DNA from milk for real-time PCR assays. The egg matrix was found to inhibit PCR amplification and interfere with two of the three methods tested for DNA extraction. Egg yolk had a greater negative effect on PCR amplification than the egg white matrix. Our results affirm the necessity of performing individual validations for each food matrix. Both real-time PCR systems used in this study, TaqMan and SYBR Green I dye, were capable of detecting 100 ng of castor acetone powder, corresponding to 5 ng of ricin, in 1 mL of milk or liquid egg, well below the toxic dose for humans. On the basis of these results, the real-time PCR method for detection of intentional castor contamination is applicable to milk and egg matrixes. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 6897 EP 6902 DI 10.1021/jf0707738 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199XF UT WOS:000248727800013 PM 17650003 ER PT J AU Wang, S Zhang, A AF Wang, Shifa Zhang, Aijun TI Facile and efficient syntheses of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Nonadecatriene and homologues: Pheromone and attractant components of lepidoptera SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-Linolenic acid; alkenyl triflate; Grignard reagents; cross-coupling reaction; homoconjugated triene; pheromone; sex attractant ID SEX ATTRACTANTS; HYDROCARBONS; REAGENTS; SYSTEM AB Facile and efficient chemical syntheses of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene and homologues from commercially available alpha-linolenic acid [(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid] are reported. These straight-chain homoconjugated trienes are common sex pheromone and attractant components for many lepidopterous insect pests. The metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienyl triflate and the appropriate Grignard reagents proceed very rapidly under notable mild conditions using Li2CuCl4 as catalyst in diethyl ether, and the resulting (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-trienes with retention of geometrical configuration were in > 92% isolated yield. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM aijun.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 6929 EP 6932 DI 10.1021/jf070821o PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199XF UT WOS:000248727800018 PM 17661482 ER PT J AU Trabue, S Scoggin, K Tjandrakusuma, S Rasmussen, MA Reilly, PJ AF Trabue, Steven Scoggin, Kenwood Tjandrakusuma, Siska Rasmussen, Mark A. Reilly, Peter J. TI Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; glycerol; ketosis; propylene glycol; rumen; sulfur-containing gases; volatile fatty acids ID GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSITION DAIRY-COWS; ALLIUM-CEPA L; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; FEED-INTAKE; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; RUMEN MICROBES; TOXICOSIS AB Bovine rumen fluid was fermented anaerobically with 25 mM R-propylene glycol, S-propylene glycol, or glycerol added. After 24 h, all of the propylene glycol enantiomers and approximately 80% of the glycerol were metabolized. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and caproate concentrations, in decreasing order, all increased with incubation time. Addition of any of the three substrates somewhat decreased acetate formation, while addition of either propylene glycol increased propionate formation but decreased that of butyrate. R- and S-propylene glycol did not differ significantly in either their rates of disappearance or the products formed when they were added to the fermentation medium. Fermentations of rumen fluid containing propylene glycol emitted the sulfur-containing gases 1-propanethiol, 1-(methylthio)propane, methylthiirane, 2,4-dimethylthiophene, 1-(methylthio)-1-propanethiol, dipropyl disulfide, 1-(propylthio)-1-propanethiol, dipropyl trisulfide, 3,5-diethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane, 2-ethyl-1,3-dithiane, and 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trithiane. Metabolic pathways that yield each of these gases are proposed. The sulfur-containing gases produced during propylene glycol fermentation in the rumen may contribute to the toxic effects seen in cattle when high doses are administered for therapeutic purposes. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reilly, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reilly@iastate.edu RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014; OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 49 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 7043 EP 7051 DI 10.1021/jf071076i PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199XF UT WOS:000248727800035 PM 17655323 ER PT J AU Kozukue, N Park, MS Choi, SH Lee, SU Ohnishi-Kameyama, M Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Kozukue, Nobuyuki Park, Mal-Sun Choi, Suk-Hyun Lee, Seung-Un Ohnishi-Kameyama, Mayumi Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Kinetics of light-induced cis-trans isomerization of four piperines and their levels in ground black peppers as determined by HPLC and LC/MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE piperine; isopiperine; chavicine; isochavicine; black peppers; photoisomerization; HPLC; LC-MS ID HIGH-FAT DIET; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTAINING FOODS; EXTRACTS; LONGUM; RATS; EFFICACY; NIGRUM; AMIDES; FRUITS AB The pungent compounds piperine and isomers thereof, secondary metabolites present in black and white pepper fruit, undergo light-induced isomerizations. To facilitate studies in this area, an HPLC method has been developed for analysis and isolation of the following four possible piperine-derived photoinduced isomers: piperine, isopiperine, chavicine, and isochavicine. The limits of detection (LOD) estimated from calibration plots were similar to 15-30 ng for each isomer. Reproducibilities of the analyses were excellent, and recoveries of spiked samples were as follows (average +/- SD; n = 3): chavicine, 98.4 +/- 2.1%; isopiperine, 96.2 +/- 3.2%; piperine, 104 +/- 3.8%; isochavicine, 98.9 +/- 3.0%. To determine the kinetics of these isomerizations, fluorescent light, sunlight, and UV radiation at 254 nm was used to induce cis-trans geometric isomerization as a function of light intensities and time of exposure determined with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography with diode array UV detection-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD/MS). HPLC was also used to determine the distribution of the isomers in four commercial ground black pepper products used as spices in culinary practice. Isomerization increased with light intensities and time of exposure and leveled off at the so-called photostationary phases. The piperine levels of the four products were quite similar, ranging (in wt %) from 10.17 to 11.68. The amounts of the other three isomers ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 of the total for chavicine; from 0.15 to 0.23 for isopiperine; and from 0.37 to 0.42 for isochavicine. The results establish the utility of the HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of the four isomers both in pure form and in black pepper extracts. The dietary significance of the results is discussed. C1 Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. Kyungdong Coll Technoinformat, Dept Food & Bevarage, Geongsan 712904, Gyongbuk, South Korea. Natl Food Res Inst, Mass Anal Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, San 50 Yugeom, Gyongju 780713, Gyongbuk, South Korea. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 7131 EP 7139 DI 10.1021/jf070831p PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 199XF UT WOS:000248727800046 PM 17661483 ER PT J AU Stranges, S Marshall, JR Natarajan, R Donahue, RP Trevisan, M Combs, GF Cappuccio, FP Ceriello, A Reid, ME AF Stranges, Saverio Marshall, James R. Natarajan, Raj Donahue, Richard P. Trevisan, Maurizio Combs, Gerald F. Cappuccio, Francesco P. Ceriello, Antonio Reid, Mary E. TI Effects of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes - A randomized trial SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; VITAMIN-E; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; NUTRITIONAL PREVENTION; CANCER PREVENTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RISK; ANTIOXIDANT; MICE AB Background: Findings from animal models suggest that selenium supplementation improves glucose metabolism. Objective: To examine the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Areas of low selenium consumption of the eastern United States. Patients: 1202 persons seen in dermatology clinics who did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline. Intervention: Oral administration of selenium, 200 mu g/d, or placebo. Measurements: Incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results: During an average follow-up of 7.7 years (SD, 2.7), type 2 diabetes developed in 58 selenium recipients and 39 placebo recipients (incidence, 12.6 cases per 1000 person-years vs. 8.4 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.55 [95% Cl, 1.03 to 2.33]). The lack of benefit of selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes persisted in analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. An exposure-response gradient was found across tertiles of baseline plasma selenium level, with a statistically significantly increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the highest tertile of baseline plasma selenium level (hazard ratio, 2.70 [Cl, 1.30 to 5.61]). Limitations: Diabetes was a secondary outcome in the parent trial. Diagnoses of diabetes were self-reported but were validated in most participants. The sample was mostly older and white. Conclusions: Selenium supplementation does not seem to prevent type 2 diabetes, and it may increase risk for the disease. C1 Univ Hosp Coventry & Warwickshire, Warwick Med Sch, Inst Sci Res Inst, Coventry CV2 2DX, England. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Canc Prevent & Populat Sci, Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY USA. Warwick Med Sch, Clin Scli Res Inst, Coventry, England. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Stranges, S (reprint author), Univ Hosp Coventry & Warwickshire, Warwick Med Sch, Inst Sci Res Inst, Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry CV2 2DX, England. EM s.stranges@warwick.ac.uk RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010; Cappuccio, Francesco/D-3028-2009; OI Cappuccio, Francesco Paolo/0000-0002-7842-5493 NR 38 TC 279 Z9 295 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 4 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 201AP UT WOS:000248804200001 PM 17620655 ER PT J AU Li, XL Spanikova, S de Vries, RP Biely, P AF Li, Xin-Liang Spanikova, Silvia de Vries, Ronald P. Biely, Peter TI Identification of genes encoding microbial glucuronoyl esterases SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lignocellulose; glucuronoxylan; glucuronoyl esterase; microorganisms; Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; FUNGUS TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE I; ACID; DEGRADATION; CELLULASE; LINKAGE; XYLANASES; STRAINS; BONDS AB One type of covalent linkages connecting lignin and hemicellulose in plant cell walls is the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid of glucuronoxylan and lignin alcohols. An enzyme that could hydrolyze such linkages, named glucuronoyl esterase, occurs in the cellulolytic system of the wood-rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune. Here we report partial amino acid sequences of the enzyme and the results of subsequent search for homologous genes in sequenced genomes. The homologous genes of unknown functions were found in genomes of several filamentous fungi and one bacterium. The gene corresponding to the cip2 gene of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei), known to be up-regulated under conditions of induction of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, was over-expressed in H. jecorina. The product of the cip2 gene was purified to homogeneity and shown to exhibit glucuronoyl esterase activity. (c) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Microbiol, NL-83584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Biely, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. EM chempbsa@savba.sk RI de Vries, Ronald/F-8125-2011 OI de Vries, Ronald/0000-0002-4363-1123 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 21 BP 4029 EP 4035 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.041 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 204XS UT WOS:000249077900023 PM 17678650 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Bosma, Wayne B. Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Momany, Frank A. TI COMP 450-IR Spectra by DFT for glucose and its epimers: A comparison between vacuum and solvated spectra SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, Frank A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bosma@bradley.edu; schnupf@ncaur.usda.gov; willettjl@ncaur.usda.gov; momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 450-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906066 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Prevost, N Strahan, G AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette Strahan, Gary TI I&EC 10-Synthesis and characterization of branched-chain derivatives of methyl oleate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dailey, Oliver D., Jr.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Strahan, Gary] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov; nprevost@srrc.ars.usda.gov; gary.strahan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 10-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903826 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Sanders, TH AF Davis, Jack P. Sanders, Timothy H. TI AGFD 15-Interfacial properties of raw and roasted peanut oils as related to emulsification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, Jack P.; Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, ARS,SAA,Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jack_davis@ncsu.edu; tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 15-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900268 ER PT J AU Dean, LL Sanders, TH AF Dean, Lisa L. Sanders, Timothy H. TI AGFD 73-Process induced changes in resveratrol in peanuts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dean, Lisa L.; Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, ARS,SAA,Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lloehrl@unity.ncsu.edu; tim_sanders@ncsu.edu RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 73-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900266 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Servim Z. TI I&EC 16-Stability and friction-reducing properties of epoxidized oleoochemical methyl esters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Erhan, Servim Z.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov; Sevim.Erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 16-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903792 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Schrader, KK Cantrell, CL Meepagala, KM Wedge, DE Dayan, FE AF Duke, Stephen O. Schrader, Kevin K. Cantrell, Charles L. Meepagala, Kumudini M. Wedge, David E. Dayan, Franck E. TI AGRO 105-Phytochemicals for pest control SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Schrader, Kevin K.; Cantrell, Charles L.; Meepagala, Kumudini M.; Wedge, David E.; Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu; kschrade@olemiss.edu; cicantrl@olemiss.edu; kmeepaga@olemiss.edu; dwedge@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 105-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900433 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Liu, ZS AF Erhan, Sevim Z. Liu, Zengshe TI POLY 396-Soy-based polymers and their applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Erhan, Sevim Z.; Liu, Zengshe] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sevim.erhan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 396-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908559 ER PT J AU Fabrick, JA Morin, S Carrier, Y Dennehy, TJ Tabashnik, BE AF Fabrick, Jeffrey A. Morin, Shai Carrier, Yves Dennehy, Timothy J. Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI AGRO 104-DNA screening to monitor pink bollworm resistance to Bt cotton SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fabrick, Jeffrey A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Morin, Shai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Carrier, Yves; Dennehy, Timothy J.; Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jfabrick@wcrl.ars.usda.gov; morin@agri.huji.ac.il; ycarrier@ag.arizona.edu; tdennehy@ag.arizona.edu; brucet@ag.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 104-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900407 ER PT J AU Farre, M Rubio, F Asperger, D Lacorte, S Petrovic, M Shelver, WL Barcelo, D AF Farre, Marinella Rubio, Fernando Asperger, Daniela Lacorte, Silvia Petrovic, Mira Shelver, Weilin L. Barcelo, Damia TI AGRO 3-Evaluation of a high-throughput magnetic-particle triclosan immunoassay and results of their application for continental waters monitoring in the Mediterranean area SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farre, Marinella; Lacorte, Silvia; Petrovic, Mira; Barcelo, Damia] CSIC, IIQAB, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Rubio, Fernando] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Asperger, Daniela] Univ Zagreb, Fac Chem Engn & Technol, Dept Analyt Chem, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mfuqam@cid.csic.es; frubio@abraxiskits.com; shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Petrovic, MIra/L-1789-2014; lacorte, silvia/M-5649-2014 OI Petrovic, MIra/0000-0001-9734-1933; lacorte, silvia/0000-0001-7192-4057 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 3-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900526 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI AGFD 238-Overview of possible approaches to reducing the acrylamide content of the diet SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Mendel] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 238-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900179 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE Avena-Bustillos, RJ Olsen, CW McHugh, TH AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Olsen, Carl W. McHugh, Tara H. TI AGFD 69-Stability of the plant antimicrobial carvacrol in edible tomato/pectin puree films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov; cel@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 69-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900154 ER PT J AU Gilbes, BJ Halaweish, FT Visser, J Rosentrater, K AF Gilbes, Blanca J. Halaweish, Fathi T. Visser, Jerry Rosentrater, Kurt TI AGFD 184-Use of DDGS as a biocomposite layered fabrication material SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gilbes, Blanca J.; Halaweish, Fathi T.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Visser, Jerry] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt] S Dakota State Univ, USDA, ARS, NGIRL, Brookings 57006, SD USA. EM Blanca.Gilbes@sdstate.edu; fathi.halaweish@sdstate.edu; Jerry.Visser@sdstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 184-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900281 ER PT J AU Giovannoni, JJ AF Giovannoni, James J. TI AGFD 31-Genetic regulation of carotenoid metabolism during tomato fruit ripening SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Giovannoni, James J.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 31-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900314 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Griffin, DL Johnston, JJ AF Goldade, D. A. Griffin, Doreen L. Johnston, John J. TI AGRO 12-Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues from eggs and liver SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldade, D. A.; Griffin, Doreen L.; Johnston, John J.] USDA APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM David.A.Goldade@usda.gov; john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 12-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900420 ER PT J AU Henderson, KLD Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Henderson, Keri L. D. Moorman, Thomas B. Coats, Joel R. TI AGRO 38-Fate of sulfamethazine in surface water microcosms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Henderson, Keri L. D.; Coats, Joel R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hendersk@iastate.edu; jcoats@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 38-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900419 ER PT J AU Hinton, MR Dowd, MK Nicholson, B Kiely, DE AF Hinton, Michael R. Dowd, Michael K. Nicholson, Brian Kiely, Donald E. TI Monte Carlo MM3(96) conformational analysis and X-ray crystal analysis of N,N '-dimethylxylaramide as a mimic for xylaric acid derived polyhydroxypolyamides (PHPAs) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hinton, Michael R.; Kiely, Donald E.] Univ Montana, Shafizadeh Rocky Mt Ctr Wood & Carbohydrate Chem, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Nicholson, Brian] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM Michael.Hinton@umontana.edu; mkdowd@nola.srrc.usda.gov; b.nicholson@waikato.ac.nz; donkiely@selway.umt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 84-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901525 ER PT J AU Hinton, MR Dowd, MK Nicholson, B Kiely, DE AF Hinton, Michael R. Dowd, Michael K. Nicholson, Brian Kiely, Donald E. TI Monte Carlo MM3(96) conformational analyses of N,N '-dimethylylaramide, N,N '-dimethyl-L-arabinaramide and their 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl derivatives: Some comparisons SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hinton, Michael R.; Kiely, Donald E.] Univ Montana, Shafizadeh Rocky Mt Ctr Wood & Carbohydrate Chem, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Dowd, Michael K.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Nicholson, Brian] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM Michael.Hinton@umontana.edu; mkdowd@nola.srrc.usda.gov; b.nicholson@waikato.ac.nz; donkiely@selway.umt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 83-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901524 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD Weaver, MA AF Hoagland, Robert E. Boyette, Clyde Douglas Weaver, Mark A. TI AGRO 66-Hydrolytic enzymes produced by a bioherbicidal strain of Myrothecium verrucaria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoagland, Robert E.; Boyette, Clyde Douglas; Weaver, Mark A.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 66-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900457 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ AF Johnston, John J. TI AGRO 148-AGRO sympsia: Past and future SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnston, John J.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 148-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900518 ER PT J AU Jong, L Byars, JA AF Jong, Lei Byars, Jeffrey A. TI Flow properties of natural rubber composites filled with defatted soy flour SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jong, Lei] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Byars, Jeffrey A.] USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov; jeffrey.byars@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 280-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905568 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Fisher, D AF Joseph, J. A. Shukitt-Hale, B. Fisher, D. TI AGFD 212-The multiple beneficial properties of fruits and vegetables in brain aging: Turning back the ravages of time SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joseph, J. A.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Fisher, D.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 212-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900232 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI FUEL 37-Designing a biodiesel fuel with optimized fatty acid composition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Knothe, Gerhard] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 37-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903600 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Rooney, A Isbell, TA AF Kuo, Tsung Min Rooney, Alejandro Isbell, Terry A. TI Production of 14-oxo-cis-11-eicosenoic acid from lesquerolic acid by genetically variable Sphingobacterium multivorum strains SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kuo, Tsung Min; Rooney, Alejandro] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Isbell, Terry A.] ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov; rooney@ncaur.usda.gov; isbellta@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 281-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903008 ER PT J AU Lin, WB Zafiropoulos, NA Ngo, HL Samulski, ET Foglia, TA AF Lin, Wenbin Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A. Ngo, Helen L. Samulski, Edward T. Foglia, Thomas A. TI FUEL 36-Catalytic production of biodiesel from high fatty acid-containing feedstocks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Wenbin; Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A.; Samulski, Edward T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ngo, Helen L.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wlin@unc.edu; nzafirop@email.unc.edu; helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov; thomas.foglia@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 36-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903532 ER PT J AU Liu, CK AF Liu, Cheng-Kung TI Hysteresis and stress relaxation studies for a fibrous collagen material: Chrome-free leather SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung] USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Chengkung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 513-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905631 ER PT J AU McConnel, L AF McConnel, Laura TI AGRO 152-AGRO strategic planning: A recipe for success! SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McConnel, Laura] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byproducts Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 152-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900519 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, Marjorie B. TI AGRO 17-Red fluorescent dyes for immunochemical detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Medina, Marjorie B.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marjorie.medina@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 17-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900434 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Mayer, J Kalt, W AF Milbury, Paul E. Mayer, Jean Kalt, Wilhelmina TI AGFD 5-Distribution of anthocyanins in pig tissues after long-term blueberry feeding SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kalt, Wilhelmina] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Milbury, Paul E.; Mayer, Jean] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.milbury@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 5-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900230 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Paul, S Suh, N Rimando, AM AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Paul, Shiby Suh, Nanjoo Rimando, Agnes M. TI MEDI 126-Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by structural analogs of pterostilbene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Paul, Shiby] Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Suh, Nanjoo] Rutgers State Univ, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, Dept Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM cmizuno@olemiss.edu; shiby@eden.rutgers.edu; nsuh@rci.rutgers.edu; arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 126-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906568 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB AF Momany, Frank A. Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. TI COMP 479-DFT studies of hydrated carbohydrates: DFT molecular dynamics simulations at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Momany, Frank A.; Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov; schnupf@ncaur.usda.gov; willettjl@ncaur.usda.gov; bosma@bradley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 479-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906067 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Reddy, KN Poston, DH Reddy, KR AF Nandula, Vijay K. Reddy, Krishna N. Poston, Daniel H. Reddy, K. Raja TI AGRO 45-Investigations into physiological differences between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible horseweed biotypes from Mississippi SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nandula, Vijay K.; Poston, Daniel H.] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39792 USA. EM vknandula@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 45-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900430 ER PT J AU Pan, ZQ Baerson, SR Rimando, AM Duke, SO AF Pan, Zhiqiang Baerson, Scott R. Rimando, Agnes M. Duke, Stephen O. TI AGFD 22-Functional characterization of novel fatty acid desturases likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of the allelochemical sorgoleone from Sorghum bicolor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pan, Zhiqiang; Baerson, Scott R.; Rimando, Agnes M.; Duke, Stephen O.] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM zpan@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 22-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900323 ER PT J AU Park, B Fu, J Zhao, Y Siragusa, GR Cho, YJ AF Park, Bosoon Fu, Junxue Zhao, Yiping Siragusa, Gregory R. Cho, Yong-Jin TI AGRO 128-Food pathogen detection using Au/Si nanorods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Park, Bosoon; Siragusa, Gregory R.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fu, Junxue; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Cho, Yong-Jin] Korea Food Res Inst, Songnam, South Korea. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov; siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 128-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900472 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Jong, L AF Peterson, Steven C. Jong, Lei TI PMSE 378 - Effect of starch swelling on the composite modulus of low- and high-gluten wheat flours and carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Peterson, Steven C.; Jong, Lei] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Steve.Peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 378-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905592 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ AF Petroski, Richard J. Bartelt, Robert J. TI AGFD 179-Synthesis of a dimethylfuran-containing macrolide insect pheromone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Petroski, Richard J.; Bartelt, Robert J.] USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res,REE, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Petroski@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 179-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900159 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Strickland, TC Truman, CC Bosch, DD Webster, T AF Potter, Thomas L. Strickland, Timothy C. Truman, Clint C. Bosch, David D. Webster, Ted TI AGRO 142-Irrigation incorporation and tillage impacts on runoff, erosion and preemergence herbicide loss SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Potter, Thomas L.; Strickland, Timothy C.; Truman, Clint C.; Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Webster, Ted] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM tom.potter@ars.usda.gov; tim.strickland@ars.usda.gov; clint.truman@ars.usda.gov; david.bosch@ars.usda.gov; ted.webster@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 142-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900401 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Wermager, CR Johnston, JJ AF Primus, Thomas M. Wermager, Chad R. Johnston, John J. TI AGRO 11-Determination of chlorophacinone in prairie dogs by microwave extraction and ion-pairing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with confirmation by HPLC/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Primus, Thomas M.; Wermager, Chad R.; Johnston, John J.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM thomas.m.primus@aphis.usda.gov; chad.r.wermager@aphis.usda.gov; johnj.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 11-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900488 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Howard, L Gu, L Hager, A Rooney, L AF Prior, R. L. Howard, L. Gu, L. Hager, A. Rooney, L. TI AGFD 209-Procyanidins: Effects of source and extrusion conditions on structure, degradation and absorption/metabolism SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Prior, R. L.; Gu, L.] ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Howard, L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Rooney, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 72704 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu; LukeH@uark.edu; hageraaron@uams.edu; LRooney@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 209-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900228 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, X Hager, TJ Howard, L AF Prior, R. L. Wu, X. Hager, T. J. Howard, L. TI AGFD 4-Absorption of anthocyanins from berries: Metabolic products and influence of glycoside SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Prior, R. L.; Wu, X.] USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72023 USA. [Hager, T. J.; Howard, L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu; wuxianli@uams.edu; hagertiffanyj@uams.edu; LukeH@uark.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 4-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900146 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Tomasula, PM AF Qi, Phoebe X. Tomasula, Peggy M. TI AGFD 14-Calcium-induced supramolecular structures in the calcium caseinate system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Qi, Phoebe X.; Tomasula, Peggy M.] USDA ARS, ERRC, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Phoebe.Qi@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 14-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900191 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Pan, Z Baerson, SR AF Rimando, Agnes M. Pan, Zhiqiang Baerson, Scott R. TI AGFD 153-Identification of the unusual hexadecatrienoic acid starter unit for the biosynthesis of the allelochemical sorgoleone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.; Pan, Zhiqiang; Baerson, Scott R.] USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; zpan@olemiss.edu; sbaerson@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 153-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900223 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, Frank A. TI COMP 447-DFT studies of DP-3 amylose fragments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Willett, J. L.; Momany, Frank A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM schnupf@ncaur.usda.gov; willettjl@ncaur.usda.gov; bosma@bradley.edu; momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 447-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906064 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Mohamed, A Byars, JA AF Sessa, David J. Mohamed, Abdellatif Byars, Jeffrey A. TI I&EC 29-Chemistry and physical properties of melt processed- and solution- cross linked corn zein SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sessa, David J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mohamed, Abdellatif] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sessadj@ncaur.usda.gov; abdellatif.mohamed@ars.usda.gov; jeffrey.byars@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 29-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903761 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Rubio, F AF Shelver, Weilin L. Rubio, Fernando TI AGRO 7-Application and validation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers immunoassay for environmental and food matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Rubio, Fernando] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov; frubio@abraxiskits.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 7-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900523 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Smith, KT Jellison, J AF Shortle, Walter C. Smith, Kevin T. Jellison, Jody TI GEOC 90-Potential of wood-decay fungi for Ca enrichment and reduction of Al-induced stress in spruce forests SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jellison, Jody] Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM wshortle@fsfed.us; ktsmith@fsfed.us; jellison@maine.maine.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 90-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902828 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Craig, AM Duringer, JM Chaney, RL AF Smith, David J. Craig, A. Morrie Duringer, Jennifer M. Chaney, Rufus L. TI AGRO 10-Distribution and residues of orally administered 2,4,6-trinitro-14C-toluene in ruminating sheep SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Duringer, Jennifer M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 10-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900493 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, Randal S. Johnston, John J. TI AGRO 55-Development of a single chiral HPLC method for the separation of brodifacoum enantiomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stahl, Randal S.; Johnston, John J.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 55-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900385 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Eller, FJ Wang, LP Jane, JL Wang, T Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Eller, Fred J. Wang, Liping Jane, Jay lin Wang, Tong Inglett, George E. TI AGFD 110-Fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of pumpkin seed oil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stevenson, David G.] USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Eller, Fred J.] USDA, ARS, NCAUR, New Crops Prod Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wang, Liping] Microconstants, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Jane, Jay lin; Wang, Tong] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Inglett, George E.] USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ars.usda.gov; Fred.Eller@ars.usda.gov; lwang@microconstants.com; jjane@iastate.edu; tongwang@iastate.edu; inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 110-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900379 ER PT J AU Techen, N Joshi, V Avula, B Pan, ZQ Khan, IA Scheffler, B AF Techen, Natascha Joshi, Vaishali Avula, Bharathi Pan, Zhiqiang Khan, Ikhlas A. Scheffler, Brian TI AGFD 18-Important aspects of authenticating medicinal plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Techen, Natascha; Joshi, Vaishali; Avula, Bharathi; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang] Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] USDA, ARS, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ntechen@olemiss.edu; ntechen@olemiss.edu; ntechen@olemiss.edu; zpan@olemiss.edu; bscheffler@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 18-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900378 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI AF Tunick, Michael H. Onwulata, Charles I. TI AGFD 171-Rheology of extruded whey protein isolate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tunick, Michael H.; Onwulata, Charles I.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 171-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900256 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Zheng, W Ashworth, D AF Yates, S. R. Zheng, Wei Ashworth, Daniel TI AGRO 84-Estimating fumigant emissions from agricultural soils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yates, S. R.; Ashworth, Daniel] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov; wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov; dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 84-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900414 ER PT J AU Zafiropoulos, NA Ngo, HL Samulski, ET Foglia, TA Lin, WB AF Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A. Ngo, Helen L. Samulski, Edward T. Foglia, Thomas A. Lin, Wenbin TI INOR 162-Mesoporous silica-supported catalysts for the production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing feedstocks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A.; Samulski, Edward T.; Lin, Wenbin] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ngo, Helen L.; Foglia, Thomas A.] USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Oils & Anim Coproducts Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nzafirop@email.unc.edu; helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov; et@unc.edu; tfoglia@errc.ars.usda.gov; wlin@unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 162-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909662 ER PT J AU Zafiropoulos, NA Ngo, HL Samulski, ET Foglia, TA Lin, WB AF Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A. Ngo, Helen L. Samulski, Edward T. Foglia, Thomas A. Lin, Wenbin TI New mesoporous silica-supported acid catalysts for the production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing feedstocks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A.; Samulski, Edward T.; Lin, Wenbin] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ngo, Helen L.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, MA 19038 USA. EM nzafirop@email.unc.edu; helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov; et@unc.edu; thomas.foglia@ars.usda.gov; wlin@unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 53-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593904737 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Steenhard, NR Solano-Aguilar, GI Dawson, HD Iweala, OI Nagler, CR Noland, GS Kumar, N Anthony, RM Shea-Donohue, T Weinstock, J Gause, WC AF Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Steenhard, Nina R. Solano-Aguilar, Gloria I. Dawson, Harry D. Iweala, Onyinye I. Nagler, Cathryn R. Noland, Gregory S. Kumar, Nirbhay Anthony, Robert M. Shea-Donohue, Terez Weinstock, Joel Gause, William C. TI Infection with parasitic nematodes confounds vaccination efficacy SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Bayer HealthCare Anim Hlth, World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol, Ft Dodge Anim Hlth, Janssen Anim Hlth, Merial, Novartis Anim Hlth, Pfizer Anim Hlth DE Th2-associated immunity; immune modulating parasitic infection; cytokine gene expression; protective immunity ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; REGULATORY T-CELLS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IN-VIVO; RESPONSES; PROTECTION; ANTIGEN; TUBERCULOSIS; MALARIA AB T helper (Th) cells produce signature cytokine patterns, induced largely by intracellular versus extracellular pathogens that provide the cellular and molecular basis for counter regulatory expression of protective immunity during concurrent infections. The production of IL- 12 and IFN-gamma, for example, resulting from exposure to many bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens is responsible for Th I derived protective responses that also can inhibit development of Th2-cells expressing IL-4-dependent immunity to extracellular helminth parasites and vice versa. In a similar manner, concurrent helminth infection alters optimal vaccine-induced responses in humans and livestock; however, the consequences of this condition have not been adequately studied especially in the context of a challenge infection following vaccination. Demands for new and effective vaccines to control chronic and emerging diseases, and the need for rapid deployment of vaccines for bio security concerns requires a systematic evaluation of confounding factors that limit vaccine efficacy. One common albeit overlooked confounder is the presence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in populations of humans and livestock targeted for vaccination. This is particularly important in areas of the world were helminth infections are prevalent, but the interplay between parasites and emerging diseases that can be transmitted worldwide make this a global issue. In addition, it is not clear if the epidemic in allergic disease in industrialized countries substitutes for geohelminth infection to interfere with effective vaccination regimens. This presentation will focus on recent vaccination studies in mice experimentally infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus to model the condition of gastrointestinal parasite infestation in mammalian populations targeted for vaccination. In addition, a large animal vaccination and challenge model against Mycoplasma hyopneumonia in swine exposed to Ascaris suum will provide a specific example of the need for further work in this area, and for controlled field studies to assess the impact of other similar scenarios. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Dept Vet Pathobiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Immunol & Inflammatory Dis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Genet & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Urban, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, DGIL, Bldg 307C,Room 214 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joe.urban@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-07, AI031678, AI047089, AI049316, AI066188, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-09, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI031678-13, R01 AI031678-14, R01 AI047089, R01 AI049316, R01 AI066188]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK055678, DK058755, R01 DK055678, R01 DK058755, R56 DK058755] NR 28 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1 SI SI BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.006 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 196EP UT WOS:000248464800003 PM 17587500 ER PT J AU Mitreva, M Zarlenga, DS McCarter, JP Jasmer, DP AF Mitreva, Makedonka Zarlenga, Dante S. McCarter, James P. Jasmer, Douglas P. TI Parasitic nematodes - From genomes to control SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Bayer HealthCare Anim Hlth, World Assoc Advancement Vet Parasitol, Ft Dodge Anim Hlth, Janssen Anim Hlth, Merial, Novartis Anim Hlth, Pfizer Anim Hlth DE parasitic nematodes; expressed sequence tags; genomics; genetics; anthelmintics; vaccines ID SUPPRESSIVE-SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; INFECTIVE LARVAL STAGE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; RNA INTERFERENCE; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ASCARIS-SUUM C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mitreva, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, Dept Genet, 4444 Forest Pk Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM mmitreva@watson.wustl.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 46593] NR 109 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.008 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 196EP UT WOS:000248464800005 PM 17560034 ER PT J AU Ali, S Shultz, JL Ikram-ul-Haq AF Ali, Sikander Shultz, Jeffry L. Ikram-ul-Haq TI High performance microbiological transformation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa by Yarrowia lipolytica NRRL-143 SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPASE PRODUCTION; REMOVAL; STABILITY; MIXTURES; CATECHOL; PHENOLS AB Background: The 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl L-alanine (L-dopa) is a drug of choice for Parkinson's disease, controlling changes in energy metabolism enzymes of the myocardium following neurogenic injury. Aspergillus oryzae is commonly used for L-dopa production; however, potential improvements in ease of handling, growth rate and environmental impact have led to an interest in exploiting alternative yeasts. The two important elements required for L-dopa production are intracellular tyrosinases (thus pre-grown yeast cells are required for the transformation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa) and L-ascorbate, which acts as a reducing agent. Results: Pre-grown cells of Yarrowia lipolytica NRRL-143 were used for the microbiological transformation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa. Different diatomite concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/ml) were added to the acidic (pH 3.5) reaction mixture. Maximum L-dopa biosynthesis (2.96 mg/ml L-dopa from 2.68 mg/ml L-tyrosine) was obtained when 2.0 mg/ml diatomite was added 15 min after the start of the reaction. After optimizing reaction time (30 min), and yeast cell concentration (2.5 mg/ml), an overall 12.5 fold higher L-dopa production rate was observed when compared to the control. Significant enhancements in Y-p/s, Q(s) and q(s) over the control were observed. Conclusion: Diatomite (2.0 mg/ml) addition 15 min after reaction commencement improved microbiological transformation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa (3.48 mg/ml; p <= 0.05) by Y. lipolytica NRRL-143. A 35% higher substrate conversion rate was achieved when compared to the control. C1 GC Univ Lahore, IIB, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ali, S (reprint author), GC Univ Lahore, IIB, Katchehry Rd, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. EM alisbiotech@yahoo.com; jshultz@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; ikrlraq@yahoo.com RI Haq, Ikram/I-7278-2015 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 50 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-7-50 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 226MS UT WOS:000250593800002 PM 17705832 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Hubbard, RM Kloeppel, BD Vose, JM AF Ford, Chelcy R. Hubbard, Robert M. Kloeppel, Brian D. Vose, James M. TI A comparison of sap flux-based evapotranspiration estimates with catchment-scale water balance SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE scaling; sap flux density; sapwood area; transpiration; validation ID EASTERN WHITE-PINE; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; FOREST STANDS; FLOW MEASUREMENT; RADIAL PATTERNS; JAPANESE CEDAR; VAPOR FLUX; SCOTS PINE; TREES; CONDUCTANCE AB Many researchers are using sap flux to estimate tree-level transpiration, and to scale to stand- and catchment-level transpiration; yet studies evaluating the comparability of sap flux-based estimates of transpiration (E,) with alternative methods for estimating Et at this spatial scale are rare. Our ability to accurately scale from the probe to the tree to the watershed has not yet been demonstrated, nor do we know the relative impact of the main sources of variability on our scaled estimates. Accounting for the variability in the radial distribution of sap flux within the sapwood, the variability of transpiration among trees and between plots within the catchment, and the variability in stand density, sapwood area, and leaf area are critical for making landscape inferences about transpiration. During 2004 and 2005, we continuously monitored 40 trees in three plots within a :13.5-ha gauged watershed comprising a 50year-old eastern white pine plantation within the Coweeta Basin in western North Carolina, USA. We scaled sap flux-based estimates of stand transpiration (E) and surface area-based estimates of stand interception (E-i) to the catchment and compared these with water balance estimates of evapotranspiration (E, precipitation minus runoff, P - R-o). For both years, the sum of sap flux scaled E, and Ei were 14 and 7% lower than evapotranspiration estimated from P - R-o. Our results show that a considerable amount of variation exists at each scaling step encountered; however, a simple scaling exercise revealed that omitting among plot variation affected the sap flux scaled E, estimate by 48%. Thus, the largest source of variability in scaling to the landscape was landscape variation in stand density and sapwood area. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, FS, SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. USDA, FS, RMRS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Atlanta, GA 30602 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), USDA, FS, SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM chelcy.ford@gmail.com RI Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012; OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 45 TC 86 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.010 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 206GD UT WOS:000249171000004 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Singer, JW Prueger, JH DeSutter, TM Hatfield, JL AF Sauer, Thomas J. Singer, Jeremy W. Prueger, John H. DeSutter, Thomas M. Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Radiation balance and evaporation partitioning in a narrow-row soybean canopy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiation balance; evapotranspiration; soybean; Priestley-Taylor ID EDDY-COVARIANCE; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; PLANT-POPULATION; HEAT-FLUX; FIELD; DENSITY; YIELD; CROP; SURFACE; CARBON AB Seeding rate and row spacing of agricultural crops are managed to maximize yield but also have significant implications for energy partitioning and canopy microclimate. The objective of this study was to measure radiation budget components in a narrowrow soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] canopy, determine soil water evaporation (E) as the difference between measured evapotranspiration (ET) and plant transpiration (T), and compare measured E and T with estimates from an energy balance approach. The study was completed in a production soybean field near Ames, IA, with 350,000 plants ha (-1) in 0.38 m wide rows. The field was planted on 8 May 2004 and continuous measurements were made from 8 June to 27 September. Shortwave and longwave radiation components were measured above the canopy with hemispherical radiometers. Net all-wave and incoming and reflected shortwave radiation were measured beneath the canopy with line radiometers and downwelling longwave radiation was calculated from a radiation balance. ET was measured with an eddy covariance system and T was measured with sapflow stem gauges. On sunny days under full canopy conditions, nearly 90% of the shortwave and net radiation was attenuated by the canopy with over 80% of the available energy utilized by ET. E accounted for 8-12% of the ET under full canopy conditions although these percentages may be overestimates due to evaporation of dew present on the canopy. With such a large proportion of the available energy consumed by ET, fluxes of sensible heat (H) were very low and vertical temperature gradients across the soil-canopyatmosphere interface were only 2-3 degrees C. A Priestley-Taylor energy balance approach used to estimate E and T tended to underestimate E and overestimate T. The E underestimate may be due in part to E including evaporation of dew. Conversely, Twas overestimated by 25 and 14% on sunny days under full canopy conditions even with direct measurement of R interception by the canopy. Use of shortwave extinction coefficients to estimate R interception failed to improve Testimates significantly. The high-population, narrow-row planting strategy resulted in a dense canopy that, under full canopy conditions, resulted in very little light penetration or E. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.015 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 206GD UT WOS:000249171000007 ER PT J AU Ezeji, T Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, Thaddeus Qureshi, Nasib Blaschek, Hans P. TI Butanol production from agricultural residues: Impact of degradation products on Clostridium beijerinckii growth and butanol fermentation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acetone butanol ethanol (ABE); Clostridium beijerinckii BA101; lignocellulosic hydrolysate; corn fiber; DDGS; fermentation inhibitors ID ETHANOLOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYPERPRODUCING MUTANT BA101; ACETOBUTYLICUM; NCIMB-8052; DETOXIFICATION; PASTEURIANUM; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; ACETONE AB During pretreatment and hydrolysis of fiber-rich agricultural biomass, compounds such as salts, furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), acetic, ferulic, glucuronic, p-coumaric acids, and phenolic compounds are produced. Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 can utilize the individual sugars present in lignocellulosic [e.g., corn fiber, distillers dry grain solubles (DDGS), etc] hydrolysates such as cellobiose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose. In these studies we investigated the effect of some of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors associated with C. beijerinckii BA101 growth and acetone-butanol-ethanol, (ABE) production. When 0.3 g/L p-coumaric and ferulic acids were introduced into the fermentation medium, growth and ABE production by C beijerinckii BA101 decreased significantly. Furfural and HMF are not inhibitory to C. beijerinckii BA101; rather they have stimulatory effect on the growth of the microorganism and ABE production. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Blaschek, HP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM blaschek@uiuc.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 27 TC 255 Z9 285 U1 18 U2 107 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1460 EP 1469 DI 10.1002/bit.21373 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 191UZ UT WOS:000248158800012 PM 17274071 ER PT J AU Zhou, S Bechner, MC Place, M Churas, CP Pape, L Leong, SA Runnheim, R Forrest, DK Goldstein, S Livny, M Schwartz, DC AF Zhou, Shiguo Bechner, Michael C. Place, Michael Churas, Chris P. Pape, Louise Leong, Sally A. Runnheim, Rod Forrest, Dan K. Goldstein, Steve Livny, Miron Schwartz, David C. TI Validation of rice genome sequence by optical mapping SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; FINE PHYSICAL MAP; GENETIC-MAP; ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; DRAFT SEQUENCE; CLONES; DNA; CENTROMERE; UNCOVERS; CLUSTERS AB Background: Rice feeds much of the world, and possesses the simplest genome analyzed to date within the grass family, making it an economically relevant model system for other cereal crops. Although the rice genome is sequenced, validation and gap closing efforts require purely independent means for accurate finishing of sequence build data. Results: To facilitate ongoing sequencing finishing and validation efforts, we have constructed a whole-genome SwaI optical restriction map of the rice genome. The physical map consists of 14 contigs, covering 12 chromosomes, with a total genome size of 382.17 Mb; this value is about 11% smaller than original estimates. 9 of the 14 optical map contigs are without gaps, covering chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 10, and 12 in their entirety - including centromeres and telomeres. Alignments between optical and in silico restriction maps constructed from IRGSP (International Rice Genome Sequencing Project) and TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research) genome sequence sources are comprehensive and informative, evidenced by map coverage across virtually all published gaps, discovery of new ones, and characterization of sequence misassemblies; all totalling similar to 14 Mb. Furthermore, since optical maps are ordered restriction maps, identified discordances are pinpointed on a reliable physical scaffold providing an independent resource for closure of gaps and rectification of misassemblies. Conclusion: Analysis of sequence and optical mapping data effectively validates genome sequence assemblies constructed from large, repeat- rich genomes. Given this conclusion we envision new applications of such single molecule analysis that will merge advantages offered by high- resolution optical maps with inexpensive, but short sequence reads generated by emerging sequencing platforms. Lastly, map construction techniques presented here points the way to new types of comparative genome analysis that would focus on discernment of structural differences revealed by optical maps constructed from a broad range of rice subspecies and varieties. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, UW Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, CCRU, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schwartz, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, UW Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM szhou@wisc.edu; mbechner@lmcg.wisc.edu; mplace@wisc.edu; churas@lmcg.wisc.edu; lpape@wisc.edu; sal@plantpath.wisc.edu; rodr@lmcg.wisc.edu; forrest@lmcg.wisc.edu; steveg@lmcg.wisc.edu; miron@cs.wisc.edu; dcschwartz@wisc.edu RI Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 OI Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; NR 68 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 278 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-278 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 226BH UT WOS:000250561700001 PM 17697381 ER PT J AU Hessburg, PF Reynolds, KM Keane, RE James, KM Salter, RB AF Hessburg, Paul F. Reynolds, Keith M. Keane, Robert E. James, Kevin M. Salter, R. Brion TI Evaluating wildland fire danger and prioritizing vegetation and fuels treatments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EMDS; NetWeaver (R); decision support; landscape evaluation; fire danger; monitoring; forest restoration; fire hazard; fire behavior; ignition risk; wildiand-urban interface ID LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; FORESTS; VARIABILITY; USA AB We present a decision support application that evaluates danger of severe wildland fire and prioritizes subwatersheds for vegetation and fuels treatment. We demonstrate the use of the system with an example from the Rocky Mountain region in the State of Utah; a planning area of 4.8 million ha encompassing 575 subwatersheds. In a logic model, we evaluate fire danger as a function of three primary topics: fire hazard, fire behavior, and ignition risk. Each primary topic has secondary topics under which data are evaluated. The logic model shows the state of each evaluated watershed with respect to fire danger. In a decision model, we place summarized fire danger conditions of each watershed in the context of the amount of associated wildland-urban interface (WUI). The logic and decision models are executed in EMDS, a decision support system that operates in ArcGIS. We show that a decision criterion such as relationship to WUI can significantly influence the outcome of a decision to determine treatment priorities. For example, we show that subwatersheds that were in the relatively poor condition with respect to fire hazard, behavior, and ignition risk may not be the best candidates for treatment. Additional logistical factors such as proximity to population centers, presence of endangered species, slope steepness, and road access all might be taken into account in selection of specific watersheds within a management area for treatment. Thus, the ecological status of each ecosystem can be placed in one or more social values contexts to further inform decision-making. The application can be readily expanded to support strategic planning at national and regional scales, and tactical planning at local scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM phessburg@fs.fed.us RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 54 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.068 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200UD UT WOS:000248787400001 ER PT J AU Carter, EA Aust, WM Burger, JA AF Carter, Emily A. Aust, W. Michael Burger, James A. TI Soil strength response of select soil disturbance classes on a wet pine flat in South Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE harvest; bedding; wet pine flat; coastal plain; mole plowing; loblolly pine; disturbance classes ID WATER-CONTENT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SITE PREPARATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOREST SOILS; SANDY SOILS; COMPACTION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; DENSITY AB Harvest operations conducted under conditions of high soil moisture on a wet pine flat in South Carolina resulted in a high degree of soil surface disturbance. Less soil surface disturbance occurred when soil moisture content was lower. Soil strength varied by soil disturbance class in wet harvested locations and highly disturbed areas were associated with low soil strength and elevated levels of soil moisture. Soil strength levels in untrafficked locations were significantly higher than more disturbed classes including ruts greater than 0.20 m and puddled soils. The application of bedding to both wet and dry harvested locations lowered soil strength to less than 1.0 MPa in the upper 0.40 m. Mole plowing, in general, did not appear to have a significant impact on soil strength under the conditions of this study. However, soil strength of untrafficked areas increased when subjected to mole plowing. This may be the result of lowering soil moisture status and subsequently increasing soil strength in response to drier soil conditions. Further elaboration on the relationship among soil strength, disturbance conditions and machine trafficking is necessary to fully understand this complex interaction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Carter, EA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eacarter@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.026 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200UD UT WOS:000248787400014 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Nagel, LM AF Woodall, C. W. Nagel, L. M. TI Downed woody fuel loading dynamics of a large-scale blowdown in northern Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness; coarse woody debris; disturbance; stand dynamics; wind ID CATASTROPHIC WIND; HARDWOOD FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; DISTURBANCE; DAMAGE; WINDTHROW; LANDSCAPE; WISCONSIN; SEVERITY AB On July 4, 1999, a large-scale blowdown occurred in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) of northern Minnesota affecting up to 150,000 ha of forest. To further understand the relationship between downed woody fuel loading, stand processes, and disturbance effects, this study compares fuel loadings defined by three strata: (1) blowdown areas of the BWCAW (n = 34), (2) non-blowdown areas of the BWCAW (n = 55), and (3) the greater forest ecosystem in which the BWCAW lies (n = 228). Further, relationships between downed woody fuel estimates and standing tree attributes (stand basal area and trees per hectare) were compared among study strata. Results indicate that mean 100 and > 1000 h timelag fuel loadings in blowdown areas of the BWCAW (13.0 and 22.9 tonnes/ha, respectively) were substantially higher than those in both the non-blowdown areas of the BWCAW (5.8 and 16.3 tonnes/ha, respectively) and the greater forest ecosystem (6.5 and 11.3 tonnes/ha, respectively). There was no relationship between fuel loadings and trees per hectare or stand basal area. However, there did appear to be defined limits to maximum observed fuel loadings in relation to stand density attributes. This study suggests that relationships between a forest ecosystem's standing live and downed dead tree attributes are obscured by two contrasting events: widespread mortality from large-scale disturbances and the limited mortality from gradual stand development/small-scale disturbances. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.040 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200UD UT WOS:000248787400020 ER PT J AU Asbjornsen, H Tomer, MD Gomez-Cardenas, M Brudvig, LA Greenan, CM Schilling, K AF Asbjornsen, H. Tomer, M. D. Gomez-Cardenas, M. Brudvig, L. A. Greenan, C. M. Schilling, K. TI Tree and stand transpiration in a Midwestern bur oak savanna after elm encroachment and restoration thinning SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; oak savanna; restoration thinning; sap flow; transpiration; woody encroachment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; XYLEM SAP FLOW; WATER RELATIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; STOMATAL CONTROL; RADIAL PATTERNS; WHITE OAK; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS AB Oak savannas, once common in the Midwest, are now isolated remnants within agricultural landscapes. Savanna remnants are frequently encroached by invasive trees to become woodlands. Thinning and prescribed burning can restore savanna structure, but the ecohydrological effects of managing these remnants are poorly understood. In this study, we measured sap flow (J(s)) to quantify transpiration in an Iowa bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) savanna woodland encroached by elms (Ulmus americana), and in an adjacent restored savanna after thinning to remove elms, during summer 2004. Savanna oaks had greater mean daily J(s) (35.9 L dm(-2) day(-1)) than woodland oaks (20.7 L dm(-2) day(-1)) and elms (12.4 L dm(-2) day(-1)). The response of J(s) to vapor pressure deficit (D) was unexpectedly weak, although oaks in both stands showed negative correlation between daily J(s) and D for D > 0.4 kPa. An earlier daily peak in J(s) in the elm trees showed a possible advantage for water uptake. As anticipated, the woodland's stand transpiration was greater (1.23 nm day(-1)) than the savanna's (0.35 mm day(-1)), yet the savanna achieved 30% of the woodland's transpiration with only 11% of its sapwood area. The difference in transpiration influenced water table depths, which were 2 m in the savanna and 6.5 m in the woodland. Regionally, row-crop agriculture has increased groundwater recharge and raised water tables, providing surplus water that perhaps facilitated elm encroachment. This has implications for restoration of savanna remnants. If achieving a savanna ecohydrology is an aim of restoration, then restoration strategies may require buffers, or targeting of large or hydrologically isolated remnants. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Asbjornsen, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 239 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM hasbjorn@iastate.edu NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.043 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200UD UT WOS:000248787400022 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. TI Roost selection by male and female northern long-eared bats in a pine-dominated landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Myotis septentrionalis; Ouachita Mountains; partial harvesting; Pinus echinata; roost selection; snags ID MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; MATERNITY COLONIES; SITE SELECTION; BROWN BATS; FOREST; BECHSTEINII; ECOSYSTEM AB We radiotracked 17 male northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) to 43-day roosts and 23 females to 49-day roosts in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas during summers 2000-2005. We compared characteristics of roost trees between males and females, and compared characteristics of sites surrounding roosts with random locations for each sex. Roosts were located in cavities, crevices, and under loose bark, primarily in snags; 85% of male and 95% of female roosts were in snags. Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) was the most utilized tree species (71 % of roosts) and both sexes preferred (P < 0.05) pine snags over hardwood snags. Most (80%) snag roosts were in snags 10-24.9 cm dbh, but females roosted in snags of greater diameter than males and males tended to roost more in small (< 10 cm dbh) hardwoods than females. Female roost sites were more likely to have fewer large (>= 25 cm dbh) hardwoods, fewer midstory pines 5-9.9 cm dbh, fewer small (< 10 cm dbh) hardwood snags, more overstory pines >= 25 cm dbh, and more pine snags < 10 cm dbh than random sites. Most (55%) female roosts were located in pine-dominated stands that had undergone partial harvesting and midstory removal. Males were more likely to select sites with abundant large (>= 25 cm dbh) overstory pines, fewer small overstory pines (10-24.9 cm dbh), and more large pine snags >= 10 cm dbh than random. More male roosts (42%) were in unharvested stands than female roosts (24%), and females roosted at sites with fewer midstory trees than males. Our results demonstrate the importance of pine snags as roosting habitat for northern long-eared bats and the importance to females of snags located in relatively open forests in the Ouachita Mountains during summer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 75965, Japan. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.041 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 200UD UT WOS:000248787400023 ER PT J AU Aarnisalo, K Sheen, S Raaska, L Tamplin, M AF Aarnisalo, Kaarina Sheen, Shiowshuh Raaska, Laura Tamplin, Mark TI Modelling transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during slicing of 'gravad' salmon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; 'gravad' salmon; transfer; predictive modelling ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; SMOKED RAINBOW-TROUT; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; RISK ASSESSMENTS; PROCESSING PLANT; SHELF-LIFE; FISH; RECONTAMINATION; PREVALENCE; EQUIPMENT AB Transfer of a rifampicin-resistant mutant of Listeria monocytogenes from an inoculated slicing blade to slices of 'gravad' salmon (Salmo salar), and from inoculated salmon fillet to the slicing machine and subsequently to slices of uninoculated fillet was studied. The effect of slicing temperature (0 degrees C, 10 degrees C and room temperature), inoculum level (approx. 3, 5 and 8 log CFU/blade), and attachment time of inoculum to blade (10 min and 15 h) were investigated and predictive models of the transfer were produced. In the tests of transfer from inoculated blade (5.9-9.0 log CFU/blade) initially 2.5-5.3 log CFU/g was present on the slices, slowly decreasing to an overall average decrease of 1.6 +/- 0.2 log CFU/g during slicing of 39 slices; the lowest reduction being 1.3 log CFU/g at 0 degrees C. In tests of transfer from contaminated salmon (7.6 +/- 0.1 log CFU/fillet) to uninoculated blade and further to uninoculated salmon, the reduction in number of L. monocytogenes in slices was 1.5 log CFU/g during slicing of 39 slices. For example 5.3 +/- 0.3 log CFU/g was transferred to second slice when the inoculum level was 8.4 +/- 0.4 log CFU/blade, but clearly (P < 0.05) lower total number of L. monocytogenes were transferred to slices when the inoculum level was lower, the temperature was colder or the attachment time was longer. There was a progressive exponential reduction in the quantity of L. monocytogenes transferred and, based on statistical parameters, an exponential model (i,=a*e ((-xlb))) fit the data from different test conditions and was suitable for predicting an expected number of L. monocytogenes on the salmon slices. Based on the predicted values, the logarithmic reduction in number of L. monocytogenes in slices was highest at room temperature with an inoculum level of 8.4 0.4 log CFU/blade (attachment time 10 min); the other test conditions differed significantly from this (p < 0.05). Despite statistically significant differences, in all test conditions the number of bacteria were predicted to reduce quite rapidly (i.e. after slicing of the fourth fillet) to < I log CFU/g, though this prediction was an extrapolation after 39 slices. The predictive models described herein can assist salmon processors and regulatory agencies in assessing cross-contamination from contaminated slicing machines to product and in designing risk management strategies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 VTT, Tech Res Ctr Finland, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Tasmania, Australian Food Safety Ctr Excellence, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Aarnisalo, K (reprint author), VTT, Tech Res Ctr Finland, POB 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. EM kaarina.aarnisalo@vtt.fi NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.06.017 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 206DF UT WOS:000249163400009 PM 17651853 ER PT J AU Ingelsson, E Schaefer, EJ Contois, JH McNamara, JR Sullivan, L Keyes, MJ Pencina, MJ Schoonmaker, C Wilson, PWF D'Agostino, RB Vasan, RS AF Ingelsson, Erik Schaefer, Ernst J. Contois, John H. McNamara, Judith R. Sullivan, Lisa Keyes, Michelle J. Pencina, Michael J. Schoonmaker, Christopher Wilson, Peter W. F. D'Agostino, Ralph B. Vasan, Ramachandran S. TI Clinical utility of different lipid measures for prediction of coronary heart disease in men and women SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TREATMENT PANEL-III; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; REFERENCE INTERVALS; BETA-BLOCKERS; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA; GUIDELINES AB Context Evidence is conflicting regarding the performance of apolipoproteins vs traditional lipids for predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Objectives To compare performance of different lipid measures for CHD prediction using discrimination and calibration characteristics and reclassification of risk categories; to assess incremental utility of apolipoproteins over traditional lipids for CHD prediction. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based, prospective cohort from, Framingham, Massachusetts. We evaluated serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non HDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo B, and 3 lipid ratios ( total cholesterol: HDL-C, LDL-C: HDL-C, and apo B: apo A-I) in 3322 middle-aged white participants who attended the fourth offspring examination cycle (1987-1991) and were without cardiovascular disease. Fifty-three percent of the participants were women. Main Outcome Measure Incidence of first CHD event (recognized or unrecognized myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, or coronary heart disease death). Results After a median follow-up of 15.0 years, 291 participants, 198 of whom were men, developed CHD. In multivariate models adjusting for nonlipid risk factors, the apo B: apo A-I ratio predicted CHD (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.58 in men and HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.16-1.67 in women), but risk ratios were similar for total cholesterol: HDL-C (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58 in men and HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.17-1.66 in women) and for LDL-C: HDL-C (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54 in men and HR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.14-1.63 in women). In both sexes, models using the apo B: apo A-I ratio demonstrated performance characteristics comparable with but not better than that for other lipid ratios. The apo B: apo A-I ratio did not predict CHD risk in a model containing all components of the Framingham risk score including total cholesterol: HDL-C (P = .12 in men; P = .58 in women). Conclusions In this large, population-based cohort, the overall performance of apo B: apo A-I ratio for prediction of CHD was comparable with that of traditional lipid ratios but did not offer incremental utility over total cholesterol: HDL-C. These data do not support measurement of apo B or apo A-I in clinical practice when total cholesterol and HDL-C measurements are available. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Study, Framingham, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Cardiol Sect,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Sch Publ Hlth, Cardiol Sect,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Cardiol Sect,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Vasan, RS (reprint author), Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave,Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. EM vasan@bu.edu RI 应, 宁宁/G-9472-2011; OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2K24HL04334, N01-HC-25195] NR 39 TC 319 Z9 322 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 7 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.1001/jama.298.7.776 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 199XP UT WOS:000248728800022 PM 17699011 ER PT J AU Barry, JJ Buffington, JM King, JG AF Barry, Jeffrey J. Buffington, John M. King, John G. TI A general power equation for predicting bed load transport rates in gravel bed rivers (vol 40, art no W10401, 2007) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; FORMULAS C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Barry, JJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08702 DI 10.1029/2007WR006103 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 202LJ UT WOS:000248902800002 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Callahan, AM Artlip, TS Scorza, R Srinivasan, C AF Bassett, Carole L. Callahan, Ann M. Artlip, Timothy S. Scorza, Ralph Srinivasan, Chinnathambi TI A minimal peach type II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein promoter retains tissue-specificity and light regulation in tomato SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GENE LHCB2-ASTERISK-PP1; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; DEVELOPING LEAVES; G-BOX; ELEMENTS; DNA; ABUNDANCE; REGIONS AB Background: Promoters with tissue-specificity are desirable to drive expression of transgenes in crops to avoid accumulation of foreign proteins in edible tissues/organs. Several photosynthetic promoters have been shown to be strong regulators of expression of transgenes in light-responsive tissues and would be good candidates for leaf and immature fruit tissue-specificity, if expression in the mature fruit were minimized. Results: A minimal peach chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene ( Lhcb2* Pp1) promoter ( Cab19) was isolated and fused to an uidA ( beta-glucuronidase [ GUS]) gene containing the PIV2 intron. A control vector carrying an enhanced mas35S CaMV promoter fused to uidA was also constructed. Two different orientations of the Cab19:: GUS fusion relative to the left T-DNA border of the binary vector were transformed into tomato. Ten independent regenerants of each construct and an untransformed control line were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively for GUS expression in leaves, fruit and flowers, and quantitatively in roots. Conclusion: The minimal CAB19 promoter conferred GUS activity primarily in leaves and green fruit, as well as in response to light. GUS activity in the leaves of both Cab19 constructs averaged about 2/3 that observed with mas35S:: GUS controls. Surprisingly, GUS activity in transgenic green fruit was considerably higher than leaves for all promoter constructs; however, in red, ripe fruit activities were much lower for the Cab19 promoter constructs than the mas35S:: GUS. Although GUS activity was readily detectable in flowers and roots of mas35S:: GUStransgenic plants, little activity was observed in plants carrying the Cab19 promoter constructs. In addition, the light-inducibility of the Cab19:: GUS constructs indicated that all the requisite cis-elements for light responsiveness were contained on the Cab19 fragment. The minimal Cab19 promoter retains both tissue-specificity and light regulation and can be used to drive expression of foreign genes with minimal activity in mature, edible fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Carole.Bassett@ars.usda.gov; Ann.Callahan@ars.usda.gov; Tim.Artlip@ars.usda.gov; Ralph.Scorza@ars.usda.gov; Chinnathambi.Srinivasan@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD AUG 14 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 47 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-7-47 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 214JM UT WOS:000249733800001 PM 17697347 ER PT J AU Quinn, BP Bernier, UR Booth, MM AF Quinn, Brian P. Bernier, Ulrich R. Booth, Matthew M. TI Identification of compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE mosquito repellents; GC/MS; headspace analysis ID ESSENTIAL OIL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; REPELLENCY; LAMIACEAE; CATNIP; TERPENOIDS; COMPONENTS; CHEMISTRY; TOXICITY; EXTRACTS AB Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that result in diseases harmful to human, livestock, and wildlife hosts. Numerous measures can be used to reduce insect-borne disease risk to humans, and one approach is the use of topical repellents to prevent host-seeking arthropods from taking a blood meal. A current emphasis in the development of new repellents is that they be safe. Therefore, natural products sources are increasingly being explored. Compounds from plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) have been demonstrated to be insect repellents. This study examines compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia) to identify compounds for examination as insect repellents. Samples of Etonia rosemary were passively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol and analyzed by GC/MS. This extraction method was chosen to eliminate thermal degradation of plant components that can occur during the distillation procedure. Additional headspace volatile compounds from this plant were identified using microscale purge-and-trap GC/MS. A variety of terpenes, terpenic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were identified in the extracts with terpenes and short-chained aldehydes detected in greatest abundance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Quinn, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM brian.quinn@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 1160 IS 1-2 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.060 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 202HA UT WOS:000248891400035 PM 17568593 ER PT J AU Register, KB Sacco, RE Brockmeier, SL AF Register, Karen B. Sacco, Randy E. Brockmeier, Susan L. TI Immune response in mice and swine to DNA vaccines derived from the Pasteurella multocida toxin gene SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pasteurella multocida; toxin; DNA vaccine ID PROGRESSIVE ATROPHIC RHINITIS; BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; PIGS; PCR; VACCINATION; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; PIGLETS AB DNA vaccines were constructed with either a 5'-truncated or full-length, genetically detoxified toxin gene from Pasteurella multocida and two different DNA vaccine vectors, distinguished by the presence or absence of a secretion signal sequence. Optimal PMT-specific antibody responses and spleen cell secretion of interferon-gamma following immunization of mice were achieved with pMM4, the construct containing a signal sequence and encoding the entire toxin. Antibody responses were also induced in pigs immunized with pMM4 and levels increased significantly following booster injections and experimental infection with P. multocida. Significantly increased expression of interferon-gamma was detected in only a small subset of pMM4-immunized pigs. This report documents, for the first time, the ability of a DNA vaccine to elicit immune responses to the P. multocida toxin in both mice and swine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 32 BP 6118 EP 6128 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.028 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 202MM UT WOS:000248905800019 PM 17590484 ER PT J AU Ibanez, AM Wood, DF Yokoyama, WH Park, IM Tinoco, MA Hudson, CA McKenzie, KS Shoemaker, CF AF Ibanez, Ana M. Wood, Delilah F. Yokoyama, Wallace H. Park, I. M. Tinoco, Mario A. Hudson, Carol A. McKenzie, Kent S. Shoemaker, Charles F. TI Viscoelastic properties of waxy and nonwaxy rice flours, their fat and protein-free starch, and the microstructure of their cooked kernels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE starch structure; amylose content; rheology; pasting properties; electron microscopy; weight-average molar mass ID AMYLOSE CONTENT; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; COOKING PROPERTIES; PASTING PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; GELATINIZATION; VARIETIES; GRANULES; GRAIN; SIZE AB Physicochemistry and structural studies of two types of japonica rice, low amylose Calmochi-101 (CM101) and intermediate amylose M-202 (M202), were conducted to determine similarities and differences between the rices perhaps attributable to amylose content differences. The rheological behavior of the gelation and pasting processes of flours and starches was determined with high accuracy and precision using a controlled stress rheometer. Fat and protein, although minor constituents of milled rice, were shown to have significant effects on the physicochemical and pasting properties of starches and flours. Removal of protein and lipids with aqueous alkaline or detergent solutions caused lower pasting temperatures and higher overall viscosity in both starches, compared with their respective flours. There was less viscosity difference between M202 flour and its starch when isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis of protein. The protease did not reduce internally bound lipids, suggesting that fats help to determine pasting properties of rice flours and their respective starches. Structural integrity differences in individual granules of waxy and nonwaxy rice flours, starches, and whole raw, soaked, and cooked milled grain were revealed by fracture analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Calmochi 101 and M202 did not differ in weight-averaged molar mass (M-w) and root-mean-square radii (R-z) between flours and starches, as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and multiple-angle laser light scattering (MALLS). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Rice Expt Stn, Biggs, CA 95917 USA. RP Ibanez, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amibanez@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 16 BP 6761 EP 6771 DI 10.1021/jf070416x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 196JB UT WOS:000248476400048 PM 17636935 ER PT J AU Grieco, JP Achee, NL Chareonviriyaphap, T Suwonkerd, W Chauhan, K Sardelis, MR Roberts, DR AF Grieco, John P. Achee, Nicole L. Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap Suwonkerd, Wannapa Chauhan, Kamal Sardelis, Michael R. Roberts, Donald R. TI A New Classification System for the Actions of IRS Chemicals Traditionally Used For Malaria Control SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; DDT; INSECTICIDES; MOSQUITOS; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; DIPTERA; VECTOR AB Knowledge of how mosquitoes respond to insecticides is of paramount importance in understanding how an insecticide functions to prevent disease transmission. A suite of laboratory assays was used to quantitatively characterize mosquito responses to toxic, contact irritant, and non-contact spatial repellent actions of standard insecticides. Highly replicated tests of these compounds over a range of concentrations proved that all were toxic, some were contact irritants, and even fewer were non-contact repellents. Of many chemicals tested, three were selected for testing in experimental huts to confirm that chemical actions documented in laboratory tests are also expressed in the field. The laboratory tests showed the primary action of DDT is repellent, alphacypermethrin is irritant, and dieldrin is only toxic. These tests were followed with hut studies in Thailand against marked-released populations. DDT exhibited a highly protective level of repellency that kept mosquitoes outside of huts. Alphacypermethrin did not keep mosquitoes out, but its strong irritant action caused them to prematurely exit the treated house. Dieldrin was highly toxic but showed no irritant or repellent action. Based on the combination of laboratory and confirmatory field data, we propose a new paradigm for classifying chemicals used for vector control according to how the chemicals actually function to prevent disease transmission inside houses. The new classification scheme will characterize chemicals on the basis of spatial repellent, contact irritant and toxic actions. C1 [Grieco, John P.; Achee, Nicole L.; Sardelis, Michael R.; Roberts, Donald R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Suwonkerd, Wannapa] Minist Publ Hlth, Off Dis Prevent & Control, Chiang Mai, Thailand. [Chauhan, Kamal] USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Grieco, JP (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jgrieco@usuhs.mil FU National Institutes of Health [5U01AI054777-02] FX This work is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health entitled "Behavior modifying compounds for disease vector control''(grant no. 5U01AI054777-02). NR 22 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 8 AR e716 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000716 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GL UT WOS:000207452400019 PM 17684562 ER PT J AU Alborn, HT Hansen, TV Jones, TH Bennett, DC Tumlinson, JH Schmelz, EA Teal, PEA AF Alborn, Hans T. Hansen, Trond V. Jones, Tappey H. Bennett, Derrick C. Tumlinson, James H. Schmelz, Eric A. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Disulfooxy fatty acids from the American bird grasshopper Schistocerca americana, elicitors of plant volatiles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE American grasshopper; insect herbivory; regurgitant; caeliferin ID BODY-DERIVED PROTEIN; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; PARASITIC WASPS; ORAL SECRETIONS; NATURAL ENEMIES; LYGUS-HESPERUS; EMISSIONS; HERBIVORE; VOLICITIN; LARVAE AB A previously unidentified class of compounds has been isolated from the regurgitant of the grasshopper species Schistocerca americana. These compounds (named here "caeliferins") are composed of saturated and monounsaturated sulfated a-hydroxy fatty acids in which the omega-carbon is functionalized with either a sulfated hydroxyl or a carboxyl conjugated to glycine via an amide bond. The regurgitant contains a series of these compounds with fatty acid chains of 15-20 carbons and in varying proportions. Of these, the 16-carbon analogs are predominant and are also most active in inducing release of volatile organic compounds when applied to damaged leaves of corn seedlings. Caeliferins are nonlepidopteran elicitors identified in insect herbivores. This adds a category of insect herbivore-produced elicitors of plant responses, providing further evidence of the ability of plants to detect and respond to a broad range of insect herbivore-produced compounds. C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Chem Ecol Lab 111, Ctr Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Alborn, HT (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM hans.alborn@ars.usda.gov RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 43 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 32 BP 12976 EP 12981 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705947104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 198TL UT WOS:000248650300006 PM 17664416 ER PT J AU Shultz, JL Ali, S Ballard, L Lightfoot, DA AF Shultz, Jeffry L. Ali, Sikander Ballard, Linda Lightfoot, David A. TI Development of a physical map of the soybean pathogen Fusarium virguliforme based on synteny with Fusarium graminearum genomic DNA SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; FPC MAPS; TUCUMANIAE; SEQUENCES AB Background: Reference genome sequences within the major taxa can be used to assist the development of genomic tools for related organisms. A major constraint in the use of these sequenced and annotated genomes is divergent evolution. Divergence of organisms from a common ancestor may have occurred millions of years ago, leading to apparently un-related and un-syntenic genomes when sequence alignment is attempted. Results: A series of programs were written to prepare 36 Mbp of Fusarium graminearum sequence in 19 scaffolds as a reference genome. Exactly 4,152 Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences from 2,178 large-insert Fusarium virguliforme clones were tested against this sequence. A total of 94 maps of F. graminearum sequence scaffolds, annotated exonic fragments and associated F. virguliforme sequences resulted. Conclusion: Developed here was a technique that allowed the comparison of genomes based on small, 15 bp regions of shared identity. The main power of this method lay in its ability to align diverged sequences. This work is unique in that discontinuous sequences were used for the analysis and information not readily apparent, such as match direction, are presented. The 94 maps and JAVA programs are freely available on the Web and by request. C1 GC Univ Lahore, Inst Ind Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan. Mississippi Valley Inst Univ, Itta Bena, MS USA. So Illinois Univ, Ctr Excellence Soybean Res, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst Genom & Biotechnol Cor, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Shultz, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jlshultz@hotmail.com; alisbiotech@yahoo.com; max@tecinfo.com; ga4082@siu.edu RI ali, Sikander/G-5549-2015; OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-262 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 212KC UT WOS:000249594200001 PM 17683537 ER PT J AU McCormick, S AF McCormick, Sheila TI Plant science - Reproductive dialog SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYNERGID CELL; ARABIDOPSIS; RECEPTOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ssm@astro.umd.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5838 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1126/science.1146655 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 196PL UT WOS:000248494400025 PM 17673644 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA AF DiCarlo, David A. TI Capillary pressure overshoot as a function of imbibition flux and initial water content SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FINGERS; POROUS-MEDIA; UNSATURATED MATERIALS; SATURATION OVERSHOOT; STABILITY ANALYSIS; WETTING FRONTS; VISCOUS LIQUID; UNSTABLE FLOW; INFILTRATION; SOILS AB [1] Infiltration into well- sorted sands can show an anomalous behavior called saturation overshoot where the saturation at the infiltrating front is higher than the saturation behind the front for certain fluxes and initial water contents. Similarly, capillary pressure overshoot is defined as when the capillary pressure is greater behind the front than it is at the front, which is contrary to normal infiltration. In this paper, pressure profiles are reported for water infiltrating into sand for a range of fluxes and initial water content. Capillary pressure overshoot is observed for sands with an initial water saturation of 0.06 and less, while no overshoot is observed for greater initial saturations. Capillary pressure overshoot does not show much dependence on flux, but the capillary pressure at the front does decrease with increasing flux. These results are combined with the previous saturation measurements, and it is found that the capillary pressure- saturation imbibition curve is not dependent on the velocity of the front. The implications of the results on the stability of three- dimensional flows are discussed. C1 USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, ARS, Dept Agr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, ARS, Dept Agr, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08402 DI 10.1029/WR005550 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 198EX UT WOS:000248610900003 ER PT J AU Levinson, WE Kurtzman, CP Kuo, TM AF Levinson, William E. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Kuo, Tsung Min TI Characterization of Yarrowia lipolytica and related species for citric acid production from glycerol SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citric acid production; nitrogen limitation; carbon to nitrogen ratio; Yarrowia lipolytica; glycerol utilization ID RAW GLYCEROL AB Twenty-seven Yarrowia lipolytica strains as well as five strains from three other species of the Yarrowia clade (Aciculoconidium aculeatunt, Candida hispaniensis and Candida bentonensis) were screened for citric acid production with pure glycerol as the carbon source. The cultures were grown under nitrogen-limited conditions. None of the non-Yarrowia strains produced citric acid, although they were able to grow on glycerol. All of the Y lipolytica strains were able to produce citric acid in varying concentrations and, under the screening conditions used, the yields obtained formed a continuum from very low to among the highest reported for this substrate. The highest yielding strain, Y lipolytica NRRL YB-423, produced 21.6 g/L citric acid from 40 g[L glycerol (54% yield). The citric acid to isocitric acid ratio produced by this strain in the initial screen was 11.3, while most of the strains produced ratios of between 2 and 6. Further work on medium optimization with this strain showed that the optimum carbon to nitrogen ratio for the rate of citric acid production was 172 while the best combination of rate and yield was obtained at a C/N ratio of 343. The citric acid to isocitric acid ratios produced reached an optimum at C/N ratios of 343-686. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.02.005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 180KD UT WOS:000247360900014 ER PT J AU Wang, F Nguyen, M Qin, FXF Tong, Q AF Wang, Fei Nguyen, Margaret Qin, F. Xiao-Feng Tong, Qiang TI SIRT2 deacetylates FOXO3a in response to oxidative stress and caloric restriction SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; deacetylation; forkhead box O transcription factor; oxidative stress; SIRT2; sirtuin ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO3A; NAD-DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE; LIFE-SPAN EXTENSION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; CELL-SURVIVAL; SIGNALING PATHWAY; PROTEIN SIR2; BCL-2 FAMILY; LONGEVITY; CLONING AB The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependant (NAD) deacetylases plays an important role in aging and metabolic regulation. In yeast, the Sir2 gene and its homolog Hst2 independently mediate the action of caloric restriction on lifespan extension. The mammalian Sir2 ortholog, SIRT1, is up-regulated by caloric restriction and deacetylates a variety of substrates, including histones and the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. The mammalian ortholog of Hst2, SIRT2, was shown to co-localize with microtubules and functions as alpha-tubulin deacetylase. During G2/M phase, SIRT2 proteins enter nuclei and deacetylate histones. We report here that the expression of SIRT2 is elevated in the white adipose tissue and kidney of caloric-restricted mice. Oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide treatment, also increases SIRT2 expression in cells. We have demonstrated that SIRT2 binds to FOXO3a and reduces its acetylation level. SIRT2 hence increases FOXO DNA binding and elevates the expression of FOXO target genes, p27(Kip1), manganese superoxide dismutase and Bim. As a consequence, SIRT2 decreases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, as Bim is a pro-apoptotic factor, SIRT2 promotes cell death when cells are under severe stress. Therefore, mammalian SIRT2 responds to caloric restriction and oxidative stress to deacetylate FOXO transcription factors. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.tmc.edu RI Wang, Fei/F-8015-2010 NR 51 TC 268 Z9 280 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00304.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 190VF UT WOS:000248088000011 PM 17521387 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Medel, S Rodriguez-Maciel, JC Diaz-Gomez, O Martinez-Carrillo, JL Lopez-Collado, J Blanco, CA Lagunes-Tejeda, A AF Aguilar-Medel, Sotero Rodriguez-Maciel, J. Concepcion Diaz-Gomez, Ovidio Martinez-Carrillo, Jose L. Lopez-Collado, Jose Blanco, Carlos A. Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel TI Susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to delta-endotoxyn Cry2Ab of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE transgenic cotton; Bollgard II (R); Cry2Ab2; corn borer; base line ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; FIELD; POPULATIONS; BOLLGARD AB Bollgard II (R) cotton expresses the delta-endotoxins CrylAc and Cry2Ab of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, controls larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and will probably be used in the near future in Mexican agriculture. However, the initial susceptibility to this toxin in populations of H. zea is unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility to the delta-endotoxin Cry2Ab in neonate larvae of five populations (one susceptible and four field populations) of H. zea. The observed mortality levels were low (< 43%) in the evaluated doses (<= 5 mu g mL(-1)). The estimated concentration necessary to prevent 50% of the exposed larvae from reaching the third instar or inhibition of development of 50% of treated larvae (ID50) varied from 0.017 to 0.086 mu g mL(-1), while the ID95 varied from 1.06 to 1.93 mu g mL(-1). The concentration that reduced or inhibited 50% of the weight of treated larvae (IP50) varied from 0.013 to 0.025 mu g mL(-1), and the IP95 from 0.5 to 1.48 mu g mL(-1). The obtained toxicity values to delta-endotoxin Cry2Ab in larvae of H. zea are considered as initial response or reference point, given that this toxin is still not used in the field and will serve to estimate the proportion of change over time once Bolgard II (R) is used in Mexico. C1 Coll Postgraduados, Montececillo, Mexico. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Agr, San Luis Potosi 78000, Mexico. INIFAP, CIR Noroeste, Sonora, Mexico. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Unit, Coll Postgraduados, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Aguilar-Medel, S (reprint author), Coll Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montececillo, Mexico. EM popolocas@hotmail.com RI RODRIGUEZ-MACIEL, CONCEPCION/A-5730-2011 OI RODRIGUEZ-MACIEL, CONCEPCION/0000-0002-1018-2229 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI MONTECILLO PA CARRETERA MEXICO TEXCOCO KM 36 5, MONTECILLO 56230, ESTADO MEXICO, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 6 BP 653 EP 662 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 209PV UT WOS:000249401400007 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Siegel, D Vemuri, M Mackey, BE AF Kelley, Darshan S. Siegel, David Vemuri, Madhuri Mackey, Bruce E. TI Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE triacylglycerol; postprandial lipemia; cholesterol; VLDL; LDL; HDL; apoproteins; heart rate; cardiovascular disease; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; PURIFIED EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FISH-OIL; HEART-DISEASE; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the mean size and concentrations of VLDL, LDL, and HDL subclasses have not been previously studied. Objective: We determined the effects of DHA supplementation on the concentrations of apoproteins; large, medium, and small VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles; and the mean diameters of these particles in fasting and postprandial plasma. Design: Hypertriglyceridemic men aged 39-66 y (n = 34) participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study. They received no supplements for the first 8 d and received either 7.5 g DHA oil/d (3 g DHA/d) or olive oil (placebo) for the last 90 d. Lipoprotein particle diameters and concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: DHA supplementation for 45 d significantly (P < 0.05) decreased concentrations of fasting triacylglycerol (24%), large VLDL (92%), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (53%) and the mean diameter of VLDL particles (11. 1 nm). It elevated concentrations of LDL cholesterol (12.6%), small VLDL particles (133%), and large LDL particles (120%) and the mean diameter of LDL particles (0.6 nm) in fasting plasma. Similar changes were observed for area under the curve for postprandial samples (0 -6 h); however, the number of small dense LDL particles decreased significantly (21%), and the change in LDL cholesterol was not significant. Continued supplementation with DHA beyond 45 d caused no further changes; placebo treatment altered none of the responses tested. Conclusion: DHA supplementation may improve cardiovascular health by lowering concentrations of triacylglycerols and sma dense LDL particles. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Vet Affairs No California Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA USA. US Dept Agr, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkelley@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024146] NR 49 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 324 EP 333 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 198LN UT WOS:000248629700008 PM 17684201 ER PT J AU Beiseigel, JM Hunt, JR Glahn, RP Welch, RM Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, BB AF Beiseigel, Jeannemarie M. Hunt, Janet R. Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. Menkir, Abebe Maziya-Dixon, Bussie B. TI Iron bioavailability from maize and beans: a comparison of human measurements with Caco-2 cell and algorithm predictions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; bioavailability; Caco-2 cells; ascorbic acid; phytic acid; polyphenols; tannins ID ASCORBIC-ACID; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; FERROUS SULFATE; HUMAN-NUTRITION; CULTURE MODEL; DIETARY IRON; PLANT FOODS; VITAMIN-C; ABSORPTION; AVAILABILITY AB Background: An in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model may predict iron bioavailability to humans; however, direct comparisons are lacking. Objective: The objective was to test the differences in iron bioavailability between 2 maize varieties and 2 bean varieties (white beans and colored beans) by comparing human, Caco-2, and algorithm results. Design: Two randomized, 2 x 2 factorial experiments compared women's iron absorption from 2 maize varieties (ACR and TZB; n = 26) and 2 bean varieties (great northern and pinto; n = 13), each fed with and without ascorbic acid (AA) from orange juice. Nonheme iron bioavailability was determined from 2-wk retention of extrinsic radioiron tracers and was compared with Caco-2 cell and algorithm results from identical meals. Results: Without AA supplementation, women absorbed only about 2% of the iron from the maize or bean meals. The results were unaffected by the variety of either maize or beans. Adding AA (15-20 molar ratios of AA:iron) roughly tripled the iron absorption (P < 0.0001) from all test meals. Although the Caco-2 model predicted a slightly improved bioavailability of iron from ACR maize than from TZB maize (P < 0.05), it accurately predicted relative iron absorption from the maize meals. However, the Caco-2 model inaccurately predicted both a considerable difference between bean varieties (P < 0.0001) and a strong interaction between bean varieties and enhancement by AA (P < 0.0001). The algorithm method was more qualitatively than quantitatively useful and requires further development to accurately predict the influence of polyphenols on iron absorption. Conclusions: Caco-2 predictions confirmed human iron absorption results for maize meals but not for bean meals, and algorithm predictions were only qualitatively predictive. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Serv US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, PO Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 388 EP 396 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 198LN UT WOS:000248629700017 PM 17684210 ER PT J AU Troy, LM Jacques, PF Hannan, MT Kiel, DP Lichtenstein, AH Kennedy, ET Booth, SL AF Troy, Lisa M. Jacques, Paul F. Hannan, Marian T. Kiel, Douglas P. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Kennedy, Eileen T. Booth, Sarah L. TI Dihydrophylloquinone intake is associated with low bone mineral density in men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dihydrophylloquinone; vitamin K; partially hydrogenated fat; trans fatty acids; diet patterns; bone mineral density; osteoporosis ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; VITAMIN-K; FRAMINGHAM OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK-FACTORS; FATTY-ACIDS; ELDERLY-MEN; HEALTH; PHYLLOQUINONE; VALIDITY; OILS AB Background: Poor diet may affect bone status by displacing nutrients involved in bone health. Dihydrophylloquinone, a form of vitamin K present in foods made with partially hydrogenated fat, is a potential marker of a low-quality dietary pattern. Objective: Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional associations between dihydrophylloquinone intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and spine in men and women. Design: Dihydrophylloquinone intake was estimated with a food-frequency questionnaire, and BMD (in g/cm(2)) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2544 men and women (mean age: 58.5 y) who had participated in the Framingham Offspring Study. General linear models were used to examine the associations between dihydrophylloquinone intake (in tertiles: < 15.5, 15.5-29.5, and > 29.5 mu g/d) and hip and spine BMD after adjustment for age, body mass index, energy intake, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, smoking status, physical activity score, and, for women, menopause status and estrogen use. Results: Higher dihydrophylloquinone intakes were associated with lower mean BMD at the femoral neck [lowest-to-highest tertiles (95% CI): 0.934 (0.925, 0.942), 0.927 (0.919, 0.935), and 0.917 (0.908, 0.926), P for trend = 0.02], the trochanter [lowest-to-highest tertiles (95% CI): 0.811 (0.802, 0.820), 0.805 (0.797, 0.813), and 0.795 (0.786, 0.804), P for trend = 0.02], and the spine [lowest-to-highest tertiles (95% CI): 1.250 (1.236, 1.264), 1.243 (1.242, 1.229), and 1.227 (1.213, 1.242), P for trend = 0.03] in men and women after adjustment for the covariates. Further adjustment for markers of healthy and low-quality dietary patterns did not affect the observed associations. Conclusions: Higher dihydrophylloquinone intakes are associated with lower BMD in men and women. This association remains significant after adjustment for other markers of diet quality. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA USA. Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Gerontol, BIDMC, Boston, MA USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195]; NIA NIH HHS [AR/AG 41398, AG14759] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 198LN UT WOS:000248629700032 PM 17684225 ER PT J AU Jeyapalan, AS Orellana, RA Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Escobar, J Frank, JW Davis, TA AF Jeyapalan, Asumthia S. Orellana, Renan A. Suryawan, Agus O'Connor, Pamela M. J. Nguyen, Hanh V. Escobar, Jeffery Frank, Jason W. Davis, Teresa A. TI Glucose stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs through an AMPK- and mTOR-independent process SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonates; adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; tuberous sclerosis complex 2; mammalian target of rapamycin; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E ID CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; INITIATION-FACTOR ACTIVATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; MAMMALIAN TARGET; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CELL-GROWTH; INSULIN AB Skeletal muscle protein synthesis is elevated in neonates in part due to an enhanced response to the rise in insulin and amino acids after eating. In vitro studies suggest that glucose plays a role in protein synthesis regulation. To determine whether glucose, independently of insulin and amino acids, is involved in the postprandial rise in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, pancreatic-substrate clamps were performed in neonatal pigs. Insulin secretion was inhibited with somatostatin and insulin was infused to reproduce fasting or fed levels, while glucose and amino acids were clamped at fasting or fed levels. Fractional protein synthesis rates and translational control mechanisms were examined. Raising glucose alone increased protein synthesis in fast-twitch glycolytic muscles but not in other tissues. The response in muscle was associated with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) and enhanced formation of the active eIF4E(.)eIF4G complex but no change in phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), or eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Raising glucose, insulin, and amino acids increased protein synthesis in most tissues. The response in muscle was associated with phosphorylation of PKB, mTOR, S6K1, and 4E-BP1 and enhanced eIF4E(.)eIF4G formation. The results suggest that the postprandial rise in glucose, independently of insulin and amino acids, stimulates protein synthesis in neonates, and this response is specific to fast-twitch glycolytic muscle and occurs by AMPK-and mTOR-independent pathways. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Pediat Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, K08-AR-51563-01A1, R01-AR-44474]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12-HD-41648, T32-HD-074451] NR 51 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 293 IS 2 BP E595 EP E603 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2007 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 196CA UT WOS:000248458100020 PM 17551002 ER PT J AU Madariaga, MG Cachay, ER Zarlenga, DS AF Madariaga, Miguel G. Cachay, Edward R. Zarlenga, Dante S. TI Case report: A probable case of human neurotrichinellosis in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; HUMAN TRICHINOSIS; CLINICAL-ASPECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DISEASE; NATIVA; MRI AB Human neurotrichinellosis is seldom reported. This is likely the result of the low incidence of parasites from the genus Trichinella in the United States domestic food supply, as well as difficulties in diagnosing the disease, especially when neither the organism nor the source of the infection are readily available. Although trichinellosis from domestic food supplies has been decreasing for many years, a resurgence has occurred in cases derived from the consumption of wild game. We report a rare case of neurotrichinellosis in the United States and implicate wild game as the source of the infection. These results suggest that clinicians should consider the potential for Trichinella infection in cases where wild game is common in the diets of the patients. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Madariaga, MG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM mmadariaga@unme.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198OW UT WOS:000248638400024 PM 17690410 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Geary, TW Snelling, WM MacNeil, MD AF Alexander, L. J. Geary, T. W. Snelling, W. M. MacNeil, M. D. TI Quantitative trait loci with additive effects on growth and carcass traits in a Wagyu-Limousin F-2 population SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE carcass; cattle; Limousin; myostatin; quantitative trait loci; Wagyu ID GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; COMPLEX PEDIGREES; BEEF-CATTLE; INTERVAL; ALLELES; MUSCLE AB A whole-genome scan for carcass traits [average daily gain during the pre-weaning, growth and finishing periods; birth weight; hot carcass weight and longissimus muscle area (LMA)] was performed on 328 F-2 progeny produced from Wagyu x Limousin-cross parents derived from eight founder Wagyu bulls. Nine significant (P <= 0.05) and four suggestive (P <= 0.1) QTL affecting seven growth and carcass traits were identified. Significant QTL were located on bovine chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 16, 17 and 29. A QTL previously reported on chromosome 2 for LMA was also detected in this study. These results provide insight into genetic differences between the Wagyu and Limousin breeds. C1 USDA ARS, LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, LARRL, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lee.alexander@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01616.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 194HS UT WOS:000248335900015 PM 17596127 ER PT J AU Goodfellow, M Kumar, Y Labeda, DP Sembiring, L AF Goodfellow, Michael Kumar, Yashawant Labeda, David P. Sembiring, Langkah TI The Streptomyces violaceusniger clade: a home for streptomycetes with rugose ornamented spores SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE streptomycetes; polyphasic taxonomy; rugose-ornamented spores ID IN-VIVO ANTAGONISM; SP-NOV.; DNA RELATEDNESS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION; GENERA STREPTOMYCES; SELECTIVE ISOLATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENUS STREPTOMYCES; HENRICI 1948 AB The taxonomic status of 16 strains received as Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces melanosporofaciens, Streptomyces sparsogenes, Streptomyces sporoclivatus and Streptomyces violaceusniger was evaluated in a polyphasic study. Eleven of the organisms formed a distinct clade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree with the type strains of Streptomyces asiaticus, Streptomyces cangkringensis, Streptomyces indonesiensis, Streptomyces javensis, Streptomyces malaysiensis, Streptomyces rhizosphaericus, Streptomyces yatensis and Streptomyces yogyakartensis, the members of this group produced rugose ornamented spores in spiral spore chains. The eleven strains were assigned to three established and four novel species, namely Streptomyces albiflaviniger sp. nov., Streptomyces demainii sp. nov., Streptomyces geldanamycininus sp. nov., Streptomyces griseiniger sp. nov., and Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces melanosporofaciens and Streptomyces violaceusniger. It is also proposed that S. sporoclivatus becomes a subjective synonym of S. melanosporofaciens. S. sparsogenes NRRL 2940(T), which produced ridged ornamented spores in spiral spore chains, formed a distinct phyletic line in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree and was readily distinguished from the other strains using a range of phenotypic properties. S. violaceusniger strains NRRL 8097, NRRL B-5799, NRRL 2834 and ISP 5182 fell outside the S. violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade and formed either smooth or ridged ornamented spores in either flexuous or spiral spore chains. These organisms were distinguishedfrom one another and from their closest phylogenetic neighbors and were considered to merit species status as Streptomyces auratus sp. nov., Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes sp. nov., Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes sp. nov., and Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus sp. nov., respectively. C1 Univ Newcastle, Div Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Gadjah Mada, Fac Biol, Microbiol Lab, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. RP Goodfellow, M (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Div Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM m.goodfellow@ncl.ac.uk NR 75 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 173 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10482-007-9146-6 PG 27 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190TR UT WOS:000248084000004 PM 17407000 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI New anamorphic yeast species: Candida infanticola sp nov., Candida polysorbophila sp nov., Candida transmalensis sp nov and Trigonopsis californica sp nov. SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular systematics; new Candida species; new Trigonopsis species ID LARGE-SUBUNIT RDNA; D1/D2 DOMAIN AB Three new species of Candida and a new species of Trigonopsis are described based on their recognition from phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences from large subunit ribosomal RNA, ITS1/ITS2 rRNA, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA and cytochrome oxidase II. Candida infanticola sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-17858, CBS 7922) was isolated from the ear of an infant in Germany and is closely related to Candida sorbophila. Candida polysorbophila sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27161, CBS 7317) is a member of the Zygoascus clade and was isolated in South Africa as a contaminant from an emulsion of white oil and polysorbate. Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27140, CBS 6663) was obtained from forest litter, the Transvaal, South Africa, and forms an isolated clade with Candida santjacobensis. Trigonopsis californica sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27307, CBS 10351) represents a contaminant from wine in California, and forms a well-supported clade with Trigonopsis cantarellii, Trigonopsis variabilis and Trigonopsis vinaria. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10482-007-9150-x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190TR UT WOS:000248084000007 PM 17375367 ER PT J AU Middelhoven, WJ Kurtzman, CP AF Middelhoven, Wouter J. Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Four novel yeasts from decaying organic matter: Blastobotrys robertii sp nov., Candida cretensis sp nov., Candida scorzettiae sp nov and Candida vadensis sp nov. SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blastobotrys robertii sp nov.; Candida cretensis sp.nov.; Candida scorzettiae sp.nov.; Candida vadensis sp.nov.; gentisate pathway; molecular systematics ID ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; FEEDING BEETLES; CLADE AB Four novel yeast species are described, two from decaying mushrooms, viz. Candida cretensis and Candida vadensis, and two from rotten wood, viz. Blastobotrys robertii and Candida scorzettiae. Accession numbers for the CBS and ARS Culture Collections, and GenBank accession numbers for the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA are: B. robertii CBS 10106(T), NRRL Y-27775, DQ839395; C. cretensis CBS 9453(T), NRRL Y-27777, AY4998861 and DQ839393; C scorzettiae CBS 10107(T), NRRL Y-27665, DQ839394; C. vadensis CBS 9454(T), NRRL Y-27778, AY498863 and DQ839396. The GenBank accession number for the ITS region of C cretensis is AY498862 and that for C vadensis is AY498864. C cretensis was the only species of the four that displayed fermentative activity. All four type strains grew on n-hexadecane. C scorzettiae is the only one of the new species that assimilates some phenolic C1 Wageningen Univ, Microbiol Lab, NL-6703 CT Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Middelhoven, WJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Microbiol Lab, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, NL-6703 CT Wageningen, Netherlands. EM Wout.Middelhoven@wur.nl NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10482-007-9159-1 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 190TR UT WOS:000248084000008 PM 17375365 ER PT J AU Koike, S Krapac, IG Oliver, HD Yannarell, AC Chee-Sanford, JC Aminov, RI Mackie, RI AF Koike, S. Krapac, I. G. Oliver, H. D. Yannarell, A. C. Chee-Sanford, J. C. Aminov, R. I. Mackie, R. I. TI Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; MEGASPHAERA-ELSDENII STRAINS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FECAL POLLUTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIA; QUANTIFICATION; STREPTOCOCCI; VALIDATION; INFERENCE AB To monitor the dissemination of resistance genes into the environment, we determined the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (Tc-r) genes in groundwater underlying two swine confinement operations. Monitoring well networks (16 wells at site A and 6 wells at site C) were established around the lagoons at each facility. Groundwater (n = 124) and lagoon (n = 12) samples were collected from the two sites at six sampling times from 2000 through 2003. Total DNA was extracted, and PCR was used to detect seven TCr genes [tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(C), tet(H), and tet(Z)]. The concentration of Tc-r genes was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. To confirm the Tc-r gene source in groundwater, comparative analysis of tet(W) gene sequences was performed on groundwater and lagoon samples. All seven Tc-r genes were continually detected in groundwater during the 3-year monitoring period at both sites. At site A, elevated detection frequency and concentration of Tc-r genes were observed in the wells located down-gradient of the lagoon. Comparative analysis of tet(W) sequences revealed that the impacted groundwater contained gene sequences almost identical (99.8% identity) to those in the lagoon, but these genes were not found in background libraries. Novel sequence clusters and unique indigenous resistance gene pools were also found in the groundwater. Thus, antibiotic resistance genes in groundwater are affected by swine manure, but they are also part of the indigenous gene pool. C1 Univ Illinois, Anim Sci Lab 132, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. RP Mackie, RI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Anim Sci Lab 132, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM r-mackie@uiuc.edu RI Koike, Satoshi/E-1919-2012; Aminov, Rustam/C-8764-2016; Aminov, Rustam/L-6534-2013 OI Koike, Satoshi/0000-0002-8742-7247; Aminov, Rustam/0000-0002-5811-8322 NR 41 TC 132 Z9 150 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 15 BP 4813 EP 4823 DI 10.1128/AEM.00665-07 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 197WP UT WOS:000248587600014 PM 17545324 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Hudleston, D Zak, DR Buyer, JS AF Blackwood, Christopher B. Hudleston, Deborah Zak, Donald R. Buyer, Jeffrey S. TI Interpreting ecological diversity indices applied to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data: Insights from simulated microbial communities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOREST SOILS; BIODIVERSITY; SIZE; TOOL; DGE; ARB; DNA AB Ecological diversity indices are frequently applied to molecular profiling methods, such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), in order to compare diversity among microbial communities. We performed simulations to determine whether diversity indices calculated from T-RFLP profiles could reflect the true diversity of the underlying communities despite potential analytical artifacts. These include multiple taxa generating the same terminal restriction fragment (TRF) and rare TRFs being excluded by a relative abundance (fluorescence) threshold. True community diversity was simulated using the lognormal species abundance distribution. Simulated T-RFLP profiles were generated by assigning each species a TRF size based on an empirical or modeled TRF size distribution. With a typical threshold (1%), the only consistently useful relationship was between Smith and Wilson evenness applied to T-RFLP data (TRF-E-var) and true Shannon diversity (H'), with correlations between 0.71 and 0.81. TRF-H' and true H' were well correlated in the simulations using the lowest number of species, but this correlation declined substantially in simulations using greater numbers of species, to the point where TRF-H' cannot be considered a useful statistic. The relationships between TRF diversity indices and true indices were sensitive to the relative abundance threshold, with greatly improved correlations observed using a 0.1% threshold, which was investigated for comparative purposes but is not possible to consistently achieve with current technology. In general, the use of diversity indices on T-RFLP data provides inaccurate estimates of true diversity in microbial communities (with the possible exception of TRF-E-var). We suggest that, where significant differences in T-RFLP diversity indices were found in previous work, these should be reinterpreted as a reflection of differences in community composition rather than a true difference in community diversity. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM cblackwo@kent.edu RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010; Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978; NR 39 TC 138 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 16 BP 5276 EP 5283 DI 10.1128/AEM.00514-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 201IY UT WOS:000248825900026 PM 17601815 ER PT J AU Weaver, JD Mullaney, EJ Lei, XG AF Weaver, Jeremy D. Mullaney, Edward J. Lei, Xin Gen TI Altering the substrate specificity site of Aspergillus niger PhyB shifts the pH optimum to pH 3.2 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytases; animal feed additive; Aspergillus niger; pH ID FUMIGATUS PHYTASE; PICHIA-PASTORIS; PIGS; GENE AB Phytases are of biotechnological importance as animal feed additives for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate from phytate for absorption by simple-stomached animals, and to reduce their fecal phosphorus excretion. Aspergillus niger PhyB has high catalytic activity at low pHs around 2.5, but has little activity at the commonly observed gastric pH of young animals (3.0-3.5). Our objective was to determine if the pH optima of PhyB could be broadened to a more characteristic pH range in the stomach of young animals through site-directed mutagenesis. We created two mutants, E272K and E272Q, each with a single amino acid substitution of the same residue in the substrate specificity site. Mutants were designed to replace an acidic amino acid, with either a neutral amino acid (E272Q) or basic amino acid (E272K), and were overexpressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. While the wild-type (WT) pH optimum was 2.5, mutant E272K shifted to a new optimum of pH 3.2. E272K bad a concomitant reduction in K-m of 36-fold at pH 2.5 and 6-fold at pH 3.2 compared to the WT. Our results indicate that the pH optimum of PhyB can be altered to match the stomach pH, along with an improved substrate affinity. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@comell.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-0975-z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 197GJ UT WOS:000248542300013 PM 17450356 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Chen, YR Nou, XW Chao, KL AF Liu, Yongliang Chen, Yud-Ren Nou, Xiangwu Chao, Kuanglin TI Potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes cultures on silver colloidal nanoparticles SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE E. coli bacteria; L. monocytogenes bacteria; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; SERS; silver colloid nanoparticles; algorithm; bacterial identification; safety ID RESONANCE RAMAN; GROUND-BEEF; BACTERIA; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; MOLECULES; O157-H7; ACIDS; SOLS; PH AB Surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectra of various batches of bacteria adsorbed on silver colloidal nanoparticles were collected to explore the potential of the SERS technique for rapid and routine identification of E. coli and L. monocytogenes cultures. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of SERS spectra from silver colloidal suspensions and ratios of SERS peaks from small molecules (K3PO4) were used to evaluate the reproducibility, stability, and binding effectiveness of citrate-reduced silver colloids over batch and storage processes. The results suggested consistent reproducibility of silver colloids over batch process and also stability and consistent binding effectiveness over an eight-week storage period. A variety of mixtures of E. coli/L. monocytogenes cultures with different colloidal batches revealed that, despite large variations in relative intensities and positions of SERS active bands, characteristic and unique bands at 712 and 390 cm(-1) were consistently observed and were the strongest in E. coli and L. monocytogenes cultures, respectively. Two specific bands were used to develop simple algorithms in the evaluation of binding effectiveness of silver colloids over storage and further to identify E. coli and L. monocytogenes cultures with a 100% success. A single spectrum acquisition took 5-6 min, and a minimum of 25 mu L silver colloid was directly mixed with 25 mu L volume of incubated bacterial culture. The short acquisition time and small volume of incubated bacterial culture make silver colloidal nanoparticle based SERS spectroscopy ideal for potential use in the routine and rapid screening of E. coli and L. monocytogenes cultures on large scales. This is the first report of the development of simple and universal algorithms for bacterial identification from the respective exclusive SERS peaks. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yud-ren.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 61 IS 8 BP 824 EP 831 DI 10.1366/000370207781540060 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 198NS UT WOS:000248635400005 PM 17716400 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Germino, M DiCristina, K AF Seefeldt, Steven S. Germino, Matthew DiCristina, Katherine TI Prescribed fires in Artemisia tridentata ssp vaseyana steppe have minor and transient effects on vegetation cover and composition SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant diversity; plant frequency; plant succession; sagebrush ID COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING FIRE; BIG SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITIES; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; WESTERN MONTANA; JUNIPER; RANGE; PLANT AB Question: What is the impact of prescribed fires on the cover and composition of vegetation in Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana steppe? Location: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station, eastern Idaho (44 degrees 14'44" N, 112 degrees 12'47" W). Methods: Multiple prescribed fires were lit in 2002 and 2003 in an Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush) steppe ecosystem that was relatively free of exotic plants. Measurements of cover components and plant species frequencies were taken pre- and for 2 to 3 years post-fire. Results: Cover of forbs and grasses returned to pre-fire levels after two years. Shrub cover declined from 36 to 6% in the first year post-fire. Fire reduced the frequencies of three species, A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana, Festuca idahoensis, and Cordylanthus ramosus, of rangeland plants. Frequencies of four plant species, Hesperostipa comata. Polygonum douglasii, Chenopodium fremontii and Chenopodium leptophyllum increased, but only P. douglasii increased for more than a year. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that in an Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana steppe ecosystem without significant non-native species or anthropogenic disturbances vegetative cover and species composition of the herbaceous community are only minimally altered by fire. The herbaceous component returned to pre-fire conditions within three years of a fire. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, USDA, Room 355 O Neill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov; germmatt@isu.edu; katiedi@hotmail.com RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 186GI UT WOS:000247766700011 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Coetzee, JA Center, TD White, EE Tipping, PW AF Madeira, Paul. T. Coetzee, Julie A. Center, Ted D. White, Emily E. Tipping, Phillip W. TI The origin of Hydrilla verticillata recently discovered at a South African dam SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Hydrellia; Hydrilla; RAPD; trnL intron; trnL-F spacer ID POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS; PHENETIC RELATIONSHIPS; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; HYDROCHARITACEAE; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; ACCESSIONS AB Hydrilla was discovered during February 2006 at the Pongolapoort dam on the Pongola river, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Four South African plants along with 30 others from around the world were analyzed using the trnL intron and trnL-F intergenic spacer of the chloroplast. The sequence data yielded major clusters of worldwide hydrilla almost identical to earlier RAPD studies with superior definition of the relationships between clusters. The sequences of the South African specimens were identical with Malaysian and Indonesian samples. Interviews with aquatic plant dealers indicate Malaysia is a major source of aquatic species for the trade in South Africa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Plant Protect Res Inst, Weeds Div, ZA-0121 Queenswood, South Africa. USDA ARS, Student Conservat Assoc, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM ptmadeira@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.04.008 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197VL UT WOS:000248584500013 ER PT J AU Ou, LT Thomas, JE Allen, LH Vu, JC Dickson, DW AF Ou, Li-Tse Thomas, John E. Hartwell Allen, L., Jr. Vu, Joseph C. Dickson, Donald W. TI Effects of injection systems and plastic mulches on distribution and emissions of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; METHYL-BROMIDE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE VOLATILIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILIZATION; FIELD APPLICATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEGRADATION; MOISTURE; FILM; PERMEABILITY AB The concentration and distribution of a soil fumigant in the subsurface of field plots are two key factors in the determination of the fumigant efficacy. Subsurface concentrations of the biologically active compounds cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) were determined in soil at two adjacent injection traces and midpoint between the two traces in plastic-covered field beds after injection of the fumigant Telone C35 by conventional chisels or by a coulter rig (Avenger coulters). Two of the four beds were covered with metallic polyethylene film (MPE) and the remaining two were covered with virtually impermeable film (VIF). Three hours after chisel injection, concentrations of the three compounds at the two adjacent injection traces in the two beds were highly variable. Large concentrations of the compounds were detected at the side traces, whereas the compounds were not detected at the middle traces (bed centers) in the two chisel-injected beds covered with MPE or VIF. Initial concentrations of the three compounds at the two adjacent injection traces in the two Avenger-coulter-injected beds were more uniform than in the chisel-injected beds but still variable. Also, the three compounds had diffused horizontally to midpoint between the two injection traces in all four beds, generally in smaller concentrations. Concentrations of the three compounds in the shallow subsurface soil layer (0.5-30 cm) in the beds became progressively more uniform and then declined slowly. Volatilization losses from the two Avenger-coulter-injected beds and the chisel-injected bed covered with VIF were low. Combination of Avenger coulter injection and VIF provided better retention of the compounds in this soil layer and, thus, likely would provide better fumigant efficacy and crop yield. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ou, LT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, POB 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lto@ufl.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0210-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600001 PM 17549542 ER PT J AU Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Bouldin, J. L. Farris, J. L. Moore, M. T. Smith, S., Jr. Cooper, C. M. TI Assessment of diazinon toxicity in sediment and water of constructed wetlands using deployed Corbicula fluminea and laboratory testing SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-PARATHION; AQUATIC PLANTS; PESTICIDES; BIVALVES; ATRAZINE; MESOCOSMS; IDENTIFICATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; DEGRADATION; REMEDIATION AB Constructed wetlands for mitigation of nonpoint agricultural runoff have been assessed for their ability to decrease potential toxicity from associated contaminants. After a simulated runoff event, constructed wetlands positioned in series were used to measure the effects of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon. Water, sediment, and plant samples from five sites were analyzed for diazinon concentrations from 0.5 hours to 26 days; peak concentrations were measured in sediment after 0.5 hours (268.7 mu g/kg) and in water and plant tissue after 3 hours (121.71 mu g/L and 300.7 mu g/kg, respectively). Cholinesterase activity and changes in shell growth were measured from Corbicula fluminea deployed at corresponding sites. Water collected after 9 hours from all wetland sites contained diazinon concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia, but not to Pimephales promelas. C. dubia survival was decreased in water sampled through 7 days from the site nearest runoff introduction, whereas C. fluminea deployed at this same site experienced 100% mortality after 26 days. Clams from lower sites survived wetland conditions, but growth and ChE activity were significantly decreased lower than that of clams from a control site. C. dubia exposed to water from these sites continued to have decreased survival throughout the 26-day sampling. Sediment sampled from 48 hours through 14 days at the lowest wetland site decreased the laboratory survival of Chironomus dilutus, and sediment from upper sites elicited an effect only on day 26. Although wetland concentrations of aqueous diazinon were decreased lower than toxic thresholds after 26 days, decreased ChE activity in deployed clams provided evidence of residual diazinon effects to deployed organisms. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Ecotoxicol Res Facil, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Ecotoxicol Res Facil, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0180-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600005 PM 17549545 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, A. K. TI Homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during DNA replication in Escherichia coli SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONESSENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; ROLLING-CIRCLE REPLICATION; E1 PLASMID DNA; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TYPE-2; ORIGIN; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; INITIATION AB In this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (PCV) DNA in head-to-tail tandem (HTT) [a partial copy of PCV type 1 (PCV1), a complete copy of PCV type 2 (PCV2) and two origins of DNA replication (Ori)] yielded three different double-stranded DNA species when transformed into Escherichia coli: the input construct (U), the unit-length PCV1/PCV2 genome with a composite Ori lacking the plasmid vector (Q(RC)) and the remaining left-over 0.75 copy PCV1/PCV2 genome with a different composite Ori inserted in the plasmid vector (L-RC). Replication of U was presumably via the theta-like replication mechanism utilizing the colicin E-1 Ori, while derivation of L-RC and Q(RC) was via the rolling-circle replication (RCR) copy-release mechanism and required the presence of two PCV Oris and the virus-encoded Rep protein. Essentially, excision of a unit-length PCV1/PCV2 genome (Q(RC)) via RCR from U yielded L-RC. Furthermore, we examined whether homologous recombination may also result in excision of a different type of unit-length PCV genome (Q(H)) from identical HTT constructs to generate L-H. Whereas the generation of L-RC is Rep-protein-dependent, the generation of L-H is Rep-protein-independent. Accordingly, the L-RC and Q(RC) molecules derived from RCR possess different characteristics from the L-H and Q(H) molecules generated via homologous recombination. In one of the studies in which both L-RC and L-H were generated simultaneously from the same HTT construct, out of 69 samples analyzed, 66 were derived via RCR and 3 were derived via homologous recombination. Thus, in comparison with RCR, homologous recombination plays a minor role in the excision of unit-length PCV genomes from HTT constructs in Escherichia coli. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1539 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-0979-0 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 194WN UT WOS:000248374600013 PM 17497233 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Pratt, PD Giblin-DaviS, RM Ordung, KM AF Wheeler, G. S. Pratt, P. D. Giblin-DaviS, R. M. Ordung, K. M. TI Intraspecific variation of Melaleuca quinquenervia leaf oils in its naturalized range in Florida, the Caribbean, and Hawaii SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; chemotypes; invasive species; Melaleuca quinquenervia; naturalized populations; terpenoids ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; BOREIOGLYCASPIS-MELALEUCAE; FIELD COLONIZATION; CAV. BLAKE,S.T.; TREE; GROWTH; CHEMOTYPES; MADAGASCAR; ALLOCATION AB The invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia threatens the biodiversity of the Florida Everglades and adjacent areas. Biological control efforts have resulted in the release of three Australian insect species. Not all populations of the plant, however, are equally nutritious to the biological control agents. For example, previous results indicated that Oxyops vitiosa had reduced biomass and fecundity when fed different M. quinquenervia chemical variants. To find suitable sites for release of this herbivore species and locations where nursery sites can be developed for mass production of weevils, we studied the natural terpenoid variation in this plant throughout its range in Florida. For comparison, we also examined the terpenoid variation in naturalized populations in the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Australia. We found that two chemical variants or chemotypes exist in Florida, each dominated by one sesquiterpene, either E-nerolidol or viridiflorol. In the 28 populations studied in Florida no regional trends in chemotype dominance were found. More than half (16 of 28) of the populations were composed of between 34 and 66% of both chemotypes. A similar number of populations were dominated (> 66%) by either the E-nerolidol (eight populations) or the viridiflorol (six populations) chemotype plants. Additionally, the total amount of terpenoids in leaves from plants grown north of the invasive range of M. quinquenervia was significantly reduced compared with invasive populations. The total amount of terpenoids in leaves from plants grown in Australia and the Caribbean was significantly greater than those in leaves from Florida and Hawaii. These results identified eight populations that would be most suitable for initial releases and where field nurseries could be established for on-site mass production. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. SCA Americorps, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.007 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 203IZ UT WOS:000248969600003 ER PT J AU Bolduc, N Lamb, GN Cessna, SG Brisson, LF AF Bolduc, Nathalie Lamb, Gregory N. Cessna, Stephen G. Brisson, Louise F. TI Modulation of Bax Inhibitor-1 and cytosolic Ca2+ by cytokinins in Nicotiana tabacum cells SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE Bax Inhibitor-1; calcium; cytokinins; hormones; programmed cell death ID TOBACCO BY-2 CELLS; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; CASPASE-LIKE PROTEASES; CALMODULIN INHIBITORS; PROTEIN-KINASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT HOMOLOG; DEATH; APOPTOSIS AB The protein Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1) has recently emerged as a negative regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD), but how it functions at the biochemical level remains unknown. To elucidate its regulation and mode of action, we used suspension cells of Nicotiana tabacum to study the effects of cytokinins (CKs) on the expression level of NtBI-1 via western analysis. We found that the NtBI-1 protein is up-regulated following treatments with CKs at concentrations inducing a stress response (determined by growth reduction and PR I a accumulation), but not at PCD-inducing concentrations. These data point toward a role for NtBI-1 in the stress response to CKs. Application of CKs was also accompanied by a rapid cytosolic Ca2+ pulse, and inhibition of this pulse with La3+ or EGTA partially restored viability, indicating a signaling role for Ca2+ in CK-induced cell death. However, CK-induced NtBI-1 accumulation was not altered by pretreatment with La3+, nor by treatment with several modulators of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, suggesting that CK-dependent regulation of NtBI-1 accumulation is not directly mediated by Ca2+. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biochim & Microbiol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. RP Bolduc, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Gene Express Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM nathaliebolduc@berkeley.edu OI Cessna, Stephen/0000-0001-7233-8711 NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD AUG PY 2007 VL 89 IS 8 BP 961 EP 971 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.02.004 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 197VR UT WOS:000248585100006 PM 17397988 ER PT J AU Wessels, FJ Cuda, JP Johnson, MT Pedrosa-Macedo, JH AF Wessels, Frank J. Cuda, James P. Johnson, M. Tracy Pedrosa-Macedo, Jose Henrique TI Host specificity of Tectococcus ovatus (Hemiptera : Eriococcidae), a potential biological control agent of the invasive strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum (Myrtales : Myrtaceae), in Florida SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; biological control; host specificity; risk assessment ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, is a woody tree or shrub native to coastal southeastern Brazil. Strawberry guava was introduced into Florida in the late 1800s as an ornamental species. The plant escaped cultivation and is invading natural areas throughout the southern half of the state. In addition to negative effects on Florida's native ecosystems, strawberry guava also is a preferred host of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae).In total, 57 plant species representing 21 families were included in the host range tests. First instar nymphs of Tectococcus ovatus Hempel fed on two closely related guava species, Brazilian guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum O. Berg), and Costa Rican guava (Psidium guineense Sw.). However, none of the nymphs completed their development on these two non-target species. The results of the host specificity tests suggest that T. ovatus is a suitable candidate for classical biological control of strawberry guava in Florida. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Ciencias Florestais, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Wessels, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fjwessels@gmail.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s10526-006-9043-3 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 181WP UT WOS:000247467300001 ER PT J AU Greene, SL Minoura, T Steiner, JJ Pentacost, G AF Greene, Stephanie L. Minoura, Toshimi Steiner, Jeffrey J. Pentacost, Gwen TI WebGRMS: Prototype software for web-based mapping of biological collections SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE biodiversity informatics; geographic information system (GIS); Germplasm collection; Medicago; plant genetic resources; Trifolium ID PLANT GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; INFORMATICS AB Biological collections are gaining recognition as priceless sources of information about the historic distribution and diversity of life. The Internet is emerging as the major venue for sharing biodiversity information since it supports globalization and broad-scale interoperability. This research demonstrates how a Web-based mapping application for biological collections was developed using WebGD, an open-source software development tool, and illustrates how simple spatial analysis help collection users describe the range of ecogeographic variation in collections and customize the selection of accessions based on georeferenced variables. Our prototype can be viewed at http://www.yukon.een.orst.edu/ greene/ms_apps/home/index.htm. The demonstration site has three functional areas: (i) Query, (ii) Analyze Collections, and (iii) Add Data. The application was developed relatively quickly and at a low cost, since the complex workings for delivering GIS functions over the Web were an internal part of the WebGD framework. Because it was based on open-source code, costs were greatly decreased compared to commercially available software. In its current form, the prototype WebGRMS application provides users interested in Medicago and Trifolium germplasm with an innovative method to better understand the germplasm collections. More importantly, we hope the prototype provides a glimpse into the future of Web-based spatial analysis of biological collections. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. BLTSVL, GWCC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Greene, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM greenes@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2611 EP 2625 DI 10.1007/s10531-006-9067-0 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 189DJ UT WOS:000247969300012 ER PT J AU Sollins, P Swanston, C Kramer, M AF Sollins, Phillip Swanston, Chris Kramer, Marc TI Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter - a new focus SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON; MODEL; FOREST; SUBSTANCES; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; CYCLE; ACIDS C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. USDA, Forest ServicNorthern Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Sollins, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM phil.sollins@orst.edu NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9099-x PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 189OV UT WOS:000247999300001 ER PT J AU Castro-Arellano, I Presleya, SJ Saldanha, LN Willig, MR Wunderle, JM AF Castro-Arellano, Ivan Presleya, Steuen J. Saldanha, Luis Nelio Willig, Michael R. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. TI Effects of reduced impact logging on bat biodiversity in terra firme forest of lowland Amazonia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE reduced impact logging; selective logging; chiroptera; phyllostomidae; sustainable forest management; bat conservation; forest patch dynamics ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; EASTERN AMAZONIA; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; IWOKRAMA FOREST; FRENCH-GUIANA; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; CHIROPTERA AB Timber harvest is one of the main causes of degradation of Amazonian tropical forests, where bats represent important components of biodiversity. In addition, bats may represent keystone taxa in the Neotropics, as they are primary agents of pollination and seed dispersal for many pioneer plants. We assessed the impact of low harvest (18 m(3)/ha), reduced impact logging (RIL) on population and community characteristics of phyllostomid bats in Amazonian terra firme forest of Brazil at 20-42 months post-harvest. Based on 1-03,680 net-meter-hours of netting in Tapajo's National Forest, 2341 phyllostomids were captured, representing 42 species, 25 genera, and 4 broad feeding guilds. Population-level responses of common phyllostomids to RIL were minor, with 10 of 15 species evincing no change in mean abundance. Of those taxa. responding to RIL (mean difference in number of individuals per site), three increased (Artibeus concolor [0.46 individuals], Artibeus lituratus [3.88], and Glossophaga soricina [0.71]) and two decreased (Carollia brevicauda [0.96] and Carollia perspicillata [14.04]) in abundance. Compositional (species distributions) and structural (rank distributions) aspects of bat assemblages differed between cut and control forests. More specifically, bat assemblages in cut forest had increased diversity and decreased dominance compared to control forest. Nonetheless, the proportional abundance of the five most common species, as a group, was similar in cut (86%) and control forest (88%), and frugivores dominated assemblages in both management types. Mean abundance of frugivores decreased (10.59 individuals per site) in response to RIL; however, this response was driven by decreases in C. perspicillata, the most abundant species in terra firme forest. Although RIL had only minor effects on biodiversity in the short-term, extrapolation to a long-term prospectus should be exercised with caution when applied to conservation or policy issues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Castro-Arellano, I (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Bldg 4 Annex,3107 Horsebarn Hill Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ivan.castro@uconn.edu; steven.presley@uconn.edu; lnsaldanha@hotmail.com; michael.willig@uconn.edu; wunderle@coqui.net NR 110 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.025 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187QW UT WOS:000247864200024 ER PT J AU Fisher, AJ Woods, DM Smith, L Bruckart, WL AF Fisher, Alison J. Woods, Dale M. Smith, Lincoln Bruckart, William L., III TI Developing an optimal release strategy for the rust fungus Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis for biological control of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis; Centaurea solstitialis; biological control; rust fungus; plant pathogen; California; weed control ID UNITED-STATES; WEED AB The rust fungus Pitecinia jaceae var. solstitialis (P.j. solstitialis) was first approved for release in California in 2003 as a classical biological control agent for Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae). It is difficult to produce large quantities of this obligate pathogen so it was necessary to develop an optimal release strategy for the efficient use of urediniospores. In 2005-2006 field experiments were conducted in two distinct habitats types, the coastal hills and Central Valley, CA, to determine the optimal month for introductions, and to determine if enclosing plots in tents at the time of inoculation was necessary to achieve high levels of infection. All releases resulted in infected plants at both sites for both years. At the Central Valley site near Woodland CA, disease incidence was higher than at the coastal hills, tent enclosures had no effect on infection, and the pathogen persisted throughout the growing season. One year after the 2005 release, P.j. solstitialis had reappeared in most Central Valley plots, although early season releases in 2005 resulted in greater severity in 2006 than the late season releases. In the coastal hills near Napa, CA, tent enclosures improved disease incidence and severity after January and May releases, perhaps by retaining moisture, but the pathogen did not persist in all plots until plant senescence, and there was no reinfection (the following spring) at this site. The rust fungus did not have a negative affect on plant mortality, biomass, or flower production at either location. Our results show that infection can be achieved from January to June, and tent enclosures sometimes appeared to increase infection; however, reinfection is probably limited by local environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Exotic & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fisher, AJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Exotic & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM afisher@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.04.013 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196WZ UT WOS:000248515000008 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Ellersieck, MR Shelby, KS AF Coudron, T. A. Ellersieck, M. R. Shelby, K. S. TI Influence of diet on long-term cold storage of the predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Podisus maculiventris; cold storage; diet; nutrient quality; survival; fecundity ID ARTIFICIAL DIET; HEMIPTERA AB Long-term storage could aid in the cost-effective mass production of beneficial insects. Pre-conditioning, insect developmental stage and environmental conditions should be considered when selecting storage conditions in order to obtain the highest performance after storage. We evaluated the influence of nutrient quality on the response of eggs, nymphs and adults of Podisus maculiventris when exposed to two temperatures most likely to be used for long-term storage. Natural prey-fed insects were compared to artificial diet-fed insects. The results of our study showed that eggs survived storage at 10 degrees C better than 4 degrees C, and that eggs from diet-fed insects survived storage at 10 degrees C significantly better than eggs from prey-fed insects. Nymphal survival of cold storage treatment was slightly higher than for eggs, with a similar pattern of response to temperature, nutrient quality and time of storage. However, of the three developmental stages tested, the best survival was obtained with adults. Similar to eggs and nymphs, adults survival was higher at 10 degrees C. However, different from eggs and nymphs was that the prey-fed adults survived better than diet-fed adults. Our results show that prey-fed adults were able to withstand cold storage at 10 degrees C for 4 weeks with very little loss of survival, fecundity or viability of eggs oviposited by those adults. Longer periods of storage resulted in a decline in survival, fecundity and egg viability and that decline was greatest at 4 degrees C. For the longer intervals of storage at 10 degrees C, egg viability was highest for eggs from diet-fed adults. Collectively, these results demonstrate an influence of nutrient quality on the response to cold storage at different developmental stages, and that an optimal food source for continuous rearing is not necessarily an optimal food source for cold storage. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.04.014 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196WZ UT WOS:000248515000011 ER PT J AU Blackburn, MB Farrar, RR Gundersen-Rindal, DE Lawrence, SD Martin, PAW AF Blackburn, Michael B. Farrar, Robert R., Jr. Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. Lawrence, Susan D. Martin, Phyllis A. W. TI Reproductive failure of Heterorhabditis marelatus in the Colorado potato beetle: Evidence of stress on the nematode symbiont Photorhabdus temperata and potential interference from the enteric bacteria of the beetle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Heterorhabditis marelatus; Photorhabdus temperata; Serratia marcescens; leptinotarsin ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOXIN COMPLEX; PIR TOXINS; LUMINESCENS; INSECT; LEPTINOTARSIN; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN AB The nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus and its symbiont, Photorhabdus temperata, have been documented to successfully attack and kill. but cannot reproduce within Leptinotarsa decemlineata. In vitro growth of P. temperata in L. decemlirieata hemolymph did not cause the bacterium to switch to a secondary phenotype based on dye absorption from NBTA medium, and its growth in hemolymph was similar to that found in nutrient broth. Microscopic examination of body fluid from P. ternperata-killed L. decemlineata revealed a high prevalence of P. temperata exhibiting abnormal growth characteristics, such as filamentous forms that regularly exceeded 50 mu m in length. We also noted that many P. temperata infections were accompanied by substantial growth of competing bacteria that could interfere with growth of either P. temperata or H. marelatus. We isolated six species of enteric bacteria from our laboratory colony of L. decemlineata and identified them as species of Serratia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Pantoea, Klebsiella, and Lactococcus. When P. temperata was grown alongside these enteric isolates on plates, all but the Lactococcus isolate inhibited the growth of P. temperata to a greater extent than P. temperata was able to inhibit their growth. Surprisingly, the Serratia isolate appeared to be slightly stimulated by the presence of P. ternperata. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackburn, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mike.blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.04.008 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196WZ UT WOS:000248515000013 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Blackburn, MB AF Martin, Phyllis A. W. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Using combinatorics to screen Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for toxicity against Manduca sexta and Plutella xylostella SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE tobacco hornworm; diamondback moth; entomopathogens; insect bioassays; freeze-dried diet; insect diet ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; STRAINS; INSECTS; PROTEIN; GENES AB Screening Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates or strains for toxicity has traditionally been performed with one bacterial isolate at a time versus a specific insect. By testing Bt strains in groups, we more rapidly identified 28 of 147 Bt isolates as toxic to either diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), or tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). The use of freeze-dried diet and directed pooling of isolates for toxicity testing decreased the number of bioassays required to identify toxic strains by as much as 60% for a given group of isolates. Three of the B. thuringiensis isolates were more toxic to diamondback moth than a standard commercial strain. This method parallels the concept of combinatorics used for screening compounds in the pharmaceutical industry by the use of bacterial strains rather than chemicals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Phyllis.martin@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.05.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196WZ UT WOS:000248515000015 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Mookherji, S Angier, JT AF McCarty, G. W. Mookherji, S. Angier, J. T. TI Characterization of denitrification activity in zones of groundwater exfiltration within a riparian wetland ecosystem SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE groundwater upwelling; nitrate removal; denitrification enzyme activity; denitrification potential; preferential flow biogeochemistry ID NITRATE REMOVAL; ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOREST; SOILS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; LITHOLOGY; HYDROLOGY AB Movement of agricultural nitrogen (N) into riparian buffers often occurs within discrete seepage or upwelling zones which can limit the ability of the ecosystem to process the nutrient delivered by exfiltrating groundwater. Characterization of the biogeochemical processing of N within these zones is important in assessing the effectiveness of riparian buffers for mitigating nutrient loading of surface waters. The biogeochemical potential for denitrification in zones of exfiltration within a riparian buffer wetland dominated by high-carbon mucky soils was found to be highly stratified by profile depth with substantially higher activity in the surface layer of soil. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) within these zones was partly related to the population size of denitrifying microorganisms as measured by the most probable number (MPN) as well as the general microbial population as measured by substrate-induced respiration. The addition of glucose to the DEA assay stimulated enzyme activity indicating that carbon substrate was limiting activity. The stratification patterns of microbial populations and DEA are consistent with new carbon inputs to the ecosystem being most important driver of biogeochemical reactions such as denitrification in this high-carbon environment. A survey of carbon inputs to the ecosystem under study identified two major sources that contribute most of the annual biomass carbon inputs to the wetland: skunk cabbage in early summer and tree leaf litter in the fall. Tests of the ability of annually deposited wetland plant residues to stimulate denitrification and microbial respiration indicated that the degree of stimulation was inversely related to the C/N ratio of these carbon sources. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Off Pesticid Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s00374-006-0151-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 189OX UT WOS:000247999500008 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL AF Afonso, Claudio L. TI Sequencing of avian following random influenza virus genomes amplification SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; A VIRUSES; POULTRY AB Increasing surveillance for the avian influenza virus (AIV) has underscored the need for quickly and precisely characterizing isolates of this highly variable target. Random amplification, sequencing, and assembly of total RNA from nonpurified virus overcomes the need for specific primers for DNA microarray or PCR protocols. C1 SAA, USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), SAA, USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cafonso@seprLusda.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 188 EP + DI 10.2144/000112530 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 200RB UT WOS:000248779400015 PM 17824386 ER PT J AU Roussel, AM Andriollo-Sanchez, M Ferry, M Bryden, NA Anderson, RA AF Roussel, Anne-Marie Andriollo-Sanchez, Maud Ferry, Monique Bryden, Noella A. Anderson, Richard A. TI Food chromium content, dietary chromium intake and related biological variables in French free-living elderly SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chromium intakes; elderly; food chromium content ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXCRETION; MANGANESE; MINERALS; ELEMENTS; INSULIN; SPAIN AB Trivalent chromium (Cr(3+)) is an essential trace element involved in insulin function. Cr deficiencies result in decreased insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. Cr status decreases with age suggesting that the elderly may be at high risk of Cr deficiency. This study aimed to provide information about the Cr content of foods in France and the Cr intake in French free-living elderly. We measured the food Cr content and daily Cr intake of freely chosen diets for 3 d in twelve French free-living elderly people and their Cr excretion and plasma hormonal related variables, leptin, insulin and cortisol. Considering the relationship between insulin resistance and oxidative stress, we also determined plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, thiol groups and total and reduced glutathione. Although these subjects had well-balanced diets, their daily Cr intakes did not reach the French recommendations. The low Cr intakes were due to the low Cr density of the foods. We found a negative correlation between Cr intakes and insulin, BMI and leptin. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, ES 3746, Lab NVMC, F-38700 Grenoble, France. CHR Valence, F-26000 Valence, France. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roussel, AM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, ES 3746, Lab NVMC, F-38700 Grenoble, France. EM Anne-Marie.Roussel@ujf-grenoble.fr NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1017/S000711450770168X PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 203AO UT WOS:000248947700011 PM 17403270 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Lynch, MF Hawthorne, KM Chen, Z Hamzo, MG Abrams, SA AF Griffin, Ian J. Lynch, Mary Frances Hawthorne, Keli M. Chen, Zhensheng Hamzo, Maria G. Abrams, Steven A. TI Zinc homeostasis in 1-4 year olds consuming diets typical of US children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE children; copper absorption; mineral homeostasis; nutrient requirements; zinc absorption ID ABSORPTION; IRON; LOSSES; GIRLS AB Few data have evaluated Zn balance in young children after the first year of life. The objective of the present study was to study the relationships among Zn intake, absorption, endogenous faccal excretion, and retention in a group of healthy children. Thirty children, aged 15-48 months, were studied on a diet representative of their usual daily mineral intake. Zn absorption was assessed using a dual-tracer stable-isotope technique. Endogenous Zn faecal excretion and Cu absorption were determined in a subset of children. We found that Zn intake from the in-patient weighed dietary record (5.0 (SD 2.1) mg/d) was significantly greater than the current estimated average requirement (EAR; 2.5 mg/d; P < 0.0001). Neither fractional Zn absorption, urinary Zn excretion, nor endogenous faecal Zn excretion was significantly related to Zn intake (r(2) < 0.1; P > 0.4, for all). Absolute Zn absorption was significantly related to Zn intake (r(2) 0.696; P < 0.000 1), as was Zn retention (r(2) 0.506; P < 0.0001). Cu absorption was relatively high (75.1 (SD 10.8) %) despite the high Zn intake. The EAR for Zn based on this dataset would appear to be between 4.2 and 4.7 mg/d to allow for a net average retention of 120 mu g/d consistent with growth needs. We concluded that at relatively high Zn intakes there was little evidence of down regulation of absorption or up regulation of urinary or endogenous faecal Zn excretion across the intake range studied. Zn retention was positively correlated with intake. A Zn intake between 4.2 and 4.7 mg/d should meet the requirement for normal growth for this age group. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188] NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1017/S0007114507708796 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 203AO UT WOS:000248947700016 PM 17459190 ER PT J AU Varner, JM Hiers, JK Ottmar, RD Gordon, DR Putz, FE Wade, DD AF Varner, J. Morgan, III Hiers, J. Kevin Ottmar, Roger D. Gordon, Doria R. Putz, Francis E. Wade, Dale D. TI Overstory tree mortality resulting from reintroducing fire to long-unburned longleaf pine forests: the importance of duff moisture SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; NATURAL AREA; DOUGLAS-FIR; FINE-ROOT; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; BEETLES; COMBUSTION AB In forests historically maintained by frequent fire, reintroducing fire after decades of exclusion often causes widespread overstory mortality. To better understand this phenomenon, we subjected 16 fire-excluded (ca. 40 years since fire) 10 ha longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands to one of four replicated burning treatments based on volumetric duff moisture content (VDMC): wet (115% VDMQ; moist (85% VDMQ; dry (55% VDMQ; and a no-burn control. During the first 2 years postfire, overstory pines in the dry burns suffered the greatest mortality (mean 20.5%); pine mortality in the wet and moist treatments did not differ from the control treatment. Duff reduction was greatest in the dry burns (mean 46.5%), with minimal reduction in the moist and wet burns (14.5% and 5%, respectively). Nested logistic regression using trees from all treatments revealed that the best predictors of individual pine mortality were duff consumption and crown scorch (P < 0.001; R-2 = 0.34). Crown scorch was significant only in dry burns, whereas duff consumption was significant across all treatments. Duff consumption was related to moisture content in lower duff (Oa; R-2 = 0.78, P < 0.001). Restoring fire to long-unburned forests will require development of burn prescriptions that include the effects of duff consumption, an often overlooked fire effect. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Watershed Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Eglin Air Force Base, Niceville, FL 32570 USA. Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Nature Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Varner, JM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Watershed Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jmvarner@humboldt.edu NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1358 DI 10.1139/XO6-315 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230HQ UT WOS:000250867600006 ER PT J AU Friedenberg, NA Whited, BM Slone, DH Martinson, SJ Ayres, MP AF Friedenberg, Nicholas A. Whited, Brenda M. Slone, Daniel H. Martinson, Sharon J. Ayres, Matthew P. TI Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BARK BEETLES; PRIMARY ATTRACTION; ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; HABITAT BOUNDARIES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; EAST TEXAS; SCOLYTIDAE; TREE; DYNAMICS AB Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380-1273 km(2)) sustained 3-18 times more local infestations and 3-116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D.frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolut Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. US Geol Survey Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Friedenberg, NA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM naf@archidictus.org OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1437 DI 10.1139/XO7-008 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230HQ UT WOS:000250867600012 ER PT J AU Yarie, J Van Cleve, K Dyrness, CT Oliver, L Levison, J Erickson, R AF Yarie, John Van Cleve, Keith Dyrness, C. T. Oliver, Lola Levison, Jim Erickson, Roy TI Soil solution chemistry in relation to forest succession on the Tanana River floodplain, interior Alaska (vol 23, pg 928, 1993) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Alaska, Sch Agr & Land Resources Management, Forest Soils Lab, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Inst No Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Yarie, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Agr & Land Resources Management, Forest Soils Lab, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM j.yarie@uaf.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1523 EP 1523 DI 10.1139/XO7-913 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230HQ UT WOS:000250867600021 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Ruefenacht, B AF Helmer, E. H. Ruefenacht, B. TI A comparison of radiometric normalization methods when filling cloud gaps in Landsat imagery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; COVER CLASSIFICATION; SECONDARY FOREST; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; NETWORK; TREE AB Mapping persistently cloudy tropical landscapes with optical satellite imagery usually requires assembling the clear imagery from several dates. This study compares methods for normalizing image data when filling cloud gaps in Landsat imagery with imagery from other dates. Over a complex tropical island landscape, namely St. Kitts and Nevis and the island of St. Eustatius, all of the methods tested reduce interdate image differences for ETM+ bands 1-5 and 7, NDVI, and band 4:5 ratio. Regression tree normalization reduces the interdate differences more consistently than linear regression or histogram matching. Normalizing ETM+ images with regression trees can produce more seamless imagery than linear normalization, histogram matching, or image-based atmospheric correction via dark object subtraction. More seamless imagery enhances visual interpretation and helps reveal the distributions of forest formations in these landscapes. Decision tree classification of cloud-filled Landsat imagery can accurately map land cover and detailed forest formations. Decision tree classification accuracy is not highly dependent on the method used to make the cloud-filled imagery, however, at least as long as (i) classification model training data reflect class spectral variability, and (ii) ancillary spatial data that relate to the distributions of classes are used in the classification. Cloud-filled imagery is also known as cloud-cleared imagery. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, IITF, 240 W Prospect Rd,c-o RMRS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ehelmer@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 325 EP 340 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 209PO UT WOS:000249400700009 ER PT J AU Yin, S Xie, Y Nearing, MA Wang, C AF Yin, S. Xie, Y. Nearing, M. A. Wang, C. TI Estimation of rainfall erosivity using 5-to 60-minute fixed-interval rainfall data from China SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE rainfall erosivity index; breakpoint rainfall data; USLE; soil erosion ID R-FACTOR; EI CALCULATION AB The 30-min rainfall erosivity index (EI30) is commonly used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation for predicting soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. EI30 is calculated from the total kinetic energy and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a storm. Normally, EI30 values are calculated from breakpoint rainfall information taken from continuous recording rain gauge charts, however, in many places in China and other parts of the world the detailed chart-recorded rain gauge data relative to storm intensities are not readily available, while hourly rainfall is readily available. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of EI30 estimations based on 5-, 10-, 15-, 30-, and 60-min time-resolution rainfall data as compared to EI30 estimations from breakpoint rainfall information. 456 storm events from five soil conservation stations in eastern China were used. The values of EI30 based on the fixed-time-interval data were less than those calculated from breakpoint data. The average conversion factors (ratio of values calculated from the breakpoint data to those from the fixed-interval data) for the five stations decreased from 1.105 to 1.009 for the estimation of E values, from 1.668 to 1.007 for 130 values, and from 1.730 to 1.014 for EI30 values as the time resolution increased from 60 to 5 min. The maximum 30-min rainfall intensity was the major source of error in estimating EI30 for 60-min fixed-interval data, while storm kinetic energy played a proportionately more significant role as the fixed-interval data decreased from 60 to 5 min. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Xie, Y (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM xieyun@bnu.edu.cn NR 30 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.10.011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 199SJ UT WOS:000248715200004 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Zobeck, TM Ritchie, JC Gill, TE AF Van Pelt, R. Scott Zobeck, Ted M. Ritchie, Jerry C. Gill, Thomas E. TI Validating the use of Cs-137 measurements to estimate rates of soil redistribution by wind SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE (CS)-C-137; wind erosion; particle size correction; erosion rate models ID PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; WINDBLOWN SEDIMENT; CULTIVATED SOIL; SOUTHWEST NIGER; EROSION RATES; VARIABILITY; LIMITATIONS; MODELS AB Wind erosion has degraded over one-half billion hectares of land worldwide. (137)Cesium (Cs-137) has been used as a tracer to study long-term rates of soil redistribution by water and, to a lesser extent, by wind. Early studies assumed that the decline in Cs-137 activity for a potentially eroded soil relative to that for an uneroded soil was linearly proportional to soil loss. More recently, models have emerged that consider the effects of soil cultivation and the particle surface area-dependent partitioning of (CS)-C-137 on soils. We investigated the, partitioning of (CS)-C-137 in wind-eroded sediments and with soil surface samples sieved into contiguous ranges of particle sizes. We also compared the Cs-137 activities and stratification of several adjacent soils with known wind erosion and deposition histories. Finally, we tested Cs-137-based soil loss models with measured data from sites with documented histories. Cs-137 activities and mean particle diameters of aeolian samples agreed well with the Cs-137 activities and respective mean diameters of the sieved surface soil samples. Good agreement between model estimations and measured data indicated that (CS)-C-137 models developed to estimate soil redistribution by water were also applicable to soil redistribution by wind provided that the models contained an appropriate particle size correction parameter. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM svanpelt@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; OI Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.11.014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 199SJ UT WOS:000248715200019 ER PT J AU Li, S Lobb, DA Lindstrom, MJ Farenhorst, A AF Li, Sheng Lobb, David A. Lindstrom, Michael J. Farenhorst, Annemieke TI Tillage and water erosion on different landscapes in the northern North American Great Plains evaluated using (CS)-C-137 technique and soil erosion models SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE tillage erosion; water erosion; total soil erosion; Northern North American great plains ID LANDFORM SEGMENTATION; SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; CULTIVATED SOILS; REDISTRIBUTION; CS-137; TRANSLOCATION; SASKATCHEWAN; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; CANADA AB Total soil erosion is the integrated result of all forms of soil erosion-wind, water and tillage. It has been recognized that in topographically complex landscapes, individual soil erosion processes and their interactions all contribute towards total soil erosion. In this study, two field sites, representing different landscapes in the northern region of the North American Great Plains, were examined. Water and tillage erosions were estimated using the established water and tillage erosion models and total soil erosion was estimated using the (CS)-C-137 technique. We determined that the patterns of water and tillage erosion across the landscapes are mainly dependent on topographic features and they are fundamentally different within topographically complex landscapes. On the slope of undulating landscapes, tillage and water erosion both contribute considerably to total soil erosion. On the knoll of hummocky landscapes, tillage erosion dominates the pattern of total soil erosion. Tested against the Cs measurements, the patterns of total soil erosion cannot be well estimated by water or tillage erosion model alone unless one of the two erosion processes predominate over the other erosion processes. Combining water and tillage erosion models generally provides better estimations of total soil erosion than the component models on their own. Most soil properties and crop yield were found to be closely correlated with total soil erosion. For a given erosion process, the soil erosion patterns estimated using different models with reasonable parameter settings were similar to each other. However, it is necessary to choose an optimal model and to obtain accurate parameters for the purpose of accurate assessments of the erosion rates. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. USDA ARS, Morris, MN USA. RP Lobb, DA (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM lobbda@ms.umanitoba.ca NR 36 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.12.003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 199SJ UT WOS:000248715200023 ER PT J AU Cayuela, ML Millner, P Slovin, J Roig, A AF Cayuela, M. L. Millner, P. Slovin, J. Roig, A. TI Duckweed (Lemna gibba) growth inhibition bioassay for evaluating the toxicity of olive mill wastes before and during composting SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE olive mill waste; Lemna gibba; Lepidium sativum; phytotoxicity; composting ID NITROGEN; WATER; MATURITY AB Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) is considered the main problem confronting the modern oil extraction and processing industry. Composting has been recently proposed as a suitable method to treat TPOMW so that it is suitable for use in agriculture. In the work reported here, the Lemna gibba bioassay was tested to assess the toxicity of TPOMW before and during the composting process. The method was compared with the Lepidium sativum bioassay and with other chemical maturity indices traditionally reported in the literature. The L. gibba test proved to be a simple, sensitive, and accurate method to evaluate toxicity before and during the composting of TPOMW. Plant growth response was measured by two methods: counting the number of fronds (leaves) and measuring total frond area (TFA) with image analysis software. Compared to the counting of fronds (L. gibba) or seeds (L. sativum), the use of area-measuring software permitted a very rapid, unbiased and easy way of analysing the toxicity of TPOMW before and during composting. Although the accuracy of the frond count method was similar to the traditional cress seed test, data analysis showed that the TFA measurement method was statistically more accurate (significantly lower variance) than the frond count approach. Highly significant correlations were found between TFA and some important maturation indices commonly reported in literature indicating that the L. gibba bioassay can be a useful tool to determine the degree of maturity of TPOMW composts. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, CEBAS, Dept Soil & Water Conservat & Waste Management, Murcia 30100, Spain. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cayuela, ML (reprint author), CSIC, CEBAS, Dept Soil & Water Conservat & Waste Management, Campus Univ Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain. EM mlcg@cebas.csic.es RI Roig, Asuncion/G-4170-2011; Cayuela, Maria Luz/B-5612-2008 OI Cayuela, Maria Luz/0000-0003-0929-4204 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1985 EP 1991 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.064 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193BK UT WOS:000248248200024 PM 17448522 ER PT J AU Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP Torrents, A AF Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E. Rice, Clifford P. Torrents, Alba TI Octyl and nonylphenol ethoxylates and carboxylates in wastewater and sediments by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE nonylphenol; octylphenol; alkylphenol ethoxylates; wastewater; sediment; isotope dilution; LC-MS-MS; standard additions ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; SEWAGE EFFLUENTS; METABOLITES; IONIZATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; OCTYLPHENOL AB This work presents an LC-MS-MS-based method for the quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEOs) in water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter, and three of their carboxylated derivatives in water. The alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) were analyzed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with [C-13(6)]-labeled analogues, whereas the carboxylated derivatives were determined by external standard quantitation followed by confirmation using standard additions. The method was used to study APEO's behavior in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), where total dissolved NP0-16EO concentration was reduced by approximately 99% from influent (390 mu g 1(-1)) to final effluent (4 mu g 1(-1)), and total OP0-5EO concentration decreased by 94% from 3.1 to 0.2 mu g 1(-1). In contrast, the carboxylated derivatives were formed during the process with NP0-1EC concentrations increasing from 1.4 to 24 mu g 1-1. Short-chain APEOs were present in higher proportions in particulate matter, presumably due to greater affinity for solids compared to the long-chain homologues. NP (0.49 mu g 1(-1)) and NP0-1EC (4.8 mu g 1(-1)) were the only APEO-related compounds detected in a surface water sample from a WWTP-impacted estuary; implying that 90% of the mass was in the form of carboxylated derivatives. Sediment analysis showed nonylphenol to be the single most abundant compound in sediments from the Baltimore Harbor area, where differences in homologue distribution suggested the presence of treated effluent in some of the sites and non-treated sources in the rest. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Environm Engn Program, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Environm Engn Program, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu NR 29 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2118 EP 2127 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214BH UT WOS:000249710500015 PM 17395243 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Zhu, Q Hogenkamp, D Dixit, R Specht, CA Beeman, RW Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S AF Arakane, Y. Zhu, Q. Hogenkamp, D. Dixit, R. Specht, C. A. Beeman, R. W. Kramer, K. J. Muthukrishnan, S. TI Functional analysis of genes of chitin metabolism in Tribolium castaneum by RNA interference SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM subaru@ksu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 SU 1 BP S59 EP S59 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.149 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 209YX UT WOS:000249425000142 ER PT J AU Renshaw, MA Patton, JC Rexroad, CE Gold, JR AF Renshaw, Mark A. Patton, John C. Rexroad, Caird E., III Gold, John R. TI Isolation and characterization of dinucleotide microsatellites in greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE greater amberjack; genomic library; microsatellites; Seriola dumerili ID GROWTH; AGE AB Thirteen nuclear-encoded dinucleotide microsatellites were characterized from a genomic DNA library of greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili. The microsatellites include 12 perfect-repeat motifs and one imperfect-repeat motif. The number of alleles at the 13 microsatellites among a sample of 29 fish ranged from 3 to 25; gene diversity ( expected heterozygosity) ranged from 0.296 to 0.948, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.276 to 0.897. Following Bonferroni correction, genotypes at all 13 microsatellites fit expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. One pairwise comparison of microsatellites deviated significantly from expectations of genotypic equilibrium, suggesting that these two microsatellites may be linked. Greater amberjack support commercial and recreational fisheries along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U.S. and represent a species with potential for worldwide aquaculture. The microsatellites developed will be useful for conservation and population genetic studies of 'wild' and domesticated populations of greater amberjack. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Renshaw, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mrenshaw@ag.tamu.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1011 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9221-y PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 193UJ UT WOS:000248300300026 ER PT J AU Thorne, ME Young, FL Yenish, JP AF Thorne, M. E. Young, F. L. Yenish, J. P. TI Cropping systems alter weed seed banks in Pacific Northwest semi-arid wheat region SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE seed banks; weed shifts; no-till cropping; winter wheat; Dust-Mulch fallow; chemical fallow; Pacific Northwest ID CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; RUSSIAN THISTLE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; DOWNY BROME; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER-WHEAT; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; GENETIC-VARIATION AB Arable land weed seed banks are dynamic and reflect cropping history, current management, and environment. Changes in crop rotation and tillage system can alter weed seed density and species composition. In the semi-arid region of the Pacific Northwest, USA, no-till spring cropping is being studied as an alternative to the traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/dust-mulch fallow (WWF) rotation. Weed seed bank density and species composition were assessed during the first 6 years of an ongoing cropping system study comparing WWF with three no-till rotations; spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/chemical fallow (SWF), continuous spring wheat (CSW), and spring wheat/spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (SWSB). Soil cores were collected at depths of 0-8, 8-15, and 15-23 cm in all plots during August each year following crop harvest. Weed seeds were washed from the soil, dried, and germinated in a glasshouse. Weed species most associated with the 0-8 cm depth was Bromus tectorum L., the major winter annual grass weed in WWF. Species most associated with 8-15 cm depth was Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nut. ex S. Wats, a native warm season broadleaf weed that may have long seed bank persistence. An initial high density of B. tectorum was reduced with no-till spring crops and in WWF with intensive management strategies. In comparison an initial low weed seed density of R tectorum remained low with no-till but increased in WWF with less management. Broadleaf weed species did not become management problems in no-till; however, seed bank weed shifts occurred where winter annual broadleaf species remained following reduction of high densities of R tectorum. Summer annual broadleaf weed seeds such as C leptophyllum and Salsola tragus L. were present but not at high densities. Summer annual grass weed seeds were not present and are not typical in this region. In this research, no-till spring cereal based systems did not result in an increase in total seed density at the soil surface. Results front this research show that no-till spring crop rotations are effective at controlling winter annual grass weeds as well as broadleaf weeds normally associated with WWF. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Managemnt & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Managemnt & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1134 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.021 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 190DA UT WOS:000248037000004 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, D Walters, C AF Ballesteros, Daniel Walters, Christina TI Calorimetric properties of water and triacylglycerols in fern spores relating to storage at cryogenic temperatures SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differential scanning calorimetry; ex situ conservation; fern spores; germplasm; relative humidity; triacylglycerol; unfrozen water; water content ID PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA L.; ENDANGERED TREE FERN; SEED STORAGE; EMBRYONIC AXES; GERMINATING SPORES; GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANUM; POLYPODIUM-VULGARE; CYATHEA-DELGADII; PTERIS-VITTATA AB Storing spores is a promising method to conserve genetic diversity of ferns ex situ. Inappropriate water contents or damaging effects of triacylglycerol (TAG) crystallization may cause initial damage and deterioration with time in spores placed at -15 degrees C or liquid nitrogen temperatures. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to monitor enthalpy and temperature of water and TAG phase transitions within spores of five fern species: Pteris vittata, Thelypteris patustris, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum setiferum. The analyses suggested that these fern spores contained between 26% and 39% TAG, and were comprised of mostly oleic (P. vittata) or linoleic acid (other species) depending on species. The water contents at which water melting events were first observable ranged from 0.06 (P. vittata) to 0.12 (P. setiferum) g H2O g(-1) dry weight, and were highly correlated with water affinity parameters. In spores containing more than 0.09 (P. vittata) to 0.25 (P. setiferum) g H2O g(-1) dry weight, some water partitioned into a near pure water fraction that melted at about 0 degrees C. These sharp peaks near 0 degrees C were associated with lethal freezing treatments. The enthalpy of water melting transitions was similar in fern spores, pollen and seeds; however, the unfrozen water content was much lower in fern spores compared to other forms of germplasm. Though there is a narrow range of water contents appropriate for low temperature storage of fern spores, water content can be precisely manipulated to avoid both desiccation and freezing damage. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Valencia, Jardi Botan ICBiBE, Banco Germoplasma, Valencia 46008, Spain. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 So Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Christina.walters@ars.usda.gov RI Ballesteros, Daniel/A-8947-2017 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.03.006 PG 9 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 201MW UT WOS:000248836900001 PM 17553480 ER PT J AU Kreider, T Anthony, RM Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Kreider, Timothy Anthony, Robert M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Gause, William C. TI Alternatively activated macrophages in helminth infections SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SELECTIVE UP-REGULATION; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; NEMATODE PARASITES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TH2 RESPONSES; IFN-GAMMA; INFLAMMATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB Helminthic parasites can trigger highly polarized immune responses typically associated with increased numbers of CD4(+) Th2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. These cell populations are thought to coordinate an effective response ultimately leading to parasite expulsion, but they also play a role in the regulation of associated pathologic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that macrophages, conventionally associated with IFN-gamma-dominant Th1-type responses to many bacteria and viruses, also play an essential role in the Th2-type inflammatory response. These macrophages are referred to as alternatively activated macrophages (AAM phi s) as they express a characteristic pattern of cell surface and secreted molecules distinct from that of classically activated macrophages (CAM phi s) associated with microbe infections. In this review, we will discuss recent findings regarding the role of AAM phi s in the development of disease and host protection following helminth infection. C1 UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Genet & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. USDA, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, MSB 639,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-13, R01 AI066188-02, R01 AI031678, R01 AI066188-01A1, R01 AI031678-14, R01 AI066188] NR 47 TC 168 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 19 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.coi.2007.07.002 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 209DH UT WOS:000249368700012 PM 17702561 ER PT J AU Balk, EM Tatsioni, A Lichtenstein, AH Lau, J Pittas, AG AF Balk, Ethan M. Tatsioni, Athina Lichtenstein, Alice H. Lau, Joseph Pittas, Anastassios G. TI Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids - A systematic review of randomized controlled trials SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BREWERS-YEAST; SERUM-LIPIDS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION; INORGANIC CHROMIUM; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS AB OBJECTIVE - A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake >= 3 weeks, with >= 10 participants receiving chromium. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate. RESULTS - Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by -0.6% (95% CI -0.9 to -0.2) and fasting glucose by -1.0 mmol/l (-1.4 to -0.5) but not lipids. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status. CONCLUSIONS - No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Clin Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Balk, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, 750 Washington St,NEMC 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ebalk@tufts-nemc.org FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK061506, K23-DK61506]; PHS HHS [AHRQ 290-02-0023] NR 57 TC 105 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2154 EP 2163 DI 10.2337/dc06-0996 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 197QH UT WOS:000248570200044 PM 17519436 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, Rasa Zhao, Yan Davis, Robert E. TI Sequence-variable mosaics: Composites of recurrent transposition characterizing the genomes of phylogenetically diverse phytoplasmas SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOBILE GENE CASSETTES; EXTRAGENIC PALINDROMIC SEQUENCES; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; DNA; RECOMBINATION; ELEMENT; INSERTION; EVOLUTION; INTEGRONS; CLASSIFICATION AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotes characterized by small, AT-rich genomes that encode capabilities for obligate, transkingdom parasitism and pathogenicity in plants and insect vectors. Inability to isolate and characterize phytoplasmas in pure culture has led to adoption of the 'Candidatus species' convention to refer to distinct phytoplasma lineages. In this study, we provide evidence that multiple, sequence-variable mosaics (SVMs) of clustered genes and repetitive extragenic palindromes are characteristic features of phytoplasma genome architecture in phylogenetically diverse species. The findings suggest that the origin of SVMs was an ancient event in evolution of the phytoplasma clade, while current forms of SVMs are results of dramatic and more recent events. Sequence diversity of hypervariable regions indicated rapid evolution possibly involving capture of mobile elements recurrently targeted to SVMs. Multiple events of targeted mobile element attack, recombination, and rearrangement conceivably account for the composite structure of SVMs. Proteins encoded by the highly variable region included a lysophospholipase and other putatively secreted and/or transmembrane, cell surface-interacting proteins potentially significant in phytoplasma-host interactions. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1089/dna.2007.0610 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 198VZ UT WOS:000248656900005 PM 17688407 ER PT J AU Leach, RM Richards, MP Praul, CA Ford, BC McMurtry, JP AF Leach, R. M., Jr. Richards, M. P. Praul, C. A. Ford, B. C. McMurtry, J. P. TI Investigation of the insulin-like growth factor system in the avian epiphyseal growth plate SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IGFs; gene expression; insulin-like growth factor system; epiphyseal growth plate; chicken ID FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; I IGF-I; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHONDROCYTE PROLIFERATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; CELL-PROLIFERATION; OVINE FETUS; HORMONE; CARTILAGE AB Components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system were investigated in chondrocytes isolated from the avian growth plate. The genes for IGF-I, IGF-II, type I IGF receptor (IGF-R), IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-7 were found to be expressed in both proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes. The expression of IGF-11 in proliferative chondrocytes was extremely high relative to IGF-I. Although IGF-I expression was significantly increased in hypertrophic chondrocytes, the level was still low relative to IGF-II. In cell culture, IGF-I stimulated proteoglycan synthesis and increased the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and type X collagen, markers of chondrocyte differentiation. IGF-II was found to be equally efficacious in stimulating proteoglycan biosynthesis. These observations suggest that IGF-II may play a significant role in avian growth plate physiology, which is consistent with several reports on mammalian endochondral bone growth. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Life Sci Consortium, Wartik Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Borland Lab 7, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Leach, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 205 William L Henning Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lnr@psu.edu NR 39 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.04.010 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 194FS UT WOS:000248330400002 PM 16740373 ER PT J AU Davies, KF Harrison, S Safford, HD Viers, JH AF Davies, Kendi F. Harrison, Susan Safford, Hugh D. Viers, Joshua H. TI Productivity alters the scale dependence of the diversity-invasibility relationship SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California grassland; coexistence mechanisms; competitive exclusion; diversity-invasibility paradox; heterogeneity; invasion; niche partitioning; productivity; serpentine ID INVASION RESISTANCE; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT COMPETITION; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENTS; AVAILABILITY; BIODIVERSITY AB At small scales, areas with high native diversity are often resistant to invasion, while at large scales, areas with more native species harbor more exotic species, suggesting that different processes control the relationship between native and exotic species diversity at different spatial scales. Although the small-scale negative relationship between native and exotic diversity has a satisfactory explanation, we lack a mechanistic explanation for the change in relationship to positive at large scales. We investigated the native-exotic diversity relationship at three scales (range: 1-4000 km(2)) in California serpentine, a system with a wide range in the productivity of sites from harsh to lush. Native and exotic diversity were positively correlated at all three scales; it is rarer to detect a positive relationship at the small scales within which interactions between individuals occur. However, although positively correlated on average, the small-scale relationship between native and exotic diversity was positive at low-productivity sites and negative at high-productivity sites: Thus, the change in the relationship between native and exotic diversity does not depend on spatial scale per se, but occurs whenever environmental conditions change to promote species coexistence rather than competitive exclusion. This occurred within a single spatial scale when the environment shifted from being locally unproductive to productive. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Davies, KF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kendi.davies@colorado.edu NR 42 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1940 EP 1947 DI 10.1890/06-1907.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IO UT WOS:000248620500011 PM 17824424 ER PT J AU Uselman, SM Qualls, RG Lilienfein, J AF Uselman, Shauna M. Qualls, Robert G. Lilienfein, Juliane TI Fine root production across a primary successional ecosystem chronosequence at Mt. Shasta, California SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE belowground net primary productivity; chronosequence; ecosystem development; fine root production; litterfall; primary succession; temperate forests ID ORGANIC-MATTER ACCRETION; SCOTS PINE STANDS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; WEATHERING CHRONOSEQUENCE; CARBON ALLOCATION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; DOUGLAS-FIR; BIOMASS; DYNAMICS; TURNOVER AB Estimating changes in belowground biomass and production is essential for understanding fundamental patterns and processes during ecosystem development. We examined patterns of fine root production, aboveground litterfall, and forest floor accumulation during forest primary succession at the Mt. Shasta Mudflows ecosystem chronosequence. Fine root production was measured using the root ingrowth cores method over 1 year, and aboveground litterfall was collected over 2 years. Fine root production increased significantly with ecosystem age, but only the youngest ecosystem was significantly different from all of the older ecosystems. Root production was 44.5 +/- 13.3, 168.3 +/- 20.6, 190.5 +/- 33.8, and 236.3 +/- 65.4 g m(-2) y(-1) in the 77, 255, 616, and > 850-year-old ecosystems, respectively. Generally, aboveground litterfall and forest floor accumulation did not follow the same pattern as root production. The relative contribution of fine root production to total fine detrital production increased significantly with ecosystem age, from 14 to 49%, but only the youngest ecosystem was significantly different from all of the older ecosystems. Fine root production was significantly correlated with some measures of soil fertility but was not correlated with leaf or total litterfall, or forest floor accumulation. It was best predicted by soil N concentration alone, but this relationship may not be causal, as soil N concentration was also correlated with ecosystem age. For the oldest ecosystem, fine root production was also measured using the sequential intact cores/compartment-flow model method, and the difference between the two estimates was not significant. Our study suggests that the relative contribution of fine roots to fine detrital production, and hence to soil organic matter accumulation, may increase during forest primary succession. C1 Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nat Resources & Environmental Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Synergy Resource Solut Inc, Belgrade, MT 59714 USA. RP Uselman, SM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM uselman@unr.nevada.edu NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9045-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217TC UT WOS:000249969200003 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Bestelmeyer, BT Turner, MG AF Peters, Debra P. C. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Turner, Monica G. TI Cross-scale interactions and changing pattern-process relationships: Consequences for system dynamics SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecological surprises; landscape ecology; propagating events; spatial heterogeneity; transfer processes ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEMS; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Cross-scale interactions refer to processes at one spatial or temporal scale interacting with processes at another scale to result in nonlinear dynamics with thresholds. These interactions change the pattern-process relationships across scales such that fine-scale processes can influence a broad spatial extent or a long time period, or broad-scale drivers can interact with fine-scale processes to determine system dynamics. Cross-scale interactions are increasing recognized as having important influences on ecosystem processes, yet they pose formidable challenges for understanding and forecasting ecosystem dynamics. In this introduction to the special feature, "Cross-scale interactions and pattern-process relationships", we provide a synthetic framework for understanding the causes and consequences of cross-scale interactions. Our framework focuses on the importance of transfer processes and spatial heterogeneity at intermediate scales in linking fine- and broad-scale patterns and processes. Transfer processes and spatial heterogeneity can either amplify or attenuate system response to broad-scale drivers. Providing a framework to explain cross-scale interactions is an important step in improving our understanding and ability to predict the impacts of propagating events and to ameliorate these impacts through proactive measures. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014 NR 54 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 11 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9055-6 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217TC UT WOS:000249969200009 ER PT J AU Falk, DA Miller, C McKenzie, D Black, AE AF Falk, Donald A. Miller, Carol McKenzie, Donald Black, Anne E. TI Cross-scale analysis of fire regimes SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE landscape fire; fire regime; event-area relationship; interval-area relationship; multi-scale analysis; simulation models; neutral models; climate regime; SIMPPLLE ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SURFACE FIRE; CROWN FIRE; HISTORY; DROUGHT AB Cross-scale spatial and temporal perspectives are important for studying contagious landscape disturbances such as fire, which are controlled by myriad processes operating at different scales. We examine fire regimes in forests of western North America, focusing on how observed patterns of fire frequency change across spatial scales. To quantify changes in fire frequency across spatial scale, we derive the event-area (EA) relationship and the analogous interval-area (IA) relationship using historical and simulated data from low- and high-severity fire regimes. The EA and IA provide multi-scale descriptions of fire regimes, as opposed to standard metrics that may apply only at a single scale. Parameters and properties of scaling functions (intercept, slope, minimum value) are associated statistically with properties of the fire regime, such as mean fire-free intervals and fire size distributions, but are not direct mathematical transformations of them because they also reflect mechanistic drivers of fire that are non-stationary in time and space. Patterns in fire-scaling relations can be used to identify how controls on fire regimes change across spatial and temporal scales. Future research that considers fire as a cross-scale process will be directly applicable to landscape-scale fire management. C1 Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, US Forest Serv, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Falk, DA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dafalk@u.arizona.edu NR 101 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 809 EP 823 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9070-7 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217TC UT WOS:000249969200011 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Li, CJ Caperna, TJ Kahl, S Schmidt, WF AF Elsasser, Ted H. Li, Cong-Jun Caperna, Thomas J. Kahl, Stanislaw Schmidt, Walter F. TI Growth hormone (GH)-associated nitration of janus kinase-2 at the Y-1007-Y-1008 epitope impedes phosphorylation at this site: Mechanism for and impact of a GH, AKT, and nitric oxide synthase axis on GH signal transduction SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE NITRATION; FACTOR-I; ENDOTOXIN CHALLENGE; PORCINE HEPATOCYTES; BINDING-PROTEINS; PRIMARY CULTURES; STRUCTURAL BASIS; JAK2; RECEPTOR; INSULIN AB A generalized increase in liver protein tyrosine nitration (3-nitrotyrosine, 3'-NT) occurs after GH injection in a time frame consistent with observed acute GH hyporesponsiveness. Here we investigated whether the GH-associated nitration process might be targeted to the Y-1007-Y-1008-phosphorylation epitope of Janus kinase (JAK)- 2 because of its homology to a defined peptide nitration motif. Using antibodies we developed to the 3' NT-substituted peptide analog of the Y-1007-Y-1008-JAK2 site (nitro-JAK2), we demonstrated a rapid increase in membraneassociated nitro-JAK2 after GH. In vivo ( bovine liver) and in vitro (porcine hepatocytes), GH-induced cellular levels of nitro(1007)Y- Y-1008-JAK2 persisted significantly longer after a stimulatory GH pulse than did levels of phospho- JAK2. Treatment of cultured cells with inhibitors of AKT or endothelial nitric oxide synthase prior to GH challenge attenuated the increases in nitro-JAK2 predominantly in the membrane subcellular fraction. In instances in which GH effected orthophosphorylation of Y-694- signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)- 5b, the addition of AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors prior to GH significantly increased the levels of phospho-Y-694- STAT5b and phospho-(1007)YJAK2 over those arising from GH alone. Nuclear magnetic resonance molecular modeling of natural and 3'- NT- and orthophosphatesubstituted peptide analogs of the Y-1007-Y-1008 site demonstrated significant effects of 3'- nitration on the planar orientation and intramolecular stabilizing points of the affected tyrosines. When these peptides were used as substrates for in vitro tyrosine kinase phosphorylation reactions, 3'- NT in the (1007)Yand/ or (1008)Ypositions blocked the generation of Y-1007- phosphotyrosine. The data suggest that the nitration of JAK2 may act as an inhibitory counterpart to phosphorylation activation, reflecting a very localized break on the progression of GH signal transduction processes spanning JAKSTATAKT interactions. C1 USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 8 BP 3792 EP 3802 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1736 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 190UT UT WOS:000248086800030 PM 17510232 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Li, CJ Sartin, JL Garrett, WM Rodrigo, J AF Elsasser, Ted H. Kahl, Stanislaw Li, Cong-Jun Sartin, James L. Garrett, Wesley M. Rodrigo, Jose TI Caveolae nitration of janus kinase-2 at the Y-1007-Y-1008 site: Coordinating inflammatory response and metabolic hormone readjustment within the somatotropic axis SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTEIN-TYROSINE NITRATION; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATION; ENDOTOXIN; JAK2; RECEPTOR AB Life-threatening proinflammatory response (PR) induces severe GH resistance. Although low-level PR is much more commonly encountered clinically, relatively few studies have investigated the accompanying change in GH signal transduction progression and, in particular, the impact of low-level PR on Janus kinase (JAK)-2. Using a low-level, in vivo endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] challenge protocol, we demonstrated that the liver tissue content of JAK2 declined 24 h (62%, P < 0.02) after LPS and that tyrosine- nitrated JAK2 could be immunoprecipitated from post-LPS liver biopsy homogenates. With antibodies developed to probe specifically for nitration at the Y-1007-Y-1008 phosphorylation epitope of JAK2, we demonstrated that the nitrated Y-1007-Y-1008-JAK- 2 (nitro-JAK2) coimmunoprecipitated with caveolin-1 and (1177)phospho-SER-endothelial nitric oxide synthase when post-LPS liver homogenates were treated with anticaveolin-and protein A/G. The magnitude of increase in nitro-JAK2 was attenuated in animals treated with vitamin E prior to LPS. The increase in nitro-JAK2 after LPS was greater in a line of experimental animals with a genetic propensity for higher PR at the given LPS dose than responses measured in their normal counterparts. The development and remission of nitro JAK2 was temporally concordant with changes in plasma concentrations of IGF-I; hepatocellular IGF-I mRNA content was inversely proportional to nitro-JAK2 content. Localized changes in the state of nitration of regulatory phosphorylation domains of JAK2 in caveolar microenvironments and tissue content of JAK2 during PR suggest a unique mechanism through which discrete signal transduction switching might occur in the liver to fine tune cellular responses to the endocrineimmune signals that develop during low-level, transient proinflammatory stress. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Inst Cajal, Dept Neuroanat & Cellular Biol, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 8 BP 3803 EP 3813 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1737 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 190UT UT WOS:000248086800031 PM 17510231 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SA Muchow, M Richards, MP McMurtry, JP Porter, TE AF Jenkins, S. A. Muchow, M. Richards, M. P. McMurtry, J. P. Porter, T. E. TI Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone during chicken embryonic development prematurely induces pituitary growth hormone cells SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; RAT SOMATOTROPES INVITRO; FOWL GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-I; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROLACTIN SECRETION; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Treatment of fetal rats and embryonic chickens with exogenous glucocorticoids induces premature GH cell differentiation. However, it is unknown whether the developing adrenal gland is capable of mounting this response autonomously. The present study determined whether stimulation of the adrenal gland in developing chicken embryos through administration of ACTH could induce a premature increase in GH cells. We found that plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels increased between embryonic day (e) 11 and e17, consistent withGHcell (somatotroph) ontogeny. Injection of ACTH into eggs on e9, e10, or e11 increased somatotrophs on e14. In contrast, thyroidstimulating hormone, CRH, alpha-MSH, GHRH, and TRH were ineffective. Culture of e11 pituitary cells with ACTH failed to induce somatotrophs, suggesting an indirect action of ACTH on GH cells in vivo. Intravenous administration of ACTH dramatically increased plasma levels of corticosterone within 1 h and increased the percentage of pituitary somatotrophs within 24 h. Although ACTH administration increased the relative abundance of pituitary GH cells, there was no effect on plasma levels of GH, IGF-I, or IGF-II, or in hepatic expression of IGF-I or IGF-II mRNA. We conclude that ACTH administration can increase the population of GH cells in the embryonic pituitary. However, this treatment alone does not lead to downstream activation of hepatic IGF production. These findings indicate that the embryonic adrenal gland, and ultimately anterior pituitary corticotrophs, may function to regulate pituitary GH cell differentiation during embryonic development. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Cell & Mol Biol Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Porter, TE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Cell & Mol Biol Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM teporter@umd.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 8 BP 3914 EP 3921 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1102 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 190UT UT WOS:000248086800041 PM 17463063 ER PT J AU Dearfield, K AF Dearfield, K. TI Mode of action analysis to address heritable mutations: Acrylamide as an example. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 20-24, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 201XI UT WOS:000248865500067 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Mowery, SV AF Esquivel, J. F. Mowery, S. V. TI Host plants of the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) in Central Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; host plants; Lygus lineolaris; cotton ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; SAMPLING METHODS; COTTON; POPULATIONS; HEMIPTERA; PREDATORS; ABSOLUTE AB The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the Cotton Belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). Because the Southern Blacklands region of Central Texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. L. lineolaris was the sole lygus species in the region. Thirteen previously unreported host plants were identified for L. lineolaris, of which 69% supported reproduction. Rapistrum rugosum L. Allioni and Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton and Standley were primary weed hosts during the early season (17 March to 31 May). Conyza canadensis L. Cronquist variety canadensis and Ambrosia trifida L. were primary weed hosts during the midseason (I June to 14 August) and late-season (15 August to 30 November), respectively. Sisymbrium irio L. and Lamium. amplexicaule L. sustained L. lineolaris populations during the overwintering period (I December to 16 March). The proportion of females and numbers of nymphs found in R. rugosum, C. canadensis, A. trifida, and S. irio suggests these weeds supported reproductive adults during the early, mid-, and late season and overwintering period, respectively. Medicago sativa L. was the leading crop host for L. lineolaris; Glycine max L. Merrill did not yield L. lineolaris. Few L. lineolaris were collected in Gossypium hirsutum L. These results provide a more comprehensive assessment of host plants contributing to L. lineolaris populations in central Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM zeus@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[725:HPOTTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900010 PM 17716463 ER PT J AU Romon, P Iturrondobeitia, JC Gibson, K Lindgren, BS Goldarazena, A AF Romon, Pedro Carlos Iturrondobeitia, Juan Gibson, Ken Lindgren, B. Staffan Goldarazena, Arturo TI Quantitative association of bark beetles with pitch canker fungus and effects of verbenone on their semiochemical communication in monterey pine forests in Northern Spain SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pinus radiata; bark beetles; verbenone; semiochemical communication; Fusarium circinatum epidemiology ID F-SP PINI; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS COLEOPTERA; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; FUSARIUM-SUBGLUTINANS; DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS; PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; HYLURGOPS-PALLIATUS; HOST TREE; SCOLYTIDAE; MONOTERPENES AB The association between 11 species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and one weevil (Coleoptera: Entiminae) with the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell, was determined by crushing beetles on selective medium and histone H3 gene sequencing. Pityophthorus pubescens (Marsham) (25.00%), Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal) (11.96%), Ips sexdentatus (Borner) (8.57%), Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood (7.89%), Hylastes attenuatus Erichson (7.40%). and Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (2.73%) were found to carry the inoculum. In addition, the root weevil Brachyderes incanus L. (14.28%) bad the second highest frequency of occurrence of the fungus. The responses of the insects to a range of verbenone doses were tested in field bioassays using funnel traps. Catches of P. pubescens, a species colonizing branch tips of live trees, were significantly reduced in a log-linear dose-dependent relationship. Catches of L sexdentatus, an opportunistic species normally attacking fresh dead host material, were also gradually reduced with increasing verbenone dose. Catches of Tomicus piniperda L., O. erosus, Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg), H. eruditus, Xyleborus dryographus (Ratzeburg), Hylastes ater (Paykull), Hylurgus ligniperda (F.), H. attenuatus, and B. incanus were not significantly affected by verbenone. The effects of verbenone were consistent with differences in host-age preference. Semiochemical disruption by verbenone in P. pubescens and I. sexdentatus could represent an integrated pest management strategy for the prevention of the spread of pitch canker disease between different stands. However, several species associated with F. circinatum were unaffected by verbenone, not supporting this compound for prevention of the establishment of potential vectors in Northern Spain. C1 NEIKER TECNALIA, Basque Inst Agr Res & Dev, Dept Plant Prod & Protect, Vitoria 01080, Spain. Univ Basque Country, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Zool & Dinam Celular Anim, E-48940 Leioa, Spain. US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. RP Goldarazena, A (reprint author), NEIKER TECNALIA, Basque Inst Agr Res & Dev, Dept Plant Prod & Protect, Arkaute 46, Vitoria 01080, Spain. EM agoldarazena@neiker.net RI Goldarazena, Arturo/A-3258-2009; ROMON, PEDRO/H-2164-2011; Lindgren, B Staffan/G-5947-2012 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[743:QAOBBW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900012 PM 17716465 ER PT J AU Alston, DG Tepedino, VJ Bradley, BA Toler, TR Griswold, TL Messinger, SM AF Alston, Diane G. Tepedino, Vincent J. Bradley, Brosi A. Toler, Trent R. Griswold, Terry L. Messinger, Susanna M. TI Effects of the insecticide phosmet on solitary bee foraging and nesting in orchards of Capitol Reef National Park, Utah SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; lethal effects; Megachile; pollination; solitary bees AB Capitol Reef National Park, in southcentral Utah, contains 22 small orchards planted with antique fruit varieties by Mormon pioneers beginning over a century ago. The orchards continue to be managed in a pick-and-pay program, which includes spraying with phosmet to suppress codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). The park is also home to a rich diversity of flowering plants, many of which are rare, bee-pollinated, and have populations within 1 kin of the orchards. Over 3 yr, we studied the short-term effects of phosmet spraying on bee populations: (1) foraging on plants within the orchard understory and adjacent to it; and (2) nesting in, and at several distances from, the orchards. We recorded a rich bee fauna (47 taxa) in the orchards and on plants nearby. In 2 yr (2002 and 2004), we found no difference in the number of native bee visits to several species of plants flowering in and near to orchards immediately before and 1 d after spraying. Conversely, our nesting studies using the semidomesticated alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), showed strong significant declines in the number of adult males, nesting females, and progeny production subsequent to spraying at distances up to 160 in from sprayed orchards where the bees were presumably foraging. We showed that Al. rotundata is negatively affected by phosmet spraying and suggest that caution should be exercised in its use in areas where bees are apt to forage. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. HDR Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Alston, DG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM dianea@biology.usu.edu NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 37 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[811:EOTIPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900018 PM 17716471 ER PT J AU Miao, J Wu, KM Hopper, KR Li, GX AF Miao, Jin Wu, Kongming Hopper, Keith R. Li, Guoxun TI Population dynamics of Aphis glycines (Homoptera : Aphididae) and impact of natural enemies in Northern China SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; natural enemies; biological control; exclosure experiment ID SOYBEAN APHID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE; MATSUMURA; MANAGEMENT; HEMIPTERA; GROWTH; PREY AB Field surveys of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and its natural enemies, as well as natural enemy exclosure experiments, were conducted during 2003 and 2004 in soybean fields near Langfang, China. In 2003, aphid density increased six-fold during 12 d in July from 66 +/- 12 per 10 plants to a seasonal peak of 401 +/- 79 per 10 plants. Aphid density remained high for another 10 d and declined during late July and early August. In 2004, aphid density increased 29-fold during 13 d in July from 14 +/- 2 per 10 plants to a seasonal peak of 375 +/- 30 per 10 plants. Unlike 2003, aphid density remained relatively high during late July and August, peaking again at 296 +/- 31 per 10 plants on 24 August. In both years, aphid density remained below economic injury level and seemed to be limited by natural enemies. Exclosure of natural enemies led to increases in A. glycines density in 2003 and 2004. In 2003, peak aphid densities in large- and medium-mesh cages were three- and seven-fold higher, respectively, than densities on uncaged plants. In 2004, peak aphid densities in large- and medium-mesh cages were 2-fold and 30-fold higher, respectively, than densities on uncaged plants in one experiment. In another experiment, peak aphid densities in large-, medium-, and small-mesh cages were 8-fold, 28-fold, and 68-fold higher, respectively, than densities on uncaged plants. Both predators and parasitoids were important in limiting aphid density. We compare our results with those from North America and discuss implications for biological control. C1 USDA ARS, Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Agr Univ Hebei, Coll Plant Protect, Baoding 071001, Peoples R China. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Unit, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM Keith.Hopper@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[840:PDOAGH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900021 PM 17716474 ER PT J AU Balciunas, JK Villegas, B AF Balciunas, Joe K. Villegas, Baldo TI Laboratory and realized host ranges of Chaetorellia succinea (Diptera : Tephritidae), an unintentionally introduced natural enemy of yellow starthistle SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; nontarget impact; Centaurca solstitialis; Cirsium species; stepping-stone host ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; CHLOROPLAST DNA ANALYSIS; COMBINED NUCLEAR; ASTERACEAE; DELIMITATION; WEEDS; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA; SEQUENCE; CARDUEAE AB In 1999, we reported our discovery, in California and Oregon, of Chaetorellia succinea (Costa) (Diptera: Tephritidae) destroying the seeds of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L., one of the worst weeds in the western United States. This fly, an unintentional introduction from Greece, dispersed rapidly throughout California and the northwest, and there is interest in using this adventive fly as a classical biological control agent for this weed. Because the host range of Ch. succinea has not been studied, this fly might pose a risk to other members of the thistle tribe Cardueae, especially the many thistle species native to California and other parts of the western United States. We determined the physiological host range of this fly in the laboratory by exposing it under no-choice conditions to 14 potential Cardueae hosts. Two introduced weed species and the native American basketflower (Centaurea americana Nuttall) were laboratory hosts. Under less restrictive choice test conditions, yellow starthistle was highly preferred, but there was a small amount of oviposition, and a few adult Ch. succinea emerged from all three of these plant species. Because Ch. succinea is now widespread throughout California, we collected flower heads from 24 potential host plant species at III sites to determine the realized host range in the field. These collections did not include American basketflower, which does not occur naturally in California. Ch. succinea emerged only from the other two known hosts: Ce. melitensis and Ce. sulfurea. Our results suggest that American basketflower growing in the southwestern United States may be at risk if Ch. succinea expands its range into that region. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Balciunas, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joe@pw.usda.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 849 EP 857 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[849:LARHRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900022 PM 17716475 ER PT J AU Fritschi, FB Rosa, JCCL Lin, H Johnson, MW Groves, RL AF Fritschi, Felix B. Rosa, Juan C. Cabrera-La Lin, Hong Johnson, Marshall W. Groves, Russell L. TI Behavioral responses of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera : Auchenorrhyncha : Cicadellidae) on four Vitis genotypes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; xylem sap; preference; Pierce's disease; grape ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; FEEDING SITE PREFERENCE; XYLEM FLUID CHEMISTRY; PIERCES-DISEASE; COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LEAFHOPPER VECTORS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; AMINO-ACIDS; FASTIDIOSA AB Pierce's disease is a major threat to the California grape industry. The disease-causing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is vectored by a number of leafhoppers including Hamalodi ca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Experiments were conducted to study H. vitripennis preference, feeding, and survivorship in response to four Vitis genotypes. Plants of V. vinifera ('Chardonnay'), V. girdiana, V. candicans, and a V rupestris X V. atizonica/candicans hybrid (D8909-17) were grown in pots in the greenhouse and transferred to laboratory conditions for experiments with field-collected H. vitripennis. A choice test without prior insect acclimation on grapes revealed that H. vitripennis selected Chardonnay over V. candicans throughout the duration of the experiment, whereas a shift in preference between D8909-17 and V. girdiana was observed over time. In a second set of choice tests, which were preceded by an acclimation on one of the four grape genotypes, significant genotype, time, and acclimation X genotype effects were observed. Chardonnay was preferred over V. candicans independent of acclimation genotype. Although H. vitripennis confined on D8909-17 excreted 1.8-fold (dry-weight corrected) the amount of insects feeding on V. candicans, differences in the rate of excreta production per insect or insect dry weight were not significant among grape genotypes. Adult mortality was greatest on V candicans when H. vitripennis were confined in parafilm sachets for excreta collection as well as in a no-choice test. Grape genotype affected the behavior of adult H. vitripennis under controlled conditions, which may influence Pierce's disease epidemiology under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 926 EP 937 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[926:BROHVH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900032 PM 17716485 ER PT J AU Reay-Jones, FPF Wilson, LT Showler, AT Reagan, TE Way, MO AF Reay-Jones, F. P. F. Wilson, L. T. Showler, A. T. Reagan, T. E. Way, M. O. TI Role of Oviposition preference in an invasive crambid impacting two Graminaceous host crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican rice borer; Eoreuma loftini; sugarcane; rice; oviposition ID RICE BORER LEPIDOPTERA; EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL FEEDING PREFERENCES; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; INVERTEBRATE HERBIVORES; SELECTIVE PREDATION; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; TEXAS SUGARCANE; SALT STRESS; AMINO-ACIDS AB Oviposition preference studies of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), on sugarcane, Saccharum spp., and rice, Oryza sativa L., showed that drought stressed sugarcane was 1.8-fold more attractive based on egg masses/plant than well watered sugarcane. The E. loftini susceptible sugarcane cultivar LCP 85-384 was 1.6-fold more attractive than HoCP 85-845 based on numbers of eggs per egg mass. Egg masses were 9.2-fold more abundant and 2.3-fold larger on sugarcane than on rice. Rice, however, was preferred to sugarcane on a plant biomass basis. Oviposition on sugarcane occurred exclusively on dry leaf material, which increased under drought stress. Egg masses per plant increased on drought stressed sugarcane and were correlated with several foliar free amino acids essential for insect growth and development. The more resistant (based on injury) but more attractive (based on oviposition) rice cultivar XL8 had higher levels of several free amino acids than the susceptible cultivar Cocodrie. The association of host plant characteristics to oviposition preference is discussed. Projected oviposition patterns relative to sugarcane and rice production areas were estimated for Texas and Louisiana based on the availability of each host in different regions of each state. These results suggest that, where sugarcane and rice co-occur, the majority of eggs would be found on sugarcane early in the season, because of this crop's substantially greater biomass compared with rice. Abundance later in the season would also favor sugarcane; however, the abundance on rice would be greater than expected solely based on host availability, largely because of the greater preference per gram of rice plant dry weight. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Reay-Jones, FPF (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. EM freayjo@clemson.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 71 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 938 EP 951 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[938:ROOPIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197DT UT WOS:000248534900033 PM 17716486 ER PT J AU Wohl, E Cooper, D Poff, L Rahel, F Staley, D Winters, D AF Wohl, Ellen Cooper, David Poff, LeRoy Rahel, Frank Staley, Dennis Winters, David TI Assessment of stream ecosystem function and sensitivity in the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hierarchical analysis; stream ecosystems; sensitivity to disturbance; channel classification; Bighorn National Forest ID RIVER ENVIRONMENT CLASSIFICATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; HABITAT TEMPLET; SPECIES TRAITS; WATER-QUALITY; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE; ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS; BROOK TROUT AB This paper presents a hierarchical analysis of stream ecosystem distribution and sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic disturbances for the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. We designated stream gradient, flow regime, and lithology as environmental parameters that would result in the most robust, readily applied, and parsimonious description of physical and chemical characteristics of individual stream segments. We used these parameters to map the spatial distribution and relative abundance of stream habitats in the study area. We then used the proportion of each sixth-level hydrologic unit boundary comprised by each category of stream gradient, flow regime, and lithology as input to an agglomerative cluster analysis, which identified six clusters for the 74 watersheds intersecting or within the national forest boundary. Five of the six clusters have predominantly high gradient streams and runoff dominated by snowmelt or mixed snowmelt and rainfall. Most watersheds on the Bighorn National Forest are sensitive to alterations in water supply because of the relatively small size of streams. Although watersheds are generally less sensitive to changed sediment supply, low-gradient stream segments create sensitive sites within individual watersheds. Field verification studies indicate that this approach reasonably characterizes physical channel properties and biological associations for the study area. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Reg, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wohl, E (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu NR 85 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 284 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0168-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192VH UT WOS:000248231000010 PM 17557174 ER PT J AU Korfmacher, JL Musselman, RC AF Korfmacher, John L. Musselman, Robert C. TI Evaluation of storage and filtration protocols for alpine/subalpine lake water quality samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE alpine; lakes; protocol; sampling; subalpine; water quality; wilderness ID FIELD; CHEMISTRY AB Many government agencies and other organizations sample natural alpine and subalpine surface waters using varying protocols for sample storage and filtration. Simplification of protocols would be beneficial if it could be shown that sample quality is unaffected. In this study, samples collected from low ionic strength waters in alpine and subalpine lake inlets and outlets in the western United States were used to evaluate (1) effects of refrigerated storage time on the chemistry of unfiltered samples, and (2) differences in sample filtration protocols. No analytes exhibited significant changes when stored less than 48 h. Six analytes (pH, sodium, ammonium, potassium, chloride, sulfate) exhibited statistically significant (but small) changes when storage time exceeded 48 h. Two analytes (calcium, nitrate) were significantly higher when samples were field filtered than when filtered in the laboratory, but the differences were also small. For waters similar to those in this test, unfiltered refrigerated samples may be stored up to 48 h without compromising sample quality. The small differences between field and lab filtration do not justify the expense, training, and contamination risk of field filtration. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Korfmacher, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jkorfmacher@fs.fed.us; rmusselman@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9460-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181WV UT WOS:000247467900009 PM 17106772 ER PT J AU Greenfield, BK Siemering, GS Andrews, JC Rajan, M Andrews, SP Spencer, DF AF Greenfield, Ben K. Siemering, Geoffrey S. Andrews, Joy C. Rajan, Michael Andrews, Stephen P. Jr . Spencer, David F. TI Mechanical shredding of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Effects on water quality in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; MERCURY METHYLATION; LARGE FLOODPLAIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRANCISCO BAY; NUTRIENT; DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; LAKE; ZOOPLANKTON AB Management actions to control invasive aquatic species can have significant ecosystem-scale effects. We evaluated the water chemistry and nutrient effects of mechanical shredding to control water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an agricultural slough and a. tidal wetland on the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California. Shredding was conducted with two types of shredder boats in fall of 2003 and another boat in spring of 2004. Shredding measurably affected water quality, but specific effects varied as a function of shredding site and season. Significant increases were observed for total]qeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus for all experiments. Dissolved oxygen effects varied by site, decreasing after shredding at the agricultural slough but increasing at the tidal wetland. The increase in dissolved oxygen likely resulted from tidal incursions from the adjacent river. A year-long time series of dissolved oxygen data indicated a negative relationship between hyacinth abundance and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Hyacinth contained similar tissue concentrations of mercury to underlying sediments, suggesting that plant harvesting could aid mercury remediation efforts. Simple mass calculations indicated that Delta-wide shredding operations could cause between 0.1% and 9.6% increases in the overall abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the Delta water column. Results suggest that local effects of management actions to control invasive aquatic plants will vary widely as a function of site-specific hydrology, but that estuary-wide effects would be limited. C1 San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Teaching Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, Agr Res Serv,, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Greenfield, BK (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 7770 Pardee Lane, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. EM ben@sfei.org RI Greenfield, Ben/A-2029-2015 OI Greenfield, Ben/0000-0003-1038-7635 NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 627 EP 640 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 216OI UT WOS:000249887200007 ER PT J AU Oide, S Krasnoff, SB Gibson, DM Turgeon, BG AF Oide, Shinichi Krasnoff, Stuart B. Gibson, Donna M. Turgeon, B. Gillian TI Intracellular siderophores are essential for ascomycete sexual development in heterothallic Cochliobolus heterostrophus and homothallic Gibberella zeae SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; PEPTIDE SYNTHETASE; SECONDARY METABOLISM; FUNGAL SIDEROPHORES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; IRON-METABOLISM; VIRULENCE; GENES; LOCUS AB Connections between fungal development and secondary metabolism have been reported previously, but as yet, no comprehensive analysis of a family of secondary metabolites and their possible role in fungal development has been reported. In the present study, mutant strains of the heterothallic ascomycete Cochliobolus heterostrophus, each lacking one of 12 genes (NPS1 to NPS12) encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), were examined for a role in sexual development. One type of strain (Delta nps2) was defective in ascus/ascospore development in homozygous Delta nps2 crosses. Homozygous crosses of the remaining 11 Delta nps strains showed wild-type (WT) fertility. Phylogenetic, expression, and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the NRPS encoded by NPS2 is responsible for the biosynthesis of ferricrocin, the intracellular siderophore of C. heterostrophus. Functional conservation of NPS2 in both heterothallic C. heterostrophus and the unrelated homothallic ascomycete Gibberella zeae was demonstrated. G. zeae Delta nps2 strains are concomitantly defective in intracellular siderophore (ferricrocin) biosynthesis and sexual development. Exogenous application of iron partially restored fertility to C. heterostrophus and G. zeae Delta nps2 strains, demonstrating that abnormal sexual development of Delta nps2 strains is at least partly due to their iron deficiency. Exogenous application of the natural siderophore ferricrocin to C. heterostrophus and G. zeae Delta nps2 strains restored WT fertility. NPS1, a G. zeae NPS gene that groups phylogenctically with NPS2, does not play a role in sexual development. Overall, these data demonstrate that iron and intracellular siderophores are essential for successful sexual development of the heterothallic ascomycete C. heterostrophus and the homothallic ascomycete G. zeae. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Turgeon, BG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, 334 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bgtl@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1339 EP 1353 DI 10.1128/EC.00111-07 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 200YN UT WOS:000248798800010 PM 17601875 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Tay, ST Lasker, BA Hurst, SF Rooney, AP AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Tay, Sun T. Lasker, Brent A. Hurst, Steve F. Rooney, Alejandro P. TI Characterization of a novel gene for strain typing reveals substructuring of Aspergillus fumigatus across north America SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-2 MSP-2; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Fifty-five epidemiologically linked Aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from six nosocomial outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis were subtyped by sequencing the polymorphic region of the gene encoding a putative cell surface protein, Afu3g08990 (denoted as CSP). Comparative sequence analysis showed that genetic diversity was generated in the coding region of this gene by both tandem repeats and point mutations. Each unique sequence in an outbreak cluster was assigned an arbitrary number or CSP sequence type. The CSP typing method was able to identify "clonal" and genotypically distinct A. fumigatus isolates, and the results of this method were concordant with those of another discriminatory genotyping technique, the Afut1 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. The novel single-locus sequence typing (CSP typing) strategy appears to be a simple, rapid, discriminatory tool that can be readily shared across laboratories. In addition, we found that A. fumigatus isolates substructured into multiple clades; interestingly, one clade consisted of isolates predominantly representing invasive clinical isolates recovered from cardiac transplant patients from two different outbreak situations. We also found that the A. fumigatus isolate Af293, whose genome has been sequenced, possesses a CSP gene structure that is substantially different from those of the other A. fumigatus strains studied here, highlighting the need for further taxonomic study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1392 EP 1399 DI 10.1128/EC.00164-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 200YN UT WOS:000248798800015 PM 17557880 ER PT J AU Hubert, J Stejskal, V Munzbergova, Z Hajslova, J Arthur, FH AF Hubert, Jan Stejskal, Vaclav Munzbergova, Zuzana Hajslova, Jana Arthur, Frank H. TI Toxicity and efficacy of selected pesticides and new acaricides to stored product mites (Acari : Acaridida) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergens; pesticides; food; grain; storage; mites ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GRAIN RESIDUES; STORAGE MITES; WHEAT; INSECTS; DUST; SIRO AB Stored product mites can often infest stored products, but currently there is little information regarding the efficacy of pesticides that can be used for control. In this study we evaluated several common pesticides formulated from single active ingredients (a.i.) or commercially available mixtures (chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and a combination of deltamethrin and S-bioallethrin), plus an acaricide composed of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate, for efficacy against Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Aleuroglyphus ovatus. The pesticides were incorporated into the mite diets in a dose range of 10-1000 mu g a.i. g(-1) diet. Concentrations for suppression of 50 and 90% population growth and eradication (rC(0)) of mites were fit to linear regression models. None of the tested pesticides gave complete eradication of A. siro, which was the most tolerant of the three mite species tested. The most effective pesticide Allergoff 175 CS was a combination product (a nano-capsule suspension of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate) labeled for dust mites, with rC(0) range of 463-2453 mu g a.i. (permethrin) g(-1) diet depending on the species. Least effective were chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. C1 Res Inst Crop Prod, Prague 16106 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic. DDD Servis, Prague 14200 4, Pisnice, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Bot, CS-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Prague 12801 2, Czech Republic. Inst Chem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hubert, J (reprint author), Res Inst Crop Prod, Drnovska 507, Prague 16106 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic. EM hubert@vurv.cz RI Hubert, Jan/K-5489-2012; Munzbergova, Zuzana/F-6321-2013 OI Hubert, Jan/0000-0003-0740-166X; Munzbergova, Zuzana/0000-0002-4026-6220 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10493-007-9093-y PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 208EI UT WOS:000249302200005 PM 17674127 ER PT J AU Hueza, IM Guerra, JL Haraguchi, M Gardner, DR Asano, N Ikeda, K Gorniak, SL AF Hueza, Isis M. Guerra, Jose L. Haraguchi, Mitsue Gardner, Dale R. Asano, Naoki Ikeda, Kyoko Gorniak, Silvana L. TI Assessment of the perinatal effects of maternal ingestion of Ipomoea carnea in rats SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea carnea; swainsonine; cross-fostering; vacuolar degeneration; amniotic fluid; milk excretion ID GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; SWAINSONINE; LOCOWEED; MILK; CASTANOSPERMINE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CONVOLVULACEAE; PREGNANCY AB It is believed that Ipomoea carnea toxicosis induces abnormal embryogenesis in livestock. Studies on rats treated with I. carnea aqueous fraction (AF) during gestation, revealed litters with decreased body weight, but the characteristic vacuolar lesions promoted by swainsonine, its main toxic principle, were observed only in young rats on postnatal day (PND) 7. However, these alterations could have resulted as consequence of swainsonine placental passage and/or damage or even ingestion of the contaminated milk by pups. Thus, this perinatal work was performed to verify the transplacental passage of swainsonine and its excretion into milk employing the cross-fostering (CF) procedure as a tool of study. Females were treated with AF or vehicle during gestation and after birth pups were fostered between treated and untreated dams. Pup body weight gain (BWG) and histopathology to observe vacuolar degeneration were performed on PND 3 and 7. In addition, swainsonine detection was performed in amniotic fluid and milk from rats treated with the AF during gestation or lactation. BWG was significantly lower only in pups from mothers treated with the plant and fostered to other treated mothers (AF-AF group of pups). The histopathology revealed that pups from treated mothers fostered to untreated ones showed the characteristic vacuolar lesions; however, the lesions from the AF-AF pups were more severe in both periods evaluated. Ammotic fluid and milk analysis revealed the presence of swainsonine excretion into these fluid compartments. Thus, the results from CF and the chemical analysis allowed concluding that swainsonine passes the placental barrier and affects fetal development and milk excretion participates in I. carnea perinatal toxicosis. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sch Vet Med, Res Ctr Vet Toxicol CEPTOX, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Biol Inst, BR-04014002 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plants Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Hokuriku Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kanazawa 9201181, Japan. RP Gorniak, SL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Sch Vet Med, Res Ctr Vet Toxicol CEPTOX, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM gorniak@usp.br RI Gorniak, Silvana/C-7879-2013; Hueza, Isis/K-4616-2012; Souza Ferreira, Maria/J-5108-2015 OI Hueza, Isis/0000-0002-1412-2856; NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 58 IS 6 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2007.01.001 PG 8 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 199TT UT WOS:000248718800010 PM 17418550 ER PT J AU Huang, LP Kirschke, CP AF Huang, Liping Kirschke, Catherine P. TI A di-leucine sorting signal endocytosis of the protein SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE di-leucine; endocytosis; Golgi apparatus; SLC39; zinc transporters ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; GOLGI-APPARATUS; DOWN-REGULATION; MENKES PROTEIN; ATPASE ATP7A AB It has been demonstrated that the plasma membrane expression of ZIP1 is regulated by endocytic mechanisms. In the zinc-replete condition, the level of surface expressed ZIP1 is low due to the rapid internalization of ZIP1. The present study aimed to identify a sorting signal(s) in ZIP1 that mediated endocytosis of ZIP1. Four potential sorting signals (three di-leucine-and one tyrosine-based) were found by searching the eukaryotic linear motif resource for functional sites in proteins (http://elm.eu.org). Site-directed mutagenesis and immunofluorescence microscopic analyses demonstrated that the di-leucine sorting signal, ETRALL144-149, located in the variable loop region of ZIP1, was required for the ZIP1 internalization and lysosomal degradation. Substitutions of alanines for the di-leucine residues (LL148,149/AA) severely impaired the internalization of ZIP1 and subsequent protein degradation, leading to an accumulation of the mutant ZIP1 on the cell surface, as well as inside the cell. Using chimeric proteins composed of an alpha-chain of interleukin-2 receptor fused to the peptides derived from the variable loop region of ZIP1, we found that the di-leucine sorting signal of ZIP1 was required and sufficient for endocytosis of the chimeric proteins. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 274 IS 15 BP 3986 EP 3997 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05933.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 199UG UT WOS:000248720100019 PM 17635580 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE AF Dowd, Scot E. TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 gene expression in the presence of catecholamine norepinephrine SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pathogenesis; neuroendocrine; virulence; norepinephrine; Escherichia coli ID NEUROENDOCRINE HORMONE NOREPINEPHRINE; ENTEROCYTE EFFACEMENT LEE; PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MICROBIAL ENDOCRINOLOGY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; MESENTERIC ORGANS; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; VIRULENCE GENES; IRON AB Various forms of host stresses (e.g. physiological, psychological) are thought to influence susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms. Catecholamines such as norepinephrine are released into the GI environment during acute stress and may influence the infective process of bacterial pathogens associated with the GI tract. To examine the effects of norepinephrine on expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli O157:H7, the clinical-type isolate EDL933 (ATCC 43895) was grown in serum-Standard American Petroleum Institute media in the presence or absence of norepinephrine. After 5 h of exposure to norepinephrine, treatment and control cultures (not exposed to norepinephrine) were harvested, their RNA isolated, and gene expression evaluated. There was a dramatic increase in the expression of virulence factor transcripts including stx1, stx2, and eae. Also induced were transcripts involved in iron metabolism. Conversely, there was comparative repression of iron acquisition and phage shock protein-related transcripts in the presence of norepinephrine. Novel observations from these data suggested that exposure to norepinephrine induced glutamate decarboxylase acid resistance as well as an SOS response in E. coli 0 157:H7. The results corroborate many of the previous findings detailed in the literature and provide new observations that could expand the scope of microbial endocrinology. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 E,FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 273 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00800.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200ZF UT WOS:000248800600012 PM 17573936 ER PT J AU Silverstein, PS Li, R Murdock, C Waldbieser, GC AF Silverstein, Peter S. Li, R. Murdock, C. Waldbieser, G. C. TI Poly I : C inhibits the expression of channel catfish virus immediate-early gene ORF 1 at early times after infection SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish virus (CCV); interferon; immediate-early; herpesvirus; channel catfish ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; TREATED HUMAN-CELLS; INTERFERON-PRODUCTION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; EARLY TRANSCRIPTION; ANTIVIRAL STATE; MX RESPONSES; TYPE-1; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Channel catfish virus (CCV) is a herpesvirus that infects channel catfish fry and fingerlings. Previous research has demonstrated that Type I interferons inhibit the expression of immediate-early (IE) genes of some mammalian herpesviruses. However, CCV is distantly related to the mammalian herpesviruses and Type I interferons from higher vertebrates exhibit only 20% similarity to fish interferons. In this work we demonstrate that treatment of channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, a fibroblast-like cell line, with poly I:C, a known inducer of Type I interferons, results in inhibition of expression of the CCV IE gene ORF 1. Thus, although the genes involved have diverged, the mechanism appears to be conserved. If this paradigm holds true for other CCV IE-Type 1 interferon interactions, it could have important implications for the impact of CCV on the host immune system. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Silverstein, PS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM psilverstein@kumc.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.12.003 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 179SB UT WOS:000247309300022 PM 17303437 ER PT J AU Stage, AR Salas, C AF Stage, Albert R. Salas, Christian TI Interactions of elevation, aspect, and slope in models of forest species composition and productivity SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Douglas-fir ID ASPECT TRANSFORMATION; HABITAT TYPE; GROWTH AB We present a linear model for the interacting effects of elevation, aspect, and slope for use in predicting forest productivity or species composition. The model formulation we propose integrates interactions of these three factors in a mathematical expression representing their combined effect in terms of a cosine function of aspect with a phase shift and amplitude that change with slope and elevation. This model allows the data to determine how the aspect effect changes with elevation and slope. Earlier articles concerning the interactions of slope, aspect, and elevation have been incomplete by either treating elevation as fixed or ignoring the possibility that aspect effect must also involve slope. The proposed set of variables is illustrated in four applications: (1) a hypothetical data set for probability of stocking by "species" having different adaptations to elevation, (2) in a discriminant function for forest/nonforest classification of data from Utah, (3) estimating mean annual increment of Utah forests, and (4) estimating the height asymptote in a mixed-model differential equation predicting Douglas-fir height growth. C1 [Stage, Albert R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Salas, Christian] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Salas, Christian] Univ La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. RP Stage, AR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM astage@moscow.com; christian.salas@yale.edu RI Salas, Christian/B-3013-2010; Salas, Christian/I-3588-2013 OI Salas, Christian/0000-0002-8468-0829 NR 10 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 486 EP 492 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 198QL UT WOS:000248642500004 ER PT J AU Page, WG Jenkins, MJ AF Page, Wesley Green Jenkins, Michael James TI Mountain pine beetle-induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mountain pine beetle; lodgepole pine; disturbance ecology; fuels management ID CROWN FIRE; OUTBREAKS; FORESTS AB The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is a forest insect that infests lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in the Intermountain West. The often widespread mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle has been suggested to result in significant changes to stand structure, composition, and total fuel loading; however, little quantitative information that documents these changes is available. We examined mountain pine beetle-induced changes to ground, surface, and aerial fuels in lodgepole pine stands during current epidemics and 20 years after an epidemic. Results indicated that there were statistically significant increases in the amounts of fine surface fuels in recently infested stands, i.e., those stands :55 years past peak mortality. In the previously infested stands, there were large increases in the amounts of dead woody fuels in all but the smallest size classes, with a 7.8-fold increase in down woody fuels !7.62 cm in diameter. Live shrubs and the amount of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa Nutt.) regeneration were also significantly greater in the postepidernic stands. The net result of epidemic mountain pine beetle activity was a substantial change in species composition and a highly altered fuels complex in which large dead woody fuels and live surface fuels dominate. C1 US Forest Serv, Mendocino Natl Forest, Willows, CA 95988 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Page, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mendocino Natl Forest, 825 N Humboldt Ave, Willows, CA 95988 USA. EM wesleypage@fs.fed.us; mjenkins@cc.usu.edu NR 60 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 507 EP 518 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 198QL UT WOS:000248642500006 ER PT J AU De Vos, L Myburg, AA Wingfield, MJ Desjardins, AE Gordon, TR Wingfield, BD AF De Vos, L. Myburg, A. A. Wingfield, M. J. Desjardins, A. E. Gordon, T. R. Wingfield, B. D. TI Complete genetic linkage maps from an interspecific cross between Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pitch canker fungus; genetic linkage map; Fusarium circinatum; Fusarium subglutinans; transmission ratio distortion ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; F-SP PINI; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; MATING POPULATION; PRAIRIE GRASSES; NUCLEAR GENES; SEGREGATION; GRAMINEARUM; AFLP AB The Gibberella fujikuroi complex includes many plant pathogens of agricultural crops and trees, all of which have anamorphs assigned to the genus Fusarium. In this study, an interspecific hybrid cross between Gibberella circinata and Gibberella subglutinans was used to compile a genetic linkage map. A framework map was constructed using a total of 578 AFLP markers together with the mating type (MAT-1 and MAT-2) genes and the historic (H3) gene. Twelve major linkage groups were identified (n = 12). Fifty percent of the markers showed significant deviation from the expected 1: 1 transmission ratio in a haploid F-1 cross (P < 0.05). The transmission of the markers on the linkage map was biased towards alleles of the G. subglutinans parent, with an estimated 60% of the genome of F-1 individuals contributed by this parent. This map will serve as a powerful tool to study the genetic architecture of interspecific differentiation and pathogenicity in the two parental genomes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Genet, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP De Vos, L (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Genet, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM brenda.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za RI Wingfield, Brenda/B-1376-2008; Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008; Myburg, Alexander/C-5426-2008 OI Wingfield, Brenda/0000-0002-6189-1519; Myburg, Alexander/0000-0003-0644-5003 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 8 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.02.007 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 179ED UT WOS:000247271500001 PM 17418597 ER PT J AU Covert, SF Aoki, T O'Donnell, K Starkey, D Holliday, A Geiser, DM Cheung, F Town, C Strom, A Juba, J Scandiani, M Yang, XB AF Covert, S. F. Aoki, T. O'Donnell, K. Starkey, D. Holliday, A. Geiser, D. M. Cheung, F. Town, C. Strom, A. Juba, J. Scandiani, M. Yang, X. B. TI Sexual reproduction in the soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium tucumaniae SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium solani f. sp glycines ID MATING-TYPE DISTRIBUTION; SOLANI SPECIES COMPLEX; NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; FIELD-RESISTANCE; FEMALE FERTILITY; IDENTIFICATION; LOCI; POPULATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB We investigated the sexual reproductive mode of the two most important etiological agents of soybean sudden death syndrome, Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium virgiliforme. F. tucumaniae sexual crosses often were highly fertile, making it possible to assign mating type and assess female fertility in 24 South American isolates. These crosses produced red perithecia and oblong-elliptical ascospores, as is typical for sexual members of the F solani species complex. Genotyping of progeny from three F tucumaniae crosses confirmed that sexual recombination had occurred. In contrast, pairings among 17 U.S. F virguliforme isolates never produced perithecia. Inter-species crosses between F tucumaniae and F virguliforme, in which infertile perithecia were induced only in one of the two F tucumaniae mating types, suggest that all U.S. F virguliforme isolates are of a single mating type. We conclude that the F tucumaniae life cycle in S. America includes a sexual reproductive mode, and thus this species has greater potential for rapid evolution than the E virguliforme population in the U.S., which may be exclusively asexual. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genebank, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 121, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Lab Agr Rio Parana, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Covert, SF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM covert@uga.edu RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 NR 36 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 8 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.12.009 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 179ED UT WOS:000247271500009 PM 17300967 ER PT J AU Audsley, N Matthews, J Nachman, R Weaver, RJ AF Audsley, Neil Matthews, June Nachman, Ronald Weaver, Robert J. TI Metabolism of cydiastatin 4 and analogues by enzymes associated with the midgut and haemolymph of Manduca sexta larvae SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Biennial Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2006 CL Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, ENGLAND SP European Soc Comparat Endocrinol, City Manchester, Univ Manchester, Astra Zeneca HO Univ Sheffield DE neuropeptide; MALDI-TOF; mass spectrometry; insect; cyclopropylalanine; allatostatin ID PEPTIDASE-RESISTANT ANALOGS; MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR; LACANOBIA-OLERACEA LARVAE; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; IN-VITRO; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; TOBACCO HORNWORM; FRONTAL GANGLION; PEST-CONTROL; TOMATO MOTH AB The degradation of synthetic cydiastatin 4 (ARPYSFGL-amide) and cydiastatin 4 analogues cydiastatin 4 alpha (PPPPPARPYSFGL-amide) and cydiastatin 4 beta (PPPPPARPYSF[Acpc]L-amide) by enzymes associated with the midgut and/or haemolymph of the tobacco hawkmoth moth, Manduca sexta was investigated using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Cydiastatin 4 had an estimated half-life of c. 16.5 min when incubated with midgut tissue in vitro and c. 2.5 min with midgut lumen contents. Two degradation products were identified; cydiastatin(1-6), due to cleavage of the C-terminal di-peptide GL-amide, and cydiastatin(2-8), due to cleavage of the N-terminal A residue. Both cydiastatin 4 alpha and cydiastatin 4 beta had increased stability to gut and haemolymph enzymes, and full biological activity, but reduced potency compared to cydiastatin 4 when assayed on foregut peristalsis. The P-extended N-terminus of both analogues prevented hydrolysis by aminopeptidases and the replacement of the susceptible G residue with cyclopropylalanine ([Acpc]) counteracted carboxypeptidase activity. However, both analogues were susceptible to amidase-like activity giving an increase in one mass unit presumably due to the conversion of the C-terminal amide group to the free carboxylic acid. No metabolism of cydiastatin 40 occurred when incubated with larval M. sexta haemolymph over a 90 min period. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Audsley, N (reprint author), Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. EM n.audsley@csl.gov.uk NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 153 IS 1-3 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.02.014 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 198MQ UT WOS:000248632600014 PM 17408666 ER PT J AU Foroni, I Woeste, K Monti, LM Rao, R AF Foroni, I. Woeste, K. Monti, L. M. Rao, R. TI Identification of 'Sorrento' walnut using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Campania; genetic diversity; genetic structure; Juglans regia; landrace; microsatellites ID JUGLANS-REGIA L.; OLEA-EUROPAEA L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PERSIAN WALNUT; CULTIVARS; LANDRACE; RAPD AB Among the Italian walnut (Juglans regia L.) landraces, 'Sorrento' is the most famous. It originated in the Sorrento peninsula, but today it is grown in the entire Campania region. 'Sorrento' is a mixture of genetic entities and is often heterogeneous for important commercial traits such as fruit size and yield. Consequently, the morphological description of 'Sorrento' is extremely difficult. To evaluate the genetic diversity in 'Sorrento' walnut, we analyzed 16 'Sorrento' plants grown in Caserta (10 originated from seeds and six from grafts), and 26 grafted 'Sorrento' clones grown in the Sorrento peninsula. We compared their genotypes along with six other walnut cultivars using 12 microsatellite (SSR) markers. A total of 66 putative alleles were detected, 16 of which were unique to one individual. Two loci, WGA9 and WGA71, were particularly useful for distinguishing Caserta samples from Sorrento peninsula clones. The phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analysis highlighted the genetic distance between the Sorrento peninsula and Caserta groups, assigning the samples to two different clusters (or populations) corresponding closely, but not perfectly, to each sample's geographic origin. The name 'Sorrento' walnut should not be assigned to samples falling outside the two genotypic clusters, even if they have phenotypes traditionally associated with the 'Sorrento' walnut. C1 Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Ambiente, I-80045 Portici, Italy. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rao, R (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Ambiente, Via Univ 100, I-80045 Portici, Italy. EM rao@unina.it OI Foroni, Iris/0000-0003-2587-5017 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1094 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-9187-0 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 188PB UT WOS:000247930700016 ER PT J AU Stupar, RM Bhaskar, PB Yandell, BS Rensink, WA Hart, AL Ouyang, S Veilleux, RE Busse, JS Erhardt, RJ Buell, CR Jiang, JM AF Stupar, Robert M. Bhaskar, Pudota B. Yandell, Brian S. Rensink, Willem A. Hart, Amy L. Ouyang, Shu Veilleux, Richard E. Busse, James S. Erhardt, Robert J. Buell, C. Robin Jiang, Jiming TI Phenotypic and transcriptomic changes associated with potato autopolyploidization SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS ALLOTETRAPLOIDS; DUPLICATED GENES; GENOME EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; POLYPLOIDS; BRASSICA; PLANTS; WHEAT; ORIGIN AB Polyploidy is remarkably common in the plant kingdom and polyploidization is a major driving force for plant genome evolution. Polyploids may contain genomes from different parental species (allopolyploidy) or include multiple sets of the same genome (autopolyploidy). Genetic and epigenetic changes associated with allopolyploidization have been a major research subject in recent years. However, we know little about the genetic impact imposed by autopolyploidization. We developed a synthetic autopolyploid series in potato (Solanum phureja) that includes one monoploid (I x) clone, two diploid (2x) clones, and one tetraploid (4x) clone. Cell size and organ thickness were positively correlated with the ploidy level. However, the 2x plants were generally the most vigorous and the I x plants exhibited less vigor compared to the 2x and 4x individuals. We analyzed the transcriptomic variation associated with this autopolyploid series using a potato cDNA microarray containing similar to 9000 genes. Statistically significant expression changes were observed among the ploidies for similar to 10% of the genes in both leaflet and root tip tissues. However, most changes were associated with the monoploid and were within the twofold level. Thus, alteration of ploidy caused subtle expression changes of a substantial percentage of genes in the potato genome. We demonstrated that there are few genes, if any, whose expression is linearly correlated with the ploidy and can be dramatically changed because of ploidy alteration. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crop Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wisc.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; pudota, bhaskar/C-5896-2011; OI Stupar, Robert/0000-0002-8836-2924 NR 66 TC 95 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 28 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 176 IS 4 BP 2055 EP 2067 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.074286 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 211NH UT WOS:000249530000011 PM 17565939 ER PT J AU Strudley, MW Murray, AB AF Strudley, Mark W. Murray, A. Brad TI Sensitivity analysis of pediment development through numerical simulation and selected geospatial query SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pediments; tors; weathering; sediment transport; arid landforms; landscape evolution modeling ID DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; SOIL PRODUCTION; MOJAVE DESERT; REGOLITH THICKNESS; EROSION RATES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PIEDMONT; MOUNTAINS; AUSTRALIA AB Dozens of references recognizing pediment landforms in widely varying lithologic, climatic, and tectonic settings suggest a ubiquity in pediment forming processes on mountain piedmonts worldwide. Previous modeling work illustrates the development of a unique range in arid/semiarid piedmont slope (<0.2 or 11.3 degrees) and regolith thickness (2-4 m) that defines pediments, despite varying the initial conditions and domain characteristics (initial regolith thickness, slope, distance from basin to crest, topographic perturbations, and boundary conditions) and process rates (fluvial sediment transport efficiency and weathering rates). This paper expands upon the sensitivity analysis through numerical simulation of pediment development in the presence of spatially varying rock type, various base level histories, various styles of sediment transport, and various rainfall rates to determine how pediment development might be restricted in certain environments. This work suggests that in landscapes characterized by soil and vegetation types that favor incisive fluvial sediment transport styles coupled with incisive base level conditions, pediment development will be disrupted by the roughening of sediment mantled surfaces, thereby creating spatial variability in topography, regolith thickness, and bedrock weathering rates. Base level incision rates that exceed the integrated sediment flux along a hillslope derived from upslope weathering and sediment transport on the order of 10(-3) to y(-1) restrict pediment development by fostering piedmont incision and/or wholesale removal (stripping) of regolith mantles prior to footslope pediment development. Simulations illustrate an insensitivity to alternating layers of sandstone and shale 3-15 m thick oriented in various geometric configurations (vertical, horizontal, and dip-slope) and generating different regolith hydrologic properties and exhibiting weathering rate variations up to 3-fold. Higher fluxes and residence times of subsurface groundwater in more humid environments, as well as dissolution-type weathering, lead to a thickening of regolith mantles on erosional piedmonts on the order of 10, m and an elimination of pediment morphology. An initial test of the model sensitivity analysis in arid/semiarid environments, for which field reconnaissance and detailed geomorphic mapping indicate the presence of pediments controlled by climatic conditions (soil hydrologic properties, vegetation characteristics, and bedrock weathering style) that are known and constant, supports our modeling results that pediments are more prevalent in hydrologically-open basins. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Strudley, Mark W.; Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Strudley, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mark.strudley@ars.usda.gov NR 97 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.008 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 252RL UT WOS:000252464200011 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT AF Venterea, Rodney T. TI Nitrite-driven nitrous oxide production under aerobic soil conditions: kinetics and biochemical controls SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anhydrous ammonia; fertilizer; greenhouse gas; nitric oxide; nitrification; nitrifier denitrification; pH; Q(10); soil carbon; urea ID NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; GAS EMISSIONS; NITRIFICATION; N2O; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; REDUCTION; EVOLUTION AB Nitrite (NO(2)(-)) can accumulate during nitrification in soil following fertilizer application. While the role of NO(2)(-) as a substrate regulating nitrous oxide (N(2)O) production is recognized, kinetic data are not available that allow for estimating N(2)O production or soil-to-atmosphere fluxes as a function of NO(2)(-) levels under aerobic conditions. The current study investigated these kinetics as influenced by soil physical and biochemical factors in soils from cultivated and uncultivated fields in Minnesota, USA. A linear response of N(2)O production rate (P(N2O)) to NO(2)(-) was observed at concentrations below 60 mu gNg(-1) soil in both nonsterile and sterilized soils. Rate coefficients (K(p)) relating PN(2)O to NO(2)(-) varied over two orders of magnitude and were correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and soluble and total carbon (C). Total C explained 84% of the variance in Kp across all samples. Abiotic processes accounted for 31-75% of total N(2)O production. Biological reduction of NO(2)(-) was enhanced as oxygen (O(2)) levels were decreased from above ambient to 5%, consistent with nitrifier denitrification. In contrast, nitrate (NO(3)(-))-reduction, and the reduction of N(2)O itself, were only stimulated at O(2) levels below 5%. Greater temperature sensitivity was observed for biological compared with chemical N2O production. Steady-state model simulations predict that NO(2)(-) levels often found after fertilizer applications have the potential to generate substantial N(2)O fluxes even at ambient O(2). This potential derives in part from the production of N(2)O under conditions not favorable for N(2)O reduction, in contrast to N(2)O generated from NO(3)(-) reduction. These results have implications with regard to improved management to minimize agricultural N(2)O emissions and improved emissions assessments. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 35 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1798 EP 1809 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01389.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203FB UT WOS:000248959400021 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JM Hallegraeff, GM Melia, G Cohen, A Bowers, HA Oldach, DW Parrow, MW Sullivan, MJ Zimba, PV Allen, EH Kinder, CA Mallin, MA AF Burkholder, JoAnn M. Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M. Melia, Gregory Cohen, Andrew Bowers, Holly A. Oldach, David W. Parrow, Matthew W. Sullivan, Michael J. Zimba, Paul V. Allen, Elle H. Kinder, Carol A. Mallin, Michael A. TI Phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages in ballast water of US military ships as a function of port of origin, voyage time, and ocean exchange practices SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE bacteria; ballast water exchange; harmful algae; phytoplankton; ship; transport ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; 18S RDNA SEQUENCES; PCR AMPLIFICATION; MARINE ORGANISMS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB We characterized the physical/chemical conditions and the algal and bacterial assemblages in ballast water from 62 ballast tanks aboard 28 ships operated by the U.S. Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration, sampled at 9 ports on the U.S. West Coast and 4 ports on the U.S. East Coast. The ballast tank waters had been held for 2-176 days, and 90% of the tanks had undergone ballast exchange with open ocean waters. Phytoplankton abundance was highly variable (grand mean for all tanks, 3.21 x 10(4) viable cells m(-3); median, 7.9 x 10(3) cells m(-3)) and was unrelated to physical/chemical parameters, except for a positive relationship between centric diatom abundance and nitrate concentration. A total of 100 phytoplankton species were identified from the ballast tanks, including 23 potentially harmful taxa (e.g. Chaetoceros concavicornis, Dinophysis acuminata, Gambierdiscus toxicus, Heterosigma akashiwo, Karlodinium veneficum, Prorocentrunt minimum, Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries). Assemblages were dominated by chain-forming diatoms and dinoflagellates, and viable organisms comprised about half of the total cells. Species richness was higher in ballast tanks with coastal water, and in tanks containing Atlantic or Pacific Ocean source waters rather than Indian Ocean water. Total and viable phytoplankton numbers decreased with age of water in the tanks. Diversity also generally decreased with water age, and tanks with ballast water age >33 days did not produce culturable phytoplankton. Abundance was significantly higher in tanks with recently added coastal water than in tanks without coastal sources, but highly variable in waters held less than 30 days. Bacterial abundance was significantly lower in ballast tanks with Atlantic than Pacific Ocean source water, but otherwise was surprisingly consistent among ballast tanks (overall mean across all tanks, 3.13 +/- 1.27 x 10(11) cells m(-3); median, 2.79 x 10(11) cells m(-3)) and was unrelated to vessel type, exchange status, age of water, environmental conditions measured, or phytoplankton abundance. At least one of four pathogenic eubacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was detected in 48% of the ballast tanks, but toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae were not detected. For ships with tanks of similar ballasting history, the largest source of variation in phytoplankton and bacteria abundance was among ships; for ships with tanks of differing ballasting histories, and for all ships/tanks considered collectively, the largest source of variation was within ships. Significant differences in phytoplankton abundance, but not bacterial abundance, sometimes occurred between paired tanks with similar ballasting history; hence, for regulatory purposes phytoplankton abundance cannot be estimated from single tanks only. Most tanks (94%) had adequate records to determine the source locations and age of the ballast water and, as mentioned, 90% had had ballast exchange with open-ocean waters. Although additional data are needed from sediments that can accumulate at the bottom of ballast tanks, the data from this water-column study indicate that in general, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) ships are well managed to minimize the risk for introduction of harmful microbiota. Nevertheless, abundances of viable phytoplankton with maximum dimension >50 Rm exceeded proposed International Maritime Organization standards in 47% of the ballast tanks sampled. The data sugget that further treatment technologies and/or alternative management strategies will be necessary to enable DoD vessels to comply with proposed standards. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Burkholder, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM joann_burkholder@ncsu.edu RI Hallegraeff, Gustaaf/C-8351-2013; Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 OI Hallegraeff, Gustaaf/0000-0001-8464-7343; NR 118 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 486 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2006.11.006 PG 33 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 167WO UT WOS:000246483400003 ER PT J AU Chao, CT Krueger, RR AF Chao, ChihCheng T. Krueger, Robert R. TI The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of biology, uses, and cultivation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID AFLP MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS; VARIETIES; MEDJOOL; MOROCCO AB Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest fruit crops grown in the and regions of the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Middle East. The most probable area of origin of the date palm was in or near what is now the country of Iraq, but date cultivation spread to many countries starting in ancient times. Dates are a major food source and income source for local populations in the Middle East and North Africa, and play significant roles in the economy, society, and environment in these areas. In addition to serving directly as a food source, dates are packed and processed in a number of ways, and other parts of the tree are used for various purposes. The date palm is a diploid, perennial, dioecious, and monocotyledonous plant adapted to arid environments. It has unique biological and developmental characteristics that necessitate special propagation, culture, and management techniques. Thousands of date palm cultivars and selections exist in different date-growing countries. Different genetic marker systems have been used to study genetic relationships among date palm cultivars. The long life cycle, long period of juvenility, and dioecism of date palms make breeding challenging. Worldwide date production has grown from 1,809,091 t in 1962 to 6,924,975 t in 2005. Worldwide date production will continue to grow, especially in the Middle East, despite current and future challenges. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus & Dates, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Chao, CT (reprint author), Thermal Plaza Nursery, 8035-P Highway 86, Thermal, CA 92274 USA. EM rkrueger@ucr.edu NR 50 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1077 EP 1082 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300006 ER PT J AU Stover, E Aradhya, M Ferguson, L Crisosto, CH AF Stover, Ed Aradhya, Malli Ferguson, Louise Crisosto, Carlos H. TI The fig: Overview of an ancient fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID FICUS-CARICA C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Natl CLonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Natl CLonal Germplasm Repository, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300007 ER PT J AU Stover, E Mercure, EW AF Stover, Ed Mercure, Eric W. TI The pomegranate: A new look at the fruit of paradise SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID JUICE C1 Paramount Farming Co, Baku, Azerbaijan. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Inst Appl Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Santiago, Dept Agron, Santiago, Chile. Shivaji Univ, Coll Agr, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Natl Colnal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stover, E (reprint author), Paramount Farming Co, Baku, Azerbaijan. NR 47 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1092 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300008 ER PT J AU Palumbo, R Hong, WF Wang, GL Hu, JG Craig, R Locke, J Krause, C Tay, D AF Palumbo, Rose Hong, Wai-Foong Wang, Guo-Liang Hu, Jinguo Craig, Richard Locke, James Krause, Charles Tay, David TI Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) as a tool for detecting genetic variation in the genus Pelargonium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID MARKERS; RESISTANCE; WHEAT; TRANSFORMATION; INHERITANCE; GERANIACEAE; CULTIVAR; TRAITS; LOCI AB Pelargonium was a priority genera collected by the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC) until a recent reorganization. To preserve genetic diversity for future breeders, OPGC collects heirloom cultivars, breeding lines, and wild species. The current Pelargonium collection at OPGC consists primarily of cultivars originating from P. xhortorum and P. xdomesticum. Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) has the advantage of producing a large number of markers through use of sequence information that is already available. Our first goal was to determine the feasibility of TRAP for the analysis of this large collection, so that in the future the most diverse genotypes may be retained. To achieve this goal, we first modified existing DNA extraction techniques to account for the high levels of phenolic compounds present in some Pelargonium species by combining several washes to remove the phenolics with the addition of high levels of antiphenolic compounds. Second, we evaluated the TRAP procedure using the DNA isolated from 46 accessions. For 44 accessions, one or two primer combinations generated enough fragments to discriminate each of the accessions, and similar clades were produced by cluster analysis of the polymorphic fragments amplified by different primer combinations. All the scorable fragments were polymorphic, for one primer combination there were 148 markers from one image and the other produced 160 markers on two images. These results demonstrate that TRAP is an effective method for molecular characterization of ornamental collections. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wang, GL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wang.620@osu.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1118 EP 1123 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300015 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Levi, A AF Ling, Kai-Shu Levi, Amnon TI Sources of resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Lagenaria siceraria germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID 1ST REPORT; WATERMELON; FLORIDA AB One-hundred ninety U.S. Pis of bottlegourd vertical bar Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standi.vertical bar were evaluated for their resistance to the Florida strain of Zucchini yellow mosaic vt. rus (ZYMV-FL). Seedlings in the first leaf stage were mechanically inoculated with freshly prepared ZYMV-FL tissue extract in a greenhouse. Four weeks postinoculation, plants were visually evaluated for symptom expression and tissue samples from upper noninoculated leaves were collected for serological analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA). A combination of symptom expression and ELISA value was considered in determining the resistance or susceptibility for each accession. Of the 190 L. siceraria Pis screened, 36 accessions were in complete resistance (no disease symptom with negative ELISA on all tested plants), 64 Pis showed partial resistance (some of the tested plants were resistant, whereas others were susceptible), and 90 Pis were susceptible (severe symptom and positive ELISA on all tested plants). The ZYMV-FL resistance exists mostly among L. siceraria Pis collected in India. Thirty-three of the 36 L. siceraria Pis showing ZYMV-FL resistance were collected in India, one in Indonesia, one in South Africa, and one in Zimbabwe. To rule out any potential escapes in the primary screening, a repeated test using representative accessions, including 10 susceptible, tl ree partially resistant, and three completely resistant Pis, was done to confirm the ZVMV-FL resistance. Furthermore, the resistance to ZYMV-FL was shown to be heritable in progenies generated through self-pollination of single plants in each of five resistant Pis as well as in three F1 hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1126 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300016 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Vorsa, N AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Vorsa, Nicholi TI Inheritance patterns of parthenocarpic fruit development in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; GIBBERELLIC ACID; ENDOGENOUS AUXIN; SET; TOMATO; POLLINATION; CULTIVARS; SEEDLESSNESS; FERTILITY; PEPINO AB Forty-one half-sib families (>3000 individuals) segregating for parthenocarpic fruit production were evaluated under field conditions. Within these families, approximate to 280 parthenocarpic individuals were identified. In general, three categories of segregants were observed: normal-seeded types, small/low-seeded types, and parthenocarpic types. Inheritance patterns suggested that the trait is recessive, but did not fit simple tetrasomic recessive or incomplete dominance models. Lack of fit may be attributable to environmental interactions or incomplete penetrance of this trait. Further evaluations are underway with small/low-seeded types with the expectation that offspring of these plants may express the trait at higher frequencies than in F-1 x F-1 crosses. The reduced vigor in many of the parthenocarpic segregants suggests that this germplasm will be most useful, initially, in improving fruit quality in the intermediate expression types, which have better fruit set and reduced seed development. C1 USDA ARS, ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, ARS, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1127 EP 1130 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300017 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Vinyard, BT AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Rowland, Lisa J. Ogden, Elizabeth L. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Floral bud cold hardiness of Vaccinium ashei, V constablaei, and hybrid derivatives and the potential for producing northern-adapted rabbiteye cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS; DEACCLIMATION; KINETICS AB From 2004 to 2006, cold hardiness assays were performed to evaluate the relative winterhardiness of flower buds in selections of pure Vaccinium ashei Reade and V. constablaei Gray as well as in selections/families composed of various combinations of V. ashei and V. constablaei germplasm. Significant differences were observed among entries with LT50 values ranging from -17.2 to -28.4 degrees C. An analysis of LT50 versus percent V. constablaei yielded a regression of LT50 (degrees C) = (-0-08 x V. constablaei percentage) - 21.57. Families or selections with 50% (or greater) V. constablaei and some with 25% V. constablaei had LT50 values equivalent to or better than 'Bluecrop'. Based on this information, a 25% V. constablaei constitution appears suitable to develop northern-adapted rabbiteve types if proper parents are selected and if sufficient selection pressure for winterhardiness is exercised. C1 USDA ARS, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mark.ehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1134 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300018 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Farnham, MW Smith, JP Keinath, AP AF Wechter, W. Patrick Farnham, Mark W. Smith, J. Powell Keinath, Anthony P. TI Identification of resistance to peppery leaf spot among Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa plant introductions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm ID DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE; CAMPESTRIS PV. CAMPESTRIS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; BROCCOLI RAAB; DISEASE; INHERITANCE; CRUCIFERS; ALISALENSIS AB Brassica leafy greens (Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L.) represent one of the most economically important vegetable crop groups in the southeastern United States. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of a leaf-spot disease on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. This disease, known as peppery leaf spot, is now causing serious crop losses and has been attributed to the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm). To date, it appears that all cultivars of the Brassica leafy greens are susceptible, and available pesticides for control of this disease appear unable to reduce the disease to acceptable levels. Thus, we undertook a search for potential resistance to this disease among accessions of B. juncea and B. rapa included in the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) collection. In greenhouse trials, we screened commercial cultivars and 672 U.S. Pis (226 B. juncea and 446 B. rapa) for resistance to Psm with artificial inoculation. Although severity of disease symptoms was significantly different among inoculated accessions, no acceptable levels of resistance were found in any of the more than 400 B. rapa accessions tested. Only two B. juncea accessions (PI 195553 and G 30988) of 226 tested had acceptable levels of resistance that might prove economically useful. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Lexington, SC 29072 USA. Clemson Univ, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Pat.Wechter@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1143 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300020 ER PT J AU Thompson, E Strik, BC Clark, JR Finn, CE AF Thompson, Ellen Strik, Bernadine C. Clark, John R. Finn, Chad E. TI Flowering and fruiting patterns of primocane-fruiting blackberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE Rubus; 'Prime-Jan'; 'Prime-Jim'; bloom pattern ID RED RASPBERRY; ERECT AB The flowering morphology of the erect, thorny, primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivars 'Prime-Jan' and 'Prime-Jim' were studied in 2005 and 2006 in Aurora, OR. Primocanes that were "soft-tipped" in early summer to 1 rn were compared with untipped primocanes. In both years, soft-tipped primocanes developed two- to threefold more branches and almost twice the number of flowers as untipped canes. 'Prime-Jan' and 'Prime-Jim' began blooming on the branches of soft-tipped canes in mid-July, whereas untipped primocanes began to bloom in late July in 2005 and 2006. Within a primocane inflorescence, the terminal or distal flower was always the first to open followed by terminal flowers from axes located on the basal portion of the inflorescence. Flowers then opened acropetally within the inflorescence, with the exception of the most basal flower, which was typically the last to open. The blooming pattern within an inflorescence was similar for soft-tipped and untipped primocanes. Days from anthesis to black fruit for soft-tipped and untipped primocanes averaged 45 to 51 d in both years, depending on cultivar. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Plant Sci 316, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1176 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300027 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Ebelhar, MW Coker, C Evans, WB AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Ebelhar, M. Wayne Coker, Christine Evans, William B. TI Quality assessment and yield of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) grown at multiple locations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE apigenin; baicalin; baicalein; chrysin; scutellarein; Scutellaria baicalensis ID BAICALIN; ROOT; FLAVONOIDS; ANTICANCER; HERBS AB Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is an important medicinal plant with proven bioactivity. Commercially available products in the United States containing extracts or derivatives from this plant species have been shown to lack consistency of chemical composition and bioactivity. In the United States, these issues could be solved through domestic production of skullcap. The hypothesis of this study was that Baikal skullcap grown in the Mississippi climate would accumulate sufficient bioactive flavonoids, baicalin, and baicalein in the roots to justify domestic production, and that shoots of these plants might also contain the flavonoids of interest. A replicated field experiment was conducted at four locations in Mississippi (Beaumont, Crystal Springs, Stoneville, and Verona) to test the hypothesis. The concentration of the main flavonoid, baicalin, in the roots ranged from 8.1 % to 15.6%, whereas the concentration of baicalein varied from 0.2% to 1.2%. The flavonoid concentrations in the roots were similar to that of commercially available skullcap roots, and to concentrations reported in the literature. Chrysin was detected in the roots from one location. Furthermore, the flavonoids apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, chrysin, and scutellarein were detected and quantified in the skullcap shoots. Overall, yields of dry roots tended to increase from southern to northern locations. This is the first report on flavonoid accumulation in Baikal skullcap roots and shoots grown in the United States. The results from this study, are promising and suggest that 1) Baikal skullcap grown in Mississippi accumulates similar amounts of baicalein and baicalin to skullcap grown in other regions and can provide up to 128 kg center dot ha(-1) of baicalin and up to 2.32 kg center dot ha(-1) of baicalein; 2) flavonoid concentration in Baikal skullcap roots and shoots, yields, and mineral concentration of roots might depend on climatic and growing conditions; and 3) Baikal skullcap could be developed as a high-value crop for Mississippi and possibly other regions of the United States. Further research is needed on skullcap production methods and economic feasibility. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, University, MS 38677 USA. Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. S Mississippi Branch Expt Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Truck Crops Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1187 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300029 ER PT J AU Elfving, DC Drake, SR Reed, AN Visser, DB AF Elfving, Don C. Drake, Stephen R. Reed, A. Nathan Visser, Dwayne B. TI Preharvest applications of sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene in the orchard for management of apple harvest and postharvest condition SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE plant growth regulator; bioregulator; fruit maturity; ethylene; storage; Malus xdomestica ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; FRUIT DROP; QUALITY; 1-MCP; STORAGE; INHIBITION; RESPONSES; MATURITY; RECEPTOR; PLANTS AB A sprayable formulation of 1-methyleyclopropene (I-MCP; AgroFresh, Spring House, PA) was applied to 'Scarletspur Delicious' and 'Cameo' apples in the orchard I to 3 weeks before harvest and compared in different postharvest studies with the commercial postharvest 1-MCP fruit treatment (SmartFresh; AgroFresh) and with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG; ReTain; Valent BioSciences, Walnut Creek, CA). Treated apples were held in air storage for 50 to 60 d or in controlled-atmosphere storage for 120 to 125 or 215 to 225 d. With increased concentration, sprayable 1-MCP treatments were effective at controlling flesh firmness loss and internal ethylene concentration (IEC) up to 225 d of storage as well as during a 7-d poststorage shelf life simulation at room temperature. Application closer to harvest improved the effect of sprayable 1-MCP on control of flesh firmness loss and IEC. Concentrations of sprayable 1-MCP above 90 mg a.i./L produced similar fruit effects to 1-MCP. Treatment with 1-MCP showed little effect on soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), or skin or flesh color in 'Delicious' but slightly increased SSC and TA in 'Cameo' apples. AVG applied 4 weeks before commercial harvest controlled IEC nearly as well as either sprayable 1-MCP or 1-MCP during storage, but AVG-treated fruit allowed to ripen for 7 d at room temperature after storage lost much more flesh firmness regardless of storage regime. Sprayable 1-MCP also reduced starch hydrolysis, IEC and fruit drop at harvest. Sprayable 1-MCP may offer new opportunities for effective preharvest management of apple fruit condition, storability, and poststorage fruit quality. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. AgroFresh Inc, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Elfving, DC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM delfving@wsu.edu NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1192 EP 1199 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300031 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO AF Fuglie, Keith O. TI Priorities for sweetpotato research in developing countries: Results of a survey SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE constraints analysis; global public goods; scoring model AB International institutions like the International Potato Center (CIP) strive to provide "global public goods" in the form of improved technologies applicable to large regions of the developing world. To identify priorities for sweetpotato improvement, CIP conducted a survey of knowledgeable scientists in developing countries to elicit their perspectives on the most important constraints facing poor and small-scale sweetpotato growers in their countries. Respondents scored productivity and other constraints according to their importance in the region or country where they worked. Mean and weighted mean scores were estimated to provide a group judgment of the most important constraints facing sweetpotato farmers in developing countries. The survey results showed that there are a few key needs facing farmers in all major sweetpotato producing areas, but there are other very important needs specific to certain regions. The needs that scored highest in all or most of the major sweetpotato producing areas in developing countries are: i) control of viruses (through varietal resistance, quality planting material, and crop management); ii) small-enterprise development for sweetpotato processing; iii) improvement in availability and quality of sweetpotato planting material; and iv) improved cultivars exhibiting high and stable yield potential. Some differences emerged, however, in priority needs of the two major centers of sweetpotato production: Additional priorities for sub-Saharan Africa include improved control of the sweetpotato weevil and cultivars with high beta-carotene content to address vitamin A deficiency. For China, other top needs are: i) conservation and characterization of genetic resources; ii) prebreeding; iii) cultivars with high starch yield; and iv) new product development. The different sets of priorities reflect differences in the role of sweetpotato in the rural economy and also different capacities of the agricultural research system in these regions of the world. Compared with earlier surveys, there now seems to be a greater need for postharvest utilization research, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, partly reflecting a demand constraint due to the crop's status as an inferior food. C1 USDA, Resources & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Fuglie, KO (reprint author), USDA, Resources & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1206 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300032 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Elmore, CL Yakabe, LE MacDonald, JD AF Zasada, Inga A. Elmore, Clyde L. Yakabe, Lani E. MacDonald, James D. TI Evaluation of propargyl bromide as a soil fumigant SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE solarization; methyl bromide alternatives; soil fumigants; floral crops ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; DEGRADATION; IODIDE AB The cut flower and bulb industry in California is an important part of the state's agricultural economy and it has relied heavily upon the use of methyl bromide as a treatment to control soil-borne pests. With the phase out of methyl bromide, it is important to develop alternatives that will maintain crop productivity. This report describes research testing the efficacy of propargyl bromide against selected nematode, fungal, and weed species. Three sites were selected in California to represent different soil types and environments. Propargyl bromide was applied to soil in large, buried containers at rates ranging from 28 to 168 kg center dot ha(-1) and compared with standard soil fumigants. The citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) and an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr were both controlled at the lowest rate of propargyl bromide tested: 28 kg-ha(-1). Weed species varied greatly in their sensitivity to propargyl bromide. A 100% reduction in common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) germination occurred at 112 kg center dot ha(-1) propargyl bromide, regardless of geographical location. Results for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control were more variable across locations and years, but more than 90% control was consistently achieved with 168 kg center dot ha(-1) propargyl bromide. Cheeseweed (Malva parviflora L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) were never consistently controlled by propargyl bromide. When compared with the soil fumigants methyl bromide, iodomethane, and metam sodium, propargyl bromide provided comparable control of all soilborne pests, but at much lower rates. Although higher rates of propargyl bromide, more than 112 kg center dot ba(-1), were needed to control weeds, these rates still were almost half that required of the other standard fumigants. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP MacDonald, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdmacdonald@ucdavis.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1216 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300034 ER PT J AU Buamscha, MG Altland, JE Sullivan, DM Horneck, DA Cassidy, J AF Buamscha, M. Gabriela Altland, James E. Sullivan, Dan M. Horneck, Donald A. Cassidy, James TI Chemical and physical properties of Douglas fir bark relevant to the production of container plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; fresh bark; aged bark; nutrients; bark physical properties; water-holding capacity; particle size ID PINE BARK; GROWTH; MEDIA; PHOSPHORUS AB A 1-year survey on the chemical and physical properties of Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco] bark was conducted with the following objectives: 1) to document baseline chemical and physical properties of Douglas fir bark (DFB) that have relevance to production of container plants; 2) to determine the effect of DFB age on its chemical and physical properties; and 3) to document the consistency of those properties throughout the year. In June, August, October, and Dec. 2005, and February and May 2006, fresh and aged DFB samples were collected from two primary DFB suppliers (bark sources) for Oregon nurseries: source A offers a bark screened to 0.95 cm or less (fine) and source B screened to 2.2 cm or less (coarse). Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), essential plant macro- and micronutrients, bulk density, particle size distribution, and substrate moisture characteristic curves. Air space (AS), container capacity (CC), and solids were determined as a percent of container volume. Nonamended fresh and aged DFB contains appreciable extractable amounts of all measured plant macro- and micronutrients, except N. In general, the aging process reduced pH; and increased EC, and extractability of phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, and aluminum. Uniformity of DFB chemical properties throughout the year was affected by bark source and less so by age. In terms of physical properties, aged DFB had lower AS and higher CC compared with fresh DFB. Average differences in AS and CC between fresh and aged DFB within a source were 8% or less. Similar to chemical properties, uniformity of DFB physical properties was more affected by bark source than age. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, 15210 NE Miley Rd, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. EM james.altland@oregonstate.edu RI Khan, Raza/D-2130-2011 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1286 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300048 ER PT J AU Owen, JS Warren, SL Bilderback, TE Albano, JP AF Owen, James S., Jr. Warren, Stuart L. Bilderback, Ted E. Albano, Joseph P. TI Industrial mineral aggregate amendment affects physical and chemical properties of pine bark substrates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE media; phosphorus; bentonite; palygorskite; water ID SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZER; RETENTION; GROWTH; MEDIA; DEATH; WATER AB Nonpoint source effluent containing nitrate N (NO3-N) and phosphorus (P) from containerized nursery production has garnered local, regional, and national concern. Industrial minerals have long been used as absorbents, agrochemical carriers, and barriers to retain heavy metals. Our objective was to determine the effects of a palygorskite-bentonite industrial mineral aggregate on the physical and chemical properties of a soilless substrate and the resulting impact on water and nutrient efficiency. The mineral aggregate had two particle size ranges (0.25 to 0.85 torn or 0.85 to 4.75 mm) in combination with two temperature pretreatments [low volatile material (LVM) or regular volatile material (RVM)]. A representative substrate (8 pine bark:1 coarse sand) of the southeastern United States nursery industry was also included in the study as a control. Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. 'Skogholm' was grown in all substrates on collection pads that allowed for the quantification of daily influent and effluent volumes to calculate cumulative NO3-N, ammonium N (NH4-N), and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loss for 112 days. There was a 13% to 15% decrease in daily water application volume with no effect on Skogholm cotoneaster growth, which equated into a savings of 22 to 26 L per 14-L container in mineral aggregate-a mended substrates compared with a sand-amended substrate (control). Mineral aggregate-amended substrates decreased NH4-N and DRP effluent 39% and 34%, respectively, compared with the control. In addition, LVM and particle size 0.25 to 0.85 turn reduced effluent DRP compared with the 0.85 to 4.75-mm RVM aggregate. Plant dry weight is-as unaffected by any of the treatments. Substantial nutrient content reduction in effluent and reductions in water application were achieved with amending pine bark with 0.25 to 0.85 nim LVM industrial mineral aggregate. A 0.25 to 0.85-mm LVM industrial mineral aggregate pine bark-amended substrate reduced effluent DRP and NH4-N greater than 40% and reduced water application 15% or 26 L when compared with the industry representative substrate. C1 Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Owen, JS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, 15210 NE Miley Rd, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. EM jim.owen@oregonstate.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1294 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300049 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Buckley, B Marsh, DB AF Fery, Richard L. Buckley, Blair Marsh, Dyremple B. TI 'WhipperSnapper', a dual-purpose southernpea for the production of both snaps and fresh-shell peas SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE Vigna unguiculata; cowpea; vegetable breeding C1 USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Agr Res Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Red River Stn, LSU AgCtr, Bossier, LA 71113 USA. Lincoln Univ Cooperat Res, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Delaware State Univ, Coll Agr & Related Sci, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Agr Res Serv, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1298 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300051 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL AF Jarret, Robert L. TI Morphologic variation for fruit characteristics in the USDA/ARS Capsicum baccatum L. germplasm collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Update on Statistical Methods for Interpreting Horticulural Data held at the ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 18, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Publ Comm DE aji; Capsicum sp.; fruit shape; fruit width; var. pendulum; var. baccatum ID CHILI-PEPPERS CAPSICUM; GENUS CAPSICUM; SOLANACEAE; EVOLUTION AB Mature fruit of 295 accessions of Capsicum baccatum from the USDA/ARS Capsicum germplasm collection were characterized for fruit length, width, weight, and color. Mean fruit weight was determined to be 5.91 g with a range of 0.15 to 22.8 g. Mean fruit length was 6.01 cm with a range of 0.8 to 16.0 cm. Mean fruit width was 1.86 cm and a range of 0.5 to 4.75 cm. Distributions of all characteristics were positively skewed and failed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality. The distribution of fruit weight values was the most highly skewed, possibly reflecting a more intense human selection pressure for this characteristic. Distributions of fruit width, length, weight, and length:width were leptokurtic (long-tailed). Ninety-three percent of accessions were elongate. Mature fruit colors included red (73.6%), orange (19.7%), yellow (3%), green (0.3%), and mixed (3%). These data suggest that variability for mature fruit characteristics within this germplasm collection is considerable and that variability for fruit length, width, weight, and color is sufficient to provide the basis for the improvement of the aji crop. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Griffin, GA 30224 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 1109 Expt Str, Griffin, GA 30224 USA. EM bjarret@ars-grin.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1305 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 191SM UT WOS:000248152300054 ER PT J AU Heppner, CS Nimmo, JR Folmar, GJ Gburek, WJ Risser, DW AF Heppner, Christopher S. Nimmo, John R. Folmar, Gordon J. Gburek, William J. Risser, Dennis W. TI Multiple-methods investigation of recharge at a humid-region fractured rock site, Pennsylvania, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; fractured rocks; unsaturated zone; lysimeters; water-table fluctuations ID WATER-TABLE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; WICK LYSIMETERS; FLOW; INFILTRATION; VELOCITIES; TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS; TENSION; YIELD AB Lysimeter-percolate and well-hydrograph analyses were combined to evaluate recharge for the Masser Recharge Site (central Pennsylvania, USA). In humid regions, aquifer recharge through an unconfined low-porosity fractured-rock aquifer can cause large magnitude water-table fluctuations over short time scales. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface porous media control the magnitude and timing of these fluctuations. Data from multiple sets of lysimeters at the site show a highly seasonal pattern of percolate and exhibit variability due to both installation factors and hydraulic property heterogeneity. Individual event analysis of well hydrograph data reveals the primary influences on water-table response, namely rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and initial water-table depth. Spatial and seasonal variability in well response is also evident. A new approach for calculating recharge from continuous water-table elevation records using a master recession curve (MRC) is demonstrated. The recharge estimated by the MRC approach when assuming a constant specific yield is seasonal to a lesser degree than the recharge estimate resulting from the lysimeter analysis. Partial reconciliation of the two recharge estimates is achieved by considering a conceptual model of flow processes in the highly-heterogeneous underlying fractured porous medium. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Heppner, CS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hepp@pangea.stanford.edu NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 915 EP 927 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0149-6 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190KC UT WOS:000248056700007 ER PT J AU Gao, XA Qi, L Qiao, N Choi, HK Curhan, G Tucker, KL Ascherio, A AF Gao, Xiang Qi, Lu Qiao, Ning Choi, Hyon K. Curhan, Gary Tucker, Katherine L. Ascherio, Alberto TI Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE uric acid; beverages; added sugar; fructose; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERURICEMIA; INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTOR; LIFE-STYLE AB Fructose-induced hyperuricemia might have a causal role in metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and other chronic disease. However, no study has investigated whether sugar added to foods or sugar-sweetened beverages, which are major sources of fructose, are associated with serum uric acid concentration in free-living populations. We examined the relationship between the intakes of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages and serum uric acid concentrations in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002, a nationally representative sample of men and women. We included 4073 subjects (1988 men and 2085 women) > 18 years of age in the current study. Dietary intake was assessed by a single 24- hour recall. We used multivariate linear regression to adjust for age, gender, intake of energy and alcohol, body mass index, use of diuretics, beta-blockers, and other covariates. Male subjects in the highest intake quartile of estimated intake of added sugars or sugar-sweetened drinks had higher plasma uric acid concentrations than those in the lowest intake quartiles (P < 0.001 for both) after adjusting for potential confounders, whereas we did not observe significant associations for females (P for trend > 0.2; P for interaction < 0.01). Further research is needed to confirm causality of these associations and the observed difference by gender. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gao, XA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM xgao@hsph.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS048517] NR 62 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD AUG PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091041 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 192BT UT WOS:000248176400010 PM 17592072 ER PT J AU Evenhuis, J Bengten, E Snell, C Quiniou, SM Miller, NW Wilson, M AF Evenhuis, Jason Bengten, Eva Snell, Cecile Quiniou, Sylvie M. Miller, Norman W. Wilson, Melanie TI Characterization of additional novel immune type receptors in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE novel immune type receptors; structural diversity; innate immunity; channel catfish ID INHIBITORY RECEPTORS; FC-RECEPTORS; NK CELLS; GENES; FAMILY; RECOGNITION; ZEBRAFISH; IDENTIFICATION; LEUKOCYTES; MOLECULES AB Mining of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) expressed sequence tag databases identified seven new novel immune type receptors (IpNITRs). These differed in sequence, but not structure, from previously described IpNITR1-11. IpNITR12a, 12b, 13, and 14 encode proteins containing a single variable (V)-like immunoglobulin (Ig) domain. IpNITR12a and 13 encode a transmembrane (TM) region and cytoplasmic tail (CYT) containing immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibition motifs (ITIMs). IpNITR14 contains a TM and short CYT devoid of signaling motifs and is similar in structure to IpNITR7. IpNITR12b lacks a TM and may represent an IpNITR12a splice variant. In contrast, IpNITR15a, 15b, and 16 encode two Ig domains (V-like domain 1 and V/C2-like domain 2). IpNITR15a and 15b contain TM and CYT with ITIMs. IpNITR16 appears to be a secreted form. The first V-like domains of IpNITR12-16 (except a/b pairs) share 17-32% amino acid identity with each other and with V domains of IpNITR1-11. They therefore represent five additional IpNITR V families (defined as possessing 70% or more amino acid identity). The V/C2 domains of IpNITR15a, 15b and 16 have 94-98% amino acid identity, but share 37-50% amino acid identity with corresponding V/C2 domains found in IpNITR1-4. Phylogenetic analyses indicate IpNITR12-16 are more closely related to other teleost NITRs than to IpNITR1-11. Gene mapping indicates that IpNITRs are linked, and members of the ten known IpNITR families are interspersed. IpNITR12-16 are differentially expressed in various catfish immune-type cells and preferentially up regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes by allogeneic stimulation. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 39701 USA. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM mwilson@microbio.umsmed.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI-19530] NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 59 IS 8 BP 661 EP 671 DI 10.1007/s00251-007-0230-x PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 197UF UT WOS:000248581300006 PM 17534612 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Borowsky, AD Lloyd, KCK AF Stephensen, Charles B. Borowsky, Alexander D. Lloyd, Kevin C. Kent TI Disruption of Rxra gene in thymocytes and T lymphocytes modestly alters lymphocyte frequencies, proliferation, survival and T helper type 1/type 2 balance SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE knockout mice; retinoid X receptor-alpha; T helper type 1/T helper type 2; T lymphocyte; vitamin A ID RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; IN-VITRO; ALPHA; ACID; MICE; INHIBITION; APOPTOSIS; RESPONSES; CELLS AB Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, including the vitamin A metabolite 9-cis retinoic acid, decrease T-lymphocyte apoptosis and promote T helper type 2 (Th2) development ex vivo. To examine the in vivo role of RXR-alpha in T-lymphocyte development and function, we disrupted the Rxra gene in thymocytes and T lymphocytes using cyclization recombinase (Cre)-loxP-mediated excision of Rxra exon 4. Expression of Cre was targeted to these cells using the Lck promoter. Successful disruption of exon 4 was seen in thymus and T lymphocytes. Mice were healthy and the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes appeared normal. However, knockout mice had a lower percentage of double-positive (CD4(+) CD8(+)) and a higher percentage of double-negative thymocytes than wild-type mice. The percentage of splenic B lymphocytes was lower in unimmunized and ovalbumin-immunized knockout mice and the percentage of T lymphocytes was lower in immunized knockout mice. Ex vivo proliferation was decreased and apoptosis was increased in T lymphocytes from knockout mice. Memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes from knockout mice produced more interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and less IL-5 and IL-10 than memory cells from wild-type mice, indicating a Th1 bias in vivo. However, Rxra disruption did not similarly bias ex vivo differentiation of naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes, nor did Rxra disruption alter the serum immunoglobulin G1/immunoglobulin G2a response to immunization. In summary, disruption of Rxra altered the percentages of T and B lymphocytes, produced a Th1 bias in vivo, and altered T-lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis ex vivo. These differences were modest in magnitude and their impact on disease resistance is yet to be examined. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr,Nutr Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [C60 RR-12088-01, C06 RR012088]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050863, R01 AI 50863] NR 41 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 121 IS 4 BP 484 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02595.x PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 186CE UT WOS:000247755900005 PM 17433077 ER PT J AU Pan, Z Zheng, Y Zhang, R Jenkins, BM AF Pan, Zhongh Zheng, Yi Zhang, Ruihong Jenkins, Bryan M. TI Physical properties of thin particleboard made from saline eucalyptus SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE saline wood; eucalyptus; particleboard; urea formaldehyde; polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate; mechanical properties; water resistance ID CCA-TREATED WOOD; WHEAT-STRAW; DENSITY PARTICLEBOARD; SUITABILITY; COMPOSITES; SERVICE; RESIN AB Eucalyptus tree, Eucalyptus cinerea, has the potential to be used as a biomass crop to help manage saline subsurface drainage water in and land where irrigated agriculture is practiced. In this research, saline eucalyptus was used to manufacture mediumdensity particleboard in an attempt to develop value-added application for the saline wood. This study investigated the effects of wood species (non-saline and saline), particle size, adhesive, bark content (BC), resin content (RC), and hot water treatment on the mechanical and water resistant properties of the medium-density particleboards made with eucalyptus woods. The measured mechanical properties included tensile strength (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength (113) of the finished particleboards. Water absorption and thickness swelling were tested to evaluate the water resistance properties. The particleboard made with 4% polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) resin had better qualities except for MOR than the particleboard made with 7% urea formaldehyde (UF). The particles of medium size (20-40 mesh) gave higher particleboard qualities, except for TS, than the smaller size (40-60 mesh) and larger size (10-20 mesh) particles. The qualities of particleboard were improved as the content of UF resin increased from 7% to 16%. The mechanical properties deteriorated as BC increased from 0% to 15.4%, but the water resistance was improved. The particleboard made from hot water treated wood particles had better qualities than the particleboard made from untreated particles. The particleboard made from saline wood had much better qualities than the particleboard made from non-saline wood. Saline eucalyptus is an appropriate material for manufacturing particleboards. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.03.006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 192XW UT WOS:000248238200009 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, S Chen, MS Elpidina, EN Vinokurov, KS Smith, CM Marshall, J Oppert, B AF Prabhakar, S. Chen, M.-S. Elpidina, E. N. Vinokurov, K. S. Smith, C. M. Marshall, J. Oppert, B. TI Sequence analysis and molecular characterization of larval midgut cDNA transcripts encoding peptidases from the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tenebrio molitor; peptidases; insect digestion; coleopteran pests; molecular entomology; serine proteinases; cathepsins L and B; carboxypeptidase A; peptidase homolog ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; RED FLOUR BEETLE; ROOTWORM DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; SERINE PROTEASES; MICROVILLAR AMINOPEPTIDASE; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA AB Peptidase sequences were analysed in randomly picked clones from cDNA libraries of the anterior or posterior midgut or whole larvae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus. Of a total of 1528 sequences, 92 encoded potential peptidases, from which 50 full-length cDNA sequences were obtained, including serine and cysteine proteinases and metallopeptidases. Serine proteinase transcripts were predominant in the posterior midgut, whereas transcripts encoding cysteine and metal lopeptidases were mainly found in the anterior midgut. Alignments with other proteinases indicated that 40% of the serine proteinase sequences were serine proteinase homologues, and the remaining ones were identified as either trypsin, chymotrypsin or other serine proteinases. Cysteine proteinase sequences included cathepsin B- and L-like proteinases, and metal lopeptidase transcripts were similar to carboxypeptidase A. Northern blot analysis of representative sequences demonstrated the differential expression profile of selected transcripts across five developmental stages of Te. molitor. These sequences provide insights into peptidases in coleopteran insects as a basis to study the response of coleopteran larvae to external stimuli and to evaluate regulatory features of the response. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Product Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Phys Chem Biol, Moscow, Russia. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Product Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu RI Vinokurov, Konstantin/F-9521-2011; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 NR 78 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 EI 1365-2583 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 455 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00740.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 201UL UT WOS:000248858000008 PM 17651235 ER PT J AU Frye, JG Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Frye, Jonathan G. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Prevalence, distribution and characterisation of ceftiofur resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from animals in the USA from 1999 to 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; cephalosporin; ceftiofur; antimicrobial resistance; animal; plasmid; bla(CMY-2) ID SPECTRUM-CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BETA-LACTAMASES; UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROTYPE NEWPORT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLASMIDS AB Third-generation cephalosporin 3GC antimicrobials are the drugs of choice for treatment of salmonellosis in children. Salmonella isolated in the USA are assayed by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for resistance to antimicrobials including first-, second- and third-generation cephalosporins. From 1999 to 2003, 34,411 Salmonella were isolated from animals in the USA, of which 10.9% were found to be resistant to ceftiofur, a 3GC used in animals, whilst only 0.3% were resistant to ceftriaxone, a 3GC used in human medicine. Ceftiofur resistance rose from 4.0% in 1999 to 18.8% in 2003. isolates from diagnostic laboratories had higher levels of resistance (18.5%), whereas levels in isolates from on-farm (3.4%) and slaughter (7.1%) sources were lower. Animals with a higher than average proportion of resistant Salmonella included cattle (17.6%), horses (19.2%) and dogs (20.8%). Levels in turkeys (6.8%), chickens (7.1 %), eggs (3.6%) and swine (4.6%) were lower. Resistance varied between Salmonella serotypes. A few serotypes had significantly high levels, e.g. S. Newport was 70.4% ceftiofur resistant. Resistance was predominantly associated with bla(CMY-2)-encoding plasmids. These data suggest that the acquisition of resistance plasmids and the spread of specific serotypes harbouring these plasmids are driving the observed resistance to ceftiofur in Salmonella animal isolates. Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM paula.cray@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.013 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 192ZX UT WOS:000248243800005 PM 17531447 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, P Davis, R Mashchak, A Goheen, SC AF Edwards, J. Vincent Howley, Phyllis Davis, Rachel Mashchak, Andrew Goheen, Steven C. TI Protease inhibition by oleic acid transfer from chronic wound dressings to albumin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE occlusive wound dressings; oleic acid; cationic proteases; cotton; albumin; micelles; chronic wounds ID HUMAN NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS; IN-VITRO; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRESSURE ULCERS; FATTY-ACIDS; LEG ULCERS; COTTON; CELLULOSE AB High elastase and cathepsin G activities have been observed in chronic wounds to inhibit healing through degradation of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. Oleic acid is a non-toxic elastase inhibitor. Cotton wound dressing material was characterized as a transfer carrier for affinity uptake of oleic acid by albumin under conditions mimicking chronic wounds. The mechanism of oleic acid uptake from cotton and binding by albumin was examined with both intact dressings and cotton fiber-designed chromatography. Raman spectra of the albumin-oleic acid complexes under liquid equilibrium conditions revealed fully saturated albumin-oleic acid complexes with a 1:1 weight ratio of albumin:oleic acid. Liquid-solid equilibrium conditions revealed oleic acid transfer from cotton to albumin at 27 mole equivalents of oleic acid per mole albumin. Comparing oleic acid formulated wound dressings for dose dependent ability to lower elastase activity, we found cotton gauze > hydrogel > hydrocolloid. In contrast, the cationic serine protease cathepsin G was inhibited by oleic acid within a narrow range of oleic acid-cotton formulations. 2% albumin was sufficient to transfer quantities of oleic acid necessary to achieve a significant elastase-lowering effect. Oleic acid bound to cotton wound dressings may have promise in the selective lowering of cationic serine protease activity useful in topical application for chronic inflammatory pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Textile Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Textile Chem Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vedwards@srre.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.03.018 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 202KZ UT WOS:000248901800007 PM 17570626 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Donahue, JM Sells, SF Kroppenstedt, RM AF Labeda, D. P. Donahue, J. M. Sells, S. F. Kroppenstedt, R. M. TI Lentzea kentuckyensis sp nov., of equine origin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROTHRIX; PLACENTITIS; NOCARDIA; ABORTION; STRAIN; RATES AB A novel actinomycete, designated strain LDDC 2876-05(T), was isolated from an equine placenta during the course of routine diagnostic tests for nocardioform placentitis. In a preliminary study, the strain was observed to be phylogenetically distinct from the genera Crossiella and Amycolatopsis and probably a member of the genus Lentzea. A polyphasic study of strain LDDC: 2876-05(T) confirmed its identification as a member of Lentzea on the basis of its chemotaxonomic and morphological similarity to all of the known species of the genus. Moreover, the strain could be distinguished from other species with validly published names on the basis of its phylogenetic and physiological characteristics and its fatty acid profile. Therefore strain LDDC 2876-05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea kentuckyensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LDDC 2876-05(T) (=NRRL B-24416(T) =DSM 44909(T)). C1 [Labeda, D. P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Donahue, J. M.; Sells, S. F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Livestock Dis Diag Ctr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Kroppenstedt, R. M.] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganism Zellkultur GmbH, German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Labeda@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64245-0 PN 8 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 240YD UT WOS:000251623200022 PM 17684256 ER PT J AU Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ing-Ming Zhao, Yan TI Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma groups SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WITCHES-BROOM-DISEASE; INTEROPERON SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; ASTER YELLOWS VIRUS; STONE FRUIT YELLOWS; WESTERN X-DISEASE; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; STRAIN CLUSTER; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous plant diseases. As no phytoplasma has been cultured in cell-free medium, phytoplasmas cannot be differentiated and classified by the traditional methods which are applied to culturable prokaryotes. Over the past decade, the establishment of a phytoplasma classification scheme based on 16S rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns has enabled the accurate and reliable identification and classification of a wide range of phytoplasmas. In the present study, we expanded this classification scheme through the use of computer-simulated RFLP analysis, achieving rapid differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas. Over 800 publicly available phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene sequences were aligned using the CLUSTAL_x program and the aligned 1.25 kb fragments were exported to pDRAW32 software for in silico restriction digestion and virtual gel plotting. Based on distinctive virtual RFLP patterns and calculated similarity coefficients, phytoplasma strains were classified into 28 groups. The results included the classification of hundreds of previously unclassified phytoplasmas and the delineation of 10 new phytoplasma groups representing three recently described and seven novel putative 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' taxa. C1 [Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhaoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 160 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1855 EP 1867 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.65000-0 PN 8 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 240YD UT WOS:000251623200037 PM 17684271 ER PT J AU Williams, S Feist, WC AF Williams, Sam Feist, William C. TI Service life of finishes on smooth-ptaned and saw-textured western redcedar bevel siding SO JCT COATINGSTECH LA English DT Article ID WEATHERING PERFORMANCE AB The performance of 35 finishes (clear water-repellent preservatives; lightly pigmented, water-repellent preservatives; semitransparent stains; solid-color stains; and paints) applied to newly planed, vertical-grained, factory-planed, flat-grained; or saw-textured, vertical-grained western redcedar bevel siding was evaluated for cracking, erosion, and general appearance over 14 years of outdoor exposure at two sites (Madison, WI, and Gulfport, MS). Service life was dependent on the wood surface and increased in the following order: clear water-repellent preservatives; lightly pigmented, water-repellent preservatives; semitransparent stains; solid-color stains; and paints. The performance was about the same for both the flat-grained and vertical-grained smooth-planed bevel siding but was greatly improved for almost all finish systems on the saw-textured western redcedar bevel siding. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0083 J9 JCT COATINGSTECH JI JCT Coatingstech PD AUG PY 2007 VL 4 IS 8 BP 58 EP 70 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 202RI UT WOS:000248920400006 ER PT J AU Key, ND Roberts, MJ AF Key, Nigel D. Roberts, Michael J. TI Do government payments influence farm size and survival? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural payments; exit rate; farm size; growth; payment limits; survival ID LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS; FIRM SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; ENTRY; EXIT; PRODUCERS; INDUSTRY AB Using farm-level data from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Census of Agriculture, this study estimates what effect agricultural payments have had on the likelihood of farm business survival and on farm size. The unique panel data set permits conditioning current farm size on past farm size, which removes much of the individual heterogeneity of farms that could be spuriously correlated with payment levels. Results indicate that between consecutive censuses, past per acre payments have a significant positive effect on farm business survival and a small yet significant influence on the size of continuing farms. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Key, ND (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 330 EP 348 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 197HK UT WOS:000248545000006 ER PT J AU King, KW Torbert, HA AF King, K. W. Torbert, H. A. TI Nitrate and ammonium losses from surface-applied organic and inorganic fertilizers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; MANURE APPLICATION; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; SOIL; NITROGEN; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; LAND AB Animal manures are a valuable resource, providing readily available plant nutrients; however, runoff from lands receiving animal manure has been shown to contribute to water pollution. Understanding the loss of nutrients from slow release fertilizers, such as animal manure, after application is critical in determining and designing practices to reduce and/or control the temporal availability and potential offsite transport of NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N after application. A block study was designed to compare and contrast the temporal losses of NO(3)-N and NH4-N from three slow release fertilizers (sulphur-coated urea, composted dairy manure, and poultry litter) and one fast release fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) turf. Cumulative NO(3)-N loss from plots receiving application of the manufactured (NH(4)NO(3) and sulphur-coated urea) products was significantly (P < 0 center dot 05) greater than the measured losses from plots receiving application of natural products (composted dairy manure and poultry litter). The cumulative NO(3)-N recovered in the runoff expressed as a proportion of applied N was 0 center dot 37 for ammonium nitrate, 0 center dot 25 for sulphur-coated urea, 0 center dot 10 for composted dairy manure, and 0 center dot 07 for poultry litter during the 10-week study period. Cumulative NH(4)-N recovery fractions were an order of magnitude less than the cumulative NO(3)-N fractions and no significant differences (P > 0 center dot 05) were measured across treatments. Significant differences (P < 0 center dot 05) in NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N loss through time were measured for the four treatments. The findings of the present study indicate that land-applied animal manures are less susceptible to initial losses of N when compared to manufactured fertilizers. C1 USDA ARS Soil Drainage Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS Soil Drainage Res, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM king.220@osu.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 145 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1017/S0021859607006946 PN 4 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 189LO UT WOS:000247990600008 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Bennett, GL Koohmaraie, M Dikeman, ME AF Snowder, G. D. Van Vleck, L. D. Cundiff, L. V. Bennett, G. L. Koohmaraie, M. Dikeman, M. E. TI Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: Phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations with growth, carcass, and longissimus muscle palatability traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; carcass trait; health; performance; selection; shipping fever ID BEEF-CATTLE; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; RETAINED HETEROSIS; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; MEAT TRAITS; BODY-WEIGHT; SHEEP; PARAMETERS; SELECTION AB Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most costly feedlot disease in the United States. Selection for disease resistance is one of several possible interventions to prevent or reduce the economic loss associated with animal disease and to improve animal welfare. Undesirable genetic relationships, however, may exist between production and disease resistance traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate the phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations of BRD with growth, carcass, and LM palatability traits. Health records on 18,112 feedlot cattle over a 15-yr period and slaughter data on 1,627 steers over a 4-yr period were analyzed with bivariate animal models. Traits included ADG, adjusted carcass fat thickness at the 12th rib, marbling score, LM area, weight of retail cuts, weight of fat trim, bone weight, Warner-Bratzler shear force, tenderness score, and juiciness score. The estimated heritability of BRD incidence was 0.08 +/- 0.01. Phenotypic, environmental, and genetic correlations of the observed traits with BRD ranged from -0.35 to 0.40, -0.36 to 0.55, and -0.42 to 0.20, respectively. Most correlations were low or negligible. The percentage of carcass bone had moderate genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations with BRD (-0.42, -0.35, and -0.36, respectively). Hot carcass weight and weight of retail cuts had moderate, undesirable phenotypic correlations with BRD (0.37 and 0.40, respectively). Correlations of BRD with LM palatability and ADG were not detected. Low or near zero estimates of genetic correlations infer that selection to reduce BRD in feedlot cattle would have negligible correlated responses on growth, carcass, and meat palatability traits or that selection for those traits will have little effect on BRD susceptibility or resistance. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Gary.Snowder@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1885 EP 1892 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0008 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 190FL UT WOS:000248043600004 PM 17504959 ER PT J AU Huntington, GB Burns, JC Archibeque, SL AF Huntington, G. B. Burns, J. C. Archibeque, S. L. TI Urea metabolism in beef steers grazing Bermudagrass, Caucasian bluestem, or gamagrass pastures varying in plant morphology, protein content, and protein composition SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; urea biosynthesis; Tripsacum dactyloides; Cynodon dactylon; Bothriochloa caucasica ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CRUDE PROTEIN; FRACTIONS; KINETICS; FORAGE; FIBER; SHEEP; HAY AB Pastures of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, BG), Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasica, CBS), and gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides, GG) were evaluated from the perspectives of forage composition, selection during grazing, and N metabolism in beef steers. All pastures were fertilized with 78 kg/ha of N approximately 60 and 30 d before sample collection. In 2000 and 2001, 12 steers (250 kg of BW) were blocked based on BW and then assigned randomly to a replicated, randomized complete block design, with 2 pastures of each forage and 2 steers per pasture. Three other steers with esophageal fistulas were used to collect masticate samples to represent intake preferences. Herbage mass was > 1,900 kg/ha. After at least 14 d of adaptation, urine and blood samples were collected for determination of serum urea N and percentage of urinary N in the form of urea. One steer per pasture (6 steers per year) was infused i.v. with N-15,N-15 urea for 50 h before collecting urine for 6 h to measure urea N enrichment, urea entry rate, urinary urea excretion, gut urea recycling, and return of urea N to the ornithine cycle. The canopy leaf: stem DM ratio differed (P = 0.01) among BG (0.50), CBS (1.01), and GG (4.00). Caucasian bluestem had less CP (% of DM) than GG or BG in the canopy (9.6 vs. 12.0 or 12.3, P = 0.07) and in the masticate (9.8 vs. 14.7 or 13.9, P = 0.04). Bermudagrass had less true protein (% of CP) than CBS or GG in the canopy (72.9 vs. 83.3 or 83.0, P = 0.07) and in the masticate (73.7 vs. 85.8 or 88.0, P = 0.04). Compared with GG and BG, CBS had less serum urea N (10.1 or 12.2 vs. 2.5 mM, P = 0.01), urea entry rate ( 353 or 391 vs. 209 mmol of N/h, P = 0.07), and urinary urea excretion ( 105 or 95 vs. 18 mmol of N/h, P = 0.04), and a greater return of urea N to the ornithine cycle as a proportion of gut urea recycling (0.109 or 0.118 vs. 0.231, P = 0.02). Urea production and recycling in these steers responded more to the N concentration in the grasses than to differences in plant protein fractions. There was no evidence of improved N capture by the steers due to changes in the leaf: stem ratio among the grasses at the herbage mass evaluated. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Huntington, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gerald_Huntington@ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1997 EP 2004 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-597 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 190FL UT WOS:000248043600018 PM 17431040 ER PT J AU Neel, JPS Fontenot, JP Clapham, WM Duckett, SK Felton, EED Scaglia, G Bryan, WB AF Neel, J. P. S. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. M. Duckett, S. K. Felton, E. E. D. Scaglia, G. Bryan, W. B. TI Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: I. Animal performance and carcass characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; beef; carcass; finishing; pasture; stocker ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; BEEF-PRODUCTION; FORAGE SYSTEMS; QUALITY; CATTLE; CONCEPTION; MANAGEMENT; SLAUGHTER; PASTURE AB Angus-crossbred steers (n = 216) were used in a 3-yr study to assess the effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on finishing performance and carcass characteristics. During winter months (December to April) steers were randomly allotted to 3 stocker growth rates: low (0.23 kgmental unit, and year was considered a random effect. Winter stocker phase treatments resulted in differences (P < 0.001) in final BW, ADG, and ultrasound LM area between all treatments for that phase. Pasture-finished cattle had lower (P < 0.001) final BW, ADG, HCW, LM area, fat thickness, KPH, dressing percent, USDA yield grade, and USDA quality grade. Winter stocker treatment influenced (P < 0.05) final BW and HCW, with low and medium being less than high. Steers with low stocker gain had greater (P < 0.05) finishing ADG. Dressing percent was greater (P < 0.001) for high than low, and USDA quality grade was greater (P < 0.05) for high than low and medium. Carcass LM area, fat thickness, KPH, and USDA yield grade were not influenced (P > 0.05) by winter rate of gain. Cattle on low during winter exhibited compensatory gain during finishing but were unable to catch the high group regarding BW or HCW. The USDA quality grade was greater for high than low or medium. Animal performance during the winter stocker period clearly impacts finishing performance, carcass quality and beef production in both pasture-and feedlot-finishing systems, when cattle were finished to an equal-time endpoint.center dot d(-1)), medium (0.45 kg center dot d(-1)), or high (0.68 kg center dot d(-)1). Upon completion of the winter phase, steers were randomly allotted within each stocker treatment to a corn silage-concentrate or pasture finishing system. All steers regardless of finishing treatment were finished to an equal-time endpoint to eliminate confounding of treatments with animal age or seasonal factors. Upon completion of the finishing period, steers were slaughtered in 2 groups (one-half of pasture and one-half of feedlot cattle each time) and carcass data were collected. Winter data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with winter treatment, pen replicate, year, and the winter x year interaction in the model. Finishing performance and carcass data were analyzed in a split-plot design with finishing system in the whole plot, and winter growth rate and winter x finish in the split-plot. Winter treatment mean within finishing replication was the experimental unit, and year was considered a random effect. Winter stocker phase treatments resulted in differences (P < 0.001) in final BW, ADG, and ultrasound LM area between all treatments for that phase. Pasture-finished cattle had lower (P < 0.001) final BW, ADG, HCW, LM area, fat thickness, KPH, dressing percent, USDA yield grade, and USDA quality grade. Winter stocker treatment influenced (P < 0.05) final BW and HCW, with low and medium being less than high. Steers with low stocker gain had greater (P < 0.05) finishing ADG. Dressing percent was greater (P < 0.001) for high than low, and USDA quality grade was greater (P < 0.05) for high than low and medium. Carcass LM area, fat thickness, KPH, and USDA yield grade were not influenced (P > 0.05) by winter rate of gain. Cattle on low during winter exhibited compensatory gain during finishing but were unable to catch the high group regarding BW or HCW. The USDA quality grade was greater for high than low or medium. Animal performance during the winter stocker period clearly impacts finishing performance, carcass quality and beef productin in both pasture- and feedlot-finishing systems, when cattle were finished to an equal-time endpoint. C1 Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Neel, JPS (reprint author), Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jim.Neel@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2012 EP 2018 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-735 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 190FL UT WOS:000248043600020 PM 17468429 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Geary, TW Short, RE MacNeil, MD AF Grings, E. E. Geary, T. W. Short, R. E. MacNeil, M. D. TI Beef heifer development within three calving systems SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef heifer; calving date; weaning ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; CALF PERFORMANCE; PUBERTY; WEIGHT; GROWTH; GAIN; AGE; MANAGEMENT; CATTLE AB A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of calving system, weaning age, and postweaning management on growth and reproduction in beef heifers. Heifer calves (n = 676) born in late winter (average birth date = February 7 +/- 9 d) or early spring (average birth date April 3 +/- 10 d) were weaned at 190 or 240 d of age, and heifers born in late spring (average birth date May 29 +/- 10 d) were weaned at 140 or 190 d of age. Heifers were managed to be first exposed to breeding at approximately 14 mo of age. After weaning, the calves were randomly assigned to treatments. Heifers on the constant gain treatment were fed a corn silage- and hay-based diet. Heifers on delayed gain treatments were placed on pasture but were fed grass hay or a supplement, or both, depending on the forage conditions. Three months before their respective breeding seasons, delayed gain heifers were moved to drylot and fed a corn silage- and barley-based diet (late winter or early spring) or moved to spring rangeland (late spring). The data were analyzed using mixed model procedures with calving system, weaning age, and postweaning management options creating 12 treatments. Average daily gain was 0.36 +/- 0.05 (SED) kg/d less (P < 0.001) for delayed gain heifers during the initial phase, whereas these heifers gained 0.44 +/- 0.03 kg/d more (P < 0.001) than constant gain heifers during the last 90 d before breeding. Body weights at the beginning of the breeding season did not differ (P = 0.97) between constant gain and delayed gain heifers but were affected by calving system and weaning age, reflecting some of the differences in initial BW. Prebreeding BW for heifers weaned at 190 d of age were 36 +/- 6.4 kg heavier (P < 0.001) for those born in late winter and early spring compared with late spring and were 388, 372, and 330 kg for heifers weaned in October at 240, 190, or 140 d of age (linear effect, P < 0.001). The proportion of heifers exhibiting luteal activity at the beginning of the breeding season was not affected (P = 0.57) by treatment. Approximately half of the heifers were randomly selected for breeding. Treatment had no effect (P = 0.64) on pregnancy rates. In conclusion, heifers from varied calving systems and weaning strategies can be raised to breeding using either constant or delayed gain strategies without affecting the percentage of heifers cycling at the beginning of the breeding season. These results suggest that producers have multiple options for management of heifer calves within differing calving systems. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM elaine.grings@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2048 EP 2058 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-758 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 190FL UT WOS:000248043600024 PM 17468421 ER PT J AU Oliver, CE Bauer, ML Caton, JS Anderson, RC Smith, DJ AF Oliver, C. E. Bauer, M. L. Caton, J. S. Anderson, R. C. Smith, D. J. TI The in vitro reduction of sodium [Cl-36] chlorate in bovine ruminal fluid SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; chlorate; ruminal fluid ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BACTERIAL PERCHLORATE DEGRADATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BEEF-CATTLE; SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLISM; (PER)CHLORATE; POPULATIONS; RESIDUES; GUT AB Sodium chlorate effectively reduces or eliminates gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of live cattle. Limitations to the in vivo efficacy of chlorate are its rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and its presumed reduction to chloride within the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that chlorate would be reduced via ruminal bacteria in a ruminal in vitro system and that the reduction of chlorate would be influenced by the dietary forage: concentrate ratio; thus, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were fed 20 or 80% concentrate diets in a crossover design. Ruminal fluid was collected in 2 periods and dispensed into in vitro tubes containing sodium [Cl-36] chlorate, which was sufficient for 100 or 300 mg/L final chlorate concentrations. The tubes were incubated for 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, or 24 h; autoclaved, control ruminal fluid, fortified with sodium [Cl-36] chlorate, was incubated for 24 h. Chlorate remaining in each sample was measured by liquid scintillation counting after [Cl-36] chloride was precipitated with silver nitrate. A preliminary study indicated that chlorite, a possible intermediate in the reduction of chlorate, had a half-life of approximately 4.5 min in freshly collected (live) ruminal fluid; chlorite was, therefore, not specifically measured in ruminal incubations. The chlorate dose did not affect in vitro DM digestion (P = 0.11), whereas in vitro DM digestibility was decreased ( P = 0.05) by 80% forage content. By 24 h, 57.5 +/- 2.6% of the chlorate remained in 100-mg/L incubations, whereas 78.2 +/- 2.6% of the chlorate remained in the 300-mg/L incubations. When the data were expressed on a concentration basis (mg/L), diet had no effect (P = 0.18) on chlorate reduction; however, when chlorate reduction was expressed on a percentage basis, chlorate reduction tended to be greater (P = 0.09) at 8 and 16 h in the incubations containing the low-concentrate diet. Chlorate remaining in autoclaved controls at 24 h was intermediate (P < 0.01) between chlorate remaining in live ruminal fluid samples incubated for 0 or 24 h. Attempts to isolate chlorate-respiring bacteria from 2 sources of ruminal fluid were not successful. These data indicate that microbial-dependent or chemical-dependent, or both, reduction of chlorate occurs in bovine ruminal fluid and that dietary concentrate had a negligible effect on chlorate reduction. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2059 EP 2068 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0056 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 190FL UT WOS:000248043600025 PM 17504966 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Tsvetanova, B AF Price, Neil P. J. Tsvetanova, Billyana TI Biosynthesis of the tunicamycins: A review SO JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS LA English DT Review DE tunicamycin; biosynthesis; glycosylation; carbohydrate; peptidoglycan ID NUCLEOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC NIKKOMYCIN; DTDP-GLUCOSE 4,6-DEHYDRATASE; UDP-GLCNAC; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYNTHASE; STREPTOVIRUDINS; IDENTIFICATION; CORYNETOXINS AB Tunicamycins are nucleotide sugar analogs produced by several Streptomyces species. In eukaryotes, tunicamycins inhibit UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: dolichol phosphate GlcNAc-l-P transferase (GPT) that catalyzes the first step in protein glycosylation. In bacteria they inhibit UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide: undecaprenol phosphate MurNAc-pentapeptide-l-P transtransferase (MraY) that catalyzes an early stage in peptidoglycan cell wall assembly. Tunicamycins are substrate analog of GPT and MraY, such that the alpha,beta-1 '',11'-linked GlcNAc residue of the tunicamycins mimics the transferred GlcNAc-1-phosphate. The unusual structure of tunicamycins, particularly the unique 11-carbon sugar, tunicamine, and the alpha,beta-1 '',11'-O-glycosidic linkage, suggest its biosynthesis to be unique. This review discusses potential biosyntheses for tunicamycins via the synthesis and conjugation of uridine-5'-aldehyde and UDP-4-keto-N-acetylgalactos-amine-5,6-ene and the subsequent formation of the alpha,beta-1 '',11' glycosidic linkage. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Scripps Res Inst, TSRI, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU JAPAN ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH ASSOC PI TOKYO PA 2 20 8 KAMIOSAKI SHINAGAWA KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0021-8820 J9 J ANTIBIOT JI J. Antibiot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 60 IS 8 BP 485 EP 491 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 206GK UT WOS:000249171700001 PM 17827659 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Esquivel, JF Bell, AA AF Medrano, E. G. Esquivel, J. F. Bell, A. A. TI Transmission of cotton seed and boll rotting bacteria by the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula L.) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial plant pathogen; cotton pests; insect vector; opportunistic infections; piercing/sucking insects ID PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; HETEROPTERA; YIELD AB Aims: To determine the ability of the southern green stink bug (SGSB) (Nezara viridula L.) to transmit Pantoea agglomerans into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) bolls. Methods and Results: An SGSB laboratory colony was kept on fresh green beans. A P. agglomerans variant resistant to rifampicin (Rio (strain Sc 1-R) was used as the opportunistic cotton pathogen. Adult insects were individually provided green beans that were sterilized and then soaked in either sterile water or in a suspension of strain Sc 1-R. Insects were individually caged with an unopened greenhouse-grown cotton boll. After 2 days, live SGSB were collected, surfaced sterilized, ground, serially diluted, and then plated on nonselective media and media amended with Rif. Exterior and interior evidence of feeding on bolls was recorded 2 weeks after exposure to insects. Seed and lint tissue were harvested, ground, serially diluted, and then plated on media with and without Rif Bacteria were recovered on nonselective media from all insects, and from seed and lint with signs of insect feeding at concentrations ranging from 10(2) to 10(9) CFU g(-1) tissue. The Sc 1-R strain was isolated only from insects exposed to the marked strain and from seed and lint of respective bolls showing signs of insect feeding. Evidence of insect feeding on the exterior wall of the carpel was not always apparent (47%), whereas feeding was always observed (100%) on the interior wall in association with bacterial infections of seed and lint. Conclusions: Nezara viridula readily ingested the opportunistic P. agglomerans strain Sc 1-R and transmitted it into unopened cotton bolls. Infections by the transmitted Sc 1-R strain caused rotting of the entire locule that masked internal carpel wounds incurred by insect feeding. Bacteria were recovered from penetration points by insects not exposed to the pathogen, but locule damage was limited to the area surrounding the feeding site (c. 3 mm). Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study that demonstrates the ability of SGSB to acquire and transmit plant pathogenic bacteria into cotton bolls. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Medrano, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, 2765 R&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM gmedrano@cpru.usda.gov NR 18 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 103 IS 2 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672,2006.03262.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 201QD UT WOS:000248846800020 PM 17650204 ER PT J AU Roth, GA Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Roth, G. A. Whitford, W. G. Steinberger, Y. TI Jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) herbivory changes dominance in desertified Chihuahuan - Desert ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE browsing; compensatory growth; creosotebush; Flourensia cernua; Larrea tridentata; preferential feeding; tarbush ID LARREA-TRIDENTATA; VEGETATION; CREOSOTEBUSH; MAMMALS; DIETS; UTAH AB This study addressed the question: can herbivory by a medium size herbivore, black-tail jackrabbits (Lepus calfornicus), change dominance in desertified ecosystems dominated by two species of shrubs. Shrubs that were pruned by jackrabbits in plant communities dominated by creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) and tarbush (Flourensia cernua) were compared to shrubs not browsed by the rabbits. In the mixed shrub area, herbivory on F cernua resulted in death of 46.6% of the shrubs, compared to only 4.8% of L. tridentata shrubs. There was no evidence of jackrabbit browsing of dead E cernua in a tarbush monoculture area. The canopy volumes of F cernua plants that survived repeated browsing were significantly smaller than predicted based on unbrowsed plants with the same basal stern areas. Jackrabbit browsing resulted in increased canopy volume of creosotebush shrubs. Creosotebush average canopy volume significantly exceeded predicted values because of compensatory growth of stems from nodes below the severed point. Close spatial association of lightly browsed creosotebushes with heavily browsed tarbush may be a factor contributing to low utilization of creosotebush steins by jackrabbits. Differential browsing by the rabbits is shifting these ecosystems toward an L. tridentata monoculture. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, JER, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, IL-52100 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, JER, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wlawhit@zianet.com NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179KR UT WOS:000247288900003 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Miller, RF AF Davies, K. W. Bates, J. D. Miller, R. F. TI Environmental and vegetation relationships of the Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis alliance SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE wyoming big sagebrush; vegetation cover; vegetation structure; soil characteristics; composition ID BIG SAGEBRUSH; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL PROPERTIES; GREAT-BASIN; WOODLANDS; JUNIPER AB The Artemisia tridentata spp. wyorningensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh alliance is the most extensive of the big sagebrush complex in the Intermountain West and is characterized by a wide range of environments and vegetation heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to identify environmental factors driving variation in plant species composition and determine the potential for using environmental factors to explain vegetation characteristics of the A. tridentata spp. wyorningensis alliance. Seventeen environmental factors and seven vegetation response variables were measured on 107 relatively undisturbed, late seral A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis sites across southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to identify environmental factors correlated with plant species composition as indexed by canopy cover. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to develop models correlating plant cover and structural characteristics with environmental factors. Vegetation composition variation appears to be driven by soil characteristics. Canopy cover of perennial grasses and forbs was moderately correlated with direct incident radiation and soil characteristics, particularly soil texture in the upper 15 cm of the profile. Total herbaceous cover variation was better explained by environmental factors (soil water-holding capacity, incident radiation, depth to Bt horizon, and percent sand in the upper 15 cm. of the soil profile) (P < 0.0001, R(2) = 0.52) than any other vegetation characteristic. Vegetation structural characteristics (e,g. sagebrush height, canopy volume and canopy cover, density, and plant visual obstruction) exhibited weak or no relationships with measured environmental variables. Limited correlation among environmental factors and some vegetation characteristics was likely due to the large ecological amplitudes and ecotypic variations expressed by many of the plant species in the sagebrush steppe. This study expands our understanding of the A. tridentata spp. ivyorningensis alliance and elucidates the complexity of environmental-vegetation relationships. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 478 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.010 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179KR UT WOS:000247288900007 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Jackson, E AF Whitford, W. G. Jackson, E. TI Seed harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) as "pulse" predators SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Beameria vanosa; foraging ecology; grass cicadas AB Seed harvesting ants, Pogonoinvrinex rugosus, collected grass cicadas at a high rate (>5min-1 taken into the nest) at one location where cicada emergence exceeded 3 m(-2). Dry conditions in the winter-spring resulted in no annual plants in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. P. rugosus colonies were inactive in areas where grass cicada emergence was less than 1 m(-2). P. rugosus initiate intense predatory activity in response to pulse of large numbers of prey. This study demonstrates that predatory behavior of seed harvesting ants is not limited to incidental encounters with prey during seed harvesting activities. Pulse predation demonstrates the importance of protein to seed harvester ant colonies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.005 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179KR UT WOS:000247288900012 ER PT J AU Young, JL Woerderman, DL Selling, GW AF Young, Jennifer L. Woerderman, Dara L. Selling, Gordon W. TI Multifaceted and emerging research on renewable materials SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE renewable materials; renewable feedstocks; biofuels; biomass; biobased; sustainability; green chemistry; green engineering; green technology; environmental; cellulosic ethanol; renewable plastics; renewable chemicals; biomedical; biosensors; biotextiles; biocomposites; ethanol; polylactic acid; biopolymers; India; Brazil C1 [Selling, Gordon W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Young, Jennifer L.] Amer Chem Soc, ACS Green Chem Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Woerderman, Dara L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Woerderman, Dara L.] R&D Green Mat LLC, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DS UT WOS:000253339900001 ER PT J AU Shogren, R Gonzalez, S Willett, JL Graiver, D Swift, G AF Shogren, Randal Gonzalez, Sergio Willett, J. L. Graiver, Daniel Swift, Graham TI Preparation of sorbitol citrate polyesters by reactive extrusion and application as inhibitors of calcium carbonate precipitation SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE sorbitol; citric acid; antiscalant; extrusion ID ACID; POLYCARBOXYLATES; BIODEGRADABILITY AB Sorbitol citrates were prepared using a vented ZSK-30 twin-screw extruder as part of a program to develop bio-based, water soluble polycarboxylates. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used and included the composition variables sorbitol, citric acid, sodium citrate, and process variables temperature and feed rate. Extent of ester formation increased with increasing sorbitol, temperature and with decreasing feed rate. Weight average molecular weights by light scattering ranged from 1000 to 26,000 and increased with lower sodium, lower feed rates, and higher temperatures. Sorbitol citrates inhibited crystallization of supersaturated CaCO3 and this activity increased with increasing citric acid content and increasing extent of reaction/molecular weight. This work indicates that reactive extrusion is an efficient and practical method to prepare low molecular weight, water soluble sorbitol citrate polyesters without added solvent and that these could function as antiscalants in detergents and other applications. Although the preparation of sorbitol citrate polyesters has been reported previously, water or other solvents were used to dissolve and mix the reactants. During reaction, such solvents need to be removed and this added considerably to the energy and cost requirements of the process. In addition, this is the first time that molecular weights and inhibition of mineral precipitation were reported for sorbitol citrates. C1 [Shogren, Randal; Gonzalez, Sergio; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Graiver, Daniel] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Graiver, Daniel; Swift, Graham] Foliac Inc, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Shogren, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.027 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DS UT WOS:000253339900007 ER PT J AU Woods, KK Selling, GW AF Woods, Kristen Kruger Selling, Gordon W. TI Improved tensile strength of zein films using glyoxal as a crosslinking reagent SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE zein; glyoxal; formaldehyde; methylglyoxal; crosslinking reagent; tensile strength; elongation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN FILMS; GLUTARALDEHYDE; FORMALDEHYDE AB The effect of crosslinking reagents glyoxal, methylglyoxal and formaldehyde on physical properties of zein films was studied. Zein was solubilized in 90% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and the pH was adjusted with either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Crosslinking reagents were added to give 0.3, 1, 3 and 6% (w/w by zein weight), with the reactions carried out at 60 degrees C. Triethylene glycol was added as a plasticizer. Films were cast and dried at room temperature, with cut bars stored at 50% and 70% relative humidity before testing. Films crosslinked with glyoxal and formaldehyde showed a significant increase in tensile strength under certain pH conditions. Films of glyoxal reactions conducted at basic pH gave the highest overall tensile strength, with a 52% increase compared to the control film. Formaldehyde films had improved tensile strength when reacted at acidic or neutral pH. Methylglyoxal had no effect on the tensile strength of zein films. Zein films crosslinked with glyoxal or formaldehyde were found to swell, rather than degrade, when placed in three compatible solvents. Films crosslinked with glyoxal were resistant to boiling water. Denaturing gel electrophoresis of glyoxal and formaldehyde reactions showed the presence of high molecular weight moieties when compared to control reactions. C1 [Woods, Kristen Kruger; Selling, Gordon W.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Woods, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.033 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DS UT WOS:000253339900013 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Oliver, JE Shifflet, T Smith, CL Dively, GP AF Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Oliver, James E. Shifflet, Tanya Smith, Caroline L. Dively, Galen P. TI Semiochemical investigations of the insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE minute pirate bug; octadienal; octenal; sex pheromone; trail pheromone; Heteroptera; Anthocoridae; Hemiptera ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; OVIPOSITION-DETERRING PHEROMONE; NEZARA-VIRIDULA HETEROPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; BENEFICIAL INSECTS; APHIDOPHAGOUS COCCINELLIDS; PATCH QUALITY; LARVAL TRACKS; ANTHOCORIDAE; PENTATOMIDAE AB Females of the insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), produce a volatile sex pheromone and a non-volatile trail pheromone. The sex pheromone consists of the female-specific compound, (E)-2,7-octadienal, and a compound emitted by both sexes, (E)-2-octenal. A synthetic blend of octadienal and octenal weakly, but significantly, attracted O. insidiosus males to sticky traps in the field. The trail pheromone is somehow deposited by O. insidiosus females on the substrate as they walk, and, once contacted, stimulates conspecific adults to search in the vicinity. O. insidiosus males most likely respond to the trail pheromone as the ultimate means to locate potential mates, whereas the benefit of females responding to the trail pheromone may be that this signal acts as a cue indicating the likelihood of finding nearby prey. The O. insidiosus trail pheromone compounds were not identified. The volatile and non-volatile pheromones of O. insidiosus, along with prior research demonstrating that Orius and other anthocorids frequently exploit prey-associated odors as kairomones that guide their foraging, highlight the extent to which the minute pirate bugs use chemical communication. The semiochemistry of the Anthocoridae, particularly their reliance on non-volatile pheromones and kairomones, reinforces the emerging realization that other terrestrial heteropterans also substantially communicate via contact chemoreception, although this communicative channel has not been thoroughly investigated. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Bldg 007,Room 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1477 EP 1493 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9317-y PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195ME UT WOS:000248415500001 PM 17597342 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Jang, EB Carvalho, LA Nagata, JT Schneider, EL El-Sayed, AM AF Suckling, D. M. Jang, E. B. Carvalho, L. A. Nagata, J. T. Schneider, E. L. El-Sayed, A. M. TI Can Menage-A-Trois be used for controlling insects? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating disruption; attractants; methyl eugenol; cuelure; fruit flies ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; MALE MELON FLIES; BACTROCERA-DORSALIS; CUE-LURE; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB We propose a new cross-species disruption approach that might be capable of interrupting mating of one species that uses another insect species as the mercenary agent. We argue that insects treated with a sufficiently powerful attractant for a second species might interfere with mating of one or both species, for example, by leading males astray in pursuit of the false trails created by suitably dosing individuals of the first species. Our reciprocal test systems used (1) methyl eugenol, an attractant for male oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis), applied to melon flies (B. cucurbitae) and (2) cuelure, a lure for male melon flies, applied to B. dorsalis. There was no mortality 1 week after either attractant was applied to individual flies at doses up to 100 ng, which was effective in attracting insects in a field cage and in the field. In wind tunnel choice tests, 100 ng of either lure topically applied to tethered flies attracted fruit fly males of the second species, which exhibited prolonged bouts of physically disruptive behaviors including chasing and bumping. In small cages, treatment of males did not reduce mating of either species, with one group of three (menage) per cage. However, in large field cages with multiple pairs of both species present, there was a significant reduction in the mating of melon flies resulting from methyl eugenol applied to males compared to untreated controls. The treatment of oriental fruit flies with cuelure also reduced their mating to a lesser extent. These results do not yet provide the practical proof of this new concept for pest management, but other model systems may be more appropriate. This work is novel in presenting attractants on a moving target, in this case, another insect species. C1 Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, POB 51, Lincoln, New Zealand. EM msuckling@hortresearch.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1494 EP 1504 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9327-9 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195ME UT WOS:000248415500002 PM 17619106 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT Shepherd, WP Pureswaran, DS Tashiro, T Mori, K AF Sullivan, Brian T. Shepherd, William P. Pureswaran, Deepa S. Tashiro, Takuya Mori, Kenji TI Evidence that (+)-endo-brevicomin is a male-produced component of the southern pine beetle aggregation pheromone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractant; synergist; bark beetle; GC-EAD; Scolytinae; semiochemical; sexual dimorphism; aggregation pheromone; Coleoptera ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; PONDEROSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; ENDO-BREVICOMIN; BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; BARK BEETLES; SCOLYTIDAE; ENANTIOMERS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; CURCULIONIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Previous research indicated that the aggregation pheromone of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, is produced only by females, the sex that initiates attacks. We provide evidence indicating that secondarily arriving males augment mass aggregation by releasing the attractive synergist (+)-endo-brevicomin. Healthy pines artificially infested with both sexes of D. frontalis were significantly more attractive to conspecifics than trees infested solely with females. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of volatiles isolated from male beetles revealed substantially greater olfactory sensitivity by D. frontalis to endo-brevicomin than to any other component. The threshold of detection of both sexes for (+)-endo-brevicomin was four orders of magnitude lower than for its antipode and at least one order of magnitude lower than for either enantiomer of frontalin, the major female-produced aggregation pheromone component. Pairing with a female in a gallery stimulated individual male beetles to produce hundreds of nanograms of (+)-endo-brevicomin. (+)-endo-Brevicomin was detected in a small percentage of female D. frontalis, whereas (-)-endo-brevicomin was never detected in either sex. In field trapping bioassays, we confirmed that (+)-endo-brevicomin is a potent synergist for attractive combinations of frontalin and pine turpentine. However, (+)-endo-brevicomin failed to attract D. frontalis either when presented alone or in combination with turpentine. We postulate that mass colonization of host trees by D. frontalis is mediated by distinct semiochemicals from both sexes rather than females alone. Our discovery of a key aggregation pheromone component in such an apparently well-studied species implies that the pheromone models of other bark beetles could benefit from systematic reexamination using newer technologies. Additionally, baits fortified with (+)-endo-brevicomin may enhance pest management strategies that exploit attractants for D. frontalis. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RIKEN, Res Ctr Allergies & Immunol, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130023, Japan. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM briansullivan@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1527 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9336-8 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195ME UT WOS:000248415500004 PM 17629772 ER PT J AU Quan, PL Palacios, G Jabado, OJ Conlan, S Hirschberg, DL Pozo, F Jack, PJM Cisterna, D Renwick, N Hui, J Drysdale, A Amos-Ritchie, R Baumeister, E Savy, V Lager, KM Richt, JA Boyle, DB Garcia-Sastre, A Casas, I Perez-Brena, P Briese, T Lipkin, WI AF Quan, Phenix-Lan Palacios, Gustavo Jabado, Omar J. Conlan, Sean Hirschberg, David L. Pozo, Francisco Jack, Philippa J. M. Cisterna, Daniel Renwick, Neil Hui, Jeffrey Drysdale, Andrew Amos-Ritchie, Rachel Baumeister, Elsa Savy, Vilma Lager, Kelly M. Richt, Juergen A. Boyle, David B. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Casas, Inmaculada Perez-Brena, Pilar Briese, Thomas Lipkin, W. Ian TI Detection of respiratory viruses and subtype identification of influenza a viruses by GreeneChipResp oligonucleotide microarray SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYME HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; REAL-TIME PCR; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; PATHOGENS; SAMPLES AB Acute respiratory infections are significant causes of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. An accurate, early differential diagnosis may alter individual clinical management as well as facilitate the recognition of outbreaks that have implications for public health. Here we report on the establishment and validation of a comprehensive and sensitive microarray system for detection of respiratory viruses and subtyping of influenza viruses in clinical materials. Implementation of a set of influenza virus enrichment primers facilitated subtyping of influenza A viruses through the differential recognition of hemagglutinins 1 through 16 and neuraminidases 1 through 9. Twenty-one different respiratory virus species were accurately characterized, including a recently identified novel genetic clade of rhinovirus. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, New York, NY 10032 USA. Stanford Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA USA. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid, Spain. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, 722 W 168th St,Room 1801, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil2001@columbia.edu RI Jabado, Omar/B-3406-2008; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; Conlan, Sean/B-4401-2008; OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Conlan, Sean/0000-0001-6848-3465; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Casas, Inmaculada/0000-0003-1840-1198 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL083850-01, R01 HL083850]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI056118, AI062705, AI51292, AI55466, R01 AI051292, R21 AI055466, R21 AI056118, U01 AI070411, U01AI070411, U54 AI057158, U54AI57158, UC1 AI062705] NR 35 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2359 EP 2364 DI 10.1128/JCM.00737-07 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200WK UT WOS:000248793300002 PM 17553978 ER PT J AU Thomas, NJ Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Cole, RA Meteyer, CU AF Thomas, N. J. Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, D. S. Cole, R. A. Meteyer, C. U. TI Protozoal meningoencephalitis in sea otters (Enhydra lutris): a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of naturally occurring cases SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; sea otter; immunohistochemistry; meningoencephalitis; Sarcocystis neurona; Toxoplasma gondii ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; WASHINGTON-STATE; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PROCYON-LOTOR; TISSUE CYSTS; NEREIS AB Protozoal meningoencephalitis is considered to be all important cause of mortality, in the California sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Thirty nine of 344 (11.3%) California (CA) and Washington state (WA) sea otters examined front 1985 to 2004 had histopathological evidence of significant protozoal meningoencephalitis. The aetiological agents and histopathological changes associated with these protozoal infections are described. The morphology of the actively multiplicative life stages of the organisms (tachyzoites for Toxoplasma gondii and merozoites for Sarcocystis neurona) and immunohistochemical labelling were used to identify infection with S. neurona (n = 22, 56.4%) T. gondii (n = 57 12.8%) or dual infection with both organisms (n = 12, 30.8%). Active S. neurona was present in all dual infections. while most had only the latent form of T. gondii. In S. neurona meningoencephalitis, multifocal to diffuse gliosis vas widespread in grey matter and consistently present in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Ill T gondii meningoencephalitis, discrete foci of gliosis and malacia were more widely separated, sometimes incorporated pigment-laden macrophages and mineral, and were found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. Quiescent tissue cysts of T. gondii were considered to be incidental and not a cause of clinical disease and mortality. Protozoal meningoencephalitis was diagnosed more frequently in the expanding population of WA sea otters (10 of 31, 32.3%) than in the declining C A population (29 of 313, 9.3%). Among sea otters with protozoal memingoencephalitis, those that had displayed neurological signs prior to death had active S. neurona encephalitis, supporting, the conclusion that S. neurona is the most significant protozoal pathogen in the central nervous system of sea otters. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Thomas, NJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM nancy.thomas@usgs.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG-OCT PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2-3 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.05.001 PG 20 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 215NV UT WOS:000249817200003 PM 17692867 ER PT J AU Quigley, JD Wolfe, TA Elsasser, TH AF Quigley, J. D. Wolfe, T. A. Elsasser, T. H. TI Letter to the editor: A response to the comments of Borderas et al. (2007) SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CALVES FED MILK; BODY-COMPOSITION; DAIRY CALVES; GROWTH; REPLACER; PIGS; PERFORMANCE C1 Diamond V Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA 52407 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Quigley, JD (reprint author), Diamond V Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA 52407 USA. EM jquigley@diamondv.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3569 EP 3571 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0343 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500002 ER PT J AU Wenz, JR Jensen, SM Lombard, JE Wagner, BA Dinsmore, RP AF Wenz, J. R. Jensen, S. M. Lombard, J. E. Wagner, B. A. Dinsmore, R. P. TI Herd management practices and their association with bulk tank somatic cell count on united states dairy operations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bulk tank somatic cell count; mastitis; management ID CLINICAL MASTITIS; MILK; IMPROVEMENT; QUALITY; OHIO AB The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) and herd management practices using data collected in the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 study. Twenty- six percent and 17.8% of 1,013 operations reported a BTSCC < 200,000 cells/mL and > 400,000 cells/mL, respectively. Univariate analysis identified associations between management variables and BTSCC. The use of mattresses, sand, and newspaper as bedding were all associated with a lower BTSCC. Primary lactating cow housing facility, outside maternity housing area, flooring type cows walk or stand on, and use of automatic take- offs were also associated with BTSCC. Multivariate associations between management variables and BTSCC were determined by backward elimination ordinal logistic regression. The odds of an operation from the West, Midwest, and Northeast having a high BTSCC were lower than those from the Southeast. The odds of a higher BTSCC were 2 times greater for operations with a rolling herd average milk production < 9,090 kg/cow per year compared with those with = 9,090 kg/cow per year. Operations using composted manure were 2.9 times more likely to have a higher BTSCC than those not using composted manure. Finally, operations that reported not using a coliform mastitis vaccine were 1.7 times more likely to have a higher BTSCC than those using one. Future studies of the association between management practices and BTSCC should include an evaluation of the quality of management practice application and herd prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens. Significant variables identified in this study dealt with housing, use of composted manure for bedding, and coliform mastitis vaccine use, suggesting the effect of environmental mastitis pathogens may be more influential on BTSCC than previously thought. C1 Colorado State Univ, Integrat Livestock Management, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wenz, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Integrat Livestock Management, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3652 EP 3659 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-592 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500014 PM 17638976 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, LT Cerosaletti, PE Veith, TL Rotz, CA Hamlett, JM Gburek, WJ AF Ghebremichael, L. T. Cerosaletti, P. E. Veith, T. L. Rotz, C. A. Hamlett, J. M. Gburek, W. J. TI Economic and phosphorus-related effects of precision feeding and forage management at a farm scale SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forage management; phosphorus; precision; feeding; simulation ID DAIRY FARMS; LAND; IMPACT; WATER; MODEL; SOIL AB Structural best management practices were implemented throughout the Cannonsville Reservoir Watershed (CRW) in an effort to reduce P losses to the reservoir. Yet long-term water quality control efforts within CRW are hindered by continuous P build-up in the soils resulting from dairy farm P imports exceeding exports. Addressing the P imbalance problems and maintaining economic viability of the farms requires a system-level redesign of farm management. One possible innovative strategy, precision feed management (PFM), reduces soil-P build-up by limiting feed and fertilizer purchases, and increasing high- quality homegrown forage production. This study applied the integrated farm system model (IFSM) to 2 CRW dairy farms to quantify the benefits of a PFM farm planning strategy in controlling P imbalance problems, and maintaining farm profitability and reducing off- farm P losses. The IFSM accurately simulated the 2 farms based on farm data supplied by farm planners; these scenarios were used as the baseline conditions. The IFSM simulations of more accurate feeding of P (based on P required in animal diets) integrated with increased productivity of grassforage and increased proportion of forage in the diet reduced the P imbalance of 1 farm from 5.3 to 0.5 kg/ha and from 9.6 to 0.0 kg/ha for the second farm. For both farms, soluble P lost to the environment was reduced by 18%. Feed supplement purchases declined by 7.5 kg/ cow per year for dietary mineral P, and by 1.04 and 1.29 t/cow per year for protein concentrates through adoption of the PFM system. Moreover, when a land management practice of converting corn to grass was coupled with the precision feeding of P and improved forage management, IFSM predicted reductions of 5.8 and 9.3 kg/ ha of converted land sediment-bound P in erosion loss each year. The model predicted slight purchase increases in corn grain to offset reductions in corn silage production and feeding rates, but no appreciable change in the farm P balance due to land conversion. The model-based studies conducted on a farm-by-farm basis complement farm planning efforts in exploring innovative farming systems. Moreover, the results set a benchmark for potential benefits of PFM strategies, economically and environmentally. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Cooperat Extens Delaware Cty, Hamden, NY 13782 USA. USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ghebremichael, LT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ltg106@psu.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011; Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3700 EP 3715 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-836 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500019 PM 17638981 ER PT J AU Dematawewa, CMB Pearson, RE VanRaden, PM AF Dematawewa, C. M. B. Pearson, R. E. VanRaden, P. M. TI Modeling extended lactations of Holsteins SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; Holsteins; lactation curve; modeling ID DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; FEMALE FERTILITY; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; FRIESIAN COWS; MAMMARY-GLAND; CURVES; REGRESSION AB Modeling extended lactations for the US Holsteins is useful because a majority (>55%) of the cows in the present population produce lactations longer than 305 d. In this study, 9 empirical and mechanistic models were compared for their suitability for modeling 305-d and 999-d lactations of US Holsteins. A pooled data set of 4,266,597 test-day yields from 427,657 ( 305- d complete) lactation records from the AIPL-USDA database was used for model fitting. The empirical models included Wood (WD), Wilmink (WIL), Rook (RK), monophasic (MONO), diphasic (DIPH), and lactation persistency (LPM) functions; Dijkstra (DJ), Pollott (POL), and new- multiphasic (MULT) models comprised the mechanistic counterparts. Each model was separately tested on 305-d (>280 days in milk) and 999- d (>800 days in milk) lactations for cows in first parity and those in third and greater parities. All models were found to produce a significant fit for all 4 scenarios (2 parity groups and 2 lactation lengths). However, the resulting parameter estimates for the 4 scenarios were different. All models except MONO, DIPH, and LPM yielded residuals with absolute values smaller than 2 kg for the entire period of the 305-d lactations. For the extended lactations, the prediction errors were larger. However, the RK, DJ, POL, and MULT models were able to predict daily yield within a +/- 3 kg range for the entire 999-period. The POL and MULT models (having 6 and 12 parameters, respectively) produced the lowest mean square error and Bayesian information criteria values, although the differences from the other models were small. Conversely, POL and MULT were often associated with poor convergence and highly correlated, unreliable, or biologically atypical parameter estimates. Considering the computational problems of large mechanistic models and the relative predictive ability of the other models, smaller models such as RK, DJ, and WD were recommended as sufficient for modeling extended lactations unless mechanistic details on the extended curves are needed. The recommended models were also satisfactory in describing fat and protein yields of 305d and 999-d lactations of all parities. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dematawewa, CMB (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM mahinda@vt.edu NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3924 EP 3936 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-790 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500042 PM 17639004 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL VanRaden, PM Miglior, F de Jong, G AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Powell, R. L. VanRaden, P. M. Miglior, F. de Jong, G. TI Consistency of maturity rate for milk yield across countries and generations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; maturity rate; milk yield; parity ID 1ST; LACTATIONS; DAUGHTERS; SELECTION; RECORDS; BULLS AB Differences among bulls in maturity rate of their daughters for milk yield were investigated. Milk records for US Holsteins with first-parity calving dates between 1960 and 1998 were used to calculate 3 evaluations for bulls based on daughter records from parity 1, parities 1 and 2, and parities 1, 2, and 3. The 3 evaluations were used to estimate parity-specific evaluations for parities 2 and 3. Maturity rate of Holstein bull daughters in Canada and the Netherlands was compared with that for daughters of the same bulls in the United States by using official November 2004 Canadian and August 2005 Dutch parity-specific evaluations. For bulls with >= 500 first-parity daughters, correlations among parity-specific evaluations within country and birth year of bull were 0.88 between parities 1 and 2, 0.84 between parities 1 and 3, and 0.96 between parities 2 and 3 for the United States; 0.90, 0.86, and 0.97, respectively, for Canada; and 0.92, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively, for the Netherlands. Correlations between Canada and the United States for within-country differences between evaluations for parities 1 and 2 were 0.72 for bulls with >= 50 first-parity daughters and 0.89 for bulls with >= 500 first-parity daughters; corresponding correlations between the Netherlands and the United States were 0.66 and 0.82. Correlations between countries for differences between evaluations for parities 1 and 3 were slightly less, and corresponding correlations between evaluations for parities 2 and 3 were still lower. To establish whether differences between parity- specific evaluations were genetic, comparisons were made across a generation. Coefficients for regression of son on sire within country and birth years of sire and son for parity-specific evaluations and differences between parity-specific evaluations ranged from 0.35 to 0.53, with standard errors of >= 0.04. Differences in maturity rate of bull daughters were quite consistent across country, and those differences were transmitted to the sons' daughters. Modeling to account for maturity differences should increase the accuracy of US evaluations and reduce fluctuation between evaluations, especially for bulls with daughters that deviate substantially from the population mean for maturity rate for milk yield. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Dairy & Swine Res & Dev Ctr, Sherbrooke, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON N1G T42, Canada. Nederlands Rundvee Syndicaat, Arnhem, Netherlands. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3937 EP 3944 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-890 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500043 PM 17639005 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Kamphuis, GH Karsten, HD Weaver, RD AF Rotz, C. A. Kamphuis, G. H. Karsten, H. D. Weaver, R. D. TI Organic dairy production systems in Pennsylvania: A case study evaluation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic dairy; farm simulation; economics; environment ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; FARMS; MODEL AB The current market demand and price for organic milk is encouraging dairy producers, particularly those on smaller farms, to consider organic production as a means for improving the economic viability of their operations. Organic production systems vary widely in scale, in practices, and across agroclimatic settings. Within this context, case studies of 4 actual organic dairy farms were used to characterize existing systems in Pennsylvania. Based on data from these farms, a whole-farm simulation model (Integrated Farm System Model) was used to compare 4 production systems representing organic grass, organic crop, conventional crop with grazing, and conventional confinement production. The performance of each of these systems was simulated over each year of 25 yr of central Pennsylvania weather data. Simulation results indicated that farm level accumulation of soil P and K may be a concern on organic farms that use poultry manure as a primary crop nutrient source, and that erosion and runoff loss of P may be of concern on organic farms producing annual crops because more tillage is required for weed control. Whole-farm budgets with prices that reflect recent conditions showed an economic advantage for organic over conventional production. A sensitivity analysis showed that this economic advantage depended on a higher milk price for producers of organic milk and was influenced by the difference in milk production maintained by herds using organic and conventional systems. Factors found to have little effect on the relative profitability of organic over conventional production included the differences between organic and conventional prices for seed, chemicals, forage, and animals and the overall costs or prices assumed for organic certification, machinery, pasture fencing, fuel, and labor. Thus, at the current organic milk price, relative to other prices, the case study organic production systems seem to provide an option for improving the economic viability of dairy operations of the scale considered in Pennsylvania. To motivate transition to organic systems, the economic advantage found requires the persistence of a substantial difference between conventional and organic raw milk prices. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Wageningen Univ, Farm Technol Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Robert D./0000-0002-4968-7224 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 3961 EP 3979 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-527 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 190UG UT WOS:000248085500046 PM 17639008 ER PT J AU Stark, JD Vargas, R Banks, JE AF Stark, John D. Vargas, Roger Banks, John E. TI Incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IOBC; pesticides; biocontrol ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; NATURAL ENEMIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; FIELD AB The compatibility of biological control agents with pesticides is a central concern in integrated pest management programs. The most common assessments of compatibility consist of simple comparisons of acute toxicity among pest species and select biocontrol agents. A more sophisticated approach, developed by the International Organisation of Biological Control (IOBC), is based on a tiered hierarchy made up of threshold values for mortality and sublethal effects that is used to determine the compatibility of pesticides and biological control agents. However, this method is unable to capture longer term population dynamics, which is often critical to the success of biological control and pest suppression. In this article, we used the delay in population growth index, a measure of population recovery, to investigate the potential impacts that the threshold values for levels of lethal and sublethal effects developed by the IOBC bad on three biocontrol agents: sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L.; the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), and Fopius arisanus (Sonan), a parasitoid of tephritid flies. Based on life histories of these economically important natural enemies, we established a delay of 1-generation time interval as sufficient to disrupt biological control success. We found that delays equivalent to I-generation time interval were caused by mortality as low as 50% or reductions of offspring as low as 58%, both values in line with thresholds developed by the IOBC. However, combinations of mortality and reduction of offspring lower than these values (from 32 to 43% each) over a simulated 4-mo period caused significant population delays. Furthermore, the species used in these simulations reacted differently to the same levels of effect. The parasitoid D. rapae was the most susceptible species, followed by F. arisanus and C. septempunctata. Our results indicate that it is not possible to generalize about potential long-term impacts of pesticides on biocontrol agents because susceptibility is influenced by differences in life history variables. Additionally, populations of biocontrol agents may undergo significant damage when mortality approaches 50% or when there is mortality of approximate to 30% and a 30% reduction in offspring caused by a sublethal effect. Our results suggest that more ecologically relevant measures of effect such as delays in population growth may advance our knowledge of pesticide impacts on populations of beneficial species. C1 Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. USDA ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM starkj@wsu.edu RI Banks, John/D-4194-2012 NR 27 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1027:IERMOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700001 PM 17849847 ER PT J AU Niehuis, O Judson, AK Werren, JH Hunter, WB Dang, PM Dowd, SE Grillenberger, B Beukeboom, LW Gadau, J AF Niehuis, O. Judson, A. K. Werren, J. H. Hunter, W. B. Dang, P. M. Dowd, S. E. Grillenberger, B. Beukeboom, L. W. Gadau, J. TI Species-diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism and sequence-tagged site markers for the parasitic wasp genus nasonia (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nasonia; species identification; Ecotilling; genome mapping ID VITRIPENNIS AB Wasps of the genus Nasonia are important biological control agents of house flies and related filth flies, which are major vectors of human pathogens. Species of Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are not easily differentiated from one another by morphological characters, and molecular markers for their reliable identification have been missing so far. Here, we report eight single-nucleotide polymorphism and three sequence-tagged site markers derived from expressed sequenced tag libraries for the two closely related and regionally sympatric species N. giraulti and N. vitripennis. We studied variation of these markers in natural populations of the two species, and we mapped them in the Nasonia genome. The markers are species-diagnostic and evenly spread over all five chromosomes. They are ideal for rapid species identification and hybrid recognition, and they can be used to map economically relevant quantitative trait loci in the Nasonia genome. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. RP Niehuis, O (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM oliver.niehuis@gmail.com RI Beukeboom, Leo/D-1808-2012 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1036 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1033:SSPASS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700002 PM 17849848 ER PT J AU Tomic-Carruthers, N AF Tomic-Carruthers, Nada TI Development of a meridic diet for Hylobius transversovittatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and the role of carbohydrates in feeding, growth, and survival of larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE root; weevil; rearing; diet; nutrition ID LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; INSECTS; WEEVIL AB The root-feeding weevil Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is used for biological control of the invasive plant purple loosestrife, Luthrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae). A simple rearing system for this weevil was developed with the goals of improving production techniques and increasing the availability of insects for field introduction. Additionally, the dietary effects of digestible and indigestible carbohydrates were explored. A meridic diet for rearing H. transversovittatus was formulated through nutritional alterations of a boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, diet. Diet attractiveness was evaluated on two levels: first, by recording the incidence of initial tunneling, and second, by estimating the larval establishment rate. The performance of test diet formulations was further assessed by measuring developmental and survival rates of H. transversovittatus. Sucrose, starch, and three types of indigestible carbohydrates were tested as components to improve diet performance. Physical properties of the diet, modified by fillers in test formulations, produced major effects on the initial tunneling of hatchlings. The establishment of hatchlings was affected by chemical properties of the diet. Increases in sucrose concentration decreased larval establishment, decreased the rate of larval development, and decreased larval survival. However, omitting sucrose from the diet, or replacing it with starch, increased mortality of first instars. In advanced stages of larval development, omitting sucrose from the diet did not significantly affect larval survival. The developmental rate of larvae was increased when the amount of digestible carbohydrate was reduced. To date, seven generations of the univoltine H. transversovittatus have been successfully produced on this new meridic diet. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Natl Weed Control Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tomic-Carruthers, N (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Natl Weed Control Lab, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM nada.t.carruthers@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1070 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1062:DOAMDF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700006 PM 17849852 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, Jeffrey C. TI Enhanced efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for red flour beetle with reduced moisture SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Tribolium castaneum; desiccation; humidity; flour beetle ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; STORED-GRAIN; TEMPERATURE; DEUTEROMYCOTA; INHERITANCE; MONILIALES; RESISTANCE; VUILLEMIN; DUSTS AB Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a major pest of stored and processed grains that is tolerant of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin under most conditions. Laboratory assays demonstrated that desiccating conditions improved the efficacy of the fungus. For T. castaneum larvae exposed to B. bassiana at different vapor pressure deficits (VPDs), the LC50 potency ratios were 2.3 for 2.42 kPa and 3.9 for 3.31 kPa compared with 1.06 kPa. There were significant effects of moisture on B. bassiana-associated mortality even with brief exposure to low VPD before or at the beginning of exposure to fungus. When T. castaneum larvae were held at 3.31 kPa 1 d before exposure to B. bassiana and/or in the first I or 2 d of exposure to the fungus, there was significantly greater mortality for all of the low moisture treatments than occurred with continuous incubation at 1.06 kPa. B. bassiana efficacy for adult T castaneum was significantly better for VPDs of 3.56 or 3.78 than 1.06 kPa. Weight gain over 4 d of incubation with moisture held constant was significantly less at a VDP of 3.31 kPa than at 1.87 or 1.06 kPa. Treatment with fungus did not affect weight gain significantly. There was no significant difference in larval water content among treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM lord@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1074 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1071:EEOBBF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700007 PM 17849853 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JW Follett, PA AF Armstrong, John W. Follett, Peter A. TI Hot-water immersion quarantine treatment against Mediterranean fruit fly and oriental fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) eggs and larvae in litchi and longan fruit exported from Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Litchi chinensis; fruit flies; quarantine pests; postharvest treatment ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FLIES DIPTERA; MELON FLY; DISINFESTATION; QUALITY; LYCHEE AB Immersion of litchi fruit in 49 degrees C water for 20 min followed by hydrocooling in ambient (24 +/- 40 degrees C) temperature water for 20 min was tested as a quarantine treatment against potential infestations of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); and oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, eggs or larvae in Hawaiian litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonnerat. The 49'C hot-water immersion of litchi provided probit 9 (99.9968% mortality with > 95% confidence) quarantine security against eggs and first instars. There were no survivors from 15,000 each feeding and nonfeeding Mediterranean fruit fly or oriental fruit fly third instars immersed in a computer-controlled water bath that simulated the litchi seed-surface temperature profile during the 49 degrees C hot-water immersion treatment. Litchi served as the model for longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., a closely related fruit that is smaller and also has commercial potential for Hawaii. Modified fruit infestation and holding techniques used to obtain adequate estimated treated populations from poor host fruit, such as litchi and longan, are described. Data from these experiments were used to obtain approval of a hot-water immersion quarantine treatment against fruit flies for litchi and longan exported from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1091:HIQTAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700010 PM 17849856 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Sappington, TW AF Reardon, Brendon J. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Effect of age and mating status on adult European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) dispersal from small-grain aggregation plots SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE european corn borer; Ostrinia nubilalis; dispersal; Bt; transgenic corn ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; INSECT RESISTANCE; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; EGG MASSES; PYRALIDAE; SITES; EVOLUTION; CROPS AB The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is often controlled with genetically modified corn, Zea mays L., hybrids (Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt] corn) in the United States. If Bt-resistant insects are detected in the field, mitigation-remediation tactics must be implemented to sustain the efficacy of insecticidal, transgenic corn. Mass releasing laboratory-reared, susceptible adults near aggregation sites to mate with locally emerging resistant adults is a possible remediation tactic, but it is imperative that the former remain in or near the release site long enough to mate. Understanding adult dispersal behavior relative to the timing of mating is important, because it directly affects patterns of gene flow and the rate at which Bt resistance moves through a population. Previous work shows that newly eclosed adults do not remain in proximity to their natal field. However, moth age, reproductive development, or mating status may influence the propensity to disperse. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of adult age (0-3, 4-6, and 7-10 d old) and mating status on dispersal of adults released in small-grain aggregation plots. Less than 1% of the marked adults released in the aggregation plots remained after one night. More males than females were recovered. Age influenced dispersal, with mostly 4-6-d old adults being recovered. Conversely, mating status did not affect the number of adults recovered. Given the paucity of marked adult moths recovered near their release sites, mass releases of adults may not be a viable tactic to combat the spread of resistance to Bt corn. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1123 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1116:EOAAMS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700013 PM 17849859 ER PT J AU Jang, EB Casana-Giner, V Oliver, JE AF Jang, Eric B. Casana-Giner, Victor Oliver, James E. TI Field captures of wild melon fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) with an improved male attractant, raspberry ketone formate SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractants; melon fly; raspberry ketone formate; semiochemicals; Bactrocera ID MALE-ANNIHILATION; FRUIT; ERADICATION; ISLANDS; LURE AB Field-trapping evaluations of the new male attractant, formic acid 4-(3-oxobutyl) phenyl ester (raspberry ketone formate [RKF]) were conducted in Hawaii with wild populations of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae), to determine its activity in the field and to evaluate new plastic matrix formulations. All tests were compared with the standard melon fly attractant 4- (4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone (cuelure [CL]), which is the attractant of choice for detection programs aimed at melon fly and other cuelure-responding Bactrocera fruit flies. Results of these tests over a range of doses on cotton wicks showed that at a 1-g dose raspberry ketone formate was 1.5-2 times more attractive compared with cuelure for up to 11 wk in the field. Lower doses applied on cotton wicks were less active, presumably due to hydrolysis of RKF to raspberry ketone. Raspberry ketone formate embedded in a plastic plug formulation also was field tested, and it was shown to be more attractive to male melon fly compared with cuelure. The use of this new attractant in control and detection programs is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Tecnol Quim, Valencia, Spain. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jang, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM ejang@pbarc.ars.usda.gov OI Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1128 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1124:FCOWMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700014 PM 17849860 ER PT J AU Reardon, KT Hellmich, RL Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC Reardon, BJ Calvin, DD AF Reardon, K. T. Hellmich, R. L. Sumerford, D. V. Lewis, L. C. Reardon, B. J. Calvin, D. D. TI Influence of plant severing on movement of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae in Zea mays hybrid seed production fields. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt; Bacillus thuringiensis; European corn borer; resistance management; monitoring ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RESISTANCE; CRAMBIDAE; SURVIVAL; SCREEN AB Genetically engineered corn hybrids that contain a cry gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are gaining popularity for controlling the corn pest Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner). Continuous use of Bt corn, however, could select for O. nubilalis that are resistant to this corn. Monitoring for insect resistance is important, because it could help maintain the Bt technology. A possible monitoring method is to collect larval insects in commercial drying bins after harvest from Bt seed production fields. A drawback to this method is that these collections may be contaminated by insects that moved as later instars from severed non-Bt male rows into the adjacent Bt female rows. These larvae have little to no exposure to Bt toxin, resulting in possible "false positives." The objectives of this study were to first find which combination of planting and severing dates produces the least number of larvae that move from non-Bt male plants to Bt female plants and to assess O. nubilalis larval movement from severed non-Bt male rows to Bt female rows. Field studies in 2002 and 2003 were designed to simulate a hybrid seed production field. Results suggest that movement of O. nubilalis larvae from male corn is minimized when corn is planted early and male plants are severed by 2 wk post-anthesis. This reduces the likelihood of false positives by reducing the number of susceptible larvae moving between Bt and non-Bt plants. Also, larvae moved to all four female rows that were adjacent to the severed rows, but there were significantly more larvae found in the closest row compared with the other three. These results could be used to develop a monitoring program to find O. nubilalis larvae with resistance to Bt corn in field populations of O. nubilalis. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 102, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Genet Lab 102, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hellmich, RL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 102, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rlhellmi@iastate.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1129 EP 1135 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1129:IOPSOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700015 PM 17849861 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Thomas, DB AF Robacker, David C. Thomas, Donald B. TI Comparison of two synthetic food-odor lures for captures of feral Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Mexico and implications regarding use of irradiated flies to assess lure efficacy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; attractants; traps; AFF lure; BioLure ID WIND-TUNNEL; TRAPS; ATTRACTION AB Feral Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), were trapped in a citrus orchard in Mexico by using two types of synthetic food-odor lures, the AFF lure (Anastrepha fruit fly lure, APTIV, Inc., Portland, OR) and the BioLure (two-component MFF lure, Suterra. LLC, Inc., Bend, OR). In Multilure traps (Better World Manufacturing, Inc., Miami, FL) containing water, BioLures captured. about the same numbers of flies as AFF lures. In Multilure traps containing antifreeze solution, BioLures captured 2 and 5 times more flies than AFF lures in two experiments. BioLures, and AFF lures did not differ in attractiveness when used on sticky traps (Intercept trap, APTIV, Inc.; and sticky cylinder trap). Multilure traps captured > 4 times as many flies as sticky traps with the exception that captures of females did not differ between Multilure and sticky traps baited with AFF lures. The percentage of females captured in Multilure traps was greater when traps were baited with BioLures compared with AFF lures, but the reverse was true for sticky traps. Sticky cylinder traps captured a higher percentage of females than Multilure traps. The most effective trap/lure combination was the Multilure trap baited with BioLure and antifreeze. In comparison with tests of these two lures in Texas, results were similar for Multilure traps, but they differed for sticky cylinder traps in that AFF lures were consistently more attractive than BioLures in Texas, but not in Mexico. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM drobacker@westaco.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1147 EP 1152 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1147:COTSFL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700017 PM 17849863 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James Pahio, Elaine TI Age-dependent variation in mating success of sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae): Implications for sterile insect technique SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata; sterile insect technique; mating success; male age ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; REARED MALES; DISPERSAL; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; HAWAII; WILD AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass-rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in the mating ability of the released males. To counter this deficiency, SIT programs rely upon the production and release of large numbers of sterile males to achieve high overflooding (sterile:wild male) ratios. To ensure a high release volume, emergence facilities release adult males at a young age (2 d old in some cases). The primary objective of this study was to describe age-dependent variation in the mating propensity and competitiveness of sterile males of C. capitata. Males that were 2 or 3 d old had lower mating propensity than males that were :4 d old, and 3-d-old males had lower mating competitiveness than males that were 2:4 d old. Given these results, we measured the effect of a longer holding period on male mortality in storage boxes. With delayed food placement, males held in storage boxes for 4 d after emergence showed no higher mortality than males held for only 2 d (the standard interval). Using large field enclosures, we compared the levels of egg sterility attained via releases of 2-versus4-d-old sterile males at two overflooding ratios (5:1 and 100:1). At the lower ratio, the proportion of unhatched eggs observed for trials involving 2-d-old sterile males was not, on average, significantly higher than that observed for matings between wild flies (33 versus 25%, respectively), whereas the level of egg sterility observed for releases of 4 d old sterile males was 62%. At the 100:1 overflooding ratio, the proportion of unhatched eggs associated with the 2-d-old sterile males was 58%, a level not significantly different from that induced by 4-d-old sterile males at the 5:1 ratio and significantly lower than the level (79%) observed for 4-d-old sterile males at 100:1 overflooding ratio. The implications of these results for SIT are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1180 EP 1187 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1180:AVIMSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700022 PM 17849868 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, DW McCornack, BP Venette, RC Potter, BD Macrae, IV Hodgson, EW O'Neal, ME Johnson, KD O'Neil, RJ Difonzo, CD Hunt, TE Glogoza, PA Cullen, EM AF Ragsdale, D. W. McCornack, B. P. Venette, R. C. Potter, B. D. Macrae, I. V. Hodgson, E. W. O'Neal, M. E. Johnson, K. D. O'Neil, R. J. Difonzo, C. D. Hunt, T. E. Glogoza, P. A. Cullen, E. M. TI Economic threshold for soybean aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yield loss; population dynamics; invasive species ID INJURY LEVELS; HOMOPTERA; GLYCINES; POTATO; POPULATIONS; MINNESOTA; BIOLOGY; VIRUSES; FIELDS AB Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), reached damaging levels in 2003 and 2005 in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in most northern U.S. states and Canadian provinces, and it has become one of the most important pests of soybean throughout the North Central region. A common experimental protocol was adopted by participants in six states who provided data from 19 yield-loss experiments conducted over a 3-yr period. Population doubling times for field populations of soybean aphid averaged 6.8 +/- 0.8 d (mean +/- SEM). The average economic threshold (ET) over all control costs, market values, and yield was 273 +/- 38 (mean +/- 95% confidence interval [CI], range 111-567) aphids per plant. This ET provides a 7-d lead time before aphid populations are expected to exceed the economic injury level (EEL) of 674 95 (mean +/- 95% CI, range 275-1,399) aphids per plant. Peak aphid density in 18 of the 19 location-years occurred during soybean growth stages R3 (beginning pod formation) to R5 (full size pod) with a single data set having aphid populations peaking at R6 (full size green seed). The ET developed here is strongly supported through soybean growth stage R5. Setting an ET at lower aphid densities increases the risk to producers by treating an aphid population that is growing too slowly to exceed the EIL in 7 d, eliminates generalist predators, and exposes a larger portion of the soybean aphid population to selection by insecticides, which could lead to development of insecticide resistance. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 536, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Dept Entomol, Concord, NE 68728 USA. Univ Minnesota, Reg Extens Ctr, Moorhead, MN 56560 USA. RP Ragsdale, DW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ragsd001@umn.edu NR 38 TC 175 Z9 180 U1 6 U2 49 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1258 EP 1267 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1258:ETFSAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700032 PM 17849878 ER PT J AU Wang, YN Shi, GL Zhao, LL Liu, SQ Yu, TQ Clarke, SR Sun, JH AF Wang, Y. N. Shi, G. L. Zhao, L. L. Liu, S. Q. Yu, T. Q. Clarke, S. R. Sun, J. H. TI Acaricidal activity of juglans regia leaf extracts on Tetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari : Tetranychidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Juglans regia; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus viennensis; acaricidal activity ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOISD ACARINA; SPIDER-MITES; PHYTOSEIIDAE; INSECTICIDE; URTICAE; PEST AB Leaf extracts of the walnut, Juglans regia L., were evaluated under laboratory conditions to determine their acaricidal activity on the mites Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and Tetranychus viennensis Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae). Extracts had both contact and systemic toxicity to these mites. The four solvents tested for prepanng crude extracts were petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Methanol was the most efficient solvent, with an extraction rate from 17.06 +/- 0.80 to 20.27 +/- 0.28%. Petroleum ether was the least effective solvent, with extraction rates from 2.30 +/- 0.13 to 2.71 +/- 0.13%. However, the crude extracts with petroleum ether resulted in the highest mite mortality (79.04 +/- 0.52%) in a slide dip bioassay. Mites mortalities from the concentrated extracts prepared by chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, or distilled water were significantly lower than petroleum ether. The mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the extracts from petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water to the two mite species were 0.73 +/- 0.04, 1.66 +/- 0.28, 4.96 +/- 0.35, 7.45 +/- 0.67, and 9.91 +/- 0.32 mg/ml, respectively. After liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, the concentrated extracts of petroleum ether were separated into eight fractions and tested for acaricidal activity. Fraction 6 produced significantly higher mite mortality rates than the other groups, killing approximate to 90% of both species. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Key Lab New Technol Agr Applicat Beijing, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. Shanxi Agr Univ, Shanxi 030800, Peoples R China. USDA, US Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn NR 47 TC 43 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1303 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1298:AAOJRL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700037 PM 17849883 ER PT J AU McCullouch, DG Poland, TM Cappaert, D Clark, EL Fraser, I Mastro, V Smith, S Pell, C AF McCullouch, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. Cappaert, David Clark, Erin L. Fraser, Ivich Mastro, Victor Smith, Sarah Pell, Christopher TI Effects of chipping, grinding, and heat on survival of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae), in chips SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus; phytosanitary treatment; invasive species ID BEETLE; LOGS AB The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding insect from Asia, was identified in 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus sp.) mortality in southeastern Michigan and Essex County, Ontario. Most larvae overwinter as nonfeeding prepupae in the outer sapwood or thick bark of large trees. In a series of studies, we evaluated effects of grinding, chipping, and heat treatment on survival of A. planipennis prepupae in ash material. Heavily infested ash bolts containing roughly 8,700 prepupae were processed by a horizontal grinder with either a 2.5- or 10-cm screen. There was no evidence of A. planipennis survival in chips processed with the 2.5-cm screen, but eight viable prepupae were recovered from chips processed with the 10-cm screen. We chiseled additional sentinel chips with prepupae from ash logs and buried 45 in each chip pile. In total, six prepupae in sentinel chips survived the winter, but we found no sign of adult A. planipennis emergence from the processed chips. Subsequently, we assessed prepupal survival in chips processed by a chipper or a horizontal grinder fit with 5-, 10-, or 12.7-cm screens. An estimated 1,565 A. planipennis prepupae were processed by each treatment. Chips from the chipper were shorter than chips from the grinder regardless of the screen size used. No live prepupae were found in chips produced by the chipper, but 21 viable prepupae were found in chips from the grinder. infested wood and bark chips chiseled from logs were held in ovens at 25,40, or 60 degrees C for 8,24, or 48 h. Prepupal survival was consistently higher in wood chips than bark chips at 40 degrees C, whereas no prepupae survived exposure to 60 degrees C for eight or more hours. In a second study, prepupae in wood chips were exposed to 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 degrees C for 20 or 120 min. Some prepupae survived 20 min of exposure to all temperatures. No prepupae survived exposure to 60 degrees C for 120 min, but 17% survived exposure to 55 degrees C for 120 min, suggesting that some fraction of the population may survive internationally recognized phytosanitary standards (ISPM-15) for treatment of wood packing material. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP McCullouch, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu NR 37 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1304 EP 1315 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1304:EOCGAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700038 PM 17849884 ER PT J AU Baker, PB Haverty, MI AF Baker, Paul B. Haverty, Michael I. TI Foraging populations and distances of the desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), associated with structures in southern Arizona SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colony density; colony size; cuticular hydrocarbons; mark-release-recapture; soldier proportions ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS; RETICULITERMES SPP. ISOPTERA; SOLDIER PROPORTIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COLONY ELIMINATION; TERRITORIES; FIELD; SIZE; BAIT AB Mark-release-recapture studies were conducted on foraging populations of Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) associated with three structures in Tucson, AZ. Foraging population estimates ranged from 64,913 to 307,284 termites by using the Lincoln Index and from 75,501 to 313,251 termites using the weighted mean model. The maximum distance between monitors ranged from 26 to 65 m, with minimum total foraging distance ranging between 297 and 2,427 m. Characterizations of the cuticular hydrocarbons of foraging groups were qualitatively identical. Quantitative similarities within sites and differences among sites suggested that each site was occupied by a single colony during the sampling period. The colony at each site had a proportion of soldiers (0.135, 0.069, and 0.040) that was significantly different from the colonies at each of the other sites. From this study, we question the assumption of equal mixing of marked H. aureus foragers throughout the occupied collars around structures. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85720 USA. USDA, ARS, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Organ & Environm, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Coll Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baker, PB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85720 USA. EM pbaker@ag.arizona.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1381 EP 1390 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1381:FPADOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700046 PM 17849892 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Dashiell, KE AF Hesler, Louis S. Dashiell, Kenton E. TI Resistance to Aphis glycines (Hemiptera : Aphididae) in various soybean lines under controlled laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; PI 436684; PI 548664; antibiosis; antixenosis ID HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; HOMOPTERA; GERMPLASM; GENOTYPES; ALEYRODIDAE; VIRUSES AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., native to Asia, has recently become a principal pest of this crop in many areas of North America. Insecticides are currently used to manage A. glycines, but host plant resistance is a potential alternative management tool. Tests were conducted to determine resistance to A. glycines among soybean lines. 'Cobb,' 'Tie-feng 8,' and 'Jackson' were resistant to population growth of A. glycines compared with 'Cook' and '91B91,' a susceptible control. Antibiosis was evident in Cobb, Jackson, and Tie-feng 8 from lowered survival of first generation A. glycines, and in Cobb, Jackson, Tie-feng 8, and 'Braxton' from diminished reproduction by first generation aphids. Antixenosis was apparent in Cobb and Jackson during initial infestation of aphid population growth tests, because A. glycines were unsettled and dispersed readily from placement points on unifoliolate leaves. Decreased nymphiposition by A. glycines occurred on Cobb and Jackson, and it may have been caused by antibiotic chemicals in these lines, failure of aphids to settle, or both. Differences in distribution of A. glycines between unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures suggest that unifoliolate leaves were acceptable feeding sites on 91B91 and Cook, whereas unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures were roughly equally acceptable feeding sites on Braxton, Tie-feng 8, Jackson, and Cobb. However, Jackson and Cobb had relatively low counts of A. glycines on shoots that may have been due to abandonment of plants by aphids, decreased aphid survival, or both. Results confirm earlier findings that Jackson is a strong source of resistance to A. glycines, and they suggest that Tie-feng 8, Braxton, and especially Cobb are potentially useful sources of resistance. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM lhesler@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1464 EP 1469 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1464:RTAGHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700057 PM 17849903 ER PT J AU Brooks, TD Bushman, BS Williams, WP McMullen, MD Buckley, PM AF Brooks, Thomas D. Bushman, B. Shaun Williams, W. Paul McMullen, Micheal D. Buckley, Paul M. TI Genetic basis of resistance to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) leaf-feeding damage in maize SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; insect resistance; maize; QTL; southwestern corn borer ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GERMPLASM LINE; TROPICAL MAIZE; GENOMIC REGIONS; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; QTL; DIATRAEA; MAYSIN; SILKS AB Leaf-feeding damage by first generation larvae of fall armyworm, Spodopter ftugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), cause major economic losses each year in maize, Zea mays L. A previous study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to reduced leaf-feeding damage by these insects in the maize line Mp704. This study was initiated to identify QTL and their interactions associated with first generation leaf-feeding damage by fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer: QTL associated with fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer resistance in resistant line Mp708 were identified and compared with Mp704. Multiple trait analysis (NITA) of both data sets was then used to identify the most important genetic regions affecting resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer leaf-feeding damage. Genetic models containing four and seven QTL explained southwestern corn borer and fall armyworm resistance, respectively, in Mp708. Key genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 5,7, and 9 were identified by MTA in Mp704 and Mp708 that confer resistance to both fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer. QTL regions on chromosomes 1, 5, 7, and 9 contained resistance to both insects and were present in both resistant lines. These regions correspond with previously identified QTL related to resistance to other lepidopteran insects, suggesting that broad-spectrum resistance to leaf feeding is primarily controlled by only a few genetic regions in this germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Brooks, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM tbrooks@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1470 EP 1475 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1470:GBORTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700058 PM 17849904 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA AF Johnson, J. A. TI Survival of indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) at low temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold treatment; Indianmeal moth; navel orangeworm; dried fruits; tree nuts ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA HUBNER; MEAL MOTH; COLD-STORAGE; MORTALITY; INTEGRATION; INSECTS; EGGS AB Concerns over insect resistance, regulatory action, and the needs of organic processors have generated renewed interest in developing nonchemical alternative postharvest treatments to fumigants used on dried fruits and nuts. Low-temperature storage has been identified as one alternative for the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), common postharvest pests in California dried fruits and nuts. The response of eggs, nondiapausing larvae, and pupae of both species to exposure to low temperatures (0, 5, and 10 degrees C) was evaluated. Eggs of both species were the least tolerant of low temperatures. At 0 and 5 degrees C, pupae were most tolerant, but at 10 degrees C, nondiapausing larvae of both species were most tolerant, with lethal time (LT),, values of 127 and 100 d for Indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm, respectively. The response of diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae to subfreezing temperatures also was evaluated. Diapausing larvae were very cold tolerant at -10 degrees C, with LT,, values of 20 and 17 d for long-term laboratory and recently isolated cultures, respectively. Diapausing larvae were far less tolerant at lower temperatures. At - 15 degrees C, LTs95 values for both cultures were <23 h, and at - 20 degrees C, LT95 values were <7 h. Refrigeration temperatures of 0 -5 degrees C should be useful in disinfesting product contaminated with nondiapausing insects, with storage times of 3 wk needed for adequate control. Relatively brief storage in commercial freezers, provided that the temperature throughout the product was below -15 degrees C for at least 48 h, also shows potential as a disinfestation treatment, and it is necessary when diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae are present. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverband Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jjohnson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1482 EP 1488 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1482:SOIMAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197VD UT WOS:000248583700060 PM 17849906 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Olea, W Lawrence, N George, J Torres, D Kadowaki, T Lee, AV AF Hadsell, Darryl L. Olea, Walter Lawrence, Nicole George, Jessy Torres, Daniel Kadowaki, Takahashi Lee, Adrian V. TI Decreased lactation capacity and altered milk composition in insulin receptor substrate null mice is associated with decreased maternal body mass and reduced insulin-dependent phosphorylation of mammary Akt SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS; PROLONGED LACTATION; HORMONAL-REGULATION; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPID-SYNTHESIS; MESSENGER-RNAS; FATTY-ACID AB Expression of insulin receptor substrates (IRS)-1 and -2 within the mammary gland was found to be high at midlactation and dramatically decreased with mammary involution. This observation supports the hypothesis that these proteins are induced in the mammary gland with lactogenesis and involved in normal milk synthesis. To test this hypothesis, lactation capacity; along with indices of mammary secretory cell glucose metabolism and cell signaling were compared in normal mice and mice carrying targeted mutations in either the Irs1 or Irs2 genes. Mammary IRS-1 and IRS-2 protein levels were increased within 1 day of parturition and reached maximal levels by 5 days post partum. Dams carrying germline mutations of Irs1 or Irs2 displayed reduced lactation capacity as assessed by weight gain of pup litters. The reduction was more dramatic in Irs1(-/-) versus Irs2(-/-) dams. Maternal body weight was also reduced in Irs1(-/-) dams as well as in Irs1(+/-) Irs2(+/-) dams. The loss of IRS-1 had little impact on mammary gland expression of milk protein mRNAs, glucose transport, or on the abundance and subcellular localization of hexokinases I and II. The loss of IRS-1 was associated with a compensatory increase in insulin-induced IRS-2 phosphorylation; however, the loss of IRS-1 did also cause a reduction in insulin-dependent mammary gland-specific activation of Akt phosphorylation. These results support the conclusion that IRS-1 is important for insulin-dependent activation of Akt signaling within the lactating mammary gland, but that loss of this protein has only modest impact on normal milk synthesis, since related signaling proteins such as IRS-2 may act in compensatory fashion. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Breast Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Breast Ctr,Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Breast Ctr,Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Metab Dis, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Breast Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@mbcr.bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 94118-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 52197] NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 194 IS 2 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1677/JOE-07-0160 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 199UC UT WOS:000248719700009 PM 17641282 ER PT J AU Kouznetsov, MY Roodsari, R Pachepsky, YA Sheltonc, DR Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Starr, JL AF Kouznetsov, M. Y. Roodsari, R. Pachepsky, Y. A. Sheltonc, D. R. Sadeghi, A. M. Shirmohammadi, A. Starr, J. L. TI Modeling manure-borne bromide and fecal coliform transport with runoff and infiltration at a hillslope SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE overland flow; infiltration; fecal coliforms; manure; modeling ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SURFACE; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTION; REMOVAL AB Hillslope vegetated buffers are recommended to prevent water pollution from agricultural runoff. However, models to predict the efficacy of different grass buffer designs are lacking. The objective of this work was to develop and test a mechanistic model of coupled surface and subsurface flow and transport of bacteria and a conservative tracer on hillslopes. The testing should indicate what level of complexity and observation density might be needed to capture essential processes in the model. We combined the three-dimensional FEMWATER model of saturated-unsaturated subsurface flow with the Saint-Venant model for runoff. The model was tested with data on rainfall-induced fecal coliforms (FC) and bromide (Br) transport from manure applied at vegetated and bare 6-m long plots. The calibration of water retention parameters was unnecessary, and the same manure release parameters could be used both for simulations of Br and FC. Surface straining rates were similar for Br and bacteria. Simulations of Br and FC concentrations were least successful for the funnels closest to the source. This could be related to the finger-like flow of the manure from the strip along the bare slopes, to the transport of Br and FC with manure colloids that became strained at the grass slope, and to the presence of micro-ponds at the grassed slope. The two-dimensional model abstraction of the actual 3D transport worked well for flux-averaged concentrations. The model developed in this work is suitable to simulate surface and subsurface transport of agricultural contaminants on hillslopes and to evaluate efficiency of grass strip buffers, especially when lateral subsurface flow is important. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Negev, Israel. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 336 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188FU UT WOS:000247905600010 PM 16935412 ER PT J AU Sakaliene, O Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Spokas, KA AF Sakaliene, Ona Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Spokas, Kurt A. TI Sorption and predicted mobility of herbicides in Baltic soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE alachlor; amitrole; atrazine; dicamba; imazamox; imazethapyr; pendimethalin; simazine; adsorption ID TROPICAL SOILS; ATRAZINE; ADSORPTION; ALACHLOR; QUALITY; WATER AB This study was undertaken to determine sorption coefficients of eight herbicides (alachlor, amitrole, atrazine, simazine, dicamba, imazamox, imazethapyr, and pendimethalin) to seven agricultural soils from sites throughout Lithuania. The measured sorption coefficients were used to predict the susceptibility of these herbicides to leach to groundwater. Soil-water partitioning coefficients were measured in batch equilibrium studies using radiolabeled herbicides. In most soils, sorption followed the general trend pendimethalin>alachlor>atrazine similar to amitrole similar to simazine>imazethapyr>imazamox>dicamba, consistent with the trends in hydrophobicity (log K-ow) except in the case of amitrole. For several herbicides, sorption coefficients and calculated retardation factors were lowest (predicted to be most susceptible to leaching) in a soil of intermediate organic carbon content and sand content. Calculated herbicide retardation factors were high for soils with high organic carbon contents. Estimated leaching times under saturated conditions, assuming no herbicide degradation and no preferential water flow, were more strongly affected by soil textural effects on predicted water flow than by herbicide sorption effects. All herbicides were predicted to be slowest to leach in soils with high clay and low sand contents, and fastest to leach in soils with high sand content and low organic matter content. Herbicide management is important to the continued increase in agricultural production and profitability in the Baltic region, and these results will be useful in identifying critical areas requiring improved management practices to reduce water contamination by pesticides. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Lithuanian Inst Agr, Vilnius, Lithuania. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM Sharon.Papiernik@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1080/03601230701465601 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 207ZB UT WOS:000249288500006 PM 17701699 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Hume, ME Anderson, RC Oliver, CE Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ AF Beier, Ross C. Hume, Michael E. Anderson, Robin C. Oliver, Christy E. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Thomas S. Nisbet, David J. TI HPLC determination of chlorate metabolism in bovine ruminal fluid SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE bovine ruminal fluid; chlorate; chlorite; food safety; glycerol; HPLC; nitrate; nitrite; sodium formate; sodium lactate ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SODIUM-CHLORATE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; NITRATE REDUCTASES; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; BEEF-CATTLE; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATIONS; CHLORITE AB Salmonella and Escherichia coli are two bacteria that are important causes of human and animal disease worldwide. Chlorate is converted in the cell to chlorite, which is lethal to these bacteria. An HPLC procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of chlorate 3), nitrate (NO3-), and nitrite (NO2-) ions in bovine ruminal fluid samples. Standard curves for chlorite, nitrite, nitrate, and (ClO3- chlorate were well defined linear curves with R-2 values of 0.99846, 0.99106, 0.99854, and 0.99138, respectively. Concentrations of chlorite could not be accurately determined in bovine ruminal fluid because chlorite reacts with or binds a component(s) or is reduced to chloride in bovine ruminal fluid resulting in low chlorite measurements. A standard curve ranging from 25 to 150 ppm ClO3- ion was used to measure chlorate fortified into ruminal fluid. The concentration of chlorate was more rapidly lowered (P < 0.01) under anaerobic compared to aerobic incubation conditions. Chlorate alone or chlorate supplemented with the reductants sodium lactate or,glycerol were bactericidal in anaerobic incubations. In anaerobic culture, the addition of sodium formate to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid appeared to decrease chlorate concentrations; however, formate also appeared to moderate the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli Addition of the reductants, glycerol or lactate, to chlorate-fortified ruminal fluid did not increase the killing of E. coli at 24 h, but may be useful when the reducing equivalents are limiting as in waste holding reservoirs or composting systems required for intense animal production. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rcbeier@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1080/03601230701544967 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 207ZB UT WOS:000249288500014 PM 17701707 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Mukhopadhyay, S Robbins, RJ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Robbins, Rebecca J. Harnly, James M. TI Identification and quantification of flavonoids of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) by LC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Mexican oregano; Lippia graveolens; flavonoids; LC-DAD-ESI/MS; identification; quantification ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATION; CHEMISTRY; EXTRACTS AB LC-DAD-ESI/MS was used to identify 23 flavonoids in the extract of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.), a spice and herb, used in the USA and Mexico. The identification of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, phloridzin, taxifolin, eriodictyol, scutellarein, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, pinocembrin and galangin was confirmed by direct comparison with standards. Identification of 6-hydroxyluteolin, two 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glycosides, three pentahydroxyflavanone hexosides, scutellarein 7-O-hexoside, 3-hydroxyphloretin hexoside, and three other flavones, was made by detailed analysis of their UV and mass spectral data. The identification of the flavonoid glycosides was further confirmed through detection of their aglycones following hydrolysis of the samples. The concentration of the identified flavonoids in three samples was also estimated. This is the first report of detection of over 20 flavonoids, including chalcones, in this plant material. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 17 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.09.005 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 167DO UT WOS:000246431400001 PM 24812440 ER PT J AU Rojas-Grau, MA Avena-Bustillos, RJ Olsen, C Friedman, M Henika, PR Martin-Belloso, O Pan, ZL McHugh, TH AF Rojas-Grau, Maria A. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Olsen, Carl Friedman, Mendel Henika, Philip R. Martin-Belloso, Olga Pan, Zhongli McHugh, Tara H. TI Effects of plant essential oils and oil compounds on mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of alginate-apple puree edible films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE alginate film; apple puree; plant essential oils; mechanical properties; barrier properties; antimicrobial activity; Escherichia coli O157 : H7 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SHELF-LIFE; COATINGS; IMPROVE; STABILITY; PRODUCTS; QUALITY AB Mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of 0.1-0.5% suspensions of the following essential oils (EOs)/oil compounds (OCs) were evaluated against the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 in alginate-apple puree edible film (AAPEF); oregano oil/carvacrol; cinnamon oil/cinnamaldehyde; and lemongrass oil/citral. The presence ofplant essential oils did not significantly affect water vapor and oxygen permeabilities of the films, but did significantly modify tensile properties. Antimicrobial activities of solutions used to prepare edible films (AAPFFS) were also determined. The results obtained demonstrate that carvacrol exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against E coli O157:H7. The data show that the antimicrobial activities were in the following order: carvacrol > oregano oil > citral > lemongrass oil > cinnamaldehyde > cinnamon oil. This study showed that plant-derived essential oils and their constituents could be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films for food applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Lleida, Dept Food Technol, UTPV CeRTA, Lleida 25198, Spain. RP Avena-Bustillos, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ravena@pw.usda.gov RI Martin-Belloso, Olga/B-8281-2011; OI Martin-Belloso, Olga/0000-0002-7027-6972; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 42 TC 116 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 634 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.01.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 154EI UT WOS:000245489200016 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Jiang, L Luo, YG Tao, Y AF Zhu, Bin Jiang, Lu Luo, Yaguang Tao, Yang TI Gabor feature-based apple quality inspection using kernel principal component analysis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gabor wavelet; principal component analysis (PCA); kernel PCA; Gabor-based kernel PCA; apple quality inspection; near-infrared ID MACHINE-VISION SYSTEM; FACE RECOGNITION; NEURAL NETWORKS; BRUISES; MODEL; REFLECTANCE; PCA AB Automated inspection of apple quality involves computer recognition of good apples and blemished apples based on geometric or statistical features derived from apple images. This paper introduces a Gabor feature-based kernel principal component analysis (PCA) method by combining Gabor wavelet representation of apple images and the kernel PCA method for apple quality inspection using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. First, Gabor wavelet decomposition of whole apple NIR images was employed to extract appropriate Gabor features. Then, the kernel PCA method with polynomial kernels was applied in the Gabor feature space to handle non-linear separable features. The results show the effectiveness of the Gabor-based kernel PCA method in terms of its absolute performance and comparative performance compared to the PCA, kernel PCA with polynomial kernels, Gabor-based PCA and the support vector machine methods. Using the proposed Gabor kernel PCA eliminated the need for local feature segmentation, but also resolved the nonlinear separable problem. An overall 90.6% recognition rate was achieved. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Bioimaging & Machine Vis Lab, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tao, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bioimaging & Machine Vis Lab, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ytao@umd.edu RI Zhu, Bin/E-4911-2010 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.01.008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 157DZ UT WOS:000245700100013 ER PT J AU Uesugi, AR Danyluk, MD Mandrell, RE Harris, LJ AF Uesugi, Aaron R. Danyluk, Michelle D. Mandrell, Robert E. Harris, Linda J. TI Isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 30 from a single almond orchard over a 5-year period SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; TYPHIMURIUM; PERSISTENCE; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; CATTLE; CLONE; WATER; UNITS; SPP. AB In 2001, Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 30 was isolated from drag swabs of 17 61-ha almond orchards on three farms linked to an outbreak of salmonellosis associated with consumption of raw almonds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term persistence of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 in one of the almond orchards associated with the outbreak. Swabs (gauze saturated with full-strength sterile evaporated skim milk and attached to string) were pulled along the orchard floor in a standardized manner for 55 in. At each sample time, two pooled samples (four swabs each) were collected from each orchard quadrant. Swabs were enriched for Salmonella using a delayed secondary enrichment procedure developed for isolation of Salmonella from poultry houses. Suspect Salmonella isolates were selected, confirmed, serotyped, and phage typed, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were determined after cleavage with XbaI and BlnI. Salmonella was recovered infrequently from pooled samples collected from January through July (3 of 56 samples, 5.3%). In general, Salmonella isolation frequency per sample time increased during and immediately after the harvest, when large amounts of dust were generated in or near the orchard: August, 4 (20%) of 20 samples; September, 13 (20%) of 64 samples; October, 27 (42%) of 64 samples; November, 4 (25%) of 16 samples; and December, 2 (25%) of 8 samples. All 53 Salmonella isolates during the 5 years were identified as Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30, and two PFGE patterns that differed by the presence of an approximately 40-kb fragment were identified. These data demonstrate the potential for long-term environmental persistence of Salmonella in almond orchards. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Harris, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ljharris@ucdavis.edu RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 26 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1784 EP 1789 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 196YI UT WOS:000248519000001 PM 17803132 ER PT J AU Kalchayanand, N Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Guerini, MN Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Kalchayanand, Norasak Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Guerini, Michael N. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Microbiological characterization of lamb carcasses at commercial processing plants in the united statest SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; AUSTRALIAN SHEEP MEAT; MULTIPLEX PCR; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; FLAGELLAR ANTIGENS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; VIRULENCE GENES; HOT-WATER; PREVALENCE; BEEF AB Although the United States produces 203 million lb (ca. 92.1 kg) of domestic lamb and mutton each year, thorough studies of the microbiological safety during lamb processing are lacking. To address this missing information, a total of 2,548 sponge samples from pelts, preevisceration carcasses, and postintervention carcasses were collected from multiple large cominercial lamb processing plants to determine aerobic plate counts, the prevalences of Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Salmonella. The averages of the aerobic plate counts from pelts, the preevisceration carcasses. and the postintervention carcasses were 6.3, 4.4, and 2.4 log CFU/100 cm(2) respectively. The prevalences of E. coli O157:H7 from the pelts, the preevisceration carcasses, and the postintervention carcasses were 12.8, 1.6, and 2.9%, respectively. The average Salmonella prevalences were 14.4, 4.3, and 1.8% for pelts, preevisceration carcasses, and postintervention carcasses, respectively. The most frequently identified Salmonella serotype was Heidelberg. The prevalences of non-O157 STEC from pelts, preevisceration carcasses, and postintervention carcasses averaged 86.2, 78.6, and 81.6%, respectively. A total of 488 non-O157 STEC strains were isolated from postintervention carcasses. Sixty-nine different serotypes of non-O157 STEC were identified. The most frequently detected serotypes were O91:H14 (40.8%), followed by O5:H19 (18.4%). A small number of STEC serotypes associated with severe human illness were isolated from postintervention carcasses. These were serotypes O76:H19, O128:H2 (0.8%), O146:H8 (2.1%), O146:H21, O163:H19, and O174:H8 (1.3%). The results of this study establish a baseline for microbiological quality and prevalences of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and STEC in U.S. lamb processing plants. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kalchayanand, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM norasak.kalchayanand@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1811 EP 1819 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 196YI UT WOS:000248519000005 PM 17803136 ER PT J AU Huezo, R Northcutt, JK Smith, DP Fletcher, DL Ingram, KD AF Huezo, R. Northcutt, J. K. Smith, D. P. Fletcher, D. L. Ingram, K. D. TI Effect of dry air or immersion chilling on recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL PROCESSING PROCEDURES; POULTRY CARCASSES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FECAL CONTAMINATION; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA; WATER AB A study was conducted to investigate the effect of chilling method (air or immersion) on concentration and prevalence of Escherichia coli, coliforms, Campylobacter, and Salmonella recovered from broiler chicken carcasses. For each of four replications, 60 broilers were inoculated orally and intracloacally with I ml of a suspension containing Campylobacter at approximately 108 cells per ml. After 1 day, broilers were inoculated with I ml of a suspension containing Salmonella at approximately 108 cells per ml. Broilers were processed, and carcasses were cooled with dry air (3.5 rids at -1.1 VC for 150 min) or by immersion chilling in ice water (0.6 degrees C for 50 min). Concentrations of E. coli, coliforms, Campylobacter, and Salmonella recovered from prechill carcasses averaged 3.5, 3.7, 3.4, and 1.4 log CFU/ml of rinse, respectively. Overall, both chilling methods significantly reduced bacterial concentrations on the carcasses, and no difference in concentrations of bacteria was observed between the two chilling methods (P < 0.05). Both chilling methods reduced E. coli and coliforms by 0.9 to 1.0 log CFU/ml. Air and immersion chilling reduced Campylobacter by 1.4 and 1.0 log CFU/ml and reduced Salmonella by 1.0 and 0.6 log CFU/ml, respectively. Chilling method had no effect on the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella recovered from carcasses. These results demonstrate that air- and immersion-chilled carcasses without chemical intervention are microbiologically comparable, and a 90% reduction in concentrations of E. coli, coliforms, and Campylobacter can be obtained by chilling. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1829 EP 1834 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 196YI UT WOS:000248519000007 PM 17803138 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. TI Effects of ionizing radiation on sensorial, chemical, and microbiological quality of frozen corn and peas SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FERMENTED SOYBEAN PASTE; GAMMA-RAY IRRADIATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GREEN BEANS; FRESH; VEGETABLES; COLOR; RETENTION; BROCCOLI; CARROTS AB The effects of irradiation (0, 1.8, and 4.5 kGy) on the quality of frozen corn and peas were investigated during a 12-month period of postirradiation storage at -18 degrees C. Irradiation of frozen corn and peas caused a reduction in ascorbic acid content of both vegetables and a loss of texture in peas but had no significant effects on instrumental color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), carotenoid and chlorophyll content, or antioxidant capacity of corn and peas. Irradiation reduced microbial loads of frozen peas and increased display life at 23 degrees C of thawed peas by preserving the green color, apparently because of slower increases in the population of acid-producing microorganisms in the irradiated samples. Overall, irradiation significantly reduced the microbial load and increased the display life of peas and had minimal detrimental effects on the quality of frozen com and peas. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1901 EP 1908 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 196YI UT WOS:000248519000017 PM 17803148 ER PT J AU Ladely, SR Harrison, MA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Berrang, ME Englen, MD Meinersmann, RJ AF Ladely, Scott R. Harrison, Mark A. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Berrang, Mark E. Englen, Mark D. Meinersmann, Richard J. TI Development of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter in broilers administered subtherapeutic or therapeutic concentrations of tylosin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; DAIRY-CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; FOOD ANIMALS; BEEF-CATTLE; JEJUNI; COLI; POULTRY AB The use of antimicrobials in food animal production, particularly those commonly used to treat infections in humans, has become a source of debate in recent years. However, limited data are available regarding the development of resistance following the subtherapeutic or therapeutic administration of antimicrobials in animal production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin on the erythromycin susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the ceca of treated broilers. In three replicated studies, day-of-hatch chicks were exposed to macrolide-susceptible C. jejuni or C. coli. At 2 weeks of age, tylosin was administered at subtherapeutic (22 ppm, continuously in the diet) or therapeutic concentrations (529 ppm, in the drinking water for 5 days). Broilers were sacrificed weekly. Total and erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. were enumerated from individual ceca plus cecal contents. Overall erythromycin resistance was observed at a higher frequency (P < 0.01) among C. coli isolates (70.8%) than among C. jejuni isolates (36.8%) following tylosin administration. Across Campylobacter species, erythromycin resistance was observed at a higher frequency (P < 0.001) when tylosin was administered at subtherapeutic (62.7%) than at therapeutic (11.4%) concentrations. Subtherapeutic administration resulted in the recovery of 83.3 and 56.1% erythromycin-resistant isolates compared with only 33.3 and 7.9% of the isolates expressing erythromycin resistance following the administration of therapeutic concentrations for C. coli and C. jejuni, respectively. Further studies are needed to determine the factors involved in the apparent difference in the acquisition of macrolide resistance in C. coli compared with C. jejuni. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rick.meinersmann@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1945 EP 1951 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 196YI UT WOS:000248519000024 PM 17803155 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Niemira, BA AF Sommers, Christopher H. Niemira, Brendan A. TI Effect of temperature on the radiation resistance of Yersinia pestis suspended in raw ground pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ENTEROCOLITICA; SENSITIVITY; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE AB Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. While rare, pharyngeal plague in humans has been associated with consumption or handling of meat prepared from infected animals, and the risks of contracting plague from consumption of deliberately contaminated meat are currently unknown. Ionizing radiation can inactivate foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica in refrigerated and frozen raw meat. The radiation resistance of avirulent Y. pestis suspended in raw ground pork was 0.16 (+/- 0.02), 0.27 (+/- 0.02), 0.36 (+/- 0.02) and 0.54 (+/- 0.03) kGy when irradiated at 10, 0, -10 and -20C, respectively When incorporated into a three-dimensional mesh, the predictive equation followed a parabolic fit (R-2 = 0.84) where log(10) reduction = -0.264 - (0.039 x temperature) - (3.833 x dose) - (0.0013 x temperature 2) - (0.728 x dose(2)). A radiation dose of 1.35 kGy would inactivate 5 log to of Y. pestis in refrigerated (0C) ground pork, while a radiation dose of 2.7 kGy would be required for frozen (-20C) product. These results indicate that Y pestis could easily be controlled in refrigerated and frozen raw ground meat using ionizing radiation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM christopher.sommers@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00082.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 197RU UT WOS:000248575000007 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK Roberts, JS Chapman, MH Burri, BJ AF Ishida, B. K. Roberts, J. S. Chapman, M. H. Burri, B. J. TI Processing Tangerine tomatoes: Effects on lycopene-isomer concentrations and profile SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lycopene; lycopene isomers; processing; Tangerine tomato; tomato sauce ID BETA-CAROTENE; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; CIS-LYCOPENE; HUMANS; JUICE; QUALITY; CANCER; ISOMERIZATION; VARIETIES; PROSTATE AB Because lycopene is a powerful biological antioxidant, its delivery to humans is of major concern. Cis-Lycopene isomers are more bioavailable than the all-trans isomers and thus more efficiently absorbed. Tangerine tomatoes, whose lycopene isomeric content is almost all tetra-cis, provide a useful food source for comparing cis- and trans-isomer absorption. Tangerine tomatoes were processed into sauce in the Univ, of California, Davis Pilot Plant for subsequent use in a human feeding study described in another publication. Samples were taken at several stages during processing and carotenoids extracted and analyzed for carotenoid-isomer profiles and concentrations. Analyses showed that total lycopene concentration decreased considerably during the 1st step of processing, which included heating and juicing operations. Processing resulted in a large decrease in tetra-cis lycopene concentration accompanied by increases in trans- and other cis-lycopene isomers. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkishida@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 6 BP C307 EP C312 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00425.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 199WF UT WOS:000248725200004 PM 17995670 ER PT J AU Truong, VD McFeeters, RF Thompson, RT Dean, LL Shofran, B AF Truong, V.-D. McFeeters, R. F. Thompson, R. T. Dean, L. L. Shofran, B. TI Phenolic acid content and composition in leaves and roots of common commercial sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) cultivars in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caffeoylquinic acid derivatives; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; sweet potatoes; total phenolics ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ELUTION SYSTEM; CATECHINS; HPLC; IDENTIFICATION; ANTHOCYANINS; POLYPHENOLS; CAPACITY AB Phenolic acids In commercially important sweet potato cultivars grown in the United States were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4,5di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid we re well separated with an isocratic elution in less than 25 min compared to about 120 min for analyzing and re-equilibrating the column with a gradient method. The isocratic elution order of these caffeoylquinic acid derivatives was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Chlorogenic acid was the highest in root tissues, while 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and/or 4,5-di-O-cafteoylquinic acid were predominant In the leaves. Steam cooking resulted in statistically nonsignificant increases in the concentration of total phenolics and all the Individual phenolic acids Identified. Sweetpotato leaves had the highest phenolic acid content followed by the peel, whole root, and flesh tissues. However, there was no significant, difference in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between purees made from the whole and peeled sweet potatoes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Den.Truong@ars.usda.gou RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 6 BP C343 EP C349 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00415.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 199WF UT WOS:000248725200010 PM 17995676 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, Mendel Henika, P. R. Levin, C. E. Mandrell, R. E. TI Recipes for antimicrobial wine marinades against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activities; antimicrobial wine recipes; Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; garlic juice; Listeria monocytogenes; microbial food safety; oreganoe leaves; oregano oil; Salmonella enterica ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; COOKED GROUND-BEEF; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS SPORES; PUREE EDIBLE FILMS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; OREGANO OIL; JUICE; CINNAMALDEHYDE AB We have evaluated bactericidal activities against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica of several antimicrobial wine recipes, each consisting of red or white wine extracts of oregano leaves with added garlic juice and oregano oil. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the recipes that resulted in a 50% decrease in colony-forming units (CFU) at 60 min (BA(50)). Studies designed to optimize antibacterial activities of the recipes demonstrated that several combinations of the naturally occurring plant-derived ingredients rapidly inactivated the above mentioned 4 foodborne pathogens;We also showed that (a) incubation temperature affected activities in the following order: 37 degrees C > 21 degrees C > 4,degrees C; (b) varying die initial bacterial concentrations from. 10(3) to 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/well did not significantly affect BA(50) values (c) storage of 3 marinades up to 2 mo did not change their effectiveness against Salmonella enterica; and (d) polyphenollic compounds isolated by chromatography from red wine exhibited exceptional activity at nanogram, levels against 2 strains of Bacillus cereus, These observations suggest that antimicrobial wine formulations have the potential to improve the, microbiological safety of foods. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 6 BP M207 EP M213 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00418.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 199WF UT WOS:000248725200022 PM 17995688 ER PT J AU Neta, ERD Johanningsmeier, SD Drake, MA McFeeters, RF AF Neta, E. R. Da Concetcao Johanningsmeier, S. D. Drake, M. A. McFeeters, R. F. TI A chemical basis for sour taste perception of acid solutions and fresh-pack dill pickles SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cucumber; flavor; organic acid; pH; protonated acid; undissociated acid ID CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE; TITRATABLE ACIDITY; UNDISSOCIATED ACID; CROSS-ADAPTATION; SUGAR MIXTURES; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ACETIC-ACIDS; PH; INTENSITY; RECEPTOR AB Sour taste is influenced by pH and acids present in foods. It is not currently possible, however, to accurately predict and modify sour taste intensity in foods containing organic acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of protonated (undissociated) organic acid species and hydrogen ions in-evoking sour taste; Sour taste intensity increased linearly with hydrogen ion concentration (R-2 = 0.9 5), and with the concentration of protonated organic acid species at pH 3.5 (R-2 = 0.884), 4.0 ( R-2 = 0.929), and 4.5 (R-2 = 0.975). The structures of organic, acid molecules did not affect sour taste after adjusting for the effects of protonated organic acid species and hydrogenions. Sour taste intensity was also linearly related to the total concentration. of protonated organic acid, species in, fresh-pack dill pickles (R-2 = 0.957). This study showed, that the sour taste of org. anic acids was directly related to the number of molecules with at least 1 protonated carboxyl group plus the hydrogen ions in solution. Conclusions from these results are that all protonated organic acids are equally sour on a molar basis, that all protonated species of a given organic acid are equally sour, and that hydrogen ions and protonated organic acids are approximately equal in sour taste on a molar basis. This study provides a new understanding of the chemical species that are able to elicit sour taste and reveals a basis for predicting sour taste intensity in the formulation of acidified foods. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Neta, ERD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 6 BP S352 EP S359 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00400.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 199WF UT WOS:000248725200024 ER PT J AU Kakarala, RR Chandana, SR Harris, SS Kocharla, LP Dvorin, E AF Kakarala, Radhika R. Chandana, Sreenivasa R. Harris, Susan S. Kocharla, Lakshmi P. Dvorin, Elena TI Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in uninsured women SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vitamin D deficiency; uninsured; women; prevalence ID HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; D INSUFFICIENCY; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; WHITE WOMEN; AMERICAN; INSULIN; OSTEOPOROSIS; FRACTURES; SECRETION; INCOME AB Background: Vitamin D deficiency, an important risk factor for osteoporosis and other chronic medical conditions, is epidemic in the United States. Uninsured women may be at an even higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than others owing to low intake of dietary and supplemental vitamin D and limited sun exposure. Objective: Our goal was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this vulnerable population. Setting and Participants: We enrolled 145 uninsured women at a County Free Medical Clinic in urban Michigan. Questionnaires were used to obtain information about demographics, medical history, vitamin supplementation, sunlight exposure, and dietary vitamin D intake. Results: The 96 women who were tested for vitamin D status ranged in age from 21 to 65 years (mean 48 +/- 11), and 67% were vitamin D deficient as indicated by a 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)] level < 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Non-Caucasians were 3 times more likely than Caucasians to be vitamin D deficient (P=.049). Mean dietary vitamin D intake was low (125 +/- 109 IU/d) and only 24% of the participants used any supplemental vitamin D. Participants with total vitamin D intake < 400 IU/day from diet and supplements were 10 times more likely to be vitamin D deficient than others (P <.001). Conclusions: These results demonstrate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an uninsured, medically underserved female population. Uninsured women should be strongly encouraged to increase their vitamin D intake. C1 Michigan State Univ, Res Inst, McLaren Reg Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Flint, MI 48532 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Auburn Hills, MI USA. RP Kakarala, RR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Res Inst, McLaren Reg Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 5N,401 S Ballenger Hwy, Flint, MI 48532 USA. EM Radhikak@mclaren.org NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1180 EP 1183 DI 10.1007/s11606-007-0245-x PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 189SF UT WOS:000248008100020 PM 17546478 ER PT J AU Schilling, KE Tomer, MD Zhang, YK Weisbrod, T Jacobson, P Cambardella, CA AF Schilling, K. E. Tomer, M. D. Zhang, Y.-K. Weisbrod, T. Jacobson, P. Cambardella, C. A. TI Hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport in a small agricultural catchment, Iowa SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STREAM RIPARIAN ZONES; WATER-QUALITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; WALNUT-CREEK; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; BUFFER ZONES; DENITRIFICATION; FOREST AB [1] Effects of subsurface deposits on nitrate loss in stream riparian zones are recognized, but little attention has been focused on similar processes occurring in upland agricultural settings. In this paper, we evaluated hydrogeologic controls on nitrate transport processes occurring in a small 7.6 ha Iowa catchment. Subsurface deposits in the catchment consisted of upland areas of loess overlying weathered pre-Illinoian till, drained by two ephemeral drainageways that consisted of Holocene-age silty and organic rich alluvium. Water tables in upland areas fluctuated more than 4 m per year compared to less than 0.3 m in the drainageway. Water quality patterns showed a distinct spatial pattern, with groundwater in the drainageways having lower nitrate concentrations (< 0.5 mg L-1) compared to upland areas (> 10 mg L-1) as wells as lower pH, dissolved oxygen and redox, and higher ammonium and dissolved organic carbon levels. Several lines of evidence suggested that conditions are conducive for denitrification of groundwater flowing from uplands through the drainageways. Field-measured nitrate decay rates in the drainageways (similar to 0.02 day(-1)) were consistent with other laboratory studies and regional patterns. Results from MODFLOW and MT3DMS simulations indicated that soils in the ephemeral drainageways could process all upland groundwater nitrate flowing through them. However, model-simulated tile drainage increased both water flux and nitrate loss from the upland catchment. Study results suggest that ephemeral drainageways can provide a natural nitrate treatment system in our upland glaciated catchments, offering management opportunities to reduce nitrate delivery to streams. C1 Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Caledonia, MN 55921 USA. Grinnell Coll, Dept Biol, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. RP Schilling, KE (reprint author), Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 109 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kschilling@igsb.uiowa.edu NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G3 AR G03007 DI 10.1029/2007JG000405 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 198BA UT WOS:000248600800003 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, JM AF Hopkinson, Judy M. TI Response to "Is breast really best? Risk and total motherhood in the national breast-feeding awareness campaign" SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Editorial Material ID OTITIS-MEDIA; CELIAC-DISEASE; HUMAN-MILK; CHILDREN; HEALTH; LIFE; METAANALYSIS; EFFUSION; PRETERM; INFANTS C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hopkinson, JM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0361-6878 J9 J HEALTH POLIT POLIC JI J. Health Polit. Policy Law PD AUG PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1215/03616878-2007-019 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, Legal; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Legal Medicine; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 198ID UT WOS:000248619400004 PM 17639014 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Diffenderfer, MR Barrett, PHR Buchsbaum, A Matthan, NR Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Horvath, K Asztalos, BF Zago, V Schaefer, EJ AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Barrett, P. Hugh R. Buchsbaum, Aaron Matthan, Nirupa R. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Horvath, Katalin Asztalos, Bela F. Zago, Valeria Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Effects of different doses of atorvastatin on human apolipoprotein B-100, B-48, and A-I metabolism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE kinetics; lathosterol; campesterol ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; KINETICS; SIMVASTATIN; PLASMA; HDL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AB Nine hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study to test the effect of atorvastatin 20 mg/day and 80 mg/day on the kinetics of apolipoprotein B-100 ( apoB-100) in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL), intermediate density lipoprotein ( IDL), and LDL, of apoB-48 in TRL, and of apoA-I in HDL. Compared with placebo, atorvastatin 20 mg/day was associated with significant reductions in TRL, IDL, and LDL apoB-100 pool size as a result of significant increases in fractional catabolic rate ( FCR) without changes in production rate ( PR). Compared with the 20 mg/day dose, atorvastatin 80 mg/day caused a further significant reduction in the LDL apoB-100 pool size as a result of a further increase in FCR. ApoB-48 pool size was reduced significantly by both atorvastatin doses, and this reduction was associated with nonsignificant increases in FCR. The lathosterol-campesterol ratio was decreased by atorvastatin treatment, and changes in this ratio were inversely correlated with changes in TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48 PR. No significant effect on apoA-I kinetics was observed at either dose of atorvastatin. Our data indicate that atorvastatin reduces apoB-100- and apoB-48- containing lipoproteins by increasing their catabolism and has a dose-dependent effect on LDL apoB-100 kinetics. Atorvastatin-mediated changes in cholesterol homeostasis may contribute to apo-BPR regulation. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cardiovasc Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG08812]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-00195] NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1746 EP 1753 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700067-JLR200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 190FR UT WOS:000248044200009 PM 17526934 ER PT J AU Smith, WP AF Smith, Winston P. TI The Northern flying squirrel: biological portrait of a forest specialist in post-european settlement North America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; biogeography; boreal forest; conservation; ecology; evolution; Glaucomys sabrinus; kinetics; locomotion; symposium ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; OLD-GROWTH; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; DEMOGRAPHY AB Papers in this Special Feature were presented at a symposium on the biology of Glaucomys sabrinus convened at the 86th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in June 2006. Because G. sabrinus is an arboreal species that relies on several attributes of older forests, it is an ideal model organism for studying impacts of broad-scale habitat loss and alteration from logging, clearing, and natural disturbances. The objective of the symposium was to integrate knowledge of mammalogists from multiple disciplines to achieve a more complete biological portrait to gain insights about how forest communities are being impacted by dramatic changes in forest composition and distribution following European settlement of North America, and to identify gaps in knowledge and information needs that can guide future research. The symposium included 5 papers that encompass a diversity of biological information, including the evolutionary origin and systematics of Glaucomys, the anatomy and evolution of G. sabrinus, its biogeography, genetic variation within and among regional populations, its ecology, functional morphology, kinetics, and issues and challenges of conservation. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winstonsmith@fs.fed-us NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 837 EP 839 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-S-370R1.1 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204XO UT WOS:000249077500001 ER PT J AU Smith, WP AF Smith, Winston P. TI Ecology of Glaucomys Sabrinus: Habitat, demography, and community relations SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Review DE demography; Glaucomys sabrinus; habitat relations; home range; interspecific interactions; limiting factors; movements; northern flying squirrel; persistence; population dynamics ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; BOREAL MIXEDWOOD FOREST; NEST-TREE USE; SIERRA-NEVADA; WESTERN OREGON AB A common arboreal rodent of boreal and montane coniferous forests, the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) has several life-history traits typical of K-selected species. Density varies among forest types, with core areas of use centering on food patches. Density is largely limited by food, and to a lesser extent, suitable natal dens, but also is influenced by potential competitors and predators. Local abundance of G. sabrinus frequently is correlated with density of large trees and snags, shrub and canopy cover, prevalence of old-forest features (e.g., coarse woody debris), and abundance of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi (truffles). Diet varies seasonally and among habitats, but truffles (spring and autumn) and lichens (winter) are most often reported. In some parts of its geographic range, G. sabrinus has a more diverse diet and lower reliance on truffles in forests with a depauperate arboreal small mammal community. G. sabrinus is a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest, because its diet facilitates an obligate mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and some trees and shrubs and because it is essential prey for mesocarnivores and avian predators. G. sabrinus achieves its highest densities in old growth, but also occurs in secondary forests. Disturbance that reduces structural complexity, canopy cover, or the availability of large, decadent trees typically results in smaller populations through effects on food, den sites, or risk of predation. The fundamental niche of G. sabrinus may be broader than suggested by early research in the Pacific Northwest. Sustaining viable and well-distributed populations in heavily modified landscapes will depend on the capability of remaining forest habitat to sustain breeding populations without immigration, or functional connectivity among fragmented populations such that viable metapopulations will persist. Future research should focus on identifying habitat conditions that sustain breeding populations in modified habitats and determining whether G. sabrinus can migrate freely through a matrix of unsuitable habitat. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM winstonsmith@fs.fed.us NR 141 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 862 EP 881 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-S-371R1.1 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204XO UT WOS:000249077500004 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. TI Tree roosting by male and female eastern pipistrelles in a forested landscape SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; bats; interior highlands; ouachita mountains; Perimyotis; pipistrelle bat; Pipistrellus subflavus; roost selection; roosting ID BATS LASIURUS-BOREALIS; SITE SELECTION; RED BATS; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; SEMINOLE BATS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SUBFLAVUS; COLONIES; CAROLINA; ECOLOGY AB Little information has been published on selection of tree roosts by eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) in forested environments, and no radiotelemetry-based studies have been conducted on males in forested settings. Therefore, we used radiotelemetry to characterize summer roost selection by 21 male (33 roosts) and 7 female (14 roosts) eastern pipistrelles during 6 years in a forested region of the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. All roosts were located in the vegetation of tree canopies, 50% of roosts of females and 91% of roosts of males were in dead leaves of deciduous trees. Three (43%) of 7 maternity colonies were in dead needles of large live pines (Pinus echinata); this is the 1st documented use of pines by this species for roosting. Males selected tree sizes randomly but females selected trees that were larger (P < 0.05) than random. For males, 87% of roosts were in oaks (Quercus), and males roosted at sites with more midstory hardwoods, more large pines in the overstory, less canopy cover, and farther from the nearest trees than random locations. In a landscape offering a diversity of forest habitats, eastern pipistrelles during summer roosted mostly in leaves of oaks in mature (>= 50-year-old) forest with a relatively complex structure and a hardwood component. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 75965, Japan. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 BP 974 EP 981 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-215R.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204XO UT WOS:000249077500015 ER PT J AU Higgins, J Hohn, C Hornor, S Frana, M Denver, M Joerger, R AF Higgins, James Hohn, Christina Hornor, Sally Frana, Mark Denver, Mary Joerger, Rolf TI Genotyping of Escherichia coli from environmental and animal samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE E. coli; genotyping; lacZ; water; feces; extraintestinal ID SOURCE TRACKING EFFORTS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; PHYLOGENETIC GROUP; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; PCR ANALYSES; DNA; POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; HOST; IDENTIFICATION AB The triplex PCR of Clermont et al. [Clermont, O., Bonacorsi, S., Bingen, E., 2000. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 4555-4558.] was used to genotype E. coli isolates from the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA, obtained from freshwater, animal internal organs, and feces. Of 445 isolates subjected to genotyping, 118 isolates (26%) were genotype A, 111 (25%) genotype D, 140 (31%) genotype B1, and 76 (17%) genotype B2. All four genotypes were present in three sets of freshwater stream samples. When isolates from chicken cecal ingesta, cecal mucosa, and tracheal mucosa were screened, there was selective distribution of genotypes in these organs. Genotype D was rarely encountered in feces, milk, and intestinal tissues of dairy cows, while all four genotypes were represented in goose feces. Isolates from the feces of zoo animals reared in the US demonstrated a predominance of genotype B 1. Thirty-six of the A isolates in our overall collection were subgenotype A(0), in which none of the three amplicons are observed; confirmation that these isolates were E. coli was done using an ancillary lacZ PCR assay. We conclude that the genotyping triplex PCR assay, used in combination with traditional culture methods, can be useful in categorizing E. coli from environmental and veterinary sources in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCSU, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. Anne Arundel Community Coll, Dept Biol, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. Maryland Zoo, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Higgins, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Rm 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tarbandu12@juno.com NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.009 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 197AB UT WOS:000248523900002 PM 17521755 ER PT J AU Jiao, P Mudur, SV Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Jiao, Ping Mudur, Sanjay V. Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Kipukasins, nucleoside derivatives from Aspergillus versicolor SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID METABOLITES; ISOLATE AB Seven new aroyl uridine derivatives (kipukasins A-G; 1-7) were isolated from solid-substrate fermentation cultures of two different Hawaiian isolates of Aspergillus versicolor. The structures of compounds 1-7 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. The nucleoside portion of lead compound 1 was assigned as uracil-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside by spectral comparison with an authentic standard. The bioactivity of the original A. versicolor extracts was accounted for mainly by the presence of the known metabolite sterigmatocystin, but kipukasins A and B showed modest activity in assays against Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 60600, R01 GM060600-04, R01 GM060600-06, R01 GM060600, R01 GM060600-05, R01 GM060600-07] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1021/np0702411 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 203MN UT WOS:000248978800016 PM 17608440 ER PT J AU Schmidt, LE Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Schmidt, Lori E. Gloer, James B. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Solanapyrone analogues from a Hawaiian fungicolous fungus SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTION; PENICILLIUM-GRISEOFULVUM; ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI; ISOLATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLITES; SESQUITERPENOIDS; BLIGHT AB Four new solanapyrone analogues (solanapyrones J-M; 1-4) have been isolated from an unidentified fungicolous fungus collected in Hawaii. The structures and relative configurations of these compounds were determined by analysis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and MS data. Solanapyrone J (1) showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides, while both 1 and 2 showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR000954, P41RR0954]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060600-05, R01 GM060600, R01 GM060600-04, R01 GM060600-06, GM 60600, R01 GM060600-07] NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1317 EP 1320 DI 10.1021/np070251m PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 203MN UT WOS:000248978800018 PM 17663585 ER PT J AU Dossey, AT Walse, SS Conle, OV Edison, AS AF Dossey, Aaron T. Walse, Spencer S. Conle, Oskar V. Edison, Arthur S. TI Parectadial, a monoterpenoid from the defensive spray of Parectatosoma mocquerysi SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TEUCRIUM-MARUM; STICK INSECT; SECRETION; PROBE; NMR AB The defensive secretion of Parectatosoma mocquerysi, a walkingstick insect from Madagascar, was determined to contain glucose, water, and a new monoterpene, parectadial, (4S)-(3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde. Here, we describe the elucidation of parectadial's molecular structure and absolute configuration via microsample NMR technology, GC-MS, CD, chiral GC-FID, and synthesis from enantiomerically pure (S)- and (R)-perillaldehyde. This work demonstrates the value of walkingstick insects as sources of new bioactive compounds and provides an analytical framework for identifying such substances. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Edison, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM art@mbi.ufl.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1338 DI 10.1021/np070151g PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 203MN UT WOS:000248978800021 PM 17661519 ER PT J AU Huong, LTT Dubey, JP AF Huong, Lam Thi Thu Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs from Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION-TEST; SWINE FARMS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ILLINOIS; SPECIFICITY; ANTIBODIES AB Pigs are considered an important source of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 587 pigs from Vietnam using the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 160 of 587 (27.2%) pigs, with MAT titers of 1:25 in 32 pigs, 1:50 in 34 pigs, 1:100 in 33 pigs, 1:200 in 24 pigs, 1:400 in 21 pigs, 1:800 in 14 pigs, and 1:3,200 in 2 pigs. Antibodies (MAT 1:20 or higher) were found in 75 of 325 (23%) finishers, 63 of 207 (32.3%) sows, and 22 of 55 (40%) boars. Results indicate high prevalence of T. gondii infection in pigs in Vietnam. This is the first report of prevalence of T. gondii in pigs from Vietnam. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Agr & Forestry, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol & Pathobiol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 951 EP 952 DI 10.1645/GE-1163R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 212RB UT WOS:000249613400038 PM 17918384 ER PT J AU Moura, L Kelly, P Krecek, RC Dubey, JP AF Moura, L. Kelly, P. Krecek, R. C. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats from St. Kitts, West Indies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE CYSTS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS AB The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined in sera from 106 domestic cats from St. Kitts, West Indies. Using a modified agglutination test, antibodies to this parasite were found in 90 (84.9%) of the cats, with titers of 1:20 in 23 cats, 1:40 in 34 cats, 1:80 in 18 cats, 1: 160 in 2 cats, 1:320 in I cat, and 1: 1,280 or higher in I I cats. This is the first report of the prevalence of T. gondii infections in cats on St. Kitts and suggests widespread contamination of the environment with oocysts. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, W Farm, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, W Farm, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 952 EP 953 DI 10.1645/GE-1195R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 212RB UT WOS:000249613400039 PM 17918385 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Hellier, BC Lupien, SL AF Dugan, F. M. Hellier, B. C. Lupien, S. L. TI Pathogenic fungi in garlic seed cloves from the united states and china, and efficacy of fungicides against pathogens in garlic germplasm in Washington State SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allium sathivum; Aspergillus; benomyl; fludioxonil; Embellisia; Fusarium; Penicillium; thiophanate methyl ID BASAL ROT RESISTANCE; F-SP CEPAE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; TERVERTICILLATE PENICILLIA; BOTRYTIS-PORRI; FUMONISIN B-1; 1ST REPORT; PINK ROOT; ONION; PROLIFERATUM AB Commercially distributed garlic (Allium sativum) seed cloves from six states of the United States and mainland China were surveyed for the presence of fungi recorded as pathogenic to garlic in the literature. Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, Botrytis porri, Embellisia allii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. proliferatum and Penicillium hirsutum, were each recovered from one or more of these commercial sources, as was F. verticillioides, not previously reported as pathogenic to garlic, but here demonstrated to be a pathogen. Seed garlic distributed from public germplasm collections may also contain fungal pathogens: E. allii, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and/or F. proliferatum caused severe losses in 2002-2003 and 2005-2006 during germplasm regeneration and storage for the National Plant Germplasm System in Pullman, Washington. Use of fludioxonil, thiophanate methyl and/or benomyl (the latter withdrawn from the market, but used here as a standard) at label rates against E. allii and Fusarium species promoted plant health, but not when infections were located deep within tissues nor under some situations involving high disease pressure. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@wsu.edu NR 66 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-1785 EI 1439-0434 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 155 IS 7-8 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01255.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 201RS UT WOS:000248850900008 ER PT J AU Panina, Y Fravel, DR Baker, CJ Shcherbakova, LA AF Panina, Y. Fravel, D. R. Baker, C. J. Shcherbakova, L. A. TI Biocontrol and plant pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum-induced changes in phenolic compounds in tomato leaves and roots SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fusarium wilt; biocontrol ID NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INDUCED RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; SUPPRESSIVE SOIL; WILT; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; STRAINS AB The biocontrol fungus Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20 was previously shown to reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato through an uncharacterized host-mediated response. As phenolic compounds are involved in the defence response of tomato to pathogens and other stressors, this work was undertaken to determine whether biocontrol strains induced changes in phenolic compounds in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in the presence and absence of pathogenic F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Roots of intact tomato seedlings were placed in water or aqueous fungal spore suspensions. Two biocontrol F. oxysporum strains [CS-20 (host-mediated mechanism) and 85SK-1 (control mechanism unknown)] and two plant pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 1 were used. After 24 or 72 h exposure, phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves and roots before identification by HPLC. There were significant qualitative and quantitative differences between the two sampling times. Compared with the control treatment, strain CS-20 significantly altered (usually increasing) the ferulic, caffeic and vanillic acid contents, and concentrations once unidentified phenolic compounds recovered from leaves and roots. In another experiment, tomato seedlings growing in sterile sand were drenched with spores of strain CS-20 the day before treating them with varying concentrations of spores of the pathogen for 24 or 72 h. The amount of pathogen present did not significantly affect the plant phenolic response to the presence of strain CS-20. This work demonstrates that tomato responds within 24 h to the presence of the biocontrol strain CS-20 by alterations in secondary metabolism that are typical of resistance responses in tomato. C1 Russian Res Inst Phytopathol, Moscow, Russia. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), Russian Res Inst Phytopathol, Moscow, Russia. EM fraveld@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 155 IS 7-8 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01260.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 201RS UT WOS:000248850900013 ER PT J AU Greene, JL Whitaker, TB Hendrix, KW Sanders, TH AF Greene, J. L. Whitaker, T. B. Hendrix, K. W. Sanders, T. H. TI Fruity fermented off-flavor distribution in samples from large peanut lots SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID DESCRIPTIVE FLAVOR; MATURITY AB Fruity fermented (FF) off-flavor develops when immature peanuts are cured at excessive temperatures (> 35C). The objective of this study was to characterize FF distributions and determine the variability among samples from large peanut lots. Twenty peanut lots identified as having a range of FF off-flavor were sampled. Twenty samples from each lot were roasted and processed into paste for descriptive sensory analysis. Differences in FF intensity were noted within and among lots. The FF intensity mean of the lots was either greater or less than the median value for the samples, indicating that the distributions were skewed. The skewed distributions and the variation among samples from a single lot demonstrated the need to develop a sampling plan for FF off-flavor. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, 236 Schaub Hall,Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2007.00119.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 193JD UT WOS:000248269400007 ER PT J AU McKay, DL Blumberg, JB AF McKay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Roles for epigallocatechin gallate in cardiovascular disease and obesity: An introduction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition CY OCT 05-08, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Coll Nutr DE epigallocatechin gallate; EGCG; catechin; green tea; flavonoids ID GREEN TEA CONSUMPTION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS; WOMENS HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; POLYPHENON-E; CATECHINS; EXTRACT; RISK AB After water, tea from Camellia sinensis is the most consumed beverage worldwide. Tea is rich in catechin flavonoids that possess an array of bioactivity including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and probiotic mechanisms of action that may contribute to some of the putative health benefits associated with tea intake. A substantial body of evidence indicates that tea and its principal catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) may contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest EGCG may also have a positive impact on glucose tolerance and thermogenesis with implications for an effect on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, respectively. This introduction to a symposium on EGCG's role in cardiovascular disease and obesity presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the American College of Nutrition provides a background on tea and tea flavonoids and their possible relationship to health promotion and disease prevention. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 362S EP 365S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 217PP UT WOS:000249960100010 ER PT J AU Wylie-Rosett, J Albright, AA Apovian, C Clark, NG Delahanty, L Franz, MJ Hoogwerf, B Kulkarni, K Lichtenstein, AH Mayer-Davis, E Mooradian, AD Wheeler, M AF Wylie-Rosett, Judith Albright, Ann A. Apovian, Caroline Clark, Nathaniel G. Delahanty, Linda Franz, Marion J. Hoogwerf, Byron Kulkarni, Karmeen Lichtenstein, Alice H. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth Mooradian, Arshag D. Wheeler, Madelyn TI 2006-2007 American Diabetes Association nutrition recommendations: Issues for practice translation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; GLYCEMIC INDEX; WEIGHT-LOSS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BARIATRIC SURGERY; OBESE ADULTS C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Diabet Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Novo Nordisk Inc, Diabet Clin Res & Med Affairs, Princeton, NJ USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Diabet, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Nutr Concepts Franz Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. Cleveland Clin, Dept Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Abbott Diabet Care, Sci Affairs, Alameda, CA USA. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. Nutr Comp Concepts, Res Nutr, Zionville, IN USA. RP Wylie-Rosett, J (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM jwrosett@aecom.yu.edu OI Apovian, Caroline/0000-0002-8029-1922 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 107 IS 8 BP 1296 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.05.009 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 197TE UT WOS:000248578600007 PM 17659893 ER PT J AU Sebastian, RS Cleveland, LE Goldman, JD Moshfegh, AJ AF Sebastian, Rhonda S. Cleveland, Linda E. Goldman, Joseph D. Moshfegh, Alanna J. TI Older adults who use vitamin/mineral supplements differ from nonusers in nutrient intake adequacy and dietary attitudes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; FOLIC-ACID INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FOOD FORTIFICATION; VITAMIN-A; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Objective To measure nutrient intake adequacy of vitamin/mineral supplement users and nonusers aged 51 years and older, determine the efficacy of supplement practices in compensating for dietary deficits, and identify predictors of supplement use. Design Analyses of two 24-hour recalls, demographic variables, and attitude questions collected during the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and Diet and Health Knowledge Survey in 1994 to 1996. Data were weighted to be representative of older Americans. Subjects Four thousand three hundred eighty-four adults aged 51 years and older (1,777 daily supplement users, 428 infrequent users, and 2,179 nonusers) residing in households in the United States. Statistical analyses Usual nutrient intake distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University method. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cutpoint method was applied to determine the proportion of older adults not meeting requirements before and after accounting for nutrient intake from supplements. Student t tests were used to assess differences between users and nonusers. Logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic and attitudinal predictors of supplement use. Results For one or more of the sex-age groups studied a significantly smaller proportion of supplement users than nonusers had intakes from food alone below the EAR for vitamins A, B-6, and C; folate; zinc; and magnesium. Even so, less than 50% of both users and nonusers met the EAR for folate, vitamin E, and magnesium from food sources alone. Overall, supplements improved the nutrient intake of older adults. After accounting for the contribution of supplements, 80% or more of users met the EAR for vitamins A, B-6, B-12, C, and E; folate; iron; and zinc, but not magnesium. However, some supplement users, particularly men, exceeded Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for iron and zinc and a small percentage of women exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for vitamin A. Significant sociodemographic factors related to supplement use for older men were age group, metropolitan area, and educational status. Race, region, smoking status, and vegetarian status were significant factors for women. Attitude about the importance of following a healthful diet was a consistent predictor of supplement use for both men and women. Conclusions A large proportion of older adults do not consume sufficient amounts of many nutrients from foods alone. Supplements compensate to some extent, but only an estimated half of this population uses them daily. These widespread inadequacies should be considered when developing recommendations for supplement use for clients in this age group. Modifying dietary attitudes may result in a higher rate of supplement use in this at-risk population. C1 USDA, ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sebastian, RS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 102,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rhonda.Sebastian@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 107 IS 8 BP 1322 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.05.010 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 197TE UT WOS:000248578600012 PM 17659898 ER PT J AU Folachier, M Shelly, D Marmer, W AF Folachier, Marc Shelly, Dennis Marmer, William TI 29th IULTCS Congress, 103rd Annual Meeting, June 20-23, 2007 - Closing remarks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 102 IS 8 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 204MZ UT WOS:000249049400006 ER PT J AU Wan, PJ Dowd, MK Thomas, AE Butler, BH AF Wan, Peter J. Dowd, Michael K. Thomas, Audrey E. Butler, Boyce H. TI Trimethylsilyl derivatization/gas chromatography as a method to determine the free fatty acid content of vegetable oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOAPSTOCKS; SPECTROMETRY; SILYLATION; PRODUCTS; STEROLS AB Thirty-one samples of vegetable oils were analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) concentration by titration against sodium hydroxide and by trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization followed by gas chromatography (GC). In preliminary experiments, two silylation chemistries and three GC stationary phases were tested for TMS fatty acid ester formation and separation. No ideal combination of conditions was identified; however, hexamethyldisilazane with an acid catalyst and a non-polar J & W DB-5 column were chosen for comparison of the two approaches. Over the range of FFA values studied (0.04-12%), the results from the two methods were highly correlated (R > +0.996) and were generally in good agreement. However, values from the chromatographic method were slightly lower than values obtained by titration for the crude oil samples (which had higher FFA levels). For oils with > 0.4% FFA, the GC approach was slightly less reproducible (average coefficient of variance of similar to 3%) compared with the titration approach (average coefficient of variance of similar to 1.4%). For oils with < 0.4% FFA, the coefficients of variance were higher (8-9%) and comparable between the methods. C1 USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Thionville Labs Inc, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 8 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1101-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 198LH UT WOS:000248629100001 ER PT J AU Liu, KS Hsieh, FH AF Liu, Ke Shun Hsieh, Fu-Hung TI Protein-protein interactions in high moisture-extruded meat analogs and heat-induced soy protein gels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE high moisture extrusion; gelation; protein-protein interaction; soy proteins; gels ID EXTRUSION-COOKING; WHEAT-FLOUR; GELATION; ISOLATE; SOLUBILITY; TEXTURE AB Two commercial soy protein isolates were made into fibrous meat analogs by high moisture extrusion or into gels by heating and cooling, at varying concentrations and/or temperatures. Protein-protein interactions by extrusion or gelation were investigated through protein solubility studies of raw and finished products. All samples except for extrudates exhibited similar patterns of solubility in four selected extractants. Phosphate buffer (PB) extracted the least amount of protein. Addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) to PB improved protein solubility, indicating the presence of disulfide bonds. PB + Urea and PB + Urea + DTT gave the highest and almost equal amount of extractable proteins from all samples, except for the extrudates from which protein could not be extracted effectively by PB + Urea, implying that disulfide bonding was more pronounced during extrusion than gelation. The results support our hypothesis that soy protein gels and extrudates both have the same types of chemical bonds, namely covalent disulfide bonds and non-covalent interactions. It is the relative proportion of each type of bonds in their structures that differentiates the two with respect to reversibility and structure rigidity. In forming protein gels during heat-induced gelation, non-covalent bonds play a dominant role over disulfide bonds; whereas for forming the fibrous structure of protein extrudates, non-covalent bonds and covalent disulfide bonds are both important. C1 USDA, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Food Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM keshunl@UIdaho.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 8 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1095-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 198LH UT WOS:000248629100006 ER PT J AU Lorenz, L Frihart, CR Wescott, JM AF Lorenz, Linda Frihart, Charles R. Wescott, James M. TI Chromatographic analysis of the reaction of soy flour with formaldehyde and phenol for wood adhesives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GPC; HPLC; phenol-formaldehyde; soy flour; wood adhesive AB The desire to make more biobased and lower-cost bonded wood products has led to an interest in replacing some phenol and formaldehyde in wood adhesives with soybean flour. Improved knowledge of the soy protein properties is needed to relate resin chemistry to resin performance before and after wood bonding. To expose the soy protein's functional groups, it needs to be disrupted, with minimal hydrolysis, to maximize its incorporation into the final polymerized adhesive lattice. The best conditions for alkali soy protein disruption were to maintain the temperature below 100 degrees C and react the soy flour with sodium hydroxide at pH 9-12 for about 1 hour. A gel permeation chromatography procedure was optimized to determine conditions for selectively breaking down the high molecular weight soy protein fragments that contribute to high adhesive viscosity. This method and extraction data were used to evaluate the reaction of the disrupted soy flour protein with formaldehyde and phenol to provide a stable adhesive. The results were used to develop more economical adhesives that are ideally suited for the face section of oriented strandboard. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Heartland Resource Technol, Waunakee, WI 53597 USA. RP Lorenz, L (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM llorenz@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 8 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1097-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 198LH UT WOS:000248629100011 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Foglia, TA AF Ngo, Helen L. Foglia, Thomas A. TI Synthesis of long chain unsaturated-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids from renewable materials via olefin metathesis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diacids; fatty acids; hydrocarbons; olefin metathesis; unsaturated fatty acids ID CATALYSTS AB The self-metathesis reaction of soy, rapeseed, tall, and linseed oil fatty acids was investigated for the synthesis of symmetrical long-chain unsaturated-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids. The metathesis reactions were carried out in the presence of a Grubbs catalyst under solvent-free condition at a catalyst loading of 0.01 mol% to fatty acid substrate at 50 degrees C. Under these conditions, the conversions of starting unsaturated acids to metathesis products were > 80% and the isolated yields of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid products were > 70% of theoretical. This approach represents an effective and efficient route for the synthesis of these potentially useful dicarboxylic acids since they can serve as important intermediates in the production of several materials such as biodegradable polymers. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ngo, HL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 84 IS 8 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1089-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 198LH UT WOS:000248629100012 ER PT J AU Whitacre, HW Roper, BB Kershner, JL AF Whitacre, Heath W. Roper, Brett B. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI A comparison of protocols and observer precision for measuring physical stream attributes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sampling protocols; aquatic habitat; attribute measurement; precision; stream monitoring; quality control ID PEBBLE COUNT; WOODY DEBRIS; CHANNEL CONDITION; BED MATERIAL; REACH SCALE; HABITAT; SIZE; VARIABILITY; ASSESSMENTS; WASHINGTON AB Stream monitoring programs commonly measure physical attributes to assess the effect of land management on stream habitat. Variability associated with the measurement of these attributes has been linked to a number of factors, but few studies have evaluated variability due to differences in protocols. We compared six protocols, five used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and one by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, on six streams in Oregon and Idaho to determine whether differences in protocol affect values for 10 physical stream attributes. Results from Oregon and Idaho were combined for groups participating in both states, with significant differences in attribute means for 9 out of the 10 stream attributes. Significant differences occurred in 5 of 10 in Idaho, and 10 of 10 in Oregon. Coefficients of variation, signal-to-noise ratio, and root mean square error were used to evaluate measurement precision. There were differences among protocols for all attributes when states were analyzed separately and as a combined dataset. Measurement differences were influenced by choice of instruments, measurement method, measurement location, attribute definitions, and training approach. Comparison of data gathered by observers using different protocols will be difficult unless a core set of protocols for commonly measured stream attributes can be standardized among monitoring programs. C1 Utah State Univ, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, US Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Whitacre, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Petersburg Ranger Dist, 12 Nord Dr, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. EM hwhitacre@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 923 EP 937 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00074.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400009 ER PT J AU Confesor, RB Whittaker, GW AF Confesor, Remegio B., Jr. Whittaker, Gerald W. TI Automatic calibration of hydrologic models with multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and Pareto optimization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE simulation; optimization; nonpoint source pollution; Pareto; multi-objective evolutionary algorithm; automatic calibration ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION AB In optimization problems with at least two conflicting objectives, a set of solutions rather than a unique one exists because of the trade-offs between these objectives. A Pareto optimal solution set is achieved when a solution cannot be improved upon without degrading at least one of its objective criteria. This study investigated the application of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) and Pareto ordering optimization in the automatic calibration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a process-based, semi-distributed, and continuous hydrologic model. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), a fast and recent MOEA, and SWAT were called in FORTRAN from a parallel genetic algorithm library (PGAPACK) to determine the Pareto optimal set. A total of 139 parameter values were simultaneously and explicitly optimized in the calibration. The calibrated SWAT model simulated well the daily streamflow of the Calapooia watershed for a 3-year period. The daily Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.86 at calibration and 0.81 at validation. Automatic multi-objective calibration of a complex watershed model was successfully implemented using Pareto ordering and MOEA. Future studies include simultaneous automatic calibration of water quality and quantity parameters and the application of Pareto optimization in decision and policy-making problems related to conflicting objectives of economics and environmental quality. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Confesor, RB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 213 Ballard Extens Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM confesor@onid.orst.edu NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00080.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400014 ER PT J AU Miller, SN Guertin, DP Goodrich, DC AF Miller, Scott N. Guertin, D. Phillip Goodrich, David C. TI Hydrologic modeling uncertainty resulting from land cover misclassification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; surface water hydrology; remote sensing; simulation; AGWA; KINEROS2 ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; RUNOFF; SCALE; GIS; CLASSIFICATIONS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; ACCURACY; ISSUES; ERRORS AB A stochastic, spatially explicit method for assessing the impact of land cover classification error on distributed hydrologic modeling is presented. One-hundred land cover realizations were created by systematically altering the North American Landscape Characterization land cover data according to the dataset's misclassification matrix. The matrix indicates the probability of errors of omission in land cover classes and is used to assess the uncertainty in hydrologic runoff simulation resulting from parameter estimation based on land cover. These land cover realizations were used in the GIS-based Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool in conjunction with topography and soils data to generate input to the physically-based Kinematic Runoff and Erosion model. Uncertainties in modeled runoff volumes resulting from these land cover realizations were evaluated in the Upper San Pedro River basin for 40 watersheds ranging in size from 10 to 100 km(2) under two rainfall events of differing magnitudes and intensities. Simulation results show that model sensitivity to classification error varies directly with respect to watershed scale, inversely to rainfall magnitude and are mitigated or magnified by landscape variability depending on landscape composition. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Dept 3354, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM snmiller@uwyo.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1075 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00088.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 199FU UT WOS:000248682400021 ER PT J AU Oliver, CE Craigmill, AL Caton, JS Anderson, RC Smith, DJ AF Oliver, C. E. Craigmill, A. L. Caton, J. S. Anderson, R. C. Smith, D. J. TI Pharmacokinetics of ruminally dosed sodium [Cl-36]chlorate in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID COLI O157-H7 POPULATIONS; ACUTE RENAL-FAILURE; CHLORATE SUPPLEMENTATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DRINKING-WATER; PERCHLORATE; METABOLISM; RATS; REDUCTION; RESIDUES AB The recently recognized potential of sodium chlorate as a possible preharvest food safety tool for pathogen reduction in meat animals has spurred interest in the pharmacokinetics of intraruminally dosed chlorate. Six Loala cattle were assigned (one heifer and one steer per treatment) to one of three intraruminal doses of radiolabeled sodium [Cl-36]chlorate (21, 42, or 63 mg/kg body weight) administered in four equal aliquots over a 24-h period. Blood and serum were collected (29 samples in 48 h). Total radioactive residues were measured and the radioactive moieties were speciated. Chlorate appeared rapidly in blood and serum after dosing. For animals administered a dose of 42 or 63 mg/kg, the half-life of absorption was estimated at 0.6-0.9 h. Serum chlorate concentrations progressively increased with aliquot administration until peaking at 6-21 parts per million at 26 h. Between aliquot administrations, serum chlorate levels typically peaked in 3.5 h or less. The half-life of chlorate elimination ranged between 6.9 and 11 h, depending on the dose. Ultimately, absorption of chlorate removes it from its desired site of action, the lower gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its efficacy. Further research is needed to develop a chlorate formulation that will allow passage to the lower gastrointestinal tract. C1 USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res, College Stn, TX USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00870.x PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA 184UG UT WOS:000247667500011 PM 17610410 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Tomcho, AL Lanham, JD Waldrop, TA Tomcho, J Phillips, RJ Simon, D AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Tomcho, Aimee Livings Lanham, J. Drew Waldrop, Thomas A. Tomcho, Joseph Phillips, Ross J. Simon, Dean TI Short-term effects of fire and other fuel reduction treatments on breeding birds in a southern Appalachian upland hardwood forest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding birds; burn; fire surrogate; fuel reduction; prescribed fire; southern Appalachians ID COMMUNITIES; USA; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; MATURE AB We compared the effects of 3 fuel reduction techniques and a control on breeding birds during 2001-2005 using 50-m point counts. Four experimental units, each >14 ha, were contained within each of 3 replicate blocks at the Green River Game Land, Polk County, North Carolina, USA. Treatments were 1) prescribed burn, 2) mechanical understory reduction (chainsaw-felling of shrubs and small trees), 3) mechanical + burn, and 4) controls. We conducted mechanical treatments in winter 2001-2002 and prescribed burns in spring 2003. Tall shrub cover was substantially reduced in all treatments compared to controls. Tree mortality and canopy openness was highest in the mechanical + burn treatment after burning, likely due to higher fuel loading and hotter burns; tree mortality increased with time. Many bird species did not detectably decrease or increase in response to treatments. Species richness, total bird density, and some species, including indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis), increased in the mechanical + burn treatment after a 1-year to 2-year delay; eastern wood-pewees (Contopus virens) increased immediately after treatment. Hooded warblers (Wilsonia citrina), black-and-white warblers (Mniotilta varia), and worm-eating warblers (Helmitheros vermivorus) declined temporarily in some or all treatments, likely in response to understory and (or) leaf litter depth reductions. Densities of most species affected by treatments varied with shrub cover, tree or snag density, or leaf litter depth. High snag availability, open conditions, and a higher density of flying insects in the mechanical + burn treatment likely contributed to increased bird density and species richness. In our study, fuel reduction treatments that left the canopy intact, such as low-intensity prescribed fire or mechanical understory removal, had few detectable effects on breeding birds compared to the mechanical + burn treatment. High-intensity burning with heavy tree-kill, as occurred in our mechanical + burn treatment, can be used as a management tool to increase densities of birds associated with open habitat while retaining many forest and generalist species, but may have short-term adverse effects on some species that are associated with the ground- or shrub-strata for nesting and foraging. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Burnsville, NC 28714 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Lawndale, NC 28090 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1906 EP 1916 DI 10.2193/2006-070 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400021 ER PT J AU Benson, TJ Dinsmore, JJ Hohman, WL AF Benson, Thomas J. Dinsmore, James J. Hohman, William L. TI Responses of plants and arthropods to burning and disking of riparian habitats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE arthropods; burning; disking; Emergency Wetlands Reserve Program; grassland; Iowa; riparian habitats; vegetation management; Wetlands Reserve Program ID NORTHERN BOBWHITE HABITAT; RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS; SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON; INVERTEBRATE BIOMASS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; REED CANARYGRASS; SOIL DISTURBANCE; GRASSLAND; FIRE; VEGETATION AB Alteration of Iowa, USA, landscapes for agricultural production has resulted in a loss of >99% of the original prairie and >95% of native wetlands. This conversion has included riparian areas, which, as interfaces between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, are important to many wildlife species. Farm Bill programs have resulted in the reestablishment of millions of hectares of grasslands and wetlands nationwide, including >100,000 ha in riparian areas of the Midwest. We assessed plant and arthropod responses to burning and disking of riparian grasslands in east-central Iowa in 2001 and 2002. Burning altered the plant community by removing litter and standing dead vegetation and had negative effects on several arthropod taxa, including Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. However, we observed no differences in vegetation or arthropods between burned and unburned fields during the second year postburning (P > 0.05). Disking decreased the cover of grasses, litter, and standing dead vegetation and increased plant species richness and the cover of forbs and bare ground (P < 0.05). Arthropod abundance and dry biomass were greater on disked than undisked portions of fields (P < 0.05). Increases in the abundance and biomass of arthropods associated with changes in vegetation structure and composition likely improved habitat quality for a number of breeding bird species. Both burning and disking appear to be effective management options for maintaining or enhancing riparian grasslands for wildlife. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv,Wildlife Habitat Ma, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Benson, TJ (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 599, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM thomas.benson@astate.edu RI Benson, Thomas/B-8526-2013 OI Benson, Thomas/0000-0002-7287-7499 NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1949 EP 1957 DI 10.2193/2006-412 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400026 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Avery, ML Watts, BD Lowney, MS AF Blackwell, Bradley F. Avery, Michael L. Watts, Bryan D. Lowney, Martin S. TI Demographics of black vultures in North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black vulture; Breeding Bird Survey; human-wildlife conflicts; matrix population model; population demographics; species management ID TURKEY VULTURES; CALIFORNIA CONDOR; CAPE VULTURES; POPULATION; REDUCTION; DAMAGE; AGE AB Understanding the contributions of vital rates to species population growth is critical to developing new management protocols. We constructed a model population for black vultures (Coragyps atratus) in North Carolina, USA, based on demographic data from a 14-year study. The model population was similar in stage structure to the reference population, and adult survival was the primary contributor to the annual rate of increase (10.6%). We suggest that the North Carolina black vulture population is experiencing high rates of survival and fertility, potentially breeding at an age younger than previously assumed, and growing rapidly. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Mosely, VA 23120 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1976 EP 1979 DI 10.2193/2006-146 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400030 ER PT J AU Long, RA Donovan, TM Mackay, P Zielinski, WJ Buzas, JS AF Long, Robert A. Donovan, Therese M. Mackay, Paula Zielinski, William J. Buzas, Jeffrey S. TI Effectiveness of scat detection dogs for detecting forest carnivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; bobcat; detection dog; fisher; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; scat; survey; Ursus americanus; Vermont ID OCCUPANCY; POPULATIONS; RATES; DETECTABILITY; FISHERS; RANGE; FECES AB We assessed the detection and accuracy rates of detection dogs trained to locate scats from free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). During the summers of 2003-2004, 5 detection teams located 1,565 scats (747 putative black bear, 665 putative fisher, and 153 putative bobcat) at 168 survey sites throughout Vermont, USA. Of 347 scats genetically analyzed for species identification, 179 (51.6%) yielded a positive identification, 131 (37.8%) failed to yield DNA information, and 37 (10.7%) yielded DNA but provided no species confirmation. For 70 survey sites where confirmation of a putative target species' scat was not possible, we assessed the probability that >= 1 of the scats collected at the site was deposited by the target species (probability of correct identification; P(ID)). Based on species confirmations Or PID values, we detected bears at 57.1% (96) of sites, fishers at 61.3% (103) of sites, and bobcats at 12.5% (21) of sites. We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species (when present) during a single visit to a site was 0.86 for black bears, 0.95 for fishers, and 0.40 for bobcats. The probability of detecting black bears was largely unaffected by site- or visit-specific covariates, but the probability of detecting fishers varied by detection team. We found little or no effect of topographic ruggedness, vegetation density, or local weather (e.g., temp, humidity) on detection probability for fishers or black bears (data were insufficient for bobcat analyses). Detection dogs were highly effective at locating scats from forest carnivores and provided an efficient and accurate method for collecting detection-nondetection data on multiple species. C1 Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Road Ecol Program, POB 1654, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu NR 39 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2007 EP 2017 DI 10.2193/2006-230 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400035 ER PT J AU Long, RA Donovan, TM Mackay, P Zielinski, WJ Buzas, JS AF Long, Robert A. Donovan, Therese M. Mackay, Paula Zielinski, William J. Buzas, Jeffrey S. TI Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; bobcat; carnivore; detection dog; fisher; Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; noninvasive; survey; Ursus americanus ID TRIGGERED CAMERAS; BLACK BEARS; EFFICACY; BOBCATS; RATES; USA AB Carnivores typically require large areas of habitat, exist at low natural densities, and exhibit elusive behavior - characteristics that render them difficult to study. Noninvasive survey methods increasingly provide means to collect extensive data on carnivore occupancy, distribution, and abundance. During the summers of 2003-2004, we compared the abilities of scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares to detect black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) at 168 sites throughout Vermont. All 3 methods detected black bears; neither fishers nor bobcats were detected by hair snares. Scat detection dogs yielded the highest raw detection rate and probability of detection (given presence) for each of the target species, as well as the greatest number of unique detections (i.e., occasions when only one method detected the target species). We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species during a single visit to a site with a detection dog was 0.87 for black bears, 0.84 for fishers, and 0.27 for bobcats. Although the cost of surveying with detection dogs was higher than that of remote cameras or hair snares, the efficiency of this method rendered it the most cost-effective survey method. C1 Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Western Transportat, Road Ecol Program, POB 1654, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu NR 23 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 70 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2018 EP 2025 DI 10.2193/2006-292 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400036 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Nassauer, JI Daniel, TC Fry, G AF Gobster, Paul H. Nassauer, Joan I. Daniel, Terry C. Fry, Gary TI The shared landscape: what does aesthetics have to do with ecology? SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape perception; scenic beauty; ecological aesthetics; landscape change; context AB This collaborative essay grows out of a debate about the relationship between aesthetics and ecology and the possibility of an "ecological aesthetic" that affects landscape planning, design, and management. We describe our common understandings and unresolved questions about this relationship, including the importance of aesthetics in understanding and affecting landscape change and the ways in which aesthetics and ecology may have either complementary or contradictory implications for a landscape. To help understand these issues, we first outline a conceptual model of the aesthetics-ecology relationship. We posit that: 1. While human and environmental phenomena occur at widely varying scales, humans engage with environmental phenomena at a particular scale: that of human experience of our landscape surroundings. That is the human "perceptible realm." 2. Interactions within this realm give rise to aesthetic experiences, which can lead to changes affecting humans and the landscape, and thus ecosystems. 3. Context affects aesthetic experience of landscapes. Context includes both effects of different landscape types (wild, agricultural, cultural, and metropolitan landscapes) and effects of different personal-social situational activities or concerns. We argue that some contexts elicit aesthetic experiences that have traditionally been called "scenic beauty," while other contexts elicit different aesthetic experiences, such as perceived care, attachment, and identity. Last, we discuss how interventions through landscape planning, design, and management; or through enhanced knowledge might establish desirable relationships between aesthetics and ecology, and we examine the controversial characteristics of such ecological aesthetics. While these interventions may help sustain beneficial landscape patterns and practices, they are inherently normative, and we consider their ethical implications. C1 No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Landscape Architecture & Spatial Planning, N-1432 As, Norway. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 18 TC 226 Z9 235 U1 13 U2 125 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 959 EP 972 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9110-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 194ZI UT WOS:000248381900001 ER PT J AU Karau, EC Keane, RE AF Karau, Eva C. Keane, Robert E. TI Determining landscape extent for succession and disturbance simulation modeling SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scale; fire; simulation modeling; forest succession; vegetation and disturbance dynamics ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; SCALES; RANGE AB Dividing regions into manageable landscape units presents special problems in landscape ecology and land management. Ideally, a landscape should be large enough to capture a broad range of vegetation, environmental and disturbance dynamics, but small enough to be useful for focused management objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal landscape size to summarize ecological processes for two large land areas in the southwestern United States. We used a vegetation and disturbance dynamics model, LANDSUMv4, to simulate a set of nine scenarios involving systematically varied topography, map resolution, and model parameterizations of fire size and fire frequency. Spatial input data were supplied by the LANDscape FIRE Management Planning System (LANDFIRE) prototype project, an effort that will provide comprehensive and scientifically credible mid-scale data to support the National Fire Plan. We analyzed output from 2,000 year simulations to determine the thresholds of landscape condition based on the variability of burned area and dominant vegetation coverage. Results show that optimal landscape extent using burned area variability is approximately 100 km(2) stop depending on topography, map resolution, and model parameterization. Variability of dominant vegetation area is generally higher and the optimal landscape sizes are larger in comparison to those features determined from burned area. Using the LANDFIRE project as a case study, we determined landscape size and map resolution for a large mapping project, and showed that optimal landscape size depends upon geographical, ecological, and management context. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Karau, EC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM ekarau@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 993 EP 1006 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9081-y PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 194ZI UT WOS:000248381900003 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Vogt, P Soille, P Kozak, J Estreguil, C AF Riitters, Kurt H. Vogt, Peter Soille, Pierre Kozak, Jacek Estreguil, Christine TI Neutral model analysis of landscape patterns from mathematical morphology SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pattern analysis; percolation theory; phase change; simulation; threshold ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES AB Mathematical morphology encompasses methods for characterizing land-cover patterns in ecological research and biodiversity assessments. This paper reports a neutral model analysis of patterns in the absence of a structuring ecological process, to help set standards for comparing and interpreting patterns identified by mathematical morphology on real land-cover maps. We considered six structural classes (core, perforated, edge, connector, branch, and patch) on randomly generated binary (forest, non-forest) maps in which the percent occupancy (P) of forest varied from 1% to 99%. The maps were dominated by the patch class for low P, by the branch and connector classes for intermediate P, and by the edge, perforated, and core classes for high P. Two types of pattern phase changes were signaled by abrupt transitions among the six structural classes, at critical P thresholds that were indicated by increased variance among maps for the same P. A phase change from maps dominated by the patch class to maps dominated by the branch and connector classes was related to the existence of a percolating cluster of forest, and the P threshold varied depending on the co-existence of the core class. A second phase change from the edge class to the perforated class was related to the existence of a percolating cluster of non-core (including non-forest) and represents a change of context from exterior to interior. Our results appear to be the first demonstration of multiple phase changes controlling different aspects of landscape pattern on random neutral maps. Potential applications of the results are illustrated by an analysis of ten real forest maps. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us RI Kozak, Jacek/D-5570-2013 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9089-3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 194ZI UT WOS:000248381900006 ER PT J AU Schulte, LA Mladenoff, DJ Crow, TR Merrick, LC Cleland, DT AF Schulte, Lisa A. Mladenoff, David J. Crow, Thomas R. Merrick, Laura C. Cleland, David T. TI Homogenization of northern US Great Lakes forests due to land use SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sustainability; land use; land cover change; ecosystem simplification; pre-Euro-American settlement ID PRE-EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; WISCONSIN PINE-BARRENS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; TEMPERATE FORESTS; EASTERN HEMLOCK; USE HISTORY; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; MICHIGAN AB Human land use of forested regions has intensified worldwide in recent decades, threatening long-term sustainability. Primary effects include conversion of land cover or reversion to an earlier stage of successional development. Both types of change can have cascading effects through ecosystems; however, the long-term effects where forests are allowed to regrow are poorly understood. We quantify the regional-scale consequences of a century of Euro-American land use in the northern U.S. Great Lakes region using a combination of historical Public Land Survey records and current forest inventory and land cover data. Our analysis shows a distinct and rapid trajectory of vegetation change toward historically unprecedented and simplified conditions. In addition to overall loss of forestland, current forests are marked by lower species diversity, functional diversity, and structural complexity compared to pre-Euro-American forests. Today's forest is marked by dominance of broadleaf deciduous species-all 55 ecoregions that comprise the region exhibit a lower relative dominance of conifers in comparison to the pre-Euro-American period. Aspen (Populus grandidentata and P. tremuloides) and maple (Acer saccharum and A. rubrum) species comprise the primary deciduous species that have replaced conifers. These changes reflect the cumulative effects of local forest alterations over the region and they affect future ecosystem conditions as well as the ecosystem services they provide. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Wildlife Fish Air & Water Res, Washington, DC 20090 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Eastern Reg & So Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Schulte, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 339 Sci II, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lschulte@iastate.edu NR 69 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 11 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1103 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9095-5 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 194ZI UT WOS:000248381900010 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ May, GS AF Kim, J. H. Campbell, B. C. Mahoney, N. Chan, K. L. Molyneux, R. J. May, G. S. TI Enhanced activity of strobilurin and fludioxonil by using berberine and phenolic compounds to target fungal antioxidative stress response SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaloid; antifungal; antioxidative stress system; Aspergillus; Penicillium; phenolics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; ASPERGILLUS; RESISTANT; SYSTEM; MITOCHONDRIAL; FLUCONAZOLE; COMBINATION; FUNGICIDES AB Aims: Identify natural products that effectively target antioxidative signal transduction/stress response systems [i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD)] of fungi. Enhance activity of strobilurin or fludioxonil with discovered compounds. Methods and Results: Enhancement of antifungal activity of strobilurins, inhibitors of complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, was tested using berberine hemisulfate and different phenolic compounds. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae sod2 Delta, a deletion mutant lacking Mn-SOD gene, was highly sensitive to berberine and veratraldehyde. Functional complementation analysis verified these compounds target Mn-SOD. Activity of strobilurin (25-50 mu mol l(-1)) was elevated on most aspergilli and Penicillium expansum by co-application with berberine or veratraldehyde (2-4 mmol l(-1)). These compounds also prevented Aspergillus fumigatus MAPK mutants (sakA Delta and mpkC Delta) from escaping toxicity of fludioxonil (a phenylpyrrole fungicide potentiated by the MAPK pathway), a typical phenotype of fungal MAPK mutants. Conclusions: Strobilurin activity or prevention of fungal escape from fludioxonil toxicity can be enhanced by co-application of certain alkaloids or phenolics. Significance and Impact of the Study: Natural products can be used to target cellular stress response systems in fungal pathogens and serve as alternatives/additives to commercial antifungal agents. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol, Lab Med Unit 54, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02159.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 209GM UT WOS:000249377000004 PM 17651208 ER PT J AU Rudine, AC Sutherland, MA Hulbert, L Morrow, JL McGlone, JJ AF Rudine, A. C. Sutherland, M. A. Hulbert, L. Morrow, J. L. McGlone, J. J. TI Diverse production system and social status effects on pig immunity and behavior SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pig; performance; behavior; immunity; social status ID YOUNG-PIGS; PERFORMANCE-MEASURES; REARING ENVIRONMENT; MEAT QUALITY; STRESS; GROWTH; SOWS; ENDOCRINE; DOMINANCE; OUTDOORS AB Pig performance, immunity, and behavior may be influenced by production system and social status. A conventional indoor housing system was compared with an outdoor system to determine the effects of diverse production systems on pig performance, behavior, and immunity. At 21 days of age, weight matched pigs reared in a conventional indoor or an outdoor production system were weaned and randomly selected for use in the present study. Six replicate pens were evaluated per treatment, with two littermate female pigs in each pen. Social status was determined at 7 weeks of age by a feed competition test. Pig, behavior was recorded for 24 h using a scan sample technique. At 9 weeks of age, blood samples were taken from indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs and immune assays performed. Both indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs were given a sheep red blood cell (SRBC) challenge at 6 and 8 weeks of age, and antibody titers to SRBC were measured at 6, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Performance data were recorded throughout the study period. Body weight and average daily gain were not influenced by the production system in which the pig was reared. The production system effected standing, lying, drinking, and oral/nasal/facial behaviors. The production system influenced the expression of certain behaviors depending on the time of day. Immune and blood measures were affected by production system. The percentage of phagocytosis was greater (P <= 0.05) and antibody titers to SRBC challenge tended to be greater (P=0.066) among outdoor-reared pigs compared with indoor-reared pigs. Outdoor reared pigs had higher hemoglobin concentrations (P<0.005), percentage of hematocrit (P<0.005), mean corpuscular volume (P<0.005), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P<0.005) compared with indoor-reared pigs. Furthermore, dominance order influenced the immune system. Dominant pigs had greater phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P<0.01) and baseline antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (P<0.05) compared with submissive pigs. In conclusion, in the present study body weight and average daily gain were similar among diverse production systems. However, pig behavior and immune system were significantly influenced by the production system. Dominance order influenced the immune system regardless of the production system. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Port Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Rudine, AC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Port Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM john.mcglone@ttu.edu OI Sutherland, Mhairi/0000-0001-6972-2405 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.004 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 207DZ UT WOS:000249233100010 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Rejeski, WJ Blair, SN Duncan, PW Judge, JO King, AC Macera, CA Castaneda-Sceppa, C AF Nelson, Miriam E. Rejeski, W. Jack Blair, Steven N. Duncan, Pamela W. Judge, James O. King, Abby C. Macera, Carol A. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen TI Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE older adults; physical activity; benefits; risks; health ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXERCISE; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; REHABILITATION; INTERVENTIONS; SUBCOMMITTEE; PERFORMANCE AB NELSON, M. E., W. J. REJESKI, S. N. BLAIR, P. W. DUNCAN, J. O. JUDGE, A. C. KING, C. A. MACERA, and C. CASTANEDA-SCEPPA. Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 1435-1445, 2007. Objective: To issue a recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed to improve and maintain health in older adults. Participants: A panel of scientists with expertise in public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, exercise science, medicine, and gerontology. Evidence: The expert panel reviewed existing consensus statements and relevant evidence from primary research articles and reviews of the literature. Process: After drafting a recommendation for the older adult population and reviewing drafts of the Updated Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for Adults, the panel issued a final recommendation on physical activity for older adults. Summary: The recommendation for older adults is similar to the updated ACSM/AHA recommendation for adults, but has several important differences including: the recommended intensity of aerobic activity takes into account the older adult's aerobic fitness; activities that maintain or increase flexibility are recommended; and balance exercises are recommended for older adults at risk of falls. In addition, older adults should have an activity plan for achieving recommended physical activity that integrates preventive and therapeutic recommendations. The promotion of physical activity in older adults should emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and risk management. C1 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, John Honcock Ctr Phys Act & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Frieman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Community & Family Med, Div Phys Therapy, Durham, NC USA. Evercare, Hartford, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Ctr Aging, Farmington, CT USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy & Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, John Honcock Ctr Phys Act & Nutr, 150 Harrison Ave,Rm 249, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM miriam.nelson@tufts.edu NR 67 TC 861 Z9 899 U1 24 U2 175 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1435 EP 1445 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616aa2 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 197UH UT WOS:000248581500028 PM 17762378 ER PT J AU Liu, YH DebRoy, C Fratamico, P AF Liu, Yanhong DebRoy, Chitrita Fratamico, Pina TI Sequencing and analysis of the Escherichia coli serogroup O117, O126, and O146 O-antigen gene clusters and development of PCR assays targeting serogroup O117-, O126-, and O146-specific DNA sequences SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE wzx; wzy; serotyping; E. coli O117; E. coli O126; E. coli O146; serogroup; O-antigen; PCR ID VIRULENCE GENES; WZY GENES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEROTYPES; AMPLIFICATION; 4-EPIMERASE; PATHWAYS AB The O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli serogroups O117, O126, and O146 were sequenced, and 11, 10, and 11 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, respectively. Genes required for O-antigen sugar biosynthesis, sugar transfer, and sugar processing were identified. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed targeting the 11 wzx and wzy genes present in the O-antigen gene cluster of these serogroups. The assays were highly serogroup specific when tested against strains belonging to serogroups that were isolated from food, humans, animals, and environmental sources, as well as against representative strains belonging to ca. 165 different E. coli O serogroups and a number of non-E coli bacteria. Thus, the results demonstrate that the wzx and wzy gene sequences were specific to E coli O117, O126, and O146 and can be used as diagnostic markers for rapid identification and detection of these serogroups. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Gastroenter Dis Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fratamico, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.03.002 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 176QG UT WOS:000247099400007 PM 17452091 ER PT J AU Neto, ALD Hashmi, R Schmidt, M Carlson, SR Hartman, GL Li, SX Nelson, RL Diers, BW AF Neto, Austeclinio L. de Farias Hashmi, Rizwan Schmidt, Michael Carlson, Shawn R. Hartman, Glen L. Li, Shuxian Nelson, Randall L. Diers, Brian W. TI Mapping and confirmation of a new sudden death syndrome resistance QTL on linkage group D2 from the soybean genotypes PI 567374 and 'Ripley' SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; quantitative trait loci; soybean; sudden death syndrome ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; CYST-NEMATODE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; SYNDROME SDS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; DNA MARKERS; REGISTRATION; FORREST; YIELD AB The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method for controlling sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (FSG) (syn. Fusarium virguliforme Akoi, O'Donnell, Homma and Lattanzi), in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Previous research has led to the identification of soybean genotypes with partial resistance to SDS and quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling this resistance. The objective of our study was to map QTL conferring SDS resistance in populations developed from the crosses Ripley x Spencer (RxS-1) and PI 567374 x Omaha (PxO-1). Both Ripley and PI 567374 have partial resistance to SDS and Spencer and Omaha are susceptible. The RxS-1 population was evaluated for SDS resistance in three field environments and the PxO-1 population was greenhouse evaluated. Three SDS resistance QTL were mapped in the RxS-1 population and two in the PxO-1 population. One resistance QTL was mapped to the same location on linkage group (LG) D2 in both backgrounds. This QTL was then tested in a population of F-2 plants developed through one backcross (BC1F(2)) in the PI 567374 source and in a population of F-8 plants derived from a heterozygous F-5 plant in the Ripley source. The LG D2 QTL was also significant in confirmation populations in both resistant backgrounds. Since none of the SDS resistance QTL identified in the RxS-1 or PxO-1 populations mapped to previously reported SDS resistance regions, these new QTL should be useful sources of SDS resistance for soybean breeders. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EMBRAPA Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@uiuc.edu NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11032-006-9072-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 162TJ UT WOS:000246112100005 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, C AF Fagerquist, C. TI Identification of the protein biomarker sequences of non-genomically sequenced bacteria by composite sequence proteomic analysis SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fagerquist, C.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 SU S MA B.4 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264OX UT WOS:000253299000054 ER PT J AU Mandrell, R Garbus, B Harden, L AF Mandrell, R. Garbus, B. Harden, L. TI Comparison of in-house and commercial software for analysis of MALDI-TOF-MS spectra of whole cell lysates for bacterial identification SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mandrell, R.; Garbus, B.; Harden, L.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 SU S MA C.12 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264OX UT WOS:000253299000096 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Gill, BS Faris, JD AF Kumar, Sunil Gill, Bikram S. Faris, Justin D. TI Identification and characterization of segregation distortion loci along chromosome 5B in tetraploid wheat SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; segregation distortion; gamete; meiotic drive; recombination ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; WILD EMMER WHEAT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD MODELS; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; MEIOTIC DRIVE; ALLOZYME GENOTYPES; PREDICTIVE METHOD; MOLECULAR MAP; RFLP MARKERS AB Segregation distortion genes are widespread in plants and animals and function by their effect on competition among gametes for preferential fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the segregation distortion of molecular markers in multiple reciprocal backcross populations derived from unique cytogenetic stocks involving the durum cultivar Langdon (LDN) and wild emmer accessions that allowed us to study the effects of chromosome 5B in isolation. No segregation distortion of female gametes was observed, but three populations developed to analyze segregation of male gametes had genomic regions containing markers with skewed segregation ratios. One region of distortion was due to preferential transmission of LDN alleles over wild emmer alleles through male gametes. Another region required the presence of LDN 5B chromosomes in the female for preferential fertilization by male gametes harboring LDN alleles indicating that the corresponding genes in the female gametes can govern genes affecting segregation distortion of male gametes. A third region of distortion was the result of preferential transmission of wild emmer alleles over LDN alleles through male gametes. These results indicate the existence of different distorter/meiotic drive elements among different genotypes and show that distortion factors along wheat chromosome 5B differ in chromosomal location as well as underlying mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 278 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s00438-007-0248-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 189GD UT WOS:000247976500006 PM 17520291 ER PT J AU Rotter, D Bharti, AK Li, HJM Luo, CY Bonos, SA Bughrara, S Jung, GW Messing, J Meyer, WA Rudd, S Warnke, SE Belanger, FC AF Rotter, David Bharti, Arvind K. Li, Huaijun Michael Luo, Chongyuan Bonos, Stacy A. Bughrara, Suleiman Jung, Geunhwa Messing, Joachim Meyer, William A. Rudd, Stephen Warnke, Scott E. Belanger, Faith C. TI Analysis of EST sequences suggests recent origin of allotetraploid colonial and creeping bentgrasses SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Agrostis; evolution; grass genomics; polyploidy; environmental stress ID SCLEROTINIA-HOMOEOCARPA; GRASS GENOMES; MAIZE GENOME; PLANT RETROTRANSPOSONS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; CHLOROPLAST DNA; POLYPLOID WHEAT; GENES; REGIONS; GENETICS AB Advances in plant genomics have permitted the analysis of several members of the grass family, including the major domesticated species, and provided new insights into the evolution of the major crops on earth. Two members, colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) and creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) have only recently been domesticated and provide an interesting case of polyploidy and comparison to crops that have undergone human selection for thousands of years. As an initial step of characterizing these genomes, we have sampled roughly 10% of their gene content, thereby also serving as a starting point for the construction of their physical and genetic maps. Sampling mRNA from plants subjected to environmental stress showed a remarkable increase in transcription of transposable elements. Both colonial and creeping bentgrass are allotetraploids and are considered to have one genome in common, designated the A(2) genome. Analysis of conserved genes present among the ESTs suggests the colonial and creeping bentgrass A(2) genomes diverged from a common ancestor approximately 2.2 million years ago (MYA), thereby providing an enhanced evolutionary zoom in respect to the origin of maize, which formed 4.8 MYA, and tetraploid wheat, which formed only 0.5 MYA and is the progenitor of domesticated hexaploid wheat. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Plant Genom Initiat, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Turku Ctr Biotechnol, Turku, Finland. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Belanger, FC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM belanger@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Rudd, Stephen/A-6434-2013 OI Rudd, Stephen/0000-0002-0344-7487 NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 278 IS 2 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00438-007-0240-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 189GD UT WOS:000247976500007 PM 17497174 ER PT J AU van de Mortel, M Recknor, JC Graham, MA Nettleton, D Dittman, JD Nelson, RT Godoy, CV Abdelnoor, RV Almeida, AMR Baum, TJ Whitham, SA AF van de Mortel, Martijn Recknor, Justin C. Graham, Michelle A. Nettleton, Dan Dittman, Jaime D. Nelson, Rex T. Godoy, Claudia V. Abdelnoor, Ricardo V. Almeida, Alvaro M. R. Baum, Thomas J. Whitham, Steven A. TI Distinct biphasic mRNA changes in response to Asian soybean rust infection SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE compatible; incompatible; microarray; obligate biotroph; transcriptome ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI SYD; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; CULTURED RICE CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT-CELLS; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; POWDERY MILDEW; DEFENSE RESPONSES; INNATE IMMUNITY; MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS AB Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is now established in all major soybean-producing countries. Currently, there is little information about the molecular basis of ASR-soybean interactions, which will be needed to assist future efforts to develop effective resistance. Toward this end, abundance changes of soybean mRNAs were measured over a 7-day ASR infection time course in mock-inoculated and infected leaves of a soybean accession (PI230970) carrying the Rpp2 resistance gene and a susceptible genotype (Embrapa-48). The expression profiles of differentially expressed genes (ASR-infected compared with the mockinoculated control) revealed a biphasic response to ASR in each genotype. Within the first 12 h after inoculation (hai), which corresponds to fungal germination and penetration of the epidermal cells, differential gene expression changes were evident in both genotypes. mRNA expression of these genes mostly returned to levels found in mock-inoculated plants by 24 hai. In the susceptible genotype, gene expression remained unaffected by rust infection until 96 hai, a time period when rapid fungal growth began. In contrast, gene expression in the resistant genotype diverged from the mock-inoculated control earlier, at 72 h, demonstrating that Rpp2-mediated defenses were initiated prior to this time. These data suggest that ASR initially induces a nonspecific response that is transient or is suppressed when early steps in colonization are completed in both soybean genotypes. The race-specific resistance phenotype of Rpp2 is manifested in massive gene expression changes after the initial response prior to the onset of rapid fungal growth that occurs in the susceptible genotype. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA, Agr Res Serv, CICGR Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Embrapa Soybean Res Ctr, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP Whitham, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swhitham@iastate.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Abdelnoor, Ricardo/F-7011-2012; Abdelnoor, Ricardo/G-4116-2012; Godoy, Claudia/E-3792-2013 NR 85 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 20 IS 8 BP 887 EP 899 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-8-0887 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 192WB UT WOS:000248233000001 PM 17722693 ER PT J AU Dardick, C AF Dardick, Christopher TI Comparative expression profiling of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves systemically infected with three fruit tree viruses SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE biotic stress; cell death; chloroplast; microarray ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; REPLICASE PROTEIN; HOST GENES; PLANTS; RNA; CHLOROPLAST; REVEALS AB Plant viruses cause a wide array of disease symptoms and cytopathic effects. Although some of these changes are virus specific,many appear to be common even among diverse viruses. Currently, little is known about the underlying molecular determinants. To identify gene expression changes that are concomitant with virus symptoms, we performed comparative expression profiling experiments on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with one of three different fruit tree viruses that produce distinct symptoms: Plum pox potyvirus (PPV; leaf distortion and mosaic), Tomato ringspot nepovirus (ToRSV; tissue necrosis and general chlorosis), and Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV; subtle chlorotic mottling). The numbers of statistically significant genes identified were consistent with the severity of the observed symptoms: 1,082 (ToRSV), 744 (PPV), and 89 (PNRSV). In all, 56 % of the gene expression changes found in PPV-infected leaves also were altered by ToRSV, 87 % of which changed in the same direction. Both PPV- and ToRSV-infected leaves showed widespread repression of genes associated with plastid functions. PPV uniquely induced the expression of large numbers of cytosolic ribosomal genes whereas ToRSV repressed the expression of plastidic ribosomal genes. How these and other observed expression changes might be associated with symptom development are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Dardick, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM chris.dardick@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1004 EP 1017 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-8-1004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 192WB UT WOS:000248233000012 PM 17722703 ER PT J AU Gao, JX Liu, ZX Yu, JJ AF Gao, Junxia Liu, Zuoxin Yu, Jiujiang TI Identification of Aspergillus section Flavi in maize in northeastern China SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; geographic divergence; sclerotia; S and L strains; aflatoxins ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITIES; PARASITICUS; AFLATOXINS; COTTON AB Species of Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated and identified in maize samples collected from a wide geographical region in northeastern China. Aspergillus flavus was identified to be the primary species in the population (99%) becoming a potential source of aflatoxin contamination in the region. Isolated A. flavus strains were classified into the S and L strains respectively based on their sclerotia morphology. Among the A. flavus strains identified, L strains dominated over the S strains in the maize samples studied. Both uniseriate and biseriate forms were observed in A. flavus L strain isolates. However, only uniseriate was observed in A. flavus S strain isolates. Microscopic characteristics of L and S strains were observed and reported. Some geographical differences between northeastern China and other countries and regions were discussed. This is the first study on the population dynamics of A. flavus versus A. parasiticus and the L and S strains within A. flavus in maize samples in northeastern China. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Liaoning Key Lab Water Saving Agr, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Zhengzhou Inst Aeronaut Ind Management, Inst Resource & Environm Technol, Zhengzhou 450015, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Liu, ZX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Liaoning Key Lab Water Saving Agr, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM liuzuoxin@yahoo.com.cn NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s11046-007-9029-4 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 194WD UT WOS:000248373600006 PM 17570080 ER PT J AU Raboy, V AF Raboy, Victor TI The ABCs of low-phytate crops SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEEDS; PHOSPHATE; PHENOTYPE; MUTATION; KINASES C1 USDA, ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM vraboy@uidaho.edu NR 12 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 8 BP 874 EP 875 DI 10.1038/nbt0807-874 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 199WL UT WOS:000248725800021 PM 17687363 ER PT J AU Beecher, JF AF Beecher, James F. TI Wood, trees and nanotechnology SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item AB The cellulose nanofibrils that are found in wood and other natural materials are similar to carbon nanotubes in many ways and could be used to strengthen composites for manufacturing. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Beecher, JF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jbeecher@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 2 IS 8 BP 466 EP 467 DI 10.1038/nnano.2007.239 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 204RY UT WOS:000249062900008 PM 18654341 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Carey, AN Jenkins, D Rabin, BM Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Carey, Amanda N. Jenkins, Daniel Rabin, Bernard M. Joseph, James A. TI Beneficial effects of fruit extracts on neuronal function and behavior in a rodent model of accelerated aging SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE Morris water maze; cognitive performance; irradiation; oxidative stress; inflammation; antioxidants; dietary supplementation; polyphenols ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; WATER-MAZE; AGED RATS; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; IONIZING-RADIATION; MUSCARINIC CONTROL; STRIATAL DOPAMINE AB Exposing young rats to particles of high-energy and charge (HZE particles) enhances indices of oxidative stress and inflammation and disrupts the functioning of the dopaminergic system and behaviors mediated by this system in a manner similar to that seen in aged animals. Previous research has shown that diets supplemented with 2% blueberry or strawberry extracts have the ability to retard and even reverse age-related deficits in behavior and signal transduction in rats, perhaps due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the efficacy of these diets on irradiation-induced deficits in these parameters by maintaining rats on these diets or a control diet for 8 weeks prior to being exposed to whole-body irradiation with 1.5 Gy of 1 GeV/n high-energy 56 Fe particles. Irradiation impaired performance in the Morris water maze and measures of dopamine release I month following radiation; these deficits were protected by the antioxidant diets. The strawberry diet offered better protection against spatial deficits in the maze because strawberry-fed animals were better able to retain place information (a hippocampally mediated behavior) compared to controls. The blueberry diet, on the other hand, seemed to improve reversal learning, a behavior more dependent on intact striatal function. These data suggest that 56 Fe particle irradiation causes deficits in behavior and signaling in rats which were ameliorated by an antioxidant diet and that the polyphenols in these fruits might be acting in different brain re-ions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.hale@tufts.edu NR 56 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 EI 1558-1497 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.031 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 179FU UT WOS:000247275900006 PM 16837106 ER PT J AU Bernardo, A McCord, M Troen, AM Allison, JD McDonald, MP AF Bernardo, Alexandra McCord, Meghan Troen, Aron M. Allison, John D. McDonald, Michael P. TI Impaired spatial memory in APP-overexpres sing mice on a homocysteinemia-inducing diet SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer; amyloid; behavior; learning; water maze; memory; delayed non-matching to position; delayed conditional discrimination; transgenic; folate; folic acid; homocysteine ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE; GALANIN ANTAGONIST M40; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; ANIMAL-MODELS; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; CHOICE ACCURACY; MOUSE MODEL AB Consumption of a diet that significantly elevates homocysteine (homocysteinemia) induces cell death in the CA3 hippocampal subfield in amyloid precursor protein (APP) over-expressing transgenic mice but not in wild-type controls. We assessed behavioral and other neuropathological effects of a homocysteinemia-inducing diet in aged APP-overexpres sing mice. Starting at 16-18 months of age, mice were fed either a treatment diet lacking folate, choline, and methionine, and supplemented with homocysteine, or a control diet containing normal amounts of folate, choline and methionine but no homocysteine. After 5 months on the experimental diets, performance on a delayed non-matching-to-position working-memory task was unimpaired. In contrast, spatial reference memory in the water maze was impaired in transgenic mice on the treatment diet. Transgenic mice had higher homocysteine levels than wild-type mice even when fed the control diet, suggesting an effect of genotype on homocysteine metabolism. Methyl-donor deficiency did not alter amyloid deposition in the transgenic mice. These results suggest that disrupted homocysteine metabolism may induce A beta-associated memory impairments and neurodegeneration in APP overexpressing truce. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Program Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, John F Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McDonald, MP (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, 851 Light Hall Mail Stop 0325, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM mike.mcdonald@vanderbilt.edu OI McDonald, Michael P./0000-0002-9642-964X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG022439]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD015052] NR 47 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1195 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.035 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 179FU UT WOS:000247275900007 PM 16837103 ER PT J AU Saiget, DA Sloat, MR Reeves, GH AF Saiget, D. A. Sloat, M. R. Reeves, G. H. TI Spawning and movement behavior of migratory coastal cutthroat trout on the western Copper River Delta, Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; PATTERNS AB We studied the movement patterns of migratory coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in the western Copper River delta, Alaska, near the northern extent of the subspecies' distribution. Life history information for coastal cutthroat trout is scarce within this region. Movement of coastal cutthroat trout was monitored from 1994 to 1996 with radiotelemetry and tag-recapture of fish at a two-way fishweir. Radio-tracking of 20 adults was conducted for a period ranging from 5 to 343 d. We observed anadromous and potamodromous migrations by fish that were morphologically indistinguishable and spanned a similar size range (mean fork length = 364 mm). Within these migratory groups, fish exhibited variation in movement patterns including the timing of entry to spawning streams and postspawning movements. Anadromous and potamedromous fish entered study streams either during fall to overwinter and then spawn or during the spring. ust before spawning. Spawning was most concentrated in the upper portions of the study streams and occurred upstream to the highest available areas. Postspawning movements of potamodromous fish consisted of small-scale (< 2 km) movement within the spawning stream or longer movements to larger rivers or lakes. Anadromous fish migrated to estuarine or marine habitat after spawning. Both anadromous and potamodromous fish moved to lentic freshwater habitat to overwinter. Our results provide empirical evidence for an array of life histories displayed by coastal cutthroat trout in south-central Alaska. We attribute the variety of movement patterns, at least in part, to the diverse assemblage of available habitat and seasonally abundant food resources provided by Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Future management should maintain the quality of and connectivity between reproductive, trophic, and refuge habitats distributed throughout the western Copper River delta. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Chugach Natl Forest, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sloat, MR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Mt Hood Natl Forest, 70220 E Hwy 26, Zigzag, OR 97049 USA. EM matt@stillwatersci.com NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1029 EP 1040 DI 10.1577/M06-037.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900036 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Park, HJ Chun, HK Cho, SY Jung, HJ Cho, SM Kim, DY Kang, MS Lillehoj, HS AF Lee, Sung-Hyen Park, Hong-Ju Chun, Hye-Kyung Cho, So-Young Jung, Hyun-Jin Cho, Soo-Muk Kim, Dae-Yong Kang, Min-Soo Lillehoj, Hyun Soon TI Dietary phytic acid improves serum and hepatic lipid levels in aged ICR mice fed a high-cholesterol diet SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; aged mice; serum; liver; lipid level ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DIABETIC KK MICE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; TRIGLYCERIDES; ISOFLAVONES; PHOSPHORUS; MAGNESIUM; RESPONSES AB Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon. Several clinical conditions directly related to lipid metabolism that induces hypertriglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular disease occur during aging. Attention has been focused on possible intervention strategies to control serum lipid levels. Phytic acid is a plant component in most grains that is the main source of energy intake for the aged, and its antioxidant and antinutrient effects have been reported. However, its effect on lipid metabolism in the aged model has not been evaluated. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of phytic acid on serum and hepatic lipid levels in aged mice. A total of 40 aged ICR male mice were fed purified diets supplemented with 0% (PO), 0.5% (P5), 1.0% (P10), and 1.5% (P15) sodium phytate for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in food intake, body weight, and organ weight among the experimental groups. The concentrations of the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol, and the apparent absorption rates of total lipid and cholesterol were lower in the P15 group than in the PO group. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of all groups fed phytate-containing diets were higher than that of the PO group. The severity of fatty liver decreased as phytate percentage in the diet increased. The amounts of fecal total lipid, triacyglycerol, and total cholesterol were higher in the P10 and the P15 groups. These results suggested that phytate affect the serum and hepatic lipid levels in aged mice by increasing their fecal lipid content. Consuming phytate-rich foods may reduce serum and hepatic lipid levels in the aged. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 RDA, NIAST, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, HJ (reprint author), RDA, NIAST, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. EM redpark@rda.go.kr NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 8 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.05.003 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 200QM UT WOS:000248777900009 ER PT J AU Monteiro, RM Richtzenhain, LJ Pena, HFJ Souza, SLP Funada, MR Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Keid, LB Soares, RM AF Monteiro, R. M. Richtzenhain, L. J. Pena, H. F. J. Souza, S. L. P. Funada, M. R. Gennari, S. M. Dubey, J. P. Sreekumar, C. Keid, L. B. Soares, R. M. TI Molecular phylogenetic analysis in Hammondia-like organisms based on partial Hsp70 coding sequences SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apicomplexa; coccidian; toxoplasmatinae; heat-shock protein; ITS-1; phylogeny ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GENE SEQUENCE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; DOGS; DNA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; HEYDORNI; EUKARYOTES AB The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) sequences are considered one of the most conserved proteins in all domains of life from Archaea to eukaryotes. Hammondia heydorni, H. hammondi, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora hughesi and N. canimum (Hammondia-like organisms) are closely related tissue cyst-forming coccidians that belong to the subfamily Toxoplasmatinae. The phylogenetic reconstruction using cytoplasmic Hsp70 coding genes of Hammondia-like organisms revealed the genetic sequences of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and H. heydorni to possess similar levels of evolutionary distance. In addition, at least 2 distinct genetic groups could be recognized among the H. heydorni isolates. Such results are in agreement with those obtained with internal transcribed spacer-1 rDNA (ITS-1) sequences. In order to compare the nucleotide diversity among different taxonomic levels within Apicomplexa, Hsp70 coding sequences of the following apicomplexan organisms were included in this study: Cryptosporidium, Theileria, Babesia, Plasmodium and Cyclospora, Such analysis revealed the Hammondia-like organism to be the lowest divergent group when compared to other groups within the phylum Apicomplexa. In conclusion, the Hsp70 coding sequences proved to be a valuable genetic marker for phylogenetic reconstruction and may constitute a good candidate to be used with other genes for species phylogeny within this group of organisms. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Soares, RM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Ave Prof Dr Orlando Marques Paiva, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM rosoares@usp.br RI Keid, Lara/F-2714-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; PENA, HILDA/K-4506-2012; Soares, Rodrigo/E-8747-2015; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 134 BP 1195 EP 1203 DI 10.1017/S0031182007002612 PN 9 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 198VE UT WOS:000248654800006 PM 17462122 ER PT J AU Quan, B Zhu, HJ Chen, SL Romkens, MJM Li, BC AF Quan Bin Zhu He-Jian Chen Song-Lin Romkens, M. J. M. Li Bi-Cheng TI Land suitability assessment and land use change in Fujian Province, China SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Fujian Province; GIS; land evaluation; land use change; remote sensing AB To present the current status of land quality and distribution and the trends in land use change, the physical suitability of cropland and forestland and the associated changes in Fujian Province were evaluated and analyzed using data obtained from geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Of the total land area of Fujian Province, first class suitable cropland accounted for only 4.21%, whereas unsuitable cropland accounted for 84.78%. The percentage of first class suitable cropland in the southeastern region (5.32%) was much higher than that in the northwestern area (2.91%). Only 13.63% of the existing cropland area consisted of first class cropland and 70.08% was classified as unsuitable for cultivation. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, the first class forestland comprised 55.25% and the unsuitable forestland (including third class) comprised 21.2%. The percentage of unsuitable forest area in the existing forestland was only 5.5%. From 1996 to 2001, cropland and unused land decreased significantly, whereas forestland and land used for urban and transport increased rapidly. Therefore, the major tasks ahead will be the land development for full grain production potential, the better coordination of allocating land to different uses, and the regulation inappropriate activities that damage agricultural ecosystems. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Minist Educ, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. Fujian Normal Univ, Key Lab Subtrop Resources & Environm Fujian Prov, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Quan, B (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Soil & Water Conservat & Ecol Environm, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. EM quanbin308@yahoo.com.cn NR 22 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60059-9 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 196GE UT WOS:000248468900010 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, James A. TI Low carbon dioxide concentrations can reverse stomatal closure during water stress SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; LEAF; CO2; LEAVES; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUNFLOWER; LIMITATIONS; HUMIDITY AB Leaf water potentials below threshold values result in reduced stomatal conductance (g(s)). Stomatal closure at low leaf water potentials may serve to protect against cavitation of xylem. Possible control of g(s) by leaf water potential or hydraulic conductance was tested by drying the rooting medium in four herbaceous annual species until g(s) was reduced and then lowering the [CO2] to determine whether g(s) and transpiration rate could be increased and leaf water potential decreased and whether hydraulic conductance was reduced at the resulting lower leaf water potential. In all species, low [CO2] could reverse the stomatal closure because of drying despite further reductions in leaf water potential, and the resulting lower leaf water potentials did not result in reductions in hydraulic conductance. The relative sensitivity of g(s) to internal [CO2] in the leaves of dry plants of each species averaged three to four times higher than in leaves of wet plants. Two species in which g(s) was reputed to be insensitive to [CO2] were examined to determine whether high leaf to air water vapor pressure differences (D) resulted in increased stomatal sensitivity to [CO2]. In both species, stomatal sensitivity to [CO2] was indeed negligible at low D, but increased with D, and low [CO2] partly or fully reversed closure caused by high D. In no case did low leaf water potential or low hydraulic conductance during drying of the air or the rooting medium prevent low [CO2] from increasing g(s) and transpiration rate. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.bunce@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 130 IS 4 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00937.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 188NE UT WOS:000247925800008 ER PT J AU Morse, AM Tschaplinski, TJ DerviniS, C Pijut, PM Schmelz, EA Day, W Davis, JM AF Morse, Alison M. Tschaplinski, Timothy J. DerviniS, Christopher Pijut, Paula M. Schmelz, Eric A. Day, Wendy Davis, John M. TI Salicylate and catechol levels are maintained in nahG transgenic poplar SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Populus treniula x P. alba hybrid; salicaceae; phenolic glycoside; catechol; quinic acid; salicylic acid; salicylate hydroxylase; nahG ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; FOREST TENT CATERPILLARS; PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES; METABOLITE PROFILES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GYPSY MOTHS; ACCUMULATION; ASPEN AB Metabolic profiling was used to investigate the molecular phenotypes of a transgenic Populus tremula x P. alba hybrid expressing the nahG transgene, a bacteria] gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase that converts salicylic acid to catechol. Despite the efficacy of this transgenic approach to reduce salicylic acid levels in other model systems and thereby elucidate roles for salicylic acid in plant signaling, transgenic poplars had similar foliar levels of salicylic acid and catechol to that of non-transformed controls and exhibited no morphological phenotypes. To gain a deeper understanding of the basis for these observations, we analyzed metabolic profiles of leaves as influenced by transgene expression. Expression of nahG decreased quinic acid conjugates and increased catechol glucoside, while exerting little effect on levels of salicylic acid and catechol, the substrate and product, respectively, of the nahG enzyme. This suggests a biological role of elevated constitutive salicylic acid levels in Populus, in contrast to other plant systems in which nahG dramatically reduces salicylic acid levels. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, No Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Morse, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ammorse@ufl.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 15 BP 2043 EP 2052 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.05.014 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 203LS UT WOS:000248976700003 PM 17599371 ER PT J AU Golubenko, Z Akhunov, A Khashimova, A Beresneva, L Mustakimova, E Ibragimov, F Abdurashidova, N Stipanovic, R AF Golubenko, Zamira Akhunov, Alik Khashimova, Nigora Beresneva, Yuliana Mustakimova, Elmira Ibragimov, Fazil Abdurashidova, Nigora Stipanovic, Robert TI Induction of peroxidase as a disease resistance response in resistant (Hibiscus trionum) and susceptible (Althea armeniaca) species in the family Malvaceae SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE Althea armeniaca; chitin; Hibiscus trionum; peroxidase isozymes; resistance; Verticillium dahliae ID VERTICILLIUM ALBO-ATRUM; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BINDING PROTEIN; COTTON; PLANTS; ISOPEROXIDASES; TRANSDUCTION; INOCULATION; CHITINASE AB The pathogen-induced biosynthesis of peroxidase (PO) in resistant and susceptible wild species of Malvaceae was studied. Specifically, Hibiscus trionium was found to be resistant to the wilt pathogen Verticillitun dahliae, and Althea armeniaca was susceptible. After inoculation with V dahliae, PO activity increased more rapidly in the resistant plant: increased activity in H. trionum was noted within I h after inoculation, remained high for 5 h, and decreased after 18 h. After 5 days, the levels did not differ from the control. In the susceptible A. armeniaca. PO activity did not differ statistically from the control even after 18 h, but was significantly higher after 5 days. Electrophoretic analysis of inoculated tissue extracts showed the occurrence of two new isoforms in H. trionum after inoculation: new isoforms did not occur in A. armeniaca. A chitin affinity chromatography column showed the presence of a chitin-binding peroxidase isozyme in healthy H. trionuln that increased dramatically after inoculation. Two chitin-binding peroxidase isozymes were observed in healthy A. al-Inelliaca: one (R-f 0.26) did not increase and the other (R-f 0.89) evinced only a small increase after inoculation. C1 Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Golubenko, Z (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. EM zamira@ibchem.ccc.uz NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-2123 EI 1876-7184 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1007/BF02980704 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 205RZ UT WOS:000249133600012 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Shier, WT Cartwright, RD AF Abbas, Hamed K. Shier, W. Thomas Cartwright, Rick D. TI Effet of temperature, rainfall and planting date on aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, in commercial Bt and non-Bt-corn hybrids in Arkansas SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids; date of planting; fumonisin; maize; weather factors ID ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; CROP ROTATION; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE; FUSARIUM; MANAGEMENT; GRAIN; B-1; USA AB Corn (maize, Zea mays) is susceptible to contamination with aflatoxins, fumonisins and other mycotoxins, particularly in the southeastern USA. In principle, mycotoxin contamination could be reduced in commercial corn hybrids with shorter growing seasons by planting at dates which minimize plant stress during the critical kernel-filling period. To evaluate this strategy, commercial Bt and non-Bt hybrids were planted in Arkansas in mid-April and early May of 2002, 2004 and 2005. The mid-April planting date resulted in lower aflatoxin contamination in harvested corn each yr and in significantly less frequent contamination above a regulatory action level in 2005 and overall than did the early-May planting date in both Bt and non-Bt corn. The mid-April planting date resulted in significantly lower total fumonisin contamination in harvested corn and in less frequent contamination above a regulatory advisory level than the early May planting date in 2 of 3 yr and overall in both Bt and non-Bt corn. All fumonisin subtypes studied were reduced. Frequent co-occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin was observed. Fumonisin levels averaged lower in Bt hybrids than in non-Bt hybrids at all plantings. Reduced aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination with mid-April planting could not be explained by any measure of heat stress during the kernel-filling period. C1 [Abbas, Hamed K.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, W. Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cartwright, Rick D.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 271RC UT WOS:000253805400001 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Ma, GY Pasco, DS Bedir, E Kirimer, N Baser, KHC Khan, IA Khan, SI AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Ma, Guoyi Pasco, David S. Bedir, Erdal Kirimer, Nese Baser, K. Husnu Can Khan, Ikhlas A. Khan, Shabana I. TI Effect of essential oils and isolated compounds from Pimpinella species on NF-kappa B: A target for antiinflammatory therapy SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pimpinella species; phenylpropanoid; essential oil; NF-kappa B mediated transcription ID COLON-CANCER; INHIBITORS; ESTERS; TURKEY AB Pimpinella essential oils and isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory activity against NF-kappa B mediated transcription in SW1353 cells. Twelve oils were effective in inhibiting NF-kappa B mediated transcription. Especially the roots of P. corymbosa, P. tragium and P. rhodanta showed potent activities with IC50 values of 2, 3 and 6 mu g/mL, respectively. Five pure compounds, 7 (4-(2-propenyl)phenylangelate), 12 (4-(3methyloxiranyl)phenyltiglate), 17 (4-methoxy-2-(3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl isobutyrate), 18 (4-methoxy-2-(3methyloxiranyl)phenylangelate) and 21 (epoxy pseudoisoeugenol-2-methylbutyrate) inhibited NF-kappa B mediated transcription with IC50 values of 5.5, 1.2, 0.01, 3.6 and 11 mu g/mL, respectively. None of the compounds were cytotoxic to mammalian cells. These findings add significant information to the pharmacological activity of Pimpinella species and their beneficial effects and use in disease prevention especially those related to inflammation. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Bioengn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. EM skhan@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.1002/ptr.2154 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 197LL UT WOS:000248556900006 PM 17450505 ER PT J AU Zhou, LL Bai, GH Carver, B Zhang, DD AF Zhou, Li-Li Bai, Gui-Hua Carver, Brett Zhang, Da-Dong TI Identification of new sources of aluminum resistance in wheat SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE triticum aestivum; Al resistance; marker-assisted selection; acidic soil ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; TOLERANCE GENE; ACID SOILS; ALMT1 GENE; MARKERS; REGISTRATION; IMPROVEMENT; TOXICITY AB Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for wheat production in acidic soils. An Al resistance gene on chromosome 4DL that traces to Brazilian wheat has been extensively studied, and can provide partial protection from Al damage. To identify potentially new sources of Al resistance, 590 wheat accessions, including elite wheat breeding lines from the United States and other American and European countries, landraces and commercial cultivars from East Asia, and synthetic wheat lines from CIMMYT, Mexico, were screened for Al resistance by measuring relative root elongation in culture with a nutrient solution containing Al, and by staining Al-stressed root tips with hematoxylin. Eighty-eight wheat accessions demonstrated at least moderate resistance to Al toxicity. Those selected lines were subjected to analysis of microsatellite markers linked to an Al resistance gene on 4DL and a gene marker for the Al-activated malate transporter (ALMT1) locus. Many of the selected Al-resistant accessions from East Asia did not have the Al-resistant marker alleles of ALMT1, although they showed Al resistance similar to the US Al-resistant cultivar, Atlas 66. Most of the cultivars derived from Jagger and Atlas 66 have the Al-resistant marker alleles of ALMT1. Cluster analysis separated the selected Al-resistant germplasm into two major clusters, labeled as Asian and American-European clusters. Potentially new germplasm of Al resistance different from those derived from Brazil were identified. Further investigation of Al resistance in those new germplasms may reveal alternative Al-resistance mechanisms in wheat. C1 USDA, ARS Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA, ARS Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2007 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9324-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 201TX UT WOS:000248856600009 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW Kinraide, TB Baligar, VC AF Zobel, Richard W. Kinraide, Thomas B. Baligar, Virupax C. TI Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE fine roots; root diameter; nutrients; AMMI-VC; relative diameter class length; diameter class ID BRANCH ROOTS; ALUMINUM; GROWTH; MAIZE; ZEA; ELONGATION; MORPHOLOGY; TOXICITY; CA2+; SOIL AB Plant roots function in the critical role of water and nutrient uptake. Although extensive data exist on functioning of seedling roots, little is known of the actual functionality of the fine roots of mature plants. Although this class of root represents 90% or more of the total root length of a given mature plant, their small size has inhibited detailed studies. Commonly, the critical metrics for studies of root function are root length and total weight, expressed as Specific Root Length. The metric that classifies "fine roots," root diameter, is rarely a focus except as average diameter, even though this is the primary characteristic from which accurate estimates of surface area and volume can be calculated. Using data from several preliminary experiments, this study shows consistent changes in measured fine root diameter with changes in concentration of some nutrients. Twelve different species demonstrated concentration dependent diameter increases, or decreases, in response to increasing concentrations of nitrate, phosphorus, aluminum or tannic acid. On the other hand, Cacao (Theobroma cacao L) fine roots changed diameter in response to changes in nitrate concentration, but not ammonium. Clearly pattern of diameter change in response to nutrient concentration is dependent on nutrient, species and their interaction. It is suggested that the routine assessment of fine root diameter will be essential to understanding nutrient uptake dynamics. C1 USDA, ARS, AFSRSC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA, ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, AFSRSC, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rich.zobel@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2007 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9341-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 201TX UT WOS:000248856600021 ER PT J AU Olivera, PD Kolmer, JA Anikster, Y Steffenson, BJ AF Olivera, P. D. Kolmer, J. A. Anikster, Y. Steffenson, B. J. TI Resistance of sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to fungal diseases of wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; wild wheat ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; F-SP TRITICI; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS-HORDEI; LEAF RUST; TAN-SPOT; UNITED-STATES; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; STRIPE RUST; INFECTION RESPONSES; POWDERY MILDEW AB Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) is a wild relative of wheat that is native to Israel and Lebanon. The importance of A. sharonensis as a source of new resistance genes for wheat warrants additional research on the characterization of accessions for economically important genes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a collection of A. sharonensis accessions for resistance to seven important fungal diseases of wheat and assess the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm for disease reaction. The frequency of resistance in A. sharonensis was highest to powdery mildew (79 to 83%) and leaf rust (60 to 77%). Resistance to stem rust also was common, although the percentage of resistant accessions varied markedly depending on the pathogen race-from 13% to race TTTT to 72% to race QCCJ. The frequency of resistance was intermediate to stripe rust (45%) and low to tan spot (15 to 29%) and spot blotch (0 to 34%). None of the A. sharonensis accessions was resistant to Fusarium head blight. Many of the accessions tested exhibited heterogeneous reactions (i.e., had both resistant and susceptible plants) to one or more of the diseases, suggesting that heterozygosity may be present at some resistance loci. Substantial variation was observed in the level of diversity to individual diseases because Shannon's Equitability index ranged from 0.116 (for Fusarium head blight) to 0.994 (for tan spot). A high level of diversity was found both between and within collection sites. Moreover, differences in the geographic distribution of resistant accessions were observed. For example, accessions from northern Israel generally were less diverse and less resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust than accessions from more southern locations. Four A. sharonensis accessions were highly resistant to most of the diseases evaluated and may provide a source of unique resistance genes for introgression into cultivated wheat. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Steffenson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bsteffen@umn.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 942 EP 950 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0942 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100004 ER PT J AU Subbarao, KV Kabir, Z Martin, FN Koike, ST AF Subbarao, K. V. Kabir, Z. Martin, F. N. Koike, S. T. TI Management of soilborne diseases in strawberry using vegetable rotations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE MICROSCLEROTIA; BRASSICA BREAK-CROPS; METHYL-BROMIDE; FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; BROCCOLI RESIDUE; SOIL; WILT; CAULIFLOWER; ISOTHIOCYANATE; BIOFUMIGATION AB The influence of crop rotation on soilborne diseases and yield of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) was determined at a site infested with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia and at another with no known history of V dahliae infestation during 1997 to 2000. The rotations studied at the V dahliae-infested site were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) Brussels sprouts-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry; the treatments at the site with no history of V dahliae were (i) broccoli-broccoli -strawberry, (ii) cauliflower-cauliflower-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry. The effects of rotation on V dahliae and Pythium populations strawberry vigor, Verticillium wilt severity, and strawberry fruit yield were compared with a standard methyl bromide + chloropicrin fumigated control treatment at both sites. Rotations did not alter total population levels of Pythium spp. at either study site. However, V dahliae microsclerotia were significantly reduced with broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations compared with lettuce rotations at the V dahliae-infested site. Reduced propagules led to lower Verticillium wilt severity on strawberry plants in the broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations than in lettuce-rotated plots. Strawberry vigor and fruit yield were significantly lower in lettuce-rotated plots than in broccoli- and Brussels sprouts-rotated plots. Despite no detectable microsclerotia at the other site, strawberry vigor and fruit yield were greatest in plots rotated with broccoli, intermediate with cauliflower, and lowest with lettuce. None of the rotation treatments were better than the fumigated control for all variables measured. In the absence of fumigation, rotation with broccoli and Brussels sprouts is an effective cultural practice for managing Verticillium wilt in strawberry production; whereas, in fields with no detectable V dahliae, broccoli is also a feasible rotational crop that enhances strawberry growth and yield. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the broccoli-strawberry rotation system could be an economically viable option provided growers are able to alternate years for strawberry cultivation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, C-O US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ California Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, C-O US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 964 EP 972 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0964 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100007 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2005 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; specific virulence ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; WINTER WHEATS; 2 POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; CANADA; YIELD; VARIETIES; MEXICO AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2005. Single uredinial isolates (797 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes LrI, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, LH10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2005, 72 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype TDBGH, selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr24, was the most common phenotype in the United States, and was found throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotype MCDSB with virulence to Lr17a and Lr26 was the second most common phenotype and was found widely in the wheat growing regions of the United States. Virulence phenotype MFPSC, which has virulence to Lr17a, Lr24, and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the Ohio Valley region, the Great Plains, and California. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance to leaf rust. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 979 EP 984 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0979 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100009 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Mansour, MR AF Smilanick, J. L. Mansour, M. R. TI Influence of temperature and humidity on survival of Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Geotrichum candidum; heat treatment; postharvest ID ASPERGILLUS SECTION NIGRI; POSTHARVEST HOT-WATER; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; CONIDIA; MOISTURE; STORAGE; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; NEUROSPORA AB Longevity of conidia of Penicillium digitatum (cause of citrus green mold) and arthroconidia of Geotrichum citri-aurantii (cause of sour rot of citrus) was determined under controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH) or ambient summer conditions in central California. Longevity at low RH was longer than at high RH. Hours to kill 99% of the conidia (LT99) of nine P digitatum isolates were determined at 50 degrees C and 75 or 95% RH. At 75 and 95% RH, the LT99 was 24.9 and 4.9 It, respectively. The LT99 was 30 and 42 days, respectively, for conidia of P. digitatum under ambient conditions at two outdoor locations. The LT99 of arthroconidia of G. citria-urantii from colonies cultured on potato dextrose agar was briefer than that of conidia of P. digitatum. At 45 degrees C and 75 or 95% RH, the LT99 was about 4 and 2 It, respectively, whereas at 50 degrees C, none was viable after 1 h at either humidity. Sanitation is an important practice for managing these diseases. Since there was little or no survival of either fungus after 1 day at 50 degrees C and 75% RH or higher, we conclude that commercial sanitation could employ a similar regime. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Jsmilanick@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 990 EP 996 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0990 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100011 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Turechek, WW Mahaffee, WF AF Gent, David H. Turechek, William W. Mahaffee, Walter F. TI Sequential sampling for estimation and classification of the incidence of hop powdery mildew I: Leaf sampling SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; EUROPEAN CHAFER COLEOPTERA; SPATIAL-PATTERN ANALYSIS; CONTROL DECISION RULE; SWEET CORN; HETEROGENEITY; AGGREGATION; MANAGEMENT; STRAWBERRY; THRESHOLD AB Hop powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) is an important disease of hops (Humulus lupulus) in the Pacific Northwest. Sequential sampling models for estimation and classification of the incidence of powdery mildew on leaves of hop were developed based on the beta-binomial distribution, using parameter estimates of the binary power law determined in previous studies. Stop lines, models that indicate that enough information has been collected to estimate disease incidence and cease sampling, for sequential estimation were validated by bootstrap simulations of a select group of 18 data sets (out of a total of 198 data sets) from the model-construction data, and through simulated sampling of 104 data sets collected independently (i.e., validation data sets). The achieved coefficient of variation (C) approached prespecified C values as the achieved disease incidence (p) increased. Achieving a C of 0.1 was not possible for data sets in which p < 0.10. The 95% confidence interval of the median difference between the true p and included zero for 16 of 18 data sets evaluated at C = 0.2 and all data sets when C = 0.1. For sequential classification, Monte-Carlo simulations were used to determine the probability of classifying mean disease incidence as less than a threshold incidence, p, (operating characteristic [OC]), and average sample number (ASN) curves for 16 combinations of candidate stop lines and error levels (alpha and beta). Four pairs of stop lines were selected for further evaluation based on the results of the Monte-Carlo simulations. Bootstrap simulations of the 18 selected data sets indicated that the OC and ASN curves of the sequential sampling plans for each of the four sets of stop lines were similar to OC and ASN values determined by Monte Carlo simulation. Correct classification of disease incidence as being above or below preselected thresholds was 2.0 to 7.7% higher when stop lines were determined by the beta-binomial approximation than when stop lines were calculated using the binomial distribution. Correct decision rates differed depending on the location where sampling was initiated in the hop yard; however, in all instances were greater than 86% when stop lines were determined using the beta-binomial approximation. The sequential sampling plans evaluated in this study should allow for rapid and accurate estimation and classification of the incidence of hop leaves with powdery mildew, and aid in sampling for pest management decision making. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, US Hor Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1002 EP 1012 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1002 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100013 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Turechek, WW Mahaffee, WF AF Gent, David H. Turechek, William W. Mahaffee, Walter F. TI Sequential sampling for estimation and classification of the incidence of hop powdery mildew II: Cone sampling SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; AGGREGATION; STRAWBERRY AB Sequential sampling models for estimation and classification of the incidence of powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) on hop (Humulus lupulus) cones were developed using parameter estimates of the binary power law derived from the analysis of 221 transect data sets (model construction data set) collected from 41 hop yards sampled in Oregon and Washington from 2000 to 2005. Stop lines, models that determine when sufficient information has been collected to estimate mean disease incidence and stop sampling, for sequential estimation were validated by bootstrap simulation using a subset of 21 model construction data sets and simulated sampling of an additional 13 model construction data sets. Achieved coefficient of variation (C) approached the prespecified C as the estimated disease incidence,, increased, although achieving a C of 0.1 was not possible for data sets in which p < 0.03 with the number of sampling units evaluated in this study. The 95% confidence interval of the median difference between of each yard (achieved by sequential sampling) and the true p of the original data set included 0 for all 21 data sets evaluated at levels of C of 0. 1 and 0.2. For sequential classification, operating characteristic (OC) and average sample number (ASN) curves of the sequential sampling plans obtained by bootstrap analysis and simulated sampling were similar to the OC and ASN values determined by Monte Carlo simulation. Correct decisions of whether disease incidence was above or below prespecified thresholds (p,) were made for 84.6 or 100% of the data sets during simulated sampling when stop lines were determined assuming a binomial or beta-binomial distribution of disease incidence, respectively. However, the higher proportion of correct decisions obtained by assuming a beta-binomial distribution of disease incidence required, on average, sampling 3.9 more plants per sampling round to classify disease incidence compared with the binomial distribution. Use of these sequential sampling plans may aid growers in deciding the order in which to harvest hop yards to minimize the risk of a condition called "cone early maturity" caused by late-season infection of cones by P. macularis. Also, sequential sampling could aid in research efforts, such as efficacy trials, where many hop cones are assessed to determine disease incidence. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1013 EP 1020 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1013 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100014 ER PT J AU Deng, X Zhou, G Li, H Chen, J Civerolo, EL AF Deng, X. Zhou, G. Li, H. Chen, J. Civerolo, E. L. TI Nested-PCR detection and sequence confirmation of 'Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus' from Murraya paniculata in Guangdong, China. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID GREENING DISEASE; CITRUS C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Deng, X (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1051 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1051C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100022 ER PT J AU Irish, BM Goenaga, R Park, S Kang, S AF Irish, B. M. Goenaga, R. Park, S. Kang, S. TI First report of Phytophthora palmivora, causal agent of black pod, on cacao in Puerto Rico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. S China Agr univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Civerolo Crop Dis Pests & Genet res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Irish, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1051 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1051B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100021 ER PT J AU Mojtahedi, H Brown, CR Zhang, LH AF Mojtahedi, H. Brown, C. R. Zhang, L. H. TI A new pathotype of Meloidogyne chitwoodi race 1 from Washington State. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. S China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Lab Citrus Huanglongbing Res, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Mojtahedi, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. OI Zhang, Linhai/0000-0003-1009-6870 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1051 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1051A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192JQ UT WOS:000248198100020 ER EF