FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stover, DB Day, FP Butnor, JR Drake, BG AF Stover, Daniel B. Day, Frank P. Butnor, John R. Drake, Bert G. TI Effect of elevated Co-2 on coarse-root biomass in Florida scrub detected by ground-penetrating radar SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; coarse-root biomass; ground-penetrating radar; roots; scrub oak ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FINE ROOTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OAK ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEMS; RESPONSES; FOREST; FIELD; SOIL AB Growth and distribution of coarse roots in time and space represent a gap in our understanding of belowground ecology. Large roots may play a critical role in carbon sequestration belowground. Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we quantified coarseroot biomass from an open-top chamber experiment in a scrub-oak ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA. GPR propagates electromagnetic waves directly into the soil and reflects a portion of the energy when a buried object is contacted. In our study, we utilized a 1500 MHz antenna to establish correlations between GPR signals and root biomass. A significant relationship was found between GPR signal reflectance and biomass (R-2 = 0.68). This correlation was applied to multiple GPR scans taken from each open-top chamber (elevated and ambient C0(2)). Our results showed that plots receiving elevated C02 had significantly (P = 0.049) greater coarse-root biomass compared to ambient plots, suggesting that coarse roots may play a large role in carbon sequestration in scrub-Oak ecosystems. This nondestructive method holds much promise for rapid and repeatable quantification of coarse roots, which are currently the most elusive aspect of long-term belowground studies. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Stover, DB (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM dstover@odu.edu RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 46 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1334 DI 10.1890/06-0989 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166HN UT WOS:000246369900027 PM 17536418 ER PT J AU Garikipati, DK Gahr, SA Roalson, EH Rodgers, BD AF Garikipati, Dilip K. Gahr, Scott A. Roalson, Eric H. Rodgers, Buel D. TI Characterization of rainbow trout myostatin-2 genes (rtMSTN-2a and-2b): Genomic organization, differential expression, and pseudogenization SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MUSCLE GROWTH; TELEOST FISH; UP-REGULATION; II RECEPTORS; DANIO-RERIO; ZEBRAFISH; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION AB Myostatin is an extremely potent negative regulator of vertebrate skeletal muscle development. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that salmonids should possess four distinct genes, although only MSTN-1 orthologs have been characterized. Described herein are the rainbow trout (rt) MSTN-2a and - 2b genes and subsequence analysis of their promoters and their quantitative expression profiles. Both genes are similarly organized, contain several putative myogenic response elements, and are legitimate MSTN-2 orthologs based on Bayesian analyses. However, rtMSTN-2b contains two in-frame stop codons within the first exon and unspliced variants of both transcripts were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Complete splicing of rtMSTN-2a occurred only in brain, where expression is highest, whereas rtMSTN-2b transcripts were mostly present in unspliced forms. The presence of stop codons in the rtMSTN-2b open reading frame and the expression of mostly unspliced transcripts indicate that this particular homolog is a pseudogene. These results confirm our previous phylogenetic analysis and suggest that all salmonids likely possess four distinct myostatin genes. The tissue-specific expression and differential processing of both rtMSTN-2 transcripts as well the pseudogenization of rtMSTN-2b may reflect compensatory and adaptive responses to tetraploidization and may help limit rtMSTN-2a's influences primarily to neural tissue. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rodgers, BD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 124 ASLB, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM danrodgers@wsu.edu RI Garikipati, Dilip/E-4410-2011 NR 52 TC 49 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 148 IS 5 BP 2106 EP 2115 DI 10.1210/en.2006-1299 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 158RG UT WOS:000245810600021 PM 17289851 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Landolt, PJ AF Horton, David R. Landolt, Peter J. TI Attraction of male pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, to female-infested pear shoots SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Homoptera; Psyllidae; sex attractants; mate location; olfactometer ID PLANT VOLATILES; ANTHOCORID PREDATORS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; SEX-PHEROMONE; HOMOPTERA; TREES; SEASONALITY; DIAPAUSE; HOST AB Post-diapause winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), exhibit a highly clumped distribution in late winter in pear orchards. The behaviors leading to clumped distributions in this species are unknown, but could include aggregation for mating activities. Choice tests and assays with an olfactometer were done to test whether male psylla of the overwintering morphotype are attracted to pear shoots infested by post-diapause females and to shoots previously occupied by females. Paired choice tests in small arenas showed that males accumulated on pear shoots currently occupied or previously occupied by females if those shoots were paired with uninfested shoots or shoots previously occupied only by males. Assays with an olfactometer showed that males were attracted to volatile odors from female-infested or previously infested shoots. The exact source of the attractants (i.e., the female psylla, the pear shoot, or a combination of these sources) remains to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM horton@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00537.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156UC UT WOS:000245674400009 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Guedot, C Landolt, PJ AF Horton, David R. Guedot, Christelle Landolt, Peter J. TI Diapause status of females affects attraction of male pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, to volatiles from female-infested pear shoots SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Homoptera; Psyllidae; sex attractants; mate location; olfactometer ID SEX-PHEROMONE; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; HOMOPTERA; SEASONALITY; SCALE AB A companion study showed that male pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were attracted to volatiles from pear shoots infested with post-diapause females. The present study compared the behavioral response of males to diapause and post-diapause females. Assays were done using a Y-tube olfactometer. We collected male and female winterform psylla from pear orchards at regular intervals between late October (early diapause) and late February (post-diapause). Female-infested shoots were not attractive to males until the February samples, coinciding with ovarian maturation and onset of mating in the field. A second set of assays was done in which we manipulated diapause status in the laboratory either by exposing psylla to a long-day photoperiod or by treating insects with an insect growth regulator, fenoxycarb. In the photoperiod experiments, both short-day and long-day males preferentially selected long-day (post-diapause) females over short-day (diapause) females. Fenoxycarb-treated males preferred fenoxycarb-treated (post-diapause) females over untreated (diapause) females; untreated males showed no preferences. Results support observations made elsewhere that male winterform pear psylla perceive and are attracted to volatile odors associated with pear shoots infested with post-diapause females. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM horton@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00536.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156UC UT WOS:000245674400010 ER PT J AU Shelly, T Edu, J Smith, E Hoffman, K War, M Santos, R Favela, A Garagliano, R Ibewiro, B McInnis, D AF Shelly, Todd Edu, James Smith, Eileen Hoffman, Kevin War, Mamadou Santos, Rufino Favela, Alicia Garagliano, Robert Ibewiro, Basil McInnis, Donald TI Aromatherapy on a large scale: exposing entire adult holding rooms to ginger root oil increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly in field cage trials SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Diptera; Tephritidae; sterile insect technique; California ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ALPHA-COPAENE; FLIES DIPTERA; INSECT TECHNIQUE; TEPHRITIDAE; ENVIRONMENT; COURTSHIP; BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; SUCCESS AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against fruit fly pests, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass-rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in male mating competitiveness. One potential solution involves the pre-release exposure of males to specific attractants. In particular, male exposure to ginger root oil [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); hereafter GRO] has been shown to increase mating success dramatically in field cage trials. Initial studies exposed small groups of males (25 individuals), but more recent work has demonstrated that GRO exposure involving standard storage boxes (containing approximate to 36 000 males) also results in enhanced mating performance. The objective of the present study was to determine whether aromatization of entire trailers, holding approximate to 14 million sterile males from a genetic sexing [temperature sensitive lethal (tsl)] strain, increases male mating success. Independent of the total dose, spatial distribution, or type of dispenser used, sterile males exposed to GRO for a 24-h period displayed greater mating success than non-exposed males in mating cage trials (in which tsl males competed against males from a standard, bisexual strain for females from this same standard strain). Averaged over all experiments, tsl males exposed to GRO obtained 54% of all matings compared to 38% for non-exposed tsl males, an increase of 42%. The implications of these findings for SIT programs against C. capitata are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. USDA, APHIS, Cooperat Medfly Exclus Program, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. CDFA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. CDFA, Cooperat Medfly Exclus Program, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, T (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00538.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156UC UT WOS:000245674400011 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, F. Christian TI Microdon falcatus Williston (Diptera : Syrphidae): A redescription, with lectotype designation and new synonyms SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Microdon falcatus; Diptera; Syrphidae; redescrition; lectotype; synonyms; Neotropics AB Microdon falcatus Williston 1887 (Diptera: Syrphidae) is redescribed. A lectotype is designated for the name and three new synonyms are proposed (Microdon aquilinus Giglio-Tos 1892, Microdon hondanaria Hull 1940, and Microdon mellogutta Hull 1943). C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, NHB-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM chris.thompson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 118 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[283:MFWDSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196SS UT WOS:000248502900010 ER PT J AU Koti, S Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Zhao, D Gao, W AF Koti, Sailaja Reddy, K. Raja Kakani, V. G. Zhao, D. Gao, W. TI Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and ultraviolet-B radiation and their interactions on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; growth; physiology; soybean; temperature; ultraviolet-B radiation ID MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HEAT TOLERANCE; HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; ELEVATED CO2; YIELD; SENSITIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY; GERMINATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Genetic modifications of agronomic crops will likely be necessary to cope with global climate change. Projected changes in global climate include increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperatures (T) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation which have significant effects on plants, however, their interactions are not clearly known to date. In this study we tested the hypothesis that soybean genotypes differ in growth and physiology with exposure to treatments of [CO2] [360 and 720 mu mol mol(-1) (+[CO2])], temperature [30/22 and 38/30 degrees C (+T)] and UV-B radiation [0 and 10 kJ m(-2) d(-1) (+UV-B)] and their interactions. Six soybean genotypes (D 88-5320, D 90-9216, Stalwart III, PI 471938, DG 5630 RR, and DP 4933 RR) representing five maturity groups were grown in eight sunlit, controlled environment chambers in which control treatment had 360 mu mol mol(-1) [CO2] at 30/22 degrees C temperatures and 0 kJ UV-B. Results showed that elevated C02 levels compensated the damaging effects caused by negative stressors such as high temperature and high UV-B radiation levels on most of the growth and physiological parameters studied. Total stress response index (TSRI) for each genotype was developed from the cumulative sum of response indices of vegetative and physiological parameters such as plant height, leaf area, total biomass, net photosynthesis, total chlorophyll content, phenolic content, relative injury and wax content. Based on TSRI, the genotypes were classified as tolerant (PI 471938 and D 88-5320), intermediate (DG 5630 RR and D 90-9216) and sensitive (DP 4933 RR and Stalwart 111). The disruption of growth and physiology was significantly reduced in tolerant genotypes compared to sensitive genotypes. Strong correlations between total response of relative injury (RI), an indicator of cell membrane thermo stability and TSRI developed in this study show that RI could be used to predict the overall vegetative performance of the crop. However, the total response of RI did not show any linear correlation with TSRI of our previous study (which was developed with responses of reproductive traits). This suggests that there is a need to develop better screening tools and/or breeding strategies in developing genotypes suitable to cope future climates at both vegetative and reproductive stages. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA UVB Monitoring Network, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 117 Dorman Hall,Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM krreddy@pss.msstate.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.05.001 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152MI UT WOS:000245365700001 ER PT J AU Nuckols, JR Gunier, RB Riggs, P Miller, R Reynolds, P Ward, MH AF Nuckols, John R. Gunier, Robert B. Riggs, Philip Miller, Ryan Reynolds, Peggy Ward, Mary H. TI Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with spatial land use data for exposure assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agricultural land use; California; exposure assessment; GIS; pesticide use reporting ID RESIDENTIAL PROXIMITY; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; SPRAY DRIFT; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES; AERIAL APPLICATIONS; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; AIR CONCENTRATIONS; BREAST-CANCER; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN AB BACKGROUND: The State of California maintains a comprehensive Pesticide Use Reporting Database (CPUR). The California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) maps all crops in agricultural counties in California about once every 5 years. OBJECTIVE: We integrated crop maps with CPUR to more accurately locate where pesticides are applied and evaluated the effects for exposure assessment. METHODS: We mapped 577 residences and used the CPUR and CIDWR data to compute two exposure metrics based on putative pesticide use within a 500-m buffer. For the CPUR, metric, we assigned pesticide exposure to the residence proportionally for all square-mile Sections that intersected the buffer. For the CDWR metric, we linked CPUR crop-specific pesticide use to crops mapped within the buffer and assigned pesticide exposure. We compared the metrics for six pesticides: simazine, trifluralin (herbicides), dicofol, propargite (insecticides), methyl bromide, an metam. sodium (fumigants). RESULTS: For all six pesticides we found good agreement (88-98%) as to whether the pesticide use was predicted. When we restricted the analysis to residences with reported pesticide use in sections within 500 in, agreement was greatly reduced (35-58%). The CPUR metric estimates of pesticide use within 500 in were significantly higher than the CDWR metric for all six pesticides. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may have important implications for exposure classification in epidemiologic studies of agricultural pesticide use using CPUR. There is a need to conduct environmental and biological measurements to ascertain which, if any, of these metrics best represent exposure. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. No Calif Canc Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Dept HHS, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Nuckols, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jnuckols@colostate.edu RI Miller, Ryan/G-6356-2010; OI Gunier, Robert/0000-0001-5485-9919; Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [R01CA71745, R01 CA092683, R01CA092683, R03 CA83071] NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 18 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1289/ehp.9518 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 163KZ UT WOS:000246159900025 PM 17520053 ER PT J AU Paoletti, E Bytnerowicz, A Schaub, M AF Paoletti, Elena Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Schaub, Marcus TI Key studies on air pollution and climate change impacts on forests: An introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CNR, IPP, I-50019 Florence, Italy. US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. WSL Swiss Fed Res Inst, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), CNR, IPP, Via Modonna Piano 10, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marcus.schaub@wsl.ch RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009; OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769; Schaub, Marcus/0000-0002-0158-8892 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9408-1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HE UT WOS:000246149900001 PM 17057952 ER PT J AU Freeman, EA Moisen, GG AF Freeman, Elizabeth A. Moisen, Gretchen G. TI Evaluating kriging as a tool to improve moderate resolution maps of forest biomass SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; correlograms; Forest Inventory and Analysis; kriging; Moran's I; variograms AB The USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA) recently produced a nationwide map of forest biomass by modeling biomass collected on forest inventory plots as nonparametric functions of moderate resolution satellite data and other environmental variables using Cubist software. Efforts are underway to develop methods to enhance this initial map. We explored the possibility of modeling spatial structure to make such improvements. Spatial structure in the field biomass data as well as in residuals from the map was investigated across 18 ecological zones in the Interior Western U.S. Exploratory tools included directional graphs of summary statistics, three dimensional maps, Moran's I correlograms, and variograms. Where spatial pattern was present, field and residual biomass were kriged, and predictions made for an independent test set were evaluated for improvement over predictions in the initial biomass map. While kriging has some potential benefit when analyzing the field data and exploring spatial structure, kriging residuals resulted in little or no improvement in the initial biomass map developed using Cubist software. Stationarity assumptions, variogram behavior, and appropriate model fitting strategies are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Freeman, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM eafreeman@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 395 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9322-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HE UT WOS:000246149900034 PM 17057988 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Owens, PR Leytem, AB Warnemuende, EA AF Smith, D. R. Owens, P. R. Leytem, A. B. Warnemuende, E. A. TI Nutrient losses from manure and fertilizer applications as impacted by time to first runoff event SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE urea; triple superphosphate; swine manure; poultry litter; phosphorus; nitrogen ID PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; SOIL; INDEX; MEHLICH-3; PASTURES; NITROGEN; RESIDUE AB Nutrient losses to surface waters following fertilization contribute to eutrophication. This study was conducted to compare the impacts of fertilization with inorganic fertilizer, swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure or poultry (Gallus domesticus) litter on runoff water quality, and I how the duration between application and the first runoff event affects resulting water quality. Fertilizers were applied at 35 kg P ha(-1), and the duration between application and the first runoff event varied between I and 29 days. Swine manure was the greatest risk to water quality I day after fertilization due to elevated phosphorus (8.4 mg P L-1) and ammonium (10.3 mg NH4-N L-1) concentrations; however, this fisk decreased rapidly. Phosphorus concentrations were 2.6 mg L-1 29 days after fertilization with inorganic fertilizer. This research demonstrates that manures might be more environmentally sustainable than inorganic fertilizers, provided runoff events do not occur soon after application. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu; prowens@purdue.edu; leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov; bets@purdue.edu NR 29 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 147 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153ZA UT WOS:000245475400016 PM 17029684 ER PT J AU Tucker, DM Griffey, CA Liu, S Brown-Guedira, G Marshall, DS Maroof, MAS AF Tucker, D. M. Griffey, C. A. Liu, S. Brown-Guedira, G. Marshall, D. S. Maroof, M. A. Saghai TI Confirmation of three quantitative trait loci conferring adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in two winter wheat populations SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; microsatellites; partial resistance; Blumeria graminis; Erysiphe graminis ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; F-SP TRITICI; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SSR MARKERS; BREAD WHEAT; KNOX WHEAT; MAJOR QTL; GENES; MICROSATELLITES AB Hypersensitive, race specific genes primarily have been deployed to control powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC) EO Speer f. sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, recent efforts have shifted to breeding for more durable resistance. Previously, three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew in the winter wheat cultivar Massey were identified in a Becker/Massey (BM) F (2:3) population. Fourteen new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were added to the pre-existing BM F (2:3) linkage maps near the QTL for APR on chromosomes 1BL (QPm.vt-1BL), 2AL (QPm.vt-2AL), and 2BL (QPm.vt-2BL). Genetic linkage maps comprised of 17 previously and newly mapped SSRs from the BM population on chromosomes 1BL, 2AL, and 2BL were constructed in a USG 3209/Jaypee (UJ) F (6:7) recombinant inbred line (RIL) confirmation population, wherein the APR resistance of USG 3209 was derived from Massey. Interval mapping analysis of mildew severity data collected in 2002 (F (5:6)) and 2003 (F (6:7)) field experiments with marker genotypic data obtained in 2003 (F (6:7)) confirmed the presence of the three QTL governing APR to powdery mildew in the UJ RILs. The QTL QPm.vt-1BL, QPm.vt-2AL, and QPm.vt-2BL explained 12-13, 59-69, and 22-48% of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew severity in the UJ confirmation populations, respectively, in two field experiments. The current study verified that the elite wheat cultivar USG 3209 possesses the same QTL for APR as its parent Massey. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tucker, DM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Smyth Hall 0404, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dotucke2@vt.edu NR 56 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2007 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9295-0 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 153JJ UT WOS:000245428600001 ER PT J AU Jovic, J Cvrkovic, T Mitrovic, M Krnjajic, S Redinbaugh, MG Pratt, RC Gingery, RE Hogenhout, SA Tosevski, I AF Jovic, J. Cvrkovic, T. Mitrovic, M. Krnjajic, S. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Pratt, R. C. Gingery, R. E. Hogenhout, S. A. Tosevski, I. TI Roles of stolbur phytoplasma and Reptalus panzeri (Cixiinae, Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of Maize redness in Serbia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Class Mollicutes; Banat region; Candidatus Phytoplasma solani; vector ID ELM YELLOWS GROUP; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; NONRIBOSOMAL DNA; VINEYARDS; CIXIIDAE; VECTORS; FRANCE AB Maize redness (MR), a disease causing midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize, has been reported from Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria for 50 years. Recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40%-90% in southern Banat, Serbia. MR was recently associated with the presence of the stolbur phytoplasma, although the epidemiology of the disease remained unknown. Diseased fields in southern Banat were surveyed for potential vectors of the phytoplasma during 2005 and 2006, and high populations of Reptalus panzeri were found. ln affected fields, 20% of the R. panzeri individuals and 85% of symptomatic maize plants carried the stolbur phytoplasma. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize plants, midrib and leaf reddening developed on 48% of plants and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 90% of the symptomatic plants. No symptoms or phytoplasma-positive plants were found in cages without insects. These data indicate that MR symptoms are associated with the stolbur phytoplasma. Reptalus panzeri is both abundant in affected fields and can transmit the stolbur phytoplasma, indicating the insect is likely to be a major vector of MR. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Inst Plant Protect & Environm, Dept Plant Pests, Zemun 11080, Serbia. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ctr Switzerland, CABI Biosci, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM redinbaugh.2@osu.edu RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013; OI Cvrkovic, Tatjana/0000-0001-5108-2323; Tosevski, Ivo/0000-0002-3666-3151; Jovic, Jelena/0000-0002-7623-0553 NR 13 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10658-007-9105-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 162CV UT WOS:000246065300008 ER PT J AU Novelli, VM Freitas-Astua, J Arrivabem, F Locali-Fabris, EC Hilf, ME Gottwald, TR Machado, MA AF Novelli, Valdenice M. Freitas-Astua, Juliana Arrivabem, Fernanda Locali-Fabris, Eliane C. Hilf, Mark E. Gottwald, Tim R. Machado, Marcos A. TI Effects of temperature, storage period and the number of individuals on the detection of the false spider mite Cardinium endosymbiont SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brevipalpus phoenicis; sampling and conservation ID ARTHROPODS; BACTERIA; SYMBIONT AB Cardinium have been found as endosymbionts of Brevipalpus phoenicis, the mite vector of the Citrus leprosis virus. With the long-term objective being to understand the mechanisms of plant-virus-vector interactions, we evaluated the different storage conditions and periods, as well as the number of mites needed for PCR-amplification of such endosymbionts, making it possible to collect mites in different geographical regions without prolonged storage compromising subsequent analyses. C1 IAC, Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Biotechnol Lab, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EMBRAPA, Milho & Sorgo, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. USHRL, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Novelli, VM (reprint author), IAC, Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Biotechnol Lab, Rodovia Anhanguera Km 158,POB 04, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM valdenice@centrodecitricultura.br RI Novelli, Valdenice/C-4341-2012; Machado, Marcos/G-3582-2012; OI Novelli, Valdenice/0000-0001-7717-4488; Freitas-Astua, Juliana/0000-0002-0506-6880 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10493-007-9070-5 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 178RW UT WOS:000247238800002 PM 17447014 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Rothrock, MJ Loughrin, JH Doerner, KC AF Cook, Kimberly L. Rothrock, Michael J., Jr. Loughrin, John H. Doerner, Kinchel C. TI Characterization of skatole-producing microbial populations in enriched swine lagoon slurry SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE skatole; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; swine lagoon; malodorous compounds ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MANURE STORAGE PITS; DILUTION CULTURE; LACTOBACILLUS SP; 16S RDNA; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ACETOGENIC BACTERIA; RUMINOCOCCUS-ALBUS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AB Skatole is one of the most malodorous compounds produced from the anaerobic degradation of animal waste. Little is known about the biochemistry of skatole production, the phylogeny of skatole-producing microorganisms or the conditions that favor their growth. These deficiencies hamper attempts to reduce skatole production. Our goals were to enrich for skatole producers in swine lagoon slurry (SLS) and evaluate the resulting microbial community structure using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Skatole producers were enriched by incubating dilutions of SLS with 100 mu M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). GC-MS was used to measure skatole production in the slurries after 0, 7 and 17 days' incubation. Based on most probable number analysis, skatole producers increased 100-fold in SLS samples supplemented with IAA. Based on DGGE fingerprint patterns from day 0, 7 and 17 treatments with high, mid or low levels of skatole production, changes in the SLS population occurred as skatole production increased. Changes in the bacterial community fingerprints were associated with an increase in the low-GC gram-positive and Bacteroides groups. Results from this study provides valuable new information concerning the organisms responsible for production of this odorant, a necessary first step towards controlling skatole production. C1 AWMRU, USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), AWMRU, USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM klcook@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00299.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 156UE UT WOS:000245674600014 PM 17374129 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ May, GS AF Kim, Jong H. Campbell, Bruce C. Mahoney, Noreen Chan, Kathleen L. Molyneux, Russell J. May, Gregory S. TI Enhancement of fludioxonil fungicidal activity by disrupting cellular glutathione homeostasis with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; fludioxonil; antioxidative stress system ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRESS-RESPONSE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; ASPERGILLUS; ASPIRIN; PATHWAY; YEAST; EVOLUTION; APOPTOSIS AB The activity of fludioxonil, a phenylpyrrole fungicide, is elevated by coapplication of the aspirin/salicylic acid metabolite, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Fludioxonil activity is potentiated through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that regulates osmotic/oxidative stress-responses. 2,5-DHBA disrupts cellular GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) homeostasis, further stressing the oxidative stress-response system. This stress enhances fludioxonil activity. 2,5-DHBA treatment also prevents tolerance of MAPK mutants resistant to fludioxonil. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Unit 54, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 270 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00682.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 156UH UT WOS:000245674900016 PM 17355596 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Evans, KO Theelen, B Boekhout, T Schisler, DA AF Dunlap, Christopher A. Evans, Kervin O. Theelen, Bart Boekhout, Teun Schisler, David A. TI Osmotic shock tolerance and membrane fluidity of cold-adapted Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9, previously reported as C-nodaensis, a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptococcus; osmotic; cold; membrane; drying ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CELL-WALL; YEAST; TEMPERATURES; DEHYDRATION; PRESSURE; BACTERIA AB Cryptococcus flavescens (previously reported as C. nodaensis), a biological control agent of Fusarium head blight, has been previously shown to have improved desiccation tolerance after cold adaptation. The goal of the current study was to determine the effect of cold adaptation on the physicochemical properties of C. flavescens that may be responsible for its improved desiccation tolerance. The results show that cold adaptation improves liquid hyperosmotic shock tolerance and alters the temperature dependence of osmotic shock tolerance. Fluorescence anisotropy was used to characterize differences in the membrane fluidity of C. flavescens with and without cold adaptation. Force curves from atomic force microscopy showed a significant increase in the cell wall spring constant after cold adaptation. Cold adaptation of C. flavescens during culturing was shown to produce smaller cells and produced a trend towards higher CFU yields. These results suggest that cold adaptation significantly alters the membrane properties of C. flavescens and may be an effective method of improving the desiccation tolerance of microorganisms. In addition, we provide information on the correct naming of the isolate as C. flavescens. C1 USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Peoria, IL 61804 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, KNAW, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Dunlap, CA (reprint author), USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61804 USA. EM dunlapc@ncaur.usda.gov RI Boekhout, Teun/F-1552-2010 OI Boekhout, Teun/0000-0002-0476-3609 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00193.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 154KY UT WOS:000245507100011 PM 17233765 ER PT J AU Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA AF Klesius, Phillip H. Evans, Joyce J. Shoemaker, Craig A. TI The macrophage chemotactic activity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae extracellular products (ECP) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus agalactiae; Streptococcus iniae; chemotaxis; macrophage; extracellular products; inflammation; Nile tilapia ID AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; FISH; LEUKOCYTES; MIGRATION; INFLAMMATION; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; VACCINE; L. AB The ability of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae to attract macrophages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. The extracellular products (ECP) from S. agalactiae and S. iniae were tested in vitro for macrophage chemotaxis using blind-well chambers. The macrophages were obtained from the peritoneal cavity 4-5 days after intraperitoneal injection of squalene. Both macrophage chemotactic and chemokinetic activities were demonstrated using the S. agalactiae ECP. However, only chemotactic activity was shown for S. iniae ECP High-pressure liquid chromatography fractionation revealed that semi-purified S. agalactiae and S. iniae ECPs had estimated molecular weights of 7.54 and 19.2 kDa, respectively. The prominent chemotactic activities of ECP from S. agalactiae and S. iniae are likely to be involved in the proinflammatory responses of macrophages to S. agalactiae and S. iniae infections. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM pklesius@ars.usda.gov; jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.05.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 150ID UT WOS:000245208300001 PM 17212985 ER PT J AU Boateng, J Verghese, M Shackelford, L Walker, LT Khatiwada, J Ogutu, S Williams, DS Jones, J Guyton, M Asiamah, D Henderson, F Grant, L DeBruce, M Johnson, A Washington, S Chawan, CB AF Boateng, J. Verghese, M. Shackelford, L. Walker, L. T. Khatiwada, J. Ogutu, S. Williams, D. S. Jones, J. Guyton, M. Asiamah, D. Henderson, F. Grant, L. DeBruce, M. Johnson, A. Washington, S. Chawan, C. B. TI Selected fruits reduce azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 male rats SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE selected fruits; phytochemicals; azoxymethane (AOM); aberrant crypt foci (ACF); glutathione-S-transferase (GST) ID CANCER-CELL-PROLIFERATION; AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; COLON-CANCER; IN-VITRO; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; BETA-CAROTENE; F344 RATS; LYCOPENE AB Phytochemicals contribute to the vibrant colors of fruits and it is suggested that the darker the fruit the higher the antioxidative or anticarcinogenic properties. In this study we investigated the possible effects of blueberries (BLU), blackberries (BLK), plums (PLM), mangoes (MAN), pomegranate juice (POJ), watermelon juice (WMJ) and cranberry juice (CBJ) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 male rats. Forty-eight male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6). The groups were fed AIN-93G as a control (C) diet, the rats fed fruits received AIN-93G + 5% fruits and the groups that were given fruits juices received 20% fruit juice instead of water. The rats received subcutaneous injections of AOM at 16 mg/kg body weight at seventh and eighth weeks of age. At 17th week of age, the rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation. Total ACF numbers (mean +/- SEM) in the rats fed CON, BLU, BLK, PLM, MNG, POJ, WMJ and CBJ were 171.67 +/- 5.6, 11.33 +/- 2.85, 24.0 +/- 0.58, 33.67 +/- 0.89, 28.67 +/- 1.33, 15.67 +/- 1.86, 24.33 +/- 3.92 and 39.0 +/- 15.31. Total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity (mu mol/mg) in the liver of the rats fed fruits (except BLK) and fruit juices were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the rats fed fruits and fruit juices compared with the control. Our findings suggest that among the fruits and fruit juices, BLU and POJ contributed to significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the formation of AOM-induced ACF. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr Biochem & Carcinogenesis Lab, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Food Chem Lab, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Verghese, M (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Nutr Biochem & Carcinogenesis Lab, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM martha.verghese@mailserver.aamu.edu NR 60 TC 49 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.019 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 164DR UT WOS:000246213800006 PM 17321025 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA Marmer, BS AF Hwang, Cheng-An Marmer, Benne S. TI Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in egg salad and pasta salad formulated with mayonnaise of various pH and stored at refrigerated and abuse temperatures SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; egg salad; pasta salad; mayonnaise; model ID REDUCED-CALORIE MAYONNAISE; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; SALMONELLA; PRODUCTS; BEHAVIOR; FATE AB This study investigated and modeled the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in egg salad and pasta salad as affected by mayonnaise pH (3.8, 4.2, 4.6, and 5.0) and storage temperature (4, 8, and 12 degrees C). At each storage temperature, L. monocytogenes was able to grow in both salads regardless of the mayonnaise pH. The lag-phase durations (LPD) of L. monocytogenes in egg salad ranged from 33 to 85, 15 to 50, and 0 to 19 h, and the growth rates (GR) ranged from 0.0187 to 0.0318, 0.0387 to 0.0512, and 0.0694 to 0.1003 log(10) cfu/h at 4, 8, and 12 degrees C, respectively. The LPD of L. monocytogenes in pasta salad ranged from 210 to 430, 49 to 13 1, and 21 to 103 h, and GR ranged from 0.0118 to 0.0350, 0.0153 to 0.0418, and 0.0453 to 0.0718 log(10) cfu/h at 4, 8, and 12 degrees C, respectively. The growth of L. monocytogenes was more rapid in egg salad than in pasta salad, indicating that a better growth environment for L. monocytogenes existed in egg salad. In both salads, the LPD decreased and the GR increased as the storage temperature increased. Mathematical models and response surface plots describing the LPD and GR of L. monocytogenes in both salads as affected by the mayonnaise pH and storage temperature were developed. The models confirmed that the growth of L. monocytogenes in egg salad and pasta salad was primarily promoted by higher storage temperatures and, secondarily, by higher mayonnaise pH. The conditions under which the models may be applied to estimate the growth of L. monocytogenes in both salads were identified. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahwang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2006.06.002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 135TW UT WOS:000244177700003 PM 17188199 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Sapers, GM AF Ukuku, Dike O. Sapers, Gerald M. TI Effect of time before storage and storage temperature on survival of Salmonella inoculated on fresh-cut melons SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE storage temperature; fresh-cut; watermelon; honeydew; cantaloupe; Salmonella ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; NATIVE MICROFLORA; SHELF-LIFE; CANTALOUPE; PRODUCE; GROWTH; WHOLE; VEGETABLES; WATERMELON; STABILITY AB The effects of a waiting period at room temperature (similar to 22 degrees C) before refrigerating fresh-cut watermelon, cantaloupe and honeydew pieces contaminated with Salmonella on survival of the inoculated pathogen were investigated. Whole cantaloupes, honeydew melons and watermelons were washed with water, and fresh-cut pieces from individual melons were prepared and inoculated with a five strain cocktail of Salmonella at 10(5) cfu/ml. Populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold and Pseudomonas spp. were higher for fresh-cut cantaloupe than for fresh-cut watermelon and honeydew immediately after preparation. Populations of Salmonella, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold and Pseudomonas ssp. in fresh-cut melons left at room temperature for up to 5 h before refrigeration were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than populations in fresh-cut melons stored at 5 degrees C immediately after preparation. Populations of Salmonella recovered in fresh-cut melon after inoculation with the cocktail of Salmonella strains averaged 2 log(10) cfu/g for all three types of melons. Populations in fresh-cut watermelon and honeydew pieces declined by 1 log when stored immediately at 5 degrees C for 12 days, while the populations in fresh-cut cantaloupe did not show significant (P > 0.05) changes. Populations of Salmonella in fresh-cut melons stored immediately at 10 degrees C for 12 days increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 2.0 to 3.0 log(10) cfu/g in watermelon, 1.9 to 3.0 log(10) cfu/g in honeydew and 2.0 to 3.6 log 10 cfu/g in cantaloupe pieces. Holding freshly prepared, contaminated fresh-cut melon pieces at 22 degrees C for 3h or more prior to refrigerated storage would increase the chances of Salmonella proliferation, especially if the fresh-cut melons were subsequently stored at an abusive temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2006.04.007 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 135TW UT WOS:000244177700011 PM 17188207 ER PT J AU Scardina, AV Mortimer, MJ Dudley, L AF Scardina, Anthony V. Mortimer, Michael J. Dudley, Larkin TI Getting past the who and how many to the how and why in USDA Forest Service public involvement processes SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE public participation; appeals; litigation; national forests; stakeholders ID ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS; PARTICIPATION; MANAGEMENT; COLLABORATION AB The scope and intensity of public involvement in USDA Forest Service decision-making has been a historically contentious issue. Most research to date on the topic has been largely quantitative, and can overlook the details important to understanding those conflicts. This article presents qualitative, exploratory research conducted on the national forests in Virginia, USA designed to examine the behavior of public participants, the Forest Service, and the effects of the public participation process on project implementation. Implementation appeared affected to varying degrees by the attributes of forest management projects, the nature of the active public stakeholders, the timing of each participation stage, and a lack of procedural standardization. Future areas of research inquiry on a larger scale might be warranted in how the terms of forest management plans are translated to project actions; the nature of pre-decisional and post-decisional review of agency actions; project delays stemming from the participation process; and the effects of a lack of uniformity in participation processes at the forest-wide scale. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Eldorado Natl Forest, Palcerville, CA 95667 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Publ Adm & Policy, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mortimer, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ascardina@fs.fed.us; mortimer@vt.edu; dudleyl@vt.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 883 EP 902 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2006.07.003 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 174VH UT WOS:000246970400001 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Carter, P Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK AF Wang, Xiping Carter, Peter Ross, Robert J. Brashaw, Brian K. TI Acoustic assessment of wood quality of raw forest materials - A path to increased profitability SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGHER NATURAL FREQUENCY; WAVE PROPAGATION METHOD; STANDING TREES; STRESS WAVES; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; ELASTICITY MOE; RUPTURE MOR; LOGS; MODULUS; LUMBER C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Fibre Gen Inc, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM xwang@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 5 BP 6 EP 14 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 172CL UT WOS:000246781600002 ER PT J AU Cai, ZY Wu, QL Han, GP Lee, JN AF Cai, Zhiyong Wu, Qinglin Han, Guangping Lee, Jong N. TI Tensile and thickness swelling properties of strands from Southern hardwoods and Southern pine: Effect of hot-pressing and resin application SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB Tensile and the moisture-induced thickness swelling properties of wood strands are among the most fundamental parameters in modeling and predicting engineering constants of strand-based composites such as oriented strandboard (OSB). The effects of hot-pressing and resin-curing on individual strand properties were investigated in this study. Strands from four Louisiana-grown species-willow (Salix spp.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L), red oak (Quercus spp.) and southern yellow pine (Pinus taeda L.)-were tested. It was found that the properties of strands were different from the various wood species and that hot pressing and resin-curing significantly modified the strand properties. This indicated that an adjustment of strand mechanical and swelling properties from the solid wood values is necessary for better prediction of engineering constants of strand composites. Among the four species tested, yellow-poplar strands demonstrated the best initial and postprocessing tensile and thickness swelling properties. The willow strands were initially inferior but showed significant improvements in their properties after hot pressing and resin-curing. This indicated that willow, a low-density and low-strength species, could be used as a good supplement material for OSB furnish. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NE Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM zcai@fs.fed.us; wuqing@lsu.edu; guanping@hotmail.com; leejun@lsu.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 IS 5 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 172CL UT WOS:000246781600006 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Sarukhan, J AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Sarukhan, Jose TI A strategy for ecology in an era of globalization SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESA Conference on Ecology in an Era of Globalization - Challenges and Opportunities for Environmental Scientists in the Americas CY JAN 08-12, 2006 CL Merida, MEXICO ID LAND-USE; SCIENCE; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT; CERRADO; AGENDA; MEXICO; BRAZIL; RIFT AB Globalization of labor and capital can increase the rate and extent of global environmental degradation, while enhancing the ability of ecologists to respond rapidly and collaboratively to mitigate these impacts. Nevertheless, ecological research remains focused at local and regional levels, with collaboration limited by national borders and funding. New initiatives are required to increase the utility and availability of environmental research to natural resource owners, managers, and policy makers in the public and private sectors, whose decisions affect land and other forms of natural capital. We propose a four-part strategy to increase the effectiveness of ecological science in addressing environmental issues in an era of globalization: (1) develop an Ecological Knowledge System, (2) increase our ability to anticipate, identify, and rapidly address new research needs, (3) increase the number and diversity of participants in all phases of research and decision-making processes, and (4) increase the flexibility of funding sources. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[172:ASFEIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166XP UT WOS:000246414500002 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Sala, OE Allen, CD Covich, A Brunson, M AF Peters, Debra P. C. Sala, Osvaldo E. Allen, Craig D. Covich, Alan Brunson, Mark TI Cascading events in linked ecological and socioeconomic systems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESA Conference on Ecology in an Era of Globalization - Challenges and Opportunities for Environmental Scientists in the Americas CY JAN 08-12, 2006 CL Merida, MEXICO ID LAND-USE; FUTURE AB Cascading events that start at small spatial scales and propagate non-linearly through time to influence larger areas often have major impacts on ecosystem goods and services. Events such as wildfires and hurricanes are increasing in frequency and magnitude as systems become more connected through globalization processes. We need to improve our understanding of these events in order to predict their occurrence, minimize potential impacts, and allow for strategic recovery. Here, we synthesize information about cascading events in systems located throughout the Americas. We discuss a variety of examples of cascading events that share a common feature: they are often driven by linked ecological and human processes across scales. In this era of globalization, we recommend studies that explicitly examine connections across scales and examine the role of connectivity among non-contiguous as well as contiguous areas. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USGS, Jemez Mtn Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Brunson, Mark/E-9661-2010 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[221:CEILEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166XP UT WOS:000246414500009 ER PT J AU Lai, ZB Faris, JD Weiland, JJ Steffenson, BJ Friesen, TL AF Lai, Zhibing Faris, Justin D. Weiland, John J. Steffenson, Brian J. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Genetic mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. teres genes conferring avirulence on barley SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; net blotch; quantitative trait loci; avirulence; AFLP ID ZEAE FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NET BLOTCH; FLAX RUST; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; PATHOGENIC VARIATION; PLANT-RESISTANCE; DRECHSLERA-TERES; LINKAGE MAP AB A Pyrenophora teres f. teres cross between isolates 0-1 and 15A was used to evaluate the genetics of avirulence associated with barley lines Canadian Lake Shore (CLS), Tifang, and Prato. 15A is avirulent on Tifang and CLS, but virulent on Prato. Conversely, 0-1 is avirulent on Prato, but virulent on Tifang and CLS. Avirulence: virulence on Tifang and CLS segregated 1: 1, whereas avirulence: virulence on Prato segregated 3:1. An AFLP-based linkage map was constructed and used to identify a single locus derived from 15A (AvrHar) conferring avirulence to Tifang and CLS. Virulence on Prato was conferred by two epistatic genes (AvrPra1 and AvrPra2). AvrPra2 co-segregated with AvrHar. but the two genes from opposite parents conferred opposite reactions. This work provides the foundation for the isolation of these avirulence genes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM friesent@farizo.ars.usda.gov OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.11.009 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 156JE UT WOS:000245643100003 PM 17224286 ER PT J AU Ware, SB Verstappen, ECP Breeden, J Cavaletto, JR Goodwin, SB Waalwijk, C Crous, PW Kema, GHJ AF Ware, Sarah B. Verstappen, Els C. P. Breeden, Jill Cavaletto, Jessica R. Goodwin, Stephen B. Waalwijk, Cees Crous, Pedro W. Kema, Gert H. J. TI Discovery of a functional Mycosphaerella teleomorph in the presumed asexual barley pathogen Septoria passerinii SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Septoria passerinii; septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB); hordeula vulgare; barley; teleomorph; sexual cycle; Mycosphaerella; crossing protocol ID MATING-TYPE IDIOMORPHS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; RHYNCHOSPORIUM-SECALIS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; LEAF BLOTCH; GRAMINICOLA PATHOSYSTEM; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; TRITICI BLOTCH; HOST CULTIVARS AB We studied the possibility of a teleomorph associated with the genotypically diverse septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) pathogen of barley, Septoria passerinii. A teleomorph in the genus Mycosphaerella had been predicted previously based on phylogenetic analyses. This prediction was tested with experiments in the Netherlands and the United States by co-inoculating isolates with opposite mating types onto susceptible barley cultivars and monitoring leaves for sexual structures and for the discharge of ascospores. Characterization of putative hybrid progeny by both molecular (AFLP, RAPID, mating type, and ITS sequencing) and phenotypic analyses confirmed that a Mycosphaerella teleomorph of S. passerinii has been discovered approximately 125 years after the description of the anamorph. Progeny had recombinant genotypes of the molecular alleles present in the parents, and the identities of representative progeny isolates as S. passerinii were confirmed by ITS sequencing. A previously unknown sexual cycle explains the high degree of genetic variation among isolates found in nature. The experimental identification of a predicted teleomorph for S. passerinii indicates that cryptic sexual cycles may be common for many other "asexual" fungi with high levels of genotypic diversity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Plant Res Int BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Phytopathol Lab, Grad Sch Expt Plant Sci, NL-6700 EE Wageningen, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kema, GHJ (reprint author), Plant Res Int BV, POB 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM gert.kema@wur.nl RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.12.005 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 156JE UT WOS:000245643100010 PM 17267248 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB van der Lee, TAJ Cavaletto, JR Hekkert, BTL Crane, CF Kema, GHJ AF Goodwin, Stephen B. van der Lee, Theo A. J. Cavaletto, Jessica R. Hekkert, Bas te Lintel Crane, Charles F. Kema, Gert H. J. TI Identification and genetic mapping of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from an EST database of the septoria tritici blotch pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic linkage map; Mycosphaerella fijiensis; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Septoria passerinii; septoria tritici blotch; SSR; population genetics; plant pathogen ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; LOBARIA-PULMONARIA; ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI; FUNGAL GENOMES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; WHEAT; POPULATION AB A database of 30,137 EST sequences from Mycosphaerella graminicola, the septoria tritici blotch fungus of wheat, was scanned with a custom software pipeline for di- and trinucleotide units repeated tandemly six or more times. The bioinformatics analysis identified 109 putative SSR loci, and for 99 of them, flanking primers were developed successfully and tested for amplification and polymorphism by PCR on five field isolates of diverse origin, including the parents of the standard M. graminicola mapping population. Seventy-seven of the 99 primer pairs generated an easily scored banding pattern and 51 were polymorphic, with up to four alleles per locus, among the isolates tested. Among these 51 loci, 23 were polymorphic between the parents of the mapping population. Twenty-one of these as well as two previously published microsatellite loci were positioned on the existing genetic linkage map of M. graminicola on 13 of the 24 linkage groups. Most (66%) of the primer pairs also amplified bands in the closely related barley pathogen Septoria passerinii, but only six were polymorphic among four isolates tested. A subset of the primer pairs also revealed polymorphisms when tested with DNA from the related banana black leaf streak (Black Sigatoka) pathogen, M. fijiensis. The EST database provided an excellent source of new, highly polymorphic microsatellite markers that can be multiplexed for high-throughput genetic analyses of M. graminicola and related species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Plant Res Inst BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 398 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.09.004 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 156JE UT WOS:000245643100011 PM 17074520 ER PT J AU Dekkers, KL You, BJ Gowda, VS Liao, HL Lee, MH Bau, HH Ueng, PP Chung, KR AF Dekkers, Katherine L. You, Bang-Jau Gowda, Vivek S. Liao, Hui-Ling Lee, Miin-Huey Bau, Huey-Hunn Ueng, Peter P. Chung, Kuang-Ren TI The Cercospora nicotianae gene encoding dual O-methyltransferase and FAD-dependent monooxygenase domains mediates cercosporin toxin biosynthesis SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clustering; gene replacement; perylenequinone; photosensitizer ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; PHOTOSENSITIZING TOXIN; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; SINGLET OXYGEN; CLUSTER; PATHWAY; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB Cercosporin, a photo-activated, non-host-selective phytotoxin produced by many species of the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora, causes peroxidation of plant cell membranes by generating reactive oxygen species and is an important virulence determinant. Here we report a new gene, CTB3 that is involved in cercosporin biosynthesis in Cercospora nicotianae. CTB3 is adjacent to a previously identified CTB1 encoding a polyketide synthase which is also required for cercosporin production. CTB3 contains a putative O-methyltransferase domain in the N-terminus and a putative flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monooxygenase domain in the C-terminus. The N-terminal amino acid sequence also is similar to that of the transcription enhancer AFLS (formerly AFLJ) involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Expression of CTB3 was differentially regulated by light, medium, nitrogen and carbon sources and pH. Disruption of the N-or C-terminus of CTB3 yielded mutants that failed to accumulate the CTB3 transcript and cercosporin. The Delta ctb3 disruptants produced a yellow pigment that is not toxic to tobacco suspension cells. Production of cercosporin in a Delta ctb3 null mutant was fully restored when transformed with a functional CTB3 clone or when paired with a Delta ctb1-null mutant (defective in polyketide synthase) by cross feeding of the biosynthetic intermediates. Pathogenicity assays using detached tobacco leaves revealed that the Delta ctb3 disruptants drastically reduced lesion formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Transworld Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Touliu 640, Taiwan. USDA ARS, BARC W, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chung, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, IFAS, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM krchung@ufl.edu NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 444 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.08.005 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 156JE UT WOS:000245643100014 PM 17074519 ER PT J AU Nagler, JJ Cavileer, T Sullivan, J Cyr, DG Rexroad, C AF Nagler, James J. Cavileer, Tim Sullivan, Jack Cyr, Daniel G. Rexroad, Caird, III TI The complete nuclear estrogen receptor family in the rainbow trout: Discovery of the novel ER alpha 2 and both ER beta isoforms SO GENE LA English DT Article DE fish; estradiol; salmonid; phylogeny; real-time RT-PCR ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENY ESTIMATION; CARASSIUS-AURATUS; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; ALPHA; GENE; SUPERFAMILY AB Estrogen hormones interact with cellular ERs to exert their biological effects in vertebrate animals. Similar to other animals, fishes have two distinct ER subtypes, ER alpha (NR3A1) and ER beta (NR3A2). The ER beta subtype is found as two different isoforms in several fish species because of a gene duplication event. Although predicted, two different isoforms of ER alpha have not been demonstrated in any fish species. In the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the only ER described is an isoform of the ERa subtype (i.e. ER alpha 1, NR3A1a). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the gene for the other ER alpha isoform, ER alpha 2 (i.e., NR3A1b), exists in the rainbow trout. A RT-PCR and cloning strategy, followed by screening a rainbow trout BAC library yielded a unique DNA sequence coding for 558 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a 75.4% overall similarity to ER alpha 1. Both the rainbow trout ER beta subtypes, ER beta 1 [NR3A2a] and ER beta 2, [NR3A2b] which were previously unknown in this species, were also sequenced as part of this study, and the amino acid sequences were found to be very different from the ER alpha s (similar to 40% similarity). ER beta 1 and ER beta 2 had 594 and 604 amino acids, respectively, and had 57.6% sequence similarity when compared to one another. This information provides what we expect to be the first complete nuclear ER gene family in a fish. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis with all other known fish ER gene sequences was undertaken to understand the evolution of fish ERs. The results show a single ER alpha subtype clade, with the closest relative to rainbow trout ERa2 being rainbow trout ER alpha 1, suggesting a recent, unique duplication event to create these two isoforms. For the ER beta subtype there are two distinct subclades, one represented by the ER beta 1 isoform and the other by the ER beta 2 isoform. The rainbow trout ER beta 1 and ER beta 2 are not closely associated with each other, but instead fall into their respective ER beta subclades with other known fish species. Real-time RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of all four ER isoforms (ER alpha 1, ER alpha 2, ER alpha 1, and ER beta 2) in stomach, spleen, heart, brain, pituitary, muscle, anterior kidney, posterior kidney, liver, gill, testis and ovary samples from rainbow trout. The mRNAs for each of the four ERs were detected in every tissue examined. The liver tended to have the highest ER mRNA levels along with the testes, while the lowest levels were generally found in the stomach or heart. The nuclear ERs have a significant and ubiquitous distribution in the rainbow trout providing the potential for complex interactions that involve the functioning of many organ systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Quebec, INRS, Inst Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 1G6, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Nagler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jamesn@uidaho.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-R01 ES 12446-2, R01 ES012446] NR 48 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 392 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.030 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 162HT UT WOS:000246078300019 PM 17307310 ER PT J AU Mimura, M Coyne, CJ Bambuck, MW Lumpkin, TA AF Mimura, Makiko Coyne, Clarice J. Bambuck, Marie W. Lumpkin, Thomas A. TI SSR diversity of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; Edamame; genetic diversity; glycine max; maodou; SSR; vegetable soybean ID SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; INTRODUCTIONS; COEFFICIENT; PARENTAGE; GENOTYPES; PATTERNS; BASE AB Edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a type of soybean selected for fresh or frozen vegetable use at an immature stage. Since edamame has a similar protein content, milder flavor, nuttier texture, and is easier to cook when compared to grain soybean, it is being promoted as a new vegetable for global consumption. Global production will require breeding programs for local adaptation; however, limited research has been published on genetic diversity of edamame varieties for the assessment of genetic resources. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to study the genetic diversity among 130 accessions, including edamame cultivars and landraces from Japan, China and the US, and also the new breeding lines in the US. Although it is assumed that elite edamame cultivars would have narrow genetic diversity, seventeen SSRs detected polymorphism to distinguish 99 of the 130 accessions. The cluster analysis generated nine clusters and 18 outliers. Genetic diversity within Japanese edamame was lower than that within Chinese vegetable soybean accessions (maodou), even though only 10 Chinese maodou were analyzed compared to 107 Japanese edamame. Cluster analysis revealed that the patterns of SSR diversity in edamame can generally distinguish maturity classes and testa color. We concluded that Japanese edamame have a narrow genetic base different from others and that SSRs can describe the patterns of genetic diversity among the elite vegetable soybean. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Asian Vegetable Res & Dev Ctr, Tainan 741, Taiwan. RP Mimura, M (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Forest Gene Conservat, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM mimura@interchange.ubc.ca NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-0006-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 153TM UT WOS:000245458100005 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Power, EJ Douglas, SL Kuhn, DN AF Brown, J. Steven Schnell, R. J. Power, E. J. Douglas, Stephanie L. Kuhn, David N. TI Analysis of clonal germplasm from five Saccharum species: S. barberi, S. robustum, S. officinarum, S. sinense and S. spontaneum. A study of inter- and intra species relationships using microsatellite markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Saccharum barberi; Saccharum sinense; Saccharum ancestors; Saccharum species interrelationships; sugercane SSR profiles ID GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS; DISSIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS; SUGARCANE; SIMILARITY; CULTIVARS; MAP AB In order to study relationships within and among species of the highly complex polyploid genus Saccharum, 30 clones from 5 species (S. barberi, S. officinarum, S. robustum, S. sinense, and S. spontaneum) and 6 cultivated clones were analyzed using 15 sugarcane simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and two multivariate statistical methods. The origins of two species, S. barberi and S. sinense, are unclear, and it has been hypothesized that they arose from crosses of S. officinarum x S. spontaneum. S. robustum is suggested to be ancestral to S. officinarum, which, when crossed with S. spontaneum, principally comprise the genomes of commercial cultivars. Although our analyses supported S. robustum as being an ancestor of S. officinarum, and show the composition of commercial clones as expected, our results concerning the species S. barberi and S. sinense indicated them to be much less related to the main Saccharum germplasm pool than previous molecular marker investigations, suggesting that introgression from other genera may exist in their ancestry. The differing results of our analysis of S. barberi and S. sinense are likely attributable to more equal and larger numbers of clones studied in each species. Given the extremely high ploidy, the use of only 15 SSR markers enabled clear distinction of Saccharum species and clones, and also identified likely mislabeled accessions. In addition, the replication of DNA extraction, polymerase chain reactions, and fragment electrophoresis increased the robustness of our analysis. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM miajb@ars-grin.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3 BP 627 EP 648 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-0035-z PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 153TM UT WOS:000245458100019 ER PT J AU Reeves, PA He, YH Schmitz, RJ Amasino, RM Panella, LW Richards, CM AF Reeves, Patrick A. He, Yuehui Schmitz, Robert J. Amasino, Richard M. Panella, Lee W. Richards, Christopher M. TI Evolutionary conservation of the FLOWERING LOCUS C-mediated vernalization response: Evidence from the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MADS-BOX GENE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; WINTER-ANNUAL HABIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LATITUDINAL CLINE; HISTONE METHYLATION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; DOMAIN PROTEIN; FLORAL-DIP; TIME AB In many plant species, exposure to a prolonged period of cold during the winter promotes flowering in the spring, a process termed vernalization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the vernalization requirement of winter annual ecotypes is caused by the MADS-box gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC.), which is a repressor of flowering. During the vernalization process, FLC is downregulated by alteration of its chromatin structure, thereby permitting flowering to occur. In wheat, a vernalization requirement is imposed by a different repressor of flowering, suggesting that some components of the regulatory network controlling the vernalization response differ between monocots and dicots. The extent to which the molecular mechanisms underlying vernalization have been conserved during the diversification of the angiosperms is not well understood. Using phylogenetic analysis, we identified homologs of FLC in species representing the three major eudicot lineages. FLC homologs have not previously been documented outside the plant family Brassicaceae. We show that the sugar beet FLC homolog BvFL1 functions as a repressor of flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis and is downregulated in response to cold in sugar beet. Cold-induced down regulation of an FLG-like floral repressor may be a central feature of the vernalization response in at least half of eudicot species. C1 USDA ARS, NCGRP, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGRP, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM crichard@lamar.colostate.edu RI HE, Yuehui/H-9795-2012; Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI HE, Yuehui/0000-0003-3304-4555; Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5 T32 GM07133, T32 GM007133] NR 80 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.069336 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900025 PM 17179080 ER PT J AU Jannink, JL AF Jannink, Jean-Luc TI Identifying quantitative trait locus by genetic background interactions in association studies SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; COMPLEX TRAITS; EPISTASIS; MAIZE; RELATEDNESS; CULTIVARS; RESPONSES; SELECTION; VARIANCE AB Association studies are designed to identify main effects of alleles across a potentially wide range of genetic backgrounds. To control for spurious associations, effects of the genetic background itself are often incorporated into the linear model, either in the form of subpopulation effects in the case of structure or in the form of genetic relationship matrices in the case of complex pedigrees. In this context epistatic interactions between loci can be captured as an interaction effect between the associated locus and the genetic background. In this study I developed genetic and statistical models to tie the locus by genetic background inter-action idea back to more standard concepts of epistasis when genetic background is modeled using air additive relationship matrix. I also simulated epistatic interactions in four-genera Lion randomly mating pedigrees and evaluated the ability of the statistical models to identify when a biallelic associated locus was epistatic to other loci. Under additive-by-additive epistasis, when interaction effects of the associated locus were quite large (explaining 20% of the phenotypic variance), epistasis was detected in 79% of pedigrees containing 320 individuals. The epistatic model also predicted the genotypic value of progeny better than a standard additive model in 78% of simulations. When interaction effects were smaller (although still fairly large, explaining 5% of the phenotypic variance), epistasis was detected in only 9% of pedigrees containing 320 individuals and the epistatic and additive models were equally effective at predicting the genotypic values of progeny. Epistasis was detected with the same power whether the overall epistatic effect was the result of a single pairwise interaction or the sum of nine pairwise interactions, each generating one ninth of the epistatic variance. The power to detect epistasis was highest (94%) at low QTL minor allele frequency, fell to a minimum (60%) at minor allele frequency of about 0.2, and their plateaued at about 80% as alleles reached intermediate frequencies. The power to detect epistasis declined when the linkage disequilibrium between the DNA marker and the functional polymorphism was not complete. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jannink, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jeanluc.jannink@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.062992 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900045 PM 17179077 ER PT J AU Stich, B Yu, JM Melchinger, AE Piepho, HP Utz, HF Maurer, HP Buckler, ES AF Stich, Benjamin Yu, Jianming Melchinger, Albrecht E. Piepho, Hans-Peter Utz, H. Friedrich Maurer, Hans P. Buckler, Edward S. TI Power to detect higher-order epistatic interactions in a metabolic pathway using a new mapping strategy SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FLOWERING TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; LINE CROSSES; MAIZE; POPULATION; QTL; DISSECTION; VARIANCE AB Epistatic interactions among quantitative trait loci (QTL) contribute substantially to the variation in complex traits. The main objectives of this study were to (1) compare three- vs. four-step genome scans to identify three-way epistatic interactions among QTL belonging to a metabolic pathway, (ii) investigate by computer simulations the power and proportion of false positives (PFP) for detecting three-way interactions among QTL in recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived front a nested mating design, and (iii) compare these estimates to those obtained for detecting three-way interactions among QTL in RIL populations derived from diallel and different partial diallel mating designs. The single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype data of B73 and 25 diverse maize inbreds were used to simulate the production of various RIL populations. Compared to the three-step genome scan, the power to detect three-way interactions was higher with the four-step genome scan. Higher power to detect three-way inter-actions was observed for RILs derived from optimally allocated distance-based designs than from nested designs or diallel designs. The power and PFP to detect three-way interactions using a nested design with 5000 RILs were for both the 4-QTL and the 12-QTL scenario of a magnitude that seems promising for their identification. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Crop Prod & Grassland Res, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Melchinger, AE (reprint author), Fruwirthstr 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM melchinger@uni-hohenheim.de OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Piepho, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-7813-2992 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.067033 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900046 PM 17194777 ER PT J AU Balint-Kurti, PJ Zwonitzer, JC Wisser, RJ Carson, ML Oropeza-Rosas, MA Holland, JB Szalma, SJ AF Balint-Kurti, P. J. Zwonitzer, J. C. Wisser, R. J. Carson, M. L. Oropeza-Rosas, M. A. Holland, J. B. Szalma, S. J. TI Precise mapping of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight, caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O, and flowering time using advanced intercross maize lines SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HOST-PLANT RESPONSE; ZEA-MAYS L; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; GENETIC-MAP; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INBRED LINES; YIELD LOSS; IDENTIFICATION; CORN AB The intermated B73 X Mo17 (IBM) population, an advanced intercross recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the rnaize lines B73 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant), was evaluated in four environments for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. Two environments were artificially inoculated, while two were not inoculated and consequently had substantially lower disease pressure. Four common SLB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in all environments, two in bin 3.04 and one each in bins 1.10 and 8.02/3. There was no significant correlation between disease resistance and days to anthesis. A direct comparison was made between SLB QTL detected in two Populations, independently derived from the same parental cross: the IBM advanced intercross population and a conventional recombinant inbred line population. Several QTL for SLB resistance were detected in both populations, with the IBM providing between 5 and, in one case, 50 times greater mapping resolution. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 3418 Gardner Hall,Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM peter_balintkurti@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 54 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 13 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 645 EP 657 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.067892 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900052 PM 17339203 ER PT J AU Choi, IY Hyten, DL Matukumalli, LK Song, QJ Chaky, JM Quigley, CV Chase, K Lark, KG Reiter, RS Yoon, MS Hwang, EY Yi, SI Young, ND Shoemaker, RC van Tassell, CP Specht, JE Cregan, PB AF Choi, Ik-Young Hyten, David L. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Song, Qijian Chaky, Julian M. Quigley, Charles V. Chase, Kevin Lark, K. Gordon Reiter, Robert S. Yoon, Mun-Sup Hwang, Eun-Young Yi, Seung-In Young, Nevin D. Shoemaker, Randy C. van Tassell, Curtis P. Specht, James E. Cregan, Perry B. TI A soybean transcript map: Gene distribution, haplotype and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SNP DISCOVERY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOME DUPLICATION; MARKERS; PLANT; SELECTION; IDENTIFICATION; BOTTLENECKS AB The first genetic transcript map of the soybean genome was created by mapping one SNP in each of 1141 genes in one or more of three recombinant inbred line mapping populations, thus providing a picture of the distribution of genic sequences across the mapped portion of the genome. Single-nucleotide polynmorphisms (SNPs) were discovered via the resequencing of sequence-tagged sites (STSs) developed from expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence. From an initial set of 9459 polymerase chain reaction primer sets designed to a diverse set of genes, 4240 STSs were amplified and sequenced in each of six diverse soybean genotypes. In the resulting 2.44 Mbp of aligned sequence, a total of 5551 SNPs were discovered, including 4712 single-base changes and 839 indels for an average nucleotide diversity of theta = 0.000997. The analysis of the observed genetic distances between adjacent genes vs. the theoretical distribution based upon the assumption of a random distribution of genes across the 20 soybean linkage groups clearly indicated that genes were clustered. Of the 1141 genes, 291 mapped to 72 of the 112 gaps of 5-10 cM in the preexisting simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based map, while I I I genes mapped in 19 of the 26 gaps > 10 cM. The addition of 1141 sequence-based genic markers to the soybean genome map will provide an important resource to soybean geneticists for quantitative trait locus discovery and map-based cloning, as well as to soybean breeders who increasingly depend upon marker-assisted selection in cultivar improvement. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Genet Resources Div, Suwon 441707, South Korea. Natl Seed Management Off, Suwon 442400, South Korea. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICG, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006,Room 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM perry.cregan@ars.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 51 TC 190 Z9 215 U1 5 U2 30 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2007 VL 176 IS 1 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.070821 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 174RQ UT WOS:000246960900055 PM 17339218 ER PT J AU Lovene, M Savarese, S Cardi, T Frusciante, L Scotti, N Simon, PW Carputo, D AF Lovene, Marina Savarese, Salvatore Cardi, Teodoro Frusciante, Luigi Scotti, Nunzia Simon, Philipp W. Carputo, Domenico TI Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition of Solanum bulbocastanum (+) Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE potato; wild species; multicolor GISH; genome dosage; organelle DNA ID CYTOGENETIC DNA MARKERS; ORGANELLE DNA; ALIEN CHROMOSOMES; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; POTATO; MITOCHONDRIAL; BREVIDENS; ENDOSPERM; PLANTS AB Somatic hybrids between the wild incongruent species Solanum bulbocastanum (2)1 = 2x = 24) and S. tuberosum haploids (2n = 2x = 24) have been characterized for their nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition. Cytologic observations revealed the recovery of 8 (near-)tetraploid and 3 hexaploid somatic hybrids. Multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis was carried out to study the genomic dosage of the parental species in 5 somatic hybrids with different ploidy. The GISH procedure used was effective in discriminating parental genomes in the hybrids; most chromosomeswere unambiguously colored. Two (near-)tetraploid somatic hybrids showed the expected 2:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage; 2 hexaploids revealed a 4:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage, and I hexaploid had a 2:4 cultivated-towild genomic dosage. Characterization of hybrid cytoplasmic genomes was performed using gene-specific primers that detected polymorphisms between the fusion parents in the intergenic regions. The analysis showed that most of the somatic hvbrids inherited the plastidial and mitochondria) DNA of the cultivated parent. A few hybrids, with a rearranged mitochondrial genome (showing fragments derived from both parents), were also identified. These results confirmed the potential of somatic hybridization in producing new variability for genetic studies and breeding. C1 Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant & Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. CNR, IGV, Inst Plant Genet, Res Div Portici, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Carputo, D (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant & Environm & Anim Prod Sci, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. EM carputo@unina.it NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1139/G07-024 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 197XU UT WOS:000248591300003 ER PT J AU McNear, DH Chaney, RL Sparks, DL AF McNear, David H., Jr. Chaney, Rufus L. Sparks, Donald L. TI The effects of soil type and chemical treatment on nickel speciation in refinery enriched soils: A multi-technique investigation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOIL; IN-SITU REMEDIATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; OXIDE PARTICLES; ZINC SPECIATION; XAFS ANALYSIS; NI AB Aerial deposition of Ni from a refinery in Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada has resulted in the enrichment of 29 km 2 of land with Ni concentrations exceeding the Canadian Ministry of the Environment's remedial action level of 200 mg kg(-1). Several studies on these soils have shown that making the soils calcareous was effective at reducing chemically extractable Ni, as well as alleviating Ni phytotoxicity symptoms in vegetable crops grown in the vicinity of the refinery. Conversely, dolomitic limestone additions resulted in increased uptake of Ni in the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale 'Kotodesh', a plant whose use was proposed as a remediation strategy for this area. In this paper we use multiple techniques to directly assess the role soil type and lime treatments play in altering the speciation of Ni in the Welland loam and Quarry muck soils around the refinery and relate these findings to Ni mobility and bioavailability. Stirred-flow dissolution experiments using pH 4 HNO3 showed that Ni release from the limed Quarry muck and Welland loam soils was reduced (similar to 0.10%) relative to the unlimed soils (similar to 2.0%). Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) identified approximately spherical NiO and Ni metal particles, which are associated with no other metals, and range from 5 to 50 tm in diameter. Synchrotron micro-X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies showed that Ni and Al layered double hydroxide (Ni-Al LDH) phases were present in both the limed and unlimed mineral soils, with a tendency towards more stable (e.g., aged-LDH and phyllosilicate) Ni species in the limed soil, possibly aided by the solubilization of Si with increasing pH. In the muck soils, Ni-organic complexes (namely fulvic acid) dominated the speciation in both limed and unlimed soils. The results reported herein show that both soil type and treatment have a pronounced effect on the speciation of Ni in the soils surrounding the Port Colborne refinery. We provide the first evidence that Ni-Al LDH phases can form in anthropogenically enriched mineral field soils at circumneutral pH, and can lead to a reduction in Ni mobility. In the organic soils Ni is strongly complexed by soil organic matter; a property enhanced with liming. Interestingly, increased accumulation of Ni by A. murale grown in the limed muck and loam soils indicates that the plant may be capable of removing Ni from those fractions typically considered unavailable to most plants. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Rhizosphere Sci Res Grp, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Environm Soil Chem Res Grp, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP McNear, DH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Rhizosphere Sci Res Grp, N122S Agr Sci N Bldg,1100 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dave.mcnear@uky.edu NR 58 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2190 EP 2208 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.006 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163NE UT WOS:000246165800004 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Oxidation, friction reducing, and low temperature properties of epoxy fatty acid methyl esters SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; VEGETABLE-OILS; SOYBEAN OIL; LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS; STABILITY; EPOXIDATION; HYDROGEN; SOYATE; OLEATE AB The use of oleochemicals as biobased lubricants is of significant interest. This article presents the oxidative stability of synthesized epoxidized methyl oleate (EMO), epoxidized methyl linoleate (EMLO), and epoxidized methyl linolenate (EMLEN), as well as that of a commercial epoxidized soybean oil, and epoxidized 2-ethylhexyl soyate. The epoxides show increased stability over olefinic oleochemicals by both pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) and thin film micro oxidation (TFMO). Also reported are the viscosity indices, pour point, and cloud point of the compounds. All of the data indicate that some of these epoxides have significant potential to be used as a fuel additive or lubricating fluid, important areas in the replacement of petrochemicals with environmentally friendly biobased alternatives. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharma, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dollkm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1039/b614100e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 172KG UT WOS:000246802600024 ER PT J AU Parija, G Kumar, T Xi, H Keller, D AF Parija, G. Kumar, T. Xi, H. Keller, D. TI Strategic planning of preparedness budgets for wildland fire management SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB As part of the prototyping effort for the preparedness module (PM) of the Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system that IBM developed for five U.S. federal agencies, we designed and implemented an optimization model for determining budgets necessary,for managing wildland fires during the initial response period. For a given budget, the model uses a mixed-integer linear optimization approach to maximize the number of acres managed (i.e., land protected from fire damage as a result of the initial response). The model is solved iteratively to establish a function that maps best achievable effectiveness, in terms of acres managed, at different budget levels. To handle the computationally prohibitive size of the resulting model instances we devised a heuristic-based solution approach, and we reformulated the client's original model by switching to a continuous time domain and introducing piecewise-linearized functions. As a result, we not only built a tractable model, but also succeeded in delivering a performance speedup of more than 150 fold. We also conducted validation experiments for certain assumptions in the model to assess their impact on the solution quality. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Informat Syst Project Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Parija, G (reprint author), IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 218, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM parija@us.ibm.com; ktarun@us.ibm.com; haifeng.xi@us.ibm.com; DKeller@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAY-JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 390 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 180CH UT WOS:000247337000010 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Cetin, AE Tewfik, AH Gokmen, V AF Pearson, Tom Cetin, A. Enis Tewfik, Ahmed H. Goekmen, Vural TI An overview of signal processing for food inspection SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WHEAT KERNELS; CLASSIFICATION; INSECTS C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20550 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Hacettepe Univ, Dept Food Engn, Ankara, Turkey. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20550 USA. EM thomas.pearson@gmprc.ksu.edu; cetin@bilkent.edu.tr; tewfik@umn.edu; vgokmen@hacettepe.edu.tr RI Gokmen, Vural/G-5478-2011; Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 OI Gokmen, Vural/0000-0002-9601-5391; NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 106 EP + DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.361607 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 167AM UT WOS:000246422800013 ER PT J AU Shyu, CR Green, JM Lun, DR Kazic, T Schaeffer, M Coe, E AF Shyu, Chi-Ren Green, Jason M. Lun, Daniel Rk. Kazic, Toni Schaeffer, Mary Coe, Ed TI Image analysis for mapping immeasurable phenotypes in maize SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20550 USA. RP Shyu, CR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM ShyuC@missouri.edu; jason@diglibl.cecs.missouri.edu; enpklun@polyu.edu.hk; KazicT@missouri.edu; SchaefferM@mis-souri.edu; CoeE@missouri.edu RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.361609 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 167AM UT WOS:000246422800015 ER PT J AU Legastelois, I Garcia-Sastre, A Palese, P Tumpey, TM Maines, TR Katz, JM Vogel, FR Moste, C AF Legastelois, Isabelle Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Palese, Peter Tumpey, Terrence M. Maines, Taronna R. Katz, Jacqueline M. Vogel, Frederick R. Moste, Catherine TI Preparation of genetically engineered A/H5N1 and A/H7N1 pandemic vaccine viruses by reverse genetics in a mixture of Vero and chicken embryo cells SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Influenza; pandemic; reverse genetics; vaccine AB Background In case of influenza pandemic, a robust, easy and clean technique to prepare reassortants would be necessary. Objectives Using reverse genetics, we prepared two vaccine reassortants (A/H5N1 x PR8 and A/H7N1 x PR8) exhibiting the envelope glycoproteins from non-pathogenic avian viruses, A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (A/H5N9) and A/Rhea/New Caledonia/39482/93 (A/H7N1) and the internal proteins of the attenuated human virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Methods The transfection was accomplished using a mixture of Vero and chicken embryo cells both of which are currently being used for vaccine manufacturing. Results This process was reproducible, resulting in consistent recovery of influenza viruses in 6 days. Because it is mainly the A/H5N1 strain that has recently crossed the human barrier, it is the A/PR8 x A/H5N1 reassortant (RG5) that was further amplified, either in embryonated hen eggs or Vero cells, to produce vaccine pre-master seed stocks that met quality control specifications. Safety testing in chickens and ferrets was performed to assess the non-virulence of the reassortant, and finally analysis using chicken and ferret sera immunized with the RG5 virus showed that the vaccine candidate elicited an antibody response cross-reactive with the Hong Kong 1997 and 2003 H5N1 strains but not the Vietnam/2004 viruses. Conclusions The seeds obtained could be used as part of a pandemic vaccine strain 'library' available in case of propagation in humans of a new highly pathogenic avian strain. C1 [Legastelois, Isabelle; Vogel, Frederick R.; Moste, Catherine] Sanofi Pasteur, Res & Dev, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Palese, Peter] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] USDA, SEPRL, Athens, GA USA. [Maines, Taronna R.; Katz, Jacqueline M.] CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Legastelois, I (reprint author), Sanofi Pasteur, Res & Dev, Bldg X N,1541 Ave Merieux, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. EM isabelle.legastelois@sanofipasteur.com OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIH [UC1 AI49519-01, V54 AI 57158, IP01AI48204, U19AI62623]; USDA/ARS CRIS [6612-32000-039-00D] FX We thank Drs J. Schickli, C. W. Whitaker, C. Meric and D. Trent for their contribution to this work and MJ QuentinMillet for the review of this article. This work was partially supported by NIH Challenge Grant UC1 AI49519-01 and by USDA/ARS CRIS project number 6612-32000-039-00D. In addition, part of the work was supported by NIH Grants V54 AI 57158, IP01AI48204 and U19AI62623 (A. G.-S. and P. P.). We thank S. Fraysse, C. Serraille and N. Devard for their technical assistance. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2007.00015.x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA V04PH UT WOS:000207069800003 PM 19453414 ER PT J AU Adams, SH Oort, PJ Warden, CH Baumann, TK AF Adams, Sean H. Oort, Pieter J. Warden, Craig H. Baumann, Thomas K. TI Tusc5: a unique temperature-sensitive, PPARgamma-responsive gene with a potential role in adipocyte-somatosensory neuron function SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th European Congress on Obesity CY APR 22-25, 2007 CL Budapest, HUNGARY C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Dept Pediat, Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behavu, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 158YW UT WOS:000245832700120 ER PT J AU Melistas, L Kontogianni, M Mantzoros, C Ordovas, J Yiannakouris, N AF Melistas, Labros Kontogianni, Meropi Mantzoros, Chris Ordovas, Jose Yiannakouris, Nikos TI Association of the+45T > G and+276G > T polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Greek women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th European Congress on Obesity CY APR 22-25, 2007 CL Budapest, HUNGARY C1 Harokopio Univ, Athens, Greece. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Nutrit & Genom Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 158YW UT WOS:000245832700210 ER PT J AU Yiannakouris, N Melistas, L Mantzoros, C Parnell, L Ordovas, J AF Yiannakouris, Nikos Melistas, Labros Mantzoros, Chris Parnell, Laurence Ordovas, Jose TI A common polymorphism (-3185C > T) in the promoter of the visfatin gene (PBEF1) influences plasma insulin levels in a Greek women population SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th European Congress on Obesity CY APR 22-25, 2007 CL Budapest, HUNGARY C1 Harokopio Univ Athens, GR-17671 Athens, Greece. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med,Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Nutrit & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 158YW UT WOS:000245832700209 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Gundersen-Rindal, D Blackburn, M Buyer, J AF Martin, Phyllis A. W. Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn Blackburn, Michael Buyer, Jeffrey TI Chromobacterium subtsugae sp nov., a betaproteobacterium toxic to Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIOLACEUM; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHOGENS; SEQUENCE; SERRATIA; LARVAE; DNA AB Strain PRAA4-1(T), a motile, Gram-negative, violet-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from Maryland forest soil and found to be orally toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae and other insects. Morphological, biological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Chromobacterium violaceum, the type species and only currently recognized member of the genus Chromobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization with C. violaceum ATCC 12472(T) was 27%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRAA4-1(T) and Chromobacterium violaceum form a monophyletic clade, with the closest ancestral taxon Vogesella indigofera within the Betaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain PRAA4-1(T) (= NRRL B-30655(T) =DSM 17043(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Phyllis.Martin@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64611-0 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 172SQ UT WOS:000246824800018 PM 17473247 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Blastobotrys americana sp nov., Blastobotrys illinoisensis sp nov., Blastobotrys malayslensis sp nov., Blastobotrys musclcola sp nov., Blastobotrys peoriensis sp nov and Blastobotrys raffinosifermentans sp nov., novel anamorphic yeast species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; TRICHOMONASCUS AB The genus Blastobotrys, which now includes species previously assigned to the synonymous genera Arxula and Sympodiomyces, represents the anamorph of the ascosporogenous genus Trichomonascus. Six novel species are proposed for assignment to Blastobotrys. They were detected from their unique nucleotide sequences in large-subunit rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA, mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA and the cytochrome oxidase II gene. The proposed novel species are Blastobotrys americana sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-6844(T) CBS 10337(T); substrate unknown; Kansas, USA), Blastobotrys illinoisensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-1343(T) = CBS 10339(T); from forest debris; Illinois, USA), Blastobotrys malaysiensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-6417(T) =CBS 10336(T); from soil; Malaysia), Blastobotrys muscicola sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-7993(T) = CBS10338(T); from moss; Louisiana, USA), Blastobotrys peoriensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-2290(T)= CBS 10340(T); from a fungus; Peoria, IL, USA) and Blastobotrys raffinosi-fermentans sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27150(T) =CBS 6800(T); substrate unknown). C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1154 EP 1162 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64847-0 PN 5 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 172SQ UT WOS:000246824800046 PM 17473275 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Graf, B Curran-Celentano, JM Blumberg, JB AF Milbury, Paul E. Graf, Brigitte Curran-Celentano, Joanne M. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) anthocyanins modulate heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione S-transferase-pi expression in ARPE-19 cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; STRESS-INDUCED DEATH; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RPE CELLS; DEPENDENT EXPRESSION; MACULAR DEGENERATION; ANTIOXIDANT; FLAVONOIDS; DAMAGE AB PURPOSE. To determine whether anthocyanin-enriched bilberry extracts modulate pre- or posttranslational levels of oxidative stress defense enzymes heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi) in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS. Confluent ARPE-19 cells were preincubated with anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin phenolic fractions of a 25% enriched extract of bilberry (10(-6)-1.0 mg/mL) and, after phenolic removal, cells were oxidatively challenged with H2O2. The concentration of intracellular glutathione was measured by HPLC and free radical production determined by the dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay. HO-1 and GST-pi protein and mRNA levels were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS. Preincubation with bilberry extract ameliorated the intracellular increase of H2O2-induced free radicals in RPE, though H2O2 cytotoxicity was not affected. By 4 hours, the extract had upregulated HO-1 and GST-pi protein by 2.8- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and mRNA by 5.5- and 7.1-fold, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin phenolic fractions contributed similarly to mRNA upregulation. CONCLUSIONS. Anthocyanins and other phenolics from bilberry upregulate the oxidative stress defense enzymes HO-1 and GST-pi in RPE, suggesting that they stimulate signal transduction pathways influencing genes controlled by the antioxidant response element. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Anim & Nutrit Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Milbury, PE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.milbury@tufts.edu NR 45 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2343 EP 2349 DI 10.1167/iovs.06-0452 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 162DU UT WOS:000246067800063 PM 17460300 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Pasnik, David J. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Experimental Edwardsiella ictaluri infection causes mortality in white perch (Morone americana) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Morone americana; white perch ID CAUSATIVE AGENT; DANIO-DEVARIO; CATFISH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PUNCTATUS; FISH AB Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC) has been isolated from other fish species from ten families, but not white perch (Morone americana). In order to determine whether white perch could be experimentally-infected with E. ictaluri, white perch were captured from the Corsica River in Centreville, Maryland, USA, using a castnet. Four perch and 4 cultured channel catfish were experimentally challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 1.0x10(7) colony-forming units of E. ictaluri/fish. While channel catfish exhibited clinical signs characteristic of ESC, the white perch showed limited and nonspecific clinical signs. All challenged fish died within 48 h and 97.5% of nare, brain, head kidney, intestine and posterior kidney samples from the catfish and perch produced growth on 5% de-fibrinated sheep blood agar. The colonies were formed by oxidase-negative, Gram-negative rods and biolog analysis identified the isolates as E. ictaluri (Probability = 99%; SI = 0.91). Despite some differences in clinical presentation, both the channel catfish and white perch were susceptible to E. ictaluri and died due to acute systemic infections. The results of this study demonstrated that white perch are experimentally susceptible to E. ictaluri and this study provides the first description of E. ictaluri infection in white perch. C1 [Pasnik, David J.; Evans, Joyce J.] USDA ARS, Lab Aquat Anim Hlth Res, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Lab Aquat Anim Hlth Res, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lab Aquat Anim Hlth Res, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDWELL ONLINE PI FAISALABAD PA ANSINET BUILDING, 308-LASANI TOWN, SARGODHA RD, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1680-5593 J9 J ANIM VET ADV JI J. Anim. Vet. Adv. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 6 IS 5 BP 646 EP 649 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 263CR UT WOS:000253195700014 ER PT J AU Kuehn, LA Rohrer, GA Nonneman, DJ Thallman, RM Leymaster, KA AF Kuehn, L. A. Rohrer, G. A. Nonneman, D. J. Thallman, R. M. Leymaster, K. A. TI Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ultrasonic backfat depth in a segregating Meishan x White Composite population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE association analysis; backfat depth; single nucleotide polymorphism; swine ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT QUALITY; RESOURCE POPULATION; SUS-SCROFA; WILD BOAR; PIGS; GROWTH; FATNESS; IDENTIFICATION AB Multiple genomic scans have identified QTL for backfat deposition across the porcine genome. The objective of this study was to detect SNP and genomic regions associated with ultrasonic backfat. A total of 74 SNP across 5 chromosomes ( SSC 1, 3, 7, 8, and 10) were selected based on their proximity to backfat QTL or to QTL for other traits of interest in the experimental population. Gilts were also genotyped for a SNP thought to influence backfat in the thyroxine-binding globulin gene ( TBG) on SSC X. Genotypic data were collected on 298 gilts, divided between the F-8 and F-10 generations of the US Meat Animal Research Center Meishan resource population ( composition, one-quarter Meishan). Backfat depths were recorded by ultrasound from 3 locations along the back at approximately 210 and 235 d of age in the F-8 and F-10 generations, respectively. Ultrasound measures were averaged for association analyses. Regressors for additive, dominant, and parent-of-origin effects of each SNP were calculated using genotypic probabilities computed by allelic peeling algorithms in GenoProb. The association model included the fixed effects of scan date and TBG genotype, the covariates of weight and SNP regressors, and random additive polygenic effects to account for genetic similarities between animals not explained by known genotypes. Variance components for polygenic effects and error were estimated using MTDFREML. Initially, each SNP was fitted ( once with and once without parent-of-origin effects) separately due to potential multi-collinearity between regressions of closely linked markers. To form a final model, all significant SNP across chromosomes were included in a common model and were individually removed in successive iterations based on their significance. Across all analyses, TBG was significant, with an additive effect of approximately 1.2 to 1.6 mm of backfat. Three SNP on SSC3 remained in the final model even though few studies have identified QTL for backfat on this chromosome. Two of these SNP exhibited irregular parent-of-origin effects and may not have been detected in other genome scans. One significant SNP on SSC7 remained in the final, backward-selected model; the estimated effect of this marker was similar in magnitude and direction to previously identified QTL. This SNP can potentially be used to introgress the leaner Meishan allele into commercial swine populations. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Leymaster, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Kreg.Leymaster@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1119 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-704 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159GB UT WOS:000245852300001 PM 17264233 ER PT J AU Flores, R Looper, ML Rorie, RW Lamb, MA Reiter, ST Hallford, DM Kreider, DL Rosenkrans, CF AF Flores, R. Looper, M. L. Rorie, R. W. Lamb, M. A. Reiter, S. T. Hallford, D. M. Kreider, D. L. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Influence of body condition and bovine somatotropin on estrous behavior, reproductive performance, and concentrations of serum somatotropin and plasma fatty acids in postpartum Brahman-influenced cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; body condition; conception rate; estrous behavior; somatotropin ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; PRIMIPAROUS BEEF-COWS; GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR; LIVED CORPORA-LUTEA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; NUTRITIONAL ANESTRUS; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; ENERGY-BALANCE; HOLSTEIN COWS AB Ninety-nine multiparous Brahman-influenced (1/4 to 3/8 Brahman) cows were managed to achieve low (BCS = 4.3 +/- 0.1; n = 50) or moderate (BCS = 6.1 +/- 0.1; n = 49) body condition (BC) to determine the influence of bovine somatotropin (bST) on estrous characteristics, reproductive performance, and concentrations of serum GH and plasma NEFA. Beginning 32 d postpartum, cows within each BC were assigned randomly to treatment with or without bST. Non-bST-treated cows received no treatment, and treated cows were administered bST (Posilac, 500 mg s.c.) on d - 35, - 21, and - 7 before initiation of the breeding season. On d - 7, all cows received an intravaginal, controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) device. On d 0 (initiation of the 70-d breeding season), the CIDR were removed and cows received prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)). Blood samples were collected from the median caudal vein of the cows at each bST treatment and at d - 28 and 0. Estrous behavior was monitored by radiotelemetry during the first 30 d of the breeding season. Growth hormone was increased (P < 0.05) in low and moderate BC cows treated with bST. The percentage of cows detected in estrus during the first 30 d of the breeding season was decreased (P = 0.05) for low BC (64%) compared with moderate BC (82%) cows. The interval to first estrus tended (P = 0.07) to be shorter in low BC-bST-treated cows (3.7 +/- 1.9 d) than in moderate BC-bST-treated cows (9.6 +/- 1.8 d). During the first 30 d of the breeding season, cows in low BC had a decreased (P = 0.02) number of mounts received and increased (P = 0.001) quiescence between mounts compared with cows in moderate BC. The number of mounts received was reduced (P = 0.04) in bST-treated cows. More (P = 0.02) cows treated with bST became pregnant during the first 3 d of the breeding season compared with non-bST-treated cows. The cumulative first-service conception rate tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for bST-low BC cows than non-bST-treated cows in low or moderate BC. On d 0, NEFA were greater (P < 0.05) in bST-treated vs. non-bST-treated cows. Low BC and bST reduced the intensity of behavioral estrus in postpartum Brahman-influenced cows. However, bST increased the first-service conception rate during the first 30 d of breeding and pregnancy rates during the first 3 d of breeding in postpartum Brahman-influenced cows. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mlooper@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1329 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-606 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159GB UT WOS:000245852300026 PM 17202399 ER PT J AU Stuedemann, JA Franzluebbers, AJ AF Stuedemann, J. A. Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Cattle performance and production when grazing Bermudagrass at two forage mass levels in the southern Piedmont SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; cattle production; daily gain; grazing pressure; inorganic fertilizer; stocking density ID STEER PERFORMANCE; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; POULTRY LITTER; MANAGEMENT; USA; SOIL; PASTURES; NITROGEN; QUALITY; COASTAL AB Performance and production of growing cattle (Bos taurus) on Coastal Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture are affected by forage allowance, but possible interactions with fertilizer nutrient source (i.e., inorganic vs. organic) and time have not been well described. We evaluated the effects of 3 nutrient sources with equivalent N rates: 1) inorganic, 2) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop plus inorganic, and 3) chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler litter, factorially arranged with 2 residual forage mass levels [grazing to maintain high (4,528 +/- 1,803 kg/ha) and low (2,538 +/- 1,264 kg/ha) forage mass], on cattle stocking density, ADG, and BW gain during 5 consecutive summer grazing seasons. Across grazing seasons, residual forage mass and nutrient source both affected response variables, but interactions between these variables were rarely significant (P = 0.10). Across grazing seasons and nutrient sources, increasing grazing pressure to maintain a lower forage mass reduced ADG (0.67 vs. 0.88 kg/d; P < 0.001) but increased BW gain/ha (726 vs. 578 kg/ha; P < 0.001) due to greater stocking density (8.7 vs. 5.8 steers/ha, P < 0.001; mean BW of growing Angus steers of 212 kg). Inorganic fertilization led to greater stocking density than other nutrient sources (8.2 vs. 6.8 steers/ha, P < 0.001) because of greater forage production. Stocking density to achieve the 2 targeted forage mass levels was widely different during the initial grazing seasons of the study but nearly similar at the end of 5 yr. Cattle performance tended to decline with time during each grazing season under both residual forage mass levels, perhaps as a result of declining forage quality, because performance was positively associated with grazing season precipitation under high forage mass. Steer BW gain/ha was greater (P < 0.05) with lower forage mass early in the grazing season of all years but not necessarily later in the grazing season. Steer BW gain/ha was also greater (P < 0.05) with a lower forage mass during the early years of the study but was similar during the later years of the study. Significant variations in cattle performance and production with time confirmed the short-term seasonal effects but suggested that the long-term effects may also be of importance in maintaining productivity and environmental quality of grazed pastures. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1340 EP 1350 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-723 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159GB UT WOS:000245852300028 PM 17224465 ER PT J AU Sosunov, V Mischenko, V Eruslanov, B Svetoch, E Shakina, Y Stern, N Majorov, K Sorokoumova, G Selishcheva, A Apt, A AF Sosunov, Vasily Mischenko, Vladimir Eruslanov, Boris Svetoch, Edward Shakina, Yulia Stern, Norman Majorov, Konstantin Sorokoumova, Galina Selishcheva, Alla Apt, Alexander TI Antimycobacterial activity of bacteriocins and their complexes with liposomes SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis chemotherapy; mouse model; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CHALLENGE; DRUGS; MODE; MICE; BCG AB Objectives: Bacteriocins (Bcn) are natural peptides that are secreted by several taxonomically distant bacteria and exert bactericidal activity against other bacterial species. Their capacity to inhibit growth of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was evaluated in this study. Methods: Five different Bcn were isolated and purified from bacterial culture supernatants, their amino acid sequence was determined, and activity against mycobacteria assessed in three different models: in vitro mycobacterial cultures, in vitro infection of mouse macrophages and in vivo high-dose infection of inbred mice. Results: In the in vitro model, four out of five Bcn exhibited stronger antimycobacterial activity than equal concentrations of a widely used anti-TB antibiotic, rifampicin. These Bcn were non-toxic for mouse macrophages at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L (>MIC90 of these compounds). Pure Bcn did not inhibit mycobacterial growth within murine macrophages when added at 0.01-0.1 mg/L, suggesting that at physiologically tolerable concentrations these molecules do not penetrate through the membrane of eukaryotic cells. However, when administered as a complex with phosphatidylcholine-cardiolipin liposomes, Bcn5 (selected as a model compound due to its cytotoxicity and antimycobacterial activity regular titration curves) demonstrated capacity both to inhibit intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis and to prolong survival of mice in an acute TB model. Conclusions: Given that the mechanism of Bcn bactericidal activity differs from that of all commonly used antibiotics, their possible involvement in complex TB therapies deserves further study. C1 Cent Inst TB, Immunogenet Lab, Moscow, Russia. State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. MV Lomonosov Moscow State Acad Fine Chem Technol, Moscow, Russia. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow, Russia. RP Apt, A (reprint author), Cent Inst TB, Immunogenet Lab, Moscow, Russia. EM asapt@aha.ru FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL68532] NR 24 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 59 IS 5 BP 919 EP 925 DI 10.1093/jac/dkm053 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 175IB UT WOS:000247006200016 PM 17347179 ER PT J AU Wihtaker, TB Slate, AB Hurley, JM Giesbrecht, FG AF Wihtaker, Thomas B. Slate, Andrew B. Hurley, J. Michael Giesbrecht, Francis G. TI Sampling almonds for aflatoxin, Part II: Estimating risks associated with various sampling plan designs SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; OCHRATOXIN-A; GREEN COFFEE; PEANUTS; LOTS AB About 100 nations have established regulatory limits for aflatoxin in food and feeds. Because these limits vary widely from one country to another, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, working through the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, has initiated work to harmonize aflatoxin limits and sampling plans for almonds, pistachios, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts. Studies were developed to measure the uncertainty and distribution among test results for replicate samples taken from aflatoxin-contaminated almond shipments. The uncertainty and distribution information was used to develop a model to evaluate the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans so that harmonized sampling plans can be developed for almonds that reduce the misclassifying of lots in the export trade. Twenty lots of shelled almonds were sampled according to an experimental protocol in which sixteen 10 kg samples were taken from each lot. The observed aflatoxin distribution among the 16 sample test results was compared with 3 theoretical distributions. The negative binomial distribution was selected to model aflatoxin distribution among sample test results because it gave acceptable fits across all 20 observed sample distributions. By using the variance and distribution information, operating characteristics curves were developed to predict the effect of sample size and accept/reject limits on the probability of rejecting good lots and accepting bad lots. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. DFA Calif, Fresno, CA 93721 USA. RP Wihtaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 778 EP 785 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174HK UT WOS:000246932600019 ER PT J AU Magalhaes, LC French, BW Hunt, TE Siegfried, BD AF Magalhaes, L. C. French, B. W. Hunt, T. E. Siegfried, B. D. TI Baseline susceptibility of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) to clothianidin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; bioassays; neonicotinoid; seed treatment ID RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDES; POPULATIONS; NEBRASKA AB Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, neonate susceptibility to clothianidin, a contact and systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, was determined from both laboratory and field-collected populations. Neonates were exposed to filter paper treated with increasing clothianidin concentrations and mortality was evaluated after 24 h. Additionally, two populations were exposed to an artificial diet which was surface treated with clothianidin. Although larvae were five- to six-fold more sensitive to treated diet, results with treated filter paper were more reliable in terms of control mortality and required much less manipulation of rootworm larvae. Therefore, initial baseline comparisons were conducted using the filter paper assays. The variation among populations exposed to treated filter paper was generally low, 4.4-fold among laboratory populations tested; however, there was a 14.5-fold difference in susceptibility among all populations tested. In general, clothianidin was very toxic to rootworm neonates, with LC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 21.9 ng/cm(2). These results indicate the practicability and sensitivity of the paper filter disc assay to establish baseline susceptibility levels, which is an essential first step in resistance management. A baseline response provides a reference for tracking shifts in susceptibility following commercialization of a control agent so that early changes in susceptibility can be detected. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Concord, NE USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Plant Ind Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 131 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01153.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155WK UT WOS:000245609100003 ER PT J AU Rorig, ML McKay, SJ Ferguson, SA Werth, P AF Rorig, Miriam L. McKay, Steven J. Ferguson, Sue A. Werth, Paul TI Model-generated predictions of dry thunderstorm potential SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Dry thunderstorms (those that occur without significant rainfall at the ground) are common in the interior western United States. Moisture drawn into the area from the Gulfs of Mexico and California is sufficient to form high-based thunderstorms. Rain often evaporates before reaching the ground, and cloud-to-ground lightning generated by these storms strikes dry fuels. Fire weather forecasters at the National Weather Service and the National Interagency Coordination Center try to anticipate days with widespread dry thunderstorms because they result in multiple fire ignitions, often in remote areas. The probability of the occurrence of dry thunderstorms that produce fire-igniting lightning strikes was found to be greater on days with high instability and a deficit of moisture at low levels of the atmosphere. Based on these upper-air variables, an algorithm was developed to estimate the potential of dry lightning (lightning that strikes the ground with little or no rainfall at the surface) when convective storms are expected. In the current study, this algorithm has been applied throughout the western United States, with modeled meteorological variables rather than the observed soundings that have previously been used, to develop a predictive scheme for estimating the risk of dry thunderstorms. Predictions of the risk of dry thunderstorms were generated from real-time forecasts using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) for the summers of 2004 and 2005. During that period, 240 large lightning-caused fires were ignited in the model domain. Of those fires, 40% occurred where the probability of dry lightning was predicted to be equal to or greater than 90% and 58% occurred where the probability was 75% or greater. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. NW Interagcy Coordinat Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Rorig, ML (reprint author), 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM mrorig@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1175/JAM2482.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 170ZT UT WOS:000246705400004 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Taylor, JB Van Vleet, S AF Seefeldt, S. S. Taylor, J. B. Van Vleet, S. TI Reducing Euphorbia esula with a combination of sheep grazing and imazapic SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; herbicide; integrated management ID LEAFY SPURGE; HERBICIDES AB Field studies were conducted in Idaho from 2002 to 2004 to determine whether summer grazing of sheep for I or 2 years before an autumn application of imazapic would enhance control of Euphorbia esula. E. esula, a perennial plant native to parts of Europe and Asia, has invaded the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains after its introduction into North America in the early 1880s and caused significant reductions in native plant biomass. Experiments were conducted to determine the impacts of 1 or 2 years of sheep grazing with or without a fall application of imazapic on E. esula and native plant populations. Sheep grazing was designed to remove reproductive parts from E. esula within a 10d grazing period. Imazapic was applied at 210 g ae ha(-1) with 1.25% (v/v) methylated seed oil. One year of sheep grazing did not alter measured vegetation components, but it did result in an increase of grass seed in the soil. Two years of sheep grazing increased the forb and grass cover component, increased the grass seed in the soil, and kept the E. esula seed bank from increasing. Application of imazapic reduced E. esula stem densities and cover and increased native forb cover. The combination of 1 or 2 years of sheep grazing and imazapic did not enhance the control of E. esula. However, 2 years of carefully timed sheep grazing followed with an imazapic application resulted in sustained productivity of plant biomass in the pasture. Because 2 years of sheep grazing prevented an increase in the E. esula seed bank, managers may have a better opportunity to establish desired vegetation in sagebrush steppe ecosystems after removing E. esula with imazapic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, USDA ARS, Room 355 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov; btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov; svanvleet@wsu.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.10.007 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152GK UT WOS:000245349300007 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Miller, RF AF Davies, K. W. Bates, J. D. Miller, R. F. TI The influence of Artemsia tridentata ssp wyomingensis on microsite and herbaceous vegetation heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE wyoming big sagebrush; micro-environment; subcanopy; interspace; plant interactions ID GREAT-BASIN PERENNIALS; SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; BIG SAGEBRUSH; EASTERN OREGON; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; COMPETITION; PATTERNS; DESERT; PLANTS AB The spatial distribution of Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh within plant communities creates two distinct zones; underneath (subcanopy) and between shrub canopies (interspace). The purpose the study was to determine the influence of subcanopy and interspace zones on microsite characteristics and herbaceous vegetation. Study sites were located at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range (NGBER) (56 km west of Burns, OR) and Baker Pass (80 km southeast of Burns, OR). At the NGBER, microsite and vegetation differences existed between subcanopy and interspace zones. Compared to the interspace, subcanopy zones were characterized by lower fluctuations in soil temperature, higher levels of soil organic matter, nitrogen, carbon, and water, and greater herbaceous biomass, cover, and density. A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis appears to strongly influence the spatial arrangement of herbaceous vegetation at the NGBER. Zonal vegetation differences measured at the NGBER were not found at Baker Pass, a location with a more north-facing aspect than the NBGER. Our results suggest that the influence of A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis on herbaceous spatial heterogeneity may be greater as sites become warmer and drier. Our study demonstrated the potential of A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis to create herbaceous spatial heterogeneity, elucidated that the relationships between A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and herbaceous species are complex, and can be site specific. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 441 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.10.017 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152GK UT WOS:000245349300008 ER PT J AU Haramis, GM Link, WA Osenton, PC Carter, DB Weber, RG Clark, NA Teece, MA Mizrahi, DS AF Haramis, G. Michael Link, William A. Osenton, Peter C. Carter, David B. Weber, Richard G. Clark, Nigel A. Teece, Mark A. Mizrahi, David S. TI Stable isotope and pen feeding trial studies confirm the value of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs to spring migrant shorebirds in Delaware Bay SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; RED KNOTS; BREEDING GROUNDS; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; BODY STORES; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; DIET; TURNOVER; STOPOVER AB We used stable isotope (SI) methods in combination with pen feeding trials to determine the importance of eggs of the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus to migratory fattening of red knots Calidris canutus rufa and ruddy turnstones Arenaria interpres morinella during spring stopover in Delaware Bay. By manifesting measurable fractionation (ca + 3 parts per thousand) and rapid turnover, blood plasma delta(15) nitrogen proved a functional marker for SI diet tracking during the short 3-week stopover. Blood samples from free-ranging knots (3 data sets) and turnstones (I data set) produced similar convergence of plasma delta N-15 signatures with increasing body mass that indicated highly similar diets. Asymptotes deviated slightly (0.3 parts per thousand to 0.7 parts per thousand) from that of captive shorebirds fed a diet of only crab eggs during stopover, thus confirming a strong crab egg-shorebird linkage. The plasma delta N-15 crab-egg diet asymptote was enriched ca +4.5 parts per thousand and therefore readily discriminated from that of either blue mussels Mytilus edulis or coquina clams Donax variabilis, the most likely alternative prey of knots in Delaware Bay. Crab eggs were highly palatable to captive knots and turnstones which achieved rates of mass gain (3-11 g/d) comparable to that of free-ranging birds. Peak consumption rates during hyperphagic events were 23,940 and 19,360 eggs/bird/d, respectively. The empirical conversions of eggs consumed to body mass gained (5,017 eggs/g for knots and 4,320 eggs/g for turnstones) indicate the large quantities of crab eggs required for the maintenance of these shorebird populations during stopover. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr,Beltsville Lab,US Geol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Delware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Contorl, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Delaware Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Dover, DE 19901 USA. British Trust Ornithol, Thetford IP24 2PU, Norfolk, England. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. New Jersey Audubon Soc, Ctr Res & Educ, Cape May, NJ 08210 USA. RP Haramis, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr,Beltsville Lab,US Geol, Bldg 308,Rm 114,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mbaramis@usgs.gov RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010 NR 55 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03898.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 179TD UT WOS:000247312100016 ER PT J AU Thines, NJ Shipley, LA Bassman, JH Fellman, JK Mattison, DS Slusser, JR Gao, W AF Thines, Nicole J. Shipley, Lisa A. Bassman, John H. Fellman, John K. Mattison, D. Scott Slusser, James R. Gao, Wei TI Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on plant chemistry: nutritional consequences for a specialist and generalist lagomorph SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cottontail; herbivore; flavonoids; phenolics; pygmy rabbit; secondary compounds; terpenes UV-B ID BRACHYLAGUS-IDAHOENSIS; ACHILLEA-MILLEFOLIUM; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; ESSENTIAL OIL; SAGEBRUSH; TERPENES; OZONE; HERBIVORY; BIRCH; L. AB Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been increasing in temperate latitudes in recent decades and is expected to continue rising for some time. Enhanced UV-B radiation can change plant chemistry, yet the effects of these changes on mammalian herbivores are unknown. To examine the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on nutrition of a specialist and generalist hindgut fermenter, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of three common North American range plants, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregneria spicata), and how these changes influenced in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vivo digestibility by pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) and eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus). Forages were irradiated for 3 mo with ambient (1 X) or supplemental (1.6X) UV-B radiation representing a 15% ozone depletion for Pullman, WA, USA. Enhanced UV-B radiation had minimal effects on the nutritional content and the tannin-binding capacity of forages. Similarly, the terpene concentration in sagebrush and yarrow was not affected by higher UV-B irradiances. Flavonoid compounds increased in sagebrush but decreased in yarrow. Rabbit preference and intake was not affected by treatment levels for any forage species and no differences were found between treatments for dry matter, fiber, protein digestibility, and apparent digestible energy. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Thines, NJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM nikkithines@yahoo.com RI Mattison, Donald/L-4661-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874; NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1025 EP 1039 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9280-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167UO UT WOS:000246478200011 PM 17406969 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG Blackburn, MB AF Lawrence, Susan D. Novak, Nicole G. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Inhibition of proteinase inhibitor transcripts by Leptinotarsa decemlineata regurgitant in Solanum lycopersicum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbivore; Colorado potato beetle; regurgitant; proteinase inhibitor ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; METHYL JASMONATE; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; PLANT VOLATILES; LEAVES; SPHINGIDAE; RESPONSES; SUFFICIENT AB One mechanism by which plants defend themselves against insect herbivores is the production of plant proteinase inhibitors, which can inhibit digestion in the midgut, thus affecting growth and survival. In this work, the effect of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] regurgitant on Solanum lycopersicum defenses was investigated. When regurgitant from fourth-instar CPB was applied to wounded S. lycopersicum leaves, the wound-induced transcripts for the proteinase inhibitors pin1 and pin2 were reduced. Boiling the regurgitant abolished its ability to reduce the pin transcripts. Ultrafiltration of the regurgitant demonstrated that it contained a component between 10 and 30 kDa molecular weight that inhibited wound-induced pin1 and pin2 expression, suggesting that it may be a protein. This may represent a mechanism that the CPB has evolved to elude the plant's induced response to infestation. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W Bldg 011A,Rm214, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Susan.Lawrence@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9285-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167UO UT WOS:000246478200012 PM 17404816 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Mincsovics, E Khan, SI Jacob, MR Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Betul Baser, K. Husnu Can Mincsovics, Emil Khan, Shabana I. Jacob, Melissa R. Wedge, David E. TI Characterization of volatile constituents of Scaligeria tripartita and studies on the antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Scaligeria tripartita; Pimpinella species; overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC); essential oil; GCiMS; Apiaceae; phenylpropanoids; antimalarial activity; antimicrobial activity ID OVERPRESSURED-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLOWING ELUENT WALL; ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; CANARY-ISLANDS; ESSENTIAL OILS; AERIAL PARTS; OPLC; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from stems and leaves, fruits and roots of Scaligeria tripartita oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 38 compounds were identified ranging 89-94% of the oil samples. Geijerene was found as a main compound in the oils of the stems and leaves (37%) and fruits (55%), whereas epoxypseudoisoeugenol angetate (37%) was found as a main compound in the root oil. Oils were subsequently evaluated for their antimalarial, antimicrobial against human pathogenic bacteria or fungi and antifungal activities against plant pathogens. Antifungal activity of Scaligeria oils was observed against the strawberry anthracnose-causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides using the direct overlay bioautography assay. Chemotaxonomically important pure compounds indicated in the bioautography assay were subsequently evaluated in a 96-well microdilution broth assay. The performance of overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) and TLC for the analysis of Scaligeria essential oils was also compared. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. OPLC NIT Ltd, H-1119 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Mississippi, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27094] NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 850 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.041 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 170ZA UT WOS:000246703500028 PM 17169621 ER PT J AU Vivoni, ER Gutierrez-Jurado, HA Aragon, CA Mendez-Barroso, LA Rinehart, AJ Wyckoff, RL Rodriguez, JC Watts, CJ Bolten, JD Lakshmi, V Jackson, TJ AF Vivoni, Enrique R. Gutierrez-Jurado, Hugo A. Aragon, Carlos A. Mendez-Barroso, Luis A. Rinehart, Alex J. Wyckoff, Robert L. Rodriguez, Julio C. Watts, Christopher J. Bolten, John D. Lakshmi, Venkataraman Jackson, Thomas J. TI Variation of hydrometeorological conditions along a topographic transect in northwestern Mexico during the North American monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; WESTERN SIERRA-MADRE; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; RAINFALL; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Relatively little is currently known about the spatiotemporal variability of land surface conditions during the North American monsoon, in particular for regions of complex topography. As a result, the role played by land-atmosphere interactions in generating convective rainfall over steep terrain and sustaining monsoon conditions is still poorly understood. In this study, the variation of hydrometeorological conditions along a large-scale topographic transect in northwestern Mexico is described. The transect field experiment consisted of daily sampling at 30 sites selected to represent variations in elevation and ecosystem distribution. Simultaneous soil and atmospheric variables were measured during a 2-week period in early August 2004. Transect observations were supplemented by a network of continuous sampling sites used to analyze the regional hydrometeorological conditions prior to and during the field experiment. Results reveal the strong control exerted by topography on the spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture, with distinct landscape regions experiencing different hydrologic regimes. Reduced variations at the plot and transect scale during a drydown period indicate that homogenization of hydrologic conditions occurred over the landscape. Furthermore, atmospheric variables are clearly linked to surface conditions, indicating that heating and moistening of the boundary layer closely follow spatial and temporal changes in hydrologic properties. Land-atmosphere interactions at the basin scale (similar to 100 km(2)), obtained via a technique accounting for topographic variability, further reveal the role played by the land surface in sustaining high atmospheric moisture conditions, with implications toward rainfall generation during the North American monsoon. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Inst Medio Ambiente & Desarrollo Sustentable Esta, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Vivoni, ER (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, MSEC 244,801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM vivoni@nmt.edu RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012; Bolten, John/F-9006-2012; Mendez-Barroso, Luis/D-2884-2015 OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459; NR 45 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1792 EP 1809 DI 10.1175/JCL14094.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167TE UT WOS:000246473800012 ER PT J AU Watts, CJ Scott, RL Garatuza-Payan, J Rodriguez, JC Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Douglas, M AF Watts, Christopher J. Scott, Russell L. Garatuza-Payan, Jaime Rodriguez, Julio C. Prueger, John H. Kustas, William P. Douglas, Michael TI Changes in vegetation condition and surface fluxes during NAME 2004 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MONSOON; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEM; MEXICO AB The vegetation in the core region of the North American monsoon ( NAM) system changes dramatically after the onset of the summer rains so that large changes may be expected in the surface fluxes of radiation, heat, and moisture. Most of this region lies in the rugged terrain of western Mexico and very few measurements of these fluxes have been made in the past. Surface energy balance measurements were made at seven sites in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona during the intensive observation period ( IOP) of the North American Monsoon Experiment ( NAME) in summer 2004 to better understand how land surface vegetation change alters energy flux partitioning. Satellite data were used to obtain time series for vegetation indices and land surface temperature for these sites. The results were analyzed to contrast conditions before the onset of the monsoon with those afterward. As expected, precipitation during the 2004 monsoon was highly variable from site to site, but it fell in greater quantities at the more southern sites. Likewise, large changes in the vegetation index were observed, especially for the subtropical sites in Sonora. However, the changes in the broadband albedo were very small, which was rather surprising. The surface net radiation was consistent with the previous observations, being largest for surfaces that are transpiring and cool, and smallest for surfaces that are dry and hot. The largest evaporation rates were observed for the subtropical forest and riparian vegetation sites. The evaporative fraction for the forest site was highly correlated with its vegetation index, except during the dry spell in August. This period was clearly detected in the land surface temperature data, which rose steadily in this period to a maximum at its end. C1 Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. Inst Tecnol Sonora, Obregon, Mexico. Inst Medio Ambiente Estado Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Watts, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Blvd Encinas & Rosales, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM watts@fisica.uson.mx NR 14 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1810 EP 1820 DI 10.1175/JCL14088.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167TE UT WOS:000246473800013 ER PT J AU Powell, A Kerr, D Guthrie, D Wall, R AF Powell, Ann Kerr, David Guthrie, David Wall, Robert TI Lactation induction as a predictor of post-parturition transgene expression in bovine milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bull; secretion; mastitis; prepubertal ID HORMONE INDUCED LACTATION; CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER; ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION; NONPREGNANT COWS; MAMMARY-GLANDS; GOATS; CATTLE; PROGESTERONE; PERFORMANCE; FERTILITY AB The bovine's long generation interval results in a delay of several years when evaluating mammary specific transgenes in genetically engineered animals. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of reducing that waiting period. Lactation was induced in prepubertal bull and heifer calves as a means of predicting transgene behaviour during subsequent postparturient lactations in the heifers themselves, and in daughters sired by the bulls. The animals carry a lactation-specific transgene encoding lysostaphin, an antimicrobial protein that kills Staphlococcus aureus, a mastitis-causing pathogen. Oestrogen, progesterone and dexamethasone were administered as previously described (Ball et al. 2000) to nine heifers (five transgenics) ranging in weight from 80 to 145 kg. Eight bull calves (seven transgenics) weighing 81-178 kg received additional oestrogen and progesterone injection prior to dexamethasone treatment. All nine heifers responded to the milk induction scheme yielding between 19 ml and 4.51 over 5 d. Milk volume from the four responding males (30 mu l to 2.5 ml) was significantly less than that harvested from females (P=0.025). Only bull calves >117 kg had a positive response. Lysostaphin was detected in all transgenic prepubertal heifers and in two transgenic prepubertal bull calves induced. A positive relationship was observed between lysostaphin's stapholytic activity in the two types of lactations (r(2)=0.907, P<0.001) thus providing a useful means of predicting subsequent lysostaphin production in post-partum milk. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wall, R (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bobwall@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1017/S0022029907002580 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 178AD UT WOS:000247192700018 PM 17451624 ER PT J AU Daniels, KJ Donkin, SS Eicher, SD Pajor, EA Schutz, MM AF Daniels, K. J. Donkin, S. S. Eicher, S. D. Pajor, E. A. Schutz, M. M. TI Prepartum milking of heifers influences future production and health SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prepartum milking; heifer; well-being ID PERFORMANCE; COWS AB Transition heifers face multiple stressors during the periparturient period, including first exposure to milking, that may adversely impact dry matter intake ( DMI), reduce milk production, compromise immune function, and increase susceptibility to disease. It was hypothesized that reducing the combined stressors experienced at calving would improve the periparturient performance, health, and well- being of heifers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of initiating the milking procedure 3 wk before expected calving on production, DMI, body weight, energy balance, udder health, calving traits, and health status, as indicated by plasma acute phase protein concentrations. Twenty- two primigravid heifers, blocked by expected calving date, were assigned randomly either to a prepartum milking ( PM) group or control group. The PM heifers were milked twice daily beginning at 21 d before expected calving, and control heifers were not milked until after calving. All heifers had access to the same precalving and postcalving diets. Results indicated that PM heifers produced more milk during the first 2 wk after calving and had greater DMI as a percentage of body weight during the first month after calving than did control heifers, although energy balance was more negative for PM heifers. The PM heifers had reduced somatic cell counts through the first month after calving and lower average somatic cell scores during lactation despite having more quarters with mastitis infection at calving. The PM heifers had less udder edema at the third milking postcalving, and had reduced concentrations of haptoglobin in blood sooner than did control heifers. These results indicate that prepartum milking is an alternative management practice that has beneficial effects on the production, health, and well- being of first- lactation cows. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ADM Anim Nutr Res Ctr, Decatur, IN 46733 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schutz, MM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mschutz@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2293 EP 2301 DI 10.3168/jds.2005-881 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 156MC UT WOS:000245651700026 PM 17430930 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Tooker, ME Cole, JB Wiggans, GR Megonigal, JH AF VanRaden, P. M. Tooker, M. E. Cole, J. B. Wiggans, G. R. Megonigal, J. H., Jr. TI Genetic evaluations for mixed-breed populations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; multibreed; cross-breeding ID ANIMAL-MODEL; DAIRY-CATTLE; BROWN SWISS; CROSSBREDS; HOLSTEINS; TRAITS; AGE AB An all- breed animal model was developed for routine genetic evaluations of US dairy cattle. Data sets from individual breeds were combined, and records from crossbred cows were included. About 1% of recent cows were first- generation crossbreds. The numbers of cows with records since 1960 ranged from 10 to 22 million for the 6 traits analyzed, which were milk, fat, protein, somatic cell score, productive life, and daughter pregnancy rate. Programs were modified to account for general heterosis, to group unknown parents separately by breed, to adjust variances separately by breed, and to adjust data to a 36- mo age equivalent instead of a mature equivalent. Convergence rate of the all- breed model was similar to that of the previous within-breed animal model. Estimated breed differences were similar to those obtained previously from phenotypic breed means or from studies of crossbred cows and their herdmates. Genetic evaluations from the all- breed and within- breed systems had high correlations: > 0.99 for recent Holsteins and slightly < 0.99 for other breeds. Predicted transmitting abilities will be converted back to the within- breed bases for purebred animals and to the breed of sire base for crossbred animals so that most purebred breeders will not be affected by the change to a multibreed model. Evaluations of crossbred animals from the multibreed model can include accurate information for both parents. Reliabilities also increase for purebred relatives because of the additional crossbred records and in mixed breed herds because cows of other breeds are additional contemporaries. Another benefit of the multibreed model is that breed differences are routinely estimated and updated. More research and education may be needed on using the new evaluations in the design of breeding programs. Implementation is expected in May 2007. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2434 EP 2441 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-704 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 156MC UT WOS:000245651700044 PM 17430948 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM AF Cole, J. B. Wiggans, G. R. VanRaden, P. M. TI Genetic evaluation of stillbirth in United States Holsteins using a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sire-maternal grandsire model; stillbirth; threshold model ID CALVING EASE; CATEGORICAL-DATA; MORTALITY; DYSTOCIA AB A sire- maternal grandsire threshold model was used for genetic evaluation of stillbirth in US Holsteins. Calving ease and stillbirth records for herds reporting at least 10 dead calves were extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory database. About half of the 14 million calving ease records in the database had a known livability score, mostly from herds processed by Dairy Records Management Systems ( Raleigh, NC). Calf livability scores of 2 and 3, representing calves born dead and calves that died within 48 h of parturition, respectively, were combined into a single category. The model included effects of herd- year, year- season, parity- sex, sire, birth year group of sire, maternal grandsire ( MGS), and birth year group of MGS. Herd- year, sire, and MGS were random effects. Mean predicted transmitting abilities, expressed as the expected percentage of stillbirths, were 7.9 and 8.6 for direct and maternal stillbirths, respectively. Mean reliabilities for both the direct and maternal effects were 45%. Correlations among domestic and Interbull stillbirth solutions on the underlying scale for bulls with at least 90% reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.90 across countries for direct stillbirths and from 0.69 to 0.96 for maternal stillbirths, indicating that results were generally consistent with those from other countries. There was no evidence of a genetic trend for either trait. More complete recording of stillbirth scores would improve reliabilities and could allow for evaluations of other breeds. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcole@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2480 EP 2488 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-435 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 156MC UT WOS:000245651700048 PM 17430952 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Miller, RH AF Cole, J. B. Wiggans, G. R. VanRaden, P. M. Miller, R. H. TI Stillbirth (co) variance components for a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model and development of a calving ability index for sire selection SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calving ability index; stillbirth; threshold model; variance component ID UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; CATEGORICAL-DATA; HOLSTEINS; TRAITS; EASE; DYSTOCIA AB Co) variance components for stillbirth in US Holsteins were estimated under a sire- maternal grandsire threshold model using subsets of data from the national calving ease database, which includes over 6 million calving records with associated stillbirth scores. Still-birth was coded as a binomial trait indicating whether the calf was alive 48 h postpartum. Records were selected for calves whose sire and maternal grandsire ( MGS) were among the 2,600 most frequently appearing bulls ( 2,578 sires and 2,586 MGS). Herd- years were required to contain at least 20 records and only single births were used. After editing, the data set included 2,083,979 calving records from 5,765 herds and 33,304 herd- years. Six sample datasets of approximately 250,000 records each were created by randomly selecting herd codes. Quasi- REML and Bayesian approaches were used to estimate ( co) variance components from each sample. The model included fixed yearseason, parity- sex, birth year group of sire, and birth year group of MGS effects and random herd- year, sire, MGS, and residual effects. Quasi- REML and Bayesian analyses produced similar results, although the Bayesian estimates were slightly larger. Marginal posterior means ( and standard deviations) from the Bayesian analysis averaged 0.0085 ( 0.0015), 0.0181 ( 0.0020), 0.0872 ( 0.0538), and 0.00410 ( 0.0001) for sire, MGS, and herd- year variances and the sire- MGS covariance, respectively. Mean direct and maternal heritabilities were 0.030 ( 0.003) and 0.058 ( 0.005), respectively, and the mean genetic correlation between the 2 effects was - 0.02 ( 0.16). A calving ability index combining stillbirth ( SB) and calving ease ( CE) was developed for inclusion in the Lifetime Net Merit index. The index was calculated as - 4( sire CE)- 3( daughter CE)- 4( sire SB) - 8( daughter SB). C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcole@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2489 EP 2496 DI 10.3168/jds.2006-436 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 156MC UT WOS:000245651700049 PM 17430953 ER PT J AU Henne, PD Hu, FS Cleland, DT AF Henne, Paul D. Hu, Feng Sheng Cleland, David T. TI Lake-effect snow as the dominant control of mesic-forest distribution in Michigan, USA SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lake-effect snow; landscape ecosystems; MARS; sugar maple; winter ecology ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; NORTHEASTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; LANDSCAPE-LEVEL VARIATION; SUGAR MAPLE DECLINE; GREAT-LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS AB 1 Recent studies demonstrated the sensitivity of northern forest ecosystems to changes in the amount and duration of snow cover at annual to decadal time scales. However, the consequences of snowfall variability remain uncertain for ecological variables operating at longer time scales, especially the distributions of forest communities. 2 The Great Lakes region of North America offers a unique setting to examine the long-term effects of variable snowfall on forest communities. Lake-effect snow produces a three-fold gradient in annual snowfall over tens of kilometres, and dramatic edaphic variations occur among landform types resulting from Quaternary glaciations. We tested the hypothesis that these factors interact to control the distributions of mesic (dominated by Acer saccharum, Tsuga canadensis and Fagus grandifolia) and xeric forests (dominated by Pinus and Quercus spp.) in northern Lower Michigan. 3 We compiled pre-European-settlement vegetation data and overlaid these data with records of climate, water balance and soil, onto Landtype Association polygons in a geographical information system. We then used multivariate adaptive regression splines to model the abundance of mesic vegetation in relation to environmental controls. 4 Snowfall is the most predictive among five variables retained by our model, and it affects model performance 29% more than soil texture, the second most important variable. The abundance of mesic trees is high on fine-textured soils regardless of snowfall, but it increases with snowfall on coarse-textured substrates. Lake-effect snowfall also determines the species composition within mesic forests. The weighted importance of A. saccharum is significantly greater than of T. canadensis or F. grandifolia within the lake-effect snowbelt, whereas T. canadensis is more plentiful outside the snowbelt. These patterns are probably driven by the influence of snowfall on soil moisture, nutrient availability and fire return intervals. 5 Our results imply that a key factor dictating the spatio-temporal patterns of forest communities in the vast region around the Great Lakes is how the lake-effect snowfall regime responds to global change. Snowfall reductions will probably cause a major decrease in the abundance of ecologically and economically important species, such as A. saccharum. C1 Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Eastern Reg Off, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Henne, PD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM phenne@life.uiuc.edu RI Henne, Paul/B-1748-2010 OI Henne, Paul/0000-0003-1211-5545 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 95 IS 3 BP 517 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01220.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157BO UT WOS:000245693800012 ER PT J AU Davis, JH Griffith, SM Horwath, WR Steiner, JJ Myrold, DD AF Davis, Jennifer H. Griffith, Stephen M. Horwath, William R. Steiner, Jeffrey J. Myrold, David D. TI Mitigation of shallow groundwater nitrate in a poorly drained riparian area and adjacent cropland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; WESTERN OREGON; BUFFER STRIPS; FLOW PATHS; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; ZONE; STREAM; FATE AB Riparian ecosystems, through their unique position in the agricultural landscape and ability to influence nutrient cycles, can potentially reduce NO3 loading to surface and ground waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the fate of NO3 in shallow groundwater moving along a lateral flowpath from a grass seed cropping system through an undisturbed mixed-species herbaceous riparian area. Soil A (30-45 cm) and C horizon (135-150 cm) NO3, dissolved oxygen, and nitrous oxide concentrations were significantly higher in the cropping system than the adjacent riparian area. Nitrate concentrations in both horizons of the riparian soil were consistently at or below 0.05 mg N L-1 while cropping system concentrations ranged from 1 to 12 mg N L-1 Chloride data suggested that NO3 dilution occurred from recharge by precipitation. However, a sharp decrease in NO3/Cl ratios as water moved into the riparian area indicated that additional dilution of NO3 concentrations was unlikely. Riparian area A horizon soil water had higher dissolved organic carbon than the cropping system and when the riparian soil became saturated, available electron acceptors (O-2, NO3) were rapidly reduced. Dissolved inorganic carbon was significantly higher in the riparian area than the cropping system for both horizons indicating high biological activity. Carbon limitation in the cropping system may have led to microbial respiration using primarily 02 and to a lesser degree NO3. Within 6 m of the riparian/cropping system transition, NO3 was virtually undetectable. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM griffits@onid.orst.edu RI Myrold, David/E-1813-2011 OI Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 628 EP 637 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0186 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500003 PM 17412899 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Wells, JE AF Varel, Vincent H. Wells, James E. TI Influence of thymol and a urease inhibitor on coliform bacteria, odor, urea, and methane from a swine production manure pit SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; CATTLE WASTE; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; FEEDLOT; PATHOGENS; ACCUMULATION; DEGRADATION; REDUCTION; LIMONENE AB Pathogens, ammonia, odor, and greenhouse gas emissions are serious environmental concerns associated with swine production. This study was conducted in two manure pits (33 000 L each) to determine the influence of 1.5 or 3.0 g thymol L-1 and 80 mg L-1 urease inhibitor amendments on urea accumulation, coliform bacteria, odor, and methane emission. Each experiment lasted 18 or 19 d, during which time 30 to 36 250-mL samples (six per day) were withdrawn from underneath each pit and analyzed for urea, thymol, volatile fatty acids, coliform bacteria, and Campylobacter. At the end of each experiment, six 50-g samples from each pit were placed in serum bottles, and gas volume and composition were determined periodically for 28 d. Compared with the control pit, volatile fatty acids production was reduced 64 and 100% for the thymol amendments of 1.5 and 3.0 g L-1, respectively. Viable coliform cells were reduced 4.68 and 5.88 log(10) colony-forming units kg(-1) of slurry for the 1.5 and 3.0 g thymol L-1, respectively, and Escherichia coli were reduced 4.67 and 5.01 log(10) colony-forming units kg(-1) of slurry, respectively. Campylobacter was not detected in the pits treated with thymol, in contrast to 63% of the samples being positive for the untreated pit. Urea accumulated in the treated pits from Day 3 to 6. Total gas production from serum bottles was reduced 65 and 76% for thymol amendments of 1.5 and 3.0 g L-1, respectively, and methane was reduced 78 and 93%, respectively. These results suggest that thymol markedly reduces pathogens, odor, and greenhouse gas emissions from a swine production facility. The urease inhibitor produced a temporary response in conserving urea. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vince.varel@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0394 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500016 PM 17412912 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Szogi, AA Stone, KC Watts, DW Johnson, MH AF Novak, J. M. Szogi, A. A. Stone, K. C. Watts, D. W. Johnson, M. H. TI Dissolved phosphorus export from an animal waste impacted in-stream wetland: Response to tropical storm and hurricane disturbance SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PAMLICO SOUND; NORTH-CAROLINA; WATER; RETENTION; RIVER; FLOYD AB The ability of wetlands to retain P makes them an important landscape feature that buffers P movement. However, their P retention ability can be compromised through hydrologic disturbances caused by hurricanes and tropical storms (TS). This study had three objectives: (i) to determine the effects of hurricanes and TS on dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations and loads discharged from a Coastal Plain in-stream wetland (ISW); (ii) to evaluate shifts in P storage pools that would reflect P accretion/removal patterns; and (iii) to determine if relationships exist between storm characteristics with releases of DP and water volume. From January 1996 to October 1999, the ISW's outflow DP concentrations and flow volumes (Q) were measured and they were used to calculate DP mass export loads. In addition, the sediment total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were measured, and both the water column and sediment pore water DP concentrations were examined using passive samplers. In several instances, TS facilitated greater DP releases than a single hurricane event. The largest release of DP occurred in 1999 after Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene. The large differences in DP exports among the storms were explained by Q variations. Storm activity also caused changes in sediment pore water DP and sediment TP concentrations. This study revealed that some TS events caused higher DP releases than a single hurricane; however, multiple hurricanes delivering heavy precipitation totals significantly increased DP export. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 790 EP 800 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0431 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500018 PM 17412914 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Rhoton, FE AF Bennett, Sean J. Rhoton, Fred E. TI Reservoir sedimentation and environmental degradation: Assessing trends in sediment-associated trace elements in Grenada Lake, Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; ACCUMULATION RATES; MERCURY; SOIL; NORMALIZATION; CONTAMINANTS; EROSION; QUALITY AB Sediments impounded within flood control reservoirs are potentially important archives of environmental and geomorphic processes occurring within drainage basins. The concentrations of select sediment-associated trace elements were assessed within the impoundment of Grenada Lake, a relatively large flood control reservoir in Mississippi with a history of contaminant bioaccumulation in fish. The post-construction sediments (after 1954) are discriminated from the pre-construction sediments (before 1954) based on depth variations in sediment texture and Cs-137 emissions. The concentrations of select trace elements of the post-1954 sediments all are statistically greater than the pre-1954 sediments, and these same sediments also are enriched in clay. Once these concentrations are normalized by clay content, all trace elements in the post-1954 sediments are lower in concentration than the pre-1954 normalized sediments. Moreover, the trace elements when normalized by clay or Al content show virtually no change vertically (over time) within the reservoir impoundment. This suggests that the sources of these sediment-associated trace elements within Grenada Lake, whether natural or anthropogenic, have not changed appreciably over the lifespan of the reservoir and that the degradation of sedimentologic and ecologic indices within the lake are due to the sequestration of clay or clay-sized materials. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 815 EP 825 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0296 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500020 PM 17485713 ER PT J AU Campbell, PKE Middleton, EM McMurtrey, JE Corp, LA Chappelle, EW AF Campbell, P. K. E. Middleton, E. M. McMurtrey, J. E. Corp, L. A. Chappelle, E. W. TI Assessment of vegetation stress using reflectance or fluorescence measurements SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UV-B RADIATION; IN-FIELD CORN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHLOROPHYLL-A; OZONE STRESS; NITROGEN; RESPONSES; LEAVES AB Current methods for large-scale vegetation monitoring rely on multispectral remote sensing, which has serious limitation for the detection of vegetation stress. To contribute to the establishment of a generalized spectral approach for vegetation stress detection, this study compares the ability of high-spectral-resolution reflectance (R) and fluorescence (F) foliar measurements to detect vegetation changes associated with common environmental factors affecting plant growth and productivity. To obtain a spectral dataset from a broad range of species and stress conditions, plant material from three experiments was examined, including (i) corn, nitrogen (N) deficiency/excess; (ii) soybean, elevated carbon dioxide, and ozone levels; and (iii) red maple, augmented ultraviolet irradiation. Fluorescence and R spectra (400-800 nm) were measured on the same foliar samples in conjunction with photosynthetic pigments, carbon, and N content. For separation of a wide range of treatment levels, hyperspectral (5-10 nm) R indices were superior compared with F or broadband R indices, with the derivative parameters providing optimal results. For the detection of changes in vegetation physiology, hyperspectral indices can provide a significant improvement over broadband indices. The relationship of treatment levels to R was linear, whereas that to F was curvilinear. Using reflectance measurements, it was not possible to identify the unstressed vegetation condition, which was accomplished in all three experiments using F indices. Large-scale monitoring of vegetation condition and the detection of vegetation stress could be improved by using hyperspectral R and F information, a possible strategy for future remote sensing missions. C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 20771 USA. LA Corp Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, PKE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 20771 USA. EM pcampbel@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/A-9649-2008; Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 60 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 832 EP 845 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0396 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500022 PM 17485715 ER PT J AU Franklin, D Truman, C Potter, T Bosch, D Strickland, T Bednarz, C AF Franklin, D. Truman, C. Potter, T. Bosch, D. Strickland, T. Bednarz, C. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from variable and constant intensity rainfall simulations on loamy sand under conventional and strip tillage systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER-QUALITY; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; SWINE MANURE; CORN; NUTRIENT; PIEDMONT AB Further studies on the quality of runoff from tillage and cropping systems in the southeastern USA are needed to refine current risk assessment tools for nutrient contamination. Our objective was to quantify and compare effects of constant (Ic) and variable (Iv) rainfall intensity patterns on inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult) cropped to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and managed under conventional (CT) or strip-till (ST) systems. We simulated rainfall at a constant intensity and a variable intensity pattern (57 mm h(-1)) and collected runoff continuously at 5-min intervals for 70 min. For cumulative runoff at 50 min, the Iv pattern lost significantly greater amounts (p < 0.05) of total Kjeldahl N (TKN) and P (TKP) (849 g N ha(-1) and 266 g P ha(-1) for Iv; 623 g N ha(-1) and 192 g P ha(-1) for Ic) than did the Ic pattern. However, at 70 min, no significant differences in total losses were evident for TKN or TKP from either rainfall intensity pattern. In contrast, total cumulative losses of dissolved reactive P (DRP) and NO3-N were greatest for ST-Ic, followed by ST-Iv, CT-Ic, and CT-Iv in diminishing order (69 g DRP ha(-1) and 361 g NO3-N ha(-1); 37 g DRP ha(-1) and 133 g NO3-N ha(-1); 3 g DRP ha(-1) and 58 g NO3-N ha(-1); 1 g DRP ha(-1) and 49 g NO3-N ha(-1)). Results indicate that constant-rate rainfall simulations may overestimate the amount of dissolved nutrients lost to the environment in overland flow from cropping systems in loamy sand soils. We also found that CT treatments lost significantly greater amounts of TKN and TKP than ST treatments and in contrast, ST treatments lost significantly greater amounts of DRP and NO3-N than CT treatments. These results indicate that ST systems may be losing more soluble fractions than CT systems, but only a fraction the total N (33%) and total P (11%) lost through overland flow from CT systems. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Franklin, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dfrankln@uga.edu OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 47 TC 16 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 846 EP 854 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0359 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500023 PM 17485716 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS Casey, FXM Hakk, H Larsen, GL AF Fan, Zhaosheng Casey, Francis X. M. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. TI Discerning and modeling the fate and transport of testosterone in undisturbed soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; STOCHASTIC RANKING; STEROID-HORMONES; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; PERSISTENCE; ESTROGENS; OPTIMIZATION; DEGRADATION AB Testosterone is an endocrine disruptor that is released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources. The objective of this study was to achieve a better understanding of the complex fate and transport of this labile compound in an undisturbed agricultural soil (a Hamar Sandy, mixed, frigid typic Endoaquolls). This was done by using batch and miscible-displacement experiments, and by using a chemical nonequilibrium transport model. Sorption and transformations of testosterone were discerned using various batch experiments. The batch experiments indicated that the aqueous phase concentrations of testosterone rapidly decreased from 12 to 15% of the initial aqueous concentration within 5 h, but then gradually increased through time and reached 28 to 29% of the initial aqueous concentration at 168 h. The increase in the aqueous concentration was explained by mineralization and biodegradation. Multiple first-order models were used to describe batch experiments where simultaneous degradation and sorption processes occurred. An evolutionary global optimization strategy was used to estimate the process parameters from these batch experiments and there was high confidence in these parameter estimates. The result of column experiments also showed that 23.4% of testosterone was mineralized to CO2 as it transported through the column. Combustion analyses of extracted soil from inside the columns showed that most of the 14(C) retained in the column (69-74%) was sorbed in the top 5 cm. The independently determined batch parameters were incorporated into a chemical nonequilibrium transport model, which provided an excellent description of the hormone in the effluent, and vertical redistribution in the soil column. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Metab Agr Chem Res, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 3 BP 864 EP 873 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0451 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167DF UT WOS:000246430500025 PM 17485718 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A AF Goel, Anubha McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba TI Determination of vapor pressure-temperature relationships of current-use pesticides and transformation products SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE vapor pressure; temperature; pesticides; transformation ID HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; GAS; ATMOSPHERE; AIR AB Sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures (P-L(0)) of current-use organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides (chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon, fipronil) and selected transformation products (chlorpyrifos oxon, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) were determined at multiple temperatures using the gas chromatography retention time technique. Results were utilized to determine vapor pressure-temperature relationships and to calculate enthalpies of vaporization (Delta H-vap). While results for chlorothalonil and diazinon were comparable with published values, the measured value for fipronil (1.82 x 10(-6) Pa) is almost an order of magnitude higher than the reported literature value (3.7 x 10(-7) Pa). The availability of vapor pressure temperature relationships for these chemicals will aid in pesticide risk assessment development and improve the effectiveness of mitigation and remediation efforts. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimero Ave,Bldg 007,Rm 225 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Laura.McConnell@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1080/03601230701309494 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173XN UT WOS:000246905900001 PM 17474012 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Sites, J AF Huang, Lihan Sites, Joseph TI Automatic control of a microwave heating process for in-package pasteurization of beef frankfurters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microwave; frankfurters; Listeria monocytogenes; PID control ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SAFETY AB A microwave heating system equipped with a proportional integral-differential (PID) control device was developed for in-package pasteurization of ready-to-eat meats. Frankfurters, inoculated and vacuum-sealed in plastic packages, were subjected to microwave or water immersion heating, with the package surface temperature increased to and maintained at 65, 75, or 85 degrees C, for different periods of time, ranging from 2 to 19 min in total heating time. During microwave heating, the surface temperature of frankfurter packages increased linearly with the heating time until it reached a set point. The concentration of Listeria monocytogenes decreased linearly with heating time. The observed rate of bacterial inactivation was 0.41, 0.65, and 0.94 log(CFU/pk)/min at the surface temperature of 65, 75, or 85 degrees C. When compared with water immersion heating at the same surface temperatures, the overall rate of bacterial inactivation was 30%-75% higher with microwave in-package pasteurization. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a PID-controlled microwave heating process for in-package pasteurization of frankfurters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.05.019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 119VY UT WOS:000243043600025 ER PT J AU Chao, K Chen, YR Ding, F Yang, CC Chan, DE AF Chao, K. Chen, Y. -R. Ding, F. Yang, C. -C. Chan, D. E. TI Development of two-band color-mixing technique for identification of broiler carcass conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CIELUV; food safety; poultry; spectroscopy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CHICKEN MEATS; POULTRY CARCASSES; WHOLESOME; REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA AB The development of accurate, rapid, and non-invasive inspection technologies are needed to help poultry processors meet food safety regulations and rising consumer demand while increasing productivity and economic competitiveness. This paper reports on a novel two narrow-band color-mixing technique for identification of broiler chicken carcass conditions. Spectra were collected for samples cut from the breast area of 103 wholesome chicken carcasses, 66 systemically diseased chicken carcasses, and 40 cadaver chicken carcasses using a photodiode array spectrophotometer system. Waveband pairs in the range of 416-715 nm were evaluated for identifying chicken conditions using the two-band color-mixing technique, and the pair of (453 nm, 589 nm) was selected based on color difference index calculations in CIELUV color space. Significant differences in the color characteristics of wholesome, systemically diseased, and cadaver chicken conditions, based on color-mixing using the two selected wavebands, were confirmed by one-way analysis of variance. Decision-tree classification models using the calculated color difference indexes were evaluated first by using the spectral data divided into a validation set and a testing set, and second by 10-fold cross-validation of the entire data set. Classification accuracies achieved for the wholesome, systemically diseased, and cadaver samples were 95.8%, 95.5%, and 100%, respectively, for the validation set; 94.6%, 100%, and 90.6%, respectively, for the testing set; and 98.1%, 97.5% and 93.9%, respectively, when using 10-fold cross-validation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ISL, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.05.024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 119VY UT WOS:000243043600031 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Effects of a minimal hide wash cabinet on the levels and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella on the hides of beef cattle at slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING PLANTS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; DECONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; CARCASSES; PCR AB Harborage of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. Given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. Previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of cost and space restrictions. In this study, a hide wash cabinet was evaluated to determine whether it was more amenable to widespread use in the beef processing industry, especially for small and medium-size plants. Overall, 101 (35.1%) of 288 beef cattle hides sampled before entry into the hide wash cabinet harbored E. coli O157:H7 at or above the limit of detection (40 CFU/100 cm(2)). After passage through the hide wash cabinet, only 38 (13.2%) of 288 hides had E. coli O157:H7 levels >= 40 CFU/100 cm(2). Before the hide wash cabinet, 50 (17%) of 288 hides harbored E. coli O157:H7 at levels above 100 CFU/100 cm(2), with one sample as high as 20,000 CFU/100 cm(2). In contrast, only 14 (5%) of 288 hides had E. coli O157:H7 levels above 100 CFU/100 cm(2) after hide washing, with the highest being 2,000 CFU/100 cm(2). These same trends also were found for Salmonella before and after hide washing. These results indicate that the hide wash cabinet described in this study was effective and should provide small and medium-size processing plants with an affordable hide wash intervention strategy. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1079 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 164OT UT WOS:000246244100003 PM 17536663 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. TI Inhibition of Shigella sonnei by ultraviolet energy on agar, liquid media and radish sprouts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BACTERIAL-SPORES; IRRADIATION; INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA AB The germicidal effect o f ultraviolet light (UVC) at 254 nm is used to decontaminate surfaces. Using the combined lights from 185- and 254-nm sources, the reduction of Shigella sonnei was determined on inoculated agars and radish sprouts, and in distilled water and vegetable broth. The combined UVC light was very effective in reducing the number of S. sonnei on inoculated agar surfaces at a dose of 2,040 mu W center dot s center dot cm(-2), resulting in a > 8 log reduction. The reduction in the liquid samples reached > 5 log reduction at 3,400 mu W center dot s center dot cm(-2). As a result of the unevenness of the radish sprout, a 2-3 log reduction was achieved only when combined with a H2O2 wash treatment. The combined light sources were effective in killing the S. sonnei on agar and in clear liquids. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 53 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00075.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 160ZP UT WOS:000245984400011 ER PT J AU Kadan, RS Phillippy, BQ AF Kadan, R. S. Phillippy, B. Q. TI Effects of yeast and bran on phytate degradation and minerals in rice bread SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bran; bread; minerals; phytate; rice ID WHOLE-WHEAT BREAD; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; BROWN RICE; OAT-BRAN; BREADMAKING; ABSORPTION; REDUCTION; ZINC; BIOAVAILABILITY; HUMANS AB Rice bread is a potential alternative to wheat bread for gluten-sensitive individuals. Incorporation of rice bran into bread made from white rice flour adds flavor but also phytic acid, which can reduce the bioavailability of minerals. Breads with varied amounts of defatted bran and yeast were prepared to determine their effects on the phytate and mineral contents of the bread. A completely randomized factorial design was used with bran levels of 3.7%, 7.3%, and 10.5% of the dry ingredients and yeast levels of 1.6%, 3.2%, and 4.7%. Increasing the amount of bran decreased the phytate degradation from 42% at the lowest level of bran to 10% at the highest, and the amount of yeast had no significant effect. The bran contributed substantial amounts of magnesium, iron, and zinc. Breads with the lowest level of bran had phytate-to-zinc molar ratios between 5 and 10, which suggest medium zinc bioavailability. Rice bread is a tasty and nutritious food that is a good dietary source of minerals for people who cannot tolerate wheat bread. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Kadan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM rkadan@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP C208 EP C211 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00338.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 164QT UT WOS:000246249600006 PM 17995762 ER PT J AU Lee, S Inglett, GE AF Lee, S. Inglett, G. E. TI Effect of an oat beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid (C-trim30) on the rheology and oil uptake of frying batters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan; frying; hydrocolloid; oat; oil uptake; rheology ID FRIED CHICKEN NUGGETS; CARROT SLICES; FLOUR; QUALITY; FUNCTIONALITY; STARCH; FOODS AB C-trim30, a new beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid containing 32% beta-glucan, was obtained by steam jet-cooking and fractionating oat bran concentrates. It was then incorporated into batter formulations to investigate the rheological effects of C-trim30, which were correlated with batter attributes. In steady shear measurements, the use of C-trim30 led to the increase in batter viscosity, while it did not show significant effects on the shear-thinning pattern of batters. Moreover, the increase in the dynamic viscoelastic properties was observed with more contribution to elastic properties because of the high water-holding properties of C-trim30. These rheological characteristics could be correlated with the adhesive properties of batters to a food matrix. In addition, C-trim30 was shown to produce a sample with increased batter pickup, less moisture loss, and reduced oil content. Even, the oil content was reduced by up to 40% when 4% C-trim30 was used in the batter formulations. The combined effects of elevated viscosity, great batter pickup, and reduced moisture loss by the use of C-trim30 contributed synergistically to the reduction of oil content in fried foods. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP E222 EP E226 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00326.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 164QT UT WOS:000246249600019 PM 17995775 ER PT J AU Liao, CH AF Liao, C.-H. TI Inhibition of foodborne pathogens by native microflora recovered from fresh peeled baby carrot and propagated in cultures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baby carrots; inhibition; native bacteria; pathogens ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ALFALFA SPROUTS; SALMONELLA; ATMOSPHERE; SURVIVAL; PRODUCE; ENDIVE; GROWTH AB The inhibitory effect of fresh peeled baby carrot and associated microflora on the viability and growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas marginalis was investigated. The population of viable L. monocytogenes was reduced by more than 2 logs following the dipping of sliced baby carrots in the bacterial suspension for 2 min. However, other pathogens subjected to the same treatment showed no reduction in the population. Surface sanitization of baby carrots reduced the number of native microflora and in turn increased the growth of each pathogen on this commodity by 2 to 3 logs. Filter-sterilized carrot homogenates exhibited no antimicrobial activity and were capable of supporting the growth of each pathogen to a density of over 2 x 10(9) CFU/mL. However, the growth of each pathogen in carrot homogenates containing microflora recovered from baby carrot and propagated in tryptic soy broth was reduced 2 to 3 logs after incubation at 28 degrees C for 2 d. On pepper disks, which have no antilisterial activity and very low levels of background microflora, the addition of carrot microflora also reduced the growth of each pathogen 2 to 4 logs after 2 d at 20 degrees C. The reduction was dependent upon the ratio between the number of carrot microflora and pathogen tested. The growth of L. monocytogenes or Y. enterocolitica on pepper disks containing carrot microflora was almost completely stopped after storage at 8 degrees C for 8 d. The inhibitory effect of baby carrots on pathogens is in part due to the antimicrobial activity of carrot tissue and in part due to the antagonistic action of associated microflora. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM chinghsing.liao@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP M134 EP M139 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00333.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 164QT UT WOS:000246249600025 PM 17995781 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC AF Beaulieu, John C. TI Effect of UV irradiation on cut cantaloupe: Terpenoids and esters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; Cucumis melo L; Naudin; cucurbitaceae; ester; flavor-aroma; GC-MS; phytoalexins; SPME; terpenoid; volatiles ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FRESH-CUT; CUCUMIS-MELO; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; MUSKMELON FRUIT; QUALITY CHANGES; BETA-IONONE; SHELF-LIFE; STORAGE; AROMA AB Recent studies demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) radiation enhanced terpenoids and decreased esters in thin-sliced cantaloupe. In preliminary studies treating fresh juices with UV, terpenoid compounds that normally were not isolated, or found in minute quantities, were elevated and only low molecular weight alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes decreased. Subsequently terpenoid induction/oxidation in UV-treated cut cantaloupe was reinvestigated. UV exposure increased the concentrations of terpenoids in cantaloupe tissue. However, UV exposure alone was not the sole factor responsible for enhanced terpenoids. UV-enhanced terpenoid production appears to be both cultivar- and maturity-dependent. Concomitant decreases in the ester content of UV-treated samples occurred using a previously published system. Yet, we established that almost identical ester losses occurred in thinly sliced laminar tissue receiving 60 min UV or air exposure in an open system. Tissue samples that were exposed to UV in a closed system often did not suffer correspondingly equal ester loss. Marked tissue warming (4.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C in 60 min) occurred during UV treatments in thin-sliced tissue. Ester loss from cantaloupe tissue was caused by the experimental procedure, but not by UV treatment per se. These findings are supported by the observation that UV is not responsible for chemical transformations to ester bonds, esterase, and lipase decrease in stored cut cantaloupe, and no lipid oxidation volatiles were observed in thin-sliced control tissue, while oxidized terpenoids were recovered. Information gathered indicates that improper cutting, handling, sanitation treatment, and storage can radically alter the desirable volatile aroma profile in cut cantaloupe, and potentially lead to decreased consumer acceptance. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP S272 EP S281 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00327.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 164QT UT WOS:000246249600033 PM 17995790 ER PT J AU Casale, J Lydon, J AF Casale, John Lydon, John TI Apparent effects of glyphosate on alkaloid production in coca plants grown in Colombia SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; glyphosate; cocaine; tropane alkaloids; coca leaf; mass spectrometry ID ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; E-NOVOGRANATENSE; SOUTH-AMERICAN; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; LEAVES AB During the routine analysis of coca leaf material from South America, alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu (ECVI) leaf samples from fields suspected of being treated with glyphosate were compared with those from non-treated E. coca var. ipadu and Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense (ENVN) plants. Cocaine levels in leaf tissue from non-treated ECVI and ENVN were 0.53 +/- 0.08% and 0.64 +/- 0.08% (w/w), respectively, whereas leaves from treated plants were nearly devoid of cocaine. Further analysis demonstrated the presence of several previously undescribed N-nortropane alkaloids, several of which were tentatively identified. The results suggest that applications of glyphosate to coca plants can have dramatic effects on the quantity and quality of alkaloids produced by surviving or subsequent leaves. The analytical data presented will be of value to forensic chemists who encounter illicit cocaine preparations containing alkaloids produced from coca plants treated with glyphosate. C1 US Dept Justice, Special Testing & Res Lab, Drug Enforcement Adm, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Casale, J (reprint author), US Dept Justice, Special Testing & Res Lab, Drug Enforcement Adm, 22624 Dulle Summit Court, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. EM john.f.casale@USDOJ.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00418.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 160LN UT WOS:000245942300009 PM 17456084 ER PT J AU Decanini, LI Collins, AM Evans, JD AF Decanini, Laura I. Collins, Anita M. Evans, Jay D. TI Variation and heritability in immune gene expression by diseased honeybees SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; INNATE IMMUNITY; SOCIAL INSECTS; RESISTANCE; POLYANDRY; DIVERSITY; PARASITES AB Social insects are frequent targets for pathogens and have consequently evolved diverse ways to minimize disease impacts, one of which is the innate immune response. Here, a 4-generation mating scheme was carried out to assess heritability and variation in a honeybee (Apis mellifera) immune trait, the production of the key antimicrobial peptide abaecin. Larval offspring from controlled crosses (n = 576 offspring from 36 singly inseminated queens) as well as offspring of field colonies (896 individuals in 53 colonies) were challenged individually with a widespread bee pathogen, the gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. After bacterial challenge, transcript levels for the gene encoding abaecin were quantified and then compared using known pedigrees and colony environments. Considerable variation among highly related siblings (r = 0.75) indicates that subtle allelic differences in immune pathway genes can have large effects on transcriptional profiles. Abaecin levels were moderately heritable (h(2) = similar to 0.3-0.4), reflecting high amounts of standing genetic variation, and suggesting that this and other immune traits are amenable to selective programs aimed at improving honeybee health. The results help efforts to determine the relative effectiveness of social versus individual defenses by social insects toward their pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm008 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 186YC UT WOS:000247813500001 PM 17404328 ER PT J AU Granevitze, Z Blum, S Cheng, H Vignal, A Morisson, M Ben-Ari, G David, L Feldman, MW Weigend, S Hillel, J AF Granevitze, Zur Blum, Shula Cheng, Hans Vignal, Alain Morisson, Mirfille Ben-Ari, Giora David, Lior Feldman, Marcus William Weigend, Steffen Hillel, Jossi TI Female-specific DNA sequences in the chicken genome SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID W CHROMOSOME; Y-CHROMOSOME; SEX; MULTIPLE; MARKERS; EMBRYOS; REGION; GENE AB Eight in silico W-specific sequences from the WASHUC1 chicken genome assembly gave female-specific PCR products using chicken DNA. Some of these fragments gave female-specific products with turkey and peacock DNA. Sequence analysis of these 8 fragments (3077 bp total) failed to detect any polymorphisms among 10 divergent chickens. In contrast, comparison of the DNA sequences of chicken with those of turkey and peacock revealed a nucleotide difference every 25 and 28 bp, respectively. Radiation hybrid mapping verified that these amplicons exist only on chromosome W. The homology of 6 W-specific fragments with chromo-helicase-DNA-binding gene and expressed sequenced tags from chicken and other species indicate that these fragments may have or have had a biological function. These fragments may be used for early sexing in commercial chicken and turkey flocks. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Anim Breeding, D-31535 Neustadt, Germany. RP Hillel, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM hillel@agri.huji.ac.il RI David, Lior/G-8754-2012 OI David, Lior/0000-0002-6555-0594 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm010 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 186YC UT WOS:000247813500006 PM 17395599 ER PT J AU Abdurakhmonov, IY Kushanov, FN Djaniqulov, F Buriev, ZT Pepper, AE Fayzieva, N Mavlonov, GT Saha, S Jenkins, JN Abdukarimov, A AF Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Y. Kushanov, Fakhriddin N. Djaniqulov, Fayzulla Buriev, Zabardast T. Pepper, Alan E. Fayzieva, Nilufar Mavlonov, Gafurjon T. Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Jonnif N. Abdukarimov, Abdusattor TI The role of induced mutation in conversion of photoperiod dependence in cotton SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; UPLAND COTTON; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FIBER QUALITY; LENGTH; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCE AB Wild cotton germplasm resources are largely underutilized. because of photoperiod-dependent flowering of "exotic" cottons. The objectives of this work were to explore the genome-wide effect of induced mutation in photoperiod-converted induced cotton mutants, estimating the genetic change between mutant and wild-type cottons using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as well as understand the pattern of SSR mutation in induced muragenesis. Three groups of photoperiod-converted radiomutants ((32)P) including their wild-type parental fines, A- and D-genome diploids, and typically grown cotton cultivars were screened with 250 cotton SSR primer pairs. Forty SSRs revealed the same SSR mutation profile in, at least, 2 independent mutant tines that were different from the original wild types. Induced muragenesis both increased and decreased the allele sizes of SSRs in mutants with the higher mutation rate in SSRs containing dinucleotide motifs. Genetic distance obtained based on 141 informative SSR alleles ranged from 0.09 to 0.60 in all studied cotton genotypes. Genetic distance within all photoperiod-converted induced mutants was in a 0.09-0.25 range. The genetic distance among photoperiod-converted mutants and their originals ranged from 0.28 to 0.50, revealing significant modification of mutants from their original wild types. Typical Gosgpium hirsutum cultivar, Namangan-77, revealed mutational pattern similar to induced radiomutants in 40 mutated SSR loci, implying possible pressure to these SSR loci not only in radiomutagenesis but also during common breeding process. Outcomes of the research should be useful in understanding the photoperiod-related mutations, and markers might help in mapping photoperiodic flowering genes in cotton. C1 Acad Sci Uzbek, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Reg, Uzbekistan. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Abdurakhmonov, IY (reprint author), Acad Sci Uzbek, Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Lab Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray Reg, Uzbekistan. EM ibrokhim_a@yahoo.com RI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015 OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686 NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm007 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 186YC UT WOS:000247813500009 PM 17406024 ER PT J AU Anandan, D Marmer, WN Dudley, RL AF Anandan, Dayanandan Marmer, William N. Dudley, Robert L. TI Isolation, characterization and optimization of culture parameters for production of an alkaline protease isolated from Aspergillus tamarii SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus tamarii; broth culture; enzymatic dehairing; alkaline protease; solid-state fermentation ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; ALKALOPHILIC-BACILLUS SP; SERINE PROTEINASE; PURIFICATION; FUMIGATUS; PHYTASE; ENZYMES; MICROORGANISMS AB Aspergillus tamarii expresses an extracellular alkaline protease that we show to be effective in removing hair from cattle hide. Large quantities of the enzyme will be required for the optimization of the enzymatic dehairing process so the growth conditions for maximum protease expression by A. tamarii were optimized for both solid-state culture on wheat bran and for broth culture. Optimal protease expression occurred, for both cultural media, at initial pH 9; the culture was incubated at 30 degrees C for 96 It using a 5% inoculum. The crude enzyme was isolated, purified and characterized using MALDI TOF TOF. The alkaline protease was homologous to the alkaline protease expressed by Aspergillus viridinutans. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM william.marmer@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0201-5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 165KF UT WOS:000246303700001 PM 17245587 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James Pahio, Elaine TI Condition-dependent mating success in male fruit flies: Ingestion of a pheromone precursor compensates for a low-quality diet SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Bactrocera dorsalis; methyl eugenol; mating behavior ID VARIABLE FIELD CRICKET; METHYL EUGENOL; BACTROCERA-DORSALIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA; UTETHEISA-ORNATRIX; GRYLLUS-CAMPESTRIS; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; ADULT NUTRITION AB Previous studies revealed that males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, require protein in the adult diet to obtain matings and that ingestion of methyl eugenol, which acts as a pheromone precursor, increases male attractiveness and mating competitiveness. The goal of this study was to investigate the interaction between diet quality and methyl eugenol consumption in affecting the mating frequency of B. dorsalis males. In one set of experiments, mature males were deprived of protein for 1, 3, or 7 days and were either given or denied access to methyl eugenol (ME). These males competed against control males (continuously protein-fed, no feeding on ME) for copulations in field cages. Without ME, males held without protein for 3 or 7 days obtained significantly fewer matings than control males. With ME, however, males held for even 7 days without protein achieved higher mating success than control males. In a second set of experiments, mature males were held without protein for 7 days and then given a protein-rich diet for 1, 3, or 7 days before testing and were either given or denied access to ME. Without ME, males were competitively inferior to control males when tested 1 or 3 days after resumption of protein feeding and equivalent to control males only after 7 days of protein feeding. With ME, however, males obtained significantly more matings than control males when tested 3 or 7 days after resumed protein feeding and had similar mating success as control males after 1 day of access to the protein-rich diet. Results show that mating success in this species is condition-dependent, with both nutritional state and ME consumption influencing male mating success. Under the test conditions, feeding on ME counteracted a low quality diet and enhanced male mating success. C1 USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 347 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s10905-007-9082-3 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 177MO UT WOS:000247157400003 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA Ueti, MW Noh, SM Knowles, DP Palmer, GH AF Scoles, Glen A. Ueti, Massaro W. Noh, Susan M. Knowles, Donald P. Palmer, Guy H. TI Conservation of transmission phenotype of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales : Anaplasmataceae) strains among dennacentor and Rhipicephalus ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE D. andersoni; Boophilus; tick-borne transmission; immunohistochemistry ID DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI ACARI; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; 1A; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION; ADHESION; DIPTERA; ISOLATE AB Before the eradication of Boophilus ticks from the United States, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale Theiler. In the absence of Boophilus ticks, A. marginale continues to be transmitted by Dermacentor ticks. However, a few U.S. strains are not transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), or both, raising the question of how these strains evolved and how they are maintained. We hypothesize that the U.S. non-Dermacentor-transmissible strains of A. marginale were formerly Boophilus-transmitted strains that have been maintained by a combination of persistent infection and mechanical transmission since the eradication of their biological vector from the United States. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to transmit a well-documented non-Dermacentor-transmissible A. marginale strain (Florida), by using D. andersoni and the two Boophilus species that formerly occurred in the United States. For comparison, we examined tick-borne transmission of a strain of A. marginale (Puerto Rico), which has previously been shown to be transmissible by both D. andersoni and B. microplus. All three species of tick transmitted the Puerto Rico strain, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis confirmed the presence of A. marginale colonies in their salivary glands. All three tick species failed to transmit the Florida strain. Although both D. andersoni and B. microplus acquired transient midgut and salivary gland infections after acquisition feeding, we were unable to detect colonies of the Florida strain in the salivary glands with IHC. This demonstrates that the transmission phenotype of A. marginale strains is conserved among tick species, and it suggests that the failure of the Florida strain to be transmitted by ticks is related to a general inability to efficiently invade or replicate in tick cells, rather than to a failure to invade or replicate in cells of a specific tick species. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K0-8AI052412, T32 AI007025] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 484 EP 491 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[484:COTPOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 165TL UT WOS:000246328500013 PM 17547235 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Bono, JL Keen, JE AF Durso, Lisa M. Bono, James L. Keen, James E. TI Molecular serotyping of Escherichia coli O111 : H8 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE E. coli; E. coli O111 : H8; O111 : H8; serotyping; molecular serotyping ID SHIGA-TOXIN; VIRULENCE GENES; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; CATTLE; KOREA; O157; BEEF; O26 AB Accurate Escherichia coli serotyping is critical for pathogen diagnosis and surveillance of non-O157 Shiga-toxigenic strains, however few laboratories have this capacity. The molecular serotyping protocol described in this paper targets the somatic and flagellar antigens of E. coli O111:H8 used in traditional serotyping, and can be performed routinely in the laboratory. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Durso, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM lisa.durso@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 2 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.01.016 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 165EX UT WOS:000246287900021 PM 17367884 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR AF McLaughlin, M. R. TI Simple colorimetric rnicroplate test of phage lysis in Salmonella enterica SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; tetrazolium; plaque assay ID BACTERIOPHAGES; THERAPY; FOOD AB A simple microplate method, based on conversion of tetrazolium to formazan, was devised for rapidly assessing Salmonella survival after phage treatment. Results were easily interpretable. Monitoring with a microplate reader was useful, but not required. The method was used in defining phage-Salmonella interactions for selection of phage biocontrol cocktails. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 2 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.01.006 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 165EX UT WOS:000246287900025 PM 17316851 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Kim, JH Campbell, BC Chou, SC AF Beck, John J. Kim, Jong H. Campbell, Bruce C. Chou, Shen-Chieh TI Fungicidal activities of dihydroferulic acid alkyl ester analogues SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONSTITUENTS; IDENTIFICATION; PARALLEL; GINGER AB The natural product dihydroferulic acid (DFA, 1) and the synthesized DFA methyl (4a), ethyl (4b), propyl (4c), hexyl (4d), octyl (4e), and decyl (4f) esters were examined for antifungal activity. Test fungi included Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild type, and deletion mutants slt2 Delta and bck1 Delta), Aspergillus fumigatus, and A. flavus. Growth inhibition of S. cerevisiae treated with 5 mM DFA or the corresponding esters was 4a, 4b, and 4c > 98%; 4d 18.8%; 1 6.4%; 4e 6.2%; and 4f 2.8%, relative to the control. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations for the more active propyl, methyl, and ethyl esters were 1.5, 2.1, and 4.0 mM, respectively. Compound 4c inhibited 100% growth of both aspergilli at 6.4 mM. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jbeck@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 70 IS 5 BP 779 EP 782 DI 10.1021/np0606345 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 171VU UT WOS:000246764300011 PM 17469871 ER PT J AU Beck, JJ Chou, SC AF Beck, John J. Chou, Shen-Chieh TI The structural diversity of phthalides from the Apiaceae SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION; CNIDIUM-OFFICINALE MAKINO; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; APIUM-GRAVEOLENS L; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; LIGUSTICUM-WALLICHII FRANCH; RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS; CHINESE HERBAL DECOCTION; CELERY ESSENTIAL OIL AB Phthalides, and their corresponding dihydro and tetrahydro analogues, are components of several genera of the plant family Apiaceae. These taxa have been reported as exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities against experimental models of several illnesses and physiological conditions, including microbial and viral infections, stroke, tuberculosis, and vasoconstriction. Many of these genera are purported to possess medicinal values, and of these several are considered to be traditional herbal medicines. This review provides an overview of the methods of investigation, the structural diversity, and the bioactivity of phthalides, dihydrophthalides, tetrahydrophthalides, and dimers from plants in the Apiaceae. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Beck, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jbeck@pw.usda.gov NR 175 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 70 IS 5 BP 891 EP 900 DI 10.1021/np0605586 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 171VU UT WOS:000246764300037 PM 17477571 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Ross, SA AF Uthus, Eric O. Ross, Sharon A. TI Dietary selenium affects homocysteine metabolism differently in Fisher-344 rats and CD-1 mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; YEAST-BASED DIET; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; PLASMA GLUTATHIONE; DNA METHYLATION; DEFICIENCY; METHIONINE; CYSTEINE; TISSUES; FOLATE AB In our previous work with rats, plasma and tissue homocysteine concentrations were decreased by selenium deprivation. The purpose of this study was to follow up and expand on that work by determining the effects of selenium status (deficient, adequate, and supranutritional) on several aspects of homocysteine metabolism involving methionine recycling and transsulfuration. A 2nd objective was to determine whether there are differences in how selenium status affects homocysteine metabolism in rats and mice. Male weanling Fischer-344 rats and male weaning CD-1 mice were fed diets containing 0, 0.2, or 2.0 mu g selenium (as sodium selenite)/g for 72 d or 60 d, respectively. Plasma homocysteine and cysteine were significantly decreased by feeding rats or mice the selenium-deficient diet compared with feeding adequate or supranutritional selenium. On the other hand, plasma glutathione was increased by selenium deficiency only in rats. Also, the specific activities of liver betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and glycine N-methyltransferase were decreased by selenium deficiency in rats, but were unaffected by selenium status in mice. Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. The expression of Gclc, the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, was upregulated by selenium deprivation in both rat and mouse liver. Gclm, the modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, was downregulated in rats fed 2 mu g Se/g compared with rats fed adequate or deficient selenium. Based on these findings, it is evident that selenium deficiency has different outcomes in mice and rats. These variables are all related to methionine/methyl metabolism. Although only one strain of rat was compared with one strain of mouse, this work suggests that differences between species may prove vital in determining which animal model is used in studies of selenium deficiency or in studies that are designed to ascertain chemopreventive mechanisms of selenium. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NCI, NIH, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM euthus@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1136 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 159QZ UT WOS:000245882600002 PM 17449570 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Stephensen, CB AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Stephensen, Charles B. TI Diets rich in polyphenols and vitamin A inhibit the development of type I autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; INSULIN-SECRETION; RAT ISLETS; CYTOKINES; ANTIOXIDANT; DEATH; EXPRESSION; MELLITUS AB Type I juvenile diabetes mellitus is characterized by the infiltration of activated T lymphocytes and monocytes into the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, resulting in inflammation and progressive destruction of the insulin-producingB cells. We hypothesized that feeding nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice diets rich in polyphenols or vitamin A, both known modulators of immune function, would decrease the autoimmune inflammatory process associated with type I diabetes. NOD mice were fed a control diet (C) and diets containing either 1% freeze-dried grape powder (GP) or 250 IU vitamin A/g (VA; 0.262 mu mol retinyl acetate/g) of food. Mice were considered diabetic and killed when blood glucose reached 13.9 mmol/L or greater. By similar to 7 mo of age, 71% of C mice progressed to diabetes. Incidence of diabetes was reduced to 33% (P < 0.05) and 25% (P < 0.05) in mice receiving 1% dietary grape powder and VA, respectively. Splenocytes from mice receiving both GP and VA had lower TNF-alpha production after LPS stimulation than C mice (P < 0.05). Histological analysis of pancreatic tissue showed a significant reduction in the severity of insulitis in the mice receiving GP and VA compared with C mice. These data suggest that diets rich in polyphenols or vitamin A have protective effects against autoimmune inflammatory attack of the islet beta cells and have the potential to reduce the onset and pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM szunino@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI50863] NR 43 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1221 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 159QZ UT WOS:000245882600016 PM 17449584 ER PT J AU Jones, KM Ramirez-Zea, M Zuleta, C Allen, LH AF Jones, Katharine M. Ramirez-Zea, Manuel Zuleta, Clara Allen, Lindsay H. TI Prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in twelve-month-old Guatemalan infants is predicted by maternal B-12 deficiency and infant diet SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; MONTHS POSTPARTUM; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; BREAST-MILK; FOLIC-ACID; WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; MOTHERS AB Approximately one-third of low-income women and children studied in Guatemala are reported to have deficient (< 148 pmol/L) or marginal (148-220 pmol/L) plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations. Because vitamin B-12 deficiency can adversely affect infant development and cognitive function, the present study examined predictors of deficient plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations at the age of 12 me. Analyses were performed on baseline data from a randomized clinical trial in 304 Guatemalan infants, 80% of whom were partially breast-fed, and their mothers. Exclusion criteria for infants included twins, severe stunting or moderate wasting, reported major health problems, severe developmental delay, hemoglobin < 95 g/L, maternal age < 17 y, and maternal pregnancy > 3 mo. Data collected included socio-economic status, infant anthropometry, vitamin B-12 intake from complementary foods, and breast-feeding frequency reported by mothers. A complete blood count and plasma vitamin B-12, folate, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were measured. Deficient or marginal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations were found in 49% of infants and 68% of mothers, The mean intake of maternal vitamin B-12 was 3.1 mu g/d, and infants consumed 2.2 mu g/d from complementary foods. In linear regression analysis, infant plasma B-12 concentration was strongly and positively associated with maternal plasma vitamin B-12 and B-12 intake from complementary foods (predominantly powdered cow's milk), and inversely associated with frequency of breast-feeding and larger household size (P < 0.0001). Vitamin B-12 supplementation of lactating women, food fortification, and education to improve infant's vitamin B-12 status are potential interventions that can improve the vitamin B-12 status of mothers and infants in this population. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhallen@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1313 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 159QZ UT WOS:000245882600029 PM 17449597 ER PT J AU Durham, S AF Durham, Sharon TI Website to help manage nitrogen on dairy farms SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Durham, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM sharon.durham@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 53A EP 53A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600030 ER PT J AU Qiu, Z Walter, MT Hall, C AF Qiu, Z. Walter, M. T. Hall, C. TI Managing variable source pollution in agricultural watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; precision conservation; targeting; variable source area hydrology; variable source pollution ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SOURCE AREA HYDROLOGY; PRECISION CONSERVATION; OVERLAND-FLOW; LONG-TERM; RUNOFF; SOIL; MODEL; SHALLOW; PHOSPHORUS AB Agricultural runoff is a major contaminant source threatening water quality in streams, lakes, and public drinking water reservoirs. Agricultural pollution control practices and programs are traditionally based on the assumption that overland flow is only generated when rainfall intensities exceed soil infiltration capacity. This paper challenges this assumption, noting that overland flow associated with agricultural pollutant transport is often physically consistent with the variable source area hydrology concept, for which overland flow is generated in parts of the landscape where the soil saturates to the surface. Incorporation of variable source area hydrology into watershed management practices reconceptualizes nonpoint source pollution as "variable source pollution," in which pollution control efforts can be focused on relatively small hydrologically sensitive areas recognizing that the extent of these areas will vary throughout the year. There are substantial technical, economic, social, and institutional barriers to implementing strategies for managing variable source pollution partially because of massive institutional inertia of existing agroenvironmental policies and programs and best management practices. Substantial research is needed to quantify the water quality risks associated with variable source pollution, expand the capacity to identify the critical management areas, and eliminate the institutional barriers for managing variable source pollution in agricultural watersheds. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, Clinton, NJ USA. RP Qiu, Z (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 95 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600038 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Gehring, R Gerken, J AF Shuster, W. D. Gehring, R. Gerken, J. TI Prospects for enhanced groundwater recharge via infiltration of urban storm water runoff: A case study SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE base flow; best management practices; ecosystem services; groundwater recharge; rain garden; runoff; storm water ID MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB The rain garden is an urban storm water best management practice that is used to infiltrate runoff close to its source, thereby disconnecting impervious area while providing an avenue for groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge may provide additional benefits to aquatic ecosystems via enhancement of stream base flow.Yet, soil conditions can impact on certain aspects of rain garden performance and its provision of ecosystem services. In the context of a watershed-level study to determine the effectiveness of decentralized storm water management, we performed an order 1 soil survey of the Shepherd Creek watershed (Cincinnati, Ohio) to delineate soils and identify and describe representative soil pedons, and then we assessed subsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) in each of the three dominant subsoils with qualitative estimation methods and directly with constant-head permeametry. We next simulated the effect of subsoil hydrology of a hypothetical implementation of a parcel-level rain garden on groundwater recharge in this watershed. Measured subsoil K-sat were overall very low with a mean of 0.01 cm hr(-1) (4 x 10(-3) in hr(-1)) for Eden soil and a mean of 0.2 cm hr(-1) (0.08 in hr(-1)) for both the fine-silty family and Switzerland soils. Compared with the measured values, qualitative measures overestimated K-sat and depth of recharge for Eden and fine-silty, and underestimated the same for Switzerland. Based on median parcel features and 2004 warm-season storm records, rain gardens in the fine-silty family and Switzerland subsoils would be expected to contribute about 6 cm (2.4 in) of recharge as compared to the 2 cm (0.8 in) expected in Eden soils. Our results also suggest the highest potential for abatement of storm water quantity abatement in Eden soils, with some partitioning of this water to recharge as an added benefit. Our approach and results form the basis for a comprehensive understanding of how storm water management decentralized at the watershed level may positively impact ecosystem services. C1 US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat, Columbus, OH USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Environm Branch, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 40 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600040 ER PT J AU Wren, DG Wells, RR Wilson, CG Cooper, CM Smith, S AF Wren, D. G. Wells, R. R. Wilson, C. G. Cooper, C. M. Smith, S., Jr. TI Sedimentation in three small erosion control reservoirs in northern Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE core sampling; pesticide; reservoir sedimentation; watershed ID LAKE; OKLAHOMA AB The water storage capacity and dam integrity of thousands of flood control reservoirs built since 1950 may be compromised by excessive stored sediments. The fate of these structures depends on the amount and characteristics of accumulated material. To aid in understanding the scope of impairment of small reservoirs in the hill lands of northern Mississippi, physical sediment characteristics and reservoir storage capacity were evaluated in three small reservoirs (< 8 ha [< 20 acres]) built in the early 1960s as part of the Yazoo-Little Tallahatchie erosion control project. A vibrating corer was used to collect continuous cores of deposited sediment and preimpoundment soil. Bulk density, grain size, and activity of Cs-137 were used to identify the boundary between preimpoundment soil and postimpoundment sediment. Mean local sediment accumulation rates ranged from 5.6 to 7.9 mm yr(-1) (0.22 to 0.31 in yr(-1)) with reductions in storage capacity of 7% to 18% since construction. Selected cores were tested for pre-1972 residual pesticides and more recently used pesticides. Results suggest that some currently used pesticides are being transported by prevailing winds from the heavily fanned Mississippi Delta area. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. Univ Iowa, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wren, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600041 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Truman, CC Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Franklin, DH AF Sullivan, D. G. Truman, C. C. Schomberg, H. H. Endale, D. M. Franklin, D. H. TI Potential impact of conservation tillage on conserving water resources in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; geographical information systems; sustainable water use ID COASTAL-PLAIN; RAINFALL; SOIL; SAPROLITE; PROPERTY; RUNOFF AB Reduced tillage and surface residue increases infiltration, soil water content, and plant available water, while at the same time decreasing runoff and sedimentation. However, there is a general lack of knowledge and appreciation regarding the impact conservation tillage has on sustainable water resources. The objective of this study was to estimate water savings as a result of conservation tillage adoption in Georgia. Total acreages by crop (cotton, corn, and peanut) and tillage (conventional and conservation) were obtained via the Conservation Technology Information Center for the 2004 growing season. Rainfall simulation studies conducted over row-cropped lands in conventional and conservation tillage were obtained for sods in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographies. Data were integrated within a geographical information system. In 2004, cotton, corn, and peanuts represented 85% of row crop production in Georgia, with nearly 90% of the acreage in the Coastal Plain. Conservation tillage systems are currently in place on approximately 30% of those acreages, primarily in the form of strip tillage. Results from rainfall simulation studies indicate that conservation tillage can reduce runoff and increase infiltration in these systems by 29% to 46%. Extrapolating these results to the state, conservation tillage reduced estimated statewide, irrigated water requirements from 4% to 14%. Increasing conservation tillage to 40% in intensively row-cropped counties where conservation tillage adoption rates were less than the national average (40%) increased estimated water savings by an additional 1% to 6%. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600042 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Bjorneberg, DL Trout, TJ Strelkoff, TS Nearing, MA AF Sojka, R. E. Bjorneberg, D. L. Trout, T. J. Strelkoff, T. S. Nearing, M. A. TI The importance and challenge of modeling irrigation-induced erosion SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE infiltration; runoff; RUSLE; SISL; SRFR; USLE; water quality; WEPP ID EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM PERCENTAGE; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CAPACITY; SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SILT LOAM SOIL; FURROW IRRIGATION; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; WATER-CONTENT; CLAY DISPERSION; RILL EROSION; AGGREGATE STABILITY AB Irrigation-induced erosion and rain-induced erosion result from very different systematics. Therefore, both cannot be predicted effectively using the same models. The average two-fold yield and three-fold economic advantage of irrigation over rain-fed agriculture, coupled with the fragility of irrigated land and the strategic importance of irrigation development to meet world agricultural production needs, has raised the urgency for the development of robust, accurate, and precise irrigation-induced erosion models. This paper details the rationale for separate irrigation-induced erosion models, presents essential aspects unique to irrigation that must be accounted for in the models, and summarizes the progress (to date) toward the goal of irrigation-induced erosion model development. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 103 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600043 ER PT J AU Van Liew, MW Green, CH Starks, PJ AF Van Liew, M. W. Green, C. H. Starks, P. J. TI Unit source area data: Can it make a difference in calibrating the hydrologic response for watershed-scale modeling? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE calibration; hydrology; modeling; simulation; SWAT ID SWAT AB Watershed computer models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) contain parameters that describe watershed properties such as vegetative cover, soil characteristics, or landscape features. For investigations that involve changes in land cover or land management on agricultural lands, proper adjustment of these parameters is important not only for runoff estimation, but also for the simulation of sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants. However, these parameters may only be known for a few small, homogeneous areas, and the usefulness of such parameters in calibrating the runoff response for a watershed scale model such as SWAT is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine if model parameters that govern the surface runoff response in SWAT that were calibrated from rain-fed unit source area watersheds could be scaled up to provide accurate runoff simulations at a watershed scale. Model testing was conducted on four unit source area watersheds that consisted of homogeneous Bermuda grass, pasture, and winter wheat land cover types and three larger subwatersheds of the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. Data from the unit source area watersheds were used to calibrate parameters in SWAT that govern only the surface runoff output from the model. These parameter values were extended to the larger, 160 km(2) (61.9 mi(2)) subwatershed 526, and model simulations were then evaluated by examining both the surface runoff and total water yield response of the model. Simulation results from the unit source area watersheds suggest that the soil evaporation compensation factor (ESCO) in SWAT not only reflects soil field conditions for which it was intended to describe, but the impact of land management conditions on surface runoff response as well. Findings from this research indicate that if a value of ESCO that was calibrated from the unit source area watershed data for winter wheat was applied at the watershed scale, it would lead to model simulations that give a surface runoff to total runoff fraction that is more than 15% too high. Due to uncertainties in relating ESCO to soil and land management properties, results of this study suggest that runoff data from unit source area watersheds may be best suited for calibrating infiltration functions or verifying values of the runoff curve number for watershed simulations. C1 Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Van Liew, MW (reprint author), Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 181RA UT WOS:000247452600044 ER PT J AU Zizza, CA Tayie, FA Lino, M AF Zizza, Claire A. Tayie, Francis A. Lino, Mark TI Benefits of snacking in older Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ELDERLY POPULATION; BODY-WEIGHT STATUS; FOOD-INTAKE; NHANES-I; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; EATING FREQUENCY; NUTRITIONAL RISK; DIETARY-INTAKE; MASS INDEX; ADULTS AB Objective Because energy intakes decline with age, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of snacking on energy intakes and energy density in older adults. Design Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 19992002 were used to compare the diets of snackers and nonsnackers. Subjects This study included 2,002 adults aged 65 years and older. Statistical analysis performed All statistical analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Linear regression was used to estimate energy and energy-yielding nutrient intakes, eating occasions, energy intake per eating occasions, and energy density of eating occasions. Results The prevalence of snacking was high (84%) among this age group, and snackers had significantly higher daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and total fat. Alcohol intakes were not significantly different. For those who snacked, it contributed almost a quarter of their energy and carbohydrate intakes and a fifth of their daily fat intakes. Snacking contributed 14% of their daily protein intakes. Snackers had, on average, two and a half snacking occasions per day, with each snacking occasion contributing 150 kcal. The average energy contribution of meals was not different between snackers and nonsnackers. The energy density of meals is significantly greater for snackers than for nonsnackers. Conclusions Results from this study demonstrate that snacking is an important dietary behavior among older adults. Whereas snacking may promote energy imbalance resulting in obesity among other age groups, our results suggest snacking may ensure older adults consume diets adequate in energy. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Zizza, CA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 260 Lem Morrison Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Claire_Zizza@auburn.edu NR 62 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 107 IS 5 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.002 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 165UD UT WOS:000246330400021 PM 17467375 ER PT J AU Kolomaznik, K Bailey, DG Taylor, MM AF Kolomaznik, K. Bailey, D. G. Taylor, M. M. TI Deliming of un-bonded and bonded lime from white hide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the ALCA CY JUN 21-25, 2006 CL Milwaukee, WI SP ALCA AB The optimization of the white hide deliming operation was studied. Generally, white hide contains both non-bonded and various amounts of strongly bonded lime. Initially, the processing costs of the deliming of non-bonded lime are relatively low. However, at a certain stage of the deliming process the processing costs begin to increase rapidly because of the strength of the lime bound to collagen, and at this point it is suitable to interrupt the washing with pure water and replace it with a deliming agent. Our paper, with the use of a mathematical-physical process model, offers a solution as to when the interruption should be done. Experimental determinations of sorption isotherm, as well as the effective diffusion coefficients are presented. The above mentioned parameters, economical and technological, serve as input data for a computer program. C1 Tomas Bata Univ, Zlin, Czech Republic. Bailey Consulting, Warminister, PA USA. USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Kolomaznik, K (reprint author), Tomas Bata Univ, Zlin, Czech Republic. EM kolomaznik@ft.utb.cz NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 5 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165GB UT WOS:000246291000003 ER PT J AU Ding, K Taylor, MM Brown, EM AF Ding, K. Taylor, M. M. Brown, E. M. TI Genipin aluminum or -vegetable tannin combinations on hide powder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; PLANT POLYPHENOLS; THERMAL-STABILITY; TANNAGE; MECHANISM; GELATIN; COLLAGEN; STANDARDIZATION; LEATHER AB Genipin, a naturally occurring protein crosslinking agent, isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasmindides Ellis, is beginning to replace glutaraldehyde as a fixative for biological tissues. Earlier research in this laboratory demonstrated that the apparent shrinkage temperature of hide powder could be increased from 60 degrees C to 79 degrees C by treating the powdered hide with 5% gempin at pH - 7 and 35 degrees C for 24 hr, a significant improvement, but not enough for most leather uses. Typical tannages proposed to reduce the use of chromium are combinations of vegetable tannins or aldehydes with each other or with minerals. In this study, the tanning effect on bovine hide powder of genipin in combination with aluminum or vegetable tannins has been investigated. In terms of thermal stability, vegetable tannins in combinations with genipin appear to offer little advantage over either component alone, suggesting little if any synergy. Likewise, aluminum tanning over a genipin pretannage appears to provide little advantage. However, when hide powder was first tanned with 8% aluminum and then retanned with genipm the thermal stability increased linearly with increasing concentrations of genipin (2% to 10%). The apparent shrinkage temperature was > 100 degrees C for aluminum post-tanned with 8%-10% genipin, suggesting the possibility that a practical combination tannage based on genipin could be designed. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. SW Univ Natl, Coll Chem & Environm Protect Engn, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ellie.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 102 IS 5 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165GB UT WOS:000246291000004 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO List, GR AF Adlof, R. O. List, G. R. TI Synthesis and physical properties of EOE and EEO, triacylglycerols containing elaidic and oleic fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE triacylglycerols; Delta H; melting; synthesis; oleic; elaidic ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; STRUCTURED LIPIDS; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; POSITIONAL ISOMERS; METHYL-ESTERS; SEPARATION; OIL AB Symmetrical and non-symmetrical triacylglycerols (TAG) containing oleic (O; 9c-18:1) and elaidic (E; 9t-18:1) acids were required as part of a study relating the physical characteristics and functionality of trans-containing TAG with the mouth feel, taste characteristics and related characteristics desired by consumers in frying oils and pastries. To replace the trans isomers in frying oils-a significant part of frying oils prepared by partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils-without loss of the sensory properties desired by consumers, required the initiation of a study relating the structure of trans-containing TAG with such characteristics as melting range, drop points, and other crystalline properties. Elaidic acid was esterified to trielaidin (EEE), and the EEE partially converted (glycerol/p-toluenesulfonic acid) to a mixture containing ca. 40% DAG (the 1,3- and 1,2-isomers). The DAG fraction was separated by silica gel chromatography, the 1,3-dielaidylglycerol (1,3EE-DAG) isomer isolated (structural purity >99%) by crystallization from acetone and esterified with oleic acid (O) to yield EOE. The 1(3)O-MAG was purchased commercially and esterified with E acid to prepare OEE. Both syntheses yielded multi-gram quantities of EOE and EEO, in 80-85% yields, and with structural purities >99%. Thus, by careful selection of the thermodynamically more-stable MAG or DAG precursors, the symmetrical EOE and non-symmetrical EEO isomers could be readily synthesized, and their drop point and melting point values determined. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Adlof@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1056-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400004 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Skender, AL Deppe, AB Isbell, TA AF Cermak, Steven C. Skender, Alex L. Deppe, Amy B. Isbell, Terry A. TI Synthesis and physical properties of tallow-oleic estolide 2-ethylhexyl esters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud point; estolides; evaporative loss; oleic; pour point; RPVOT; tallow; viscosity ID ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION AB Tallow-oleic estolide 2-ethylhexyl (2-EH) esters were synthesized in a perchloric acid catalyzed one-pot process from industrial 90% oleic and tallow fatty acids at various ratios, while varying the ratio of tallow and oleic fatty acids, with the esterification process incorporated into an in situ second step to provide a functional fluid. Their viscosities ranged 57-80 cSt at 40 degrees C and 10.8-14.0 cSt at 100 degrees C with viscosity index (VI) 169-185. The 100% tallow estolide 2-EH ester had modest low-temperature properties (pour point = -15 degrees C and cloud point = -14 degrees C), while the 50:50 mixture of oleic and tallow fatty acids produced an estolide that had better low-temperature properties (pour point = -21 degrees C and cloud point = -21 degrees C) without a large negative effect on the oxidative stability. The oxidative stability increased as the amount of saturation increased (rotating pressurized vessel oxidation test (RPVOT) x 165-274 min). The tallow-oleic estolide 2-EH esters have shown remarkably low evaporative losses of only 1% loss compared to a 15-17% loss for commercial materials of similar viscosity grade. Along with expected good biodegradability, these tallow-oleic estolide 2-EH esters had acceptable properties that should provide a specialty niche. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cermaksc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1052-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400007 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, James A. TI Functionalization of oleyl carbonate by epoxidation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE oleyl carbonate; dialkyl carbonate; epoxidation; hydrogen peroxide; performic acid; nuclear magnetic resonance; mass spectrometry ID LONG-CHAIN; ALCOHOLS AB Carbonates (esters of carbonic acid H2CO3) are a class of compounds that are of increasing interest in commercial applications due to their physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. Herein, oleyl carbonate, an oleochemical-based compound derived from oleyl alcohol, was epoxidized utilizing performic acid generated in situ from formic acid and 50% H2O2. The reaction proceeded smoothly and furnished the corresponding oleyl carbonate bisepoxide, (bis[8-(3-octyloxiran-2-yl)octyl] carbonate), in good yields (83-85% isolated yields after purification by silica gel chromatography). The carbonate moiety was found stable to the reaction conditions utilized for epoxidation and the isolated oleyl carbonate bisepoxide was subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Oleyl carbonate bisepoxide compound may be of potential interest as a plasticizer, monomer, or a substance for further chemical elaboration. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jim.kenar@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1058-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400008 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Polyhydroxy fatty acids derived from sophorolipids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biorenewables; fatty alcohols; hydroxy fatty acids; sophorolipids ID ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; METATHESIS; ALCOHOLS AB Starting from 17-hydroxyoleic acid, which is readily available from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, several new polyhydroxy fatty acids have been synthesized. These compounds contain from 2 to 4 hydroxy groups, in some instances combined with other functional groups. The added hydroxy groups can be incorporated in the C-18 chain in a variety of geometries, for example spaced widely throughout the chain at C1, C8, and C17. This regiochemical control will be of use in structure/function studies involving materials constructed from these hydroxy fatty acids. A further benefit is that the hydroxy groups can be present in protected or free states. The principal reactions used to introduce extra hydroxy groups are selenium oxide-mediated allylic hydroxylation, osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation, and borohydride reduction of a carboxylic ester. These new compounds are expected to be of use in a number of areas, but particularly as building blocks for polymers or components of lubricant formulations. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1054-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400009 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Cooke, PH Kurantz, MJ McAloon, A Parris, N Moreau, RA AF Dickey, L. C. Cooke, P. H. Kurantz, M. J. McAloon, A. Parris, N. Moreau, R. A. TI Using microwave heating and microscopy to estimate optimal corn germ oil yield with a bench-scale press SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE corn germ; microwave heating; oil-seed pressing; dry grind modifications ID EXTRACTION; ETHANOL AB The increase in ethanol production from corn has prompted development of processes to separate corn germ. The corn germ co-product would be a source of corn oil if a practical oil separation process were also developed. We carried out bench-scale corn-germ-pressing experiments to determine the maximum potential oil recovery which were then used to estimate commercial germ crushing costs. Corn germ was preheated in a microwave oven and oil was then extracted with a bench-scale press. Preheating the germ was necessary to obtain good oil yields. The uniform heating of the microwave oven more closely resembles compressive heating of commercial scale presses than does oven heating. Three different microscopic techniques were used to examine the effects of microwave and conventional-oven heating on corn germ. Microscopy revealed that microwave heating heated oil in the germ more quickly than the other components of the germ. Heating by both methods destroyed lipid body membranes and oil coalesced and pooled. Less oil could be pressed from germ initially containing 3-6% moisture than germ containing 15-20% moisture. Maximum oil recovery of about 65% was obtained for all germs tested when the optimum press temperature and germ feed moisture were used. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ldickey@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1051-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400012 ER PT J AU List, GR Warner, K Pintauro, P Gil, M AF List, G. R. Warner, K. Pintauro, P. Gil, M. TI Low-trans shortening and spread fats produced by electrochemical hydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE soybean oil; electrochemical hydrogenation; transFat; shortening fats; labeling requirements ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE REACTOR; EDIBLE OILS; SOYBEAN OIL AB Partially hydrogenated soybean oils (90-110 IV) were prepared by electrochemical hydrogenation at a palladium/cobalt or palladium/iron cathode, moderate temperature (70-90 degrees C) and atmospheric pressure. The trans fatty acid (TFA) contents of 90-110 IV products ranged from 6.4 to13.8% and the amounts of stearic acid ranged from 8.8 to 15.4% (the higher stearic acid contents indicated that some reaction selectivity had been lost). The solid fat values and melting point data indicated that electrochemical hydrogenation provides a route to low-trans spreads and baking shortenings. Shortenings produced by conventional hydrogenation contain 12-25% trans fatty acids and up to 37% saturates, whereas shortening fats produced electrochemically had reduced TFA and saturate content. Electrochemical hydrogenation is also a promising route to low-trans spread and liquid margarine oils. Compared to commercial margarine/spread oils containing 8-12% TFA, the use of electrochemical hydrogenation results in about 4% TFA. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP List, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ListGR@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1063-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166UZ UT WOS:000246407400013 ER PT J AU Vizzotto, M Cisneros-Zevallos, L Byrne, DH Ramming, DW Okie, WR AF Vizzotto, Marcia Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis Byrne, David H. Ramming, David W. Okie, W. R. TI Large variation found in the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of peach and plum germplasm SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; carotenoids; phenolics; health; Prunus persica; Prunus salicina ID FLESHED SWEET-POTATO; ANDEAN PURPLE CORN; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTHOCYANINS; CAPACITY; FRUITS; CULTIVARS; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; POLYPHENOLICS AB Nineteen peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] genotypes and 45 plum (Prunus salicina Erhr. and hybrids) genotypes with different flesh and skin color were analyzed for their antioxidant content and activity. Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were higher in red-flesh than in light-colored flesh peaches. Carotenoid content was higher in yellow-flesh peaches than in light-colored ones. Red-flesh plums generally had higher anthocyanin and phenolic contents than the other plums but not necessarily greater antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content had the most consistent and highest correlation with antioxidant activity, indicating that it is more important in determining the antioxidant activity of peaches and plums than are the anthocyanin or carotenoid contents. In general, the wide range of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity found indicates that the genetic variability present can be used to develop cultivars with enhanced health benefits. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Byrne, DH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, HFSB 202, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-byrne@tamu.edu RI Vizzotto, Marcia/F-3910-2015 OI Vizzotto, Marcia/0000-0002-8071-4980 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 169OT UT WOS:000246602200008 ER PT J AU Reed, SM Rinehart, TA AF Reed, Sandra M. Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Simple sequence repeat marker analysis of genetic relationships within Hydrangea macrophylla SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SSR; breeding; molecular markers; bigleaf hydrangea; mountain hydrangea; H. serrata ID DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE AB Genetic diversity studies using 39 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were carried out with 114 taxa of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser., including 87 H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla cultivars and 20 members of H. macrophylla ssp. serrata (Thunb.) Makino. The SSR loci were highly variable among the taxa, producing a mean of 8.26 alleles per locus. Overall allelic richness was relatively high at 5.12 alleles per locus. H. macrophylla ssp. serrata contained nearly twice the allelic diversity of H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla. The majority of genetic diversity was found to reside within the subspecies, with only 12% of the total genetic diversity observed occurring between subspecies. Although the elevation of H. macrophylla ssp. serrata to species level has recently been recommended by several hydrangea authorities, these data support the subspecies designation. Four cultivars (Preziosa, Pink Beauty, Tokyo Delight, and Blue Deckle) appeared to be hybrids between the two subspecies. Genetic similarities were found among five remontant cultivars (Bailmer, Oak Hill, David Ramsey, Decatur Blue, and Penny Mac) and several nonremontant cultivars, including General Vicomtesse de Vibraye, Nikko Blue, All Summer Beauty, and La France. No close genetic relationship was found between the remontant cultivar Early Sensation and other remontant cultivars. Genetic similarities were found among variegated and double-flower cultivars. Within H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla, cultivars with mophead inflorescences clustered separately from most lacecap cultivars. This indicates the cultivars with lacecap inflorescences that were among some of the earliest introductions to Europe were not widely used in the breeding of mophead forms. Some presumed synonyms were found to be valid ('Preziosa' and 'Pink Beauty', 'Rosalba' and 'Benigaku', 'Geoffrey Chadbund' and 'Mowe'), whereas others were not ('Harlequin' and 'Monrey', 'Nigra' and 'Mandschurica'). This study identified potentially unexploited sources of germplasm within H. macrophylla and relationships between existing cultivars of this popular shrub. This information should be of value when selecting parents for breeding programs. C1 Tennessee State Univ, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursey Plants Res Unit, Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursey Plants Res Unit, Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM Sandra.Reed@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 169OT UT WOS:000246602200009 ER PT J AU Bassett, MJ Miklas, PN AF Bassett, Mark J. Miklas, Phillip N. TI A new gene, bic, with pleiotropic effects (with T P V) for bicolor flowers and dark olive brown seed coat in common bean SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; P. coccineus; interspecific crosses; inheritance ID PATTERN; COLOR; ALLELE; LOCUS; STP; L. AB 'Painted Lady' (Phaseolus eoccineus L.) has bicolor flowers with vermilion banner petal and white wing petals. This flower color pattern is not known in common bean (P. vulgaris L.). The bicolor trait was backcrossed into common bean and its inheritance investigated, including allelism tests with other genes in common bean (T, P, and V) for flower color or pattern and brown seed coat. A pure line (line 33) with bicolor flower and dark olive brown seed coat was crossed to line 5-593 (no flower pattern and black seed coat). Data from the F-2 and F-3 progenies from that cross demonstrated that a single recessive gene controlled both the bicolor flower and dark olive brown seed coat by pleiotropic gene action. Allelism tests between the bicolor trait (line 179c) and standard genetic tester stocks involving the T, P, V, and Wb (white banner) genes for flower color or seed coat color demonstrated independence of bicolor from those genes and further supported the hypothesis of pleiotropic action on flower and seed coat. Also, the Wb gene was demonstrated to be independent of T and P. The gene symbol bic is proposed for the bicolor gene. C1 United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Hort Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 352 EP 356 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 169OT UT WOS:000246602200010 ER PT J AU Liu, ZR Scorza, R Hily, JM Scott, SW James, D AF Liu, Zongrang Scorza, Ralph Hily, Jean-Michel Scott, Simon W. James, Delano TI Engineering resistance to multiple Prunus fruit viruses through expression of chimeric hairpins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transgenics; gene silencing; dsRNA; siRNA ID PLUM-POX-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN GENES; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA PLANTS; PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; TOMATO RINGSPOT NEPOVIRUS; TRANSGENIC RUSSET BURBANK; YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; ANTISENSE RNA AB Prunus L. fruit production is seriously affected by several predominant viruses. The development of new cultivars resistant to these viruses is challenging but highly desired by breeders and growers. We report a posttranscriptional gene silencing-based approach for engineering multivirus resistance in plants. A single chimeric transgene, PTRAP6, was created by the fusion of 400 to 500-base pair (bp) gene fragments from six major Primus fruit viruses, including american plum line pattern virus, peach mosaic virus, plum pox virus (PPV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus necrotic ringspot virus, and tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV). Both strands of PTRAP6 were found being transcribed as an approximate to 2.5-kilobp transcript in planta without splicing interruption. To induce gene silencing/virus resistance, we placed two copies of PTRAP6 in an inverted. repeat under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and separated by an intron spacer fragment to create PTRAP6i. Inoculation of the resulting transgenic Nicotiana benthandana Domin. plants revealed that 12 of 28 R-0 PTRAP6i transgenic lines (43%) were resistant to ToRSV ranging from mild symptoms to symptom-free phenotypes. Detailed analysis of two of three highly resistant homozygous R-3 generation lines demonstrated that they were resistant to all three viruses tested, including PDV, PPV, and ToRSV. The remaining three viruses targeted by PTPAP6i were either unavailable for this study or were unable to systemically infect N. benthandana. Transgene-wide and -specific small interfering RNA species were detected along with disappearance of transgene transcript in the resistant lines, indicating that posttranscriptional gene silencing underlies the mechanism of resistance. This work presents evidence that PTRAP6i is able to confer gene silencing-based resistance to multiple Primus fruit viruses. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Sidney, BC V8L 1H3, Canada. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Zliu@afrs.ars.asda.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 169OT UT WOS:000246602200017 ER PT J AU Cheema, B Abas, H Smith, B O'Sullivan, A Chan, M Patwardhan, A Kelly, J Gillin, A Pang, G Lloyd, B Singh, MF AF Cheema, Bobby Abas, Haifa Smith, Benjamin O'Sullivan, Anthony Chan, Maria Patwardhan, Aditi Kelly, John Gillin, Adrian Pang, Glen Lloyd, Brad Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI Progressive exercise for anabolism in kidney disease (PEAK): A randomized, controlled trial of resistance training during hemodialysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PROTEIN; MORTALITY; SCALE; POPULATION AB Skeletal muscle wasting is common and insidious in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis treatment for the management of ESRD. The objective of this study was to determine whether 12 wk of high-intensity, progressive resistance training (PRT) administered during routine hemodialysis treatment could improve skeletal muscle quantity and quality versus usual care. Forty-nine patients (62.6 +/- 14.2 yr; 0.3 to 16.7 yr on dialysis) were recruited from the outpatient hemodialysis unit of the St. George Public Hospital (Sydney, Australia). Patients were randomized to PRT + usual care (n = 24) or usual care control only (n = 25). The PRT group performed two sets of 10 exercises at a high intensity (15 to 17/20 on the Borg Scale) using free weights, three times per week for 12 wk during routine hemodialysis treatment. Primary outcomes included thigh muscle quantity (cross-sectional area [CSA]) and quality (intramuscular lipid content via attenuation) evaluated by computed tomography scan. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, exercise capacity, body circumference measures, proinflammatory cytokine C-reactive protein, and quality of life. There was no statistically significant difference in muscle CSA change between groups. However, there were statistically significant improvements in muscle attenuation, muscle strength, mid-thigh and mid-arm circumference, body weight, and C-reactive protein in the PRT group relative to the nonexercising control group. These findings suggest that patients with ESRD can improve skeletal muscle quality and derive other health-related adaptations solely by engaging in a 12-wk high-intensity PRT regimen during routine hemodialysis treatment sessions. Longer training durations or more sensitive analysis techniques may be required to document alterations in muscle CSA. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Food Nutr & Human Hlth, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Dept Med, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. St George Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Tufts Univ, Hebrew Senior Life & Jean Mayer USDA, Ctr Human Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cheema, B (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Food Nutr & Human Hlth, Wellington Campus,Private Bag 756, Wellington, New Zealand. EM b.cheema@massey.ac.nz OI smith, benjamin/0000-0003-1218-7290 NR 40 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1601 DI 10.1681/ASN.2006121329 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 164NV UT WOS:000246241700028 PM 17409306 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF AF Garvin, David F. TI Brachypodium: a new monocot model plant system emerges SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material DE genome sequencing; monocots; model systems; grass; Brachypodium distachyon ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; DISTACHYON; GRASSES C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agronomy & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM garvi007@umn.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1177 EP 1179 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2868 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 166XS UT WOS:000246414800001 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, WC Olsen, SC Wheeler, CJ Bricker, BJ Palmer, MV Jensen, AE Halling, SM Alt, DP AF Stoffregen, William C. Olsen, Steven C. Wheeler, C. Jack Bricker, Betsy J. Palmer, Mitchell V. Jensen, Allen E. Halling, Shirley M. Alt, David P. TI Diagnostic characterization of a feral swine herd enzootically infected with Brucella SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; Brucella suis; brucellosis; feral swine; swine brucellosis ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; PCR ASSAY; CATTLE; SEQUENCE; SUIS; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Eighty feral swine were trapped from a herd that had been documented to be seropositive for Brucella and which had been used for Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine trials on a 7,100-hectare tract of land in South Carolina. The animals were euthanized and complete necropsies were performed. Samples were taken for histopathology, Brucella culture, and Brucella serology. Brucella was cultured from 62 (77.5%) animals. Brucella suis was isolated from 55 animals (68.8%), and all isolates were biovar 1. Brucella abortus was isolated from 28 animals (35.0%), and isolates included field strain biovar 1 (21 animals; 26.3%), vaccine strain Brucella abortus S19 (8 animals, 10.0%), and vaccine strain Brucella abortus RB51 (6 animals, 7.5%). Males were significantly more likely to be culture positive than females (92.9% vs. 60.6%). Thirty-nine animals (48.8%) were seropositive. Males also had a significantly higher seropositivity rate than females (61.9% vs. 34.2%). The relative sensitivity rates were significantly higher for the standard tube test (44.6%) and fluorescence polarization assay (42.6%) than the card agglutination test (13.1%). Lesions consistent with Brucella infection were commonly found in the animals surveyed and included inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and male reproductive organs, which ranged from lymphoplasmacytic to pyogranulomatous with necrosis. This is the first report of an apparent enzootic Brucella abortus infection in a feral swine herd suggesting that feral swine may serve as a reservoir of infection for Brucella abortus as well as Brucella suis for domestic livestock. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Saluda, SC 29138 USA. RP Stoffregen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bstoffre@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 227 EP 237 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 165SY UT WOS:000246327200001 PM 17459850 ER PT J AU Perera, O Green, TB Stevens, SM White, S Becnel, JJ AF Perera, Omaththage Green, Terry B. Stevens, Stanley M., Jr. White, Susan Becnel, James J. TI Proteins associated with Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus occluded virions SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; OCCLUSION-DERIVED VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; BACULOVIRUS; ORGANIZATION; PREDICTION; PROTEOMICS; GENES AB Occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) of the nucleopolybedrovirus of Culex nigripalpus (CuniNPV) were purified by Ludox density gradient ultracentrifugation, and the proteins were separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins were identified by using Edman sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, or a combination of these methods. Half of the 44 polypeptide sequences identified in this analysis were unique open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by the CuniNPV genome and did not show similarity to any other sequences present in protein databases. Of the 22 polypeptides that showed similarities to other baculovirus-encoded proteins, only 17 sequences have previously been identified as structural proteins. The newly identified CuniNPV structural proteins cun058, cun059, cun087, cun106, and cun109 are homologues of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ORFs 68, 62, 98, 81, and 2, respectively. The products of four genes, namely, lef-1 (cun045), alkaline exonuclease (cun054), helicase (cun089), and DNA polymerase (cun091), were not detected in the CuniNPV ODV preparations. These four genes are conserved among all annotated baculovirus genomes, and their homologues have been detected in the ODV of AcMNPV. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management, Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Proteom Core, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Perera, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management, Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM operera@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov RI Stevens Jr., Stanley/E-4120-2013 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 81 IS 9 BP 4585 EP 4590 DI 10.1128/JVI.02391-06 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 168DE UT WOS:000246501900022 PM 17301145 ER PT J AU Felix, AB Walsh, DP Hughey, BD Campa, H Winterstein, SR AF Felix, Alexandra B. Walsh, Daniel P. Hughey, Brandi D. Campa, Henry, III Winterstein, Scott R. TI Applying landscape-scale habitat-potential models to understand deer spatial structure and movement patterns SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deer management units; habitat potential; habitat type; Michigan; migration; Odocoileus virginianus; spatial structure; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE; MANAGEMENT; MICHIGAN AB Ecologically based management must incorporate components that consider how individuals associate temporally and spatially to environments that provide specific habitat requirements. Recent research has assessed how environments could be classified based on potential to provide deer (Odocoileus virginianus) habitat components. If habitat potential (HP; i.e., capability of habitat types to provide annual life requisites) classifications can be correlated to deer spatial structure and seasonal movement patterns, managers could better understand how spatial distribution of habitat components influences deer distribution. We analyzed home-range distribution and seasonal movement patterns from 45 adult (>= 2 yr old) female deer radiocollared between 1999-2002, and deer habitat characteristics in northeastern Lower Peninsula, Michigan, USA, to investigate whether we can predict deer seasonal movement patterns based on the distribution of HP. We constructed logistic regression models that calculated the probability of deer migration given specific HP within seasonal home ranges of migratory and nonmigratory deer. Our results suggested that the probability of seasonal deer migrations relates to the juxtaposition (arrangement) of different habitat types that collectively provide all annual life requisites. We demonstrated that use of habitat-type classifications and HP models can track and predict deer movement patterns, which can facilitate establishment of management units and ecologically based deer management practises. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Insepct Serv, Wildlife Serv, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. Michigan State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Felix, AB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Room 13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM salamon1@msu.edu OI Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 804 EP 810 DI 10.2193/2006-366 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300019 ER PT J AU Bailey, JW Thompson, FR AF Bailey, J. Wesley Thompson, Frank R., III TI Multiscale nest-site selection by black-capped vireos SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-capped vireo; Fort Hood; nest-site selection; spatial scale; Texas; use-availability; Vireo atricapilla ID HABITAT SELECTION; PREDATION; SCALE; ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPE; WARBLERS; PATTERNS; BIRDS AB We used an information-theoretic approach to investigate nest-site selection by black-capped vireos (Vireo atricapilla) at the landscape and habitat-patch scales on Fort Hood Military Reservation in central Texas, USA, during 2003 and 2004. We used a use-availability sampling design and logistic regression to compare woody cover characteristics at nests to random points in the landscape to determine habitat selection at the landscape scale. At the habitat-patch scale, we used matched case-control logistic regression to compare habitat measures at nests and random non-nest points to evaluate support for hypotheses concerning the influence of woody cover, nest-patch, and nest-site characteristics on black-capped vireo nest-site selection. At the landscape scale, we found strong support (Akaike wt [w(i)] = 1.0) for a model with a cubic effect of percent woody cover and woody cover edge density. Sites with the greatest predicted probabilities of use had woody cover values between 30% and 60% and increasing amounts of edge. We found strong support (w(i) = 0.93) for the global model at the habitat-patch scale that included characteristics of the nest site, nest patch, and woody cover within 25 m. Based on odds ratios and confidence limits, percent woody cover, cover below 2 m, cover type, and substrate height had the greatest effect on nest-site selection. The predicted probability a site was selected for a nest site increased with foliage cover below 2 m, taller substrates, deciduous cover, and decreased at high levels of percent woody cover (especially > 80%). Texas red oak (Quercus buckleyi) was the most used nest substrate (100 of 358 nests), followed by shin oak (Q. sinuata var. breviloba; 86 of 358 nests) and Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei; 44 of 358 nests). Black-capped vireos used Texas red oak and shin oak in greater proportion to their availability, whereas Ashe juniper was used less in proportion to its availability, suggesting vireos avoided this species. We suggest that managers promote dense deciduous cover for nesting habitat and maximize edge-to-area ratios to maintain spatial and structural heterogeneity. C1 Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bailey, JW (reprint author), Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM baileyjw@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 828 EP 836 DI 10.2193/2005-722 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300022 ER PT J AU Herzog, CJ Kays, RW Ray, JC Gompper, ME Zielinski, WJ AF Herzog, Carl J. Kays, Roland W. Ray, Justina C. Gompper, Matthew E. Zielinski, William J. TI Using patterns in track-plate footprints to identify individual fishers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE census; fingerprint; fisher; footprint; identification; Martes pennanti; track plate ID HOME-RANGE CHARACTERISTICS; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SCIENCE; BLACK; INDIA AB If individuals can be identified from patterns in their footprints, noninvasive survey methods can be used to estimate abundance. Track plates capture fine detail in the footprints of fishers (Martes pennanti), recording rows of dots corresponding to tiny papillae on the animal's metacarpal pad. We show that the pattern of these dots can be used to identify individual fishers, similar to human fingerprints. A probabilistic model of uniqueness based on variation in spacing between 1,400 pairs of dots that we measured in prints of 14 different fisher feet suggests the probability of encountering a similar pattern in the print of a different foot by chance alone is < 0.35 '', where n=the number of dot pairs examined. This predicts a 0.00003 probability that a match made using 10 pairs of dots is false. Dot spacing from footprints made by the same foot was remarkably consistent (sigma = 0.02 mm, n = 24 dot pairs). Combined, these results suggest dot patterns in fisher footprints were unique to individuals and were consistently reproduced on track plates. Empirical tests of matching accuracy were best with good-quality prints, highlighting the need for experience judging when prints are usable. We applied print matching to fisher detections collected on track plates deployed at 500-m intervals along 10 3.5-km transects in the Adirondack region of New York, USA. Of 62 fisher detections, 85% had >= 1 footprint of suitable quality to compare with other high-quality prints. We found that most detections from a transect were from the same individual fisher suggesting nonindependence of detections. Thus, data from traditional track-plate deployments over small time periods cannot be used as a measure of abundance, but new study designs using print matching could obtain robust noninvasive, mark-recapture density estimates. C1 New York Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. New York Div Criminal Justice Serv, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Herzog, CJ (reprint author), New York Dept Environm Conservat, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233 USA. EM rkays@mail.nysed.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.2193/2006-408 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300040 ER PT J AU Schroeder, ET Wang, Y Castaneda-Sceppa, C Cloutier, G Vallejo, AF Kawakubo, M Jensky, NE Coomber, S Azen, SP Sattler, FR AF Schroeder, E. Todd Wang, Ying Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Cloutier, Gregory Vallejo, Alberto F. Kawakubo, Miwa Jensky, Nicole E. Coomber, Susan Azen, Stanley P. Sattler, Fred R. TI Reliability of maximal voluntary muscle strength and power testing in older men SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOWER-EXTREMITY STRENGTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ANKLE STRENGTH; ADULTS; WOMEN; PERFORMANCE; KNEE; STABILITY; ANDROGEN AB Background Maximal voluntary muscle strength (MVMS) and leg power are important measures of physical function in older adults. We hypothesized that performing these measures twice within 7-10 days would demonstrate a >5% increase due to learning and familiarization of the testing procedures. Methods. Data were collected from three studies in older adult men (60-87 years) and were divided into two cohorts defined by study site and type of exercise equipment. MVMS was assessed in 116 participants using the one-repetition maximum method at two separate study visits for the chest press, latissimus pull-down, leg press, leg flexion, and leg extension exercises along with unilateral leg extension power. Results. Test-retest scores were not different and did not exceed 0.8 +/- 9.0% in Cohort 1 or 2.3 +/- 9.8% in Cohort 2, except for leg extension, which improved by 6.6 +/- 14.4% (p <.009) and 3.4 +/- 6.8% (p <.016), respectively. Repeat tests were closely correlated with initial tests (all p <.001). Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.74 for leg extension power to 0.96 for leg press. Coefficients of variation were < 10% (4.2%-9.0%) for all exercises except for leg extension power, which was 15.5%. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrated that test-retest measures of MVMS and power in older adult men do not differ by more than 2.3% except for leg extension, and have relatively low coefficients of variation using data collected from three studies. Moreover, these findings were similar between two study sites using different equipment, which further supports the reliability of MVMS and power testing in older adult men. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biokinesiol & Phys Therapy, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Schroeder, ET (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Med, 1540 E Alcazar St,CHP-155, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM eschroed@usc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR00054, MOI RR00043]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG18169] NR 26 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 BP 543 EP 549 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 228WP UT WOS:000250763600011 PM 17522360 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Champ, PA Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Champ, Patricia A. Butry, David T. TI Wildfire risk and housing prices: A case study from Colorado Springs SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID MARKET AB In 2000, concerned about the risks of wildfires to local homes, the Colorado Springs Fire Department rated the wildfire risk of 35,000 housing parcels within the wildland-urban interface and made its findings available online. We examine the effectiveness of this rating project by comparing the relationship between home price and wildfire risk before and after the information was posted on the Web site. Before the information was available, home price and wildfire risk were positively correlated, whereas, afterwards, they were not. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 83 IS 2 BP 217 EP 233 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 176KH UT WOS:000247083300008 ER PT J AU Zurlini, G Riitters, KH Zaccarelli, N Petrosillo, I AF Zurlini, Giovanni Riitters, Kurt H. Zaccarelli, Nicola Petrosillo, Irene TI Patterns of disturbance at multiple scales in real and simulated landscapes SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance pattern; neutral model; moving window; land use change ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; ECOLOGY; RESILIENCE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB We describe a framework to characterize and interpret the spatial patterns of disturbances at multiple scales in socio-ecological systems. Domains of scale are defined in pattern metric space and mapped in geographic space, which can help to understand how anthropogenic disturbances might impact biodiversity through habitat modification. The approach identifies typical disturbance 'profiles' based on the similarity of trajectories in a pattern metric space over a range of spatial scales. When different profiles are coherent in pattern metric space, they describe a regional spatial pattern. The divergence of a profile indicates a scale-dependent transition to a local spatial pattern, which can be examined for correspondence to different regions of geographic space. We illustrate the conceptual model with simulated maps and real disturbance maps from satellite imagery in south Italy. The results suggest that management of disturbances in the study region depend less on local drivers of disturbance and more on broader-scale drivers within the socio-ecological framework. C1 Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zurlini, G (reprint author), Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol lab, Ecotekne Campus,Str Prov Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM giovanni.zurlini@unile.it RI Zaccarelli, Nicola/B-9159-2008; Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Zaccarelli, Nicola/0000-0002-3146-0910; Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9055-5 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 162TG UT WOS:000246111800006 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Farley, S Goldstein, MI Servheen, C AF Graves, Tabitha A. Farley, Sean Goldstein, Michael I. Servheen, Christopher TI Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; fragmentation; habitat; highways; linkage zones; Ursus arctos ID GRIZZLY BEARS; DISPERSAL AB We identified primary habitat and functional corridors across a landscape using Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations of brown bears (Ursus arctos). After deriving density, speed, and angular deviation of movement, we classified landscape function for a group of animals with a cluster analysis. We described areas with high amounts of sinuous movement as primary habitat patches and areas with high amounts of very directional, fast movement as highly functional bear corridors. The time between bear locations and scale of analysis influenced the number and size of corridors identified. Bear locations should be collected at intervals <= 6 h to correctly identify travel corridors. Our corridor identification technique will help managers move beyond the theoretical discussion of corridors and linkage zones to active management of landscape features that will preserve connectivity. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USGS Field Stn, GNP, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USFWS, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USGS Field Stn, GNP, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM tgraves@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9082-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 162TG UT WOS:000246111800010 ER PT J AU Wilson, JB Welsch, M Allen, J Thomson, J Tulley, R Lefevre, M AF Wilson, Joanie B. Welsch, Michael Allen, Jason Thomson, Jessica Tulley, Richard Lefevre, Michael TI The association of homocysteine and related factors to brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASODILATATION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; WALL SHEAR-STRESS; RISK-FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID AB Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) has been proposed as a measurement of the degree and severity of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the associations between BAFMD and homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6; (2) examine the influence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes on homocysteine levels and BAFMD; and (3) evaluate the effect of homocysteine on the baseline diameter of the vessel vs BAFMD. A total of 174 healthy research subjects were examined for BAFMD, homocysteine, folate, vitamin 1312, vitamin 136, and MTHFR genotype, nucleotide 677 C-T. The data indicated a significant inverse correlation between homocysteine and BAFMD (r = -0.1763, P = .02). There was a significant difference in BAFMD between MTHFR genotype groups (P = .01) (T/T vs C/C, P = .042; C/C vs C/T, P = .13; T/T vs C/T, P = .003). Homocysteine was significantly associated with the baseline brachial artery diameter (r = 0.1878, P = .013). The data confirmed a significant inverse correlation between baseline diameter and BAFMD (r = -0.3321, P = .0001). Regression analysis indicated that the MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and age were significant predictors of BAFMD (P = .0001, r(2) = 0.118). When the baseline brachial diameter was incorporated into the model, the effect of homocysteine on BAFMD disappeared. The present data indicate an association between homocysteine and BAFMD and reduced BAFMD in individuals with the MTHFR nucleotide 677 T/T genotype, despite similar blood values for folate and homocysteine. Finally, the data suggest that the effect of homocysteine on vascular reactivity is in part a consequence of its influence on baseline brachial artery diameter. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Durham, England. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Div Nutr & Chron Dis, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Welsch, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. EM mwelsch@lsu.edu RI Lefevre, Michael/B-5030-2014; OI Lefevre, Michael/0000-0002-2046-3593; Allen, Jason/0000-0001-5219-4423 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.12.012 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 162VL UT WOS:000246117500009 PM 17445539 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Hallford, DM Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Callaway, Todd R. Hallford, Dennis M. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of exogenous triiodothyronine (T-3) on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM; THYROID-HORMONES; BRAHMAN COWS; GROWTH; HYPERTHYROIDISM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS AB Fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in ruminants is highest in the summer months and decreases to low or undetectable levels in the winter. We hypothesize that the seasonal variation of this pathogen is a result of physiological responses within the host animal to changing day length. The thyroid is an endocrine gland known to respond to changing day length. Two experiments were conducted to determine if a hyperthyroid status would initiate fecal shedding of E. coli O157 in cattle during the winter when shedding is virtually nonexistent (winter experiment) or influence cattle actively shedding E. coli O157 (summer experiment). Yearling cattle were group-penned under dry-lot conditions, adjusted to a high concentrate ration, and randomly assigned to treatment: control (1 mL corn oil injected s.c. daily) or triiodothyronine (T-3; 1.5 mg suspended in corn oil injected s.c daily). Cattle were individually processed daily for collection of fecal and blood samples. Treatment with exogenous T-3 produced a significant change in serum thyroid hormone concentrations indicative of a hyperthyroid status in both experiments. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed in fecal shedding of E. coli O157 in the winter experiment. In the summer experiment, fecal shedding of E. coli O157 was decreased (P=0.05) by administration of T-3 during the treatment period (days 1-10), tended to be lower (P=0.08) during the following 7-day period of no treatment, and was lower (P=0.01) when examined across the entire experimental period. Results of this research indicate that the thyroid or its hormones may be involved in the seasonal shedding patterns of E. coli O157 in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 664 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9159-0 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 169AQ UT WOS:000246565500015 PM 17394043 ER PT J AU Faith, NG Kathariou, S Neudeck, BL Luchansky, JB Czuprynski, CJ AF Faith, Nancy G. Kathariou, Sophia Neudeck, Brien L. Luchansky, John B. Czuprynski, Charles J. TI A P60 mutant of Listeria monocytogenes is impaired in its ability to cause infection in intragastrically inoculated mice SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; gastrointestinal; P60; listeriosis; mice ID FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; PROTEIN P60; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; CELLS; AUTOLYSIN; MURA; 4B AB A spontaneous P60 mutant of Listeria monocytogenes was less able to cause systemic infection in A/J mice, following intragastric inoculation, than the parental wild type strain (SLCC 5764, serotype 1/2a). Significantly fewer CFU were recovered from internal organs (spleen, liver, gall bladder) and from the cecum of mice inoculated intragastrically with the P60 mutant than mice inoculated with wild type L. monocytogenes. The P60 mutant also exhibited a diminished ability to invade and multiply within Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that P60 is required for maximal virulence of L. monocytogenes in the gastrointestinal tract of mice. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Food Pathogens Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Czuprynski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM czuprync@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.01.004 PG 5 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 171SB UT WOS:000246754600008 PM 17336491 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Dutech, C Milgroom, MG AF Kubisiak, T. L. Dutech, C. Milgroom, M. G. TI Fifty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE chestnut blight fungus; Cryphonectria parasitica; microsatellite; polymorphism; simple sequence repeat; SSR ID MARKERS AB We report on 53 microsatellite loci for use in population genetic or linkage mapping studies in Cryphonectria parasitica. In 40 isolates collected from throughout the Northern Hemisphere, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 14 (mean 5.17) with gene diversity values ranging from 0.049 to 0.859 (mean 0.437). Samples from Asia were more diverse than those from Europe and North America. Most of the markers (48 of 53) were developed from an expressed sequence tag library, and hence, offer the opportunity to examine population structure or provide genome location information for specific expressed genes vs. anonymous genomic regions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. INRA, Unite Mixte Rech BIOGECO, Equipe Pathol Forestiere, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 428 EP 432 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01608.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 164OV UT WOS:000246244300014 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Schnell, RJ Violi, HA Ploetz, RC AF Borrone, James W. Schnell, Raymond J. Violi, Helen A. Ploetz, Randy C. TI Seventy microsatellite markers from Persea americana Miller (avocado) expressed sequence tags SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag libraries; Persea americana Miller; simple sequence repeat; unigene AB Expressed sequence tags for Persea americana Mill. were investigated to expand upon the number of informative microsatellite markers available for avocado. Seventy informative loci were discovered using 24 P. americana var. americana Mill. accessions. The number of alleles detected ranged from two to 17 and averaged 7.1 alleles per locus. These primers successfully amplified products in different varieties of P. americana, hybrids and a related species, Persea schiedeana. These primers will be useful for characterizing germplasm, determining genetic relationships of cultivated accessions, and for marker-assisted development of root rot-tolerant P. americana var. americana rootstock material. C1 USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Respository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Respository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rschnell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01611.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 164OV UT WOS:000246244300017 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Nisbet, David J. Kogut, Michael H. TI Synergy of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and double-stranded RNA (poly I : C on nitric oxide induction in chicken peripheral blood monocytes SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG-ODN; double-stranded RNA; nitric oxide; toll-like receptors; innate immune responses; chicken monocytes ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; PROTEIN-KINASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; BACTERIAL-DNA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SILICO IDENTIFICATION; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial components and initiate the innate immune responses that control microbial infections. We have investigated the innate immune response of chicken monocytes to ligands of TLR3 and TLR9, poly I:C (an analog of viral double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide) by measuring the induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in chicken monocytes. Our results show that poly I:C and CpG-ODN synergized the induction of NO. When stimulated separately, CpG-ODN induced significant NO production in the chicken monocytes-1 whereas, poly I:C stimulated very little NO production. In combination, CpG-ODN and poly I:C induced significantly higher level of NO in chicken monocytes than either agonist alone. The addition of poly I:C prior to or simultaneously with CpG-ODN was required for the synergy. No synergistic effects on NO production were observed when monocytes were stimulated with combinations of CpG-ODN or poly I:C with other TLR agonists. Unlike chicken monocytes, cells of a chicken macrophage cell line, HD11, were readily stimulated to produce NO by both CpG-ODN and poly I:C with no synergism on NO induction when HD11 cells were stimulated by a combination of CpG-ODN and poly I:C. Using a pharmacological inhibitor, we also demonstrated that double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is indispensable for stimulation of NO production by CpG-ODN alone or in combination with poly I:C in both chicken peripheral blood monocytes and HD11 macrophage cells. Our results show that a combination of bacterial DNA and dsRNA induces an enhanced inflammatory immune response that has both antiviral and antibacterial activity in primary chicken monocytes. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM he@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 66 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3234 EP 3242 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.034 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 174DN UT WOS:000246921500018 PM 17339052 ER PT J AU Mikstacka, R Przybylska, D Rimando, AM Baer-Dubowska, W AF Mikstacka, Renata Przybylska, Dorota Rimando, Agnes M. Baer-Dubowska, Wanda TI Inhibition of human recombinant cytochromes P450CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by trans-resveratrol methyl ethers SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; desoxyrhapontigenin; pinostilbene; pterostilbene; trans-resveratrol ID VITIS-VINIFERA; PTEROCARPUS-MARSUPIUM; LOW BIOAVAILABILITY; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; PTEROSTILBENE; ANTIOXIDANT; ANALOGS; MECHANISM; 1B1; POLYPHENOLS AB CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are the inducible forms of cytochrome P450 expressed in extrahepatic tissues, which are responsible for the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines and estradiol to the carcinogenic intermediates. The aim of our research was to determine and compare the inhibitory effect of naturally occurring analogues of trans-resveratrol on the catalytic activities of human recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Pinostilbene (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), desoxyrhapontigenin (3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene), and pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy4'-hydroxystilbene) appeared to be very potent inhibitors of CYP1A1 catalytic activity with Ki values of 0.13, 0.16 and 0.57 mu M, respectively. Results from this study indicate that trans-resveratrol analogues in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy groups exhibit a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect towards CYP1A1 in comparison to the parent compound. On the contrary, the potency of pinostilbene, desoxyrhapontigenin and pterostilbene towards CYP1B1 with K(i) values of 0.90, 2.06 and 0.91 mu M, respectively, was comparable to that of resveratrol. It appears that between these analogues, inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 catalytic activities does not vary much regardless of the number and position of methylether substitution. The results suggest that the trans-resveratrol analogues: pinostilbene, desoxyrhapontigenin and pterostilbene, which occur in some food plants, might be considered as promising chemopreventive agents. C1 Univ Med Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Biochem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Mikstacka, R (reprint author), Univ Med Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Biochem, Swiecickiego 4, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. EM rmikstac@amp.edu.pl OI Baer-Dubowska, Wanda/0000-0002-6625-5343 NR 54 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200600135 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 169ZH UT WOS:000246630100002 PM 17440990 ER PT J AU Brammer, CA von Dohlen, CD AF Brammer, Colin A. von Dohlen, Carol D. TI Evolutionary history of Stratiomyidae (Insecta : Diptera): The molecular phylogeny of a diverse family of flies SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE soldier flies; Clitellariinae; diversification; divergence dates; molecular dating; Diptera ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; GENE-SEQUENCES; ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; DIVERGENCE TIMES; SOLDIER FLY; 28S RDNA; NUCLEAR; BRACHYCERA; CHARACTERS; LIKELIHOOD AB Stratiomyidae is a cosmopolitan family of Brachycera (Diptera) that contains over 2800 species. This study focused on the relationships of members of the subfamily Clitellariinae, which has had a complicated taxonomic history. To investigate the monophly of the Clitellariinae, the relationships of its genera, and the ages of Stratiomyidae lineages, representatives for all 12 subfamilies of Stratiomyidae, totaling 68 taxa, were included in a phylogenetic reconstruction. A Xylomyidae representative, Solva sp., was used as an outgroup. Sequences of EF-1 alpha and 28S rRNA genes were analyzed under maximum parsimony with bootstrapping, and Bayesian methods to recover the best estimate of phylogeny. A chronogram with estimated dates for all nodes in the phylogeny was generated with the program, r8s, and divergence dates and confidence intervals were further explored with the program, multidivtime. All subfamilies of Stratiomyidae with more than one representative were found to be monophyletic, except for Stratiomyinae and Clitellarinae. Clitellariinae were distributed among five separate clades in the phylogeny, and Raphiocerinae were nested within Stratiomyinae. Dating analysis suggested an early Cretaceous origin for the common ancestor of extant Stratiomyidae, and a radiation of several major Stratiomyidae lineages in the Late Cretaceous. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Brammer, CA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Plant Epidemiol & Risk Anal Lab, 1730 Vars Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM colin.a.brammer@aphis.usda.gov NR 84 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 660 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.006 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 174CM UT WOS:000246918800026 PM 17070710 ER PT J AU Foster-Hartnett, D Danesh, D Penuela, S Sharopova, N Endre, G Vandenbosch, KA Young, ND Samac, DA AF Foster-Hartnett, Dawn Danesh, Dariush Penuela, Silvia Sharopova, Natasha Endre, Gabriella Vandenbosch, Kathryn A. Young, Nevin D. Samac, Deborah A. TI Molecular and cytological responses of Medicago truncatula to Erysiphe pisi SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; PLANT DEFENSE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRIFOLII; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; INDUCTION AB Powdery mildew is an economically important disease in a number of crop legumes; however, little is known about resistance to the disease in these species. To gain a better understanding of the genetics of resistance and plant responses to powdery mildew in legumes, we developed a pathosystem with Medicago truncatula and Erysiphe pisi. Screening accessions of M. truncatula identified genotypes that are highly susceptible, moderately resistant and highly resistant to the fungus. In the highly resistant genotype, fungal growth was arrested after appressorium development with no colony formation, while in the moderately resistant genotype a small number of colonies formed. Both resistant and moderately resistant genotypes produced hydrogen peroxide and fluorescent compounds at pathogen penetration sites, consistent with a hypersensitive response (HR), although the response was delayed in the moderately resistant genotype. Very little hydrogen peroxide or fluorescence was detected in the susceptible accession. Microarray analysis of E. pisi-induced early transcriptional changes detected 55 genes associated with the basal defence response that were similarly regulated in all three genotypes. These included pathogenesis-related genes and other genes involved in defence, signal transduction, senescence, cell wall metabolism and abiotic stress. Genes associated with the HR response included flavonoid pathway genes, and others involved in transport, transcription regulation and signal transduction. A total of 34 potentially novel unknown genes, including two legume-specific genes, were identified in both the basal response and the HR categories. Potential binding sites for two defence-related transcription regulators, Myb and Whirly, were identified in promoter regions of induced genes, and four novel motifs were found in promoter regions of genes repressed in the resistant interaction. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, 495 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu RI Penuela, Silvia/A-6961-2010 OI Penuela, Silvia/0000-0003-4829-5517 NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00395.X PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 157UB UT WOS:000245745400007 PM 20507501 ER PT J AU Hibbett, DS Binder, M Bischoff, JF Blackwell, M Cannon, PF Eriksson, OE Huhndorf, S James, T Kirk, PM Lucking, R Lumbsch, HT Lutzoni, F Matheny, PB Mclaughlin, DJ Powell, MJ Redhead, S Schoch, CL Spatafora, JW Stalpers, JA Vilgalys, R Aime, MC Aptroot, A Bauer, R Begerow, D Benny, GL Castlebury, LA Crous, PW Dai, YC Gams, W Geiser, DM Griffith, GW Gueidan, C Hawksworth, DL Hestmark, G Hosaka, K Humber, RA Hyde, KD Ironside, JE Koljalg, U Kurtzman, CP Larsson, KH Lichtwardt, R Longcore, J Miadlikowska, J Miller, A Moncalvo, JM Mozley-Standridge, S Oberwinkler, F Parmasto, E Reeb, V Rogers, JD Roux, C Ryvarden, L Sampaio, JP Schussler, A Sugiyama, J Thorn, RG Tibell, L Untereiner, WA Walker, C Wang, Z Weir, A Weiss, M White, MM Winka, K Yao, YJ Zhang, N AF Hibbett, David S. Binder, Manfred Bischoff, Joseph F. Blackwell, Meredith Cannon, Paul F. Eriksson, Ove E. Huhndorf, Sabine James, Timothy Kirk, Paul M. Luecking, Robert Lumbsch, H. Thorsten Lutzoni, Francois Matheny, P. Brandon Mclaughlin, David J. Powell, Martha J. Redhead, Scott Schoch, Conrad L. Spatafora, Joseph W. Stalpers, Joost A. Vilgalys, Rytas Aime, M. Catherine Aptroot, Andre Bauer, Robert Begerow, Dominik Benny, Gerald L. Castlebury, Lisa A. Crous, Pedro W. Dai, Yu-Cheng Gams, Walter Geiser, David M. Griffith, Gareth W. Gueidan, Cecile Hawksworth, David L. Hestmark, Geir Hosaka, Kentaro Humber, Richard A. Hyde, Kevin D. Ironside, Joseph E. Koljalg, Urmas Kurtzman, Cletus P. Larsson, Karl-Henrik Lichtwardt, Robert Longcore, Joyce Miadlikowska, Jolanta Miller, Andrew Moncalvo, Jean-Marc Mozley-Standridge, Sharon Oberwinkler, Franz Parmasto, Erast Reeb, Valerie Rogers, Jack D. Roux, Claude Ryvarden, Leif Sampaio, Jose Paulo Schuessler, Arthur Sugiyama, Junta Thorn, R. Greg Tibell, Leif Untereiner, Wendy A. Walker, Christopher Wang, Zheng Weir, Alex Weiss, Michael White, Merlin M. Winka, Katarina Yao, Yi-Jian Zhang, Ning TI A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; LSU RDNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ORD-NOV; MITOCHONDRIAL SEQUENCES; NATURAL CLASSIFICATION; BASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; LARGE SUBUNITS; NUCLEAR RDNA AB A comprehensive phylogenetic classification of the kingdom Fungi is proposed, with reference to recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, and with input from diverse members of the fungal taxonomic community. The classification includes 195 taxa, down to the level of order, of which 16 are described or validated here: Dikarya subkingdom nov.; Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota phyla nov.; Monoblepharidomycetes, Neocallimastigomycetes class. nov.; Eurotiomycetidae, Lecarioromycetidae, Mycocaliciomycetidae subclass. nov.; Acarosporales, Corticiales, Baeomycetales, Candelariales, Gloeophyllales, Melanosporales, Trechisporales, Umbilicariales ords. nov. The clade containing Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is classified as subkingdom Dikarya, reflecting the putative synapomorphy of dikaryotic hyphae. The most dramatic shifts in the classification relative to previous works concern the groups that have traditionally been included in the Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota. The Chytridiomycota is retained in a restricted sense, with Blastocladiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota representing segregate phyla of flagellated Fungi. Taxa traditionally placed in Zygomycota are distributed among Glomeromycota and several subphyla incertae sedis, including Mucoromycotina, Entomophthoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, and Zoopagomycotiria. Microsporidia are included in the Fungi, but no further subdivision of the group is proposed. Several genera of 'basal' Fungi of uncertain position are not placed in any higher taxa, including Basidiobolus, Caulochytrium, Olpidium, and Rozella. (c) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. CABI UK, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. ECORC, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ABL, Herbarium, NL-3762 XK Soest, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, Inst Bot, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Ecol & Biodivers, Ctr Res Fungal Divers, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Tartu, Inst Bot & Ecol, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Biodivers, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Middle Georgia Coll, Div Nat Sci Math & Engn, Cochran, GA 31014 USA. Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Chemin Vignes Vielles, F-84120 Mirabeau, France. Univ Oslo, Bot Inst, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, SABT, CREM, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Inst Genet, D-80638 Munich, Germany. TechnoSuruga Co Ltd, Tokyo Off, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1010052, Japan. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Uppsala Univ, Evolut Biol Ctr, Dept Systemat Bot, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Brandon Univ, Dept Bot, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. Royal Bot Gardens, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. SUNY Coll, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Systmat Mycol & Lichenol Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Hibbett, DS (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM dhibbett@clarku.edu RI Dai, Yu-Cheng/A-6589-2015; SchuSSler, Arthur/F-1681-2011; Wang, Zheng/A-2318-2011; Sampaio, Jose Paulo/C-5532-2011; WeiSS, Michael/F-6206-2012; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Thorn, R Greg/I-3398-2012; Schoch, Conrad/J-4825-2012; Lumbsch, Thorsten/K-3573-2012; Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Binder, Manfred/C-8571-2013; REQUIMTE, MM/M-6160-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; griffith, gareth/A-1970-2009; Gueidan, Cecile/C-8803-2014; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Sampaio, Jose/0000-0001-8145-5274; Vilgalys, Rytas/0000-0001-8299-3605; Wang, Zheng/0000-0002-8849-8549; WeiSS, Michael/0000-0002-4869-9186; Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Lumbsch, Thorsten/0000-0003-1512-835X; Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; NR 225 TC 971 Z9 1045 U1 40 U2 370 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 111 BP 509 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 PN 5 PG 39 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 187RM UT WOS:000247865900002 PM 17572334 ER PT J AU Baroni, TJ Franco-Molano, AE Lodge, DJ Lindner, DL Horak, E Hofstetter, V AF Baroni, Timothy J. Franco-Molano, Ana Esperanza Lodge, D. Jean Lindner, Daniel L. Horak, Egon Hofstetter, Valerie TI Arthromyces and Blastosporella, two new genera of conidia-producing lyophylloid agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from the neotropics SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arthrosporella; arthrospores; blastospores; Caribbean; Central America; Colombia; key to species; Lyophyllaceae; new species; tropical montane AB Two new genera encompassing three new species of lyophylloid agarics that produce conidia on the basidiomata are described. Arthromyces is a genus comprised of two very different arthrospore-producing mushroom species found in the Greater Antilles and Central America. Blastosporella is a monotypic genus with spherical balls of blastospores covering the pileus surface with age and is known from Hispaniola and Colombia. A key to the species of Arthromyces is included. (c) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Univ Antioquia, Inst Biol, Lab Taxonomia Hongos, Medellin 1226, Colombia. USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol, Forest Serv, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, FS Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. ETHZ, Herbarium, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Baroni, TJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol Sci, POB 2000, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM baronitj@cortland.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 111 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.007 PN 5 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 187RM UT WOS:000247865900004 PM 17572336 ER PT J AU Haywood, JD AF Haywood, James D. TI Influence of herbicides and felling, fertilization, and prescribed fire on longleaf pine establishment and growth through six growing seasons SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE brown-spot needle blight; container seedlings; diammonium phosphate; hexazinone; Mycosphaerella dearnessii M. E. Barr; Pinus palustris P. Mill.; sethoxydim; triclopyr ID HEXAZINONE APPLICATION; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; SEEDLINGS AB Recovery of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) is necessary to arrest the decline of many associated plants and animals, and the establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and diligence. In central Louisiana, USA, two fertilization levels (No [NF] or Yes [F-36 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P]) in combination with three vegetation treatments (check, two prescribed fires [PF], or multi-year vegetation control by herbicidal and mechanical means [IVM]) were applied to container-grown longleaf pine plantings in two studies. In Study 1 (grass dominated), 6-year-old longleaf pine survival was 52% on the F checks, 78% on the F-PF plots, and averaged 93% on the other four treatment combinations. Longleaf pine trees on the IVM plots (3.4 m) were significantly taller than on the other two vegetation treatments, and trees on the PF plots (1.8 m) were taller than trees on the check plots (1.2 m). In Study 2 (brush dominated), survival averaged 65% across the six-treatment combinations after 6 years. The longleaf pine trees were 4.7 m tall on the IVM plots and averaged 3.9 m tall on the check and PF plots. Fertilization increased P concentrations in the soil and longleaf pine foliage, while fertilization did not significantly affect longleaf pine height growth. Native fertility was not apparently limiting longleaf pine development contrary to prior research recommendations for these soils. In both studies, the IVM treatment reduced early herbaceous competition and the number and height of arborescent plants. The PF treatment reduced arborescent plant height on the grassy site where fires were more intense than on the brushy site. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Haywood, JD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, RWU-4111,2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dhaywood@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 257 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s11056-006-9026-3 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 152KO UT WOS:000245361100003 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG DeMars, LCS AF Reeves, Philip G. DeMars, Lana C. S. TI Bovine hemoglobin as the sole source of dietary iron does not support adequate iron status in copper-adequate or copper-deficient rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE copper; iron; hemoglobin; iron status; rats ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; HEPHAESTIN PROTEIN; ABSORPTION; CERULOPLASMIN; MICE; SERUM AB This experiment was designed to determine whether dietary hemoglobin (Hgb) iron (Fe) could sustain normal Fe status in growing rats adequate or deficient in copper (Cu). Forty-eight weanling rats were divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 16 animals. One group was fed a diet containing 40 ing Fe/kg as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). A second and a third group were fed 40 and 70 mg Fe/kg, respectively, as bovine Hgb. Each of these groups was divided into 2 subgroups of 8 rats each and fed 5.0 or less than 0.5 mg Cu/kg. After 4 weeks, Cu and Fe statuses were assessed. Rats fed 40 mg Fe/kg as Hgb were anemic, but not when fed 70 ing Fe/kg as Hgb. Rats fed CuD diets also were anemic compared to CuA rats. Rats fed Hgb Fe at 40 mg/kg had lower (P < .001) Fe concentrations in serum and spleen compared with those fed FeSO4; however, these parameters were normal in rats fed Hgb Fe at 70 mg/kg. Regardless of the dietary Hgb Fe level, Fe concentrations in the intestinal mucosa, liver, and kidney were significantly lower than in rats fed FeSO4. Copper was significantly (P < .001) lower in the mucosa, serum, liver, spleen, and kidney of CuD rats than CuA rats regardless of the dietary Fe source. Iron was significantly (P < .001) elevated in mucosa and liver, but lower in serum (P < .001) and kidney (P < .040) of CuD rats than in CuA rats. Heme oxygenase protein was significantly (P < .001) higher in rats fed Hgb Fe than in those fed FeSO4, but was not affected by CuD. This investigation demonstrates that adequate Fe status cannot be maintained in the growing rat with Hgb as the sole source of dietary Fe. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM philip.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.03.004 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175UW UT WOS:000247040500008 ER PT J AU Relling, DP Esberg, LB Johnson, WT Murphy, EJ Carlson, EC Lukaski, HC Saari, JT Ren, J AF Relling, David P. Esberg, Lucy B. Johnson, W. Thomas Murphy, Eric J. Carlson, Edward C. Lukaski, Henry C. Saari, Jack T. Ren, Jun TI Dietary interaction of high fat and marginal copper deficiency on cardiac contractile function SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE dietary intake; high-fat diet; cardiac dysfunction; copper-deficient diet ID AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; IGF-I; RAT HEARTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; UP-REGULATION; ZUCKER RATS; OBESE RATS AB Objective: High-fat and marginally copper-deficient diets impair heart function, leading to cardiac hypertrophy, increased lipid droplet volume, and compromised contractile function, resembling lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction. However, the combined effect of the two on cardiac function is unknown. This study was designed to examine the interaction between high-fat and marginally copper-deficient diets on cardiomyocyte contractile function. Research Methods and Procedures: Weanling male rats were fed diets incorporating a low- or high-fat diet (10% or 45% of kcal from fat, respectively) with adequate (6 mg/kg) or marginally deficient (1.5 mg/kg) copper content for 12 weeks. Contractile function was determined with an IonOptix system including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS, time-to-90% relengthening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](1)) rise and decay. Results: Neither dietary treatment affected blood pressure or glucose levels, although the high-fat diet elicited obesity and glucose intolerance. Both diets depressed PS, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](1)) rise and prolonged time-to-90% relengthening and Ca2+ decay without an additive effect between the two. Ca2+ sensitivity, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, nitrosative damage, tissue ceramide, and triglyceride levels were unaffected by either diet or in combination. Phospholamban (PLB) but not sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was increased by both diets. Endothelial NO synthase was depressed with concurrent treatments. The electron transport chain was unaffected, although mitochondrial aconitase activity was inhibited by the high-fat diet. Discussion: These data suggest that high-fat and marginally copper deficient diets impaired cardiomyocyte contractile function and [Ca2+](i) homeostasis, possibly through a similar mechanism, without obvious lipotoxicity, nitrosative damage, and apoptosis. C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Alternat Med, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jren@uwyo.edu NR 70 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD MAY PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1242 EP 1257 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.146 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 169HJ UT WOS:000246583000022 PM 17495201 ER PT J AU Goss, EM Bergelson, J AF Goss, Erica M. Bergelson, Joy TI Fitness consequences of infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with its natural bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas viridiflava SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE resistance; susceptibility; virulence; tolerance; plant-pathogen interaction ID SENECIO-VULGARIS; LINUM-MARGINALE; MELAMPSORA-LINI; PUCCINIA-LAGENOPHORAE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; EPIPHYTIC SURVIVAL; PLANT-POPULATIONS; ERYSIPHE-FISCHERI; GENETIC-VARIATION; COEVOLUTION AB Variation in plant resistance to pathogen infection is commonly observed in interactions between wild plants and their foliar pathogens. Models of host-pathogen interactions indicate that a large cost of infection is generally necessary to maintain this variation, yet there is limited evidence that foliar pathogens cause detectable fitness reductions in wild host plants. Most published work has focused on fungal pathogens. Pseudomonas viridiflava, a common bacterial pathogen of the annual weed Arabidopsis thaliana across its range, comprises two distinct genetic clades that cause disease symptoms of different severity. Here we measured the extent of infection of wild A. thaliana populations in the Midwest, USA, and examined the effect on seed production, in field and growth-chamber experiments, of experimental inoculation with isolates from the two clades. We found infection with P. viridiflava varied from 0 to 56% in Midwest A. thaliana populations, with the possibility of several leaves per plant infected later in the growing season. In the growth chambers, experimental inoculation reduced seed set by averages of 15 and 11% for clades A and B, respectively. In the field experiment, only clade A affected plant fitness significantly, reducing seed set by an average of 38%. Underlying these average effects we observed both negative and positive effects of infection, and variation in both fitness among plant genotypes and sensitivity to environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Goss, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM emgoss@alumni.uchicago.edu RI Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62504, R01 GM062504] NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0631-9 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158QR UT WOS:000245808100007 PM 17180370 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Showers, W Kwak, T Levine, J Stoskopf, M AF Gustafson, Lori Showers, William Kwak, Thomas Levine, Jay Stoskopf, Michael TI Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Elliptio complanata; delta N-15; delta C-13; nutrient loading; tissue turnover; isotopic baseline ID FOOD WEBS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; CARBON ISOTOPES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; NITROGEN; COASTAL; DELTA-N-15; NITRATE; EUTROPHICATION AB Stable isotopes can be used to elucidate ecological relationships in community and trophic studies. Findings are calibrated against baselines, e. g. from a producer or primary consumer, assumed to act as a reference to the isotopic context created by spatio-temporal attributes such as geography, climate, nutrient, and energy sources. The ability of an organism to accurately represent a community base depends on how, and over what time-scale, it assimilates ambient materials. Freshwater mussels have served as references for trophic studies of freshwater communities and as indicators of change in nutrient pollution load or source. Their suitability as reference animals has not yet been fully explored, however. We conducted a series of studies examining the suitability of freshwater mussels as isotopic baselines, using their ability to reflect variation in ambient nutrient loads as a case scenario. (1) We analyzed bivalve foot tissue delta N-15 and delta C-13 from 22 stream reaches in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA to show that compositions varied substantially among locations. Site mean bivalve delta C-13 values correlated with site ambient particulate organic matter (POM) delta C-13 values, and site mean bivalve delta N-15 values correlated with site ambient water dissolved delta N-15-NO3 values. (2) Similarity of results among sample types demonstrated that the minimally invasive hemolymph sample is a suitable substitute for foot tissue in delta N-15 analyses, and that small sample sizes generate means representative of a larger population. Both findings can help minimize the impact of sampling on imperiled freshwater mussel populations. (3) In a bivalve transplantation study we showed that hemolymph delta N-15 compositions responded to a shift in ambient dissolved delta N-15-NO3, although slowly. The tissue turnover time for bivalve hemolymph was 113 days. We conclude that bivalves serve best as biomonitors of chronic, rather than acute, fluctuations in stream nutrient loads, and provide initial evidence of their suitability as time-integrated isotopic baselines for community studies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Natl Surveillance Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012 NR 51 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 1 BP 140 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0633-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158QR UT WOS:000245808100015 PM 17187266 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Jenkins, JP Braswell, BH Hollinger, DY Ollinger, SV Smith, ML AF Richardson, Andrew D. Jenkins, Julian P. Braswell, Bobby H. Hollinger, David Y. Ollinger, Scott V. Smith, Marie-Louise TI Use of digital webcam images to track spring green-up in a deciduous broadleaf forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; Bartlett Experimental Forest; broadband normalized difference vegetation index; digital camera; eddy covariance; phenology ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; GROWING-SEASON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; VEGETATION INDEXES; EDDY COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Understanding relationships between canopy structure and the seasonal dynamics of photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by forest canopies requires improved knowledge of canopy phenology at eddy covariance flux tower sites. We investigated whether digital webcam images could be used to monitor the trajectory of spring green-up in a deciduous northern hardwood forest. A standard, commercially available webcam was mounted at the top of the eddy covariance tower at the Bartlett AmeriFlux site. Images were collected each day around midday. Red, green, and blue color channel brightness data for a 640 x 100-pixel region-of-interest were extracted from each image. We evaluated the green-up signal extracted from webcam images against changes in the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation that is absorbed by the canopy (f(APAR)), a broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the light-saturated rate of canopy photosynthesis (A(max)), inferred from eddy flux measurements. The relative brightness of the green channel (green %) was relatively stable through the winter months. A steady rising trend in green % began around day 120 and continued through day 160, at which point a stable plateau was reached. The relative brightness of the blue channel (blue %) also responded to spring green-up, although there was more day-to-day variation in the signal because blue % was more sensitive to changes in the quality (spectral distribution) of incident radiation. Seasonal changes in blue % were most similar to those in f (APAR) and broadband NDVI, whereas changes in green % proceeded more slowly, and were drawn out over a longer period of time. Changes in A(max) lagged green-up by at least a week. We conclude that webcams offer an inexpensive means by which phenological changes in the canopy state can be quantified. A network of cameras could offer a novel opportunity to implement a regional or national phenology monitoring program. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 48 TC 206 Z9 225 U1 11 U2 93 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0657-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165AM UT WOS:000246276200014 PM 17342508 ER PT J AU Ramos-Rodriguez, O Campbell, JF Christen, JM Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE Ramaswamy, SB AF Ramos-Rodriguez, O. Campbell, J. F. Christen, J. M. Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. Lewis, E. E. Ramaswamy, S. B. TI Attraction behaviour of three entomopathogenic nematode species towards infected and uninfected hosts SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema glaseri; Steinernema riobrave; Galleria mellonella; Tenebrio molitor; infection behaviour; host attraction; entomopathogenic nematodes ID FORAGING STRATEGY; NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; JUMPING BEHAVIOR; VOLATILE CUES; STEINERNEMATIDAE; POPULATIONS; HETERORHABDITIDAE; CONTACT AB Entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. We hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. Here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the influence of host infection status on long-range attraction to host volatile cues. The attraction response of 3 nematode species (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri and S. riobrave) with different foraging strategies to infected and uninfected insects (Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor) was tested at 24 h intervals from start of infection to emergence of infective juveniles from depleted host. As expected, based on their foraging strategies, S. carpocapsae was not very responsive to hosts, S. glaseri was highly responsive and S. riobrave was intermediate. Generally, the level of attraction did not change with time after infection and was similar between infected and uninfected hosts. An exception was S. glaseri infected T. molitor, which tended to be less attractive to S. glaseri than uninfected hosts. These results suggest that any influence of host infection status on infection behaviour is occurring at subsequent steps in the host-infection process than host attraction, or involves non-volatile cues. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, SAA SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 134 BP 729 EP 738 DI 10.1017/S0031182006001880 PN 5 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 174GY UT WOS:000246931400014 PM 17176490 ER PT J AU Framson, CMH LeLeiko, NS Dallal, GE Roubenoff, R Snelling, LK Dwyer, JT AF Framson, Christine M. Hardy LeLeiko, Neal S. Dallal, Gerard E. Roubenoff, Ronenn Snelling, Linda K. Dwyer, Johanna T. TI Energy expenditure in critically ill children SO PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pediatrics; energy expenditure; critical illness ID MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CHILDREN; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SUPPORT AB Objective. To assess the measured resting energy expenditure pattern over time in a group of critically ill children who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit and to determine whether a hypermetabolic response, i.e., > 10% above predicted, occurred in a pattern similar to that observed in adults. A secondary aim was to compare the accuracy of a newly derived prediction equation specific to the pediatric intensive care unit and the measured resting energy expenditure.. Design: A prospective, clinical, observational study. Setting., A pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care medical center. Patients: Forty-four children (29 males, 15 females) ages 2 wks to 17 yrs. Interventions. None. Measurements and Main Results. During the course of their stay in the pediatric intensive care unit, 44 patients' measured resting energy expenditure was assessed using indirect calorimetry 94 times at up to three time points. The first measurement was at a mean time of 25 +/- 10 (+/- SD) hrs after admission, the second at 73 +/- 16 hrs, and the third immediately before discharge, which occurred at a mean of 193 +/- 93 hrs after admission. Measured energy expenditure varied only slightly (7% to 10%) from the first to second and the second to third measurements. Evidence for hypermetabolism was not apparent Generally, the prediction equations performed well. Mean measured resting energy expenditure for all measurements was 821 +/- 653 kcals/24 hrs. The Schofield equation estimate was 798 +/- 595 kcals/24 hrs and the White equation estimate was 815 +/- 564 kcals/24 hrs (p = not significant). Nineteen (20%) measurements were > 110% above the age-appropriate Schofield-predicted equation, and 30 measurements (32%) were < 90% below that predicted by Schofield. Consequently, 45% of measured resting energy expenditure measurements were within 90% to 110% of that predicted by the Schofield equation. The White equation was inaccurate (not within 10% of measured resting energy expenditure) in 66 of 94 measurements (70%). The discrepancy was greatest (100%) in children with measured resting energy expenditure < 450 kcal/24 hrs. Conclusion: The hypermetabolic response apparent in adults was not evident in these critically ill children. Currently available prediction equations cannot substitute for indirect calorimetry measurement of energy expenditure in guiding nutritional support in pediatric intensive care units. C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr & Liver Dis, Providence, RI 02902 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Crit Care, Providence, RI USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human NUtr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Millennium Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Framson, CMH (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr & Liver Dis, Providence, RI 02902 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; leleiko, neal/0000-0001-7699-1400 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00054] NR 18 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1529-7535 J9 PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME JI Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 264 EP 267 DI 10.1097/01.PCC.0000262802.81164.03 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Pediatrics SC General & Internal Medicine; Pediatrics GA 171DE UT WOS:000246714300011 PM 17417117 ER PT J AU Cullen, AB Cooke, PH Driska, SP Wolfson, MR Shaffer, TH AF Cullen, Aaron B. Cooke, Peter H. Driska, Steven P. Wolfson, Maria R. Shaffer, Thomas H. TI Correlation of tracheal smooth muscle function with structure and protein expression during early development SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myosin heavy chain; neonate; sheep; smooth muscle cell ID HEAVY-CHAIN ISOFORMS; AIRWAY COLLAPSIBILITY; MATURATIONAL CHANGES; MYOSIN; FETAL; CONTRACTION; ADULT; LUNG; PIG; PRETERM AB With increased survival of premature infants, understanding the impact of development on airway function and structure is imperative. Airway smooth muscle plays a primary role in the modulation of airway function. The purpose of this study is to correlate the functional maturation of airway smooth muscle during the perinatal period with structural alterations at the cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular levels. Length-tension and dose-response analyses were performed on tracheal rings acquired from preterm and term newborn lambs. Subsequent structural analyses included isolated airway smooth muscle cell length, electron microscopy, and myosin heavy chain isoform expression measurements. Functionally the compliance, contractility, and agonist sensitivity of the tracheal rings matured during preterm to term development. Structurally, isolated cell lengths and electron microscopic ultrastructure were not significantly altered during perinatal development. However, expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms increased significantly across the age range analyzed, correlating with the maturational increase in smooth muscle contractility. In conclusion, the developmental alterations in tracheal function appear due, in part, to enhanced smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:421-432. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Alfred I DuPont Hosp Children, Neumours Res Lung Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Branch, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Shaffer, TH (reprint author), Alfred I DuPont Hosp Children, Neumours Res Lung Ctr, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. EM bgray@nemours.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR20173-01] NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1002/ppul.20494 PG 12 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 165ED UT WOS:000246285800002 PM 17436327 ER PT J AU Gillman, MW Barker, D Bier, D Cagampang, F Challis, J Fall, C Godfrey, K Gluckman, P Hanson, M Kuh, D Nathanielsz, P Nestel, P Thornburg, KL AF Gillman, Matthew W. Barker, David Bier, Dennis Cagampang, Felino Challis, John Fall, Caroline Godfrey, Keith Gluckman, Peter Hanson, Mark Kuh, Diana Nathanielsz, Peter Nestel, Penelope Thornburg, Kent L. TI Meeting Report on the 3rd International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FETAL-GROWTH RESTRICTION; PREGNANCY WEIGHT-GAIN; BREAST-CANCER RISK; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-SIZE; MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; CHILD ADIPOSITY AB Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) focuses on the earliest stages of human development, and provides a novel paradigm to complement other strategies for lifelong prevention of common chronic health conditions. The 3(rd) International Congress on DOHaD, held in 2005, retained the most popular features from the first two biannual Congresses, while adding a number of innovations, including increased emphasis on implications of DOHaD for the developing world; programs for trainees and young investigators; and new perspectives, including developmental plasticity, influences of social hierarchies, effects of prematurity, and populations in transition. Emerging areas of science included, first, the controversial role. of infant weight gain in predicting adult obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Second, in the era of epidemic obesity, pacing attention to the over-nourished fetus is as important as investigating the growth retarded one. Third, environmental toxins appear to have abroad range of long-lasting effects on the developing human. Fourth, epigenetic mechanisms could unite several strands of human and animal observations, and explain how genetically identical individuals raised in similar postnatal environments can nonetheless develop widely differing phenotypes. Improving the environment to which an individual is exposed during development may be as important as any other public health effort to enhance population health world wide. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Southampton, Div Dev Origins Hlth & Dis, Southampton SO16 5YA, Hants, England. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Southampton Gen Hosp, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 5YD, Hants, England. Univ Auckland, Liggins Inst, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Natl Res Ctr Growth & Dev, Auckland 1, New Zealand. UCL Royal Free & UCL Med Sch, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, MRC Natl Survey Hlth & Dev, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Heart Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Gillman, MW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM matthew_gillman@hms.harvard.edu RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Challis, John/E-7419-2014; OI Cagampang, Felino Ramon/0000-0003-4404-9853; Nathanielsz, Peter/0000-0001-8410-6280; Thornburg, Kent/0000-0002-5561-4785; Godfrey, Keith/0000-0002-4643-0618 FU Medical Research Council [G0400519, MC_U147585821, MC_U147585827, MC_UP_A620_1014]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K24 HL 068041]; NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD021350, R13 HD 051239]; Wellcome Trust NR 66 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 61 IS 5 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180459fcd PN 1 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 161HJ UT WOS:000246005100021 PM 17413866 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Shade, RE Shukle, RH Moar, WJ Muir, WM Murdock, LM Pittendrigh, BR AF Tarver, Matthew R. Shade, Richard E. Shukle, Richard H. Moar, William J. Muir, William M. Murdock, Larry M. Pittendrigh, Barry R. TI Pyramiding of insecticidal compounds for control of the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CIP-PH-Bt-J; Bt cry1a/1b; alpha-amylase inhibitor; avidin; artificial seeds; resistance management ID ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR; RESISTANT GERM PLASM; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PREDICTING DURABILITY; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SIMULATION-MODELS; BEAN/COWPEA CRSP; COLEOPTERA; WEEVIL; WHEAT AB The cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchini) is a major pest of stored cowpea grain. With limited available technologies for controlling the bruchid, transgenic cowpeas with bruchid resistance genes engineered into them could become the next management tools. An investigation was made of two different sets of potential transgenic insecticidal compounds using an artificial seed system: (i) CIP-PH-BT-J and recombinant egg white avidin, and (ii) avidin and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor. CIP-PH-BT-J (0.1%; 1000 mgkg(-1)) and recombinant egg white avidin (0.006%; 60 mgkg(-1)) incorporated separately into artificial seeds caused 98.2 and 99% larval mortality rates respectively. Combining CIP-PH-BT-J and avidin in the same artificial seed provided additional mortality compared with each factor incorporated singly; no insects survived in seeds with the combined toxins. Similarly, when avidin and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha AI) (1%; 10 g kg(-1)) were incorporated separately into artificial seeds, this caused 99.8 and 98% mortality respectively. However, in combination, avidin and alpha AI did not increase mortality, but they did cause a significant increase in developmental time of the cowpea bruchids. These results emphasize that the joint action of potential insecticidal compounds cannot be predicted from results obtained separately for each compound, and they suggest potential transgenes for further consideration. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. Purdue Univ, MPRINT, Mol Plant Resistance Insects & Nematodes Team, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Pittendrigh, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47901 USA. EM pittendr@purdue.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1002/ps.1343 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 163NT UT WOS:000246167400004 PM 17340671 ER PT J AU Li, YX Greenberg, SM Liu, TX AF Li, Yuan-Xi Greenberg, Shoil M. Liu, Tong-Xian TI Effect of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, non-Bt cotton and starvation on survival and development of Trichoplusia ni(Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia ni; Bollgard II cotton; non-Bt cotton; development survival ID HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; TRANSGENIC COTTON; INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; BERLINER; GROWTH AB Effects of Bollgard II (R) cotton containing two Bacillus thuringensis var. kurstaki Berliner (Bt) toxin proteins (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab), non-Bt cotton (DPL 491) and starvation on survival and development of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), were determined in the laboratory. Larvae of the first four larval instars died when they fed on the terminal leaves of Bt cotton plants at 50 days after planting (DAP). However, 51.3% of fifth instars that fed on 50 DAP Bt cotton leaves pupated, and 87.1% of the pupae successfully developed into adults. Of the unfed fifth instars (starved), 55.6% pupated and 88.1% of the pupae emerged. Pupae that developed from larvae fed on Bt cotton leaves and unfed were significantly smaller, being 89.7 and 73.2% of the weight of the pupae that developed from larvae fed on non-Bt cotton leaves. Leaves of 120 DAP Bt cotton were less toxic to T. ni larvae. When the first instars continuously fed on 120 DAP Bt cotton leaves, 75.9, 60.6, 56.4 and 38.4% of larvae survived to second, third, fourth and fifth instars respectively, and 20.9% pupated and 17.9% successfully became adults. However, it took the surviving first instars 37.1 days to become adults, which was 7.2 and 8.9 days longer than those fed on 50 and 120 DAP non-Bt cottons respectively. Pupae that developed from larvae that fed on 120 DAP Bt cotton leaves were only 50.9 and 52.6% of the weight of those developed from larvae that fed on 50 and 120 DAP non-Bt cotton respectively. Non-Bt cotton, both 50 and 120 DAP, did not exhibit significant effects on larval survival and development, except that the pupae in the 50 DAP non-Bt cotton treatments developed over a significantly longer time than those in the 120 DAP non-Bt cotton treatment. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Enteroviruses, Vegetable IPM Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, KSARC, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Enteroviruses, Vegetable IPM Lab, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1002/ps.1371 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 163NT UT WOS:000246167400009 PM 17421053 ER PT J AU Ordonez, ME Kolmer, JA AF Ordonez, M. E. Kolmer, J. A. TI Simple sequence repeat diversity of a worldwide collection of Puccinia triticina from durum wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population genetics; Triticum turgidum ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; F.SP TRITICI; RECONDITA; VIRULENCE; POPULATIONS; FUNGUS; INHERITANCE AB Isolates of Puccinia triticina collected from durum wheat from Argentina, Chile, Ethiopia, France, Mexico, Spain, and the United States were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in order to determine the genetic relationship among isolates. These isolates also were compared with P. triticina isolates from common wheat from North America, and an isolate collected from Aegilops speltoides from Israel, to determine genetic relationships among groups of P. triticina found on different telial hosts. The large majority of isolates from durum wheat were identical for SSR markers or had < 8% genetic dissimilarity, except for isolates from Ethiopia, which had 55% dissimilarity with respect to the other durum isolates. Isolates from common wheat had > 70% genetic dissimilarity from isolates from durum wheat, and the isolate from A. speltoides was > 90% dissimilar from all isolates tested. Analysis of molecular variance tests showed significant levels (P = 0.001) of genetic differentiation among regions and among isolates within countries. Isolates of P. triticina from durum wheat from South America, North America, and Europe were closely related based on SSR genotypes, suggesting a recent common ancestor, whereas P. triticina from Ethiopia, common wheat, and A. speltoides each had distinct SSR genotypes, which suggested different origins. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 56 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-5-0574 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159MH UT WOS:000245869500005 PM 18943576 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Stack, RW Friesen, TL Faris, JD AF Kumar, S. Stack, R. W. Friesen, T. L. Faris, J. D. TI Identification of a novel fusarium head blight resistance quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7A in tetraploid wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; SCAB; QTL; MICROSATELLITE; BARLEY; REGION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of durum (Triticum trugidum sp. durum) and common wheat (T. aestivum). Promising sources of FHB resistance have been identified among common (hexaploid) wheats, but the same is not true for durum (tetraploid) wheats. A previous study indicated that chromosome 7A from T. turgidum sp. dicoccoides accession PI478742 contributed significant levels of resistance to FHB. The objectives of this research were to develop a genetic linkage map of chromosome 7A in a population of 118 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum cv. Langdon (LDN) and a disomic LDN-T turgidum sp. dicoccoides PI478742 chromosome 7A substitution line [LDN-DIC 7A(742)], and identify a putative FHB resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 7A derived from LDN-DIC 7A(742). The population was evaluated for type II FHB resistance in three greenhouse environments. Interval regression analysis indicated that a single QTL designated Qfhs.fcu-7AL explained 19% of the phenotypic variation and spanned an interval of 39.6 cM. Comparisons between the genetic map and a previously constructed physical map of chromosome 7A indicated that Qfhs.fcu-7AL is located in the proximal region of the long arm. This is only the second FHB QTL to be identified in a tetraploid source, and it may be useful to combine it with the QTL Qfhs.ndsu-3AS in order to develop durum wheat germ plasm and cultivars with higher levels of FHB resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-5-0592 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159MH UT WOS:000245869500007 PM 18943578 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, GJ Levesque, CA de Cock, AWAM Duchaine, C Briere, S Uribe, P Martin, FN Hamelin, RC AF Bilodeau, G. J. Levesque, C. A. de Cock, A. W. A. M. Duchaine, C. Briere, S. Uribe, P. Martin, F. N. Hamelin, R. C. TI Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan, SYBR Green, and molecular beacons SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; CAUSAL AGENT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MULTIPLEX PCR; 1ST REPORT; CALIFORNIA; SPP. AB Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, is a severe disease that affects many species of trees and shrubs. This pathogen is spreading rapidly and quarantine measures are currently in place to prevent dissemination to areas that were previously free of the pathogen. Molecular assays that rapidly detect and identify P. ramorum frequently fail to reliably distinguish between P. ramorum and closely related species. To overcome this problem and to provide additional assays to increase confidence, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin, and elicitin gene regions were sequenced and searched for polymorphisms in a collection of Phytophthora spp. Three different reporter technologies were compared: molecular beacons, TaqMan, and SYBR Green. The assays differentiated P. ramorum from the 65 species of Phytophthora tested. The assays developed were also used with DNA extracts from 48 infected and uninfected plant samples. All environmental samples from which P. ramorum was isolated by PARP-V8 were detected using all three real-time PCR assays. However, 24% of the samples yielded positive real-time PCR assays but no P ramorum cultures, but sequence analysis of the coxI and II spacer region confirmed the presence of the pathogen in most samples. The assays based on detection of the ITS and elicitin regions using TaqMan tended to have lower cycle threshold values than those using beta-tubulin and seemed to be more sensitive. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Natl Program Environm Hlth Biodivers, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Laval, Dept Biochim & Microbiol, Alexandre Vachon, PQ, Canada. Ctr Rech Hop Laval, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4G5, Canada. CFIA, Ctr Plant Quarant Pests, Pest DNA Diagnost Lab, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hamelin, RC (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, POB 3800,1055 PEPS, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM rhamelin@cfl.forestry.ca NR 62 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 632 EP 642 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-5-0632 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159MH UT WOS:000245869500012 PM 18943583 ER PT J AU Zhou, GK Zhong, RQ Himmelsbach, DS McPhail, BT Ye, ZH AF Zhou, Gong-Ke Zhong, Ruiqin Himmelsbach, David S. McPhail, Brooks T. Ye, Zheng-Hua TI Molecular characterization of PoGT8D and PoGT43B, two secondary wall-associated glycosyltransferases in poplar SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glucuronoxylan; glycosyltransferase; poplar; secondary wall synthesis ID REDUCING END-GROUPS; HYBRID ASPEN; XYLAN; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-FRAGILE-FIBER8 AB Dicot wood is mainly composed of cellulose, lignin and glucuronoxylan (GX). Although the biosynthetic genes for cellulose and lignin have been studied intensively, little is known about the genes involved in the biosynthesis of GX during wood formation. Here, we report the molecular characterization of two genes, PoGT8D and PoGT43B, which encode putative glycosyltransferases, in the hybrid poplar Populus alba x tremula. The predicted amino acid sequences of PoGT8D and PoGT43B exhibit 89 and 75% similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana IRREGULAR XYLEM8 (IRX8) and IRX9, respectively, both of which have been shown to be required for GX biosynthesis. The PoGT8D and PoGT43B genes were found to be expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, including the primary xylem, secondary xylem and phloem fibers in stems, and the secondary xylem in roots. Both PoGT8D and PoGT43B are predicted to be type II membrane proteins and shown to be targeted to Golgi. Overexpression of PoGT43B in the ivx9 mutant was able to rescue the defects in plant size and secondary wall thickness and partially restore the xylose content. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PoGT8D and PoGT43B are Golgi-localized, secondary wall-associated proteins, and PoGT43B is a functional ortholog of IRX9 involved in GX biosynthesis during wood formation. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu NR 32 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcm037 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 178SM UT WOS:000247240400003 PM 17379696 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD North, MP Gray, AN Zald, HSJ AF Meyer, Marc D. North, Malcolm P. Gray, Andrew N. Zald, Harold S. J. TI Influence of soil thickness on stand characteristics in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE forest regeneration; refraction seismic method; soil moisture; soil temperature ID WEATHERED GRANITIC BEDROCK; MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE; ARCTOSTAPHYLOS-PATULA; TREE REGENERATION; PINUS-JEFFREYI; WATER-CONTENT; VEGETATION; GROWTH; FIR; RED AB Soil thickness can be an important factor influencing vegetation, yet few spatially-explicit studies have examined soil horizon thickness and vegetation composition in summer-drought forests. We compared seismic and soil penetration measurements of combined A + C and Cr horizon thickness, soil moisture and temperature, and stand variables in a contiguous 4-ha mixed-conifer stand of the Sierra Nevada. Thickness of A + C and Cr horizons were highly variable but were not correlated to each other. Total basal area and canopy cover were positively related with A + C horizon thickness, and shrub cover was positively related with Cr horizon thickness. Basal area of white fir [Abies concolor (Gord and Glend) Lindl.] and incense-cedar [Calocedrus decurrens (Torrey) Florin] were positively correlated with A + C horizon thickness, but there was no relationship between A + C or Cr horizon thickness and basal area of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.), sugar pine (P. lambertiana Douglas), or red fir (A. magnifica A. Murray). Both white and red fir seedlings were associated with decreased soil temperature, but only white fir seedlings were positively associated with soil moisture. Soil penetration estimates of soil thickness were similar to seismic estimates for shallow soils (< 50 cm depth) but were poorly related on deeper soils. Visual surface conditions and tile probe estimates of soil thickness can be highly misleading because 'shallow' areas may have a thick layer of weathered bedrock that can serve as a potential rooting medium for deep-rooted trees and shrubs. In our study only the refraction seismic method had the potential to measure total soil depth that included A + C and Cr horizon thickness. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mdmeyer@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2007 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9235-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 169TS UT WOS:000246615300010 ER PT J AU Bradley, KL Hancock, JE Giardina, CP Pregitzer, KS AF Bradley, Kate L. Hancock, Jessica E. Giardina, Christian P. Pregitzer, Kurt S. TI Soil microbial community responses to altered lignin biosynthesis in Populus tremuloides vary among three distinct soils SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE extracellular enzymes; fungi; microbial community; NLFA; PLFA; transgenic aspen ID EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITY; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; GENETIC MODIFICATIONS; FATTY-ACIDS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; TRANSGENIC TREES; ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS; TEMPERATE; GROWTH AB The development and use of transgenic plants has steadily increased, but there are still little data about the responses of soil microorganisms to these genetic modifications. We utilized a greenhouse trial approach to evaluate the effects of altered stem lignin in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) on soil microbial communities in three soils which differed in their chemical and physical properties; they included a sandy loam (CO-Colorado), a silt loam (KS-Kansas), and a clay loam (TX-Texas). Three transgenic aspen lines were developed from a natural clone common to the Great Lakes region of North America. The concentrations of stem lignin concentrations were reduced by 35% (Line 23), 40% (Line 141) and 50% (Line 72). Line 72 and Line 141 also had a 40 and 20% increase in syringyl-type stem lignin, respectively. Indirectly, these modifications resulted in increased (5-13%) and decreased (-5 to -57%) levels of root production across the lines and soil types. Responses of the soil microbial communities were investigated using: phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA), and 3) extracellular enzyme assays. PLFA analyses indicated that there were large differences in microbial community composition between the three soils. Similarly, there were large differences in total NLFA between soils, with the KS soils having the highest amount and CO the lowest. Enzyme activities did not differ between soils, except for cellubiohydrolase, which was highest in CO soil. Across all three soils, responses to the four genetic lines were not consistent. Interactions between soil type and genetic line make it difficult to assess the potential ecological impacts of transgenic aspen on soil microbial communities and their associated functions. Given these interactions, field trials with transgenic aspen should encompass the wide range of soils targeted for commercial planting in order to determine their effect(s) on the resident soil microbial community. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Scu, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, PSW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bradley, KL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Scu, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM klbradle@mtu.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2007 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9246-0 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 169TS UT WOS:000246615300016 ER PT J AU Sarkhot, DV Comerford, NB Jokela, EJ Reeves, JB AF Sarkhot, D. V. Comerford, N. B. Jokela, E. J. Reeves, J. B., III TI Effects of forest management intensity on carbon and nitrogen content in different soil size fractions of a North Florida Spodosol SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; DRIFTS; fertilization and chemical weed control; intensive silviculture loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; size fractionation ID LOBLOLLY-PINE STANDS; COMPLETE COMPETITION CONTROL; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; CULTIVATION SEQUENCE; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHEASTERN USA AB Pine plantations of the southeastern USA are regional carbon (C) sinks. In spite of large increases in woody biomass due to advanced growing systems, studies have shown little or even negative effects on the C content of the extremely sandy soils of this region. Hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms that determine the impact of intensive forest management on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. This study was conducted to examine the C profile in a 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation managed under two levels of management intensity (chemical understory control and fertilizer inputs). Soil organic C and nitrogen (N) pools were evaluated using two size fractionation methods, dry and wet sieving (2000-250 mu m, 250-150 mu m, 150-53 mu m and < 53 mu m). Dry sieving was preferred over wet sieving for soil size fractionation, as it preserved more structure and water-soluble SOC components such as esters and amides and did not affect the N distribution. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) spectra were used to examine the chemical composition of the size fractions, which showed the presence of recently added organic matter in the largest sand fraction, as well as more decomposed organic matter in the < 53 mu m fraction. Intensive forest management reduced SOC in all three 2000-53 mu m fractions, most likely due to reduced root input of understory plants that were controlled using herbicides. The 2000-250 mu m fractions contained nearly half of the total SOC and showed a 23% decrease in C content due to the intensive management regime. Results from this study indicated the significance and responsiveness of sand size SOC fractions in Florida Spodosols. Results also showed that reductions in SOC due to intensive management occurred after four years and highlighted the need to understand the long-term impacts and the mechanisms responsible. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jokela, EJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ejokela@ufl.edu OI Sarkhot, Deoyani/0000-0003-1038-4063 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2007 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9255-z PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 169TS UT WOS:000246615300023 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Cooper, LD Hayes, PM Lemaux, PG Singh, J Sturbaum, AK AF Bregitzer, Phil Cooper, Laurel D. Hayes, Patrick M. Lemaux, Peggy G. Singh, Jaswinder Sturbaum, Anne K. TI Viability and bar expression are negatively correlated in Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant hybrids SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bar; Hordeum vulgare L.; phosphinothricin acetyltransferase; transgenic barley ID HIGH-VELOCITY MICROPROJECTILES; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; MAIZE CELLS; PLANTS; FERTILE; GENOME; INHERITANCE AB The expression level of bar, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), was correlated with the inviability of barley hybrids between 20 Golden Promise-derived transgenic lines (Ds-bar lines) and a specialized genetic marker stock, Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant (OWBD). Each Ds-bar line was homozygous for a modified maize Ds element that encoded bar and that had been delivered via transposition to a unique location. All Ds-bar lines were viable and morphologically similar. Only four of the 20 hybrid populations were viable. The remaining populations died prior to producing seed. Phenotypic, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses of these lines, and of lines from unrelated transformation events that also expressed bar, showed that viability was negatively correlated with bar expression. Analysis of crosses of a high-bar-expressing line with the OWB mapping population showed that the sensitivity of OWBD to PAT segregated as a single locus on chromosome 6HL. No sensitivity to PAT could be detected in several other lines and cultivars. OWBD has been shown to be genetically divergent from other germplasm groups within cultivated barley; therefore, the observed sensitivity may be peculiar to OWBD and thus would not impact generally on the utility of bar as a selectable marker or source of herbicide resistance in barley. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate the extent of allelic variability present in Hordeum vulgare, and suggest an additional variable for consideration when devising protocols for the transformation of Hordeum cultivars or landraces that are not known to be tolerant to PAT. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00247.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 156JH UT WOS:000245643500002 PM 17359497 ER PT J AU Tzvetkova-Chevolleau, T Hutin, C Noel, LD Goforth, R Carde, JP Caffarri, S Sinning, I Groves, M Teulon, JM Hoffman, NE Henry, R Havaux, M Nussaume, L AF Tzvetkova-Chevolleau, Tzvetelina Hutin, Claire Noel, Laurent D. Goforth, Robyn Carde, Jean-Pierre Caffarri, Stephano Sinning, Irmgard Groves, Matthew Teulon, Jean-Marie Hoffman, Neil E. Henry, Ralph Havaux, Michel Nussaume, Laurent TI Canonical signal recognition particle components can be bypassed for posttranslational protein targeting in chloroplasts SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL PROTEINS; LIGHT-INDUCED PROTEINS; A/B-BINDING PROTEINS; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; MUTANTS LACKING; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; HOMOLOG; INTEGRATION; BIOGENESIS AB The chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) and its receptor (cpFtsy) target proteins both cotranslationally and posttranslationally to the thylakoids. This dual function enables cpSRP to utilize its posttranslational activities for targeting a family of nucleus-encoded light-harvesting chlorophyll binding proteins (LHCPs), the most abundant membrane proteins in plants. Previous in vitro experiments indicated an absolute requirement for all cpSRP pathway soluble components. In agreement, a cpFtsY mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits a severe chlorotic phenotype resulting from a massive loss of LHCPs. Surprisingly, a double mutant, cpftsy cpsrp54, recovers to a great extent from the chlorotic cpftsy phenotype. This establishes that in plants, a new alternative pathway exists that can bypass cpSRP posttranslational targeting activities. Using a mutant form of cpSRP43 that is unable to assemble with cpSRP54, we complemented the cpSRP43-deficient mutant and found that this subunit is required for the alternative pathway. Along with the ability of cpSRP43 alone to bind the ALBIN03 translocase required for LHCP integration, our results indicate that cpSRP43 has developed features to function independently of cpSRP54/cpFtsY in targeting LHCPs to the thylakoid membranes. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 2, Inst Biol Environm & Biotechnol, Direct Sci Vivant, Serv BV&ME,CEA Cadarache,CNRS CEA,UMR 6191, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. INRA, Ctr Bordeaux, Inst Biol Vegetale Mol, UMR 619,Biol Fruit,Plateform Imagerie Inst FR 103, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Biochem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Commissariat Energie Atom Valrho, Direct Sci Vivant, Inst Biol Environm & Biotechnol, Serv Biochim Post Genom & Toxicol Nucl, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Environm Risk Anal Div, Biotechnol Regulat Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Nussaume, L (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, Inst Biol Environm & Biotechnol, Direct Sci Vivant, Serv BV&ME,CEA Cadarache,CNRS CEA,UMR 6191, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM lnussaume@cea.fr RI Sinning, Irmgard/A-2982-2010; NOEL, Laurent/A-4885-2009; OI NOEL, Laurent/0000-0002-0110-1423; Groves, Matthew/0000-0001-9859-5177; Caffarri, Stefano/0000-0002-4729-7679 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-15569, P20 RR015569] NR 48 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1648 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.048959 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 185PA UT WOS:000247721700016 PM 17513500 ER PT J AU Adie, BAT Perez-Perez, J Perez-Perez, MM Godoy, M Sanchez-Serrano, JJ Schmelz, EA Solano, R AF Adie, Bruce A. T. Perez-Perez, Julian Perez-Perez, Manuel M. Godoy, Marta Sanchez-Serrano, Jose-J. Schmelz, Eric A. Solano, Roberto TI ABA is an essential signal for plant resistance to pathogens affecting JA biosynthesis and the activation of defenses in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED DISEASE RESISTANCE; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; SALICYLIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; NECROTROPHIC PATHOGENS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NONHOST RESISTANCE; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE AB Analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana defense response to the damping-off oomycete pathogen Pythium irregulare show that resistance to P. irregulare requires a multicomponent defense strategy. Penetration represents a first layer, as indicated by the susceptibility of pen2 mutants, followed by recognition, likely mediated by ERECTA receptor-like kinases. Subsequent signaling of inducible defenses is predominantly mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), with insensitive coil mutants showing extreme susceptibility. In contrast with the generally accepted roles of ethylene and salicylic acid cooperating with or antagonizing, respectively, JA in the activation of defenses against necrotrophs, both are required to prevent disease progression, although much less so than JA. Meta-analysis of transcriptome profiles confirmed the predominant role of JA in activation of P. irregulare-induced defenses and uncovered abscisic acid (ABA) as an important regulator of defense gene expression. Analysis of cis-regulatory sequences also revealed an unexpected overrepresentation of ABA response elements in promoters of P. irregulare-responsive genes. Subsequent infections of ABA-related and callose-deficient mutants confirmed the importance of ABA in defense, acting partly through an undescribed mechanism. The results support a model for ABA affecting JA biosynthesis in the activation of defenses against this oomycete. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet & Mol Plantas, Madrid 28049, Spain. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Solano, R (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet & Mol Plantas, Campus Univ Autonoma, Madrid 28049, Spain. EM rsolano@cnb.uam.es RI Sanchez Serrano, Jose/H-6955-2015; OI Sanchez Serrano, Jose/0000-0002-4489-4785; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X; Solano, Roberto/0000-0001-5459-2417 NR 80 TC 369 Z9 403 U1 10 U2 114 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1681 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.048041 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 185PA UT WOS:000247721700018 PM 17513501 ER PT J AU Woodruff, DR McCulloh, KA Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B AF Woodruff, David R. McCulloh, Katherine A. Warren, Jeffrey M. Meinzer, Frederick C. Lachenbruch, Barbara TI Impacts of tree height on leaf hydraulic architecture and stomatal control in Douglas-fir SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; growth limitation; leaf hydraulic conductance; stomatal conductance; water stress ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; WATER TRANSPORT; TROPICAL FOREST; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SAP FLOW; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DYNAMIC CHANGES; PONDEROSA PINE; STORED WATER; TALL TREES AB This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of stomatal closure in Douglas-fir and evaluated the potential impact of compensatory adjustments in response to increasing tree height upon these mechanisms. In the laboratory, we measured leaf hydraulic conductance (K-leaf) as leaf water potential (Psi(l)) declined for comparison with in situ diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance (g(s)) and Psi(l) in Douglas-fir across a height gradient, allowing us to infer linkages between diurnal changes in K-leaf and g(s). A recently developed timed rehydration technique was used in conjunction with data from pressure-volume curves to develop hydraulic vulnerability curves for needles attached to small twigs. Laboratory-measured K-leaf declined with increasing leaf water stress and was substantially reduced at Psi(l) values of -1.34, -1.45, -1.56 and -1.92 MPa for foliage sampled at mean heights of approximately 20, 35, 44 and 55 m, respectively. In situ g(s) measurements showed that stomatal closure was initiated at Psi(l) values of -1.21, -1.36, -1.74 and -1.86 MPa along the height gradient, which was highly correlated with Psi(l) values at loss of K-leaf. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that relative abundances of embolized tracheids in the central vein increased with increasing leaf water stress. Leaf embolism appeared to be coupled to changes in g(s) and might perform a vital function in stomatal regulation of plant water status and water transport in conifers. The observed trends in g(s) and K-leaf in response to changes in Psi(l) along a height gradient suggest that the foliage at the tops of tall trees is capable of maintaining stomatal conductance at more negative Psi(l). This adaptation may allow taller trees to continue to photosynthesize during periods of greater water stress. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Woodruff, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Ave, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.woodruff@oregonstate.edu RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 56 TC 68 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01652.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 153EP UT WOS:000245415100004 PM 17407534 ER PT J AU Tobias, DJ Manoharan, M Pritsch, C Dahleen, LS AF Tobias, Dennis J. Manoharan, Muthusamy Pritsch, Clara Dahleen, Lynn S. TI Co-bombardment, integration and expression of rice chitinase and thaumatin-like protein genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Conlon) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; PR-proteins; transgene expression; transgene silencing ID TRANSGENIC WHEAT PLANTS; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; SHEATH BLIGHT; FUNGAL GROWTH; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; TOBACCO; METHYLATION AB Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins associated with degradation of structural components of pathogenic filamentous fungi were overexpressed in the two-rowed malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Conlon. Transgenes were introduced by co-bombardment with two plasmids, one carrying a rice (Oryza sativa L.) chitinase gene (chi11) and another carrying a rice thaumatin-like protein gene (tlp). Each gene was under the control of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi1) promoter. Fifty-eight primary transformants from three independent transformation events were regenerated. T-1 plants with high rice chi11 and tlp protein expression levels were advanced to identify T-2 homozygotes by herbicide spray and subjected to further molecular analyses. T-3 progeny from one event (E2) had stable integration and expression of the rice chi11 and tlp while those from the other events (E1 and E3) showed stable integration only of tlp. The successful production of these lines overexpressing the antifungal chi and tlp proteins provides materials to test the effects of these genes on a variety of fungal diseases that attack barley and to serve as potential additional sources of disease resistance. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. Univ Repobl, Fac Agron, Dept Biol Vegetal, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dahleenl@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 EI 1432-203X J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 631 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s00299-006-0263-x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 162PM UT WOS:000246100100010 PM 17103003 ER PT J AU Babcock, C Dugan, FM Chen, XM Goates, B Crous, PW Green, PN AF Babcock, Carolyn Dugan, Frank M. Chen, Xianming Goates, Blair Crous, Pedro W. Green, Peter N. TI A user's guide to key genetic resources for plant pathology SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COLLECTION; TAXONOMY; CANADA; HUMANS; COMMON; FUNGI C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NCIMB Ltd, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Collect Fungal Cultures, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Centraalbur voor Schimmelcultures, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@wsu.edu RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0476 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200001 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Correa-Victoria, F McClung, A Zhu, L Liu, G Wamishe, Y Xie, J Marchetti, MA Pinson, SRM Rutger, JN Correll, JC AF Jia, Y. Correa-Victoria, F. McClung, A. Zhu, L. Liu, G. Wamishe, Y. Xie, J. Marchetti, M. A. Pinson, S. R. M. Rutger, J. N. Correll, J. C. TI Rapid determination of rice cultivar responses to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani using a micro-chamber screening method SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa ID RESISTANCE; DISEASE; LINES; YIELD; QTLS AB An accurate greenhouse screening method has not been developed previously to identify host response to sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn that causes significant economic losses in rice yield worldwide. The unavailability of a robust screening system in the greenhouse has made it difficult to quantify disease reactions to R. solani, and has hampered studies on the genetics of resistance and plant breeding efforts to improve resistance. In an effort to develop a standardized laboratory micro-chamber screening method to quantify resistance to R. solani in rice, five rice cultivars, representing a wide range of observed disease reactions under field conditions, were examined in a blind inoculation test at three locations (Arkansas, Texas, and Colombia). Rice seedlings were inoculated at the three- to four-leaf stage with potato dextrose agar plugs containing mycelium and then covered with a 2- or 3-liter transparent plastic bottle for maintaining high humidity after inoculation. Two cultivars, Jasmine 85 and Lemont, that consistently have shown the highest and lowest levels of resistance, respectively, in previous field and greenhouse studies, were used as standards. Concurrent field experiments in Arkansas and Texas also were performed to compare the greenhouse disease ratings with those observed under field conditions. Overall, the relative disease ratings of the seven test cultivars were consistent between test locations and with field evaluations. Thus, the micro-chamber screening method can be used as an effective approach to accurately quantify resistance to the sheath blight pathogen under controlled greenhouse conditions and should help expedite the selection process to improve resistance to this important pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Int Ctr Trop Agr, Cali AA 6713, Colombia. USDA ARS, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Jiangxi Acad Agr Sci, Nanchang 330200, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 42 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0485 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200002 ER PT J AU Damicone, JP Edelson, JV Sherwood, JL Myers, LD Motes, JE AF Damicone, J. P. Edelson, J. V. Sherwood, J. L. Myers, L. D. Motes, J. E. TI Effects of border crops and intercrops on control of cucurbit virus diseases SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID APHID-BORNE VIRUSES; RESISTANCE; WATERMELON; POTYVIRUS; SPREAD; SQUASH AB In five field trials over 3 years, control of aphid-transmitted, nonpersistent virus diseases on pumpkin, caused mostly by the potyviruses Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Papaya ringspot virus type-W (PRSV-W), was achieved by intercropping with grain sorghum, as opposed to clean tillage. Reductions in disease incidence ranged from 43 to 96% (P < 0.05). Surrounding, pumpkin plots with borders of peanut, soybean, or corn was not effective. Borders of grain sorghum were effective, but disease control was generally less than for the intercrop treatment. Intercropping soybean and peanut with pumpkin reduced disease incidence by 27 to 60% (P <= 0.05), but disease control generally was less than for grain sorghum. Peak periods of alate aphid immigration generally preceded virus disease outbreaks by 7 to 14 days. However, alate landing rates, as measured in green tile traps, did not differ among treatments. Marketable yield was not increased by the intercrop treatments, and yield was reduced by up to 50% for the intercrop treatment with grain sorghum in two trials. The use of grass-selective herbicide applied along pumpkin rows, reduced seeding rates of the intercrops, or mowing did not alleviate the adverse effects of competition between pumpkin and the grain sorghum intercrop on yield. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Damicone, JP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM john.damicone@okstate.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0509 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200006 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Murphy, JP AF Cowger, Christina Murphy, J. Paul TI Artificial inoculation of wheat for selecting resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cereals; principal component analysis ID SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SEED; CULTIVARS; INFECTION; TRITICI; GROWTH; STAGE AB In the eastern United States, natural epidemics of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) are not consistently severe enough to facilitate substantial progress in breeding moderately resistant cultivars of soft red winter wheat. We compared three artificial inoculation methods to natural inoculum in a field experiment involving seven wheat (Triticum oestivum) cultivars with varying levels of SNB resistance. Artificial inoculation methods were: Phaeosphaeria nodorum conidia applied by atomization to three- to four-leaf wheat in early winter, P nodorum conidia applied by atomization at boot stage in late spring, and P. nodorum-infected wheat straw applied in early winter. The experiment was conducted at Kinston and Plymouth, NC, in 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006, and all treatments had three replicates. Percent diseased canopy was assessed and comparisons were made using disease severity at a single date (early to soft dough stage) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The relative resistance level of cultivars was ccnsistent across sites, years, and inoculum methods, although the rankings of moderately susceptible and susceptible cultivars were sometimes switched. On average, late spores and straw caused significantly more disease than early spores or natural inoculum (P <= 0.05). Biplot analysis indicated that all artificial methods had a higher mean capacity to discriminate among cultivars than did natural inoculum (P <= 0.05). On average, artificial inoculation increased the capacity of environments to separate wheat cultivars by SNB resistance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Crop Sci Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM christina_cowger@ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0539 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200010 ER PT J AU Domier, LL Steinlage, TA Hobbs, HA Wang, Y Herrera-Rodriguez, G Haudenshield, JS McCoppin, NK Hartman, GL AF Domier, Leslie L. Steinlage, Todd A. Hobbs, Houston A. Wang, Yi Herrera-Rodriguez, Gabriel Haudenshield, James S. McCoppin, Nancy K. Hartman, Glen L. TI Similarities in seed and aphid transmission among soybean mosaic virus isolates SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE posttranscriptional gene silencing ID HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; VIRAL DETERMINANTS; PLANT-VIRUSES; PEA EMBRYO; POTYVIRUS; SUPPRESSION; STRAIN; GENES; COAT AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is an aphid- and seed-transmitted virus that infects soybean (Glycine max) plants and causes significant yield losses. Seed-borne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections. The strain specificity of SMV transmission through seed and SMV-induced seed-coat mottling were investigated in field experiments. Six soybean plant introductions (PIs) were inoculated with eight SMV strains and isolates. Transmission of SMV through seed ranged from 0 to 43%, and isolate-by-soybean line interactions occurred in both transmission rates and percentages of mottled seeds. For example, SMV 746 was transmitted through 43% of seed in PI 229324, but was not transmitted through seed of PIs 68522, 68671, or 86449. In contrast, SMV 413 was transmitted through seed from all PIs. SMVs that were transmitted poorly by the Asian soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, also were transmitted poorly through seed. No predicted amino acid sequences within the helper-component protease or coat protein coding regions differentiated the two groups of SMV strains. The loss of aphid and seed transmissibility by repeated mechanical transmission suggests that constant selection pressure is needed to maintain the regions of the SMV genome controlling the two phenotypes from genetic drift and loss of function. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. IPN, Ctr Interdisciplinario Invest Desarrollo Integral, Unidad Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ldomier@uiuc.edu NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0546 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200011 ER PT J AU Larsen, JE Hollingsworth, CR Flor, J Dornbusch, MR Simpson, NL Samac, DA AF Larsen, J. E. Hollingsworth, C. R. Flor, J. Dornbusch, M. R. Simpson, N. L. Samac, D. A. TI Distribution of Phoma sclerotioides on alfalfa and winter wheat crops in the north central United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Lolium perenne; Triticum aestivum; winterkill ID BROWN ROOT-ROT; FUNGAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; PCR; USA AB Brown root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), caused by Phoma sclerotioides, has been reported in several states in the northern United States and in western Canada. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of the fungus in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Isolates of the pathogen were recovered from roots of alfalfa, winter wheat, and perennial ryegrass plants. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S, and ITS2 of the rDNA of the isolates from alfalfa and wheat were identical and matched the sequences of a P. sclerotioides isolate from Wyoming. The fungus was found to be widespread in both states and was detected in roots of alfalfa plants from 17 counties in Minnesota and 14 counties in Wisconsin using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. A real-time PCR assay was developed that increased sensitivity of detecting the pathogen from plant tissues and soil. The isolates from alfalfa caused disease on inoculated winter wheat plants. Although the fungus was previously found associated with roots of diseased cereal and turfgrass plants, this is the first demonstration of pathogenicity of P. sclerotioides on wheat. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dasamac@umn.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0551 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200012 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA Copes, WE Toda, T Cubeta, MA AF Rinehart, T. A. Copes, W. E. Toda, T. Cubeta, M. A. TI Genetic characterization of binucleate Rhizoctonia species causing web blight on azalea in Mississippi and Alabama SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Ceratobasidium; rhododendron ID SPP. CAUSING ROOT; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; STEM ROT; SYSTEMATICS AB Web blight on containerized azalea is an annual problem for commercial nurseries during summer months in the southern United States. Losses to web blight are associated with the cost of fungicide applications, delayed marketing of diseased plants, and plant death. Two hundred and eleven isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia were recovered from azalea leaves with web blight symptoms from two nurseries in Mississippi and Alabama over 3 years. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was sequenced from all isolates to determine genetic identity. A single anastomosis group (AG) of binucleate Rhizoctonia represented 92% of the samples collected from infected leaves. Genetic data and hyphal fusion experiments confirmed that these isolates belong to AG-U, which was recently identified from root and stem infections on miniature rose in Japan. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonging to anastomosis groups AG-R, CAG-7 (=AG-S), and AG-G were also identified in the sample in low frequency. This is the first report of the occurrence of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-U in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM trinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 616 EP 623 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0616 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200021 ER PT J AU Nischwitz, C Maas, AL Mullis, SW Culbreath, AK Gitaitis, RD AF Nischwitz, C. Maas, A. L. Mullis, S. W. Culbreath, A. K. Gitaitis, R. D. TI First report of Peanut mottle virus in forage peanut (Arachis glabrata) in North America. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Nischwitz, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 632 EP 632 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0632A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200028 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Sears, JL AF Liu, H-Y. Sears, J. L. TI First report of Pelargonium zonate spot virus from tomato in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 633 EP 633 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0633B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200032 ER PT J AU Schwingle, BW Juzwik, J Eggers, J Moltzan, B AF Schwingle, B. W. Juzwik, J. Eggers, J. Moltzan, B. TI Phytophthora species in soils associated with declining and nondeclining oaks in Missouri forests. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Schwingle, BW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 633 EP 633 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0633A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200031 ER PT J AU Hanna, JW Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS AF Hanna, J. W. Klopfenstein, N. B. Kim, M-S. TI First report of the root-rot pathogen, Armillaria nabsnona, from Hawaii. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA Forest Serv, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Hanna, JW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 634 EP 634 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0634B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200035 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Leiner, RH Krohn, AL Deahl, KL AF Winton, L. M. Leiner, R. H. Krohn, A. L. Deahl, K. L. TI Occurrence of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans on potato and tomato in Alaska. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res & Extens Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 634 EP 634 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0634A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200034 ER PT J AU Deadman, ML Al Maqbali, Y Al Subhi, A Al Yahyai, R Al Sa'di, A Aime, MC AF Deadman, M. L. Al Maqbali, Y. Al Subhi, A. Al Yahyai, R. Al Sa'di, A. Aime, M. C. TI First report of rust caused by Tranzschelia discolor on peach in Oman. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Deadman, ML (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 34, Al Khoud 123, Oman. RI Al-Yahyai, Rashid/B-9273-2011; Al-Sadi, Abdullah/D-6766-2012 OI Al-Yahyai, Rashid/0000-0002-5717-4613; Al-Sadi, Abdullah/0000-0002-3419-8268 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 BP 638 EP 638 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0638B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159JZ UT WOS:000245863200047 ER PT J AU Qiu, QS Hardin, SC Mace, J Brutnell, TP Huber, SC AF Qiu, Quan-Sheng Hardin, Shane C. Mace, Jacob Brutnell, Thomas P. Huber, Steven C. TI Light and metabolic signals control the selective degradation of sucrose synthase in maize leaves during deetiolation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-INHIBITION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; SOURCE TRANSITION; HYPOCOTYL GROWTH; PHYTOCHROME-A; BLUE-LIGHT; PHOSPHORYLATION; ROLES; PROTEOLYSIS AB The content and activity of Suc (Suc) synthase (SUS) protein is high in sink organs but low in source organs. In this report, we examined light and metabolic signals regulating SUS protein degradation in maize (Zea mays) leaves during deetiolation. We found that SUS protein accumulated in etiolated leaves of the dark-grown seedlings but was rapidly degraded upon exposure to white, blue, or red light. This occurred concurrent with the accumulation of photosynthetic enzymes, such as Rubisco and Rubisco activase, and enzymes of Suc biosynthesis such as Suc-phosphate synthase. Deetiolation- induced SUS degradation was not inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, neither full-length nor truncated SUS phosphorylated at the serine-170 site was found in the crude 26S proteasome fraction (150,000g postmicrosomal pellet) isolated in the presence of MG132. However, SUS degradation was strongly inhibited by feeding cycloheximide or amino acids to detached leaves, while Suc feeding had no effect. Of the amino acids tested, exogenous glutamate had the greatest effect. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SUS protein degradation during deetiolation: (1) is selective; (2) can be triggered by either blue- or red light-mediated signaling pathways; (3) does not involve the 26S proteasome; and (4) is inhibited by free amino acids. These findings suggest that SUS degradation is important to supply residues for the synthesis of other proteins required for autotrophic metabolism. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu RI Brutnell, Thomas/M-2840-2013 OI Brutnell, Thomas/0000-0002-3581-8211 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.1104/pp.106.095182 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 166DA UT WOS:000246356300038 PM 17400707 ER PT J AU Narayanan, NN Vasconcelos, MW Grusak, MA AF Narayanan, Narayanan N. Vasconcelos, Marta W. Grusak, Michael A. TI Expression profiling of Oryza sativa metal homeostasis genes in different rice cultivars using a cDNA macroarray SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rice; cDNA macroarray; gene expression; metal homeostasis; iron ID IRON TRANSPORT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HUMAN-NUTRITION; YELLOW STRIPE1; PLANTS; TRANSCRIPT; PROTEIN; FAMILY; NRAMP; IRT1 AB Rice is an important food crop, but it is a poor Source of essential micronutrients such as iron and zinc. In order to improve the metal ion content of rice grains through breeding or biotechnology, more information is needed on the molecular players that help mobilize metals from leaves to developing, seeds. To profile several genes simultaneously, a cDNA macroarray was developed using 36 metal-related genes from rice, including ZIPs. NRAMPs. and YSLs (coding for known or potential metal transporters), as well as NAS, FER, FRO, NAAT, FDH. GSTU, and PDR (involved in metal homeostasis). Because flag leaves are the major Source of phloem-delivered photoassimilates and remobilized metals for developing seeds. we analyzed the expression of these metal-related genes in flag and non-flag leaves of four different rice cultivars (Cocodrie, Taipei 309. IR58. and IR68144) during the period of mid-grain fill. Genes (24 of 36) exhibited low to non-detectable signals in the macroarray, while 12 genes (OsIRT1. OsZIP1. OsZIP5, OsZIP8, OsYSL5, OsYSL6. OsYSL7, OsYSL8, OsYSL18, OsNRAMP2, WNRAMP4 and OsNRAMP7) were found to be highly expressed in both flag and non-flag leaves of all four cultivars. Additional expression analysis using semi-quantitative or quantitative PCR provided results that were generally consistent with the macroarray, but semi-quantitative PCR confirmed that OsFDH, OsFER1. OsNAAT. OsNAS1, OsPDR9, OsYSL12, OsYSL13, OsZIP7. and OsZIP10 were also expressed in leaves. This specialized macroarray has provided a short list of potential candidate genes, expressed in leaves, which might contribute to the process of metal transport to distant sinks, such as seeds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu RI Vasconcelos, Marta/F-3376-2013; Vasconcelos, Marta/I-8166-2013 OI Vasconcelos, Marta/0000-0002-5110-7006 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.021 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 185SB UT WOS:000247729600005 PM 17468002 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, JA Graham, MA Vodkin, L Gonzalez, DO Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC AF O'Rourke, Jamie A. Graham, Michelle A. Vodkin, Lila Gonzalez, Delkin Orlando Cianzio, Silvia R. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Recovering from iron deficiency chlorosis in near-isogenic soybeans: A microarray study SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC); microarray; hydroponics; soybean; real time PCR (RT-PCR) ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ASPARAGINASE; ARABIDOPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; ETHYLENE; GENES; SOIL AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybeans has proven to be a perennial problem in the calcareous soils of the U.S. upper Midwest. A historically difficult trait to study in fields, the use of hydroponics in a controlled greenhouse environment has provided a mechanism to study genetic variation while limiting environmental complications. IDC susceptible plants growing in calcareous soils and in iron-controlled hydroponic experiments often exhibit a characteristic chlorotic phenotype early in the growing season but are able to re-green later in the season. To examine the changes in gene expression of these plants, near-isogenic lines, iron efficient PI548553 (Clark) and iron inefficient PI547430 (IsoClark). developed for their response to iron deficiency stress [USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, Germplasin Resources Information Network-GRIN. (Online Database) National Germplasin Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 2004. Available: http://www.ars. grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/acc_search.pl?accid=PI+547430. [22] were grown in iron-deficient hydroponic conditions for one week, then transferred to iron sufficient conditions for another week. This induced a phenotypic response mimicking the growth of the plants in the field; initial chlorosis followed by re-greening. RNA was isolated from root tissue and transcript profiles were examined between the two near-isogenic lines using publicly available cDNA microarrays. By alleviating the iron deficiency stress our expectation was that plants would return to baseline expression levels. However. the microarray comparison identified four cDNAs that were under-expressed by a two-fold or greater difference in the iron inefficient plant compared to the iron efficient plant. This differential expression was re-examined and confirmed by real time PCR experimentation. Control experiments showed that these genes are not differentially expressed in plants grown continually under iron rich hydroponic conditions. The expression differences suggest potential residual effects of iron deficiency on plant health. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, G-401 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.008 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 185SB UT WOS:000247729600006 PM 17466527 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, MM AF Nakata, Paul A. McConn, Michele M. TI Calcium oxalate content affects the nutritional availability of calcium from Medicago truncatula leaves SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; Medicago; nutrition; oxalate ID CRYSTAL-FORMATION; LEGUMINOSAE; ABSORPTION; SEEDS AB It is known that oxalate, present in edible plants, can bind calcium in a crystalline form that reduces the availability of the bound calcium for nutritional absorption by humans. It is unknown, however, the degree to which the calcium oxalate content of a plant can be genetically altered and how much such alterations can impact the nutritional availability of the calcium present in plant foods. The recent identification of near isogenic Medicago truncatula mutants that contain a varying range in calcium oxalate content allows us to begin to address this gap in our knowledge. Here we assess, using an in vitro dialysis system that simulates the processes of digestion and absorption, the availability of calcium present in the leaves of M. truncatula. The results showed that calcium availability generally correlates inversely with the amount of calcium sequestered in the oxalate crystal. The plants with more calcium oxalate were found to have reduced calcium availability while the plant with less calcium oxalate was found to have enhanced calcium availability, compared to controls. Overall, this study supports genetically manipulating the form of calcium in edible plants as a viable strategy to improve the nutritional quality. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res CTr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res CTr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 172 IS 5 BP 958 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.01.005 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 163CX UT WOS:000246137400011 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Shan, XQ Liu, T Xie, YN Wen, B Zhang, SZ Han, F van Genuchten, MT AF Wang, Huanhua Shan, Xiaoquan Liu, Tao Xie, Yaning Wen, Bei Zhang, Shuzhen Han, Fang van Genuchten, Martinus Th. TI Organic acids enhance the uptake of lead by wheat roots SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Ca2+ and K+ channels; organic acids; P-type ATPase; uptake of lead (Pb); wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID DURUM-WHEAT; ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; INDIAN MUSTARD; CADMIUM UPTAKE; MAIZE ROOTS; ACCUMULATION AB The uptake and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soil-plant systems remain poorly understood. This study indicates that acetic and malic acids enhance the uptake of Pb by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots under hydroponic conditions. The net concentration-dependent uptake influx of Pb in the presence and absence of organic acids was characterized by Michaelis-Menten type nonsaturating kinetic curves that could be resolved into linear and saturable components. Fitted maximum uptake rates (V-max) of the Michaelis-Menton saturable component in the presence of acetic and malic acids were, respectively, 2.45 and 1.63 times those of the control, while the Michaelis-Menten K-m values of 5.5, 3.7 and 2.2 mu M, respectively, remained unchanged. Enhanced Pb uptake by organic acids was partially mediated by Ca2+ stop and K+ stop channels, and also depended upon the physiological function of the plasma membrane P-type ATPase. Uptake may have been further enhanced by an effectively thinner unstirred layer of Pb adjacent to the roots, leading to more rapid diffusion towards roots. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies provided evidence that the coordination environment of Pb in wheat roots was similar to that of Pb(CH3COO)(2)center dot 3H(2)O in that one Pb atom was coordinated to four oxygen atoms via the carboxylate group. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Shan, XQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, POB 2871, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM xiaoquan@rcees.ac.cn RI Zhang, Shuzhen/B-9208-2009; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2007 VL 225 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1494 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0433-7 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159GF UT WOS:000245852700013 PM 17106683 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Feng, RT Bowman, L Lu, YJ Ballington, JR Ding, M AF Wang, Shiow Y. Feng, Rentian Bowman, Linda Lu, Yongju Ballington, James R. Ding, Min TI Antioxidant activity of Vaccinium stamineum: Exhibition of anticancer capability in human lung and leukemia cells SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE deerberry fruit; antioxidant activity; anticancer properties; mitogen-activated protein kinase; Ericaceae; Vaccinium stamineum L ID ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 ACTIVATION; KAPPA-B; TRANSFORMATION; STRAWBERRIES; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION; EXTRACTS; CANCER; FRUITS AB Fruit of deerberry [Vaccinium stamineum L.] were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity and anticancer properties in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells, human lung and leukemia cells. Deerberries contain potent free radical scavenging activities. Pretreatment of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells with deerberry fruit extracts produced an inhibition on the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B) induced by either 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet-B (UVB). Deerberry fruit extracts also blocked TPA- or UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERKs and MEK 1/2, two upstream regulators of AP-1 and inhibited proliferation of human leukemia HL60 cancer cells and human lung epithelial cancer A549 cells and induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of TPA- or UVB-induced AP-1 and NF-kappa B activity, inhibition of HL-60 cells and cancer A549 cells proliferation and induction of apoptotic in human leukemia HL-60 cancer cel Is may be mediated through the ERKs and MEK 1/2 signal pathway. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 451 EP 460 DI 10.1055/s-2007-967164 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 174SO UT WOS:000246963300007 PM 17394101 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Bowman, L Ding, M AF Wang, Shiow Y. Bowman, Linda Ding, Min TI Variations in free radical scavenging capacity and antiproliferative activity among different genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE autumn olive; antioxidant capacity; antiproliferation; apoptotic cancer cells; Oleaster (Elaeagnaceae); Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb ID ACTIVATOR PROTEIN-1 ACTIVITY; NF-KAPPA-B; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; BETA-CAROTENE; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BINDING ACTIVITY; BERRY EXTRACTS; IN-VITRO; PROLIFERATION AB Fruit from six genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) ('Brilliant Rose', 'Delightful', 'Jewel', Natural 1, Natural 2, and 'Sweet Tart') were evaluated for antioxidant capacity and anti-cancer properties. Based on data from electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, autumn olive contained potent free radical scavenging activities for hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O2(-)) radicals. Among the six genotypes, 'Brilliant Rose' and 'Jewel' had the highest levels of antioxidant activity. Pretreatment of JG6 P+ mouse epidermal cells with autumn olive extracts inhibited the activation of activator protem-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factoF-kappaB (NF-kappa B) induced by either 12-O-tetradecanoyl- phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet-B (UVB). Extracts of all autumn olive genotypes inhibited proliferation of human leukemia HL-60 cancer cells and human lung epithelial cancer A549 cells and induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. In particular, 'Brilliant Rose' and 'Jewel' had relatively potent activities compared to other genotypes. These results indicate that consuming autumn olive fruit may be beneficial to human health, although further studies are needed for confirmation. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Res Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1055/s-2007-967175 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 174SO UT WOS:000246963300009 PM 17566149 ER PT J AU Hanes, MC Weinzweig, J Kuzon, WM Panter, KE Buchman, SR Faulkner, JA Yu, D Cederna, PS Larkin, LM AF Hanes, Michael C. Weinzweig, Jeffrey Kuzon, William M. Panter, Kip E. Buchman, Steven R. Faulkner, John A. Yu, Deborah Cederna, Paul S. Larkin, Lisa M. TI Contractile properties of single permeabilized muscle fibers from congenital cleft palates and normal palates of Spanish goats SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ELITE MASTER RUNNERS; INDUCED INJURY; CALCIUM; FORCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MYOGENESIS; VELOCITY; SPEECH; MODEL; RATS AB Background: Analysis of the composition of muscle fibers constituent to a cleft palate could provide significant insight into the cause of velopharyngeal inadequacy. The authors hypothesized that levator veli palatini muscle dysfunction inherent to cleft palates could affect the timing and outcome of cleft palate repair. Methods: Single, permeabilized muscle fibers from levator veli palatini muscles of three normal (n = 19 fibers) and three chemically induced congenital cleft palates (n = 21 fibers) of 14-month-old goats were isolated, and contractile properties were evaluated. The maximum isometric force and rate constants of tension redevelopment (k(tr)) were measured, and the specific force and normalized power were calculated for each fiber. Results: The k(tr) measures indicate that cleft fibers are predominantly fast-fatigable; normal fibers are slow fatigue-resistant: after a 10-minute isometric contraction, fibers from cleft palates had a loss of force 16 percent greater than that from normal palates (p = 0.0001). The cross-sectional areas of the fibers from cleft palates (2750 +/- 209 mu m(2)) were greater (p = 0.05) than those from normal palates (2226 +/- 143 mu m(2)). Specific forces did not differ between the two groups. Maximum normalized power of fibers from cleft palates (11.05 +/- 1.82 W/1) was greater (p = 0.0001) than fibers from normal palates (1.60 +/- 0.12 W/1). Conclusions: There are clear physiologic differences in single muscle fibers from cleft palates and normal palates: cleft palate fibers are physiologically fast, have greater fatigability, and have greater power production. Detection of functional and/or fiber type differences in muscles of cleft palates may provide preoperative identification of a patient's susceptibility to velopharyngeal inadequacy and permit early surgical intervention to correct this clinical condition. C1 Univ Michigan, Sect Plast Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Geriatr Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Plast Surg, Inst Gerontol, Lahey Clin, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Larkin, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, NIB, Inst Gerontol, Room 956,300 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM llarkin@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG 13283, P30 AG013283, P01 AG015434-059003]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T90 DK070071, T90 DK-070071]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008616, T32 GM008616-06A1] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1685 EP 1694 DI 10.1097/01.prs.0000258832.84261.37 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 161RC UT WOS:000246032200008 PM 17440342 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Arikan, O AF Barone, Justin R. Arikan, Osman TI Composting and biodegradation of thermally processed feather keratin polymer SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE protein; composting; biodegradation; FT-IR ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); PROTEIN; FILMS; DEGRADATION; DEGRADABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; PLASTICS AB Proteins obtained from agricultural sources represent a unique feedstock from which to prepare thermally processable polymers. In this study, thermally processed feather keratin films were composted with three-month-old compost inoculum in self-heating laboratory composters for 30 days and temperature and carbon dioxide development monitored. About 24% of the available carbon in the feather keratin polymer (FKP) was metabolized in this time and this may not be high enough for some applications. Degradation of the feather keratin polymers was observed within 10 days with concurrent molecular weight reduction measured using FT-IR. Visual inspection of the polymers also showed destruction of the films. A change in crystallinity was observed in DSC analysis and some degradation processes could be inferred from this as well. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 012,Rm 1-3,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jbarone@vt.edu RI ARIKAN, OSMAN/F-1193-2015 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 92 IS 5 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.01.030 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 172SD UT WOS:000246823400014 ER PT J AU Kavdir, I Lu, R Ariana, D Ngouajio, A AF Kavdir, I. Lu, R. Ariana, D. Ngouajio, A. TI Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for nondestructive quality assessment of pickling cucumbers SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; pickling cucumber; firmness; color; dry matter content ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; DRY-MATTER; PREDICTING FIRMNESS; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; SUGAR CONTENT; APPLE FRUIT; KIWIFRUIT; TRANSMISSION AB This study was aimed at developing a nondestructive method for measuring the firmness, skin and flesh color, and dry matter content of pickling cucumbers by means of visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. 'Journey' and 'Vlaspik' pickling cucumbers were hand harvested and then stored at 10 degrees C and 95% relative humidity for various periods up to 18 days. Spectroscopic measurements were made from each intact cucumber in interactance mode with a low-cost CCD-based Vis/NIR spectrometer over 550-1100 nm and an InGaAs-based NIR spectrometer over 800-1650 run. Standard methods were used to measure skin and flesh color, firmness, and dry matter content of the pickling cucumbers. Calibration models were developed using the partial least squares method for predicting firmness, skin and flesh chroma and hue, and dry matter content. NIR measurements correlated well with Magness-Taylor slope or area, with values for the coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.70-0.73 for calibration and 0.67-0.70 for validation, better than those obtained with the Vis/NTR spectrometer. Vis/NIR measurements had good correlations with skin chroma (R-2 = 0.89 and 0.83 for calibration and validation, respectively) and hue (R-2 = 0.76 for calibration and validation). Promising results were obtained in predicting dry matter content of the cucumbers with R-2 = 0.65 in validation for 'Journey' cucumbers. Visible and NIR spectroscopy is potentially useful for sorting and grading pickling cucumbers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kavdir, I (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. EM kavdiris@comu.edu.tr RI Ngouajio, Mathieu/G-5592-2012 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.09.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 159MB UT WOS:000245868900011 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Dunkley, CS Njongmeta, NL Callaway, TR Hume, ME Klubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, K. D. Dunkley, C. S. Njongmeta, N. L. Callaway, T. R. Hume, M. E. Klubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laying hen cecal inocula; in vitro fermentation; short-chain fatty acids; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; high fiber ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FED-BATCH CULTURE; BROILER-CHICKENS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MOLT INDUCTION; LAYING HENS AB High fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (HFFS) by laying hen cecal microflora. Feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100%, alfalfa meal, 90%, alfalfa + 10% commercial layer ration, 80'% alfalfa + 20%, commercial layer ration, and 70%, alfalfa + 30%, commercial layer ration. Cecal contents and HFFS were incubated anaerobically in serum tubes at 39 degrees C for 24 h. Samples from 2 trials were analyzed at 0 and 24 h for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Short-chain fatty acids in samples at 0 h were subtracted from 24-h samples to determine the net production of SCFA. In both trials involving HFFS incubations with cecal inocula, acetate production was highest followed by propionate and butyrate whereas isobutyrate and isovalerate production were in trace amounts. In trial 2, detectable valerate production appeared to consistently occur with alfalfa-based HFFS. It was clear that SCFA production was largely dependent upon HFFS, because cecal inoculum alone yielded little or no detectable SCFA production. For HFFS incubations without cecal inocula, acetate production was highest; propionate and butyrate were similar, and isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate production were in trace amounts. Polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results from both trials indicated 69 and 71%, similarity for comparison of all feed mixtures in trials 1 and 2, respectively. All alfalfa-based HFFS yielded a higher similarity coefficient in trial 2 than in trial I with a band pattern of 90% similarity; diets containing 90% alfalfa + 10% commercial layer ration and 80% alfalfa + 20% commercial layer ration in trial 2 formed a subgroup with a 94%, microbial similarity coefficient. These data suggest that high fiber sources may contribute to the fermentation and microbial diversity that occurs in the ceca of laying hens. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 64 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5 BP 801 EP 810 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159VO UT WOS:000245895900003 PM 17435012 ER PT J AU de los Santos, FS Donoghue, AM Farnell, MB Huff, GR Huff, WE Donoghue, DJ AF de los Santos, F. Solis Donoghue, A. M. Farnell, M. B. Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Donoghue, D. J. TI Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alphamune; gastrointestinal tract; turkey; poult; yeast extract ID SMALL-INTESTINAL DEVELOPMENT; BROILER SMALL-INTESTINE; POSTHATCH DEVELOPMENT; GOBLET CELLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; YOUNG CHICK; MUCIN; GROWTH AB Alphamune, a yeast extract antibiotic alternative, has been shown to stimulate the immune system, increase BW in pigs, and reduce Salmonella colonization in chickens. The influence of Alphamune on gastrointestinal tract development has not been reported. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of Alphamune on gut maturation of 7- and 21-d-old turkey poults. Poults were fed a standard control unmedicated turkey starter diet or the same diet supplemented with either I or 2 lb/ton of Alphamune (n = 18/group). Poults were weighed on d 7 and 21, euthanized, and a 2-cm section was collected from the midpoint of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of each bird (9 poults/d per treatment) and fixed in a 10% formalin solution for 72 h and then stained. Twenty measurements of villus height, villus surface area, lamina propria thickness, crypt depth, and density of neutral, sialomucin, and sulfomucin goblet cells were taken per section per poult. On d 7, BW were higher for the poults given the Alphamume treatments compared with control poults; however, no differences were observed on d 21. Alphamune supplementation influenced intestinal morphology differently based on gut location. Ileum villus height, surface area, lamina propria thickness, crypt depth, and neutral, sialomucin, and sulfomucin goblet cell density were enhanced with Alphamune treatments on d 7 and 21 (P < 0.05) and in a dose-dependent manner for many of the parameters evaluated. Jejunum results were mixed. Surface area, crypt depth, and sialomucin and sulfomucin goblet cells were consistently higher for the 2 lb/ton of Alphamune groups compared with the control group on d 7 and 21. Duodenum villus height, surface area, and goblet cell density were higher for the 2 lb/ton of Alphamune groups on d 7; however, intestinal morphology of the duodenum was not different between the control and treated birds on d 21. These results suggest that feed supplemented with Alphamune can accelerate gastrointestinal maturation in turkey poults. and is more pronounced in the ileum than in other portions of the small intestine. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM donoghue@uark.edu NR 54 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5 BP 921 EP 930 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159VO UT WOS:000245895900018 ER PT J AU Lyon, SA Fletcher, DL Berrang, ME AF Lyon, S. A. Fletcher, D. L. Berrang, M. E. TI Germicidal ultraviolet light to lower numbers of Listeria monocytogenes on broiler breast fillets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; ultraviolet light; poultry processing; meat color ID POULTRY; MEAT; SALMONELLA; RADIATION; SKIN AB Raw broiler breast fillets were subjected to germicidal ultraviolet (UV) light (dose of 1,000 mu W/cm(2) for 5 min at a wavelength of 254 nm) to evaluate its potential to reduce Listeria monocytogenes numbers on raw product before shipment to a poultry further-processing plant. Boneless, skinless breast fillets were inoculated with 4 different strains of L. monocytogenes 5 min before treatment. After the UV treatment, breast fillets were stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h. Enumeration of remaining L. monocytogenes was performed using the spread plate method on modified Oxford agar. An approximate 2-log reduction in viable L. monocytogenes was observed with all 4 strains on UV-treated breast fillets as compared with the nontreated breast fillets. The UV treatment caused only slight changes in meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness) on day of treatment or after 7 d of storage. This study suggests that UV treatment of raw breast fillets at a slaughter plant can significantly reduce L. monocytogenes without negatively affecting meat color. This process could be used to reduce the negative effect of raw poultry as a transmission vector of L. monocytogenes into a poultry further-processing plant. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5 BP 964 EP 967 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 159VO UT WOS:000245895900024 PM 17435033 ER PT J AU Endress, BA Naylor, BJ Parks, CG Radosevich, SR AF Endress, Bryan A. Naylor, Bridgett J. Parks, Catberine G. Radosevich, Steven R. TI Landscape factors influencing the abundance and dominance of the invasive plant Potentilla recta SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive plants; noxious weeds; Oregon; Blue Mountains; landscape ecology; bunchgrass rangelands ID LAND-USE HISTORY; SULFUR CINQUEFOIL; NEW-ENGLAND; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; CLASSIFICATION; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Little is known about the relative importance of environmental, biotic, historical, and spatial factors that influence invasive plant abundance, dominance, and distribution across landscapes. We identified factors that influence the abundance and dominance of Potentilla recta L. (sulfur cinquefoil) in bunchgrass grasslands of northeastern Oregon to better understand the conditions under which it becomes a major component of plant communities. We estimated P. recta stem density and dominance from field measurements across the landscape and used classification and regression tree analyses to assess the importance of environmental, biotic, spatial, and historical factors in explaining P. recta presence, stem density, and dominance. Plots were sampled within a systematic grid with 250-m spacing within our 6.5-km(2) study landscape. At each sample point we recorded P. recta presence, stem density, and dominance as well as 11 biological, environmental, spatial, and historical variables. P. recta was widely distributed, with stem densities in occupied plots averaging 5.8 stems center dot m(-2) and dominance values ranging from 1% to 52%. Percent cover of bare ground was the most important variable to predict the presence of P. recta, though the model fit was poor, likely because the entire study area is suitable for P. recta establishment. A strong relationship between P. recta dominance and habitat type (r(2) = 67.5%) was found, with dominance greatest in old fields on relatively flat slopes (mean dominance of 34.1%). Dominance estimates were <= 1% in plots located in forest, shrub, and grassland habitats. Factors that make old fields susceptible to dominance remain unknown, though microsite conditions that increase P. recta seedling survival rates and limited native propagule availability due to previous cultivation may be involved. Since old fields are found throughout the region, are highly susceptible to P. recta invasion, and represent a source of seeds, containment and restoration activities should focus on these areas. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Endress, BA (reprint author), Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler La, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM bryan.endress@oregonstate.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[218:LFITAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300002 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Hart, RH AF Derner, Justin D. Hart, Ricbard H. TI Grazing-induced modifications to peak standing crop in northern mixed-grass prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE continuous grazing; grazing system; rotational grazing; short-duration grazing; spring precipitation; stocking rate ID TILLER DEFOLIATION PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FORAGE PRODUCTION; STOCKING RATES; SHORT-DURATION; CATTLE; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION AB Selective grazing can modify the productive capacity of rangelands by reducing competitiveness of productive, palatable species and increasing the composition of more grazing-resistant species. A grazing system (season-long and short-duration rotational grazing) x stocking rate (light: 16 steers center dot 80 ha(-1), moderate: 4 steers center dot 12 ha(-1), and heavy: 4 steers center dot 9 ha(-1)) study was initiated in 1982 on northern mixed-grass prairie. Here, we report on the final 16 years of this study (1991-2006). Spring (April + May + June) precipitation explained at least 54% of the variation in peak standing crop. The percentage of variation explained by spring precipitation was similar between stocking rates with short-duration grazing but decreased with increasing stocking rate for season-long grazing. April precipitation explained the greatest percentage of the variation in peak standing crop for the light stocking rate (45%), May precipitation for the moderate stocking rate (49%), and June precipitation for the heavy stocking rate (34%). Peak standing crop was 23%-29% greater with light (1 495 center dot 66 kg center dot ha(-1), mean +/- 1 SE) compared to moderate (1 218 +/- 64 kg center dot ha(-1)) and heavy (1 156 center dot 56 kg center dot ha(-1)) stocking rates, which did not differ. Differences in peak standing crop among stocking rates occurred during average and wet but not dry springs. Neither the interaction of grazing system and stocking rate nor grazing system alone affected standing crop across all years or dry, average, or wet springs. Grazing-induced modification of productive capacity in this northern mixed-grass prairie is attributed to changes in species composition with increasing stocking rate as the less productive, warm-season shortgrass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. ex Griffiths) increases at the expense of more productive, cool-season midheight grasses. Land managers may need to substantially modify management to offset these losses in productive capacity. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[270:GMTPSC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300008 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Bates, JD Svejcar, TJ Hardegree, SP AF Pierson, Frederick B. Bates, Jon D. Svejcar, Tony J. Hardegree, Stuart P. TI Runoff and erosion after cutting western juniper SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hydrology; infiltration; overland-flow; sagebrush ID VEGETATION; RANGELANDS; WOODLANDS; ENCROACHMENT; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; GRASSLANDS; VIEWPOINT; INVASION; DYNAMICS AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) has encroached on and now dominates millions of acres of sage brush/bunchgrass rangeland in the Great Basin and interior Pacific Northwest. On many sites western juniper has significantly increased exposure of the soil surface by reducing density of understory species and surface litter. We used rainfall and rill simulation techniques to evaluate infiltration, runoff, and erosion on cut and uncut field treatments 10 years after juniper removal. juniper-dominated hillslopes had significantly lower surface soil cover of herbaceous plants and litter and produced rapid runoff from low-intensity rainfall events of the type that would be expected to occur every 2 years. Direct exposure of the soil to rainfall impacts resulted in high levels of sheet erosion (295 kg center dot ha(-1)) in juniper-dominated plots. Large interconnected patches of bare ground concentrated runoff into rills with much higher flow velocity and erosive force resulting in rill erosion rates that were over 15 times higher on juniper-dominated plots. Cutting juniper stimulated herbaceous plant recovery, improved infiltration capacity, and protected the soil surface from even large thunderstorms. juniper-free plots could only be induced to produce runoff from high-intensity events that would be expected to occur once every 50 years. Runoff events from these higher-intensity simulations produced negligible levels of both sheet and rill erosion. While specific inferences drawn from the current study are limited to juniper-affected sites in the Intermountain sagebrush steppe, the scope of ecosystem impacts are consistent with woody-plant invasion in other ecosystems around the world. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Pl 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[285:RAEACW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300010 ER PT J AU McIver, JD McInnis, ML AF McIver, James D. McInnis, Micbael L. TI Cattle grazing effects on macroinvertebrates in an Oregon mountain stream SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic assessment; fisheries; greenline; livestock management; mountain meadow; riparian livestock grazing; streambank stability ID RIPARIAN ZONE; VEGETATION; RANGELAND; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; IDAHO AB Cattle grazing effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates were assessed in a 4-year experiment of a mountain stream in northeastern Oregon. From 1996 through 1999, 10 cow-calf pairs were introduced into 6 experimental units along the stream for 42 days between July and September, and effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates were compared with 3 units in which no grazing occurred. Streambank and geomorphological variables were also measured to provide context for interpretation of effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate response to grazing was subtle, indicated by significantly lower abundance in grazed units. We measured more profound effects on streambanks: grazing caused an average decrease of 18% in bank length of the highest stability/cover class and caused an average increase of 8% in the lowest condition class over the course of each summer. By June of each following year, banks had recovered to their previous June condition, but grazing each summer caused a progressively larger decline in bank condition by September. Streambank effects were accompanied by an increase in cobble embeddedness over time in grazed units and were correlated with grazing-associated stream widening. Treatment effects were overwhelmed, however, by a profound decline in the abundance of most macroinvertebrates over the study period, with a drop in September 1999 to 14% of the initial September abundance of 1997. While the drop was more precipitous in grazed units, declines were common to all study units, suggesting that something more widespread affected the system during this time. Logging on lands just upstream of the study area in 1998 and 1999, in which trucks drove through the study stream without the benefit of a culvert, sent sediment plumes into the study area each of those 2 years and could have caused the precipitous decline in aquatic macroinvertebrates. C1 Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rangeland Resources, Union, OR 97883 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rangeland Resources, POB E, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[293:CGEOMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300011 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Pokorny, ML Sheley, RL James, JJ AF Davies, Kirk W. Pokorny, Monica L. Sheley, Roger L. James, Jeremy J. TI Influence of plant functional group removal on inorganic soil nitrogen concentrations in native grasslands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonium; competition; grasslands; nitrate; removal experiment; seasonal nutrient use; soil nutrients ID COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SPECIES DIVERSITY; RESOURCE; COMPETITION; INVASION; FORBS AB High plant functional group diversity has been hypothesized to reduce resource concentrations based on the assumption that species from one functional group acquire resources similarly to one another, while species from other functional groups acquire resources dissimilarly. To determine if functional groups use soil nutrients different from one another, we investigated the impact of removing individual functional groups on soil inorganic nitrogen (NO3- and NH4+) concentrations in the Idaho fescue (Festuca idaboensis Elmer)/bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Purshl A. Love) habitat type in Montana. Treatments were imposed by removing 1) all plant species (total plant removal), 2) shallow-rooted (< 15 cm) forbs, 3) deeprooted (> 15 cm) forbs, 4) all forbs (total forb removal), 5) grasses, and 6) spikemoss, compared to intact control plots. Inorganic nitrogen was measured at 2 soil depths (0-15 cm and 16-40 cm) in the spring, summer, and fall 1 year after treatment imposition. The removal of individual functional groups generally increased soil NO3- and NH4+ concentrations. Total plant removal increased NO3- concentrations more than removing individual functional groups. Grass removal generally increased soil NO3- concentrations in the 0-15-cm depth more than other functional groups removal. Whether the grass or total forb removal treatment resulted in greater soil NH4+ concentrations in the 0-15-cm depth depended on season. These results suggest 4 that functional groups vary in their soil nutrient acquisition patterns and that increased functional diversity decreases soil nutrient concentrations. Therefore, maintaining or improving functional diversity may be a method to more fully utilize soil nutrients because functional groups can differ in their spatial and temporal acquisition of resources. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 33 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[304:IOPFGR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300012 ER PT J AU Haan, MM Russell, JR Kovar, JL Powers, WJ Benning, JL AF Haan, M. M. Russell, J. R. Kovar, J. L. Powers, W. J. Benning, J. L. TI Effects of forage management on pasture productivity and phosphorus content SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forage quality; grazing; root length density; rotational stocking ID GRAZING MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; BEEF-PRODUCTION; ROOT-GROWTH; NITROGEN; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; CATTLE AB The objectives of the current study were to determine the amounts of above- and below-ground plant biomass production, P uptake by forage, and P concentration of cool-season grass forage as influenced by management and season. Five forage management treatments were evaluated over 3 years in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) pastures. Management practices were: ungrazed (U), hay harvest/fall stockpile grazing (HS), rotational stocking to residual sward heights of 10 (10R) or 5 (5R) cm, and continuous stocking to maintain sward height at 5 cm (5C). Forage samples were hand-clipped within and outside grazing exclosures monthly from April through November of each year and analyzed for mass and P concentration. Root samples were collected at the initiation and completion of the study for determination of root length density (RLD) and root surface area density (RSAD). Phosphorus concentrations of forage outside the grazing exclosures did not differ among 5C, 5R, and IOR treatments, which were greater than U paddocks in April and August and less than HS paddocks in June. Mean annual forage productivity was greater in HS, 10R, 5R, and 5C paddocks (6 744 +/- 62 kg center dot ha(-1) mean +/- SE) than in the U paddocks (1 872 +/- 255 kg center dot ha(-1)). Mean P concentration of forage outside exclosures was greatest during the spring (0.21 +/- 0.01%), and lowest during the fall (0.13 +/- 0.01%). Mean annual P uptake by forage followed the same trend as forage production, being greater in the HS, 10R, 5R, and 5C paddocks (13.9 +/- 2.0 kg center dot ha(-1)) than in the U paddocks (3.7 +/- 0.5 kg center dot ha(-1)). After 3 years, RLD decreased in the ungrazed paddocks, but was unchanged in the HS, 10R, 5R, and 5C paddocks. Forage production and P uptake by forage is stimulated by forage harvest, either by grazing or hay harvest in smooth bromegrass pastures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Extens Water Qual Educator, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Russell, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 337 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jrussell@iastate.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[311:EOFMOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300013 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Seamans, TW AF Washburn, Brian E. Seamans, Thomas W. TI Wildlife responses to vegetation height management in cool-season grasslands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grassland birds; growth regulator; mowing; white-tailed deer ID DIFLUFENZOPYR; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; DEER AB Herbaceous vegetation comprises the main habitat type in cool-seasons grasslands and can be managed by various methods. We compared changes in plant communities and bird and mammal use of grasslands that were not managed, managed by mechanical methods (mowing), or managed by chemical methods (plant growth regulator). This 1-year study was conducted from May through October 2003 in Erie County, Ohio. Twelve circular 1.5 ha plots were established: 4 were not managed, 4 were mowed to maintain vegetation height between 9-15 cm, and 4 were sprayed with a plant growth regulator and mowed when vegetation exceeded 15 cm. We monitored vegetation growth, measured plant community composition, and observed all plots for wildlife activity each week. Vegetation in unmanaged plots was taller and denser (P < 0.001) than vegetation in mowed and growth regulator plots. Plant community characteristics differed among study plots (P < 0.001); managed plots had higher grass cover and lower woody cover than unmanaged plots. We observed more (P < 0.001) total birds per 5-minute survey in unmanaged than mowed or growth regulator plots. We observed more (P < 0.001) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in mowed plots than either control or growth regulator plots. We captured 13 small mammals in unmanaged plots and no small mammals in managed plots. Applying the plant growth regulator was not a cost-effective alternative to mowing for managing vegetation height in our study. Vegetation height management practices altered plant communities and animal use of grassland areas and thus might be useful for accomplishing species-specific habitat management objectives. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[319:WRTVHM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173NR UT WOS:000246880300014 ER PT J AU Zeng, SS Soryal, K Fekadu, B Bah, B Popham, T AF Zeng, S. S. Soryal, K. Fekadu, B. Bah, B. Popham, T. TI Predictive formulae for goat cheese yield based on milk composition SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goat milk; cheese yield; predictive formulae ID VARIANTS; AA AB Prediction of the yield and quality of different types of cheeses that could be produced from a given type and/or amount of goat milk is of great economic benefit to goat milk producers and goat cheese manufacturers. Bulk tank goat milk was used for manufacturing hard, semi-hard and soft cheeses (N = 25, 25 and 24, respectively) to develop predictive formulae of cheese yield based on milk composition. Fat, total solids, total protein and casein contents in milk and moisture-adjusted cheese yield were determined to establish relationships between milk composition and cheese yield. Soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses in this study had moisture contents of 66, 46 and 38%, respectively, which could be used as reference standards. In soft cheese, individual components of goat milk or a combination of two or three components predicted cheese yield with a reasonably high correlation coefficient (R-2 = 0.73-0.81). However, correlation coefficients of predictions were lower for both semi-hard and hard cheeses. Overall, total solids of goat milk was the strongest indicator of yield in all three types of cheeses, followed by fat and total protein, while casein was not a good predictor for both semi-hard and hard cheeses. When compared with moisture-adjusted cheese yield, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in predicting yield of semi-hard and hard goat milk cheeses between the developed yield formulae in this study and a standard formula (the Van Slyke formula) commonly used for cow cheese. Future research will include further validation of the yield predictive formulae for hard and semi-hard cheeses of goat milk using larger data sets over several lactations, because of variation in relationships between milk components due to breed, stage of lactation, season, feeding regime, somatic cell count and differences in casein variants. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Desert Res Ctr, Anim & Poultry Div, Cairo, Egypt. Debub Univ, Awassa Coll Agr, Awasa, Ethiopia. USDA, ARS, So Plains Area, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Zeng, SS (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM szeng@luresext.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.01.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 154WF UT WOS:000245537900026 ER PT J AU Wildeus, S Turner, KE Collins, JR AF Wildeus, S. Turner, K. E. Collins, J. R. TI Growth, intake, diet digestibility, and nitrogen use in three hair sheep breeds fed alfalfa hay SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hair sheep; alfalfa; growth; digestibility; blood metabolites ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; WOOL SHEEP; LAMBS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; CONCENTRATE; GOATS AB Pen feeding and metabolism trials were conducted to determine intake, diet digestibility and nitrogen (N) use in three hair sheep breeds with differing growth potential offered an alfalfa hay diet. For pen feeding, 24 6-mo-old wether lambs, equally representing the Barbados Blackbelly, Katahdin, and St. Croix breeds, were paired by breed, placed in 12 enclosed cement-floor pens (2.5 m x 3.5 m), and offered chopped alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.; 17.6% CP, 50.4% NDF, and 36.4% ADF) ad libitum. Lambs were allowed a 14-d adaptation period to pens and diets, and remained on trial for 56 d. Starting body weight (BW) was different (P < 0.05) among breeds (Barbados Blackbelly: 23.8 kg; Katahdin: 36.5 kg; St. Croix: 29.1 kg). Daily gain was not different (P < 0.10) between Katahdin (131 g/d) and St. Croix (117 g/d), but both were higher (P < 0.05) than Barbados Blackbelly (87 g/d). Daily dry matter hay intake was similar among breeds (107-109 g/kg BW0.75), and feed to gain ratio ranged from 8.7 in St. Croix and 9.1 in Katahdin to 10.5 in Barbados Blackbelly, but was not different (P > 0.10) among breeds. Six lambs per breed were used in the metabolism trial. Total DMI was greater (P < 0.01) for Katahdin (1196g/d) than St. Croix (907 g/d) and Barbados Blackbelly (858 g/d), but was not different (P > 0.10) adjusted for body weight (mean: 71 g/kg BW0.75). Coefficients of apparent digestibility for DM (P < 0.06), OM (P < 0.06), N (P < 0.05), NDF (P < 0.08), and ADF (P < 0.08) were higher for Katahdin compared to Barbados Blackbelly with St. Croix intermediate. Intake of N (P < 0.01), feces N (P < 0.08), urine N (P < 0.01), absorbed N (P < 0.01), and retained N (P < 0.05) also were greater for Katahdin compared to St. Croix and Barbados Blackbelly. Blood glucose, urea-N, and creatinine were not different (P > 0.10) among breeds. Breeds differed in their growth performance in line with breed mature size, and differences were observed in N digestibility and absorption. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Wildeus, S (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Box 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM swildeus@vsu.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.12.016 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 154WF UT WOS:000245537900032 ER PT J AU Nosshi, MI Butler, J Trlica, MJ AF Nosshi, Maged Ikram Butler, Jack Trlica, M. J. TI Soil nitrogen mineralization not affected by grass species traits SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen immobilization; species effects; N use; litter quality; soil incubation; soil respiration; mixed-grass prairie; N cycling; plant-soil interactions; invasive species; Bromus inermis ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; LITTER QUALITY; DYNAMICS; FOREST; CARBON; NITRIFICATION; INCUBATIONS; FIXATION; SYSTEMS; MATTER AB Species N use traits was evaluated as a mechanism whereby Bromus inermis (Bromus), an established invasive, might alter soil N supply in a Northern mixed-grass prairie. We compared soils under stands of Bromus with those from three representative native grasses of different litter C/N: Andropogon gerardii (Andropogon), Nassella viridula (Nassella) and Pascopyrum smithii (Pascopyrum); in ascending order of litter quality. Net mineralization (per g soil N) measured in year-long laboratory incubations showed no differences in comparisons of Bromus with two of the three native grasses: Andropogon and Nassella. Higher mineralization in Pascopyrum stands relative to Bromus was consistent with its higher litter quality. However, an unusually high occurrence of an N-fixing legume in Pascopyrum stands, potentially favoring high mineralization rates, confounded any conclusions regarding the effects of plant N use on N mineralization. Instead of art initial flush of net mineralization, as would be expected in laboratory incubation, we observed an initial lag phase. This lag in net N mineralization coincided with high microbial activity (respiration) that suggests strong N limitation of the microbial biomass. Further support for the importance of immobilization initially came from modeling mineralization dynamics, which was explained better when we accounted for microbial growth in our model. The absence of strong differences in net mineralization beneath these grasses suggests that differences in plant N use alone were unlikely to influence soil N mineralization through substrate quality. particularly under strong N control of the microbial biomass. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Nosshi, MI (reprint author), POB 57,El Haram, Giza 12556, Egypt. EM mnosshi@gmail.com NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1039 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.11.013 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 153EX UT WOS:000245415900007 ER PT J AU Esquilin, AEJ Stromberger, ME Massman, WJ Frank, JM Shepperd, WD AF Jimenez Esquilin, Aida E. Stromberger, Mary E. Massman, William J. Frank, John M. Shepperd, Wayne D. TI Microbial community structure and activity in a Colorado Rocky Mountain forest soil scarred by slash pile burning SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE slash pile burning; soil microbial community; ponderosa pine forest ID PONDEROSA PINE; FIRE; RESPIRATION; BACTERIAL; BIOMASS; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; ESTABLISHMENT; BIOVOLUMES; MICROSCOPY AB Tree thinning and harvesting produces large amounts of slash material which are typically disposed of by burning, often resulting in severe soil heating. We measured soil chemical properties and microbial community structure and function over time to determine effects of slash pile burning in a ponderosa pine forest soil. Real time data were collected for soil temperature, heat flux, and soil moisture contents in one of two slash piles burned in April 2004. During the burn, soil temperatures reached 300 degrees C beneath the pile center and 175 degrees C beneath the pile edge. Slash pile burning increased soil pH, extractable N and P, and decreased total C levels within the first 15 cm of soil. Burning reduced soil bacterial biovolumes within the first 15 cm of soil and fungal biovolumes within the first 5 cm of soil. One month after the burn, soil microbial communities under the pile center were enriched in Gram-positive bacterial fatty acid markers compared to communities from under the pile edge and control (nonburned) soil. Fifteen months later, soil chemical properties had not returned to background levels, and microbial community structure in fire-affected soil, regardless of pile location, was distinct from communities of control soil. In fire-affected soil, concentrations of fungal fatty acid biomarkers were low and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomarkers were absent, regardless of pile location. Slash pile burning also reduced fungal and bacterial respiration and resulted in large fluctuations in microbial potential N mineralization and immobilization activities. By altering soil properties important to soil conservation and plant reestablishment, slash pile burning negatively impacts forest ecosystems at localized scales. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stromberger, ME (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 1170 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mary.stromberger@colostate.edu RI Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013 OI Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.020 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 153EX UT WOS:000245415900015 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Chellemi, DO Martin, KJ Graham, JH Rosskop, EN AF Wu, Tiehang Chellemi, Dan O. Martin, Kendall J. Graham, Jim H. Rosskop, Erin N. TI Discriminating the effects of agricultural land management practices on soil fungal communities SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fungal community; ITS of rRNA gene (rDNA); length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR); land management practices; univariate analysis; multivariate analysis ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; REDUCED TILLAGE; PLANT-PATHOGENS; METHYL-BROMIDE; DIVERSITY; SYSTEMS; PCR AB The structure of fungal communities was examined in soil subjected to 5 years of different agricultural land management and tomato production practices. Length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) of fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) regions was used to create genomic fingerprints of the soil fungal communities. Three years after initiation of land management practices, univariate analysis of genetic diversity failed to detect differences among soil fungal communities in plots managed organically, conventionally or maintained free of vegetation by continuous tillage (disk fallow). Genetic diversity was significantly higher in plots maintained as a perennial pasture grass (Paspalum notatum var Argentine bahiagrass) or as an undisturbed weed fallow. The composition of soil fungal communities within organic, pasture grass or disk fallow plots were separated into unique clusters by non-parametric multivariate analysis of their Bray-Curtis similarity matrices, computed from the relative abundance of ITS-1 amplicons, while the composition of communities within disk fallow and conventional plots could not be distinguished from each other. Diversity of soil fungal communities was significantly reduced following the cultivation of tomato in year four when compared to the diversity in plots where tomato was not cultivated. Divergence in the composition of soil fungal communities was observed following the cultivation of tomato under all land management regimes except organic, where communities continued to remained clustered based upon similarities among their ITS-1 amplicons. Divergence in the composition of fungal communities became more pronounced following two major hurricanes (Francis and Jeanne, September 2004) except for communities in the organic and pasture grass plots. Following the completion of a second tomato crop in year 5, genetic diversity and richness was similar under all land management regimes except the pasture grass, where it remained significantly higher. By contrast, following two consecutive years of tomato production, unique but mutually similar compositions of fungal communities were detected only in plots subjected to the organic land management regime. This was supported by observations that fungal communities were dominated by a 341 bp rDNA amplicon fragment in all land management regimes except the organic. Cloning and sequencing indicated that the 341 bp fragment generated by LH-PCR had a sequencing size of 343 bp, which was most closely related to Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, land management practices that disturb or disrupt soil fungal communities will significantly reduce their diversity. However, the composition of soil fungal communities is more strongly influenced by land management practices and communities within an organically management system were more resistant to anthropogenic and meteorological disturbances. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. RP Wu, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM twu@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008; OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 NR 73 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.11.024 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 153EX UT WOS:000245415900018 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Sistani, KR Tewolde, H Rowe, DE AF Adeli, Ardeskir Sistani, Karamat R. Tewolde, Haile Rowe, Dennis E. TI Broiler litter application effects on selected trace elements under conventional and no-till systems SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copper; zinc; arsenic; manganese; no-till; conventional tillage; broiler litter; trace metal accumulation; cotton ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; POULTRY LITTER; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL COLUMNS; HEAVY-METALS; NITROGEN; MANURE; ZINC; COPPER AB This study was conducted on two separate commercial farms representing no-till at Coffeeville and conventional tillage system at Cruger in Mississippi to evaluate the dynamics of selected some trace elements in response to long-term broiler litter application to cotton. The soil at Cruger is a Dubbs silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs) and at Coffeeville is an Ariel silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, thermic Fluventic Dystrochreps). In each site, the experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments replicated four times. Treatments included broiler litter rates of 0, 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha(-1) in some combination with 0, 34, and 67 kg nitrogen ha. Commercial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer at recommended rate was also included. At Coffeeville location at the end of third year, soil surface (0-15 cm) total C and total copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) significantly increased with increasing broiler litter applications. In Coffeeville under the no-till system, application of broiler litter at the highest rate (6.7 Mg ha(-1)) significantly increased soil surface (0-15 cm) total C, total Cu, Zn, and As by 28%, 67%, 51%, and 69%, respectively, as compared with unfertilized control. At Cruger location, changes in soil C and trace elements were less responsive to treatment applications. Downward movement of Cu and Zn was limited to 15 cm of soil depth, but As was detected at about 30 cm of soil depth at high broiler litter application rate. Despite elevated concentrations of trace metals at the soil surface, their concentrations in the soils were in the range considered normal with no potential threat to the ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aadeli@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 172 IS 5 BP 349 EP 365 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e318032ab7d PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OH UT WOS:000246601000002 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B AF Arriaga, Francisco J. Lowery, Birl TI Response to: Comments on "A fast method for determining soil particle size distribution using a laser instrument" by F. J. Arriaga, B Lowery, and D. W. Mays. Soil Sci. 171 : 663-674 (2006) SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID DIFFRACTOMETRY; DIFFRACTION C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM farriaga@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 172 IS 5 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e31804fa2c0 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OH UT WOS:000246601000008 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Romkens, MJM Parlange, JY DiCarlo, DA Steenhuis, TS Prasad, SN AF Wells, R. R. Romkens, M. J. M. Parlange, J.-Y. DiCarlo, David A. Steenhuis, T. S. Prasad, S. N. TI A simple technique for measuring wetting front depths for selected soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; BULK-DENSITY; TIME DOMAIN; X-RAY; ERRORS AB The depth of the wetting front within a soil sample in infiltration measurements, especially in soils that develop cracks on drying, is difficult to ascertain simply and nondestructively. A technique was developed to determine wetting front locations on prepared soil beds, with a miniature penetrometer probe of the needle type, immediately following a simulated rainfall event. The method involves placing a 0.5-kg weight atop a miniature penetrometer probe and measuring the penetration depth of the probe relative to a known datum. Five texturally different soils were tested under similar laboratory conditions to evaluate this method. The penetrometer-based method provided accurate estimates of the wetting front position in laboratory simulated rainfall infiltration studies for clay, silty clay, and sandy clay soils that differed from visually observed depths by < 1 trim. For the silt loam soils, however, this method underestimated mean wetting front depths by as much as 4 turn, with a standard deviation of 1.6 mm and 95% confidence limits of +/- 2.5 nm. The penetrometer method was especially useful for detailed characterization of wetting front depths in soils where wetting was highly variable or irregular (e.g., cracking clay soils). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rwells@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 669 EP 673 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0403 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500004 ER PT J AU Franklin, DH West, LT Radcliffe, DE Hendrix, PF AF Franklin, D. H. West, L. T. Radcliffe, D. E. Hendrix, P. F. TI Characteristics and genesis of preferential flow paths in a piedmont ultisol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL-SAPROLITE SEQUENCE; CHARACTERIZING MACROPORES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; COASTAL-PLAIN; TRANSPORT; INFILTRATION; CHANNELS; WATER; MOVEMENT AB Numerous methods have been used to characterize the size and abundance of macropores in soils. Few of these studies, however, have attempted to determine what portion of the soil column is involved with water flow or to propose a mechanism by which the preferential flow paths are formed. This study was initiated to describe the abundance and characteristics of preferential flow pathways in a Typic Kanhapudult, commonly found on ridges in the Piedmont region of the southeastern USA and to determine their genesis. Forty 15-cm-diameter columns, 60 cm, in length were collected from a conventionally tilled field for identification and evaluation of preferential flow paths. Flow paths were identified using methylene blue dye and the morphology of dye-stained and undyed areas was evaluated. Pore size and abundance for dye-stained and undyed areas were evaluated by image analysis, and fabric of the two areas was described from impregnated blocks and thin sections. Most of the Ap and BA horizons of this soil contributed to flow. Only the lower part of the BA horizon and the Bt horizon had appreciable areas that were undyed, suggesting preferential flow. The dye-stained areas had slightly less clay than undyed areas. Dye-stained areas, however, had about five times more pore area than undyed areas, most of which had pores > 0.25-mm equivalent diameter. Common circular morphology of dye-stained areas and the open fabric of sod in these areas with occasional fecal pellets suggest that dye-stained areas in this soil have been biologically modified. The biological modification is attributed to tree roots and burrowing animals during the period of soil development on old and stable landscapes in the region. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franklin, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dfrankln@uga.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 752 EP 758 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0166 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500014 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Shipitalo, MJ AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Lal, R. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Aggregate disintegration and wettability for long-term management systems in the northern Appalachians SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEAL FORMATION; STABILITY; EROSION; INFILTRATION; BREAKDOWN; TILLAGE; DETACHMENT; RUNOFF; IMPACT AB Assessment of the structural properties of discrete soil aggregates is fundamental to understanding sod erosional processes. Management-induced changes in sod organic carbon (SOC) concentration may significantly alter aggregate properties. The disintegration and wetting characteristics of individual aggregates and their relationships with SOC concentrations were determined for a Rayne silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) under long-term (> 22 yr) moldboard plow (MP), no-till with (NTm) and without manure (NT), pasture, and forest systems in the northern Appalachian region. Aggregate disintegration was assessed based on the kinetic energy (KE) of simulated raindrops required to detach 1- to 8-mm aggregates at -0.01, -0.1, -1, and -154 MPa soil water potentials. Management affected aggregate resistance to the erosive energy of raindrops (P < 0.01). Aggregates from forest sods required the highest KE (> 5.0 mu J) for disintegration and those from MP sods the lowest (< 1.9 mu J). At the -0.01 MPa potential, the KE needed to disintegrate aggregates in NTm was about three times higher than for NT, indicating that manure addition improved aggregate stability. Aggregates from cropland had very low water repellency, but those from forest management have some water repellency. Aggregate disintegration was correlated with measured sod erosion in which MP required the lowest raindrop KE to produce the highest runoff and soil loss. The SOC concentration explained 48% of the variability in aggregate disintegration and 86% in aggregate wetting. Long-term management altered aggregate disintegration, but its effects on aggregate wetting within agricultural practices were small. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, OARDC, FAES,Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, OARDC, FAES,Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.2136/sssj2006.0001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500015 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Osborne, S Ellsbury, M Riedell, W AF Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. Osborne, Shannon Ellsbury, Michael Riedell, Walter TI Particulate organic matter and water-stable aggregation of soil under contrasting management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ROOT-DERIVED CARBON; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEM; WHEAT-FALLOW; STABILITY; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; INFILTRATION AB Soil organic matter (SOM) is important to soil function. The objectives of this work were to determine the effect of cropping rotation and soil management on SOM, components of SOM, and water-stable aggregation (WSA) of soil near the surface. Measurements were made on soil collected from the top 50 nun of seven sites representing contrasts between alternative and conventional management. Management included tillage, crop rotation, native grass pasture, and corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal as silage. At each site, approximately 10 kg of sod was collected from each replication. Sod was separated into six aggregate groups using a rotary sieve. Aggregate size ranges for Groups 1 to 6 were: < 0.4, 0.4 to 0. 8, 0.8 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 19, and > 19 mm. Mean weight diameter was calculated using dry aggregate size distribution. Dry aggregate stability, WSA, sod carbon (SC), SOM, fine particulate organic matter (fPOM), and coarse POM were measured on aggregates from each aggregate group. Components of SOM were not uniformly distributed among aggregate groups. Average SC (seven sites) was significantly greater under alternative (3 1.0 g kg(-1)) than conventional (22.3 g kg(-1)) management. No tillage (NT) increased fPOM/SOM by 19 and 37% compared with tillage following 4 and 10 yr of NT, respectively. A 5-yr diverse rotation increased fPOM/SOM by 36% compared with monoculture. There was a significant, positive relationship (r(2) = 0.79) between WSA and fPOM/SOM. Diversity of rotation or reduction of tillage increased WOM and WSA and this may help to curb soil loss by maintaining surface conditions resistant to erosion. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Pikul, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jpikui@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 46 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 766 EP 776 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0334 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500016 ER PT J AU Zibilske, LM Bradford, JM AF Zibilske, Larry M. Bradford, Joe M. TI Soil aggregation, aggregate carbon and nitrogen, and moisture retention induced by conservation tillage SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; PHYSICAL PROTECTION; CROPPING SEQUENCES; GRASSLAND SOILS; SEQUESTRATION; MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; FRACTIONS AB We investigated the effects of 13 yr of plow tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT), and ridge tillage (RT) on soil aggregation and moisture holding capacity under two cropping systems, corn (Zea mays L.) alone and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) followed by corn at two depths. The experiment was conducted on an Hidalgo sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, hyperthermic Typic Calciustoll). Few cropping system differences were found. Aggregation was significantly greater at the 0- to 5-cm depth with NT and RT, especially in the > 4750- and 500- to 212-mu m size classes, where aggregate C and N contents were as much as 60% and > 100%, respectively, higher than in CT. At 10 to 15 cm, CT produced greater aggregation in all but the > 4750-mu m size class but showed little enhancement of C and N retention compared with NT and RT. Mass-weighted data revealed a more biphasic retention of C and N at the 0- to 5-cm depth; more C and N were retained in the > 4750- and 500- to 212-mu m size classes at 0 to 5 cm. Most C and N was detected in the > 4750-mu m. size fraction at the 10- to 15-cm depth. Water holding capacity was significantly greater with NT and RT by > 12% over CT management. The beneficial effects of conservation tillage are directly related to soil content and accumulation of C and N. In this hot climate, in which crop residues are rapidly oxidized, soil C and N accretion rates with conservation tillage are slow but demonstrable. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Zibilske, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM lzibilske@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0217 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500019 ER PT J AU Jiang, P Anderson, SH Kitchen, NR Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA AF Jiang, P. Anderson, S. H. Kitchen, N. R. Sadler, E. J. Sudduth, K. A. TI Landscape and conservation management effects on hydraulic properties of a claypan-soil toposequence SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RESERVE PROGRAM SITE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; NO-TILL; INFILTRATION; GRASS; WATERSHEDS; EROSION; RUNOFF; RATES AB Information on the effects of landscape and its interaction with management on soil hydraulic properties is scarce. Our objective was to investigate the effects and interactions of landscape position and conservation management systems (e.g., reduced tillage or permanent grass) on soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K soil water retention, and pore-size distributions for claypan soils in central Missouri. Landscape positions included summit, backslope, and footslope positions. Management included mulch tillage with a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (MTCS); no-till with a corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation (NTCSW) with a red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) cover crop following wheat; a Conservation Reserve Program system (CRP); and a hay crop system (HAY). Intact soil cores (76 by 76 mm) were collected from 0- to 10-, 10- to 20-, and 20- to 30-cm depths. Soil properties were affected by management only in the surface 0 to 10 cm, and were controlled by the depth of the claypan horizon. Management and depth effects on soil properties varied with landscape position. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was highest for CRP and lowest for MTCS (20.2 vs. 4.3 mm h(-1)), averaged across all landscape positions and depths. T e management x landscape position interaction indicated that, at the backslope, A;at values for CRP and HAY were 16 and 10 times higher, respectively, than values for MTCS. The CRP retained the most water at soil water pressures from saturation to -1 kPa at the 0- to 10-cm depth. The fraction of larger pores was the highest for CRI? at the 0- to 10-cm depth. Results suggest that the use of perennial grasses in rotation (or permanently) will benefit soil hydraulic properties, particularly at slope positions most vulnerable to degradation where soil conditions cannot be improved by row-crop conservation systems. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environ & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jiang, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environ & Atmospher Sci, 158 Ag Eng Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Pjiang@mizzou.edu NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0236 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500020 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Herrick, JE Monger, HC AF Duniway, Michael C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Monger, H. Curtis TI The high water-holding capacity of petrocalcic horizons SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOIL-QUALITY; REPLACEMENT; CALICHE; PLANTS; ROCK; USA AB Petrocalcic soil horizons occur in most and and semiarid ecosystems around the world, often within the plant rooting zone. Little is known, however, about the water-holding characteristic of soils indurated with CaCO3. We conducted a replicated experiment to define the soa-water release curve (SWRC) for a range of petrocalcic horizon materials. Samples from both plugged and larninar zones of two Stage V petrocalcic horizons in southern New Mexico were characterized. Wetter soil-water potentials were measured using a pressure plate; more negative potentials (down to less than < -10 MPa) were measured using a chilled mirror water activity meter. Measured SWRC data were fitted to the van Genuchten equation. The SWRC methods used were found to be both reliable and repeatable. Plant-available water-holding capacity (A'NHC) for desert species (with wilting point set at -4.0 MPa) ranged from 0.26 m(3) m(-3) in plugged zones to 0.06 m(3) m(-3) in some laminar zones in contrast to about 0.07 m(3) m(-3) in the loamy sand parent material. Correlation analyses across morphologies of AWHC and soil properties resulted in significant statistical relationships only with bulk density and porosity. The AWHC and CaCO3 content, however, were significantly negatively correlated within the laminar and positively correlated within the plugged petrocalcic horizon morphologies. Cementation by CaCO3 dramatically alters the water-holding characteristics of soils and understanding these horizons is crucial to understand patterns of soil water in desert systems throughout the world. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mduniway@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0267 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500021 ER PT J AU Heitman, JL Horton, R Ren, T Ochsner, TE AF Heitman, J. L. Horton, R. Ren, T. Ochsner, T. E. TI An improved approach for measurement of coupled heat and water transfer in soil cells SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; PULSE METHOD; PROBE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Laboratory experiments on coupled heat and water transfer in soil have been limited in their measurement approaches. Inadequate temperature control creates undesired two-dimensional distributions of both temperature and moisture. Destructive sampling to determine soil volumetric water content (theta) prevents measurement of transient theta distributions and provides no direct information on soil thermal properties. The objectives of this work were to: (i) develop an instrumented closed soil cell that provides one-dimensional conditions and permits in situ measurement of temperature, theta, and thermal conductivity (lambda) under transient boundary conditions, and (ii) test this cell in a series of experiments using four soil type-initial theta combinations and 10 transient boundary conditions. Experiments were conducted using soil-insulated cells instrumented with thermo-time domain reflectometry (T-TDR) sensors. Temperature distributions measured in the experiments show nonlinearity, which is consistent with nonuniform thermal properties provided by thermal moisture distribution but differs from previous studies lacking one-dimensional temperature control. The T-TDR measurements of 0 based on dielectric permittivity, volumetric heat capacity, and change in volumetric heat capacity agreed well with post-experiment sampling, providing r(2) values of 0.87, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. Measurements of theta and lambda were also consistent with the shapes of the observed temperature distributions. Techniques implemented in these experiments allowed observation of transient temperature, theta, and X distributions on the same soil sample for 10 sequentially imposed boundary conditions, including periods of rapid redistribution. This work demonstrates that, through improved measurement techniques, the study of heat and water transfer processes can be expanded in ways previously unavailable. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. China Agr Univ, Dept Soil & Water, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Heitman, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jheitman@iastate.edu RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0327 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500029 ER PT J AU Herbel, MJ Suarez, DL Goldberg, S Gao, S AF Herbel, M. J. Suarez, D. L. Goldberg, S. Gao, S. TI Evaluation of chemical amendments for pH and redox stabilization in aqueous suspensions of three California soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; IRON REDUCTION; OXIDATION; SULFIDE; MINERALIZATION; MANGANESE; SELENIUM; SYSTEMS AB Many chemically and biologically important trace element, heavy metal, and organic contaminant reactions in soils are constrained by pH and redox conditions and changes in these conditions can significantly affect reaction rates. Although closed-system, batch methods have been used for many years to study contaminant reaction kinetics, redox conditions in such suspensions for extended durations have not been well evaluated. We tested a suite of readily available chemicals for their ability to buffer pH and redox potential (EH) of anaerobic soil-water (1:4 or 1:5) suspensions at specific levels under closed conditions. After initial titration, 20 mM Good buffers (e.g., PIPES) were used to stabilize the pH of the soil suspensions within +/- 0.3 units of the target pH (5.8-8.9) for a period of at least 8 d. The ability of redox active chemicals, such as NaNO3, Fe(III)nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), Ti(III)NTA, Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides, cysteine-HCI, dithiothreitol, and ascorbic acid, to stabilize EH at specific levels (400 to -300 mV) depended heavily on the initial concentration of the chemical as well as the organic C and N status of the soil. Redox stabilization in most soils was typically achieved within a period of 3 to 4 wk. Iron(II)/Fe(III) ratios in 1 M HCl soil extracts and S(-II)/SO(4)(2-)ratios in filtrates generally reflected the redox condition as measured by the Pt electrode. This investigation demonstrates that the PH and EH of enclosed soil-water suspensions can be buffered for long periods across a wide range of conditions using soluble chemicals alone. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. BioScreen Testing Serv, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. USDA SEA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC Water Management Res, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Herbel, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM mjherbel@yahoo.com NR 53 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0209 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500035 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Zhang, TQ Pellechia, PJ Caliebe, WA AF He, Zhongqi Honeycutt, C. Wayne Zhang, Tiequan Pellechia, Perry J. Caliebe, Wolfgang A. TI Distinction of metal species of phytate by solid-state spectroscopic techniques SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; P-31 NMR; PHOSPHORUS SPECIATION; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHATES; SOILS; MANURE; SPECTRA; WATER AB Solid-state P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies have provided knowledge on metal speciation of inorganic P. No effort has been made, however, to accurately assign speciated metal phytates (inositol hexaphosphoric acid salts) using these advanced techniques. Phytate is a predominant form of organic P in animal manure, soil, and other organic substances as each year 51 million Mg of phytate are formed in crops and fruits globally. Currently, the interactions and fate of phytate in the environment are poorly understood. Here we show the solidstate spectral characteristics of six metal phytates. Both spectra were affected by the metal species of the phytates, as significant differences were observed in the shape and position of spectra among the metal phytates. Reference spectra of these pure metal phytate compounds may help in identifying metal species of phytate in environmental samples by these advanced spectroscopic technologies. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 940 EP 943 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0175N PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500036 ER PT J AU Mallory, EB Griffin, TS AF Mallory, E. B. Griffin, T. S. TI Impacts of soil amendment history on nitrogen availability from manure and fertilizer SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN; TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GRASSLAND SOILS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; MOISTURE REGIMES; N MINERALIZATION; FARMING SYSTEMS AB Repeated, long-term additions of organic materials not only increase stocks of mineralizable Soil N, but also bring about changes in soil characteristics that influence N dynamics. We conducted an aerobic incubation to explore how soil amendment history affects the transformation and availability of recently added N. Soil was collected from plots under contrasting amended and nonamended soil management systems in a 13-yr cropping systems experiment. Nitrogen source treatments were: no added N (control), NH4+ fertilizer (Fert), a net mineralizing manure (MManure), and a net immobilizing manure (IManure). Soil NH4+ and NO3- concentrations were monitored for 282 d. A two-pool, first-order model with fixed rate parameters was fitted to the NO3- accumulation data. When no N was added, net mineralization in the historically amended soil was twice that in the historically nonamended soil, mostly due to differences in soil total N stocks. When N sources were added, NH4+ consumption, net N mineralization, and estimated N pools were affected by both soil amendment history and N source, with a significant interaction between the two factors. Historically amended soil reduced the availability of recently added N relative to the nonamended soil. This reduction occurred in the active pool (N,) for MManure and in the slow pool (N-2) for Fert. It appeared to be related to the timing of C availability. Future work modeling N availability should consider soil amendment history not only for its effects on soil N supply capacity, but also for its effects on the availability of recently added N sources. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mallory, EB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ellen.mallory@maine.edu NR 67 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 964 EP 973 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0244 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500039 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Tewolde, H AF Adeli, A. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. Tewolde, H. TI Effects of broiler litter applied to no-till and tillage cotton on selected soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; POULTRY LITTER; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTRACTION METHOD; FEEDLOT MANURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SHORT-TERM AB Improved understanding of the effects of broiler litter application to row crops as a source of nutrients on soil properties is required to predict the outcome of litter applications and prevent undesirable environmental impacts. This study was conducted on two separate commercial farms representing a no-till system at Coffeeville and a conventional-tillage system at Cruger in Mississippi to evaluate soil chemical, physical, and biological properties in response to 3 yr of broiler litter application with or without supplemental N. In each location, the experimental design was a randomized complete block with six treatments replicated four times. Treatments included broiler litter rates of 0, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha(-1) in some combination with 0, 34, and 67 kg N ha(-1). Commercial N-P-K fertilizer at the recommended rate was included. At the Coffeeville location, changes in soil characters increased with increasing broiler litter applications, and at the rate of 6.7 Mg ha(-1), soil pH, P, total N, total C, microbial biomass C, and soil aggregate stability significandy increased by 22, 20, 18, 20, 28, and 34%, respectively, as compared with commercial fertilizer treatment at the recommended rate. At the Cruger location, changes in soil character were less responsive to treatment applications. For the same broiler litter rate at Coffeeville and Cruger, no significant difference in the changes of soil character was obtained between a combination of broiler litter with supplemental N and broiler litter alone treatments. At both locations, broiler litter at rates > 4.5 Mg ha(-1) with 67 kg ha(-1) supplemental N did not increased cotton lint yield and exceeded the crop N use potential as evidenced by increasing soil profile NO3-N. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM AAdeli@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 974 EP 983 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0092 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500040 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Emmerich, WE Goodrich, DC Miller, SN McChesney, DS AF Rhoton, F. E. Emmerich, W. E. Goodrich, D. C. Miller, S. N. McChesney, D. S. TI An aggregation/erodibility index for soils in a semiarid watershed, southeastern Arizona SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; LANDSCAPE POSITION; WALNUT-GULCH; RANGELAND; HILLSLOPE; REGION; CARBON AB Variations in sod profile thickness, surface soil properties, erosion rates, runoff, and sediment properties within similar sods and watersheds are controlled by slope factors such as steepness, length, and position through their influence on sod water regimes, and thus soil erodibifity. This study was conducted to determine the effects of slope on the variation of sod erodibility at watershed scales using an aggregation index (Al) approach and soil attributes that influence erodibiliLy and suspended sediment properties. Each major soil type in six subwatersheds (SWs) was sampled along transects positioned to represent the normal slope factors within a given mapping unit. At each sampling point, latitude-longitude, slope steepness, position, and aspect were recorded. Sod samples collected from the surface 5.0 cm were characterized for particle-size distribution, water dispersible clay (WDC), total and organic Q pH, and quantitative color. Suspended sediment samples collected from each SW were characterized for similar parameters. Clay contents of the soils and suspended sediments averaged 141.3 and 179.3 g kg(-1), respectively. An All, was used as an indicator of sod erodibility. Enrichment ratios (ER) for clay contents in the sediment ranged from 1.03 to 1.67. The correlation coefficient (r) for Al versus ER was -0.946 (p < 0.01) indicating a strong relationship between watershed sod erodibility and suspended sediment properties. The data show that Al was greatest on the steeper slope classes, toeslope and backslope positions, and on the more northern aspects. These results suggest that AI can be used to determine the erodibility over a range of sod and slope conditions. C1 USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA, ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM frhoton@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 984 EP 992 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0238 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500041 ER PT J AU Clay, DE Clapp, CE Reese, C Liu, Z Carlson, CG Woodard, H Bly, A AF Clay, D. E. Clapp, C. E. Reese, C. Liu, Z. Carlson, C. G. Woodard, H. Bly, A. TI Carbon-13 fractionation of relic soil organic carbon during mineralization effects calculated half-lives SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; DECOMPOSITION; RESIDUE; DISCRIMINATION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; TURNOVER AB The C-13 natural abundance approach for determining soil organic C (SOC) stability and turnover has been used to determine SOC mineralization kinetics. These calculations generally assume that C-13 fractionation during relic SOC and unharvested biomass mineralization is insignificant. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of this assumption on calculated relic SOC half-lives. Study sites were located in Minnesota and South Dakota. At the Minnesota site, SOC contained in the surface 30 cm of soil in a fallowed area decreased from 90.8 to 73.2 Mg ha(-1) during a 22-yr period. Associated with this decrease was a 0.72 parts per thousand increase in the soil delta C-13 values (from -18-97 to -18.25 parts per thousand). Based on these values, the Rayleigh fractionation constant (epsilon) of relic SOC was -3.45 parts per thousand. At the South Dakota site, SOC decreased 10% (2.8 +/- 1.8 g kg(-1)) and delta C-13 increased 3.2% (0.548 +/- 0.332 parts per thousand) during a 5-yr period. The Rayleigh fractionation constant for this experiment was -6.94 parts per thousand ( 4.74 parts per thousand). In a separate experiment, the delta C-13 value of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue remained unchanged after 4 mo. The impact of C-13 enrichment during relic C mineralization on calculated C budgets depends on the type of residue returned to the soil. A simulation study showed that for systems where C-4 residues are returned to soil derived from C-3 and C-4 plants, not considering C-13 enrichment during relic SOC mineralization will result in underestimating relic SOC half-lives and overestimating the contribution of fresh C-4 biomass in the SOC. The effect of C-13 enrichment during relic SOC and unharvested biomass mineralization had cumulative impacts on C budgets and did not cancel each other out. The reverse was true for C-3 biomass. To minimize these errors, SOC maintenance rate experiments should measure C-13 enrichment during relic SOC and unharvested biomass mineralization. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.clay@sdstate.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1009 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0193 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500043 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV Yesilonis, ID Russell-Anelli, J Neerchal, NK AF Pouyat, R. V. Yesilonis, I. D. Russell-Anelli, J. Neerchal, N. K. TI Soil chemical and physical properties that differentiate urban land-use and cover types SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BULK DEPOSITION; RURAL GRADIENT; CARBON POOLS; HONG-KONG; LEAD; BALTIMORE; FOREST; AREAS AB We investigated the effects of land use and cover and surface geology on soil properties in Baltimore, MD, with the objectives to: (i) measure the physical and chemical properties of surface soils (0-10 cm) by land use and cover; and (ii) ascertain whether land use and cover explain differences in these properties relative to surface geology. Mean and median values of each variable measured across all plots showed that soil properties varied considerably. Chemical properties generally varied more than physical properties. A subset of the variables measured showed a pattern with land use and cover. Potassium, P, and bulk density were the most discerning variables differentiating forest cover from land uses dominated by turfgrass cover. Soil PH differentiated residential land use and cover from the other turfgrass types. This separation may reflect differences in management, e.g., additions of fertilizer, although additional research is needed to assess the importance of management on soil properties. Differences in surface soil properties among land use and cover types could be useful when conducting urban soil surveys, at least to spatially differentiate remnant soils from highly disturbed and managed soils. Other soil properties (Al, Mg, V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and soil texture) were related to surface geology and thus unique to the Baltimore region. The importance of surface geology was contrary to our expectation that urban factors would be more important in determining the distribution of surface soil characteristics. Heavy metal concentrations did not differentiate land use and cover, suggesting that these elements are more related to other factors. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, Baltimory Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, Baltimory Ecosyst Study, 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 89 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 75 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1019 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0164 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500044 ER PT J AU Gillabel, J Denef, K Brenner, J Merckx, R Paustian, K AF Gillabel, Jeroen Denef, Karolien Brenner, John Merckx, Roel Paustian, Keith TI Carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in center-pivot irrigated and dryland cultivated farming systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MACROAGGREGATE DYNAMICS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; C SEQUESTRATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; STABILITY; WATER; STABILIZATION; FRACTIONATION; TURNOVER AB Although irrigation is considered a beneficiary management for increasing soil organic C (SOC) stocks in (semi)arid environments, our understanding of the impact of irrigation on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in the field remains limited. We investigated the effect of irrigation on soil C storage in relation to soil aggregation by measuring C stocks of bulk soil and different aggreagate fractions in the top 20-cm layer of center-pivot irrigated vs. dryland farming systems in semiarid southwestern Nebraska. The irrigated fields (IRR) showed increased C inputs and larger SOC stocks than the dryland cultivated fields (DRY). Fractionation of bulk soil samples into non-microaggregate-associated particulate organic matter (free POM) and microaggregate-associated POM, silt, and clay fractions indicated that the larger bulk SOC stock under IRR was explained solely by an increase in microaggregate-associated C storage. Wet sieving of bulk soil showed that microaggregation was remarkably low under DRY and did not increase under IRR, suggesting that the protection of microaggregates inside macroaggregates was no prerequisite for C sequestration under IRR. The results of this study confirm the potential of irrigation to increase soil C stocks through preferential sequestration of C inside microaggregates, but question our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this preferential sequestration. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Land Management & Econ, Div Soil & Water Management, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Lab Appl Phys Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA, NRCS, Lakewood, CO 80226 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gillabel, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Land Management & Econ, Div Soil & Water Management, Kasteelpk Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM Jeroen.Gillabel@biw.kuleuven.be RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1020 EP 1028 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0215 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169OW UT WOS:000246602500045 ER PT J AU Reicosky, DC Archer, DW AF Reicosky, D. C. Archer, D. W. TI Moldboard plow tillage depth and short-term carbon dioxide release SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil carbon; soil organic matter; gas exchange; carbon fluxes; portable chamber ID SOIL CO2 EVOLUTION; REGRESSION-MODELS; CHAMBER; SURFACE; FLUXES AB Agricultural ecosystems can play a significant role in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, specifically, carbon dioxide (CO2). Intensification of agricultural production is an important factor influencing greenhouse gas emission, particularly the relationship between intensive tillage and soil carbon (C) loss. Information is needed on the mechanism and magnitude of greenhouse gas generation and emission from agricultural soils with specific emphasis on tillage operations. The specific objective of this work was to evaluate the short-term effects of moldboard plowing depth on CO2 loss from a Barnes loam (Udic Haploboroll, fine loamy, mixed) in west central Minnesota, U.S.A. Experimental treatments were weed-free replicated plots, moldboard plowed to depths of 0.102, 0.152, 0.203, and 0.280 m using two passes of a four-bottom conventional moldboard plow (MP) following harvest of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop that was compared with an undisturbed area (no-tillage). The CO, flux was measured immediately after the tillage with a large, portable chamber commonly used to measure crop canopy gas exchange and continued intermittently for several hours after the initial tillage and at 24 and 48 h and periodically to 500 h after tillage. To cope with the weather-induced temporal variability, the flux data at each tillage depth was fitted to the same two-pail exponential function for smoothing temporal trends and statistical analysis. The CO2 release immediately following tillage increased with plow depth, and in every case was substantially higher than that from the no-tillage treatment. Expressing the results relative to no till (NT) showed the relative cumulative CO2 loss for plowed depths were 3.8, 6.7, 8.2, and 10.3 times larger than NT for the MP 0.102 m, MP 0.152 m, MP 0.203 m and MP 0.280 m, respectively. The smaller CO2 loss with shallow tillage was significant and suggests progress is being made in understanding the effect of tillage intensity on soil C management. Any effort to decrease tillage depth and maximize crop residue return to the soil surface should result lower in fuel consumption and increase soil C sequestration for enhanced environmental quality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM reicosky@morris.ars.usda.gov; archer@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 36 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.07.004 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 154WD UT WOS:000245537700012 ER PT J AU Li, S Lobb, DA Lindstrom, MJ AF Li, Sheng Lobb, David A. Lindstrom, Michael J. TI Tillage translocation and tillage erosion in cereal-based production in Manitoba, Canada SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tillage translocation; tillage erosion; modeling; slope curvature; secondary tillage; seeding; cereal-based production ID SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; SOIL CONDITION; SLOPE; LANDSCAPES AB Tillage erosion is a potential contributor to the total soil erosion occurring within cultivated fields. No study has been carried out on tillage erosion associated with cereal-based production systems, which are the predominant form of crop production in the Canadian Prairies. Previous tillage translocation studies have focused on primary tillage implements (i.e. mouldboard and chisel ploughs), with slope gradient normally assumed to be the only factor that affects tillage translocation. Currently, there is a lack of information available with regards to the effect of secondary tillage and seeding implements and of slope curvature toward total tillage translocation and erosion. In this study, 77 plots were established within a field site in southern Manitoba, Canada to examine tillage translocation caused by four tillage implements: air-seeder, spring-tooth-harrow, light-cultivator and deep-tiller. Together, these four implements create a typical conventional tillage sequence for cereal-based production in Canadian Prairies. We determined that secondary tillage implements could be as erosive as primary tillage implements. In addition, the erosivity of the air-seeder was comparable to that of the deep-tiller, the primary tillage implement, when seeding was conducted shortly after the light-cultivator. In the majority of cases, tillage translocation could be explained by slope gradient alone, confirming that slope gradient is the main factor driving tillage translocation. However, slope curvature also significantly affected tillage translocation and should be used for future modeling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Lobb, DA (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM lobbda@ms.umanitoba.ca NR 23 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 BP 164 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.07.019 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 154WD UT WOS:000245537700017 ER PT J AU Wang, JX McNeel, J Goff, W Milauskas, S AF Wang, Jingxin McNeel, Joseph Goff, William Milauskas, Steve TI Assessment of compliance of forestry best management practices in West Virginia SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE BMP; compliance assessment; logging; timber harvesting; forest operations AB The compliance of forestry best management practices (BMP) was assessed based on 116 randomly selected sites harvested between November 2003 and March 2004 in West Virginia. Landowners were contacted to gain permission for site visits according to the random list. The landowners also were interviewed to identify their knowledge and satisfaction about the harvest and BMP. Four checklists were used to assess 29 BMPs on haul roads, skid trails, landings, and in streamside management zones (SMZ). A general increasing trend in BMP compliance was noted in this statewide BMP assessment with an overall BMP compliance of 74%. Results also indicated that the BMP compliances averaged 81% on haul roads, 68% on skid trails, 80% on landings, and 55% in SMZs. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. State & Private Forestry USDA Forest Serv, Wood Educ & Resource Ctr, NE Area, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jxwang@wvu.edu; joseph.mcneel@mail.wvu.edu; tony.goff@mail.wvu.edu; smilauskas@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 170NY UT WOS:000246671400001 ER PT J AU Brosofske, KD Cleland, DT Saunders, SC AF Brosofske, Kimberley D. Cleland, David T. Saunders, Sari C. TI Factors influencing modern wildfire occurrence in the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE classification and regression trees; logistic regression; fire probability; wildfire risk; wildfire management ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; FIRE HISTORY; MOUNTAIN FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; REGIMES; FUELS; USA; REGRESSION; LANDSCAPE; FREQUENCY AB Understanding relative influences of ecological and anthropogenic factors on wildfire occurrence can assist decisionmakers in allocating fire management resources. We examined the influences of ecological and anthropogenic variables on probability of modern fire occurrence in the Mark Twain National Forest (MTNF), Missouri, using classification and regression tree (CART) and logistic regression analyses. Models were developed for five classes of fire size. Although CART distinguished some effects of fire size on results, logistic regression indicated a single model developed for all fires was sufficient for predictions. Ecological subsection was a dominating influence on fire occurrence for final CART and logistic models, highlighting the potential usefulness of ecosystem classification as a framework for considering factors influencing modern wildfires. Other influential predictors included ecosystem fire resistance; distance to roads, cities, and railroads; road density; mean October precipitation; elevation; median house value; and population density. Wildfires in the MTNF are caused overwhelmingly by arson, which, when combined with our results, suggests that arsonists may seek out flammable fuel types in remote areas with easy access. Within this general anthropogenic fire regime, we found a more subordinate effect of specific human variables (e.g., population density) on modern fire occurrence than did similar studies in the Upper Midwest, perhaps because our study area encompassed primarily federal forestlands with low population density. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Eastern Reg Off, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Brosofske, KD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM kdbrosof@mtu.edu; dcleland@fs.fed.us; sari.saunders@gov.bc.ca NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 170NY UT WOS:000246671400003 ER PT J AU Molnar, JJ Schelhas, J Holeski, C AF Molnar, Joseph J. Schelhas, John Holeski, Carrie TI Nonindustrial private forest landowners and the southern pine beetle: Factors affecting monitoring, preventing, and controlling infestations SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE southern pine beetle; prevention; extension; landowners; education AB The southern pine beetle (SPB; Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) has been a major source of timber and income loss to nonindustrial private forest landowners in the southern region of United States. Efforts to promote forest health through prevention and control must identify new ways to reach the sociologically diverse and spatially dispersed nonindustrial private landowners in this region. This study examined the knowledge levels, perceptions, and forest management practices among a sample of 205 southern forest landowners contacted in a mail survey. Results show that respondents with personal value commitments to conservation and wise use of forestland took more monitoring, prevention, and control actions. Membership in forest landowner associations, familiarity with public assistance programs, and use of more sources of forest management advice defined a context for increased awareness, interest, and desire to manage the SPB. Furthermore, two aspects of the landowner situation seemed to enhance the propensity to take SPB prevention and control actions. Recent SPB-caused timber losses in the county and the presence of a written management plan were associated with greater prevention efforts. An established consideration of what treatments and purposes a piece of property was to receive seemed to lead to better responsiveness to forest health risks such as the SPB. Although plans to harvest timber seemed to enhance vigilance about the SPB, involving forest holders in a broader community of landowners seems to be a central means for stimulating the vigilance and commitment necessary to intervene early in the development of forest health problems before larger losses ensue. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Molnar, JJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM molnajj@auburn.edu; scheljo@auburn.edu; holescm@auburn.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 170NY UT WOS:000246671400005 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Gillen, AM Whitworth, JL AF Novy, R. G. Gillen, A. M. Whitworth, J. L. TI Characterization of the expression and inheritance of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) resistance in three generations of germplasm derived from Solanum etuberosum SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GREEN PEACH APHID; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; HAIRY NIGHTSHADE; MYZUS-PERSICAE; ROLL VIRUS; TUBEROSUM; BREVIDENS; HYBRIDIZATION; PROGENIES; PLANTS AB Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are two of the most important viral pathogens of potato. Infection of potato by these viruses results in losses of yield and quality in commercial production and in the rejection of seed in certification programs. Host plant resistance to these two viruses was identified in the backcross progeny of a Solanum etuberosum Lindl. somatic hybrid. Multiple years of field evaluations with high-virus inoculum and aphid populations have shown the PVY and PLRV resistances of S. etuberosum to be stably expressed in two generations of progeny. However, while PLRV resistance was transmitted and expressed in the third generation of backcrossing to cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum), PVY resistance was lost. PLRV resistance appears to be monogenic based on the inheritance of resistance in a BC(3) population. Data from a previous evaluation of the BC(2) progeny used in this study provides evidence that PLRV resistance was partly conferred by reduced PLRV accumulation in foliage. The field and grafting data presented in this study suggests that resistance to the systemic spread of PLRV from infected foliage to tubers also contributes to the observed resistance from S. etuberosum. The PLRV resistance contributed by S. etuberosum is stably transmitted and expressed through sexual generations and therefore would be useful to potato breeders for the development of PLRV resistant potato cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM rnovy@uidaho.edu; agillen@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; jwhit@uidaho.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1161 EP 1172 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0508-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900004 PM 17318495 ER PT J AU Zalapa, JE Staub, JE McCreight, JD Chung, SM Cuevas, H AF Zalapa, J. E. Staub, J. E. McCreight, J. D. Chung, S. M. Cuevas, H. TI Detection of QTL for yield-related traits using recombinant inbred lines derived from exotic and elite US Western Shipping melon germplasm SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP); best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE); composite interval mapping; epistasis; quantitative trait loci ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L.; BIRDSNEST-TYPE MUSKMELONS; GENETIC-MAP; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; AFLP MARKERS; DOWNY MILDEW; LINKAGE MAPS AB The inheritance of yield-related traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.; 2n = 2x = 24) is poorly understood, and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such traits has not been reported. Therefore, a set of 81 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was developed from a cross between the monoecious, highly branched line USDA 846-1 and a standard vining, andromonoecious cultivar, 'Top Mark'. The RIL, parental lines, and three control cultivars ('Esteem', 'Sol Dorado', and 'Hales Best Jumbo') were grown at Hancock, WI and El Centro, CA in 2002, and evaluated for primary branch number (PB), fruit number per plant (FN), fruit weight per plant (FW), average weight per fruit (AWF), and percentage of mature fruit per plot (PMF). A 190-point genetic map was constructed using 114 RAPD, 43 SSR, 32 AFLP markers, and one phenotypic trait. Fifteen linkage groups spanned 1,116 cM with a mean marker interval of 5.9 cM. A total of 37 QTL were detected in both locations (PB = 6, FN = 9, FW = 12, AWF = 5, and PMF = 5). QTL analyses revealed four location-independent factors for PB (pb1.1, pb1.2, pb2.3, and pb10.5), five for FN (fn1.1, fn1.2, fn1.3, fn2.4, and fn8.8), four for FW (fw5.8, fw6.10, fw8.11, and fw8.12), two for AWF (awf1.3 and awf8.5), and one for PMF (pmf10.4). The significant (P <= 0.05) positive phenotypic correlations observed among PB, FN, and FW, and negative phenotypic correlations between PB and AWF and between FN and AWF were consistent with the genomic locations and effects (negative vs. positive) of the QTL detected. Results indicate that genes resident in highly branched melon types have potential for increasing yield in US Western Shipping type germplasm via marker-assisted selection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Dongguk Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wisc.edu NR 90 TC 41 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1185 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0510-8 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900006 PM 17294163 ER PT J AU Szalma, SJ Hostert, BM LeDeaux, JR Stuber, CW Holland, JB AF Szalma, S. J. Hostert, B. M. LeDeaux, J. R. Stuber, C. W. Holland, J. B. TI QTL mapping with near-isogenic lines in maize SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; INBRED LINES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CULTIVATED TOMATO; RFLP MARKERS; BACKCROSS; RESISTANCE; GENOME AB A set of 89 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of maize was created using marker-assisted selection. Nineteen genomic regions, identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism loci and chosen to represent portions of all ten maize chromosomes, were introgressed by backcrossing three generations from donor line Tx303 into the B73 genetic background. NILs were genotyped at an additional 128 simple sequence repeat loci to estimate the size of introgressions and the amount of background introgression. Tx303 introgressions ranged in size from 10 to 150 cM, with an average of 60 cM. Across all NILs, 89% of the Tx303 genome is represented in targeted and background introgressions. The average proportion of background introgression was 2.5% (range 0-15%), significantly lower than the expected value of 9.4% for third backcross generation lines developed without marker-assisted selection. The NILs were grown in replicated field evaluations in two years to map QTLs for flowering time traits. A parallel experiment of testcrosses of each NIL to the unrelated inbred, Mo17, was conducted in the same environments to map QTLs in NIL testcross hybrids. QTLs affecting days to anthesis, days to silking, and anthesis-silk interval were detected in both inbreds and hybrids in both environments. The testing environments differed dramatically for drought stress, and different sets of QTLs were detected across environments. Furthermore, QTLs detected in inbreds were typically different from QTLs detected in hybrids, demonstrating the genetic complexity of flowering time. NILs can serve as a valuable genetic mapping resource for maize breeders and geneticists. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Monsanto Co, Woodland, CA 95616 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM James_Holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 45 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0512-6 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900008 PM 17308934 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Beecher, B Morris, CF AF Massa, Alicia N. Beecher, Brian Morris, Craig F. TI Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in wheat and wild relatives: molecular evidence for a multigene family SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INVERTED-REPEAT ELEMENTS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENE FAMILY; DURUM-WHEAT; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; LOCATION; STOWAWAY AB Wheat polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the major cause of browning reactions that discolor Asian noodles and other wheat products. It has been hypothesized that genes encoding wheat PPOs may have evolved by gene duplication into a multigene family. Here we characterized PPO genomic sequences from diploid (Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, Aegilops tauschii, and Ae. speltoides), tetraploid (T. turgidum, subspecies dicoccoides and durum) and hexaploid (T. aestivum cultivars Klasic and ID377s) wheat species to gain a better understanding of the structure and organization of PPO genes. DNA fragments were amplified from a highly polymorphic and phylogenetic informative region of the gene. As a result, we obtained highly discriminative sequences. Three distinct PPOs, obtained from the A genome of T. monococcum, provided evidence for gene duplication events (paralogous loci). Furthermore, the number of sequences obtained for bread and durum wheat was higher than the expected number of orthologous loci. Sequence comparison revealed nucleotide and structural diversity, and detected five sequence intron types, all with a common insertion position. This was hypothesized to be homologous to that of intron 2 of previously reported wheat PPOs. A MITE of the Stowaway family accounted for the major difference between the five intervening sequences, and was unique to T. aestivum cv. Klasic. Nucleotide and structural diversity, together with well-resolved phylogenetic trees, provided molecular evidence to support the hypothesis of a PPO multigene family structure and organization. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1239 EP 1247 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0514-4 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900010 PM 17468807 ER PT J AU Lin, F Chen, XM AF Lin, F. Chen, X. M. TI Genetics and molecular mapping of genes for race-specific all-stage resistance and non-race-specific high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat cultivar Alpowa SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WILD EMMER WHEAT; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the preferred control of the disease. The spring wheat cultivar 'Alpowa' has both race-specific, all-stage resistance and non-race-specific, high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistances to stripe rust. To identify genes for the stripe rust resistances, Alpowa was crossed with 'Avocet Susceptible' (AVS). Seedlings of the parents, and F-1, F-2 and F-3 progeny were tested with races PST-1 and PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici under controlled greenhouse conditions. Alpowa has a single partially dominant gene, designated as YrAlp, conferring all-stage resistance. Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to YrAlp. A linkage group of five RGAP markers and two SSR markers was constructed for YrAlp using 136 F-3 lines. Amplification of a set of nulli-tetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with RGAP markers Xwgp47 and Xwgp48 and the two SSR markers indicated that YrAlp is located on the short arm of chromosome 1B. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the non-race-specific HTAP resistance, the parents and 136 F-3 lines were tested at two sites near Pullman and one site near Mount Vernon, Washington, under naturally infected conditions. A major HTAP QTL was consistently detected across environments and was located on chromosome 7BL. Because of its chromosomal location and the non-race-specific nature of the HTAP resistance, this gene is different from previously described genes for adult-plant resistance, and is therefore designated Yr39. The gene contributed to 64.2% of the total variation of relative area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) data and 59.1% of the total variation of infection type data recorded at the heading-flowering stages. Two RGAP markers, Xwgp36 and Xwgp45 with the highest R-2 values were closely linked to Yr39, should be useful for incorporation of the non-race-specific resistance gene into new cultivars and for combining Yr39 with other genes for durable and high-level resistance. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Shenyang Agr Univ, Biosci & Technol Coll, Shenyang, Peoples R China. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu NR 45 TC 80 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1277 EP 1287 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0518-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900013 PM 17318493 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Beecher, B Morris, CF AF Massa, Alicia N. Beecher, Brian Morris, Craig F. TI Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in wheat and wild relatives: molecular evidence for a multigene family (vol 114, pg 1239, 2007) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1303 EP 1304 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0531-3 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 163TK UT WOS:000246185900015 PM 27519978 ER PT J AU Kuraparthy, V Chhuneja, P Dhaliwal, HS Kaur, S Bowden, RL Gill, BS AF Kuraparthy, Vasu Chhuneja, Parveen Dhaliwal, Harcharan S. Kaur, Satinder Bowden, Robert L. Gill, Bikram S. TI Characterization and mapping of cryptic alien introgression from Aegilops geniculata with new leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; INDUCED HOMOEOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMMON WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; SPECIFYING RESISTANCE; TRANSLOCATION LINES; STANDARD KARYOTYPE; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA AB Leaf rust and stripe rust are important foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Leaf rust and stripe rust resistant introgression lines were developed by induced homoeologous chromosome pairing between wheat chromosome 5D and 5M(g) of Aegilops geniculata ((UMg)-M-g). Characterization of rust resistant BC2F5 and BC3F6 homozygous progenies using genomic in situ hybridization with Aegilops comosa (M) DNA as probe identified three different types of introgressions; two cytologically visible and one invisible (termed cryptic alien introgression). All three types of introgression lines showed similar and complete resistance to the most prevalent pathotypes of leaf rust and stripe rust in Kansas (USA) and Punjab (India). Diagnostic polymorphisms between the alien segment and recipient parent were identified using physically mapped RFLP probes. Molecular mapping revealed that cryptic alien introgression conferring resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust comprised less than 5% of the 5DS arm and was designated T5DL center dot 5DS-5M(g)S(0.95). Genetic mapping with an F-2 population of Wichita x T5DL center dot 5DS-5M(g)S(0.95) demonstrated the monogenic and dominant inheritance of resistance to both diseases. Two diagnostic RFLP markers, previously mapped on chromosome arm 5DS, co-segregated with the rust resistance in the F-2 population. The unique map location of the resistant introgression on chromosome T5DL center dot 5DS-5M(g)S(0.95) suggested that the leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes were new and were designated Lr57 and Yr40. This is the first documentation of a successful transfer and characterization of cryptic alien introgression from Ae. geniculata conferring resistance to both leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Plant Breeding Genet & Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 68 TC 73 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1379 EP 1389 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0524-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 166EI UT WOS:000246360300007 PM 17356867 ER PT J AU Miranda, LM Murphy, JP Marshall, D Cowger, C Leath, S AF Miranda, L. M. Murphy, J. P. Marshall, D. Cowger, C. Leath, S. TI Chromosomal location of Pm35, a novel Aegilops tauschii derived powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SQUARROSA L; IDENTIFICATION; PM2; REGISTRATION AB A single gene controlling powdery mildew resistance was identified in the North Carolina germplasm line NC96BGTD3 (NCD3) using genetic analysis of F-2 derived lines from a NCD3 X Saluda cross. Microsatellite markers linked to this Pm gene were identified and their most likely order was Xcfd7, 10.3 cM, Xgdm43, 8.6 cM, Xcfd26, 11.9 cM, Pm gene. These markers and the Pm gene were assigned to chromosome 5DL by means of Chinese Spring Nullitetrasomic (Nulli5D-tetra5A) and ditelosomic (Dt5DL) lines. A detached leaf test showed a distinctive disease reaction to six pathogen isolates among the NCD3 Pm gene, Pm2 (5DS) and Pm34 (5DL). An allelism test showed independence between Pm34 and the NCD3 Pm gene. Together, the tests provided strong evidence for the presence of a novel Pm gene in NCD3, and this gene was designated Pm35. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miranda, LM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lmiranda@uga.edu NR 23 TC 48 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1451 EP 1456 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0530-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 166EI UT WOS:000246360300013 PM 17356863 ER PT J AU Kirk, IW AF Kirk, I. W. TI Measurement and prediction of atomization parameters from fixed-wing aircraft spray nozzles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aircraft; nozzles; spray; droplets; models AB A survey of spray nozzles used by the agricultural aviation industry identified nozzles and operating conditions that were most commonly used in applying agricultural chemicals in the U.S. Eleven hydraulic nozzles and their typical range of operating conditions were selected from the survey. These eleven nozzles were subjects of a research program to develop spray atomization models that would be easy for aerial applicators to use in adjusting operations to control spray drift from aerial agricultural sprays. Each nozzle was conducted through a series of trials in a spray nozzle test facility equipped with a laser spectrometer to develop a data set for atomization model development. Computer spreadsheet models were developed from the data set with operator selection of a specific spray nozzle and inputs of nozzle orifice size, spray discharge angle, spray pressure, and aircraft airspeed. The model outputs included droplet size parameters, drift potential parameters, and droplet spectra classification. Aircraft speed was the dominating factor influencing atomization from most of the spray nozzle models. Validation studies showed that the models gave useful estimates of the computed parameters for estimating compliance with product label and state regulatory agency requirements for spray drift mediation. The models are available on-line and in a user handbook as well as in the current technical presentation. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM buddy-ik@suddenlink.net NR 26 TC 12 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 693 EP 703 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800001 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Herzmann, ME Binversie, BN Digman, MF AF Shinners, K. J. Herzmann, M. E. Binversie, B. N. Digman, M. F. TI Harvest fractionation of alfalfa SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY 2004 CL Minneapolis, MN DE alfalfa; biomass; drying rate; ensiling; fractionation; leaves; lucerne ID DIGESTIBILITY; ENSILAGE; LEAF AB Fractionation of alfalfa leaves and stems at harvest could allow ruminant rations to be tailored for optimum economic return or improve the viability of alfalfa as a biomass feedstock Harvest fractionation was done by stripping the leaves from the stem at the time of harvest using a tined rotor. The stripped fraction consisted of about 90% leaf tissue, and 94% of the available leaf dry matter (DM) yield was removed in the stripped fraction. The standing fraction was either cut immediately after stripping or allowed to stand and regrow leaves for a period of 7 or 14 days. Leaf regrowth was evident in three to five days, but leaf yield was much less than that at initial stripping. The particle size of the stripped fraction was no different than chopped whole plant alfalfa, so no further size reduction of the stripped fraction was needed before ensiling. The density of the stripped fraction was 11% greater than that of the chopped whole plant in a drop hammer density test. The stripped fraction was successfully ensiled in mini-silos using ground corn grain as an amendment or formic acid as an additive. After cutting and windrowing, the drying rate of the standing fraction (mainly stems) was greater than that of whole plant windrows of similar density. The standing fraction, consisting of 92% stems, dried to ensiling moisture typically within about 4 to 6 h after stripping and cutting but in as short as 1.5 h under very good drying conditions. Therefore, a single-day fractionated harvesting scheme is possible. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Systems Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Woods Equipment Co, Oregon, IL USA. Burns Best Inc, Minong, WI 54859 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 713 EP 718 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800003 ER PT J AU Guler, H Zhu, H Ozkan, HE Derksen, RC Yu, Y Krause, CR AF Guler, H. Zhu, H. Ozkan, H. E. Derksen, R. C. Yu, Y. Krause, C. R. TI Spray characteristics and drift reduction potential with air induction and conventional flat-fan nozzles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE droplet size; droplet velocity; low-drift nozzle; orifice area; pesticide; spray coverage; spray drift; spray pattern ID WIND-TUNNEL EVALUATION; PERFORMANCE; DOWNWIND; FIELD AB Spray drift potential, spray coverage, droplet size, and spray pattern width for various sizes of air induction and conventional flat fan nozzles with equivalent orifice areas were investigated and compared under laboratory conditions. Droplet sizes were measured with a laser imaging system; spray coverage on water-sensitive paper (WSP) was evaluated with a boom sprayer at a constant travel speed in a greenhouse, and ground and airborne spray deposits were determined in a wind tunnel at two wind velocities (2.5 and 5.0 m/s). Tests were also conducted to evaluate the effect of air-intake holes being sealed or open on spray characteristics of air induction nozzles. With the equivalent nominal flow rate, air induction nozzles had approximately 2.1 to 2.75 times larger exit orifice areas than the conventional nozzles. With the equivalent orifice area and equal liquid flow rate, there was no significant difference in droplet size, spray pattern width, spray coverage, ground spray deposit, and airborne deposit among regular air induction nozzles, air induction nozzles with two sealed air-intake holes, and conventional flat fan nozzles. Spray characteristics of air induction nozzles could be achieved by conventional nozzles with the equivalent orifice size operated at the reduced operating pressure. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ag Eng Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 20 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 745 EP 754 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800007 ER PT J AU Holt, GA AF Holt, G. A. TI Design of experiments optimization study on the powered roll gin stand: part I SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; design of experiments; ginning; gin stand; optimization AB The powered roll gin stand has been evaluated in numerous studies evaluating its impact on production and fiber quality properties. The question remained as to what speed the various components of the powered roll gin stand should be operated at to optimize performance. The three main components of the power roll gin stand are the paddle roll, seed finger roll, and gin saw. This article presents the results of an optimization study conducted on a power roll gin stand operating at a commercial cotton gin during the 2003-2004 ginning season. The results are based on lint samples taken after the gin stand (before lint cleaning) and after one stage of lint cleaning, seed samples, and performance data. Of the 13 response variables evaluated, four variables resulted in significant models: fiber length, short fiber content, ginning rate, and Rd (reflectance). Several optimal solutions were obtained based on the input factors used in the evaluation. When including all response variables in the analysis, the optimal operational settings for a Continental Double Eagle 141 before and after lint cleaning were: paddle roll speed = 180 and 180 rpm, paddle roll loading = 25 and 23.8 amps, and seed finger speed = 18 and 40 rpm, respectively. The saw speed was held constant at 724 rpm. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM gholt@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 765 EP 772 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800009 ER PT J AU Holt, GA AF Holt, G. A. TI Design of experiments optimization study on the powered roll gin stand: part II SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY NOV 09-12, 2005 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison DE cotton gin; design of experiments; ginning; gin stand; optimization AB The powered roll gin stand has been evaluated in numerous studies evaluating its impact on production and fiber quality properties. The question remained as to what speed the various components of the powered roll gin stand should be operated at to optimize performance. The three main components of the power roll gin stand are the paddle roll, seed finger roll, and gin saw. This article presents results of an optimization study conducted on the second power roll gin stand operating at the USDA-ARS gin lab in Lubbock, Texas. The results are based on lint samples taken after the gin stand (before lint cleaning) and after one stage of lint cleaning, seed samples, and performance data. Of the 14 response variables evaluated, four variables resulted in significant models: seed coat neps, short fiber content, ginning rate, and visible mechanical damage. Several optimal solutions were obtained based on the input factors used in the evaluation. When including all response variables in the analysis, the optimal operational settings for a retrofitted Lummus-116 powered roll gin stand before and after lint cleaning were: paddle roll speed = 209 and 209 rpm, paddle roll loading = 17.1 and 17.0 amps, saw speed = 831 and 829, and seed finger speed = 26 and 21 rpm, respectively. The influence of the various components of the powered roll gin stand on production rate, turnout, and various fiber quality parameters need to be understood to a greater extent so that control systems can be developed to take full advantage of this technology. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM gholt@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 773 EP 780 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800010 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Strickland, TC Bosch, DD Sullivan, DG AF Feyereisen, G. W. Strickland, T. C. Bosch, D. D. Sullivan, D. G. TI Evaluation of SWAT manual calibration and input parameter sensitivity in the little river watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE calibration; hydrologic modeling; sensitivity; streamflow ID LAND-USE CHANGE; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; SEDIMENT; HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT; RUNOFF; YIELD AB The watershed-scale effects of agricultural conservation practices are not well understood. A baseline calibration and an input parameter sensitivity analysis were conducted for simulation of watershed-scale hydrology in the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in the Coastal Plain near Tifton, Georgia. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was manually calibrated to simulate the hydrologic budget components measured for the 16.9 km(2) subwatershed K of the LREW from 1995 to 2004. A local sensitivity analysis was performed on 16 input variables. The sum of squares of the differences between observed and simulated annual averages for baseflow, stormflow, evapotranspiration, and deep percolation was 19 mm(2); average annual precipitation was 1136 mm. The monthly Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for total water yield (TWYLD) was 0.79 for the ten-year period. Daily NSE for TWYLD was 0.42. The monthly NSE for three years with above-average rainfall was 0.89, while monthly NSE was 0.59 for seven years with below annual average rainfall, indicating that SWAT's predictive capabilities are less well-suited for drier conditions. Monthly average TWYLD for the high flow winter to early spring season was underpredicted, while the low flow late summer to autumn TWYLD was overpredicted. Results were negatively influenced when seasonal tropical storms occurred during a dry year. The most sensitive parameters for TWYLD were curve number for crop land (CN2(crop)), soil available water content (SOL_AWC), and soil evaporation compensation factor (ESCO). The most sensitive parameters for stormflow were CN2(crop), curve number for forested land (CN2(forest)), soil bulk density (SOL_BD), and SOL_AWC. The most sensitive parameters for baseflow were CN2(crop), CN2(forest), ESCO, and SOL_AWC. Identification of the sensitive SWAT parameters in the LREW provides modelers in the Coastal Plain physiographic region with focus for SWAT calibration. C1 USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Gary.Feyereisen@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 843 EP 855 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800017 ER PT J AU Gordon, LM Bennett, SJ Bingner, RL Theurer, FD Alonso, CV AF Gordon, L. M. Bennett, S. J. Bingner, R. L. Theurer, F. D. Alonso, C. V. TI Simulating ephemeral gully erosion in AnnAGNPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; cell scale; concentrated flow; ephemeral gully; erodibility; headcut; modeling; sediment transport; soil erosion ID CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; CULTIVATED AREAS; CHANNEL; MODEL; PREDICTION; TOPOGRAPHY; MOISTURE; RATES; WIDTH AB Ephemeral gully erosion can cause severe soil degradation and contribute significantly to total soil losses in agricultural areas. Physically based prediction technology is necessary to assess the magnitude of these phenomena so that appropriate conservation measures can be implemented, but such technology currently does not exist. To address this issue, a conceptual and numerical framework is presented in which ephemeral gully development, growth, and associated soil losses are simulated within the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model. This approach incorporates analytic formulations for plunge pool erosion and headcut retreat within single or multiple storm events in unsteady, spatially varied flow at the sub-cell scale, and addresses five soil particle-size classes to predict gully evolution, transport-capacity and transport-limited flows, gully widening, and gully reactivation. Single-event and continuous simulations demonstrate the model's utility for predicting both the initial development of an ephemeral gully and its evolution over multiple runoff events. The model is shown to recreate reasonably well the dimensions of observed ephemeral gullies in Mississippi. The inclusion of ephemeral gully erosion within AnnAGNPS will greatly enhance the model's predictive capabilities and further assist practitioners in the management of agricultural watersheds. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Gordon, LM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM leegordon79@gmail.com RI Gordon, Lee/A-4560-2008 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 857 EP 866 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800018 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, S. D. TI Subsurface lateral transport in glacial till soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bromide transport; hillslope; lateral transport; shallow water table ID UNSATURATED FLOW; WATER-TABLE; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; PIEDMONT LANDSCAPE; BROMIDE; HILLSLOPE; NUTRIENT; DRAINAGE; MOVEMENT AB An understanding of water and solute flow patterns in a landscape is necessary to describe water and nutrient use by crops, as well as potential nutrient contamination of groundwater, tile water, and streams. Subsurface water and solute movement in a landscape can occur laterally as well as vertically in the soil, especially in gently rolling landscapes with shallow water tables. The objective of this study was to identify contributing factors for solute transport in corn (Zea mays L. -soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields on a Clarion soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) with a 5% slope. Bromide, as a tracer, was applied in a trench 0.18 m deep on 20 May 1993, and to a second site 5 May 1996 in a V-shaped transect. Following 959 mm of precipitation (79% above average for the first site), Br- was transported laterally in the subsurface to 6 m downslope between application and the last sampling date of 27 October 1993. Small amounts were detected near the surface even at 15 m downslope. Over 50% moved vertically beneath the applied transect but only to 0.9 m depth. Most of the laterally transported Br- ended up in the unsaturated zone. For the second site, the bromide only moved 3 m downslope because rainfall was more normal (13% above average) and more Br- was located near the surface. Results from this study on glacial till soils indicate that mobile solutes would be expected to move laterally beyond the application zone. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 875 EP 883 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800020 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Arnold, JG Van Liew, MW Bingner, RL Harmel, RD Veith, TL AF Moriasi, D. N. Arnold, J. G. Van Liew, M. W. Bingner, R. L. Harmel, R. D. Veith, T. L. TI Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; model calibration and validation; simulation; watershed model ID HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; SWAT MODEL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RIVER-BASIN; QUALITY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; STREAMFLOW; FLOW; OPTIMIZATION AB Watershed models are powerful tools for simulating the effect of watershed processes and management on soil and water resources. However, no comprehensive guidance is available to facilitate model evaluation in terms of the accuracy of simulated data compared to measured flow and constituent values. Thus, the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine recommended model evaluation techniques (statistical and graphical), (2) review reported ranges of values and corresponding performance ratings for the recommended statistics, and (3) establish guidelines for model evaluation based on the review results and project-specific considerations; all of these objectives focus on simulation of streamflow and transport of sediment and nutrients. These objectives were achieved with a thorough review of relevant literature on model application and recommended model evaluation methods. Based on this analysis, we recommend that three quantitative statistics, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR), in addition to the graphical techniques, be used in model evaluation. The following model evaluation performance ratings were established for each recommended statistic. In general, model simulation can be judged as satisfactory if NSE > 0.50 and RSR <= 0.70, and if PBIAS +/- 25% for streamflow, PBIAS +/- 55% for sediment, and PBIAS +/- 70% for N and P. For PBIAS, constituent-specific performance ratings were determined based on uncertainty of measured data. Additional considerations related to model evaluation guidelines are also discussed. These considerations include: single-event simulation, quality and quantity of measured data, model calibration procedure, evaluation time step, and project scope and magnitude. A case study illustrating the application of the model evaluation guidelines is also provided. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Water Qual Planning Bur, Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT USA. USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM dmoria-si@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013; Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011; OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 58 TC 1913 Z9 2001 U1 60 U2 382 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 885 EP 900 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800021 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Fu, SH Fang, WH Imura, H Zhang, XC AF Zhang, G.-H. Fu, S.-H. Fang, W.-H. Imura, H. Zhang, X.-C. TI Potential effects of climate change on runoff in the Yellow River basin of China SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aridity index; climate change; runoff; Yellow River ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; LOESS PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; RAINFALL; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; RESPONSES; MOISTURE; EROSION AB Water scarcity is one of the most challenging issues in arid and semi-arid regions. In the Yellow River basin, rapid growth of population, urbanization, and industrialization have caused ever-increasing competition for water. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of climate change on mean annual runoff in the Yellow River basin under different climate change scenarios projected by the Hadley Centre's third-generation general circulation model (HadCM3) using an evaporation ratio function of the aridity index. The results showed that annual runoff was more sensitive to change in precipitation than to change in evaporation. Simulations using HadCM3 scenarios A2 and B2 indicated that the changes in annual runoff compared to 30-year average runoff for each region, which varied from region to region, ranged from -34.1% to 49.6%. In general, the potential changes in annual runoff were greater in the middle and down reaches of the Yellow River basin. For the Yellow River basin as a whole, the mean annual runoff increased up to 2.2%, 12.3%, and 11.4% for scenario A2, and the changes were 8.4%, -0.1%, and 5.3% for scenario B2 by the years 2020, 2050, and 2080, respectively. However, the increase in future annual runoff will be insufficient to meet projected water demands of the Yellow River Basin. Proper water management and water conservation technologies will need to be considered for the coming century to avoid water shortages. The expected increases in runoff require that more attention will be given to soil and water conservation practices such as vegetation and check-dam construction. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 911 EP 918 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800023 ER PT J AU Peters, RT Evett, SR AF Peters, R. T. Evett, S. R. TI Spatial and temporal analysis of crop conditions using multiple canopy temperature maps created with center-pivot-mounted infrared thermometers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE canopy temperature; center pivot; infrared; precision control; precision irrigation; remote sensing; yield map ID IRRIGATION AB A lack of real-time soil or plant status feedback and decision support systems has been a major stumbling block to the practical use of precision or site-specific irrigation and chemigation technologies. Data are needed on both a spatial and a temporal scale. It was hypothesized that an array of infrared thermometers, mounted on a center pivot, could provide this missing spatial and temporal feedback as they move over the entire field at regular intervals throughout the season. This was tested in a field of soybeans with varying degrees of induced water stresses in 2004 and 2005. Infrared thermometers were used to create canopy temperature maps of the underlying field every time the pivot moved over the field. These maps were standardized and combined into a single map for each year using an algorithm modeled after that used to combine multiple years of yield maps. These end-of-year maps for each year clearly showed stressed areas of the field. The combined, averaged, and standardized temperatures from the end-of-year maps were correlated with the end-of-year yield, biomass, and total water use in the different stressed plots for both years, resulting in r(2) values close to 0.8. These average, standardized temperatures were also significantly different across irrigation treatments in 2004. This demonstrates the method's ability to show spatial stress patterns in a field. To capture temporal variation and to highlight when temperature differences were caused by more than natural variation, statistical process control (SPC) charts were used to evaluate each point on the standardized temperature maps over time. Stress was deliberately introduced to a particular area of the field late in the 2005 season, and although the stress was not visible to the eye, this stressed area was clearly apparent in the SPC charts. These data demonstrate the ability of an array of infrared thermometers mounted on a center pivot to provide producers with feedback on both the spatial and temporal variability of a field during a growing season. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Peters, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM troy_pe-ters@wsu.edu NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 919 EP 927 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800024 ER PT J AU Vories, ED Hogan, R Tacker, PL Glover, RE Lancaster, SW AF Vories, E. D. Hogan, R. Tacker, P. L. Glover, R. E. Lancaster, S. W. TI Estimating the impact of delaying irrigation for midsouth cotton on clay soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton; crop management; crop production; irrigation; irrigation economics; surface irrigation; water management; water use; water use efficiency ID WATER-STRESS; YIELD AB In many years, cotton producers in the Midsouth delay the first irrigation to allow time for other field operations such as pesticide and fertilizer application. This practice is especially common on clay soils that require several days to dry after furrow irrigation. However, the cost to the producer of delaying irrigation is not well understood. The objective of this research was to estimate the impact of delaying the first irrigation for cotton on clay soil to help producers make more informed decisions regarding irrigation timing. Cotton irrigation studies were conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser during the 2001 through 2003 growing seasons, with the cultivar PM 1218 BG/RR planted on a Sharkey silty clay (Chromic Epiaquerts) precision graded to approximately 2 mm m(-1) slope. All plots contained four rows approximately 180 m long with a 97 cm row spacing and four-row border area left between each pair of plots. A well watered treatment was irrigated at a 50 mm estimated soil water deficit (SWD) based on the Arkansas Irrigation Scheduler. Irrigations for two delayed-irrigation treatments were initiated on the date of the second irrigation or third irrigation of the well watered treatment and then irrigated at a 50 mm estimated SWD. A nonirrigated check was included. Irrigations were ceased when open bolls were observed. Three-year-average yields decreased with delaying irrigation. There was a consistent trend for lower yield for each delay in the first irrigation; however, in 2003, the differences among all four treatments were not significant. The three-year-mean irrigation water use efficiency was higher for the well watered treatment than for either delayed-irrigation treatment; however, in two of the three years (2001 and 2003), the differences among the treatments were not significant. Gross revenues for the well watered treatment were numerically greatest each year; however, when the costs of irrigation were included, estimated net revenues for the well watered treatment were not always highest. A number of scenarios were investigated (e.g., different water sources, rented land), and even though two of the three years were wetter than normal, the delayed-irrigation treatments always had significantly lower estimated net revenues than the well watered treatment. Furthermore, the estimated net revenues for the delayed-irrigation treatments in each case were not significantly different from those of the nonirrigated treatment. When all other factors were held constant for rented farmland, the well watered treatment had higher estimated net revenues than the nonirrigated treatment for diesel cost < $0.65 L-1 ($2.47 gal(-1)). A treatment with a delayed first irrigation, a fairly common practice on Midsouth cotton farms, was only more profitable than the nonirrigated treatment when diesel cost < $0.19 L-1 ($0.74 gal(-1)). C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Keiser, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, NE Res & Extens Ctr, Keiser, AR USA. RP Vories, ED (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, USDA ARS, Box 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM Earl.Vories@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 929 EP 937 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800025 ER PT J AU Nicolaisen, JE Gilley, JE Eghball, B Marx, DB AF Nicolaisen, J. E. Gilley, J. E. Eghball, B. Marx, D. B. TI Crop residue effects on runoff nutrient concentrations following manure application SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE crop residue; land application; manure management; manure runoff; nitrogen movement; nutrient losses; phosphorus; residue management; runoff; water quality ID BEEF-CATTLE MANURE; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; CORN PRODUCTION; PLOT-SCALE; NITROGEN; SOIL; COMPOST; FERTILIZER; EROSION AB Manure is applied to cropland areas managed under diverse conditions, resulting in varying amounts of residue cover. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of crop residue on nutrient concentrations in runoff from areas where beef cattle or swine manure were recently applied but not incorporated. Plots 0.75 m wide by 2 m long were established at the study site. Existing residue materials were removed, and corn, soybean, or winter wheat residue was added at rates of 2, 4, or 8 Mg ha(-1). Manure was then applied at rates required to meet estimated annual nitrogen requirements for corn. Control plots with manure but no residue, and plots with no residue and no manure were also established. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by 24 h intervals, were conducted at an intensity of approximately 70 mm h(-1). Dissolved phosphorus (DP), total phosphorus (TP), NO3-N, NH4-N, total nitrogen, runoff, and soil loss were measured for each rainfall event. When beef cattle or swine manure was applied to plots containing residue materials, nutrient concentrations in runoff were not affected by the amount of crop residue on the soil surface. Concentrations of DP and NO3-N in runoff from the plots with beef cattle manure were significantly greater on the plots with residue than on the no-residue treatments. No significant differences in runoff nutrient concentrations were found between the residue and no-residue treatments with swine manure. Concentrations of DP and TP were significantly less on the no-residuelno-manure treatment than on the plots with beef cattle or swine manure. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Environm Resource Management Inc, Appleton, WI USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800026 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nearing, MA Stone, JJ AF Wei, H. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. TI A comprehensive sensitivity analysis framework for model evaluation and improvement using a case study of the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; local sensitivity; Morris' screen method; RHEM; soil erosion ID UNCERTAINTY; WEPP; SYSTEMS; SCALE AB The complexity of numerical models and the large numbers of input factors result in complex interdependencies of sensitivities to input parameter values, and high risk of having problematic or nonsensical model responses in localized regions of the input parameter space. Sensitivity analysis (SA) is a useful tool for ascertaining model responses to input variables. One popular method is local SA, which calculates the localized model response of output to an input parameter. This article describes a comprehensive SA method to explore the parameter behavior globally by calculating localized sensitivity indices over the entire parameter space. This article further describes how to use this framework to identify model deficiencies and improve model function. The method was applied to the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) using soil erosion response as a case study. The results quantified the localized sensitivity, which varied and was interdependently related to the input parameter values. This article also shows that the localized sensitivity indices, combined with techniques such as correlation analysis and scatter plots, can be used effectively to compare the sensitivity of different inputs, locate sensitive regions in the parameter space, decompose the dependency of the model response on the input parameters, and identify nonlinear and incorrect relationships in the model. The method can be used as an element of the iterative modeling process whereby the model response can be surveyed and problems identified and corrected in order to construct a robust model. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wei, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM hwei@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 945 EP 953 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800027 ER PT J AU Noh, HK Peng, Y Lu, R AF Noh, H. K. Peng, Y. Lu, R. TI Integration of hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging for assessing apple maturity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE apples; fluorescence; fruit; hyperspectral imaging; maturity; quality; reflectance ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; FRUIT FIRMNESS; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; HARVEST; STORAGE AB Fluorescence and reflectance are two different forms of light interaction with matter, and they can be complementary in measuring fruit quality and condition. The objective of this research was to develop an integrated hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging technique for measuring apple maturity. Both fluorescence and reflectance scattering images were acquired using a hyperspectral imaging system covering the wavelengths of 500 to 1000 nm from `Golden Delicious' apples harvested over a 4-week period. Standard destructive tests were performed to measure multiple maturity parameters (flesh and skin color, firmness, soluble solids, starch, and titratable acid). The spectral fluorescence and reflectance scattering profiles were described by a two parameter Lorentzian function. Multi-linear regression prediction models were developed relating Lorentzian parameters to individual maturity parameters for each sensing mode and their combined data. The fluorescence prediction models had consistently lower correlations with individual maturity parameters than the reflectance models. The integration of reflectance and fluorescence improved maturity measurements over either reflectance or fluorescence; the improvements in correlation were noticeable for most parameters (up to 12% for titratable acid). Since fluorescence and reflectance measurements were made with the same imaging system, the integrated technique can provide better assessment of apple fruit maturity and quality. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 963 EP 971 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800029 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Cusick, PR Misselbrook, TH Holmes, BJ AF Powell, J. M. Cusick, P. R. Misselbrook, T. H. Holmes, B. J. TI Design and calibration of chambers for measuring ammonia emissions from tie-stall dairy barns SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ammonia emissions; dairy cattle; environmental chamber; tie-stall barns ID LARGE ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER; CATTLE; COWS AB Dairy barns are thought to emit large amounts of ammonia, which can have detrimental effects on human health and natural ecosystems. In the U.S., relatively little is known about the processes that affect the rate and magnitude of ammonia emissions from dairy barns. The end of a conventional tie-stall dairy barn was remodeled into four chambers (four animals per chamber) to initially evaluate dairy diet and bedding impacts on ammonia production and loss. This article describes the technical aspects of the chamber design, operation, and calibration. The chamber walls consisted of drop-down curtains of polyvinyl material, with Velcro seals at the edges and weighted at the bottom to minimize air loss other than through the exhaust ducts. The curtains were attached to automatic roll-up, roll-down mechanisms fixed to the ceiling. Intake air, which was drawn from outside the barn, provided information on background ammonia levels. Two types of chamber calibrations were performed: (1) release and capture of known amounts of ammonia gas, and (2) total nitrogen (N) balances for growing heifers, or the percentage difference between N outputs (manure, ammonia, and livestock weight gain) and N inputs (feed and bedding). On average, 102% (range 88% to 131%) of released ammonia was captured using the ammonia release-capture calibration method, and 99% (range 94% to 104%) of input N was accounted for by input N. Calibration results indicate that chambers should provide precise data on ammonia emitted from tie-stall dairy barns under the prevailing management and environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton, Devon, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.po-well@ars.usda.gov RI Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014 OI Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1045 EP 1051 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800038 ER PT J AU Faulkner, WB Buser, MD Whitelock, DP Shaw, BW AF Faulkner, W. B. Buser, M. D. Whitelock, D. P. Shaw, B. W. TI Effects of cyclone diameter on performance of 1D3D cyclones: Collection efficiency SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE abatement; collection efficiency; cyclone; dust; particulate matter; PM; similitude AB Cyclones are a common air pollution abatement device for separating particulate matter (PM) from air streams in industrial processes. Several mathematical models have been proposed to predict the performance of cyclones as cyclone diameter varies. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between cyclone diameter and collection efficiency based on empirical data and to compare the results to those of four mathematical models. Tests were performed comparing cyclone collection efficiency of 15.24, 30.48, 60.96, and 91.44 cm (6, 12, 24, and 36 in.) diameter cyclones with poly-disperse PM having an aerodynamic mass median diameter (MMD) near 10 mu m. The PM chosen for this study was selected to magnify any differences in cyclone collection efficiency due to differences in cyclone barrel diameter. The mass of PM collected by the cyclones and the mass of PM that penetrated the cyclones was used to determine the collection efficiency of each cyclone. The collection efficiency of cyclones decreased nonlinearly as cyclone diameter increased, with statistically different collection efficiencies observed among the 30.48, 60.96, and 91.44 cm (12, 24, and 36 in.) diameter cyclones. None of the mathematical models analyzed in this article accurately predicted cyclone efficiency. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Faulkner, WB (reprint author), 2117 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM faulkner@tamu.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800039 ER PT J AU Yoon, SC Lawrence, KC Park, B Windham, WR AF Yoon, S. C. Lawrence, K. C. Park, B. Windham, W. R. TI Optimization of fecal detection using hyperspectral imaging and kernel density estimation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE food safety; hyperspectral imaging; kernel density estimation; multispectral imaging; Neyman-Pearson; poultry; thresholding ID POULTRY CARCASSES; INGESTA; SYSTEM; CONTAMINATION; SEGMENTATION; CALIBRATION AB This article addresses the development of an iterative search algorithm to find an optimal threshold to detect surface contaminants on poultry carcasses for a real-time multispectral imaging application. Previous studies showed that a band-ratio algorithm with a 517 nm band and a 565 nm band could detect contaminants on the surface of poultry carcasses. In this study, thresholding for the band-ratio algorithm was optimized in a statistical sense. A fundamental problem of the thresholding is that there is a theoretical performance bound from the standpoint of statistical hypothesis testing. In a Neyman-Pearson (NP) framework, a lower bound of detection accuracy can be determined for minimizing false positives. An iterative search algorithm was designed to obtain an optimal threshold in the NP framework. For the design of the search algorithm, statistical density distributions of fecal and non-fecal image data were estimated by kernel density estimation, and characterized by edge models on a projection axis perpendicular to a linear decision boundary. Three necessary criteria were investigated for the selection of the optimum threshold of the band-ratio algorithm. Numerical simulations with hyperspectral poultry images showed that the optimum threshold was 1.05. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1071 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800040 ER PT J AU Birkett, C Tollner, EW Gattie, DK AF Birkett, C. Tollner, E. W. Gattie, D. K. TI Total suspended solids and flow regime effects on periphyton development in a laboratory channel SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE biomass; chlorophyll a; pheophytin; suspended sediment; turbulence ID STREAM PERIPHYTON; WATER; TURBULENCE; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; RIVER; BED; HERBIVORES; NUTRIENTS; COMMUNITY AB Flow regime and total suspended solids (TSS), along with chemical and biological parameters associated with urbanization and intensive agriculture/aquaculture, impact benthic organisms, which represents the food chain foundation in aquatic systems. We designed this experiment to begin the integration of physical flow regime effects along with chemical and biological indicators on periphyton, an important benthic organism indicator, towards a goal of using periphyton (live biomass containing chlorophyll a) and pheophytin (dead chlorophyll-containing biomass) in assessments of stream health. Physical flow regimes in a laboratory flume were created using multiple roughness conditions and an in-channel weir. Results suggested that one could model the hydraulic regime with a hydraulic model, HEC-RAS, to within 2% to 11% of measured velocity values. Thus, one may roughly but not precisely move computed velocities from the flume to the field. Significant interactions between biological response and hydraulic and TSS factors were observed, and the study suggested several indicators of periphyton-pheophytin response that are potentially relevant to ecological engineering applications featuring a channel. Increased mean velocities significantly reduced (P < 0.05) live periphyton and filament length. The 200 mg L-1 TSS level significantly reduced (P < 0.05) biomass and filament development. The effect of TSS was least where velocity was highest and depth was most shallow, which had the least effect on light absorption and resulted in the least sediment deposition. The intermediate TSS level (100 mg L-1) appeared to stimulate a growth response based on periphyton and filament length, although the effect was less noticeable where velocities were higher. Pheophytin tended to be highest in conditions resulting in lower periphyton values, consistent with the notion that regimes imparting physical stress would harbor the highest concentration of pheophytin. The periphyton/filament length ratio tended to be lowest in velocities less than 0.75 m s(-1) except in the high TSS case, where both periphyton and filament length were low. Low velocities and low to moderate TSS would provide the most biomass for grazing organisms and would result in the most effective nutrient filtering due to long filament length. High periphyton/pheophytin ratios were associated with high TSS, velocities exceeding similar to 0.5 m s(-1), or both. Sloughing could occur in systems with a pulsing velocity where the pulse period was long enough for growth to occur in the quiescent interval. C1 Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Tollner, EW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM btollner@engr.uga.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1095 EP 1104 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190CY UT WOS:000248036800043 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Stokes, TA Coleman, MD AF Samuelson, Lisa J. Stokes, Thomas A. Coleman, Mark D. TI Influence of irrigation and fertilization on transpiration and hydraulic properties of Populus deltoides SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy stomatal conductance; leaf area to sapwood area ratio; leaf specific hydraulic conductance; water potential ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYBRID POPLAR; WATER-USE; PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; TROPICAL FOREST; SHORT-ROTATION; USE EFFICIENCY AB Long-term hydraulic acclimation to resource availability was explored in 3-year-old Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. clones by examining transpiration, leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (GL), canopy stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf to sapwood area ratio (AL:As) in response to irrigation (13 and 551 min year(-1) in addition to ambient precipitation) and fertilization (0 and 120 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Sap flow was measured continuously over one growing season with thermal dissipation probes. Fertilization had a greater effect on growth and hydraulic properties than irrigation, and fertilization effects were independent of irrigation treatment. Transpiration on a ground area basis (E) ranged between 0.3 and 1.8 min day(-1), and increased 66% and 90% in response to irrigation and fertilization, respectively. Increases in G(L), G(s) at a reference vapor pressure deficit of 1 kPa, and transpiration per unit leaf area in response to increases in resource availability were associated with reductions in AL:As and consequently a minimal change in the water potential gradient from soil to leaf. Irrigation and fertilization increased leaf area index similarly, from an average 1.16 in control stands to 1.45, but sapwood area was increased from 4.0 to 6.3 m(2) ha(-1) by irrigation and from 3.7 to 6.7 m(2) ha(-1) by fertilization. The balance between leaf area and sapwood area was important in understanding long-term hydraulic acclimation to resource availability and mechanisms controlling maximum productivity in Populus deltoides. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM samuelj@auburn.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 66 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168NM UT WOS:000246531300013 PM 17267367 ER PT J AU Medina, E Cuevas, E Lugo, A AF Medina, Ernesto Cuevas, Elvira Lugo, Ariel TI Nutrient and salt relations of Pterocarpus officinalis L. in coastal wetlands of the Caribbean: assessment through leaf and soil analyses SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE Pterocarpus officinalis; mangroves; Caribbean; salt tolerance; cation compartmentation ID TROPICAL WETLAND; LESSER ANTILLES; SWAMP FOREST; SALINITY; GUADELOUPE; MANGROVES; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Pterocarpus officinalis L. is a dominant tree of freshwater coastal wetlands in the Caribbean and the Guiana regions. It is frequently associated with mangroves in areas with high rainfall and/or surface run-off. We hypothesized that P. officinalis is a freshwater swamp species that when occurring in association with mangroves occupies low-salinity soil microsites, or alternatively that it possesses mechanisms preventing accumulation of salt in photosynthetic tissues. To test this we compared the mineral composition of soils and leaves of several species in two Pterocarpus forests in Puerto Rico associated with coastal mangroves, Sabana Seca and Punta Viento. Results indicate that (1) Sabana Seca has low soil salinity values even in the P. officinalis and Laguncularia racemosa mixed zone. In Punta Viento, salinity in the mixed zone was higher than in the Pterocarpus forest, but much lower than in the mangrove area; (2) In both forests, leaves of P. officinalis showed much lower Na concentrations than mangrove species. The K/Na ratios were 16-20 times higher in P. officinalis, indicating preferential absorption of K against Na. The mangrove fern (Acrostichum aureum) growing side by side with P. officinalis and L. racemosa in Punta Viento also revealed high Na exclusion capacity. We found an asymmetric distribution of cations in the blade and rachis of the P. officinalis compound leaves in both sites. The rachis accumulates more Na and Ca, but less Mg than the leaf blade. This sequestration of Na in the rachis prevents salt damage of photosynthetic tissue in the leaf blade. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Medina, E (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM emedina@ivic.ve NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00468-007-0125-3 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164AY UT WOS:000246206200006 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ Bigham, JM Brown, GO AF Allred, Barry J. Bigham, Jerry M. Brown, Glenn O. TI The impact of clay mineralogy on nitrate mobility under unsaturated flow conditions SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; ANION EXCLUSION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SOIL COLUMNS; WATER-FLOW; AMMONIA-ELECTRODE; CHARGE PROPERTIES; CHLORIDE; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT AB Transient unsaturated horizontal column experiments were conducted to assess clay mineralogy impacts on electrostatic processes affecting nitrate (NO3-) mobility. Replicated tests were conducted on quartz sand, mixtures of the sand and kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite, and two natural soils with organic matter removed. In each test, a 200 mg L-1 nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 (-) N-) solution was injected at the inlet of dry soil columns. Comparison of corresponding NO3(-) N- concentration and volumetric water content pro. les from the column tests provided valuable information regarding soil mineral composition impacts on NO3 - transport. With the exception of a small peak at the wetting front, NO3(-) N- concentrations for the quartz sand were consistently near the 200 mg L-1 injection level within the wetted portion of the columns, indicating that NO3 (-)electrostatic interactions were negligible. Anion adsorption processes in the 25% kaolinite-75 % sand mixture produced a result in which the NO3- N- concentrations adjacent to the inlet of the columns were approximately 20% greater than that of the injected solution. Anion exclusion was the dominant electrostatic interaction affecting NO3- mobility in the 25% illite-75% sand, 25% montmorillonite-75% sand, and 15% kaolinite-7.5% illite-7.5% montmorillonite-70% sand mixtures and in the two natural soils. Evidence of anion exclusion in these artificial and natural soils includes NO3- -N concentrations near the column inlet that were 11 to 19% less than the injected solution concentration, and NO3- -N concentrations near the wetting front that were greater than the injected solution concentration by factors of 1.7 to 5.4. These results indicate that anion adsorption is an important process affecting NO3 - mobility in low pH soils, with limited amounts of organic matter, and having a clay-size fraction dominated by kaolinite, while anion exclusion is a key electrostatic interaction influencing NO3- mobility in near-neutral to high pH soils, especially if significant amounts of montmorillonite are present. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr,Rm 234, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM allred.13@osu.edu RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0064 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 196ST UT WOS:000248503000002 ER PT J AU Evett, S Ibragimov, N Kamilov, B Esanbekov, Y Sarimsakov, M Shadmanov, J Mirhashimov, R Musaev, R Radjabov, T Muhammadiev, B AF Evett, Steven Ibragimov, Nazirbay Kamilov, Bakhtiyor Esanbekov, Yusupbek Sarimsakov, Makhsud Shadmanov, Jamaliddin Mirhashimov, Rahmonkul Musaev, Ruzibay Radjabov, Tilak Muhammadiev, Bahram TI Neutron moisture meter calibration in six soils of Uzbekistan affected by carbonate accumulation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Improvements in water use efficiency of the irrigated agriculture of Uzbekistan begin with determination of crop water use under its different climates, soils, and management practices. The neutron moisture meter (NMM) is a key tool for determination of crop water use, which we define here as being equal to transpiration and evaporation from the soil surface, i. e., the evapotranspiration. We accurately field calibrated NMMs at six locations in Uzbekistan, in soils ranging from deep, uniform silt loams of loessial origin to highly stratified alluvial soils near the Amu Darya River. In all soils, separate calibrations were found for the 10-cm depth due to closeness to the soil-air interface. Near Tashkent and at the Syrdarya Branch Station, the soil below 10 cm was divided into two layers based on the increased CaCO3 content in the lower of the two layers. Distinctly different calibration equation slopes were found for these layers. At the Kashkadarya Branch Station, a single calibration was sufficient for the soil below 10 cm. At the Khorezm Branch Station, an abrupt change in soil texture at the 90-cm depth required separate calibration equations for the 30- to 70-cm depth range ( silt loam) and the 110- to 170-cm depth range (fine sand). Overall, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of calibration ranged from 0.009 to 0.025 m(3) m(-3) and r(2) values ranged from 0.91 to 0.99. Data gathered provide an excellent illustration of why calibration efforts should organize soil water content data by depth range. Two examples of profile water content measurement for crop water use studies are given. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. UNCGRI, Tashkent 702133, Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan Sci Prod Ctr Agr, Tashkent 700000, Uzbekistan. UNCGRI, Syrdarda Reg Exp Stn, Syrdarya 708322, Uzbekistan. UNCGRI, Fergana Reg Expt Stn, Kuva 713910, Fergana, Uzbekistan. UNCGRI, Kashkadarya Reg Expt Stn, Kashkadarya 731204, Uzbekistan. UNCGRI, Khorezm Reg Expt Stn, Khorezm 740006, Uzbekistan. RP Evett, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM srevett@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0155 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 196ST UT WOS:000248503000021 ER PT J AU Scherer, CFC O'Donnell, V Golde, WT Gregg, D Estes, DM Rodriguez, LL AF Scherer, Charles F. C. O'Donnell, Vivian Golde, William T. Gregg, Douglas Estes, D. Mark Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) infects keratinocytes and is restricted to lesion sites and local lymph nodes in the bovine, a natural host SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vesicular stomatitis; bovine; pathogenesis; confocal microscopy; keratinocytes ID LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; RICAN DAIRY FARMS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION; AMPLIFYING HOSTS; SWINE; SEROTYPE; VACCINE; CATTLE; PIGS AB Inoculation of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) by skin scarification of the coronary-band in cattle, a natural host of VSNJV, resulted in vesicular lesions and 6-8 log(10) TCID50 increase in skin virus titers over a 72 h period. Virus infection was restricted to the lesion sites and lymph nodes draining those areas but no virus or viral RNA was found in the blood or in 20 other organs and tissues sampled at necropsy. Scarification of flank skin did not result in lesions or a significant increase in viral titer indicating that viral clinical infection is restricted to skin inoculation at sites where lesions naturally occur. Viral antigens co-localized primarily with keratinocytes in the coronary band, suggesting these cells are the primary site of viral replication. Viral antigen also co-localized with few MHC-II positive cells, but no co-localization was observed in cells positive for macrophage markers. Although granulocyte infiltration was observed in lesions, little viral antigen co-localized with these cells. This is the first detailed description of VSNJV tissue distribution and infected cell characterization in a natural host. The pathogenesis model shown herein could be useful for in-vivo tracking of virus infection and local immune responses. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65251 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1051/vetres:2007001 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156MK UT WOS:000245652700001 PM 17506968 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Horvath, DP Chao, WS Foley, ME Hernandez, AG Thimmapuram, J Liu, L Gong, GL Band, M Kim, R Mikel, MA AF Anderson, James V. Horvath, David P. Chao, Wun S. Foley, Michael E. Hernandez, Alvaro G. Thimmapuram, Jyothl Liu, Lie Gong, George L. Band, Mark Kim, Ryan Mikel, Mark A. TI Characterization of an EST database for the perennial weed leafy spurge: An important resource for weed biology research SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; genomics; leafy spurge; perennial weeds ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; DNA MICROARRAYS; DORMANCY STATUS; CROWN BUDS; IDENTIFICATION AB Genomics programs in the weed science community have not developed as rapidly as that of other crop, horticultural, forestry, and model plant systems. Development of genomic resources for selected model weeds are expected to enhance our understanding of weed biology, just as they have in other plant systems. In this report, we describe the development, characteristics, and information gained from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database for the perennial weed leafy spurge. ESTs were obtained using a normalized cDNA library prepared from a comprehensive collection of tissues. During the EST characterization process, redundancy was minimized by periodic subtractions of the normalized cDNA library. A sequencing success rate of 88% yielded 45,314 ESTs with an average read length of 671 nucleotides. Using bioinformatic analysis, the leafy spurge EST database was assembled into 23,472 unique sequences representing 19,015 unigenes (10,293 clusters and 8,722 singletons). Blast similarity searches to the GenBank nonredundant protein database identified 18,186 total matches, of which 14,205 were nonredundant. These data indicate that 77.4% of the 23,472 unique sequences and 74.7% of the 19,015 unigenes are similar to other known proteins. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that 2,950, or 15.5%, of the unigenes have previously not been identified suggesting that some may be novel to leafy spurge. Functional classifications assigned to leafy spurge unique sequences using Munich Information Center for Protein or Gene Ontology were proportional to functional classifications for genes of arabidopsis, with the exception of unclassified or unknowns and transposable elements which were significantly reduced in leafy spurge. Although these EST resources have been developed for the purpose of constructing high-density leafy spurge microarrays, they are already providing valuable information related to sugar metabolism, cell cycle regulation, dormancy, terpenoid secondary metabolism, and flowering. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM James.Anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 56 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1614/WS-06-138.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 166YZ UT WOS:000246418600002 ER PT J AU Steckel, LE Sprague, CL Stoller, EW Wax, LM Simmons, FW AF Steckel, Lawrence E. Sprague, Christy L. Stoller, Edward W. Wax, Loyd M. Simmons, F. William TI Tillage, cropping system, and soil depth effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) seed-bank persistence SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seed bank; tillage; crop ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED SEEDS; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; FATE; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; DORMANCY; DENSITY; DECLINE AB A field experiment was conducted in Urbana, IL, from 1997 to 2000 to evaluate the effect that crop, tillage, and soil depth have on common waterhemp seed-bank persistence. A heavy field infestation of common waterhemp (approximately 410 plants m(-2)) was allowed to set seed in 1996 and was not allowed to go to seed after 1996. In 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000, the percentage of the original common waterhemp seed bank that remained was 39, 28, 10, and 0.004%, respectively, averaged over tillage treatments. Initially, germination and emergence of common waterhemp was greater in no-till systems. Consequently, the number of remaining seeds was greater in the till treatments compared with no-till in the top 0 to 6 cm of the soil profile. This reduction was in part explained by the higher germination and emergence of common waterhemp in the no-tillage treatments. Tillage increased the seed-bank persistence of common waterhemp in the top 0 to 2 cm of the soil profile in 1997 and the top 0 to 6 cm in 1998. Crop had no effect on common waterhemp emergence or seed-bank persistence. In 200 1, > 10% of the seed germinated that was buried 6 to 20 cm deep compared with 3% for seed 0 to 2 cm deep. C1 Univ Tennessee, W Tennessee Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Steckel, LE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, W Tennessee Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM lsteckel@utk.edu NR 28 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1614/WS-06-198 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 166YZ UT WOS:000246418600007 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA Davis, AS AF Williams, Martin M., II Boydston, Rick A. Davis, Adam S. TI Wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) suppressive ability among three sweet corn hybrids SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; fecundity; integrated weed management; weed density ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; ZEA-MAYS; WEED MANAGEMENT; YIELD LOSS; INTERFERENCE; SYSTEMS; TOLERANCE; ARCHITECTURE; VARIETIES; SEEDBANK AB Due to known variation in canopy properties among sweet corn hybrids, weed suppressive ability (WSA), the crop's ability to reduce weed fitness, may not be uniform among hybrids. This hypothesis was tested using a range of wild proso millet densities subjected to four canopy treatments (three hybrids + weedy monoculture) under irrigated conditions in Washington and primarily rainfed conditions in Illinois. Parameter estimates for responses of weed growth and seed rain to wild proso millet density were used to quantify variation in WSA among hybrids. The same parameter estimates were used in a correlation analysis to identify associations between weed response and sweet corn canopy properties. Weed suppressive ability, as measured by wild proso millet shoot biomass and seed rain, varied among canopy treatments. Hybrid GH2547 was 25 to 31% more suppressive of wild proso millet than hybrid Spirit in Washington and 70 to 91% more suppressive in Illinois. Weed fitness was negatively correlated with leaf area index (LAI) after crop anthesis (-0.48 to -0.63), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at one of two harvest times (-0.51 to -0.56), and LAI at the 120- to 150-cm height (-0.51 to -0-55). Information on WSA may be useful in breeding programs; however, even near-term use of this knowledge offers modest but cumulative improvements to weed management systems in sweet corn. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1614/WS-06-123-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 166YZ UT WOS:000246418600009 ER PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B AF Feng, G. Sharratt, B. TI Validation of WEPS for soil and PM10 loss from agricultural fields within the Columbia Plateau of the United States SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE WEPS; standalone erosion model; PM10; suspension; saltation; creep; wind erosion; Columbia Plateau; validation; air quality ID EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM; WIND EROSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SUMMER FALLOW; SEDIMENT AB Wind erosion from agricultural fields contributes to poor air quality within the Columbia Plateau of the United States. Erosion from fields managed in a conventional winter wheat-summer fallow rotation was monitored during the fallow period near Washtucna, WA, in 2003 and 2004. Loss of soil and PM10 (particulates <= 10 mu m in diameter) was measured during six high wind events (sustained wind speed at 3 m height > 6-4 m (s-1)). Soil loss associated with suspension, saltation and creep as well as PM10 emission was used to validate the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel. Input parameters for WEPS simulations were measured before each high wind event. The erosion submodel produced no erosion for half of the observed events and over-predicted total soil loss by 200-700 kg ha(-1) for the remaining events. The model appears to over-predict total soil loss as a result of overestimating creep, saltation and suspension. The model both over-predicted and underpredicted PM10 loss. High values for the index of agreement (d > 0-5) suggest that the performance of the model is acceptable for the conditions of this study. While the performance of the model is acceptable, improvements can be made in modeling efficiency by better specifying the static threshold friction velocity or coefficients that govern emissions, abrasion and breakage of silt loams on the Columbia Plateau. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, 213 L J Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Sharatt@wsu.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 743 EP 753 DI 10.1002/esp.1434 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 161ER UT WOS:000245997700007 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Prasad, SN Romkens, MJM AF Wells, Robert R. Prasad, S. N. Romkens, M. J. M. TI Soil deformation and its spectral signature SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE spectral analysis; soil cracking; spatial variation; surface microtopography ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CRACKING AB Spatial variation of the surface micro-relief in a Sharkey clay soil was investigated. The micro-relief measurements of the soil surface were obtained using an automated infrared laser system and evaluated with methods of Fourier analysis. The authors illustrate the spectral technique with a simple example and then use the technique to interpret the surface micro-relief patterns of soil samples subjected to three simulated rainstorm intensities. The periodicity of the soil surface micro-relief in the longitudinal direction was 80-120 mm. The periodic surface micro-relief patterns immediately following the rainstorm are shown to be an early manifestation of the cracking pattern. Published in 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rrwells@msa-oxford.ors.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1002/esp.1435 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 161ER UT WOS:000245997700010 ER PT J AU Gardner, HD Williams, WP Windham, GL AF Gardner, Hilarie D. Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. TI Diallel analysis of aflatoxin accumulation in maize SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; diallel; maize ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; CONTAMINATION; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; FIELD; LINE AB Since its discovery in numerous feedstuffs, aflatoxin, a carcinogenic compound produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries, has caused much concern among consumers and producers alike. This toxin poses a serious economic threat to maize (Zea mays L.) producers of the southeastern and midwestern regions of the United States. Efforts to identify maize germplasm that is resistant to aflatoxin accumulation and to investigate the genetic basis of this resistance have been undertaken at numerous research institutions. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate aflatoxin accumulation in grain harvested from rnaize inbred lines and a diallel cross among these lines, (2) determine the importance of general and specific combining abilities in inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation, and (3) estimate general and specific combining ability effects associated with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in the inbred lines and crosses among them. Eight inbred lines and a diallel cross of the maize lines were inoculated with an A. flavus spore suspension 12-14 d after silk emergence. Following harvest, aflatoxin content was determined from samples of grain. Statistical analyses performed using SAS general linear models (GLM) and DIALLEL-SAS indicated that general and specific combining ability were significant sources of variation in the inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. The inbred line Mp313E, which was developed and released as a source of resistance to aflatoxin contamination, had significantly lower aflatoxin accumulation than other lines. Mo18W exhibited excellent general combining ability for reduced aflatoxin accumulation when crossed with the other lines. Both Mp313E and Mo18W could be useful in breeding programs to develop aflatoxin-resistant maize hybrids. Mp339, SC212M, and Ab24E demonstrated aflatoxin susceptibility as both inbreds and in single crosses. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wpwilliams@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.02.001 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 168OL UT WOS:000246533800007 ER PT J AU Eisenbies, MH Aust, WM Burger, JA Adams, MB AF Eisenbies, M. H. Aust, W. M. Burger, J. A. Adams, M. B. TI Forest operations, extreme flooding events, and considerations for hydrologic modeling in the Appalachians - A review SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE best management practices; forest operations; flooding; watershed management; hydrologic modeling ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY; DURATION SERIES METHODS; ANNUAL MAXIMUM SERIES; PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; LAND-USE CHANGES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; RUNOFF GENERATION; WESTERN CASCADES AB The connection between forests and water resources is well established, but the relationships among controlling factors are only partly understood. Concern over the effects of forestry operations, particularly harvesting, on extreme flooding events is a recurrent issue in forest and watershed management. Due to the complexity of the system, and the cost of installing large-scale hydrologic studies, data are usually limited. Therefore, hydrologic models are employed to evaluate specific land use issues during extreme conditions. Our objectives were to review literature regarding: (1) relevant forest hydrology concepts, (2) the effects of silviculture and forest operations on peak discharges and flood yields, and (3) the suitability of existing modeling approaches for assessing these effects on extreme peak discharges. Numerous studies have shown that the effects of forest operations on streamflow vary, and that the influence of vegetation, soils, and land use on streamflow generation diminishes as larger volumes of water are introduced to the system. The most significant impact forest operations might have on extreme flows is by routing via poorly located and designed road networks. Extreme events appear to have different hydrologic controls than lower-flow events, and that sharp thresholds may exist between these paradigms. There are a large number of hydrologic models currently available that have been developed for a wide variety of applications. Issues such as uncertainty, overparameterization, extrapolation of flood data, and logistic issues limit the use of hydrologic models for evaluating the specific controls and outcome of land-use change on extreme peak discharges. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Eisenbies, MH (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM meisenbi@vt.edu NR 259 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.051 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100001 ER PT J AU Lincoln, MC Will, RE Morris, LA Carter, EA Markewitz, D Britt, JR Cazell, B Ford, V AF Lincoln, M. Chad Will, Rodney E. Morris, Lawrence A. Carter, Emily A. Markewitz, Daniel Britt, John R. Cazell, Ben Ford, Vic TI Soil change and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedling growth following site preparation tillage in the Upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; loblolly pine; tillage; bedding; subsoiling; upper coastal plain ID ROOT-GROWTH; FIELD ESTABLISHMENT; STAND RESPONSE; EARLY RELEASE; PIEDMONT; WATER; PLANTATIONS; NITROGEN; GEORGIA AB To determine the relationship between changes in soil physical properties due to tillage and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings, we measured soil moisture and penetration resistance for a range of tillage treatments on two Upper Coastal Plain sites in Georgia and correlated these measurements to the growth of individual seedlings. The five tillage treatments were: no-till (NT), coulter only (C), coulter + subsoil (CS), coulter + bed (CB), and coulter + subsoil + bed (CSB). The effects of tillage on soil penetration resistance and volumetric water content were isolated from the potentially confounding effects of tillage on competition and soil fertility by completely eliminating all competing vegetation and by comparing tree response with and without periodic nutrient additions. At the site with a clay B-horizon at the surface, the tillage treatments increased relative height and relative diameter growth compared to the NT treatment during the first season, decreased soil penetration resistance, and decreased volumetric soil moisture (VWC). At the sandy site with a loamy sand topsoil averaging 15-40 cm, in depth over a sandy clay loam B-horizon, bedding, subsoiling and the minimal tillage associated with machine planting increased seedling growth compared to the C treatment. Soil penetration resistance and VWC were greatest in the C treatment, intermediate in the NT treatment, and lowest in the treatments receiving bedding. Soil penetration resistance between 40 and 50 cm (p = 0.03, r(2) = 0.40) was negatively correlated with seedling relative diameter growth at the clay site. Soil penetration resistance between 10 and 40 cm (p < 0.02, r(2) = 0.35) was negatively correlated with seedling diameters at the sandy site. Overall, the positive effects of soil tillage on growth were relatively small (i.e., increases in height and diameter of about 20%). Most of the positive benefits of tillage on growth and soil physical properties were captured with less intensive treatments such as machine planting (sandy site) or the coulter only (clay site). (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Forest Investment Associates, Jackson, MS 39232 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. MeadWestvaco, Phenix City, AL 36868 USA. Rayonier, Yulee, FL 32041 USA. RP Will, RE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rodney.will@okstate.edu RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.069 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100049 ER PT J AU South, DB Miller, JH AF South, David B. Miller, James H. TI Growth response analysis after early control of woody competition for 14 loblolly pine plantations in the southern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; weed control; hardwoods; herbicides; age-shift ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; NEW-ZEALAND; COASTAL-PLAIN; MIDROTATION; FERTILIZATION; RADIATA AB Only a few growth and yield programs allow users to model the effects of hardwood competition on yields from pine plantations. Several of these programs were developed with the assumption that reducing hardwood competition would consistently produce a Type 2 growth response where pine volume gains increase over time. However, the actual response is not always a Type 2 response. To determine growth response types resulting from woody control treatments, plot volume data were analyzed from 14 trials (on 13 sites) measured over a period of 2 decades (The COMProject). The "age-shift" method of growth analysis and regression analyses were used to classify the types of responses. After 20 years, stand volumes of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were increased after woody control at 13 of 14 trials when compared to no controls. At four trial locations the age gain ranged from 0.7 to 1.6 years and the growth response was classified as a pseudo-Type I response (i.e., pine growth was increased while the total above-ground biomass of the mixed-stand was not altered by the species shift). At nine trial locations a true Type 2 response was observed (i.e., increase in total above-ground biomass of the pine dominated mixed-stand) and the age gain ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 years. At a site in Louisiana, woody control on two similar blocks resulted in a reduction in both early and mid-rotation pine volumes (termed a Type E response) while two other blocks resulted in an early reduction that changed to a mid-rotation volume increase (termed a Type F response). Thus, four types of growth response were associated with woody control treatments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP South, DB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM southdb@auburn.edu; jmiller01@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.070 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100050 ER PT J AU Palladini, JD Jones, MG Sanders, NJ Jules, ES AF Palladini, Jennifer D. Jones, Maureen G. Sanders, Nathan J. Jules, Erik S. TI The recovery of ant communities in regenerating temperate conifer forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ants; canopy closure; chronosequence; disturbance; logging ID SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FIRE HISTORY; BIODIVERSITY; PLANT; ASSEMBLAGES; SUCCESSION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; CHRONOSEQUENCE AB Although ants perform many critical functions in forested ecosystems, little is known about how they respond to timber harvesting, especially in temperate systems. We examined ground-foraging ant communities and 11 forest characteristics in temperate conifer forests of southwestern Oregon, USA that ranged in age from 5 to 427 years. Seven forest characteristics were related to stand age and were summarized using principal components analysis (PCA). In this case study, species richness was nearly three times higher in young clearcuts compared to closed-canopy and old stands, and worker number was highest in young stands, lowest in closed-canopy stands, and intermediate in old stands. Using stepwise multiple regression, we found that both species richness and worker number were significantly related to PCA axis 1, which represented the environmental changes that accompany stand development, and canopy variability. Though species richness was high in recently logged stands, our study suggests that, in this system, the ant community does not resemble those found in mature forests until over 100 years following disturbance. Because ants modify their environment and perform ecosystem functions like seed dispersal, the alteration of ant communities may cascade through other parts of ecosystems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Illinois Valley Ranger Dist, Cave Junction, OR 97523 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Palladini, JD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jennifer.palladini@umontana.edu RI Sanders, Nathan/A-6945-2009 OI Sanders, Nathan/0000-0001-6220-6731 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.074 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100055 ER PT J AU Oswalt, CM Oswalt, SN Clatterbuck, WK AF Oswalt, Christopher M. Oswalt, Sonja N. Clatterbuck, Wayne K. TI Effects of Microstegium Vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus on native woody species density and diversity in a productive mixed-hardwood forest in Tennessee SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; invasive species; japangrass; Microstegium vimineum; Nepalese browntop; regeneration ID ALIEN PLANT; SHADE-TOLERANT; C-4 GRASS; INVASIONS AB We investigated the impacts of Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, on the density and diversity of native woody species regeneration following canopy disturbance in a productive mixed-hardwood forest in southwest Tennessee. Field observations of M. vimineum in the forest understory pre- and post-canopy disturbance led us to believe the species might have an impact on post-disturbance regeneration. Specifically, we noticed what appeared to be a dramatic increase in post-disturbance M. vimineum which we hypothesized would compete with native woody species regeneration, negatively impacting species diversity and seedling density. Total native woody species stems per hectare declined with increasing M. vimineum cover (P<0.001, r(2)=0.80). Simple species richness of native woody species and Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indecies also decreased with increasing M. vimineum percent cover (P=0.0023, r(2)=0.47, P=0.002, r(2)=0.47 and P=0.02, r(2)=0.31, respectively). Our results indicate that M. vimineum, may have a negative impact on native woody species regeneration in southern forests. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forest Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oswalt, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM coswalt@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.008 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100065 ER PT J AU Shang, ZB He, HS Lytle, DE Shifley, SR Crow, TR AF Shang, ZongBo He, Hong S. Lytle, David E. Shifley, Stephen R. Crow, Thomas R. TI Modeling the long-term effects of fire suppression on central hardwood forests in Missouri Ozarks, using LANDIS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; historic fire regime; fire hazard; oak; LANDIS model; fire modeling ID SPATIAL SIMULATION; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION; FREQUENCY; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE AB Fire suppression has been found to dramatically change fire regimes, lead to accumulation of fuels, and alter forest composition and species abundance in the Central Hardwood Forests in the Missouri Ozarks, United States. After a half century of fire suppression, fire hazards have increased to a high level and high intensity fires are more likely to occur. We used LANDIS, a spatially explicit landscape dynamics model, to simulate the long-term effects of fire suppression on forests in Missouri Ozarks. Specifically, we examined to what extent fire suppression would affect fuel loads and fire hazards, and how fire suppression would affect forest tree species abundance. Using a spatial modeling approach, we conducted 200-year simulations of two management scenarios: (1) a fire suppression scenario circa 1990s and (2) a historic fire regime scenario prior to fire suppression, with a mean fire-return interval of 14 years. Under the fire suppression scenario, the simulation showed that both fine and coarse fuels were at a medium-high level after a few more decades of fire suppression. Fire hazard also rapidly increased to a medium-high level within a few decades. After one century of fire suppression, simulated fire intensity increased to a dangerous level, with more than 3/4 of the fires at a medium-high intensity level. Fire suppression also led to distinct changes in species abundance; the pine and oak-pine forests which used to dominate the study area prior to fire suppression were replaced by mixed-oak forests. This study suggests that it may be desirable to re-introduce frequent fire. By greatly increasing the use of fire over current management levels, our simulation suggests less accumulation of dangerous fuels, reduced fire hazard, and decreased occurrence of high intensity fires. Results imply that frequent fire would greatly increase the abundance of fire-resistant species (e.g., shortleaf pine) and decrease the abundance of more fire-sensitive species such as red oaks. Such a compositional shift should also decrease the recent phenomenon of widespread oak decline events. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Nature Conservancy, Ohio Chapter, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, WFWAR, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Shang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM zshang1@uwyo.edu OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 71 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 2-3 BP 776 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.026 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 164XL UT WOS:000246268100070 ER PT J AU Bloschl, G Ardoin-Bardin, S Bonell, M Dorninger, M Goodrich, D Gutknecht, D Matamoros, D Merz, B Shand, P Szolgay, J AF Bloeschl, Guenter Ardoin-Bardin, Sandra Bonell, Mike Dorninger, Manfred Goodrich, David Gutknecht, Dieter Matamoros, David Merz, Bruno Shand, Paul Szolgay, Jan TI At what scales do climate variability and land cover change impact on flooding and low flows? SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGICAL IMPACT; FOREST; RIVER; EXTREMES; BASINS; US; PERSPECTIVE; PREDICTION; VEGETATION C1 Vienna Technol Univ, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources Engn, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. UMR Hydrosci, Montpellier, France. UNESCO, Div Water Sci, Paris, France. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. ESPOL, FIMCM, Guayaquil, Ecuador. GeoForsch Zentrum, Potsdam, Germany. CISRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Bloschl, G (reprint author), Vienna Technol Univ, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources Engn, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM bloeschl@hydro.tuwien.ac.at RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Shand, Paul/A-7194-2012; Bloschl, Gunter/I-8409-2014; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Bloschl, Gunter/0000-0003-2227-8225; Merz, Bruno/0000-0002-5992-1440 NR 46 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 7 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1247 DI 10.1002/hyp.6669 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 162UC UT WOS:000246114000012 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Smith, PK AF Harmel, R. Daren Smith, Patricia K. TI Consideration of measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of goodness-of-fit in hydrologic and water quality modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE model calibration; model validation; statistics; Nash-Sutcliffe; index of agreement ID PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; PHOSPHORUS; RIVER; EQUIFINALITY; NITROGEN; STORAGE AB As hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) models are increasingly used to guide water resource policy, management, and regulation, it is no longer appropriate to disregard uncertainty in model calibration, validation, and evaluation. In the present research, the method of calculating the error term in pairwise comparisons of measured and predicted values was modified to consider measurement uncertainty with the goat of facilitating enhanced evaluation of H/WQ models. The basis of this method was the theory that H/WQ models should not be evaluated against the values of measured data, which are uncertain, but against the inherent measurement uncertainty. Specifically, the deviation calculations of several goodness-of-fit indicators were modified based on the uncertainty boundaries (Modification 1) or the probability distribution of measured data (Modification 2). The choice between these two modifications is based on absence or presence of distributional information on measurement uncertainty. Modification 1, which is appropriate in the absence of distributional information, minimizes the calculated deviations and thus produced substantial improvements in goodness-of-fit indicators for each example data set. Modification 2, which provides a more realistic uncertainty estimate but requires distributional information on uncertainty, resulted in smaller improvements. Modification 2 produced small goodness-of-fit improvement for measured data with little uncertainty but produced modest improvement when data with substantial uncertainty were compared with both poor and good model predictions. This limited improvement is important because poor model good ness-of-fit, especially due to model structure deficiencies, should not appear satisfactory simply by including measurement uncertainty. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 40 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 337 IS 3-4 BP 326 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.01.043 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 165UK UT WOS:000246331200007 ER PT J AU Schilling, KE Kiniry, JR AF Schilling, K. E. Kiniry, J. R. TI Estimation of evapotranspiration by reed canarygrass using field observations and model simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE reed canarygrass; Phalaris arundinacea; evapotranspiration; ALMANAC; water table ID WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; USE EFFICIENCY; ALMANAC MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; WETLANDS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) commonly invades meadow wetlands, effectively dominating water use and outcompeting native plants. Objectives of this study were to (i) estimate daily, seasonal and annual water use by reed canarygrass using shallow water table fluctuations; and (ii) calibrate the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model to accurately simulate water uptake by this grass. Using a groundwater well, the water table under an area in Iowa dominated by reed canarygrass was monitored hourly. Differences between water level measurements taken each hour were averaged to determine the hourly water table change in each month. Using these estimates of water use, the ALMANAC model was then calibrated to simulate plant transpiration values close to these water table use rates. Average monthly calculated daily plant water use rates were 3.3 mm d(-1) in July and 2.3-2.8 mm d(-1) in May, June, August, and September. Simulated bimonthly values for measured water use and plant transpiration simulated by the ALMANAC model differed by 14% or less. From May to October the mean ratio of measured to simulated values was 94%. Thus, the similarity between simulated plant transpiration and water use from the water table showed promise that this process-based model can realistically simulate water use under such grassland systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76513 USA. RP Schilling, KE (reprint author), Iowa Geol Survey, 109 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kschilling@igsb.uiowa.edu NR 43 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 337 IS 3-4 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.02.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 165UK UT WOS:000246331200009 ER PT J AU Cho, YS Yeum, KJ Chen, CY Beretta, G Tang, G Krinsky, NI Yoon, S Lee-Kim, YC Blumberg, JB Russell, RM AF Cho, Yoon-Suk Yeum, Kyung-Jin Chen, Chung-Yen Beretta, Giangiacomo Tang, Guangwen Krinsky, Norman I. Yoon, Sun Lee-Kim, Yang Cha Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Russell, Robert M. TI Phytonutrients affecting hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in fruits, vegetables and legumes SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE vegetables; fruits; legumes; carotenoids; tocopherols; ascorbic acid; total phenols; lipophilic antioxidant performance (LAP); oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) ID ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY; ASCORBIC-ACID; FOODS; DISEASE; PLASMA; PREVENTION; OXIDIZABILITY; ANTHOCYANINS; CAROTENOIDS; POLYPHENOLS AB The antioxidant activities of fruits (n = 21), vegetables (n = 67) and legumes (n = 7) commonly consumed in Korea were determined by both the lipophilic antioxidant performance assay (LAP) and the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC). The LAP assay used the lipophilic radical initiator MeO-AMVN [2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)] and the lipophilic probe BODIPY 581/591 [4,4-difluoro-5-(4phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid]. The ORAC assay used the hydrophilic radical initiator AAPH [2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride] and the hydrophilic probe fluorescein. In addition, the lipid-soluble phytonutrients, carotenoids and tocopherols were determined by a reverse-phase HPLC system using a C30 column with a UV detector. The water-soluble phytonutrient, ascorbic acid, was analyzed using an HPLC system with an electrochemical detector. Total phenols were determined by UV spectrophotometry. Tocopherols (r = 0.774, p < 0.0001) and carotenoids (r = 0.569, p < 0.0001) were significantly correlated with LAP in total samples (n = 95). ORAC was significantly correlated with total phenols (r = 0.893, p < 0.0001), but not with ascorbic acid (r = 0.009, p = 0.929) in total samples (n = 95). These data indicate that carotenoids and tocopherols and total phenols are the major contributors to the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities, respectively. Therefore, the contribution of both the hydrophilic and lipophilic components of fruits and vegetables should be considered when determining the actual 'total' antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@Tufts.edu OI Beretta, Giangiacomo/0000-0003-0987-0857 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1096 EP 1107 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2817 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158YK UT WOS:000245831400020 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM Burnett, KM Kline, JD AF Wondzell, Steven M. Burnett, Kelly M. Kline, Jeffrey D. TI Landscape analysis: Projecting the effects of management and natural disturbances on forest and watershed resources of the Blue Mountains, Oregon, USA - Foreword SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIRE POLICY C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, SW Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave, SW Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us; kmburnett@fs.fed.us; jkline@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.003 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900001 ER PT J AU Hemstrom, MA Merzenich, J Reger, A Wales, B AF Hemstrom, Miles A. Merzenich, James Reger, Allison Wales, Barbara TI Integrated analysis of landscape management scenarios using state and transition models in the upper Grande Ronde River Subbasin, Oregon, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape models; landscape ecology; historical range of variability; forest structure; forest disturbance; Pacific northwest; interior northwest landscape analysis system ID EASTERN OREGON; HISTORICAL RANGE; TABU SEARCH; FORESTS; WASHINGTON; FIRE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; NORTHWEST; SUBJECT AB We modeled the integrated effects of natural disturbances and management activities for three disturbance scenarios on a 178,000 ha landscape in the upper Grande Ronde Subbasin of northeast Oregon. The landscape included three forest environments (warm-dry, cool-moist, and cold) as well as a mixture of publicly and privately owned lands. Our models were state and transition formulations that treat vegetation change as probabilistic transitions among structure and cover types. We simulated background natural disturbance (i.e., historical), active fuel treatment, and fire suppression only disturbance scenarios for 200 or 500 years, depending on scenario. Several interesting landscape hypotheses emerge from our scenario simulations: (1) changes in management approach in landscapes the size of our study area may take decades to play out owing to the time required to grow large trees and the feedback loops among disturbances, (2) the current landscape is considerably different from that which might exist under a natural disturbance regime, (3) fire suppression alone does not mimic background natural disturbances and does not produce abundant large tree structure, and (4) dense, multi-layered large tree forests may be particularly difficult to maintain in abundance in this and similar landscapes owing to wildfire and insect disturbances. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Hemstrom, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM mhemstrom@fs.fed.us; jmerzenich@fs.fed.us; areger@fs.fed.us; bwales@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 198 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.004 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900002 ER PT J AU Vavra, M Hemstrom, MA Wisdom, M AF Vavra, Marty Hemstrom, Miles A. Wisdom, Michael TI Modeling the effects of herbivores on the abundance of forest overstory states using a state-transition approach in the upper Grande Ronde River Basin, Oregon, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE herbivory; forest state dynamics; disturbance; landscapes ID OLYMPIC-NATIONAL-PARK; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RANGE; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; VARIABILITY; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Herbivory by wild and domestic ungulates profoundly affects vegetation patterns and processes. We modeled changes in the abundance of different interior Pacific Northwest forest states in a large landscape over time, by using a simple state and transition model and assumptions regarding how the intensity of herbivory might influence conifer regeneration rates. We modeled hypothetical herbivory effects under three disturbance regimes: (1) a natural disturbance regime without fire suppression, (2) a natural disturbance regime with only fire suppression, and (3) an active fuels management regime in which forest management was used to reduce probabilities of severe wildfires and in which wildfires were suppressed. Herbivory effects were modeled as "high" or "low" to explore how the intensity of ungulate herbivory might influence overstory canopy structure and composition. Our simulations predicted that high herbivory influences the abundance of forest overstory structural classes over time in all three disturbance scenarios. Our results illustrate how landscape-level planning decisions affecting herbivore densities and grazing regimes might influence the structural attributes of forests over time under different disturbance regimes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Vavra, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mvavra@fs.fed.us; mhemstrom@fs.fed.us; mwisdom@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.005 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900003 ER PT J AU Wales, BC Suring, LH Hemstrom, MA AF Wales, Barbara C. Suring, Lowell H. Hemstrom, Miles A. TI Modeling potential outcomes of fire and fuel management scenarios on the structure of forested habitats in northeast Oregon, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; fuels management; habitat modeling; Lynx canadensis; Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS); wildlife habitat ID INLAND NORTHWEST; LYNX-CANADENSIS; OLD FORESTS; WASHINGTON; LANDSCAPES; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; SETTLEMENT; RESPONSES; CASCADES AB Thinning and prescribed fire are being used extensively across the interior western United States to reduce the risk of large, severe wildfires. However, the full ecological consequences of implementing these management practices on the landscape have not been completely evaluated. We projected future vegetation trends resulting from four management scenarios and compared vegetation trends against the natural range of variability (NRV) using a state and transition model that included natural disturbances (e.g., wildfires, insect outbreaks) on a study area in northeast Oregon. We tracked the area of forests with large trees to assess potential trends of habitat for wildlife species closely associated with these forest structures and evaluated land allocations that restricted management practices on national forests (i.e., riparian and old-growth forests). We also specifically analyzed habitat available for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), a species listed as threatened under the USA Endangered Species Act. This included an evaluation of implementing and not implementing current management practices designed to protect Canada lynx habitat. We found that the area of forests in large-diameter (>= 52.5 cm) trees is currently well below the estimated NRV, and that it might take > 100 years to return to more natural levels regardless of the management scenario implemented. In addition, fuels management activities (i.e., thinning, prescribed fire) resulted in total area of closed-canopy large- and medium-diameter (>= 40 cm) forests well below that predicted under a natural disturbance regime, particularly in cool-moist and cold forests. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Wales, BC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM bwales@fs.fed.us; lsuring@fs.fed.us; mhemstrom@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.006 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900004 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Singleton, R Maguire, DA AF Barbour, R. James Singleton, Ryan Maguire, Douglas A. TI Evaluating forest product potential as part of planning ecological restoration treatments on forested landscapes SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE forest products; ecological restoration; wood supply; cost; revenue; GIS; landscape analysis; landscape modeling; ecosystem management AB As landscape scale assessments and modeling become a more common method for evaluating alternatives in integrated resource management, new techniques are needed to display and evaluate outcomes for large numbers of stands over long periods. In this proof of concept, we evaluate the potential to provide financial support for silvicultural treatments by selling timber harvested during treatments designed to achieve non-timber objectives such as fire hazard reduction or wildlife habitat improvement. We introduce the concept of dimensionless indices to describe and compare physical accessibility, harvest and hauling costs, and potential revenue from wood products. These indices are combined into a composite utilization index that portrays the relative potential of each polygon for wood utilization and associated cost offsets from integrated resource management activities. To illustrate these concepts, we simulate vegetation dynamics, management interventions, and natural disturbances over a 100-year period and summarize results into both tabular outputs and maps for a 178,000 ha landscape with more than 50,000 stands. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Bend, OR 97701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM jbarbour01@fs.fed.us; ryan.singleton@oregonstate.edu; doug.maguire@oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.12.003 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900005 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM Hemstrom, MA Bisson, PA AF Wondzell, Steven M. Hemstrom, Miles A. Bisson, Peter A. TI Simulating riparian vegetation and aquatic habitat dynamics in response to natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes in the Upper Grande Ronde River, Oregon, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Interior Columbia River basin; streams; state and transition models; salmon habitat; riparian vegetation ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; EASTERN OREGON; HISTORICAL CHANGES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; STREAM; WASHINGTON; CATTLE; WOOD AB We developed state and transition models (STMs) to evaluate the effects of natural disturbances and land-use practices on aquatic and riparian habitats. The STMs consisted of discrete states defined by channel morphology and riparian vegetation. Transitions between states resulted from plant succession and from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Channel conditions and habitat suitability for anadromous salmonids were ranked by using a qualitative four-factor scale for each state in the STMs. Disturbance probabilities were varied to define both historical and current disturbance regimes. Models were run for 120 years with the current disturbance regime to illustrate changes associated with Euro-American settlement, and then run for an additional 50 years under the historical disturbance regime to illustrate the potential for passive recovery. Results suggested that Euro-American settlement dramatically changed riparian vegetation and channel conditions, which resulted in substantial declines in habitat quality. Passive recovery of channel conditions and habitat suitability was quick in some stream types, but slow in others. Overall, our results underestimate the effects of human land uses on streams and overestimate the rate of recovery under passive restoration because the models do not yet include the effects of many management activities, especially those resulting from forest harvest and roads. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, SW Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave, SW Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us; mhemstrom@fs.fed.us; pbisson@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 249 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.012 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900006 ER PT J AU Ager, AA McMahan, AJ Barrett, JJ McHugh, CW AF Ager, Alan A. McMahan, Andrew J. Barrett, James J. McHugh, Charles W. TI A simulation study of thinning and fuel treatments on a wildland-urban interface in eastern Oregon, USA SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape simulation; fuels treatment; stand density index; FVS; wildfire ID FIRE BEHAVIOR; CROWN FIRE; FORESTS AB We simulated long-term forest management activities on a 16,000-ha wildland-urban interface in the Blue Mountains near La Grande, Oregon. The study area is targeted for thinning and fuels treatments on both private and Federally managed lands to address forest health and sustainability concerns and reduce the risk of severe wildfire. We modeled a number of benchmark management scenarios through time and examined potential wildfire behavior, stand structure, species composition, and other forest characteristics over the study area. The simulation models indicated that substantial area would require repeated thinning over time to meet desired forest density guidelines for the landscape as a whole. Fire models predicted significant reductions in crown fire activity for a specific weather scenario as a result of thinning and treatment of surface fuels. Substantial changes in stand structure and other characteristics were noted for the thinning versus no-treatment scenarios. The study provided a template of modeling methods and information for forest planners concerned with forest and fuel management issues in the Western United States. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. INTECS Int Inc, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Sandpoint Ranger Dist, Sandpoint, ID 83864 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM aager@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900009 ER PT J AU Ager, AA McMahan, A Hayes, JL Smith, EL AF Ager, Alan A. McMahan, Andrew Hayes, Jane L. Smith, Eric L. TI Modeling the effects of thinning on bark beetle impacts and wildfire potential in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscape simulation modeling; Forest Vegetation Simulator; thinning; bark beetles; wildfire behavior; Westwide Pine Beetle Model ID PONDEROSA PINE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; FIRE; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; FORESTS; STANDS; RANGE AB We simulated management scenarios with and without thinning over 60 years, coupled with a mountain pine beetle outbreak (at 30 years) to examine how thinning might affect bark beetle impacts, potential fire behavior, and their interactions on a 16,000-ha landscape in northeastern Oregon. We employed the Forest Vegetation Simulator, along with sub-models including the Parallel Processing Extension, Fire and Fuels Extension, and Westwide Pine Beetle Model (WPBM). We also compared responses to treatment scenarios of two bark beetle-caused tree mortality susceptibility rating systems. As hypothesized, thinning treatments led to substantial reduction in potential wildfire severity over time. However, contrary to expectations, the WPBM predicted higher bark beetle-caused mortality from an outbreak in thinned versus unthinned scenarios. Likewise, susceptibility ratings were also higher for thinned stands. Thinning treatments favored retention of early seral species such as ponderosa pine, leading to increases in proportion and average diameter of host trees. Increased surface fuel loadings and incidence of potential crown fire behavior were predicted post-outbreak; however, these effects on potential wildfire behavior were minor relative to effects of thinning. We discuss apparent inconsistencies between simulation outputs and literature, and identify improvements needed in the modeling framework to better address bark beetle-wildfire interactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. INTECS Int Inc, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ager, AA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM aager@fs.fed.us; dmcmahan@fs.fed.us; jlhayes@fs.fed.us; elsmith@fs.fed.us RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.010 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900010 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Moses, A Lettman, GJ Azuma, DL AF Kline, Jeffrey D. Moses, Alissa Lettman, Gary J. Azuma, David L. TI Modeling forest and range land development in rural locations, with examples from eastern Oregon SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE spatial land-use models; landscape change; wildland-urban interface ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-GROWTH; PATTERNS; TIMBER; ECOLOGY; IMPACT; USA AB The risks that wildfires pose for homes and other structures are a major concern of public lands policy and management. Development of private forest and range lands also can have landscape-level implications for public lands, if accompanying changes in private forest owner behavior effect changes in ecological conditions and processes and in wildfire. We characterized the spatial distribution of forest and range land development in three regions of eastern Oregon, USA, including the Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS) study area, to facilitate examining forest and fuel management alternatives to address wildfire and other forest health issues. We developed empirical models describing the spatial distribution of buildings and the construction of new buildings in each region, as a function of population, existing building densities, slope, elevation, and land-use zoning. We used the empirical models to create geographic information system maps of predicted future building densities on forest and range lands to support vegetation, wildfire, and terrestrial and aquatic habitat analyses. Model predictions suggest that future forest and range land development could be relatively limited within the INLAS study area. The results raise conceptual and methodological questions about how best to anticipate future development in rural locations beyond examining and projecting historical trends alone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab,Forest Inventory & anal, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM JKline@fs.fed.us; GLETTMAN@ODF.STATE.OR.US; dazuma@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.017 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900012 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Hemstrom, MA Hayes, JL AF Barbour, R. James Hemstrom, Miles A. Hayes, Jane L. TI The Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System: A step toward understanding integrated landscape analysis SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE integrated landscape analysis; science integration; state and transition modeling; legacy structure; forest vegetation simulator; wildlife habitat; ungulate herbivory; wood utilization ID FORESTS; OREGON; DISTURBANCES; USA; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; RANGE AB The Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS) project demonstrated a method for assembling teams of scientists to conduct integrated landscape analyses at the mid- or subbasin scale in the interior Northwestern United States. A state and transition modeling system (STM) with transition probabilities calibrated by using a stand-level silvicultural model to estimate rates of vegetative change was used as a central vegetative "modeling engine." It connected to a variety of resource-related models including: wildlife habitat quantity, insect activity, grazing by ungulates, timber management, and wood utilization potential. Where appropriate, the study team examined other vegetation modeling approaches including an optimization approach based on heuristic methods and modifications to an existing stand-level projection tool, which was integrated with existing fire and insect behavior models. The STM approach provided a relatively simple interface for most resource models. These were connected to examine the influence of vegetative succession, natural disturbances, and management over a 100-200-year horizon under three management scenarios: (1) background natural disturbance, (2) fire suppression only, and (3) active fuel management. Taken all together, the results suggest to us: (1) maintaining abundant large-tree multistoried structure in cool, moist forest conditions is likely to be difficult, (2) both active fuel treatment and passive management scenarios increased the proportion of large-tree single-story forests in dry forest conditions, and (3) fire suppression only was least effective in producing and maintaining these "legacy" structures in either dry or moist forest conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jbarbour01@fs.fed.us; mhemstrom@fs.fed.us; jlhayes@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.12.002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 163PB UT WOS:000246170900013 ER PT J AU Agam, N Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Li, FQ Neale, CMU AF Agam, Nurit Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Li, Fuqin Neale, Christopher M. U. TI A vegetation index based technique for spatial sharpening of thermal imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land surface temperature; spatial resolution; image sharpening; thermal remote sensing; radiometric temperature ID RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MODEL PERFORMANCE; ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-CONTENT; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHENOLOGY; RESPONSES; AIRCRAFT; COVER AB High spatial resolution (similar to 100 m) thermal infrared band imagery has utility in a variety of applications in environmental monitoring. However, currently such data have limited availability and only at low temporal resolution, while coarser resolution thermal data (similar to 1000 m) are routinely available, but not as useful for identifying environmental features for many landscapes. An algorithm for sharpening thermal imagery (TsHARP) to higher resolutions typically associated with the shorter wavebands (visible and near-infrared) used to compute vegetation indices is examined over an extensive corn/soybean production area in central Iowa during a period of rapid crop growth. This algorithm is based on the assumption that a unique relationship between radiometric surface temperature (T-R) relationship and vegetation index (VI) exists at multiple resolutions. Four different methods for defining a VI-T-R basis function for sharpening were examined, and an optimal form involving a transformation to fractional vegetation cover was identified. The accuracy of the high-resolution temperature retrieval was evaluated using aircraft and Landsat thermal imagery, aggregated to simulate native and target resolutions associated with Landsat, MODIS, and GOES short- and longwave datasets. Applying TsHARP to simulated MODIS thermal maps at 1-km resolution and sharpening down to similar to 250 in (MODIS VI resolution) yielded root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of 0.67-1.35 degrees C compared to the 'observed' temperature fields, directly aggregated to 250 m. Sharpening simulated Landsat thermal maps (60 and 120 m) to Landsat VI resolution (30 m) yielded errors of 1.8-2.4 degrees C, while sharpening simulated GOES thermal maps from 5 km to I km and 250 m yielded RMSEs of 0.98 and 1.97, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential for improving the spatial resolution of thermal-band satellite imagery over this type of rainfed agricultural region. By combining GOES thermal data with shortwave VI data from polar orbiters, thermal imagery with 250-m spatial resolution and 15-min temporal resolution can be generated with reasonable accuracy. Further research is required to examine the performance of TsHARP over regions with different climatic and land-use characteristics at local and regional scales. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Agam, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM agam@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 NR 31 TC 121 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 4 BP 545 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.006 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161SL UT WOS:000246036000003 ER PT J AU Obeidat, SM Glasser, T Landau, SY Anderson, DM Rayson, GD AF Obeidat, Safwan M. Glasser, Tzach Landau, Serge Y. Anderson, Dean M. Rayson, Gary D. TI Application of multi-way data analysis on excitation-emission spectra for plant identification SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE luminescence spectroscopy; multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA); parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC); phosphate buffered saline plant extracts ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LIF SPECTRA; FECAL NIRS; LEAVES; BLUE; GREEN; FLUOROMETRY; CALIBRATION; FECES AB The ability to distinguish among diets fed to Damascus goats using excitation-emission luminescence spectra was investigated. These diets consisted of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), Trifolium spp. (clover), Pistacia lentiscus, Phyllirea latifolia and Pinus brutia. The three-dimensional luminescence response surface from phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts of each material was analyzed using muti-way analysis chemometric tools (MPCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Using three principal components, the spectra from each diet material were distinguished. Additionally, fecal samples from goats fed diets of either alfalfa or clover hays were investigated. The application of MPCA and PARAFAC to these samples using models derived from the pre-digested diet materials was strongly suggestive of the utility of similarly derive training samples for the elucidation of botanical diet composition for animals. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Dept Nat Resources & Agron, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Rayson, GD (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM garayson@nmsu.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP 682 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.045 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 165QU UT WOS:000246321200052 PM 19071673 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Trout, James M. TI Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in mature dairy cattle on farms in eastern United States compared with younger cattle from the same locations SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zoonoses; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium bovis; Cryptosporidium andersoni; age; molecular; epidemiology ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; RISK-FACTORS; PARVUM INFECTION; ADULT CATTLE; BOS-TAURUS; NEW-YORK; CALVES; GIARDIA; DIARRHEA; OOCYSTS AB Feces collected from 541 milking cows on two dairy farms each in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Oocysts were concentrated from 15 g of feces from each cow and DNA was extracted. A two-step nested PCR protocol was used to amplify an 830 base pair fragment of the SSUrRNA gene. PCR-positive products were purified and sequenced. PCR-positive findings were obtained from cows in all seven states and from 11 of 14 farms. Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, and Cryptosporidium andersoni were found on 2, 6, and 8 farms, and infected 0.4, 1.7, and 3.7% of the 541 cows, respectively. The overall lower prevalence of Cryptosporidium in these cows was very highly significant (p <= 0.0001) compared with younger cattle and the relative prevalence of each species of Cryptosporidium also differed when compared with younger cattle previously examined on most of these same farms. The very low level of infection with C. parvum, the major species pathogenic to both cattle and humans, suggests that mature dairy cattle are a relatively low risk source of infection for humans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.009 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 158NA UT WOS:000245797000009 PM 17287086 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Zhu, XQ Sundar, N Zhang, H Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Zhu, X. Q. Sundar, N. Zhang, H. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Genetic and biologic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates of cats from China SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; cats; China; feces; antibodies; genotyping ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; SOUTH-AMERICA; TISSUE CYSTS; BRAZIL; SEROPREVALENCE; RESPONSES; COLOMBIA; STATE AB Cats are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. In the present study, prevalence of T gondii was determined in serum, feces, and tissues of 34 cats from People's Republic of China. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 27 of 34 (79.4%) cats with titers of 1:40 in one, 1:80 in one, 1: 160 in three, 1:320 in three, 1:640 in eight, and 1: 1280 or higher in 11 cats. T gondii oocysts were not found in feces of any cat as ascertained by bioassay in mice. Tissues (brain, heart, and tongue) of 27 seropositive cats were pooled and bioassayed in mice (8 cats) or cats (19 cats). T gondii was isolated from tissues of 17 of 27 seropositive cats. Genotyping of these 17 T gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and a new SAG2, and an apicoplast marker Apico revealed two genotypes. This is the first report of genetic typing of T gondii isolates from cats from China. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 18 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.016 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 158NA UT WOS:000245797000020 PM 17267132 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Griswold, TL AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry L. TI A review of the North and Central American Megachile subgenus Argyropile Mitchell (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; phylogeny; new species; floral records; bees ID BEES AB We provide a synopsis of Megachile subgenus Argyropile, describe a new species from Mexico and Guatemala, present descriptions for previously unknown males, and explore the internal phylogeny of the group. We also provide an illustrated key in Spanish and English to all of its species. Seven species, including Megachile longuisetosa Gonzalez & Griswold, new species, are recognized herein. Females of M. longuisetosa can be separated from other species of Argyropile by the combination of the following characters: mid basitarsus with anterodistal margin strongly, acutely projected, mesoscutal-mesoscutellar suture with distinct pubescent fascia, and apical margin of sixth sternum abruptly bent dorsally and males by the sixth tergum with preapical carina and apical margin entire, fifth and sixth sterna with simple, unmodified setae, and apex of gonoforceps with long setae. The males of Megachile sabinensis and M. rossi, are described and illustrated for the first time. Megachile asterae and M. tulariana are considered as new synonyms of M. parallela. In a cladistic analysis, two most parsimonious trees were obtained for Argyropile, from 13 morphological characters. Two clades were clearly differentiated: one clade includes M. sabinensis and M. subparallela, while the other one includes the remaining species. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species and the biology of the subgenus are discussed. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Haworth Hall,1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM vhgonza@ku.edu; tgris@biology.usu.edu RI Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 30 PY 2007 IS 1461 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 161OB UT WOS:000246023800001 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Bolten, JD AF Crow, W. T. Bolten, J. D. TI Estimating precipitation errors using spaceborne surface soil moisture retrievals SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION AB Limitations in the availability of ground-based rain gauge data currently hamper our ability to quantify errors in global precipitation products over data-poor areas of the world. Over land, these limitations may be eased by approaches based on interpreting the degree of dynamic consistency existing between precipitation estimates and remotely-sensed surface soil moisture retrievals. This paper demonstrates how such an approach can be implemented using a Kalman filter tuning procedure to reliably estimate daily rainfall errors in global precipitation products without reliance on ground-based rainfall observations. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Bldg 007 Room 104,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Bolten, John/F-9006-2012 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 AR L08403 DI 10.1029/2007GL029450 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163ER UT WOS:000246142100005 ER PT J AU Pickersgill, L Litherland, GJ Greenberg, AS Walker, M Yeaman, SJ AF Pickersgill, Laura Litherland, Gary J. Greenberg, Andrew S. Walker, Mark Yeaman, Stephen J. TI Key role for ceramides in mediating insulin resistance in human muscle cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; PERILIPIN-A; DIACYLGLYCEROL; ACCUMULATION AB Elevated non-esterified fatty acids, triglyceride, diacylglycerol, and ceramide have all been associated with insulin resistance in muscle. We set out to investigate the role of intramyocellular lipid metabolites in the induction of insulin resistance in human primary myoblast cultures. Muscle cells were subjected to adenovirus-mediated expression of perilipin or incubated with fatty acids for 18 h, prior to insulin stimulation and measurement of lipid metabolites and rates of glycogen synthesis. Adenovirus-driven perilipin expression lead to significant accumulation of triacylglycerol in myoblasts, without any detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, as judged by the ability of insulin to stimulate glycogen synthesis. Similarly, incubation of cells with the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate resulted in triacylglycerol accumulation without inhibiting insulin action. By contrast, the saturated fatty acid palmitate induced insulin resistance. Palmitate treatment caused less accumulation of triacylglycerol than did oleate but also induced significant accumulation of both diacylglycerol and ceramide. Insulin resistance was also caused by cell-permeable analogues of ceramide, and palmitate-induced resistance was blocked in the presence of inhibitors of de novo ceramide synthesis. Oleate co-incubation completely prevented the insulin resistance induced by palmitate. Our data are consistent with ceramide being the agent responsible for insulin resistance caused by palmitate exposure. Furthermore, the triacylglycerol derived from oleate was able to exert a protective role in sequestering palmitate, thus preventing its conversion to ceramide. C1 Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Yeaman, SJ (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM S.J.Yeaman@ncl.ac.uk FU NIDDK NIH HHS [IH DK50647]; Wellcome Trust [066495/Z/01/A] NR 36 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 27 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 17 BP 12583 EP 12589 DI 10.1074/jbc.M611157200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 160LR UT WOS:000245942800027 PM 17337731 ER PT J AU Gatlin, DM Barrows, FT Brown, P Dabrowski, K Gaylord, TG Hardy, RW Herman, E Hu, GS Krogdahl, A Nelson, R Overturf, K Rust, M Sealey, W Skonberg, D Souza, EJ Stone, D Wilson, R Wurtele, E AF Gatlin, Delbert M., III Barrows, Frederic T. Brown, Paul Dabrowski, Konrad Gaylord, T. Gibson Hardy, Ronald W. Herman, Eliot Hu, Gongshe Krogdahl, Ashild Nelson, Richard Overturf, Kenneth Rust, Michael Sealey, Wendy Skonberg, Denise Souza, Edward J. Stone, David Wilson, Rich Wurtele, Eve TI Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE alternative proteins; sustainable aquafeeds; plant proteins ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; STURGEON ACIPENSER-BAERI; DIETARY COTTONSEED MEAL; LACTIC-ACID FERMENTATION; SOY PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; LABEO-ROHITA HAMILTON; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA AB Continued growth and intensification of aquaculture production depends upon the development of sustainable protein sources to replace fish meal in aquafeeds. This document reviews various plant feedstuffs, which currently are or potentially may be incorporated into aquafeeds to support the sustainable production of various fish species in aquaculture. The plant feedstuffs considered include oilseeds, legumes and cereal grains, which traditionally have been used as protein or energy concentrates as well as novel products developed through various processing technologies. The nutritional composition of these various feedstuffs are considered along with the presence of any bioactive compounds that may positively or negatively affect the target organism. Lipid composition of these feedstuffs is not specifically considered although it is recognized that incorporating lipid supplements in aquafeeds to achieve proper fatty acid profiles to meet the metabolic requirements of fish and maximize human health benefits are important aspects. Specific strategies and techniques to optimize the nutritional composition of plant feedstuffs and limit potentially adverse effects of bioactive compounds are also described. Such information will provide a foundation for developing strategic research plans for increasing the use of plant feedstuffs in aquaculture to reduce dependence of animal feedstuffs and thereby enhance the sustainability of aquaculture. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, College Stn, TX USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, MS USA. USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Aquaculture Prot Ctr, As, Norway. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 2258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451; Wurtele, Eve/0000-0003-1552-9495 NR 168 TC 559 Z9 584 U1 23 U2 176 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 551 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01704.x PG 29 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 164NB UT WOS:000246239700001 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Pasnik, DJ Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. Pasnik, David J. Shoemaker, Craig A. TI Influence of natural Trichodina sp parasitism on experimental Streptococcus iniae or Streptococcus agalactiae infection and survival of young channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; infection; Streptococcus sp; Trichodina sp ID TILAPIA C1 USDA ARS, AAHRL, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, AAHRL, Auburn, AL USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, AAHRL, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2007.01710.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 164NB UT WOS:000246239700013 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Hyndman, SE Evens, TJ AF Niedz, Randall P. Hyndman, Scott E. Evens, Terence J. TI Using a gestalt to measure the quality of in vitro responses SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE citrus; sweet orange; Brugmansia x candida; response surface methodology ID SOLANUM-MELONGENA-L; PLANT-REGENERATION; CALLUS FORMATION; TISSUE-CULTURES; SHOOT; PROTOPLASTS; GROWTH; EMBRYOGENESIS; OPTIMIZATION; CULTIVARS AB Overall "quality" of in vitro responses can sometimes be difficult to assess using measured response variables (e.g., shoot number and height, and callus fresh weight). Gestalt Theory is the idea that the whole is perceived to be greater than the sum of the individual parts. To determine if a gestalt assessment could be used to assess quality of in vitro responses two plant tissue culture systems were examined-Brugmansia x candida shoot multiplication and sweet orange nonembryogenic callus growth. The gestalt assessment of each system was compared to measured responses-shoot number, leaf length and width for Brugmansia x candida, and fresh weight accumulation for citrus. The gestalt analysis modeled as precisely as the measured response variables for both in vitro systems while satisfying the statistical assumptions necessary for a valid analysis. We concluded that the gestalt response is a valid response as it was indistinguishable, in terms of statistical quality, from the measured responses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Niedz, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 112 IS 3 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.12.044 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 160TW UT WOS:000245966200017 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Kwon, MJ Huang, SR Lee, JY Fukase, K Inohara, N Hwang, DH AF Zhao, Ling Kwon, Myung-Ja Huang, Shurong Lee, Joo Y. Fukase, Koichi Inohara, Naohiro Hwang, Daniel H. TI Differential modulation of nods signaling pathways by fatty acids in human colonic epithelial HCT116 cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE RECOGNITION; HOST-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS; INTERLEUKIN-8 EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL PEPTIDOGLYCAN; CROHNS-DISEASE; TNF-ALPHA; FAMILY AB Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins ( Nods) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors recognizing conserved moieties of bacterial peptidoglycan through their leucine-rich repeats domain. The agonists for Nods activate proinflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-kappa B pathways. The results from our previous studies showed that the activation of TLR4 and TLR2, leucine-rich repeat-containing pattern recognition receptors, were differentially modulated by saturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we show the differential modulation of NF-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 ( IL-8) expression in colonic epithelial cells HCT116 by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids mediated through Nods proteins. Lauric acid ( C12:0) dose dependently activated NF-kappa B and induced IL-8 expression in HCT116 cells, which express both Nod1 and Nod2, but not detectable amounts of TLR2 and TLR4. These effects of lauric acid were inhibited by dominant negative forms of Nod1 or Nod2, but not by dominant negative forms of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5. The effects of lauric acid were also attenuated by small RNA interference targeting Nod1 or Nod2. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inhibited the activation of NF-kappa B and IL-8 expression induced by lauric acid or known Nods ligands in HCT116. Furthermore, lauric acid induced, but docosahexaenoic acid inhibited lauric acid- or Nod2 ligand MDP-induced, Nod2 oligomerization in HEK293T cells transfected with Nod2. Together, these results provide new insights into the role of dietary fatty acids in modulating inflammation in colon epithelial cells. The results suggest that Nods may be involved in inducing sterile inflammation, one of the key etiological conditions in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, DK41868] NR 55 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 16 BP 11618 EP 11628 DI 10.1074/jbc.M608644200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 160LK UT WOS:000245941900003 PM 17303577 ER PT J AU Huang, N Zhang, YL D'Adamo, R AF Huang, Ning Zhang, Yali D'Adamo, Robert TI A model of the trajectories and midair collision probabilities of sand particles in a steady state saltation cloud SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BED; TRANSPORT; GRAINS; WIND; SIMULATION; MOVEMENT; SIZE; AIR AB [1] To estimate the probability of a midair interparticle collision for a 0.25 mm saltating particle in a steady state saltation cloud, a physical model that can predict this probability is developed. In our model a set of experimentally determined saltation cloud wind profiles, which are notably nonlogarithmic, are employed. First, the trajectories of a saltating particle with different lift-off velocities and at different free-stream wind velocities are calculated using the wind profile results, and they are compared to corresponding trajectories calculated by logarithmically distributed wind profiles. Our model yields trajectory heights and lengths that are much different than those calculated by the logarithmically distributed profiles. Second, the midair interparticle collision probability is simulated for its ascending and descending stages, as well as for its entire trajectory. Finally, by considering the probability density function the collision probabilities of a saltating particle with a random lift-off velocity at several friction velocities of wind are calculated. The results show that the probability of such a collision almost linearly increases with the friction velocity of wind, and it can reach as high as 0.34 when the friction velocity of wind is 1.2 m/s. Therefore the effect of midair collision should not be neglected in the saltation model, especially at high-friction velocities of wind. C1 Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Mech Western Disaster & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. Lanzhou Univ, Dept Mech, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Huang, N (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Mech Western Disaster & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM huangn@lzu.edu.cn NR 38 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D8 AR D08206 DI 10.1029/2006JD007480 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160OI UT WOS:000245951800005 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Martins, VE Alkharouf, NW Overall, CC MacDonald, MH Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. Martins, Veronica E. Alkharouf, Nadim W. Overall, Christopher C. MacDonald, Margaret H. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI A decline in transcript abundance for Heterodera glycines homologs of Caenorhabditis elegans uncoordinated genes accompanies its sedentary parasitic phase SO BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN-1; INTEGRIN ADHESION COMPLEXES; BODY-WALL MUSCLE; C-ELEGANS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; UNC-52 GENE; DYSTROPHIN; BINDING; EXPRESSION AB Background: Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [SCN]), the major pathogen of Glycine max (soybean), undergoes muscle degradation (sarcopenia) as it becomes sedentary inside the root. Many genes encoding muscular and neuromuscular components belong to the uncoordinated (unc) family of genes originally identified in Caenorhabditis elegans. Previously, we reported a substantial decrease in transcript abundance for Hg-unc-87, the H. glycines homolog of unc-87 (calponin) during the adult sedentary phase of SCN. These observations implied that changes in the expression of specific muscle genes occurred during sarcopenia. Results: We developed a bioinformatics database that compares expressed sequence tag (est) and genomic data of C. elegans and H. glycines (CeHg database). We identify H. glycines homologs of C. elegans unc genes whose protein products are involved in muscle composition and regulation. RT-PCR reveals the transcript abundance of H. glycines unc homologs at mobile and sedentary stages of its lifecycle. A prominent reduction in transcript abundance occurs in samples from sedentary nematodes for homologs of actin, unc-60B (cofilin), unc-89, unc-15 (paromyosin), unc-27 (troponin 1), unc-54 (myosin), and the potassium channel unc-110 (twk-18). Less reduction is observed for the focal adhesion complex gene Hg-unc-97. Conclusion: The CeHg bioinformatics database is shown to be useful in identifying homologs of genes whose protein products perform roles in specific aspects of H. glycines muscle biology. Our bioinformatics comparison of C. elegans and H. glycines genomic data and our Hg-unc-87 expression experiments demonstrate that the transcript abundance of specific H. glycines homologs of muscle gene decreases as the nematode becomes sedentary inside the root during its parasitic feeding stages. C1 USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Univ Coll, Grad Sch Biotechnol Studies, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Towson State Univ, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heartwood27@hotmail.com; veronicamartins@yahoo.com; nalkharouf@gmail.com; coverall@gmu.edu; macdonam@ba.ars.usda.gov; matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Overall, Christopher/0000-0001-6404-5521 NR 72 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-213X J9 BMC DEV BIOL JI BMC Dev. Biol. PD APR 19 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 35 DI 10.1186/1471-213X-7-35 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 166CW UT WOS:000246355800001 PM 17445261 ER PT J AU Gray, SM Caillaud, MC Burrows, M Smith, DM AF Gray, Stewart M. Caillaud, Marina C. Burrows, Mary Smith, Dawn M. TI Transmission of two viruses that cause Barley Yellow Dwarf is controlled by different loci in the aphid, Schizaphis graminum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polerovirus; luteovirus; greenbug; vector competence; circulative; persistent transmission ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BYDV-PAV TRANSMISSION; SITOBION-AVENAE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; GENETIC-VARIATION; DENGUE-2 VIRUS; ORAL-SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLANTHOPPER VECTOR; MYZUS-PERSICAE AB Clonal populations of the aphid, Schizaphis graminum, have been separated into biotypes based on host preference and their ability to overcome resistance genes in wheat. Recently, several biotypes were found to differ in their ability to transmit one or more of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease in grain crops, and vector competence was linked to host preference. The genetics of host preference has been studied in S. graminum, but how this may relate to the transmission of plant viruses is unknown. Sexual morphs of a vector and nonvector S. graminum genotype were induced from parthenogenetic females and reciprocal crosses made. Eighty-nine hybrids were generated and maintained by parthenogenesis. Each hybrid was evaluated for its ability to transmit Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, and for its ability to colonize two wheat genotypes each expressing a different gene that confers resistance to S. graminum. The F1 genotypes were genetically variable for their ability to transmit virus and to colonize the aphid resistant wheat, but these traits were not genetically correlated. Individual F1 genotypes ranged in transmission efficiency from 0-100% for both viruses, although the overall mean transmission efficiency was similar to the transmission competent parent, indicating directional dominance. The direction of the cross did not significantly affect the vector competency for either virus, suggesting that maternally inherited cytoplasmic factors, or bacterial endosymbionts, did not contribute significantly to the inheritance of vector competency in S. graminum. Importantly, there was no genetic correlation between the ability to transmit Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV in the F1 genotypes. These results taken together indicate that multiple loci are involved in the circulative transmission, and that the successful transmission of these closely related viruses is regulated by different sets of aphid genes. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu; mcaillaud@ithaca.edu; meb76@cornell.edu NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 19 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 25 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 158UZ UT WOS:000245821900001 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Palmquist, DE AF Eller, Fred J. Taylor, S. L. Palmquist, Debra E. TI Enhanced selective extraction of hexane from hexane/soybean oil mixture using binary gas mixtures of carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; binary mixture; selective extraction; soybean oil; hexane ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN OIL; HELIUM; REPRODUCIBILITY; EQUILIBRIA; CYLINDERS; DENSITY; SYSTEM; CO2 AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) can effectively separate hexane from a mixture of soybean oil (SBO) and hexane with a slight coextraction of SBO. Previous research demonstrated that CO2 entrained with helium significantly reduced SBO solubility in CO2. In this study, CO2 was mixed with three gases (He, N-2, or Ar) (0.5-30 vol %) to decrease SBO solubility while attempting to maintain hexane solubility. The binary gas mixtures (at 25 degrees C and 9.31 MPa) were passed through a 25 wt % hexane/SBO mixture inside a 2.5 m fractionation column. Coextracted SBO was inversely proportional to binary gas concentration, whereas residual hexane in the raffinate was proportional to binary gas concentration. The 10% binary mixture of N-2 or Ar was the best compromise to obtain both low residual hexane levels (i.e., 26 ppm) and low SBO coextraction (i.e., only 40 mg). This carry-over of SBO represents a 95% reduction in SBO carry-over compared to neat CO2. C1 Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Midwest Area Off, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ellerfj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2779 EP 2783 DI 10.1021/jf0630264 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 155TE UT WOS:000245600300003 PM 17373811 ER PT J AU Williams, LD Glenn, AE Zimeri, AM Bacon, CW Smith, MA Riley, RT AF Williams, Lonnie D. Glenn, Anthony E. Zimeri, Anne Marie Bacon, Charles W. Smith, Mary Alice Riley, Ronald T. TI Fumonisin disruption of ceramide biosynthesis in maize roots and the effects on plant development and Fusarium verticillioides-induced seedling disease SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium verticillioides; maize; Zea mays; seedling disease ID F-SP LYCOPERSICI; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; AAL-TOXIN; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BANANA FRUITS; ZEA-MAYS; CORN; MONILIFORME AB The fungus Fusarium verticillioides infects maize and produces fumonisins, inhibitors of ceramide synthase. Seeds of the cultivar Silver Queen were inoculated with fumonisin-producing or nonfumonisin-producing strains of F. verticillioides. Leaf lesion incidence and severity of effects on root and stalk growth were significantly correlated with fumonisin in roots and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in roots. Uninoculated seeds grown in soil watered with solutions of fumonisin B-1 exhibited above-ground symptoms indicative of F. verticillioides-induced seedling disease and dose-dependent reduction in root mass that was inversely correlated with fumonisin B-1, sphingoid bases, and sphingoid base 1-phosphates in roots. There was also evidence of an adaptive response to disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in both the virulence and watering assays, suggesting induction of pathways responsible for metabolism of sphingoid base 1-phosphates after prolonged exposure. The results suggest that fumonisin, and its effects on sphingolipids, could contribute to all aspects of F. verticillioides maize seedling disease. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ron.riley@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2937 EP 2946 DI 10.1021/jf0635614 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 155TE UT WOS:000245600300027 PM 17381121 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Berhow, MA Dowd, PF AF Johnson, Eric T. Berhow, Mark A. Dowd, Patrick F. TI Expression of a maize Myb transcription factor driven by a putative silk-specific promoter significantly enhances resistance to Helicoverpa zea in transgenic maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; maysin; insect resistance; silk; transgenic ID PLANTS CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PHLOEM-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; CORN-EARWORM; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; TOBACCO PLANTS; MAYSIN CONTENT; INSECT PEST; GENE; PROTEIN AB Hi II maize (Zea mays) plants were engineered to express maize p1 cDNA, a Myb transcription factor, controlled by a putative silk specific promoter, for secondary metabolite production and corn earworm resistance. Transgene expression did not enhance silk color, but about half of the transformed plant silks displayed browning when cut, which indicated the presence of p1-produced secondary metabolites. Levels of maysin, a secondary metabolite with insect toxicity, were highest in newly emerged browning silks. The insect resistance of transgenic silks was also highest at emergence, regardless of maysin levels, which suggests that other unidentified p1-induced molecules likely contributed to larval mortality. Mean survivor weights of corn earworm larvae fed mature browning transgenic silks were significantly lower than weights of those fed mature nonbrowning transgenic silks. Some transgenic pericarps browned with drying and contained similar molecules found in pericarps expressing a dominant p1 allele, suggesting that the promoter may not be silk-specific. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Johnson, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM johnet@ncaur.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2998 EP 3003 DI 10.1021/jf0633600 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 155TE UT WOS:000245600300035 PM 17385885 ER PT J AU Li, XX Hu, CS Delgado, JA Zhang, YM Ouyang, ZY AF Li, Xiaoxin Hu, Chunsheng Delgado, Jorge A. Zhang, Yuming Ouyang, Zhiyun TI Increased nitrogen use efficiencies as a key mitigation alternative to reduce nitrate leaching in north China plain SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE best management practices; lysimeter; nitrogen use efficiencies; nitrate leaching; water balance; North China Plain ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; MANAGEMENT ZONES; WATER MANAGEMENT; CROPPING SYSTEM; TILE DRAINAGE; SANDY SOIL; LOSSES; GROUNDWATER; IRRIGATION; CONSERVATION AB The Northern China Plain (NCP) produces over 20% of the national grain production. Best management practices (BMP) for intensive irrigated cropping systems of the NCP are based on large nitrogen (N) applications without accounting for N budgets. There are concerns that non-scientific based BMPs may be impacting underground water resources. We conducted the first study in this region, located at the Luancheng Experimental Research Station that measured the effects of N fertilizer rates on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching losses. From October 1, 2001 to September 30, 2004, we used a water balance approach with a neutron probe, weighing lysimeter, and suction cups located at 1.8 m depths on a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation to monitor NO3-N leaching. Residual soil NO3-N, yields, and N uptake by aboveground biomass were also measured. Corn received two surface broadcast applications every year of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg urea-N ha(-1) for the N-200, N-400, N-600, and N-800 treatments, respectively. The first broadcast application was at seeding and the second at tassel. Similarly, winter wheat received two surface broadcast applications, initially as a pre-plant and a second application at the jointing stage of growth in spring. We monitored NO3-N leaching losses for the N-200, N-400, and N-800 treatments. Average NO3-N leaching losses during wheat-corn season were 6, 58, and 149 kg NO3-N ha(-1) year(-1) for the 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) treatments, respectively. The NO3-N leaching increased with N applications (P < 0.05) and were in agreement with the NO3-N concentrations of 12, 74, and 223 mg NO3-N L-1 for soil water at 1.8 m depths for the 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) treatments, respectively. Higher than needed N fertilizer applications increased the NO3-N leaching losses and reduced the N use efficiency (NUE) without yield increases. We propose that there is a need for a new scientifically based BMP approach for the NCP based on N budgets that credits soil NO3-N before planting, N mineralization from soil organic matter, and other potential N sources as a key mitigation alternative to increase NUE and reduce NO3-N leaching in this region. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Eco Environm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 10003, Peoples R China. RP Hu, CS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. EM cshu@sjziam.ac.cn RI Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014 NR 70 TC 72 Z9 91 U1 9 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.012 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 155LS UT WOS:000245579500015 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Mandrell, RE Parker, CT Li, JJ Vinogradov, E AF Gilbert, Michel Mandrell, Robert E. Parker, Craig T. Li, Jianjun Vinogradov, Evgeny TI Structural analysis of the capsular polysaccharide from Campylobacter jejuni RM1221 SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; capsular polysaccharides; gene expression; NMR spectroscopy; structure elucidation ID BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; O-ANTIGENS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; STRAINS; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEROSTRAIN; DIVERSITY; PATHOGEN; ABILITY AB The complete genome of Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1221 (Penner serotype HS:53) was reported recently and contains a novel capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis locus. Cell-surface carbohydrates such as CPS are known to be important for bacterial survival and often contribute to pathogenesis. In this study, we describe the complete structure of the CPS of C. jejuni RM1221, which was determined by using NMR spectroscopy, MS, and chemical methods. The CPS contains 6-Deoxy-D-manno-heptose and D-threo-pent-2-ulose (D-xyulose), two monosaccharides that are rarely found in bacterial polysaccharides. The CPS has a regular structure of a linear main chain of trisaccharide repeating units, composed of two alpha- and one beta-6-deoxy-D-manno-heptopyranose residues, which are linked through a phosphodiester linkage. Branching residues of xylulose are incorporated nonstoichiometrically: each trisaccharide repeating unit of the main chain bears no, one, or two xylulose residues. The xylulose glycosidic linkages are extremely acid labile, and it is not clear how they can be preserved under the acidic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, where Campylobacter resides during infection. We have also shown that the CPS biosynthesis genes of C. jejuni RM1221 are conserved in other C. jejuni strains of the Penner serotype HS;53, including serotype HS:53 reference strain RM43435. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Vinogradov, E (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM evguenii.vinogradov@nrc.ca OI Vinogradov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5364-1376 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 625 EP 631 DI 10.1002/cbic.200600508 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 159ZS UT WOS:000245907100010 PM 17335095 ER PT J AU Pollen, N AF Pollen, Natasha TI Temporal and spatial variability in root reinforcement of streambanks: Accounting for soil shear strength and moisture SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE root reinforcement; soil-root friction forces; streambank stability; soil shear strength; soil moisture ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; BANK STABILITY; TREE ROOTS; RESISTANCE; COLORADO; GEOMETRY; LENGTH; RIVERS AB Riparian vegetation exerts a number of mechanical and hydrologic controls on bank stability, which can affect the delivery of sediment to channels. Estimates of root reinforcement of soils have commonly been attained using perpendicular root models that simply sum root tensile strengths and consider these as an add-on factor to soil strength. A major limitation of such perpendicular models is that tensile strength and resistance is wrongly considered to be independent of soil type and moisture, and therefore variations according to these bank properties are omitted in conventional models. In reality, during mass failure of a streambank, some roots break, and some roots are pulled out of the soil intact; the relative proportions of roots that break or pull out are determined by a combination of soil moisture and shear strength. In this paper an equation to predict the frictional resistance of root-soil bonds was tested against field data collected at Long Creek, MS, under two soil moisture conditions. The root pullout equations were then included in the root-reinforcement model, RipRoot, and bank stability model runs for Goodwin Creek, MS, were carried out in order to examine the effects of spatial and temporal variations in soil shear strength and rooting density, on streambank factor of safety. Model results showed that at smaller root diameters breaking forces exceeded pullout forces, but at larger root diameters pullout forces exceed breaking forces. The threshold diameter between root pullout and root breaking varied with soil shear strength, with increasing soil shear strength leading to a greater proportion of roots failing by breaking instead of pullout. Root-reinforcement estimates were shown to reflect changes in soil shear strength, for example, brought about by variations in soil matric suction. Resulting Factor of safety (F-S) values for the bank during the period modeled ranged from 1.36 to 1.74 with 1000 grass roots/m(2), compared to a range of 0.97 to 1.37 for the non-vegetated bank. Root reinforcement was shown to increase bank stability under the entire range of soil moisture conditions modeled. However, the magnitude of root reinforcement varied in both space and time as determined by soil shear strength and soil moisture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Channel & Watershed Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Pollen, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Channel & Watershed Proc Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM npollen@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 121 Z9 140 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.05.004 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 149LX UT WOS:000245149500001 ER PT J AU Nettleton, WD Mays, MD AF Nettleton, W. D. Mays, M. D. TI Estimated Holocene soil carbon-soil degradation in Nevada and Western Utah, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE soil carbon degradation; Holocene; Great Basin; USA; desertification ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; FULL-GLACIAL CLIMATE; GREAT-BASIN; VEGETATION; COLD; DRY AB There is much interest in predicting future carbon-soil degradation and that occurring today. We have National Soil Survey Laboratory data to assess some of the soil carbon degradation in the Great Basin and western Utah. For this we included data on 32 Nevada and Utah soils on Pleistocene geomorphic surfaces at elevations of 973 to 3172 m. Their mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges from 20 to 55 cm and mean annual soil temperatures (MAST) from 5 to 12 degrees C. The MAP and MAST closely correlate with elevation (E) (r=0.96 and -0.97 respectively). Mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) dominates vegetation at the higher, colder elevations. Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young) and juniper (Juniperus L.) dominate at intermediate elevations. Little sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula Nutt.) and related desert species dominate at the lower, warmer elevations. We used acid dichromate digestion and FeSO4 titration to analyze for soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density and coarse fragments in the soils to put the data on a volume basis. The soils are well drained and uncultivated. Accumulation of organic carbon in each pedon (OCp) is correlated to MAP and MAST (r=0.81, and -0.78 respectively). We predicted OCp from the relationship, OCp = -0.942 + 2.546*root(MAP/MAST), r(2)=0.64, S.E.=1.30, n=32. The soil OC degradation that may have occurred through the Holocene ranges from 35% at sites of the present Aridisols and Vertisols to 22% for the sites of the Mollisols and Alfisols. Eq. (1) shows that today, MAST rises of 1 to 3 degrees C would produce further OCp degradation from today's levels of 1% to 13% in Aridisols and Vertisols and 12% to 25% in the Mollisols and Alfisols respectively. It also shows that if the MAST drop of 6 degrees C predicted for the Pleistocene occurred, many of the Aridisols and Vertisols likely would have been Mollisols or Alfisols during the Pleistocene. A temperature rise of 1 degrees C in a century would likely move the Mollisol-Aridisol boundary from its present 2300 m elevation to an elevation of about 2900 m. A temperature rise of 3 degrees C in a century would likely move the Mollisol-Aridisol boundary from its present 2300 m elevation to elevations of the highest elevations in Nevada and to the middle of Idaho. Increasing the temperature by 3 degrees C will likely also increase the area affected by severe desertification in the southern Great Basin north by about 20%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Nettleton, WD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM dnettleton@inebraska.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.05.008 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 149LX UT WOS:000245149500003 ER PT J AU Salant, NL Renshaw, CE Magilligan, FJ Kaste, JM Nislow, KH Heimsath, AM AF Salant, Nira L. Renshaw, Carl E. Magilligan, Francis J. Kaste, James M. Nislow, Keith H. Heimsath, Arjun M. TI The use of short-lived radionuclides to quantify transitional bed material transport in a regulated river SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE beryllium-7; dams; flow regulation; sand; sediment transport ID TOTAL PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; FINE SEDIMENT; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TRAVEL DISTANCE; LOAD TRANSPORT; AMORPHOUS SIO2; PARTICLE-SIZE; BE-7; SORPTION AB We investigate the use of the short-lived fallout radionuclide beryllium-7 ((7)Be; t(1/2) = 53.4 days) as a tracer of medium and coarse sand (0.25-2 mm), which transitions between transport in suspension and as bed load, and evaluate the effects of impoundment on seasonal and spatial variations in bed sedimentation. We measure (7)Be activities in approximately monthly samples from point bar and streambed sediments in one unregulated and one regulated stream. In the regulated stream our sampling spanned an array of flow and management conditions during the annual transition from flood control in the winter and early spring to run-of-the-river operation from late spring: to autumn. Sediment stored behind the dam during the winter quickly became depleted in (7)Be activity. This resulted in a pulse of 'dead' sediment released when the dam gates were opened in the spring which could be tracked as it moved downstream. Measured average sediment transport velocities (30-80 metres per day (m d(-1))) exceed those typically reported for bulk bed load transport and are remarkably constant across varied flow regimes, possibly due to corresponding changes in bed sand fraction. Results also show that the length scale of the downstream impact of dam management on sediment transport is short (c. 1 km); beyond this distance the sediment trapped by the dam is replaced by new sediment from tributaries and other downstream sources. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T Z2, Canada. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA, USFS, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Salant, NL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 217-1984 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T Z2, Canada. EM nira.salant@alum.dartmouth.org NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 509 EP 524 DI 10.1002/esp.1414 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158PC UT WOS:000245802400002 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Feng, G Wendling, L AF Sharratt, B. Feng, G. Wendling, L. TI Loss of soil and PM10 from agricultural fields associated with high winds on the Columbia Plateau SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; PM10; windblown dust; air quality; Columbia Plateau ID DUST; EROSION; SAMPLERS; AREAS AB Winter wheat-summer fallow is the conventional cropping system employed on > 1.5 million ha within the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington and northern Oregon. Wind erosion contributes to poor air quality in the region, yet little is known concerning the magnitude of soil and PM10 (particulate matter of <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) loss from agricultural lands. Therefore, loss of soil and PM10 was assessed from a silt loam in eastern Washington during 2003 and 2004. Field sites were maintained in fallow using conventional tillage practices in 2003 (9 ha field) and 2004 (16 ha field) and instrumented to assess horizontal soil flux and PM10 concentrations at the windward and leeward positions in the field during high-wind events. Soil flux was measured using creep and airborne sediment collectors while PM10 concentrations were measured using high-volume PM10 samplers. Aggregate size distribution of parent soil and eroded sediment was characterized by rotary and sonic sieving. Six high-wind events occurred over the two year period, with soil loss ranging from 43 kg ha(-1) for the 12-22 September 2003 event to 2320 kg ha(-1) for the 27-29 October 2003 event. Suspension-sized particulates (< 100 mu m in diameter) comprised >= 90 per cent of the eroded sediment, indicating that direct suspension may be an important process by which the silt loam eroded. The corresponding loss of PM10 for these two events ranged from 5 to 210 kg ha(-1). Loss of PM10 comprised 9-12 per cent of the total soil loss for the six events. This study suggests that the relatively small loss of PM10 from eroding agricultural fields maintained in summer fallow can affect air quality in the Columbia Plateau. Therefore, alternative tillage practices or cropping systems are needed for minimizing PM10 emissions and improving air quality in the region. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Sharratt@wsu.edu RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 621 EP 630 DI 10.1002/esp.1425 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158PC UT WOS:000245802400010 ER PT J AU Green, TR Salas, JD Martinez, A Erskine, RH AF Green, Timothy R. Salas, Jose D. Martinez, Ana Erskine, Robert H. TI Relating crop yield to topographic attributes using Spatial Analysis Neural Networks and regression SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE topography; crops; soils; regression analysis; spatial data ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; PREDICTION; CORN; CLASSIFICATION; CONDUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; SYSTEMS; MODEL; FIELD AB Land-surface topographic attributes can be useful for estimating stable spatial patterns of crop yield caused by spatial variability in soils and water availability. We present spatial analyses of grain yield for three fields of dryland winter wheat in northeastern Colorado using topographic attributes as explanatory variables. Topographic attributes including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, specific contributing area, and wetness index were computed from a 10-m digital elevation model. A Spatial Analysis Neural Network (SANN) algorithm was used for joint spatial interpolation and yield prediction from the topographic attributes. SANN prediction errors were compared with the results of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). SANN and MLR were assessed in terms of bias and relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) using validation data. SANN out-performed MLR in multivariate estimation, but not for the univariate cases. The greatest advantage of SANN was seen using four or more topographic attributes, whereas MLR showed diminishing efficiency with more than three explanatory variables. Prediction/interpolation errors within a given field were reduced substantially by using the spatial coordinates (latitude and longitude) in tandem with topographic attributes. The rRMSE value reached a minimum of 0.44 (model efficiency, E=0.80) for interpolation with SANN on the West field. Using only topographic attributes as input, the minimum rRMSE values were 0.59 (E=0.65) for SANN with 5 variables and 0.72 (E=0.48) for MLR with 4 or 5 explanatory variables. Thus, this study demonstrated the utility of SANN with topographic attributes that contain implicit soil and water information for estimating spatial patterns of dryland crop yield. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Tim.Green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.12.004 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 162IO UT WOS:000246080600003 ER PT J AU Spigel, KM Robichaud, PR AF Spigel, Kevin M. Robichaud, Peter R. TI First-year post-fire erosion rates in Bitterroot National Forest, Montana SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope erosion; forest fire; silt fences; WEPP; rainfall intensity; water repellency; site productivity ID WATER REPELLENCY; FIRE; SOIL AB Accelerated runoff and erosion commonly occur following forest fires due to combustion of protective forest floor material, which results in bare soil being exposed to overland flow and raindrop impact, as well as water repellent soil conditions. After the 2000 Valley Complex Fires in the Bitterroot National Forest of west-central Montana, four sets of six hillslope plots were established to measure first-year post-wildfire erosion rates on steep slopes (greater than 50%) that had burned with high severity. Silt fences were installed at the base of each plot to trap eroded sediment from a contributing area of 100 m(2). Rain gauges were installed to correlate rain event characteristics to the event sediment yield. After each sediment-producing rain event, the collected sediment was removed from the silt fence and weighed on site, and a sub-sample taken to determine dry weight, particle size distribution, organic matter content, and nutrient content of the eroded material. Rainfall intensity was the only significant factor in determining post-fire erosion rates from individual storm events. Short duration, high intensity thunderstorms with a maximum 10-min rainfall intensity of 75 mm h(-1) caused the highest erosion rates (greater than 20 t ha(-1)). Long duration, low intensity rains produced little erosion (less than 0.01 t ha(-1)). Total C and N in the collected sediment varied directly with the organic matter; because the collected sediment was mostly mineral soil, the C and N content was small. Minimal amounts of Mg, Ca, and K were detected in the eroded sediments. The mean annual erosion rate predicted by Disturbed WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) was 15% less than the mean annual erosion rate measured, which is within the accuracy range of the model. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 8 BP 998 EP 1005 DI 10.1002/hyp.6295 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 157YI UT WOS:000245757100002 ER PT J AU Hurkman, WJ Tanaka, CK AF Hurkman, William J. Tanaka, Charlene K. TI Extraction of wheat endosperm proteins for proteome analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 2-DE; albumins; amyloplasts; endosperm; gliadins; globulins; glutenins; proteome; wheat ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC PROTEINS; HEAT-RESPONSIVE PROTEINS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; AMPHIPHILIC PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; GRAIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Total protein extracts of wheat endosperm are widely used for the analysis of the highly abundant gliadins and glutenins. In this review, the most popular total endosperm extraction methods are compared for their effectiveness in proteome coverage. A drawback of total endosperm extracts is that the enormous dynamic range of protein abundance limits the detection, quantification, and identification of low abundance proteins. Protein fractionation is invaluable for improving proteome coverage, because it reduces sample complexity while enriching for specific classes of less abundant proteins. A wide array of techniques is available for isolating protein subpopulations. Sequential extraction is a method particularly suited for subfractionation of wheat endosperm proteins, because it takes advantage of the specific solubility properties of the different classes of endosperm proteins. This method effectively separates the highly abundant gliadins and glutenins from the much less abundant albumins and globulins. Subcellular fractionation of tissue homogenates is a classical technique for isolating membranes and organelles for functional analysis. This approach is suitable for defining the biochemical processes associated with amyloplasts, specialized organelles in the endosperm that function in the synthesis and storage of starch. Subproteome fractionation, when combined with 2-DE and protein identification, provides a powerful approach for defining endosperm protein composition and providing new insights into cellular functions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hurkman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bhurkman@pw.usda.gov NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 849 IS 1-2 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.047 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 164JE UT WOS:000246229100033 PM 17161663 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Palowsky, R Reed, DR AF Ziska, Lewis H. Palowsky, Robert Reed, Danielle R. TI A quantitative and qualitative assessment of mung bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Wilczek) seed in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: potential changes in fatty acid composition SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CO2; fatty acids; mung bean; omega-3; omega-6 ID FIELD-GROWN STRAWBERRIES; CO2; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS AB The effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on seed production and the fatty acid profiles of mung bean (Vigna mungo L. Wilczek) were studied under field conditions. Increased [CO2] (ca 250 ppm above ambient) resulted in significant increases in pod number, pod weight and total seed weight, but also significantly increased the percentage of immature pods at harvest. Qualitatively, increased [CO2] significantly decreased the percentages of palmitic and omega-6 fatty acids, but increased the percentage of omega-3 fatty acids and the relative proportion of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in mature seed. Overall, increased carbon dioxide may significantly increase quantity and alter quality in mung bean seed, a recognized alternative source of fatty acids in the human diet. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Lab Metab Control, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 1,Room 323,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 5 BP 920 EP 923 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2818 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 154VT UT WOS:000245536600023 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Buckley, BM Katz, B Wright, W Bailey, R Smith, KT Li, JB Curtis, A van Geen, A AF Cheng, Zhongqi Buckley, Brendan M. Katz, Beth Wright, William Bailey, Richard Smith, Kevin T. Li, Jingbo Curtis, Ashley van Geen, Alexander TI Arsenic in tree rings at a highly contaminated site SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE arsenic; tree ring; radial profile; dendrochemistry ID PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE SYSTEM; HOLCUS-LANATUS L; TOLERANCE; LAKE; HEARTWOOD; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; SPRUCE; SOILS AB Arsenic concentrations were measured in annual rings, pith, bark, and leaves of five tree species (four genera) from a site highly contaminated with As in Vineland, New Jersey, and two nearby uncontaminated areas. The highest As concentrations were found in bark (0.68 +/- 0.89 mg/kg, n = 16) and leaves (1.9 +/- 1.8 mg/kg, n = 4) from the contaminated area. Tree-ring As levels from the contaminated area (0.28 +/- 0.15 mg/kg, n = 32) were low but still considerably higher than those from the control areas (0.06 +/- 0.06 mg/kg, n = 30). There is a generally positive relationship between soil and tree-ring As levels. The overall low uptake of As by trees contrasts with that of P, a chemical analog for As(V) in aerated soils. Much higher P concentration in sapwood than in heartwood indicates that P is exported into more recently formed wood during the conversion from sapwood to heartwood; this again is drastically different than the behavior of As which is present in sapwood and heartwood at comparable levels. Variable sapwood As concentrations observed in detailed radial profiles of tree-ring chemistry of a pine and an oak from the contaminated site suggest that As is most likely transported among multiple rings within the sapwood. Therefore, tree species for which sapwood is thin (e.g., oak as in this study) should be preferred for reconstructing the history of contamination of a site. Due to the possibility of lateral translocation between growth rings, further studies are necessary to understand within-tree As transport and storage before dendrochemistry can be confidently accepted for such applications. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New Core Lab 206, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Sevensons Environm Serv, Vineland, NJ 08360 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New Core Lab 206, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM czhongqi@ldeo.columbia.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES10349] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 376 IS 1-3 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.074 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 158FH UT WOS:000245776400029 PM 17306861 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL AF Kim, J. G. Vallet, J. L. TI Placental expression of the membrane form of folate binding protein during pregnancy in swine SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE folate; placenta; pregnancy; swine; in situ hybridization ID ENDOMETRIUM; PIG AB Previous experiments indicated that secreted (s) and membrane (m) forms of folate binding protein (FBP) are present in the intrauterine environment of the pig. Our previous studies indicated that the two forms were produced sequentially; the secreted form was present in the intrauterine glands until Day 20 of gestation, whereas binding analysis indicated that folate binding increased dramatically in placental membranes until Day 50 of gestation. However, the cell types expressing mFBP have not been investigated. In this experiment, uterine wall sections from Day 20, 35, 50, 70, 90, and 105 of gestation were collected at slaughter and fixed, and subjected to in situ hybridization analysis for mFBP expression. The mFBP mRNA was expressed by both columnar and cuboidal epithelia of the placental folds and expression appeared to be similar throughout gestation. Therefore, the placenta expressed mFBP from Day 35 of gestation onward, consistent with the concept that sFBP and mFBP occur sequentially during gestation in swine, and that placental mFBP expression plays a role in folate transport after a functional chorioallantoic placenta is established (between Day 20 and 35). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jeff.Vallet@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.01.016 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 158ZP UT WOS:000245835000011 PM 17353044 ER PT J AU Wang, D Sun, G Chiou, BS AF Wang, Dong Sun, Gang Chiou, Bor-Sen TI A high-throughput, controllable, and environmentally benign fabrication process of thermoplastic nanofibers SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE extrusion; immiscible blends; nanocomposites; nanofibers; thermoplastics ID POLYMER NANOFIBERS; MEMBRANES; SENSORS; FIBERS; MELTS AB Continuous and uniform yarns of thermoplastic nanofibers were prepared via direct melt extrusion of immiscible blends of thermoplastic polymers with CAB and subsequent extraction removal of CAB. Ratios of thermoplastic/sacrificial polymers, melt viscosity, and interfacial tensions affect the formation of nanofibers. Dominating sacrificing polymer content in the blends and low interfacial tensions between thermoplastic polymer and CAB are two key factors. This lity of thermoplastics, controllability, and environment friendliness in manufacturing thermoplastic nanofibers. fabrication process possesses features of high productivity, versati- C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, WRRC, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu NR 18 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 292 IS 4 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1002/mame.200600460 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 159IP UT WOS:000245859300003 ER PT J AU Toro, H Tang, DCC Suarez, DL Sylte, MJ Pfeiffer, J Van Kampen, KR AF Toro, Haroldo Tang, De-chu C. Suarez, David L. Sylte, Matt J. Pfeiffer, Jennifer Van Kampen, Kent R. TI Protective avian influenza in ovo vaccination with non-replicating human adenovirus vector SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; in ovo vaccination; RCA-free adenovirus vector; DIVA ID HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; VACCINES; CHICKENS; H5; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HERPESVIRUS; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Protective immunity against avian influenza virus was elicited in chickens by single-dose in ovo vaccination with a non-replicating human adenovirus vector encoding an H5N9 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin. Vaccinated chickens were protected against both H5N1 (89% hemagglutinin homology; 68% protection) and H5N2 (94% hemagglutinin homology; 100% protection) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenges. This vaccine can be mass-administered using available robotic in ovo injectors which provide a major advantage over current vaccination regimens. In addition, this class of adenovirus-vectored vaccines can be produced rapidly with improved safety since they do not contain any replication-competent adenoviruses. Furthermore, this mode of vaccination is compatible with epidemiological surveys of natural avian influenza virus infections. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vaxin Inc, Birmingham, AL 35211 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Van Kampen, KR (reprint author), Vaxin Inc, Birmingham, AL 35211 USA. EM vankampen@vaxin.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-R43-AI-068285-01, R43 AI068285, R43 AI068285-01] NR 27 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2886 EP 2891 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.047 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 158WL UT WOS:000245825800018 PM 17055126 ER PT J AU Till, BJ Cooper, J Tai, TH Colowit, P Greene, EA Henikoff, S Comai, L AF Till, Bradley J. Cooper, Jennifer Tai, Thomas H. Colowit, Peter Greene, Elizabeth A. Henikoff, Steven Comai, Luca TI Discovery of chemically induced mutations in rice by TILLING SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; REVERSE GENETICS; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; DRAFT SEQUENCE; ARABIDOPSIS; EFFICIENT; SINGLE AB Background: Rice is both a food source for a majority of the world's population and an important model system. Available functional genomics resources include targeted insertion mutagenesis and transgenic tools. While these can be powerful, a non- transgenic, unbiased targeted mutagenesis method that can generate a range of allele types would add considerably to the analysis of the rice genome. TILLING ( Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes), a general reverse genetic technique that combines traditional mutagenesis with high throughput methods for mutation discovery, is such a method. Results: To apply TILLING to rice, we developed two mutagenized rice populations. One population was developed by treatment with the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate ( EMS), and the other with a combination of sodium azide plus methyl- nitrosourea (Az- MNU). To find induced mutations, target regions of 0.7 - 1.5 kilobases were PCR amplified using gene specific primers labeled with fluorescent dyes. Heteroduplexes were formed through denaturation and annealing of PCR products, mismatches digested with a crude preparation of CEL I nuclease and cleaved fragments visualized using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In 10 target genes screened, we identified 27 nucleotide changes in the EMS- treated population and 30 in the AzMNU population. Conclusion: We estimate that the density of induced mutations is two- to threefold higher than previously reported rice populations ( about 1/300 kb). By comparison to other plants used in public TILLING services, we conclude that the populations described here would be suitable for use in a large scale TILLING project. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Comai, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 355325, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM btill@fhcrc.org; jlcooper@fhcrc.org; ttai@ucdavis.edu; pmcolowit@ucdavis.edu; eagreene@fhcrc.org; steveh@fhcrc.org; lcomai@ucdavis.edu RI Comai, Luca/F-4279-2010 OI Comai, Luca/0000-0003-2642-6619 NR 44 TC 167 Z9 192 U1 10 U2 48 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-19 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 166NL UT WOS:000246385600001 PM 17428339 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Liu, S Zhou, GS Zhou, GY Tieszen, LL Baldocchi, D Bernhofer, C Gholz, H Goldstein, AH Goulden, ML Hollinger, DY Hu, Y Law, BE Stoy, PC Vesala, T Wofsy, SC AF Yuan, Wenping Liu, Shuguang Zhou, Guangsheng Zhou, Guoyi Tieszen, Larry L. Baldocchi, Dennis Bernhofer, Christian Gholz, Henry Goldstein, Allen H. Goulden, Michael L. Hollinger, David Y. Hu, Yueming Law, Beverly E. Stoy, Paul C. Vesala, Tirno Wofsy, Steven C. CA AmeriFlux Collaborators TI Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gross primary production; light use efficiency; eddy covariance; EC-LUE model; evaporative fraction; NDVI ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE AB The quantitative simulation of gross primary production (GPP) at various spatial and temporal scales has been a major challenge in quantifying the global carbon cycle. We developed a light use efficiency (LUE) daily GPP model from eddy covariance (EC) measurements. The model, called EC-LUE, is driven by only four variables: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, and the Bowen ratio of sensible to latent heat flux (used to calculate moisture stress). The EC-LUE model relies on two assumptions: First, that the fraction of absorbed PAR (MAR) is a linear function of NDVI; Second, that the realized light use efficiency, calculated from a biome-independent invariant potential LUE, is controlled by air temperature or soil moisture, whichever is most limiting. The EC-LUE model was calibrated and validated using 24,349 daily GPP estimates derived from 28 eddy covariance flux towers from the AmeriFlux and EuroFlux networks, covering a variety of forests, grasslands and savannas. The model explained 85% and 77% of the observed variations of daily GPP for all the calibration and validation sites, respectively. A comparison with GPP calculated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicated that the EC-LUE model predicted GPP that better matched tower data across these sites. The realized LUE was predominantly controlled by moisture conditions throughout the growing season, and controlled by temperature only at the beginning and end of the growing season. The EC-LUE model is an alternative approach that makes it possible to map daily GPP over large areas because (1) the potential LUE is invariant across various land cover types and (2) all driving forces of the model can be derived from remote sensing data or existing climate observation networks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Quantitat Vegetat Ecol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Long Term Ecol Res Program, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USDA, Forest Serv NE, Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. S China Agr Univ, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov; gszhou@ibcas.ac.cn RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 91 TC 188 Z9 218 U1 13 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.001 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158KE UT WOS:000245789600003 ER PT J AU Zhou, XH Brandle, JR Schoeneberger, MM Awada, T AF Zhou, Xinhua Brandle, James R. Schoeneberger, Michele M. Awada, Tala TI Developing above-ground woody biomass equations for open-grown, multiple-stemmed tree species: Shelterbelt-grown Russian-olive SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; biomass model; carbon; Elaeagnus angustifolia; windbreak; shelterbelt ID GREAT-PLAINS AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Multiple-stemmed tree species are often used in agricultural settings, playing a significant role in natural resource conservation and carbon sequestration. Biomass estimation, whether for modeling growth under different climate scenarios, accounting for carbon sequestered, or inclusion in natural resource inventories, requires equations that can accurately describe biomass in these species. Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a common tree species used in Great Plains shelterbelts and has a growth form typical to open-grown, multiple-stemmed tree species. Using shelterbelt-grown Russian-olive, we present a procedure of choosing predictors, formulating models, and determining equations by optimizing the accuracy in above-ground woody biomass estimates associated with labor costs for open-grown, multiple-stemmed tree species. Trunk (a primary stem) diameter at breast height and/or tree height were satisfactory for trunk biomass prediction but insufficient for determining branch (secondary stems and limbs) biomass, a major component of biomass in these trees. Incorporating the diameters of the three largest stems into the branch biomass equations improved the prediction satisfactorily. Two sets of equations, each of which includes two equations for trunk and branches, respectively, are presented. one set has the cost-saving-preferred (CSP) equations having lower precision but only requiring easily measured DBH variables of trunk and stems. The other set has the precision-preferred (PP) equations that have better precision but at the added cost required for taking an additional measurement of height and the inconvenient measurements of stem diameters at branch bark ridge. Both sets of equations were used to estimate the biomass of the same representative shelterbelts. The results indicated that the PP equations consistently gave better precision for trunk, branches, and whole tree than the CSP equations, but reduced the relative error in whole-tree biomass estimates by only 0.8-1.2%. Ultimately, the decision to use the CSP or the PP equations will depend on the desired precision level and/or available budget. The procedure we have presented, along with the chosen predictors and formulated models, provides a reference for estimating above-ground woody biomass of other open-grown, multiple-stemmed tree species in agricultural settings. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zhou, XH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM xzhou2@unl.edu; jbrandle1@unl.edu; mschoeneberger@fs.fed.us; tawada2@unl.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.10.024 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154OM UT WOS:000245517000006 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Cortes-Vecino, JA Vargas-Duarte, JJ Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LM Polo, LJ Zambrano, L Mora, LE Kwok, OCH Smith, T Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Cortes-Vecino, J. A. Vargas-Duarte, J. J. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. M. Polo, L. J. Zambrano, L. Mora, L. E. Kwok, O. C. H. Smith, T. Su, C. TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Colombia, South America and genetic characterization of T-gondii isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; dogs; Colombia; south America; bioassays; antibodies; genotype ID MULTILOCUS PCR-RFLP; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; STRAINS; BRAZIL; OOCYSTS; CATS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 309 unwanted dogs from Bogota, Colombia, South America was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 52 (16.8%) of 309 dogs with titers of 1:20 in 20, 1:40 in six, 1:80 in 17, 1:160 in three, 1:320 in three, 1: 1280 or higher in three. Some organs obtained after necropsy of dogs (hearts, tongues and brains, either separately or pooled) were used in bioassays carried out in mice (37 samples, of which 20 were assayed with separate organs and 17 were assayed with pooled organs), cats (pooled organs from six) and pooled organs of two dogs both in mice and cat. Mice receiving dog tissues were examined for T gondii infection. Feces of cats that received dog tissues were examined for oocyst shedding. In total, T gondii was isolated from tissues of 20 dogs (16 by bioassays in mice, 3 by bioassay in cats and I by bioassay in mice and cat). All infected mice from 7 of 17 isolates bioassayed in this host died of toxoplasmosis during primary infection. Only 10 of the 20 dogs whose tissues were bioassayed separately induced infections in mice. Interestingly, dog organs varied in their capacity to induce T gondii infection in mice, hearts and tongues producing more positive results than the brain. The 20 T. gondii isolates obtained from seropositive dogs were PCR-RFLP genotyped using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG], SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2 and an apicoplast marker Apico. Ten genotypes were revealed. These genotypes are different from the three predominant Types 1, 11 and III lineages that are widely spread in North America and Europe. A new allele denoted u-3 at PK1 locus was identified in three isolates. This result supports previous findings that T gondii population is highly diverse in Colombia. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 20 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.001 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800008 PM 17257761 ER PT J AU Wapenaar, W Barkema, HW Schares, G Rouvinen-Watt, K Zeijlemaker, L Poorter, B O'Handley, RM Kwok, OCH Dubey, JP AF Wapenaar, W. Barkema, H. W. Schares, G. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Zeijlemaker, L. Poorter, B. O'Handley, R. M. Kwok, O. C. H. Dubey, J. P. TI Evaluation of four serological techniques to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (Canis latrans) on Prince Edward Island, Canada SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fox; coyote; Neospora caninum; serology; IFAT; ELISA; immunoblot; Neospora agglutination test ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; CATTLE; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; DOGS; SERODIAGNOSIS AB The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the performance and agreement of serological assays (ELISA, IFAT, Neospora caninum agglutination test and immunoblot) using reference sera and field sera from foxes and coyotes and (2) to estimate the N. caninum seroprevalence in foxes and coyotes on Prince Edward Island, Canada. With fox and coyote reference sera the test performance of the ELISA, IFAT and IB was excellent (100% sensitivity and specificity). NAT showed a low sensitivity (50%). Serum was collected from 201 coyotes and 271 foxes. The seroprevalence observed in the different assays ranged from 0.5 to 14.0% in coyotes and 1.1 to 34.8% in foxes. The seroprevalence, when taking more than one test positive as cut-off value was 3.3 and 1.1% for coyotes and foxes, respectively. From the N. caninum-positive group, all coyotes were older than 3 years. Agreement among assays (measured as prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa) using the field sera ranged from 0.17 to 0.97. Best agreement was observed between ELISA and IFAT, poor agreement was observed between NAT and the other assays. Positive agreement was moderate to poor among all assays utilized in this study. Although the seroprevalence observed was low, N. caninum antibodies are present in foxes and coyotes on Prince Edward Island (PEI) and their role in the N. caninum epidemiology needs further study. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A PE1, Canada. Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wapenaar, W (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A PE1, Canada. EM wwapenaar@gmail.com RI Barkema, Herman/B-9583-2008; Wapenaar, Wendela/G-4172-2011; OI Barkema, Herman/0000-0002-9678-8378; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.002 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800009 PM 17223270 ER PT J AU Li, RW Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Local inflammation as a possible mechanism of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in Angus heifers SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; nematodes; gene expression; cytokines; chemokines; resistance ID TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; OSTERTAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; DELAYED EXPULSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR WSX-1; TH1 RESPONSES; INFECTION; CELLS AB Understanding mechanisms of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes is important in developing effective and sustainable control programs. A resource population of Angus cattle consisting of approximately 600 animals with complete pedigree records has been developed. The majority of these animals were completely characterized for their resistance to natural challenge by gastrointestinal nematodes. As the first step towards understanding the molecular basis of disease resistance, we investigated expression profiles of 17 cytokines, cytokine receptors, and chemokines using real-time RT-PCR in animals demonstrating resistance or susceptibility to pasture challenge. The animals exposed to natural infection for approximately 6 months were treated to remove existing parasites and then experimentally challenged with both Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. The mRNA expression profiles of these genes in abomasal and mesenteric lymph nodes (ALN, MLN), fundic and pyloric abomasa (FA, PA), and small intestine (SI) were compared between resistant and susceptible animals. Resistant heifers exhibited elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and MIP-1 alpha in fundic and pyloric abomasa 7 days post infection. Expression levels of IL-10, polymeric immunoglobullin receptor gene (PIGR), and WSX-1 were also 2.7-19.9-folds higher in resistant than susceptible heifers in these tissues. No difference in expression of CXCL6, CXCL10, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 p40, IL-13, IL-15 and IL-18 was observed between the two groups. The expression of MIP-1 alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 was also elevated in small intestines in resistant animals. In contrast, little difference in expression of these genes was detected between resistant and susceptible groups in the draining lymph nodes. These data indicate that resistant animals can better maintain inflammatory responses at the site of infection, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rli@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.11.015 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800016 PM 17182188 ER PT J AU Anderson, T DeJardin, A Howe, DK Dubey, JP Michalski, ML AF Anderson, Todd DeJardin, Amanda Howe, Daniel K. Dubey, J. P. Michalski, Michelle L. TI Neospora caninum antibodies detected in Midwestern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by Western blot and ELISA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus); seropositivity; western blot; ELISA; Missouri; Wisconsin ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ANTIGENS AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serve to maintain the Neospora caninum life cycle in the wild. Sera from white-tailed deer from south central Wisconsin and southeastern Missouri, USA were tested for antibodies to N. caninum by Western blot analyses and two indirect ELISAs. Seroreactivity against N. caninum surface antigens was observed in 30 of 147 (20%) of WI deer and I I of 23 (48%) of MO deer using Western blot analysis. Compared to Western blot, the two indirect ELISAs were found to be uninformative due to degradation of the field-collected samples. The results indicate the existence of N. caninum antibodies in MO and WI deer, and that Western blot is superior to ELISA for serologic testing when using degraded blood samples collected from deer carcasses. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Michalski, ML (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM michalsk@uwosh.edu NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.11.012 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800024 PM 17194547 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Bendele, KG Davey, RB George, JE AF Guerrero, F. D. Bendele, K. G. Davey, R. B. George, J. E. TI Detection of Babesia bigemina infection in strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from outbreaks in South Texas SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; Babesia; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus); tick; babesiosis ID CATTLE; BOVIS; PCR; PATHOGENS; LIVESTOCK; DNA AB The sudden death of several cattle infested experimentally with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus led to a clinical investigation into the reasons for the unexpected mortality. Microscopic evidence for Babesia bigemina infection was found in blood smears from the affected animals and a PCR assay was designed to detect the presence of B. bigemina and Babesia bovis in all R. microplus strains received and propagated at the laboratory. The assay utilizes a nested PCR approach with the first PCR amplifying a well-conserved segment from the Babesia 18S ribosomal RNA gene followed by a nested PCR with Babesia species-specific primers and annealing temperatures enabling amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragment specific to either B. bigemina or B. bovis. DNA from groups of 50 larvae was extracted using a rapid DNA preparation protocol, which consisted of grinding the frozen tick larvae in PCR buffer and boiling the mixture for 5 min. The assay sensitivity allowed for the detection of the equivalent of a single infected tick larva. R. microplus eggs were also analyzed, but yolk protein viscosity created inconsistent results with the crush and boil DNA isolation protocol, necessitating the use of a more extensive proteinase K digestion-based DNA purification method. We detected the presence of B. bigemina in all strains of R. microplus currently reared at the laboratory and 4 of 26 strains collected from infestation outbreaks in Texas by the U.S. Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS Knipling Bushland, US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS Knipling Bushland, US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.11.014 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800025 PM 17178440 ER PT J AU Untalan, PM Pruett, JH Steelman, CD AF Untalan, Pia M. Pruett, John H. Steelman, C. Dayton TI Association of the bovine leukocyte antigen major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3*4401 allele with host resistance to the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; tick; bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) complex; resistance; susceptibility; DRB3 ID BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BOLA-DRB3 GENE; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICROSATELLITES; INFESTATION; SEQUENCE; IMMUNITY; CROSSES AB The MHC of cattle, known as the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) complex, plays an integral role in disease and parasite susceptibility, and immune responsiveness of the host. While susceptibility to tick infestation in cattle is believed to be heritable, genes that may be responsible for the manifestation of this phenotype remain elusive. In an effort to analyze the role that genes within the BoLA complex may play in host resistance to ticks, we have evaluated components of this system within a herd of cattle established at our laboratory that has been phenotyped for ectoparasite susceptibility. Of three microsatellite loci within the BoLA complex analyzed, alleles of two microsatellite loci within the BoLA class IIa cluster (DRB1-118 and DRB3-174) associated with the tick-resistant phenotype, prompting further investigation of gene sequences within the DRB3 region. DRB3 is a class IIa gene, the second exon of which is highly polymorphic since it encodes the antigen recognition site of the DR class II molecule. Analysis of the second exon of the DRB3 gene from the phenotyped calves in our herd revealed a significant association between the DRB3*4401 allele and the tick-resistant phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a putative association between a class IIa DRB3 sequence and host resistance to the Lone Star tick. Elucidation of the mechanism involved in tick resistance will contribute to improving breeding schemes for parasite resistance, which will be beneficial to the cattle industry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Untalan, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling US Livestock Insect Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM pia.untalan@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.003 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157HP UT WOS:000245709800032 PM 17208379 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Neal, JJ Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, Omprakash Neal, Jonathan J. Shukle, Richard H. TI Tissue and life stage specificity of glutathione S-transferase expression in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor: Implications for resistance to host allelochemicals SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; allelochemicals; mRNA; MdesGST-1; MdesGST-2; MdesGST-3 ID HOUSEFLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MANDUCA-SEXTA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; GENE FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION AB Two new Delta and Sigma glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were characterized and transcription profiles described. The deduced amino acid sequences for the two M. destructor Delta GSTs (MdesGST-1 and MdesGST-3) showed high similarity with other insect Delta GSTs including the conserved catalytic serine residue. The deduced amino acid sequence for the M. destructor Sigma GST (MdesGST-2) showed high similarity with other insect Sigma GSTs including the conserved glutathione and substrate binding sites. Quantitative tissue expression analysis showed that mRNA levels for MdesGST-1 were predominant in fat body, whereas for MdesGST-2 and MdesGST-3 expression was predominant in the midgut. Temporal expression during development showed peak mRNA levels for MdesGST-1 during larval development, but in the pupal stage for MdesGST-2. MdesGST-3 showed a constitutive expression pattern throughout development. M. destructor feeds on wheat, and expression analysis after feeding indicated that mRNA levels for MdesGST-1 were significantly higher in incompatible interactions in which larvae fed on resistant wheat, while MdesGST-3 was significantly higher in compatible interactions when larvae fed on susceptible wheat. MdesGST-2 showed an equivalent expression pattern during both interactions. These results suggest that the M. destructor Delta GSTs are important in detoxifying wheat allelochemicals during feeding, while Sigma GST participates in metabolism of endogenous substrates. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mittapalli, O (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM omittapalli@ice.mpg.de; jneal@purdue.edu; shukle@purdue.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 20 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156WJ UT WOS:000245680300002 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Notes on South American Dasyomma, with the description of a remarkable new species from Chile (Diptera : Athericidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Athericidae; Dasyomma; new species; Chile; Bolivia AB A new species of Dasyomma Macquart, D. chrysopilum sp. nov., is described from Chile (Malleco and Nuble Provinces). This species differs from all other known species in having dense golden pilosity on the abdominal tergites of both sexes. Dasyomma basale Malloch is redescribed, with the female described for the first time. C1 USDA, Smithsonian Institut, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Institut, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB 168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 9 PY 2007 IS 1443 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 154MG UT WOS:000245511000003 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB AF Srygley, Robert B. TI Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE locomotor mimicry; insect flight; mimetic behaviour; mutualism; bird vision; Mullerian mimicry ID HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES; WARNING SIGNALS; VISUAL NEURONS; MIMICRY; PERCEPTION; FLIGHT; MORPHOLOGY; MODELS; COSTS AB Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato, respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context - strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM bob.srygley@zoo.ox.ac.uk NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1612 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0261 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 138PV UT WOS:000244375600002 PM 17264060 ER PT J AU Barrero, M Small, BC D'Abramo, LR Hanson, LA Kelly, AM AF Barrero, Marmela Small, Brian C. D'Abramo, Louis R. Hanson, Larry A. Kelly, Anita M. TI Comparison of estradiol, testosterone, vitellogenin and cathepsin profiles among young adult channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) females from four selectively bred strains SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE catfish; estradiol; testosterone; vitellogenin; cathepsin; reproduction ID OVARIAN-FOLLICLE GROWTH; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SPARUS-AURATA; EXPRESSION; MATURATION; PLASMA; SEABREAM; STEROIDS; ENZYMES; BLOOD AB Potential variation in reproductive performance as young broodfish among four selectively bred strains of channel catfish was evaluated by comparing profiles of plasma estradiol, testosterone, and vitellogenin, and activities of cathepsin D, L, and B in follicle-enclosed oocytes during vitellogenesis in 2- to 3-yr-old females. No differences among the four strains were detected for any of the parameters measured. Plasma steroid concentrations demonstrated temporal differences, with testosterone levels peaking in January and estradiol levels peaking in April. Monthly changes in circulating vitellogenin concentrations coincided with oocyte growth. Average oocyte size in May, the typical time of spawning, was smaller (1624 gm) than that considered normal for mature oocytes (approx. 3000 mu m) in this species. Furthermore, only 9% of the females in this study spawned, and no significant correlations could be determined between the reproductive indices and spawning success. Activities of cathepsin D, L, and B were also similar between the four strains of catfish. Cathepsin L activity was highest in March, and cathepsin D activity was highest in March and May. Cathepsin B activity was generally lower than the activities of either cathepsin L or D, with the highest levels occurring in November, December, and March. This is the first report of cathepsin activities and their relationships to other reproductive parameters in channel catfish. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Food Sci & Technol Inst, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38,MS 38776, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 264 IS 1-4 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.12.003 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 156OX UT WOS:000245659900042 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Perry, RH AF Byrdwell, Wm. Craig Perry, Richard H. TI Liquid chromatography with dual parallel mass spectrometry and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of sphingomyelin and dihydrosphingomyelin - II. Bovine milk sphingolipids SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sphingomyelin; dihydrosphingomyelin; sphingolipids; phospholipids; mass spectrometry; APCI-MS; ESI-MS; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; electrospray ionization ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; LONG-CHAIN BASES; HUMAN LENS MEMBRANES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLAR LIPIDS; APOPTOSIS; CERAMIDE; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION AB Liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), in parallel, was used for simultaneous detection of bovine milk sphingolipids (BMS). APCI-MS mass spectra exhibited mostly ceramide-like fragment ions, [Cer-H2O + H](+) and [Cer-2H(2)O + H](+), which were used to identify individual molecular species of BMS according to fatty acyl chain length:degree of unsaturation and long-chain base (LCB). ESI-MS was used to confirm the molecular weights of BMS species. Both sphingomyelin (SM) and dihydrosphingomyelin (DSM) molecular species were identified, with DSM species constituting 20% of BMS. Approximately 56 to 58% of DSM species contained a d16:0 LCB, while 34 to 37% contained a d18:0 LCB. Approximately 26 to 30% of SM species contained a d16:1 LCB, while 57 to 60% contained a d18:1 LCB. BMS species contained both odd and even carbon chain lengths. The most abundant DSM species contained a d16:0 LCB with a 22:0, 23:0 or 24:0 fatty acyl chain, while the most abundant SM species contained a d18:1 LCB with a 16:0 or 23:0 fatty acyl chain. P-31 NMR spectroscopy was used to conclusively confirm that DSM is a dietary component in BMS. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Byrdwell@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 1146 IS 2 BP 164 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.108 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 157QF UT WOS:000245734500004 PM 17303148 ER PT J AU Aldrich, BT Maghirang, EB Dowell, FE Kambhampati, S AF Aldrich, Benjamin T. Maghirang, Elizabeth B. Dowell, Floyd E. Kambhampati, Srinivas TI Identification of termite species and subspecies of the genus Zootermopsis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species identification; neural network; Zootermopsis angusticollis; Zootermopsis laticeps; Zootermopsis nevadensis; Z. n. nuttingi; Z. n. nevadensis ID HYDROCARBON PHENOTYPES; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; TERMOPSIDAE; ISOPTERA AB Dampwood termites of the genus Zootermopsis ( Isoptera: Termopsidae) are an abundant group of basal termites found in temperate forests of western North America. Three species are currently recognized in the genus and one of these species is subdivided into two subspecies. Although morphological and genetic characters are useful in differentiating among the three species and the two subspecies, respectively, only hydrocarbon analysis can enable differentiation both among the three species and the two subspecies. Due to the limitations of hydrocarbon analysis, such as the need for fresh specimens, alternative methods that could rapidly and accurately identify Zootermopsis would be useful. Using a partial least squares analysis of near-infrared spectra, each of the Zootermopsis species and subspecies were identified with greater than 95% and 80% accuracy, respectively. Neural network analysis of the near-infrared spectra successfully enabled the identification of the species and subspecies with greater than 99% accuracy. The inexpensive, reproducible, and rapid nature of near-infrared spectroscopy makes it a viable alternative to morphological, hydrocarbon, or genetic analysis for identifying Zootermopsis. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Aldrich, BT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Anesthesia, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM benjamin-aldrich@uiowa.edu; elizabeth.maghirang@gmprc.ksu.edu; floyd.dowell@gmprc.ksu.edu; srini@ksu.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 18 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156WI UT WOS:000245680200001 PM 20307237 ER PT J AU Mertens-Talcott, SU De Castro, WV Manthey, JA Derendorf, H Butterweck, V AF Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U. De Castro, Whocely Victor Manthey, John A. Derendorf, Hartmut Butterweck, Veronika TI Polymethoxylated flavones and other phenolic derivates from citrus in their inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of talinolol in Caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymethoxylated flavones (PMF); coumarins; grapefruit; drug interaction; P-glycoprotein; drug-transport ID GRAPEFRUIT JUICE COMPONENTS; ORANGE JUICE; CYTOCHROME-P450 3A4; ORAL AVAILABILITY; CANCER PREVENTION; FRUIT JUICES; PEEL; FURANOCOUMARINS; EFFLUX; LEMON AB Many studies investigating drug interactions with citrus compounds focus on the major grapefruit furanocoumarins bergamottin, dihydroxybergamottin, and the flavonoid naringenin. This study evaluated the influence of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), tangeretin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3,4'-heptamethoxyflavone, and sinensetin, as well as other minor occurring citrus phenols, hesperetin, limettin, 7-OH-coumarin, 7-geranyloxycoumarin, and eriodictyol, on P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of the beta-blocker talinolol using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model and was used to determine the structure-function aspects of the interaction. The transport of talinolol across Caco-2 cells monolayers was determined in the absence and presence of distinct concentrations of the calcium-channel blocker verapamil (a known inhibitor of P-glycoprotein) and citrus compounds. A sigmoid dose-response model was used to fit the data and to estimate the IC50 values of the potential inhibitors. Results from this study show that PMFs significantly decreased talinolol transport from the basolateral to apical side, where tangeretin had the lowest IC50 of 3.2 mu mol/L, followed by nobiletin, heptamethoxyflavone, and sinensetin with IC50 values of 3.5, 3.8, and 3.9 mu mol/L, respectively. However, the efficacy of the compounds did not appear to be dependent on the number of methoxy groups. Other citrus compounds did not have any significant effect on the transport of talinolol. This study suggests that PMFs have a high potential in the interaction with P-gp-mediated talinolol transport in Caco-2 cells. Based on their relatively low concentrations (<= 3 mu g/mL) in citrus, the clinical relevance of these interactions needs to be further elucidated in in vivo studies. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Butterweck, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM butterewk@cop.ufl.edu RI Mertens, Thomas/E-9826-2013; Derendorf, Hartmut/B-4628-2012; OI Derendorf, Hartmut/0000-0003-4016-1370; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne/0000-0003-2828-4044 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2563 EP 2568 DI 10.1021/jf063138v PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150TN UT WOS:000245241700009 PM 17348674 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Koskinen, WC Becker, JM Sadowsky, MJ AF Accinelli, Cesare Koskinen, William C. Becker, Joanna M. Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Environmental fate of two sulfonamide antimicrobial agents in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobials; veterinary pharmaceuticals; sulfonamides; sorption; soil degradation; soil microbial community structure ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANIMAL MANURE; SORPTION; BIODEGRADABILITY; SULFAMETHAZINE; TRIMETHOPRIM; DEGRADATION; PLANTS AB Veterinary antimicrobial agents have been detected in a number of environmental samples, including agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated the persistence and sorption of the sulfonamides sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfachloropyridine (SCP) in soil and their potential effects on soil microorganisms. The sulfonamides dissipated more rapidly from the silt loam soil as compared to the sandy soil. Average half-lives of SMZ and SPC among the two soils were 18.6 and 21.3 days, respectively. The presence of liquid swine slurry (5% v/w) decreased sulfonamide persistence in the silt loam soil. The lower persistence of the antimicrobials in liquid swine slurry-amended soil was likely due to higher microbial activity, as compared to unamended soil, and/or to the greater bioavailability of the sulfonamides to degrading microorganisms, as estimated by sorption isotherms. Concentrations of SMZ and SPC up to 100 mu g g(-1) had no effect on antimicrobial degradation rates and soil microorganisms. These studies suggest that higher sulfonamide concentrations would be necessary to affect the main processes controlling their environmental fates in soil, but at the concentrations normally found in the environment, there would be little or no effects. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, V Fanin 44, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 23 TC 77 Z9 89 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2677 EP 2682 DI 10.1021/jf063709j PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150TN UT WOS:000245241700025 PM 17348682 ER PT J AU Pekkarinen, AI Longstaff, C Jones, BL AF Pekkarinen, Anja I. Longstaff, Colin Jones, Berne L. TI Kinetics of the inhibition of Fusarium serine proteinases by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE barley; Fusarium; proteinase; tight-binding inhibitors ID ALPHA-AMYLASE/SUBTILISIN INHIBITOR; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR-2; SUBTILISIN INHIBITOR; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; BINDING; PURIFICATION; MECHANISM; CULMORUM; WHEAT AB Fungal infections of barley and wheat cause devastating losses of these food crops. The endogenous proteinase inhibitors produced by plant seeds probably defend the plants from pathogens by inhibiting the degradation of their proteins by the pathogen proteases. We have studied the interactions of barley grain inhibitors with the subtilisin-like and trypsinlike proteinases of Fusarium culmorum. The inhibition kinetics of three inhibitor proteins, chymotrypsin/subtilisin inhibitor 2 (CI-2), barley alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI), and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBBI), have been studied in detail for the first time using fungal enzymes. The kinetic studies were performed at physiological pH values to mimic in vivo conditions. Numerical approaches to kinetic analyses were used to calculate the inhibition constants, because the data analyses were complicated by some inhibitor turnover and the instability of enzymes and substrates. All were slow, tight-binding inhibitors that followed either a two-step mechanism (CI-2 and BASI) or a single-step mechanism (BBBI) under the conditions investigated. The overall K-i values derived were approximately 50 pM, 1 nM, and 0.1 nM for CI-2, BASI, and BBBI, respectively. The main difference between the CI-2 and the BASI inhibitions was accounted for by the stabilities of their final complexes and the rate constants for their second dissociation steps (9 x 10(-6)/s and 3 x 10(-4)/s, respectively). Understanding the inhibition mechanisms will be valuable in designing improved strategies for increasing the resistance of the grains to fungal infections. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Miller Brewing Brewing Co, Milwaukee, WI 53208 USA. VTT Biotechnol, Espoo 02044, Finland. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Haematol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Pekkarinen, AI (reprint author), Miller Brewing Brewing Co, 3939 W Highland Blvd, Milwaukee, WI 53208 USA. EM pekkarinen.anja@mbco.com RI Longstaff, Colin/D-2413-2013 OI Longstaff, Colin/0000-0001-7608-208X NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 2736 EP 2742 DI 10.1021/jf0631777 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150TN UT WOS:000245241700032 PM 17341093 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Olden, JD Merritt, DM Pepin, DM AF Poff, N. LeRoy Olden, Julian D. Merritt, David M. Pepin, David M. TI Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE disturbance; natural flow regime; ecosystem sustainability; environmental template ID UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; STREAMFLOW REGIMES; CONSEQUENCES; ECOLOGY; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION AB Global biodiversity in river and riparian ecosystems is generated and maintained by geographic variation in stream processes and fluvial disturbance regimes, which largely reflect regional differences in climate and geology. Extensive construction of dams by humans has greatly dampened the seasonal and interannual streamflow variability of rivers, thereby altering natural dynamics in ecologically important flows on continental to global scales. The cumulative effects of modification to regional-scale environmental templates caused by dams is largely unexplored but of critical conservation importance. Here, we use 186 long-term streamflow records on intermediate-sized rivers across the continental United States to show that dams have homogenized the flow regimes on third- through seventh-order rivers in 16 historically distinctive hydrologic regions over the course of the 20th century. This regional homogenization occurs chiefly through modification of the magnitude and timing of ecologically critical high and low flows. For 317 undammed reference rivers, no evidence for homogenization was found, despite documented changes in regional precipitation over this period. With an estimated average density of one dam every 48 km of third- through seventh-order river channel in the United States, dams arguably have a continental scale effect of homogenizing regionally distinct environmental templates, thereby creating conditions that favor the spread of cosmopolitan, nonindigenous species at the expense of locally adapted native biota. Quantitative analyses such as ours provide the basis for conservation and management actions aimed at restoring and maintaining native biodiversity and ecosystem function and resilience for regionally distinct ecosystems at continental to global scales. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. United States Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM poff@lamar.colostate.edu RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009; Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; Sanchez Gonzalez, Jorge/A-9285-2009; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 53 TC 416 Z9 431 U1 28 U2 239 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 3 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 14 BP 5732 EP 5737 DI 10.1073/pnas.0609812104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156OA UT WOS:000245657600008 PM 17360379 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Wolf, WR Patterson, KY Sharpless, KE Amanna, KR Holden, JM AF Phillips, Katherine M. Wolf, Wayne R. Patterson, Kristine Y. Sharpless, Katherine E. Amanna, Karen R. Holden, Joanne M. TI Summary of reference materials for the determination of the nutrient composition of foods SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE reference materials; food composition data ID CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; QUALITY AB Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a critical role in validating the accuracy of nutrient data for food samples. A number of available food CRMs of differing matrix composition have assigned concentrations for various nutrients, along with associated uncertainty intervals (UIs) for those values. These CRMs have been used extensively in the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) ongoing National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to monitor the accuracy of assays of key foods and nutrients consumed in the United States. A total of 690 assigned values for individual nutrients, including proximates, vitamins, macroelements, microelements, fatty acids, amino acids, and selected phytochemicals (e.g., carotenoids), were compiled from the certificates of analysis for 63 CRMs, and the specified UI in each case was expressed as a percentage of the assigned certified or reference concentration. Across all nutrients, 63.5% of the UIs were less than 10% of the assigned value, 25.5% were 10-20%, and 11% were greater than 20% of the assigned value. The UIs for proximates, minerals, and trace elements were most consistently less than 10% of the assigned value. The relative uncertainties were significantly higher for vitamins, suggesting greater challenges in measuring and certifying these components. These high UIs (greater than 10% assigned value) in the best available reference materials are likely to be indicative of the precision and accuracy that can be obtained by current measurement systems for these components. These data suggest that care must be taken in choosing CRMs to monitor food composition analysis, including evaluating what levels of uncertainty are required in assigned values and which analytical measurement systems for food components need closer examination and improvement. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD APR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s00769-007-0257-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 151LH UT WOS:000245291300003 ER PT J AU McGuire, KJ Weiler, M McDonnell, JJ AF McGuire, K. J. Weiler, M. McDonnell, J. J. TI Integrating tracer experiments with modeling to assess runoff processes and water transit times SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE modeling; multi-criteria calibration; transit time; hillslope hydrology; tracer application ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FORESTED CATCHMENTS; HILLSLOPE SCALE; SUBSURFACE FLOW; SOIL-WATER; HYDROLOGY; NITROGEN; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; CALIBRATION AB Representing runoff process complexity in a simple model structure remains a challenge in hydrology. We present an integrated approach to investigate runoff processes using a hillslope tracer experiment and modeling exercise to explore model parameterization, process representation, and transit times. A spatially-explicit model constrained by soil hydrologic properties, runoff, and applied tracer data was used to identify the dominant processes necessary to explain both water and solute flux from a steep hillslope. The tracer data allowed for the rejection of model parameter sets based on the calibration to runoff data alone, thus reducing model uncertainty. The additional calibration to tracer data, improved parameter identifiability and provided further insight to process controls on hillslope-scale water and solute flux. Transit time distributions developed using the model provided further insight to model structure such as subsurface volume, mixing assumptions, and the water table dynamics. Combining field experiments with the modeling exercise may lead to a more comprehensive assessment of runoff process representation in models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McGuire, KJ (reprint author), Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. EM kmcguire1@plymouth.edu RI Weiler, Markus/F-5584-2011; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI Weiler, Markus/0000-0001-6245-6917; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 76 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 824 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.07.004 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 150ZZ UT WOS:000245259400008 ER PT J AU Perez, C Roncoli, C Neely, C Steiner, J AF Perez, Carlos Roncoli, Carla Neely, Constance Steiner, Jean TI Making carbon sequestration work for Africa's rural poor: Opportunities and constraints - Preface SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RP Perez, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Hall 2G,61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM cperez@ei.columbia.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.08.002 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 164JK UT WOS:000246229800001 ER PT J AU Perez, C Roncoli, C Neely, C Steiner, JL AF Perez, Carlos Roncoli, Carla Neely, Constance Steiner, Jean L. TI Can carbon sequestration markets benefit low-income producers in semi-arid Africa? Potentials and challenges SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on Land Management for Carbon Sequestration in the Sudan-Sahel Region CY 2004 CL Bamako, MALI SP US NASA, US Agcy Int Dev, Sustain Agr & Nat Resource Management, Soils Management, Collaborat Res Support Programs DE soil carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon markets; carbon credits; poverty reduction; drylands; West Africa ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SYSTEMS SIMULATION-MODEL; AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FERTILITY MANAGEMENT; IMPROVED FALLOWS; FARMING SYSTEMS; BURKINA-FASO; SENEGAL AB The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration. In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Trop Agr Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, Greece. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RP Perez, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Trop Agr Earth Inst, Lamont Hall 2G,61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM cperez@ei.columbia.edu RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 113 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 164JK UT WOS:000246229800002 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, PC McCarty, GW Hunt, ER Yost, RS Doumbia, M Franzluebbers, AJ AF Doraiswamy, P. C. McCarty, G. W. Hunt, E. R., Jr. Yost, R. S. Doumbia, M. Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Modeling soil carbon sequestration in agricultural lands of Mali SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on Land Management for Carbon Sequestration in the Sudan-Sahel Region CY 2004 CL Bamako, MALI SP US NASA, US Agcy Int Dev, Sustain Agr & Nat Resource Management, Soils Management, Collaborat Res Support Programs DE crop yields soil crosion; land use classification; EPIC-Century model; ridge tillage ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-AFRICA; GLOBAL IMPACT; WATER-CONTENT; WINTER-WHEAT; EROSION; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION AB Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is a low-input low-output system primarily for subsistence. Some of these areas are becoming less able to feed the people because of land degradation and erosion. The aim of this study is to characterize the potential for increasing levels of soil carbon for improving soil quality and carbon sequestration. A combination of high- and low-resolution imagery was used to develop a land use classification for an area of 64 km(2) near Omarobougou, Mali. Field sizes were generally small (10-50 ha), and the primary cultivation systems are conventional tillage and ridge tillage, where tillage is performed by a combination of hand tools and animal-drawn plows. Based oil land use classification, climate variables, soil texture, in situ soil carbon concentrations, and crop growth characteristics, the EPIC-Century model was used to project the amounts of soil carbon sequestered for the region. Under the usual management practices in Mali, mean crop yield reported (1985-2000) for maize is 1.53 T ha(-1), cotton is 1.2 T ha(-1), millet is 0.95 T ha(-1), and for sorghum is 0.95 T ha(-1). Year-to-year variations call be attributed to primarily rainfall, the amount of plant available water, and the amount of fertilizer applied. Under continuous conventional cultivation, with minimal fertilization and no residue management, the soil top layer was continuously lost due to erosion, losing between 1.1 and 1.7 Mg C hat over 25 years. The model projections suggest that soil erosion is controlled and that soil carbon sequestration is enhanced with a ridge tillage system, because of increased water infiltration. The combination of modeling with the land use classification was used to calculate that about 54 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) may be sequestered for the study area with ridge tillage, increased application of fertilizers, and residue management. This is about one-third the proposed rate used in large-scale estimates of carbon sequestration potential in West Africa, because of the mixture of land use practices. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Agron & Siol Sci, Honolulu, HI USA. Mali Inst Econ Rurale, Lab Sol Eau Plante, Bamako, Mali. USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pdoraisw@hydrolab.arasusda.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 SI SI BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 164JK UT WOS:000246229800007 ER PT J AU Williams, RD Hoagland, RE AF Williams, R. D. Hoagland, R. E. TI Phytotoxicity of mimosine and albizziine on seed germination and seedling growth of crops and weeds SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelochemical(s); cotyledon greening; inhibition; non-protein amino acid; root length; seed germination; seedling growth; shoot elongation; hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. Ex AW Hill]; sicklepod (Senna oblusifolia L.); winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ID LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; AMINO-ACIDS; EXTRACTION; ENZYMES; PLANTS AB Mimosine and albizziine are non-protein amino acids produced by certain legume species that possess allelopathic activity. Although these allelochemicals have exhibited phytotoxicity in some bioassays, all test plants were not affected. We tested these compounds at various concentrations ( 10(-3) to 10(-5) M) for allelopathic effects on seed germination, growth, and greening of weeds and crops: hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). We also examined in vitro effects of these chemicals on the enzymatic activity of cysteine synthase from sicklepod tissue. Mimosine at 10(-3) M reduced germination (by similar to 40%) in both wheat and sicklepod. The greatest growth inhibition occurred, when these compounds were supplied via seed imbibition, but some inhibition also was noted in root feeding and sprays of the chemicals on seedlings. Mimosine and albizziine inhibited chlorophyll development in hemp sesbania and sicklepod cotyledons at all concentrations tested. Chlorophyll inhibition ranged from 25 to 40 % for albizziine and from 20 to 97% for mimosine. Both compounds caused a small inhibition (10%) of sicklepod cysteine synthase activity. Generally mimosine was the more phytotoxic compound. C1 Langston Univ, USDA ARS GRL, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Williams, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, PO 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Robert.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 423 EP 430 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 159OZ UT WOS:000245877000013 ER PT J AU Kaplan, K AF Kaplan, Kim TI More buzz about a bad bee - Africaized honey bees in the news again (Reprinted from Agricultural Research Magazine, February 2007) SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kaplan, K (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 147 IS 4 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 149ZN UT WOS:000245185500012 ER PT J AU Whipple, IG Barkworth, ME Bushman, BS AF Whipple, Ian G. Barkworth, Mary E. Bushman, Bradley S. TI Molecular insights into the taxonomy of Glyceria (Poaceae : Meliceae) in North America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast DNA; Glyceria; taxonomy AB Eighteen Glyceria species grow in the United States and Canada, with 16 being native to the region. We used data from morphology and three chloroplast DNA intergenic regions to address taxonomic questions concerning Glyceria in North America, particularly the status of G. declinata, G. occidentalis, G. fluitans, G. striata, and G. elata in western North America. The chloroplast data confirmed the presence of two European species, G. declinata and G. fluitans, in western North America. Glyceria occidentatis was exceptional among the taxa studied in having chloroplast genotypes that fell into two different clades, one of which contained G. fluitans and the other the North American species G. leptostachya. The morphological data showed G. occidentalis to be intermediate between G. fluitans and G. leptostachya with respect to their distinguishing characters. Based on these results, we hypothesize that G. occidentalis consists of hybrids between G.fluitans and G. leptostachya. Glyceria elata and G. striata, which have sometimes been treated as a single species, had different chloroplast genotypes, supporting their recognition as distinct taxa. DNA data from all three intergenic regions would be needed for unequivocal identification of the non-hybrid species examined. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sbushman@cc.usu.edu RI Barkworth, Mary/A-7158-2009 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.4.551 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215SV UT WOS:000249830200007 PM 21636425 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Ausman, LM Kuvin, JT Karas, RH Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, Nirupa R. Jalbert, Susan M. Ausman, Lynne M. Kuvin, Jeffrey T. Karas, Richard H. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Effect of soy protein from differently processed products on cardiovascular disease risk factors and vascular endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE soy protein; lipids; lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; cholesterol; endothelial function ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SOYBEAN-PROTEIN; ANIMAL PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRITION COMMITTEE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SERUM-LIPIDS; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Background: The magnitude of the effect of soy protein on lipoprotein concentrations is variable. This discordance is likely attributable to the various forms of soy protein used and to unrecognized shifts in dietary fatty acid, cholesterol, and fiber. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of soybean processing as well as soy consumption relative to animal protein, independent of alterations in major dietary variables, on cardiovascular disease risk factors and vascular endothelial function. Design: Twenty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects (LDL cholesterol >= 3.36 mmol/L) aged > 50 y consumed each of 4 diets for 6-wk periods according to a randomized crossover design. The diets [55% of energy as carbohydrate, 30% of energy as fat, and 15% of energy as protein-7.5% of energy as experimental protein (37.5 g/d)] were designed to contain products made from either whole soybeans, soyflour, or soymilk and were compared with a diet containing an equivalent amount of animal protein (meat, chicken, and dairy products). The cholesterol, fiber, and fatty acid profiles of the diets were equalized. All food and drink were provided, and body weight was maintained throughout the study. Results: No significant differences in blood pressure, vascular endothelial function, or total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein 13, or C-reactive protein concentrations were observed between the diets. Consumption of the soymilk diet resulted in a modest decrease (4%) in LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with the animal-protein and soyflour diets (P < 0.05) and higher HDL-cholesterol (1%) and apolipoprotein A-I (2%) concentrations compared with the soybean and soyflour diets (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the consumption of differently processed soy-based products and different types of protein (animal and soy) has little clinical effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors, including peripheral endothelial function, when other major dietary variables are held constant. C1 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr Hosp, Div Cardiol,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 58008] NR 49 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 960 EP 966 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156PO UT WOS:000245661700007 PM 17413093 ER PT J AU Stote, KS Baer, DJ Spears, K Paul, DR Harris, GK Rumpler, WV Strycula, P Najjar, SS Ferrucci, L Ingram, DK Longo, DL Mattson, MP AF Stote, Kim S. Baer, David J. Spears, Karen Paul, David R. Harris, G. Keith Rumpler, William V. Strycula, Pilar Najjar, Samer S. Ferrucci, Luigi Ingram, Donald K. Longo, Dan L. Mattson, Mark P. TI A controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE caloric restriction; meal frequency; intermittent fasting; cholesterol metabolism; blood pressure; controlled diet; normal-weight adults ID FED CONTROLLED DIETS; LIPID PROFILES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; HUMANS; PLASMA; BREAKFAST; RATS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; CHOLESTEROL AB Background: Although consumption of 3 meals/d is the most common pattern of eating in industrialized countries, a scientific rationale for this meal frequency with respect to optimal health is lacking. A diet with less meal frequency can improve the health and extend the lifespan of laboratory animals, but its effect on humans has never been tested. Objective: A pilot study was conducted to establish the effects of a reduced-meal-frequency diet on health indicators in healthy, normal-weight adults. Design: The study was a randomized crossover design with two 8-wk treatment periods. During the treatment periods, subjects consumed all of the calories needed for weight maintenance in either 3 meals/d or 1 meal/d. Results: Subjects who completed the study maintained their body weight within 2 kg of their initial weight throughout the 6-mo period. There were no significant effects of meal frequency on heart rate, body temperature, or most of the blood variables measured. However, when consuming I meal/d, subjects had a significant increase in hunger; a significant modification of body composition, including reductions in fat mass; significant increases in blood pressure and in total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations; and a significant decrease in concentrations of cortisol. Conclusions: Normal-weight subjects are able to comply with a I meal/d diet. When meal frequency is decreased without a reduction in overall calorie intake, modest changes occur in body composition, some cardiovascular disease risk factors, and hematologic variables. Diurnal variations may affect outcomes. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Aging Intramural Res Program, Clin Res Branch, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Aging Intramural Res Program, Lab Cardiovasc Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Aging Intramural Res Program, Lab Expt Gerontol, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Aging Intramural Res Program, Lab Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Aging Intramural Res Program, Lab Neurosci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 307B Ctr Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov RI Mattson, Mark/F-6038-2012; Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999] NR 38 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 981 EP 988 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156PO UT WOS:000245661700010 PM 17413096 ER PT J AU Das, SK Gilhooly, CH Golden, JK Pittas, AG Fuss, PJ Cheatham, RA Tyler, S Tsay, M McCrory, MA Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Dutta, C Bhapkar, MV DeLany, JP Saltzman, E Roberts, SB AF Das, Sai Krupa Gilhooly, Cheryl H. Golden, Julie K. Pittas, Anastassios G. Fuss, Paul J. Cheatham, Rachel A. Tyler, Stephanie Tsay, Michelle McCrory, Megan A. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dallal, Gerard E. Dutta, Chhanda Bhapkar, Manjushri V. DeLany, James P. Saltzman, Edward Roberts, Susan B. TI Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glycemic load; caloric restriction; body weight; metabolism ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; WEIGHT-LOSS DIETS; LOW-FAT DIET; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; HEART-DISEASE; FOOD PROVISION; RISK-FACTORS; INDEX DIET; OBESITY; EXPENDITURE AB Background: There remains no consensus about the optimal dietary composition for sustained weight loss. Objective: The objective was to examine the effects of 2 dietary macronutrient patterns with different glycemic loads on adherence to a prescribed regimen of calorie restriction (CR), weight and fat loss, and related variables. Design: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of diets with a high glycemic load (HG) or a low glycemic load (LG) at 30% CR was conducted in 34 healthy overweight adults with a mean (+/- SD) age of 35 +/- 6 y and body mass index (kg/m(2)) of 27.6 +/- 1.4. All food was provided for 6 mo in diets controlled for confounding variables, and subjects self-administered the plans for 6 additional months. Primary and secondary outcomes included energy intake measured by doubly labeled water, body weight and fatness, hunger, satiety, and resting metabolic rate. Results: All groups consumed significantly less energy during CR than at baseline (P < 0.01), but changes in energy intake, body weight, body fat, and resting metabolic rate did not differ significantly between groups. Both groups ate more energy than provided (eg, 21% and 28% CR at 3 mo and 16% and 17% CR at 6 mo with HG and LG, respectively). Percentage weight change at 12 mo was -8.04 +/- 4.1% in the HG group and -7.81 +/- 5.0% in the LG group. There was no effect of dietary composition on changes in hunger, satiety, or satisfaction with the amount and type of provided food during CR. Conclusions: These findings provide more detailed evidence to suggest that diets differing substantially in glycemic load induce comparable long-term weight loss. C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Natl Inst Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Room 1312,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU NIA NIH HHS [NGA-3U01-AG20480]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561-11, T32 DK062032, P30 DK040561, K23DK61506]; PHS HHS [H150001] NR 51 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1030 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156PO UT WOS:000245661700015 PM 17413101 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Oesterle, PT Sullivan, HJ Hall, JS Marlenee, NL McLean, RG Montenieri, JA Clark, L AF Root, J. Jeffrey Oesterle, Paul T. Sullivan, Heather J. Hall, Jeffrey S. Marlenee, Nicole L. McLean, Robert G. Montenieri, John A. Clark, Larry TI Short report: Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) associations with West Nile virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; INFECTION; MAMMALS; FLAVIVIRUS; MOSQUITOS AB Tree squirrels (Sciurus spp.) have been recently shown to be commonly exposed to West Nile virus (WNV). Many characteristics of WNV infections in tree squirrels are unknown. To better understand WNV associations in fox squirrels (S. niger), we conducted mark-recapture sampling (N = 72) and radio telemetry to study the longitudinal seroprevalence, seroconversions, and ectoparasites of these animals during 2005-2006 in northern Colorado. Five seroconversions were documented during this study. The majority of seroconversions occurred during the late summer/ fall months. However, one seroconversion was documented over the time period of February to late March 2005. Fleas (Orchopeas howardi) were tested for WNV RNA using real-time PCR techniques. No WNV RNA positive fleas (N = 33) were detected. In addition, urine samples (N = 17) opportunistically collected from fox squirrels were negative for WNV RNA. Results indicate that seroconversions can be observed in fox squirrels during low WNV transmission years. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov; paul.t.oesterle@aphis.usda.gov; heather.j.sullivan@aphis.usda.gov; jeffery.s.hall@aphis.usda.gov; marlenee@colostate.edu; robert.g.mclean@aphis.usda.gov; Jam3@cdc.gov; larry.clark@aphis.usda.gov FU PHS HHS [03FED12031] NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 782 EP 784 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 155UV UT WOS:000245604800032 PM 17426187 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB AF Stanton, Thad B. TI Prophage-like gene transfer agents - Novel mechanisms of gene exchange for Methanococcus, Desulfovibrio, Brachyspira, and Rhodobacter species SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Review DE bacteriophage; GTA; horizontal gene transfer ID BACTERIOPHAGE-LIKE PARTICLE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS; DEFECTIVE PROPHAGE; GENOME SEQUENCE; MITOMYCIN-C; PHAGE AB Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are novel mechanisms for bacterial gene transfer. They resemble small, tailed bacteriophages in ultrastructure and act like generalized transducing prophages. In contrast to functional prophages, GTAs package random fragments of bacterial genomes and incomplete copies of their own genomes. The packaged DNA content is characteristic of the GTA and ranges in size from 4.4 to 13.6 kb. GTAs have been reported in species of Brachyspira, Methanococcus, Desulfovibrio, and Rhodobacter. The best studied GTAs are VSH-1 of the anaerobic, pathogenic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and RcGTA of the nonsulfur, purple, photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. VSH-1 and RcGTA have likely contributed to the ecology and evolution of these bacteria. The existence of GTAs in phylogenetically diverse bacteria suggests GTAs may be more common in nature than is now appreciated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.03.004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 181UU UT WOS:000247462400001 PM 17513139 ER PT J AU Park, JS Russell, JB Wilson, DB AF Park, Jae Seon Russell, James B. Wilson, David B. TI Characterization of a family 45 glycosyl hydrolase from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE fibrobacter succinogenes; cellulase; rumen; glycosyl hydrolase ID BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; PREVOTELLA-RUMINICOLA; ENDOGLUCANASE F; BINDING PROTEIN; RUMEN BACTERIA; SP-NOV; CELLULOSE; DEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION; INTESTINALIS AB Fibrobacter succinogenes is one of the most active cellulolytic bacteria ever isolated from the rumen, but enzymes from F succinogenes capable of hydrolyzing native (insoluble) cellulose at a rapid, rate have not! been identified. However, the genome sequence of F succinogenes is now available, and it was hoped that this information would yield new insights into the mechanism of cellulose digestion. The genome has a single family 45 beta-glucanase gene, and some of the enzymes in this family have good activity against native cellulose. The gene encoding the family 45 glycosyl hydrolase from F succinogenes S85 w as cloned into Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) using pMAL-c2 as a vector. Recombinant E. coli cells produced a soluble fusion protein (MAL-F45) that was purified on a maltose affinity column and characterized. MAL-F45 was most active on carboxymethylcellulose between pH 6 and 7 and it hydrolyzed cellopentaose and cellohexaose but not cellotetraose. It also cleaved p-nitrophenyl-cellopentose into cellotriose and p-nitrophenyl-cellobiose. MAL-F45 produced cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose from acid swollen cellulose and bacteria cellulose, but the rate of this hydrolysis was much too low to explain the rate of cellulose digestion by growing cultures. Because the F succinogenes S85 genome lacks dockerin and cohesin sequences, does not encode any known processive cellulases, and most of its endoglucanase genes do not encode carbohydrate binding modules, it appears that F. succinogenes has a novel mechanism of cellulose degradation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biochem Mol & Cell Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 EI 1095-8274 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.12.003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 181UU UT WOS:000247462400006 ER PT J AU Matson, EG Zuerner, RL Stanton, TB AF Matson, Eric G. Zuerner, Richard L. Stanton, Thad B. TI Induction and transcription of VSH-1, a prophage-like gene transfer agent of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; spirochete; swine dysentery; GTA; hydrogen peroxide ID SERPULINA TREPONEMA HYODYSENTERIAE; FLAGELLAR SHEATH PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; MESSENGER-RNAS; BACTERIOPHAGE; PHAGE; EXPRESSION; DNA; ACTIVATOR AB The anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is host to a bacteriophage-like agent known as VSH-1. VSH-1 is a novel gene transfer mechanism which does not self-propagate and transfers random 7.5 kb fragments of host DNA between B. hyodysenteriae cells. In these investigations early events during VSH-1 induction by mitomycin C were examined. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that VSH-1 hvp38 and hvp53 genes did not detectably increase in copy numbers during induction. Based on Northern blot hybridization assays, transcription of VSH-1 genes hvp38, hvp53, hvp45, hvp101, and lys increased fivefold to tenfold between 2 and 4h after induction whereas mRNA levels for B. hyodysenteriae flaA1 declined over the same time period. Chloramphenicol prevented the mitomycin G induced increases in VSH- I gene transcription. Hydrogen peroxide (300 mu M) substituted for mitomycin C as an inducer of VSH- I gene transcription and is a possible, 'natural' inducer of VSH-1 production in vivo. Northern blot hybridization, RT PCR, and primer extension analyses showed that VSH-1 genes are co-transcribed at an initiation site upstream of the VSH-1 gene operon. Two direct heptanucleotide repeats (ACTTATA) were identified between the putative -35 and -10 positions of the VSH-1 gene operon and are likely to represent a binding site for transcription proteins. These finding's indicate VSH-1 virion production does not require genome replication, consistent with the inability of VSH-1 to self-propagate. Early events in VSH-1 induction include de novo synthesis of protein(s) essential for transcription of VSH-1 genes as polycistronic mRNA initiating upstream of the hvp45 gene. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.04.004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 181UU UT WOS:000247462400007 PM 17540587 ER PT J AU Chen, P Wolf, WR AF Chen, Pei Wolf, Wayne R. TI LC/UV/MS-MRM for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE B vitamins; dietary supplements; HPLC; MS; quantitation; UV ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The purpose of this study was to optimize chromatographic and detection conditions for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin dietary supplements using a single chromatographic run. An approach using liquid chromatography with diode array and/or mass spectrometry for quantitation of seven B-complex vitamins [thiamine (B-1), riboflavin (B-2), nicotinamide (B-3), pyridoxine (B-6) pyridoxine, biotin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid] in multi-vitamin/multi-mineral daily supplements is described. This approach utilizes a reversed phase C18 column (4 mu m; i.d.: 250x2.0 mm) with a gradient mobile elution profile, performed at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. After a 5-min isocratic elution at 100% A (0.1% formic acid in water), a linear gradient to 50% A and 50% B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at 15 min and then to 5% A and 95% B at 17 min was employed. Detection was performed with a photodiode array detector (DAD) in sequence with a triple-quad mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction mode (MS-MRM). Although good chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid was also obtained in extracts from multi-vitamin/multi-mineral supplements, the ascorbic acid could not be quantified properly due to rapid oxidation catalyzed by the minerals. This method was initially applied to determine water-soluble vitamins in representative multi-vitamin/multi-mineral tablets following the extraction of ground samples with a phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.5). For multi-vitamin supplement tablets, this approach does not require any sample clean-up/pre-concentration steps except for centrifugation and filtration of the extract. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 7 BP 2441 EP 2448 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0615-y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 143TR UT WOS:000244748500015 PM 17091235 ER PT J AU Wolf, WR Goldschmidt, RJ AF Wolf, Wayne R. Goldschmidt, Robert J. TI Updated estimates of the selenomethionine content of NIST wheat reference materials by GC-IDMS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials 9BERM 10) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2006 CL Charleston, SC SP Natl Inst Stnad & Technol, High Pur Stand, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv DE selenomethionine; wheat; reference materials; isotope dilution mass spectrometry ID HIGH-SELENIUM BROCCOLI; CYANOGEN-BROMIDE; ICP-MS; CANCER PREVENTION; METHIONINE; YEAST; SPECIATION; HPLC; PROTEINS; CLEAVAGE AB Updated estimates of the selenomethionine content of four NIST wheat reference materials have been obtained by use of a revised gas chromatography-stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometric method. The revised method makes use of digestion with methanesulfonic acid, which enables more complete recovery of endogenous selenomethionine than was previously achieved by overnight denaturing treatment in 0.1 mol L-1HCl. The NIST wheat reference materials each contain approximately 55% of their total Se content as selenomethionine. Information about forms of Se in reference materials adds value to these materials in Se speciation studies. Estimates of selenomethionine content are also provided for other wheat samples, including several grown under conditions of exposure to high Se levels. These samples also contain approximately 55% of their total Se content as selenomethionine. The consistent level of 55% of total selenium occurring in the form of selenomethionine when the total selenium content varies by a factor of 500 is suggestive of an active mechanism of incorporation of selenium into wheat grain. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 387 IS 7 BP 2449 EP 2452 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0839-x PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 143TR UT WOS:000244748500016 PM 17123069 ER PT J AU Brewster, JD AF Brewster, Jeffrey D. TI Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of three-dimensional fluid flow on a desktop computer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; MODELS; DISSOLUTION; RELAXATION; MICROMIXER; CONVECTION; CYTOMETRY; ELECTRODE AB The lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method is a cellular automaton approach to simulating fluid flow with many advantages over conventional methods based on the Navier-Stokes equations. It is conceptually simple, amenable to a wide array of boundary conditions, and can be adapted to handle thermal, density, miscibility, and other effects. The LB approach has been used to model a number of fluid systems of interest to analytical chemists, including chromatography columns, micromixers, and electroosmotic pumps. However, widespread use of this tool has been limited, in part because virtually all large-scale 3D simulations in the literature have been executed on supercomputers. This work demonstrates that such simulations can be executed in reasonable periods of time (hours) on a desktop computer using a cross-platform software package that is easy to learn and use. This package incorporates several improvements that enhance the utility of the LB approach, including an algorithm for speeding common calculations by 2 orders of magnitude and a scheme for handling convection-diffusion equations of interest in electrochemical and surface reaction studies. C1 Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brewster, JD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jeffrey.brewster@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 7 BP 2965 EP 2971 DI 10.1021/ac062178v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 151QA UT WOS:000245304300044 PM 17319648 ER PT J AU Mckay, SD Schnabel, RD Murdoch, BM Aerts, J Gill, CA Gao, C Li, C Matukumalli, LK Stothard, P Wang, Z Van Tassell, CP Williams, JL Taylor, JF Moore, SS AF McKay, S. D. Schnabel, R. D. Murdoch, B. M. Aerts, J. Gill, C. A. Gao, C. Li, C. Matukumalli, L. K. Stothard, P. Wang, Z. Van Tassell, C. P. Williams, J. L. Taylor, J. F. Moore, S. S. TI Construction of bovine whole-genome radiation hybrid and linkage maps using high-throughput genotyping SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; illumina; map; single nucleotide polymorphism ID PANEL; CATTLE AB High-density whole-genome maps are essential for ordering genes or markers and aid in the assembly of genome sequence. To increase the density of markers on the bovine radiation hybrid map, and hence contribute to the assembly of the bovine genome sequence, an Illumina((R)) BeadStation was used to simultaneously type large numbers of markers on the Roslin-Cambridge 3000 rad bovine-hamster whole-genome radiation hybrid panel (WGRH(3000)). In five multiplex reactions, 6738 sequence tagged site (STS) markers were successfully typed on the WGRH(3000) panel DNA. These STSs harboured SNPs that were developed as a result of the bovine genome sequencing initiative. Typically, the most time consuming and expensive part of creating high-density radiation hybrid (RH) maps is genotyping the markers on the RH panel with conventional approaches. Using the method described in this article, we have developed a high-density whole-genome RH map with 4690 loci and a linkage map with 2701 loci, with direct comparison to the bovine whole-genome sequence assembly (Btau_2.0) in a fraction of the time it would have taken with conventional typing and genotyping methods. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept AFNS, Agr Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. RP Mckay, SD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept AFNS, Agr Forestry Ctr, Room 410, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. EM sdmckay@ualberta.ca RI Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013; OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Gill, Clare/0000-0003-2640-1825 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01564.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 151SO UT WOS:000245311300005 PM 17302794 ER PT J AU Traul, DL Li, H Dasgupta, N O'Toole, D Eldridge, JA Besser, TE Davies, CJ AF Traul, D. L. Li, H. Dasgupta, N. O'Toole, D. Eldridge, J. A. Besser, T. E. Davies, C. J. TI Resistance to malignant catarrhal fever in American bison (Bison bison) is associated with MHC class IIa polymorphisms SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bison bison; disease association; major histocompatibility complex; major histocompatibility complex class II; malignant catarrhal fever ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; BOLA NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE; BOVINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; NASAL SECRETIONS; SHEEP; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB The Rhadinovirus ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is the most common causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in clinically susceptible ruminants including cattle and bison. American bison (Bison bison) are highly susceptible to clinical MCF. Nevertheless, approximately 20% of bison on ranches or in feedlots become infected with the virus without developing clinical disease. Defining the genetic basis for differences in susceptibility between bison could facilitate development of improved control strategies for MCF. One genetic region that influences susceptibility to infectious diseases is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In this study, a Bison bison (Bibi) DRB3 oligonucleotide microarray was used to type 189 bison from 10 herds where MCF outbreaks had occurred. Binary logistic regression was used to classify DRB3 alleles as resistant (R), susceptible (S) or neutral (N). Animals were reclassified using six DRB3 genotype categories: N/N, N/R, N/S, R/S, R/R and S/S. Analysis of homogeneity across herds showed that there was a herd effect. Consequently, a penalized logistic regression model was run with herd and genotype categories as the explanatory variables. The R/R genotype was associated with resistance to MCF (P = 0.0327), while the S/S genotype was associated with clinical MCF (P = 0.0069). This is the first evidence that MHC class IIa polymorphism is associated with resistance or susceptibility to OvHV-2-induced MCF. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Davies, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cdavies@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01575.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 151SO UT WOS:000245311300008 PM 17326800 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC Wolters, WR AF Waldbieser, G. C. Wolters, W. R. TI Definition of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE catfish; identification; microsatellite ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L.; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PARENTAGE ASSIGNMENT; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; MUTATIONS; DIVERSITY; TRAITS AB Although there are differences in performance between genetic groups of channel catfish, identification and management of these groups is difficult because catfish strains look alike and individuals cannot be tagged efficiently. Thus, US catfish producers have not been able to objectively identify fish from different strains or populations, and it has been difficult for them to maintain the genetic purity of populations on the farm. We have developed a multiplexed microsatellite genotyping system to define catfish populations based on allelic frequency and exclusion. A commercial catfish genotype database was developed using catfish samples collected from 24 processing plants in the four main US catfish-producing states. The utility of the system was tested by the molecular characterization of the USDA103 research strain. Using eight microsatellite loci, the probability of falsely classifying an individual non-USDA103 catfish as a USDA103 was 0.0065. From a sample of 50 fish from a putative USDA103 pond, the probability of falsely including two non-USDA103 fish was 1 x 10(-105), and the conservative probability of falsely excluding two USDA103 fish was 1 x 10(-6). This genotyping system provides channel catfish producers with an objective mechanism for identification and management of genetically selected fish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM geoff.waldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01586.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 151SO UT WOS:000245311300016 PM 17355390 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Severiano, H D'Occhio, MJ Lunstra, DD Mussard, ML Davis, TL Enright, WJ Kinder, JE AF Jimenez-Severiano, H. D'Occhio, M. J. Lunstra, D. D. Mussard, M. L. Davis, T. L. Enright, W. J. Kinder, J. E. TI Comparative response of rams and bulls to long-term treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; GnRH; GnRH analogs; LH; FSH; testosterone; male sexual function ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; POTENT LHRH ANTAGONIST; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE SECRETION; AGONIST DESLORELIN; TESTICULAR FUNCTION; PREPUBERTAL BULLS; CHROMOGRANIN-A; DOSE-RESPONSE; YOUNG BULLS AB The objective was to compare the relative response between rams and bulls in characteristics of LH, FSH and testosterone (T) secretion, during and after long-term treatment with GnRH analogs. Animals were treated with GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, or vehicle (Control) for 28 days. Serial blood samples were collected on day 21 of treatment, and at several intervals after treatment. Injections of natural sequence GnRH were used to evaluate the capacity of the pituitary to release gonadotropins during and after treatment. Treatment with GnRH agonist increased basal LH and T concentrations in both rams and bulls, with a greater relative increase in bulls. Endogenous LH pulses and LH release after administration of GnRH were suppressed during treatment with GnRH agonist. Treatment with GnRH antagonist decreased mean hormone concentrations, LH and T pulse frequency, and the release of LH and T after exogenous GnRH, with greater relative effects in bulls. Rams previously treated with antagonist had a greater release of LH after administration of GnRH compared with control rams, while rams previously treated with agonist showed a reduced LH response. Bulls previously treated with agonist had reduced FSH concentrations and LH pulse amplitudes compared with control bulls while bulls previously treated with antagonist had greater T concentrations and pulse frequency. The present study was the first direct comparison between domestic species of the response in males to treatment with GnRH analogs. The findings demonstrated that differences do occur between rams and bulls in LH, FSH and testosterone secretion during and after treatment. Also, the consequences of treatment with either GnRH analog can persist for a considerable time after discontinuation of treatment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Intervet Int, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. RP Kinder, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kinder.15@osu.edu NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 204 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.02.014 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 147CC UT WOS:000244980000004 PM 16616998 ER PT J AU Zhang, LW Gillette, NE Sun, JH AF Zhang, Long-wa Gillette, Nancy E. Sun, Jiang-hua TI Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Dendroctonus valens to non-host volatiles SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE non-host volatiles; red turpentine beetle; electroantennograms; olfactory response; field trapping ID RED TURPENTINE BEETLE; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ATTRACTION; VERBENONE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; INTERRUPTION AB Non-host volatiles (NHVs) that are often reported as being disruptive to coniferophagous bark beetles were tested for both electrophysiological and behavioral effects on the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which was accidentally introduced into China in the mid-1980' s. All NHVs tested elicited dose-dependent antennal responses by D. valens. In Y-tube olfactometer trials, D. valens were repelled by NHVs tested. When NHVs were added to a kairomone blend, responses of D. valens were significantly inhibited. Further field trapping experiments showed that attraction of D. valens to kairomone baited traps was reduced by all individual NHVs, with reductions ranging from 26.3 to 70%. 1-Octen-3-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol were the three most effective NHVs, significantly reducing D. valens to kairomone-baited traps by 69.5, 68.3 and 66.0%, respectively. In the development and implementation of a semiochemical-based management programme for D. valens, NHVs may have considerable potential for disrupting the beetle's ability to locate suitable hosts. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn NR 31 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 64 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1051/forest:2007004 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 156ML UT WOS:000245652800004 ER PT J AU Yarlett, N Waters, WR Harp, JA Wannemuehler, MJ Morada, M Bellcastro, J Upton, SJ Marton, LJ Frydman, BJ AF Yarlett, Nigel Waters, W. Ray Harp, James A. Wannemuehler, Michael J. Morada, Mary Bellcastro, Josephine Upton, Steve J. Marton, Laurence J. Frydman, Benjamin J. TI Activities of DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine and polyamine analogues against Cryptosporidium parvum infection in a T-cell receptor alpha-deficient mouse model SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED ANALOGS; ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; SPERMINE; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; AGMATINE; MICE; OXIDASE; BRAIN; LINES AB The in vivo effectiveness of a series of conformationally restricted polyamine analogues alone and selected members in combination with DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine against Cryptosporidium parvum infection in a T-cell receptor alpha-deficient mouse model was tested. Polyamine analogues were selected from the extended his (ethyl)-sym-homospermidine or his (ethyl)-spermine backbone having cis or trans double bonds at the center of the molecule. The cis isomers were found to have significantly greater efficacy in both preventing and curing infection in a mouse model than the trans polyamine analogues when tested in a T-cell receptor alpha-deficient mouse model. When tested in combination with DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine, the cis-restricted analogues were found to be more effective in preventing oocyst shedding. This study demonstrates the potential of pollyamine analogues as anticryptosporidial agents and highlights the presence of multiple points in polyamine synthesis by this parasite that are susceptible to inhibition resulting in growth inhibition. C1 Pace Univ, Haskins Labs Inc, New York, NY 10038 USA. Pace Univ, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, New York, NY 10038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cellgate, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Omnisynth LLC, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Yarlett, N (reprint author), Pace Univ, Haskins Labs Inc, 41 Pk Row, New York, NY 10038 USA. EM nyarlett@pace.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40320, AI43931, AI45739] NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1234 EP 1239 DI 10.1128/AAC.01040-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 153FD UT WOS:000245416500016 PM 17242149 ER PT J AU Ni, HY Laplaza, JM Jeffries, TW AF Ni, Haiying Laplaza, Jose M. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Transposon mutagenesis to improve the growth of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae on (D)-xylos SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; PICHIA-STIPITIS; D-XYLULOKINASE; ETHANOL; YEAST; REDUCTASE; GENE; METABOLISM AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae L2612 transformed with genes for xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL1 and XYL2) grows well on glucose but very poorly OD D-xylose. When a gene for D-xylulokinase (XYL3 or XKS1) is overexpressed, growth on glucose is unaffected, but growth on xylose is blocked. Spontaneous or chemically induced mutants of this engineered yeast that would grow on xylose could, however, be obtained. We therefore used insertional transposon mutagenesis to identify two loci that can relieve this xylose-specific growth inhibition. One is within the open reading frame (ORF) of PHO13, and the other is approximately 500 bp upstream from the TAL1 ORF. Deletion of PHO13 or overexpression of TAL1 resulted in a phenotype similar to the insertional mutation events. Quantitative PCR showed that deletion of PHO13 increased transcripts for TAL1, indicating that the growth inhibition imposed by the overexpression of XYL3 on xylose can be relieved by an overexpression of transcripts for downstream enzymes. These results may be useful in constructing better xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Labs, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Labs, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM067933, 5R01GM67933-3] NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2061 EP 2066 DI 10.1128/AEM.02564-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300004 PM 17277207 ER PT J AU D'lima, CB Miller, WG Mandrell, RE Wright, SL Siletzky, RM Carver, DK Kathariou, S AF D'lima, C. B. Miller, W. G. Mandrell, R. E. Wright, S. L. Siletzky, R. M. Carver, D. K. Kathariou, S. TI Clonal population structure and specific genotypes of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli from turkeys SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; BROILERS; SPP.; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; ANIMALS; STRAINS AB Commercial turkey flocks in North Carolina have been found to be colonized frequently with Campylobacter coli strains that are resistant to several antimicrobials (tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid). Such strains have been designated multidrug resistant (MDR). However, the population structure of MDR C. coli from turkeys remains poorly characterized. In this study, an analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence types (STs) of 59 MDR strains from turkeys revealed that the majority of these strains corresponded to one of 14 different STs, with three STs accounting for 41 (69%) of the strains. The major STs were turkey specific, and most (87%) of the strains with these STs were resistant to the entire panel of antibiotics mentioned above. Some (13%) of the strains with these STs were susceptible to just one or two of the antibiotics in this panel. Further subtyping using fla typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SmaI and KpnI revealed that the major MDR STs corresponded to strains of related but distinct subtypes, providing evidence for genomic diversification within these STs. These findings suggest that MDR strains of C. coli from turkeys have a clonal population structure characterized by the presence of a relatively small number of clonal groups that appear to be disseminated in the turkey production system. In addition, the observed correlation between STs and the MDR profiles of the microbes indicates that MLST-based typing holds potential for source-tracking applications specific to the animal source (turkeys) and the antimicrobial resistance profile (MDR status) of C. coli. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Campus Box 2764, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sophia_kathariou@ncsu.edu NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2156 EP 2164 DI 10.1128/AEM.02346-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300015 PM 17293500 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Korn, A AF Ravva, Subbarao V. Korn, Anna TI Extractable organic components and nutrients in wastewater from dairy lagoons influence the growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MANURE SLURRY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE CIDER; BEEF-CATTLE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; BACTERIA; REGROWTH AB The influence of nutrients in wastewater from dairy lagoons on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was monitored. Initially, the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in wastewater from which the competing native organisms had been removed by filter sterilization or autoclaving was compared with that in wastewater from which competing organisms had not been removed. Numbers of E. coli O157:H7 or E. coli ONT (O-nontypeable):H32 cells declined rapidly in filter-sterilized water and exhibited a slower decline in nonsterile water, while the organisms proliferated in autoclaved water. Subsequently, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 strains was monitored in 300 mu l of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with incremental proportions of filter-sterilized wastewater. E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli ONT:H32 strains failed to grow in filter-sterilized wastewater, and their growth was reduced incrementally with wastewater supplementation of LB broth. Consequently, the influence of organic extracts of wastewater on the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli ONT:H32 in reduced-strength LB was monitored, followed by scale-up tests in wastewater. Acidic and basic extracts inhibited growth of both strains, while the neutral aqueous extract improved growth. However, a scale-up with a threefold increase in the acidic components supplementing the wastewater did not result in any additional decline in numbers of E. coli O157:H7 cells. When protected inside a 300-kDa dialysis tube and exposed to diffusible components, E. coli O157:H7 survived longer, with a decimal reduction time of 18.1 days, compared to 3.5 days when inoculated directly into wastewater. Although wastewater can potentially provide nutrients to naturally occurring human pathogens, the chemical components, protozoa, and coliphages in wastewater can inhibit the growth of freshly introduced pathogens from manure. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM subba@pw.usda.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 7 BP 2191 EP 2198 DI 10.1128/AEM.02213-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 155KM UT WOS:000245576300019 PM 17308194 ER PT J AU Probst, C Njapau, H Cotty, PJ AF Probst, Claudia Njapau, Henry Cotty, Peter J. TI Outbreak of an acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004: Identification of the causal agent SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-SECTION FLAVI; SOUTH TEXAS; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; COTTON; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; SCLEROTIA; FUNGI; SOILS AB Maize contaminated with aflatoxins has been implicated in deadly epidemics in Kenya three times since 1981, but the fungi contaminating the maize with aflatoxins have not been characterized. Here we associate the S strain of Aspergillus flavus with lethal aflatoxicoses that took more than 125 lives in 2004. C1 Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, POB 210036, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 28 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 2762 EP 2764 DI 10.1128/AEM.02370-06 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 168RT UT WOS:000246542400044 PM 17308181 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Li, XL Dunlap, CA Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA AF Jordan, Douglas B. Li, Xin-Liang Dunlap, Christopher A. Whitehead, Terence R. Cotta, Michael A. TI Structure-function relationships of a catalytically efficient beta-D-xylosidase SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glycoside hydrolase; stereochemistry; substrate specificity; xylan; arabinofuranosidase ID GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; HYDROLYSIS; XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISMS; HYDROLASES; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB beta-D-Xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium is revealed as the best catalyst known (k(cat), k(cat)/K-m ) for promoting hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharides. H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance experiments indicate the family 43 glycoside hydrolase acts through an inversion mechanism on substrates 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4NPX) and 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose (X2). Progress curves of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylobioside, xylotetraose and xylohexaose reactions indicate that one residue from the nonreducing end of substrate is cleaved per catalytic cycle without processivity. Values of k(cat) and k(cat) / K-m decrease for xylooligosaccharides longer than X2, illustrating the importance to catalysis of subsites -1 and +1 and the lack there of subsite +2. Homology models of the enzyme active site with docked substrates show that subsites beyond -1 are blocked by protein and subsites beyond +1 are not formed; they suggest that D14 and E186 serve catalysis as general base and general acid, respectively. Individual mutations, D14A and E186A, erode k(cat) and k(cat)/K-m by < 10(3) and to a similar extent for substrates 4NPX and 4-nitrophenyl-(alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4NPA), indicating that the two substrates share the same active site. With 4NPX and 4NPA, pH governs k(cat) / K-m with pK(a) values of 5.0 and 7.0 assigned to D14 and E186, respectively. k(cat) (4NPX) has a pK(a) value of 7.0 and k(cat) (4NPA) is pH independent above pH 4.0, suggesting that the catalytically inactive, "dianionic" enzyme form (DA(-)E187(-)) binds 4NPX but not 4NPA. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jordand@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 141 IS 1 BP 51 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9210-8 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 167NX UT WOS:000246459500005 PM 17625266 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, JR Yu, J Bland, JM Nierman, WC Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Wilkinson, J. R. Yu, J. Bland, J. M. Nierman, W. C. Bhatnagar, D. Cleveland, T. E. TI Amino acid supplementation reveals differential regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357 and Aspergillus parasiticus SRRC 143 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P53 GENE; PATHWAY; TRYPTOPHAN; CLUSTER; LEAVES; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; TRANSCRIPTION; CONIDIATION; SEQUENCE AB Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate aflatoxin production, the biosynthesis of the toxin in A. flavus and A. parasticus grown in yeast extract sucrose media supplemented with 50 mM tryptophan (Tip) were examined. Aspergillus flavus grown in the presence of 50 mM tryptophan was found to have significantly reduced aflatoxin 131 and 132 biosynthesis, while A. parasiticus cultures had significantly increased 131 and G, biosynthesis. Microarray analysis of RNA extracted from fungi grown under these conditions revealed 77 genes that are expressed significantly different between A. flavus and A. parasiticus, including the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes aflD (nor-1), aflE (norA), and aflO (omtB). It is clear that the regulatory mechanisms of aflatoxin biosynthesis in response to Trp in A. flavus and A. parasiticus are different. These candidate genes may serve as regulatory factors of aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Cleveland, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1308 EP 1319 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0768-9 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 159VX UT WOS:000245896800017 PM 17216451 ER PT J AU Qin, JW Lu, RF AF Qin, Jianwei Lu, Renfu TI Measurement of the absorption and scattering properties of turbid liquid foods using hyperspectral imaging SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; instrument calibration; diffuse reflectance; optical properties; absorption; scattering; milk; juice; food ID TISSUE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STATE DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; IN-VIVO; CHROMOPHORE CONCENTRATIONS; FRUIT JUICES; MEDIA; SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTH; MILK; GLUCOSE AB A hyperspectral imaging system in line scanning mode was used for measuring the absorption and scattering properties of turbid food materials over the visible and near-infrared region of 530-900 nm. An instrumental calibration procedure was developed to compensate for the nonuniform instrument response of the imaging system. A nonlinear curve-fitting algorithm for a steady-state diffusion theory model was proposed to determine absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering coefficients (mu(s)') from the spatially resolved hyperspectral reflectance profiles. The hyperspectral imaging system provided good measurement of mu(a) and mu(s)' for the simulation samples made of Intralipid scattering material and three absorbers (blue dye, green dye, and black ink) with average fitting errors of 16% and 11%, respectively. The optical properties of the fruit and vegetable juices and milks were determined. Values of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient at 600 rim were highly correlated to the fat content of the milk samples with the correlation coefficient of 0.995 and 0.998, respectively. Compared to time-resolved and frequency-domain techniques, the hyperspectral imaging technique provides a faster and simpler means for measuring the optical properties of turbid food and agricultural products. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.1366/000370207780466190 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 154VY UT WOS:000245537200006 PM 17456257 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS AF Sohn, Miryeong Barton, Franklin E., II Himmelsbach, David S. TI Transfer of near-infrared calibration model for determining fiber content in flax: Effects of transfer samples and standardization procedure SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE standardization; calibration transfer; near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; preprocessing; flax fiber; piecewise direct standardization; PDS; double window piecewise direct standardization; DWPDS ID MULTIVARIATE INSTRUMENT STANDARDIZATION; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; PROCESSED FLAX; SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTS; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; SHIVE CONTENT AB The transfer of a calibration model for determining fiber content in flax stem was accomplished between two near-infrared spectrometers, which are the same brand but which require a standardization. In this paper, three factors, including transfer sample set, spectral type, and standardization method, were investigated to obtain the best standardization result. Twelve standardization files were produced from two sets of the transfer sample (sealed reference standards and a subset of the prediction set), two types of the transfer sample spectra (raw and preprocessed spectra), and three standardization methods (direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), and double window piecewise direct standardization (DWPDS)). The efficacy of the model transfer was evaluated based on the root mean square error of prediction, calculated using the independent prediction samples. Results indicated that the standardization using the sealed reference standards was unacceptable, but the standardization using the prediction subset was adequate. The use of the preprocessed spectra of the transfer samples led to the calibration transfers that were successful, especially for the PDS and the DWPDS correction. Finally, standardization using the prediction subset and their preprocessed spectra with DWPDS correction proved to be the best method for transferring the model. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM miryeong.sohn@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1366/000370207780466181 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 154VY UT WOS:000245537200009 PM 17456260 ER PT J AU Waldron, JD Lafon, CW Coulson, RN Cairns, DM Tchakerian, MD Birt, A Klepzig, KD AF Waldron, J. D. Lafon, C. W. Coulson, R. N. Cairns, D. M. Tchakerian, M. D. Birt, A. Klepzig, K. D. TI Simulating the impacts of southern pine beetle and fire on the dynamics of xerophytic pine landscapes in the southern Appalachians SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus frontalis; forest disturbance; forest restoration; LANDIS; landscape modeling; Pinus; vegetation dynamics ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; FOREST LANDSCAPES; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; HISTORY; LANDIS; MODEL; PATTERN; REGIMES AB Question: Can fire be used to maintain Yellow pine (Pinus subgenus Diploxylon) stands disturbed by periodic outbreaks of southern pine beetle? Location: Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Methods: We used LANDIS to model vegetation disturbance and succession on four grids representative of xeric landscapes in the southern Appalachians. Forest dynamics of each landscape were simulated under three disturbance scenarios: southern pine beetle, fire, and southern pine beetle and fire, as wel as a no disturbance scenario. We compared trends in the abundance of pine and hardwood functional types as well as individual species. Results: Yellow pine abundance and open woodland conditions were best maintained by a combination of fire and southern pine beetle disturbance on both low elevation sites as well as mid-elevation ridges & peaks. On mid-elevation SE-W facing slopes, pine woodlands were best maintained by fire alone. Conclusions: Our simulations suggest that fire can help maintain open pine woodlands in stands affected by southern pine beetle outbreaks. C1 Univ W Florida, Dept Environm Studies, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Waldron, JD (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Environm Studies, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. EM jwaldron@uwf.edu; clafon@tamu.edu; r-coulson@tamu.edu; cairns@tamu.edu; mtchakerian@tamu.edu; abirt@tamu.edu; kklepzig@fs.fed.us RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012; Cairns, David/F-3395-2014 OI Cairns, David/0000-0003-4110-196X NR 69 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1402-2001 EI 1654-109X J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1658/1402-2001(2007)10[53:STIOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 160IS UT WOS:000245934700007 ER PT J AU Rynne, NM Beresford, TP Kelly, AL Tunick, MH Malin, EL Guinee, TP AF Rynne, N. M. Beresford, T. P. Kelly, A. L. Tunick, M. H. Malin, E. L. Guinee, T. P. TI Effect of exopolysaccharide-producing adjunct starter cultures on the manufacture, composition and yield of half-fat cheddar cheese SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; MILK PASTEURIZATION TEMPERATURE; SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; CAPSULAR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOISTURE RETENTION AB The effect of exopolysacch a ride (EPS)-producing adjunct starter cultures on the manufacture, composition and yield of half-fat cheddar cheeses (similar to 16%, w/w, fat) was examined. Four replicate trials were undertaken, in each of which three batches of cheese were manufactured using either a control starter culture alone (CTRL), control starter plus a capsular EPS-producing (EPSCap) adjunct culture, or control starter plus a ropy EPS-producing (EPSRop) adjunct culture. Compared to the CTRL and EPSCap cultures, use of the EPSRop culture significantly improved rennet coagulation properties, reduced manufacturing time, and increased cheese moisture content (by similar to 1.8%, w/w), percentage of milkfat recovered in cheese (by similar to 2.5% of total milkfat) and the actual cheese yield (by similar to 0.25 kg/100 kg milk). In contrast, use of the EPSCap culture had little or no effect on the above parameters. C1 TEAGASC, Moorepk Food Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Cork, Ireland. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Guinee, TP (reprint author), TEAGASC, Moorepk Food Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. EM tim.guinee@teagasc.ie RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU DAIRY INDUSTRY ASSOC AUSTRALIA PI NORTH MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 351, NORTH MELBOURNE, VIC 3051, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9433 J9 AUST J DAIRY TECHNOL JI Aust. J. Dairy Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 167BN UT WOS:000246425700002 ER PT J AU Dudnikova, E Norkina, S Vlasov, A Slobodchuk, A Lee, LF Witter, RL AF Dudnikova, Ekaterina Norkina, Svetlana Vlasov, Anatoly Slobodchuk, Anna Lee, Lucy F. Witter, Richard L. TI Evaluation of Marek's disease field isolates by the "best fit" pathotyping assay SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINE VIRUSES; STRAIN; VIRULENCE; CHICKENS; EFFICACY AB Although determination of the pathotype is central to the study of Marek's disease (MD) field isolates, methods are not standardized and results from different laboratories may not compare well with the original Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory assay. This study was designed to investigate the validity of the '' best fit '' pathotyping assay, a simplified method recently described for testing of field isolates of MD virus (MDV). Twenty serotype I MDV strains were isolated from 12 breeder and commercial flocks in eight regions of the Russian Federation and were pathotyped by the best fit assay using vaccinated and nonvaccinated chickens from Schelkovo specific pathogen free breeders. Lesion responses induced by field isolates were compared with those induced by reference strains JM/102W, Md5, and 648A representing pathotypes v, vv and vv+, respectively. Based on comparison with reference strains, we determined the pathotype of eight isolates as vv+, 11 isolates as vv and one isolate as v. Lesion responses induced by the three reference strains consistently differentiated the respective pathotypes in non-vaccinated chickens and in chickens vaccinated with FC126 (serotype 3) alone or with a bivalent FC126 + 301 B/ 1 vaccine (serotypes 3 and 2, respectively). Variation between reference strain responses in replicate trials was minimal. In some cases, calculation of the proportional distance between pairs of reference strains aided in the classification of field isolates. These results indicate that the '' best fit '' pathotyping assay can be conducted with local chicken strains and, in the absence of statistical analysis, provides pathotype designations that are consistent with those obtained by the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory method. In addition, the pathogenicity of Russian isolates appeared comparable with that of United States isolates. C1 NARVAC R&D, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow, Russia. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dudnikova, E (reprint author), NARVAC R&D, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Gamalei Str 16, Moscow, Russia. EM dudnikova@narvae.com NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1080/03079450701209857 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 161AK UT WOS:000245986500008 PM 17479374 ER PT J AU Insuan, S Deowanish, S Klinbunga, S Sittipraneed, S Sylvester, HA Wongsiri, S AF Insuan, S. Deowanish, S. Klinbunga, S. Sittipraneed, S. Sylvester, H. A. Wongsiri, S. TI Genetic differentiation of the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) in Thailand analyzed by mitochondrial genes and microsatellites SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Apis dorsata; honey bee; genetic diversity; mtDNA; microsatellites ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; CERANA; DNA; MELLIFERA; POLYMORPHISM; MIGRATION; DIVERSITY; MUTATION; MODELS AB Genetic diversity and population differentiation of the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) in Thailand were examined. Six PCR-RFLP mitotypes were generated from digestion of the COI-COII, Cytb-tRNA(ser), ATPase6-8, and lrRNA genes with Dra I and Hin fI. Low genetic diversity (h=0.074, pi=0.032%) and a lack of genetic population differentiation between A. dorsata originating from geographically different regions were observed from mtDNA polymorphisms (P > 0.05). In contrast, microsatellite (A14, A24, and A88) polymorphisms revealed a relatively high level of genetic diversity in A. dorsata (H (o)=0.68-0.74, average number of alleles per locus=6.0-9.0). Both A24 and A88 indicated significant population differentiation between bees from the north-to-central region (north, northeast, and central regions), peninsular Thailand, and Samui Island. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Ctr Excellence Marine Biotechnol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Sittipraneed, S (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM ssiripor@netserv.chula.ac.th RI Klinbunga, Sirawut/F-5307-2011 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s10528-007-9079-9 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 149CO UT WOS:000245124400016 PM 17342419 ER PT J AU Keum, YS McQuate, GT Li, QX AF Keum, Young-Soo McQuate, Grant T. Li, Qing X. TI Synergists isolated from cade oil for the parapheromone alpha-ionol for male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera latifrons; cade oil; alpha-ionol; eugenol; isoeugenol; dihydroeugenol; parapheromone ID JUNIPERUS-OXYCEDRUS; ATTRACTANTS; ECOLOGY; BEETLE; WOOD AB The solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), is a tephritid fruit fly of the subfamily Dacinae which does not respond to male attractants attractive to most other members of this subfamily (methyl eugenol or cuelure). Male B. latifrons have been found to be attractive to alpha-ionol, with the attractancy synergistically enhanced by the addition of cade oil, a destructive distillation tar of Juniperus oxycedrus L. twigs. Solvent extracts and chromatographic fractions of cade oil were tested for attractancy enhancement for a-ionol to sexually mature B. latifrons in an outdoor olfactometer and macadamia nut orchard, and chemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately 220 chemicals were found in the hexane and base extracts. Profile comparison of GC-MS chromatograms and bioactivities between fractions indicated seven chemicals in cade oil likely to enhance the attractancy of alpha-ionol. These chemicals are 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol (isoeugenol), 2-allyl-6-methoxyphenol (o-eugenol), 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol (dihydroeugenol), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (isovanilin), 2-butenal (crotonaldehyde), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. Bioassays in an outdoor olfactometer and preliminary field trials of the authentic chemicals showed that eugenol, isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol enhanced a-ionol attractancy up to 1.3-2.1-fold (olfactometer) or 2.0-2.4-fold (field) compared to alpha-ionol alone when each of them was presented together with alpha-ionol. The identification of eugenol as a synergist for the attractiveness of alpha-ionol to B. latifrons helps to better place B. latifrons in the overall Dacinae male lure response pattern. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.014 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 157CK UT WOS:000245696000002 ER PT J AU King, DI Hernandez-Mayorga, MD Trubey, R Raudales, R Rappole, JH AF King, David I. Hernandez-Mayorga, Martin D. Trubey, Richard Raudales, Raul Rappole, John H. TI An evaluation of the contribution of cultivated allspice (Pimenta dioca) to vertebrate biodiversity conservation in nicaragua SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; allspice; amphibians; birds; conservation; mammals; reptiles; tropics ID CACAO PLANTATIONS; COSTA-RICA; COFFEE PLANTATIONS; SOUTHERN VERACRUZ; BIRD POPULATIONS; AVIAN DIVERSITY; PLANTED SHADE; WOOD THRUSH; MEXICO; FOREST AB Tropical deforestation has emerged as one of the most important conservation challenges of our time, both because of the high species diversity and rates of endemism of tropical forests, and because of the rapid rate at which this process is proceeding. Recent studies indicate that areas of low-intensity agroforestry have similar levels of vertebrate diversity as some primary habitats, leading some researchers and conservationists to conclude that this type of commodity production could contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. We compared the composition of bird, mammal and herpetofaunal communities in primary forest, secondary forest, and pasture-and within the allspice productive systems that have replaced pasture. We found that mammal species richness was higher in primary forest than all other habitats; however for resident and migrant birds, amphibians and reptiles, species richness was similar between primary forest and the other habitats. Despite similarities in overall numbers of species, there were numerous species that were encountered only in primary habitats. We conclude that the cultivation of allspice in a mixed productive system can offset some of the losses to biodiversity; however it should be complemented by the establishment and maintenance of protected areas to accommodate populations of primary forest specialists that are unable to persist in altered habitats. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Cooperat CoopeSiuna, Ecologo, Martin Domingo Mayorga, Siuna, Nicaragua. Mesoamer Dev Inst, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1320 DI 10.1007/s10531-006-9068-z PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162QJ UT WOS:000246103000031 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE McManus, ML Delalibera, I AF Hajek, Ann E. McManus, Michael L. Delalibera, Italo, Jr. TI A review of introductions of pathogens and nematodes for classical biological control of insects and mites SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogens; microbial control; pest management; introduction biological control; invasive species ID FUNGI; CALIFORNIA; AGENTS AB Compared with parasitoids and predators, classical biological control programs targeting arthropod pests have used pathogens and nematodes very little. However, some pathogens and nematodes that have been introduced have become established and provided excellent control and have been introduced in increasing numbers of areas over decades, often after distributions of pests have increased. We summarize 131 introductions, the majority of which have occurred since 1950. The most commonly introduced microorganisms have been fungi, viruses and nematodes, although microsporidia, bacteria and oomycetes have also been introduced; among these groups, viruses were the most successful in establishing followed by nematodes, fungi and microsporidia. All major orders of insects and pro-stigmatid mites have been targeted and in 63.6% of the programs the pests being targeted were invasive species and not native. Pathogens and nematodes yielded excellent success in establishment against sawflies and wood wasps (100% of programs) and 40-48% establishment among other host orders. Classical biological control has been used for long-term control of arthropod pests on islands almost as much as in mainland areas. It has been used most frequently in perennial systems and highest rates of establishment of arthropod pathogens and insect parasitic nematodes were documented from forests (63.0%) and tree crops (66.7%). One explanation for the low number of releases of arthropod pathogens and insect parasitic nematodes has been confusing and difficult regulations but recent changes and institution of the FAO's Code of Conduct is expected to improve scientists' ability to introduce microbial natural enemies for classical biological control. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Agr Zool, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, Brazil. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu RI Delalibera Jr., Italo/D-6186-2012 OI Delalibera Jr., Italo/0000-0001-9770-9216 NR 62 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.11.003 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 154SI UT WOS:000245527500001 ER PT J AU Phoofolo, MW Glies, KL Elliott, NC AF Phoofolo, Mpho W. Glies, Kristopher L. Elliott, Norman C. TI Quantitative evaluation of suitability of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, as prey for Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Schizaphis graminum; Rhopalosiphum padi; Hippodamia convergens; suboptimal prey levels; cereal aphids; predator; prey suitability; nutritive value; biological control ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; CEREAL APHIDS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; INDIGENOUS COCCINELLIDS; WINTER-WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; SEPTEMPUNCTATA; PREDATOR; FOOD; QUALITY AB The nutritive value of two cereal aphid species, Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, for Hippodamia convergens development was compared as pure- and mixed-species diets and as suboptimum and ad libitum quantities. Comparisons were based on the following daily aphid quantities and combinations: 4 mg R. padi, 4 mg S. graminum, 3:1 mg Mixture of R. padi and S. graminum, 2:2 mg mixture of R. padi and S. graminum, 1:3 mg mixture of R. padi and S. graminum, ad libitum R. padi, and ad libitum S. graminum. Preimaginal survival levels of H. convergens were high across all treatments and were neither influenced by aphid species, daily amounts of aphids, nor the mixtures supplied to the larvae. There was no diet effect on the sex ratio of individuals that developed to adulthood. Only the development time of fourth instars was significantly influenced by the larval prey regimes. Fourth instars fed ad libitum aphids had shorter development times that did not vary between aphid species. However, among the suboptimal aphid levels, fourth instars that fed on higher proportions of R. padi had longer development times. Both diet and gender of developing larvae had individual and interactive effects on the body size of adult H. convergens. Under ad libitum aphids feeding on R. padi resulted in smaller females whereas males showed no difference. Our results suggest that both R. padi and S. graminum are essential prey for H. convergens development with S. graminum being relatively more Suitable than R. padi. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Phoofolo, MW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mpho.phoofolo@okstate.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.017 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 154SI UT WOS:000245527500003 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA Miliczky, ER AF Arthurs, Steven P. Lacey, Lawrence A. Miliczky, Eugene R. TI Evaluation of the codling moth granulovirus and spinosad for codling moth control and impact on non-target species in pear orchards SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella granulovirus; toxicity; insect predators; parasitoids; integrated pest management ID WASHINGTON APPLE ORCHARDS; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; PROGRAM; RISK AB We compared the efficacy of a commercial preparation of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., granulovirus, CpGV (Cyd-X (R)) and spinosad (Entrust (R)) at operational rates for codling moth control in 2004 and 2005. Concurrently we monitored the impact of treatments on populations of non-target arthropods. Spinosad was effective at protecting fruit, with <= 1.6% codling moth injury in experimental plots, compared with up to 37% injury in the untreated plots at harvest. Mid-season outbreaks of the pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were also reduced in spinosad plots. Spinosad was safe for several predators, notably the psylla predator Deraeocoris brevis Uhler, but reduced the abundance of hymenopteran parasitoids by 24% and 40% and non-target Diptera by 49% and 35%, respectively in 2004 and 2005. We found no evidence that spinosad disrupted natural control leading to increased densities of secondary pests including aphids and phytophagous mites. CpGV was less effective than spinosad at protecting fruit, with percentage of fruits attacked similar to controls, but killed the majority (67-71%) of neonate coding moth larvae and did not harm non-target species. Additional observations were conducted in commercial orchards (mixed pear and apple) where CpGV and spinosad were used operationally against existing codling moth infestations. In pear, two spray programs applied in replicated 0.4 ha blocks (i.e. CpGV followed by spinosad against the first and second larval generations, respectively and vice versa) reduced fruit injury at harvest and decreased orchard pheromone monitoring trap catches by 74% over two years. In apple, CpGV was less effective at protecting fruit in the first larval generation compared with spinosad, although population suppression was effective early in the season. Spinosad caused no disruptions of beneficial species or secondary pest outbreaks were observed in the commercial orchards. Our results suggest CpGV and spinosad can be effectively used in integrated pest management for codling moth. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.01.001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 154SI UT WOS:000245527500012 ER PT J AU Smith, L AF Smith, Lincoln TI Physiological host range of Ceratapion basicorne, a prospective biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE host plant specificity; biological control; weed; invasive plant; risk assessment ID CHLOROPLAST DNA ANALYSIS; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; UNITED-STATES; CARDUEAE ASTERACEAE; COMBINED NUCLEAR; WEED; DELIMITATION; COLEOPTERA; APIONIDAE; SPECIFICITY AB Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) is a weevil native to Europe and western Asia that is being evaluated as a prospective classical biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Host plant specificity of the insect was evaluated in no-choice oviposition experiments. Feeding on leaf tissue by adult females was highly correlated to oviposition rate, both of which occurred primarily on plants in the tribe Cardueae, and especially those in the monophyletic subtribe Centaureinae. The highest rates of larval development occurred on Ce. solstinalis and Centaurea cyanus (bachelor's button, garden cornflower), and there was significant development on Centaurea melitensis (Napa starthistle, tocalote), Cnicus benedictus (blessed thistle), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), and Crupina vulgaris (common crupina). All the plants that supported some larval development are within a monophyletic clade within the Centaureinae. No native North American plants appear to be at risk of significant damage by this insect. Additional testing of safflower and bachelor's button under choice conditions should complement these results to help determine the degree to which these plants are at risk. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 84 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 120 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.015 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 154SI UT WOS:000245527500014 ER PT J AU Balciunas, J AF Balciunas, Joe TI Lixus cardui, a biological control agent for scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium): Safe for Australia, but not the USA? SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE host specificity; Lixas cardai; non-target impacts; Onopordum acanthium; potential host range; risk assessment; Scotch thistle; transfer project; weed biological control ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SPP. THISTLES; WEEVIL; WEEDS; COLEOPTERA; SELECTION; IMPACT AB Invasive exotic plants are often weeds in more than one country. After a biological control agent for a weed has been developed for use in one country, it is reasonable to consider using the same agent against the same weed in another country. 'Transfer Projects' can save considerable time and money, and they have been popular around the world. Lixus cardui Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a weevil from Europe, was first used by Australian researchers to control Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae). There are few close relatives of Scotch thistle in Australia, but that is not the case in North America, where scotch thistle is also an important weed. I initiated a project to test some of the agents released in Australia to see if they would be appropriate for release in the United States. Test plants, primarily Cirsium spp. thistles native to California, were exposed under both choice and no-choice conditions to two populations of L. cardui, one from Greece, the other from France. The latter may represent an undescribed species, and its test results are reported separately. Both strains of L. cardui weevils fed heavily and developed on some native North American thistles, at a level comparable to the target weed, Scotch thistle. Consequently, our laboratory colonies of L. cardui were terminated, and I will not seek its release in the United States. Even though, L. cardui has established well in Australia since its release in 1993, and dispersed widely there without causing problems, it is inappropriate to release it in the United States. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Balciunas, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joe@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.012 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 154SI UT WOS:000245527500015 ER PT J AU Jongejans, E Skarpaas, O Tipping, PW Shea, K AF Jongejans, Eelke Skarpaas, Olav Tipping, Philip W. Shea, Katriona TI Establishment and spread of founding populations of an invasive thistle: the role of competition and seed limitation SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Carduus acanthoides; founding populations; invasion; microsite limitation; neighborhood expansion; propagule pressure; seed limitation; stratified diffusion; weed ID CARDUUS-ACANTHOIDES L; NUTANS L; INVADING ORGANISMS; NEW-ZEALAND; DISPERSAL; CIRSIUM; PLANTS; SURVIVAL; INVADERS; BIOLOGY AB Successful plant invasions require both the founding and local spread of new populations. High plant densities occur only when founding plants are able to disperse their seeds well locally to quickly colonize and fill the new patch. We test this ability in a 7-year field experiment with Carduus acanthoides, an invasive weed in several North American ecosystems. Founder plants were planted in the center of 64 m(2) plots and we monitored the recruitment, distribution pattern, mortality, and seed production of the seedlings that originated from these founding plants. Competing vegetation was clipped not at all, once, or twice each year to evaluate the importance of interspecific competition. More seedlings recruited in the intermediate once-clipped plots, and these seedlings also survived better. The control plots had fewer microsites for seedling recruitment; clipping a second time in September stimulated grasses to fill up the gaps. The number of C. acanthoides recruits and their median distances from the founder plants were also explained by the initial seed production of the founding plants. Overall, the experiment shows that the success of founder plants can fluctuate strongly, as 55% of the plots were empty by the sixth year. Our study suggests that the local invasion speed following initial establishment depends strongly on both the propagule pressure and availability of suitable microsites for seedling recruitment and growth. C1 Penn State Univ, Muller Lab 208, Dept Biol & IGDP Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-0105 Oslo, Norway. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Miami Beach, FL 33140 USA. RP Jongejans, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Muller Lab 208, Dept Biol & IGDP Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM exj10@psu.edu RI Jongejans, Eelke/B-4832-2008; Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008; OI Jongejans, Eelke/0000-0003-1148-7419; Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248; Skarpaas, Olav/0000-0001-9727-1672 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9035-3 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 149EV UT WOS:000245130800007 ER PT J AU Siev, D AF Siev, David TI Reply to " Nauta JJP, Eliminating bias in the estimation of the geometric mean of HI titers" [Biologicals 2006;34(3): 183-6] SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Biometr Sect Leader, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Siev, D (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Biometr Sect Leader, 510 S 17th St, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM david.siev@aphis.usda.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.06.002 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 156TU UT WOS:000245673600010 PM 17070698 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Binversie, BN Muck, RE Weimer, PJ AF Shinners, Kevin J. Binversie, Benjamin N. Muck, Richard E. Weimer, Paul. J. TI Comparison of wet and dry corn stover harvest and storage SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; corn stover; ensiling; bales; harvest; storage; maize; dry matter losses AB Corn stover has great potential as a biomass feedstock, but harvest and storage of this material is challenged by weather conditions at harvest; material moisture; and equipment shortcomings. Field drying characteristics, harvest efficiency and rate, product bulk density, and storage characteristics were quantified for stover harvested and stored in wet or dry form. Only in one case did stover reach dry baling moisture (similar to 20%) in the first 4d of field drying. Conventional hay and forage harvesting equipment (shredder, rake, forage harvester, round baler, and square baler) produced an average harvested yield of about 30% of the total available stover mass. Harvesting capacity of this equipment was limited by difficulty in gathering shredded stover. The density of chopped or baled stover was less than that typically expected with hay and forage crops. Losses of wet stover ensiled at 44% moisture averaged 3.9% with low levels of fermentation products. Dry stover losses were 3.3% and 18.1% for bales stored indoors and outdoors, respectively. Harvesting wet stover right after grain harvest was timelier and resulted in a greater harvesting rate and yield compared to dry stover harvest. Storing wet stover by ensiling resulted in lower losses and more uniform product moisture compared to dry stover bales stored outdoors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu NR 16 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 4 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.007 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 151NR UT WOS:000245297900005 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Jenkins, BM Blunk, S AF Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Ruihong Jenkins, Bryan M. Blunk, Sherry TI Particleboard quality characteristics of saline Jose Tall Wheatgrass and chemical treatment effect SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jose Tall Wheatgrass; particleboard; polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate; urea formaldehyde; NaOH treatment; initial moisture content; density; quality; mechanical strength; water resistance; contact angle ID DENSITY PARTICLEBOARD; UF RESIN; STRAW; WOOD; ADHESIVES; BOARDS; GEL AB The objective of this research was to characterize the qualities (mechanical properties and water resistance) of particleboard made from saline Jose Tall Wheatgrass (JTW), Agropyron elongatum. For the JTW particleboards made with 4% polymeric methane dipherryl diisocyanate (PMDI), the mechanical properties and water resistance improved with the increase of particleboard density from 0.71 to 0.75 g/cm(3). The particleboards with density of 0.74g/cm(3) had similar mechanical properties of wood-based particleboards, except for lower internal bond strength. Among the particleboards made with particles of different initial moisture contents from 2% to 10%, the particleboard with the particles of 8% initial moisture content had the highest qualities. The pretreatment using NaOH solution to wash the JTW particles reduced the qualities of finished particleboards bonded with both PMDI and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins. Particle-boards made with PMDI showed superior qualities than those made with UF, as shown by the measured contact angle results between the adhesives and JTW. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Proc Foods Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zlpan@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1310 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.04.036 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 134GO UT WOS:000244071700022 PM 16806907 ER PT J AU Morris, MS AF Morris, Martha Savaria TI The association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in its reference range and bone status in postmenopausal American women SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; osteoporosis; menopause; thyroid; thyroid-stimulating hormone ID THYROTROPIN REFERENCE RANGE; SURVEY NHANES-III; MINERAL DENSITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; TSH; HYPERTHYROIDISM; DYSFUNCTION; ANTIBODIES; FRACTURE; SMOKING AB Evidence suggests that hyperthyroidism adversely affects bone, but the condition is rare and probably contributes little to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, which can result from treatment with L-thyroxine, is more common, but its relationship to osteoporosis and fracture is uncertain. A recent study of healthy, postmenopausal Koreans with no history of thyroid disease reported associations between both below-normal and low-normal circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and osteoporosis. These findings raise the hypothesis that variation in thyroid function, or TSH itself, affects bone in normal women. In the present research, we used data collected in the third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine associations between TSH, as it varies over its reference range, and bone status in healthy, postmenopausal American women. In some analyses, we used osteoporosis and osteopenia defined according to World Health Organization guidelines as the outcome variable. In others, we used bone mineral density (BMD) as a continuum. After adjustment for age, race/ ethnicity, body mass index, serum T-4, estrogen replacement therapy, smoking, and physical activity level, the odds ratios (95% CI) relating TSH between 0.39 and 1.8 mIU/L (the median of the reference range) versus TSH between 1.8 and 4.5 to osteoporosis and osteopenia were 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3-9.2) and 2.2 (1.2-3.8), respectively. Furthermore, BMD increased significantly as TSH increased over its reference range in both black and white women. After multivariate adjustment, least-square mean BMD for non-Hispanic white women in the bottom serum TSH quintile category was 0.79 g/cm(2) (95% CI, 0.76-0.82), as compared to 0.83 g/cm(2) (95% CI, 0.8-0.85) for those in the top quintile category. Least-square mean BMD (95% CI) for non-Hispanic black women in the bottom serum TSH quintile category was 0.85 g/cm(2) (95% CI, 0.81-0.89). For non-Hispanic black women in the top quintile category, least-square mean BMD was 0.94 g/cm(2) (95% CI, 0.88-0.99). These results may reflect the existence of clinically significant thyroid hyperfunction in women with serum TSH in the reference range. Alternatively, TSH itself may play a role in the preservation of bone after menopause. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu NR 38 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.001 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 153GI UT WOS:000245419800040 PM 17236836 ER PT J AU Friso, S Lamon-Fava, S Jang, H Schaefer, EJ Corrocher, R Choi, SW AF Friso, Simonetta Lamon-Fava, Stefania Jang, Hyeran Schaefer, Ernst J. Corrocher, Roberto Choi, Sang-Woon TI Oestrogen replacement therapy reduces total plasma homocysteine and enhances genomic DNA methylation in postmenopausal women SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE oestrogen replacement therapy; DNA methylation; homocysteine; cancer risk; folate; vitamin B(12); vitamin B(6) ID S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; HUMAN-COLON; CANCER; HYPOMETHYLATION; FOLATE; BETA; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; REMETHYLATION; INCREASE; TRIAL AB Although oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT), which can affect the risk of major cancers, has been known to reduce total plasma homocysteine concentrations in postmenopausal women, the mechanisms and subsequent molecular changes have not yet been defined. To investigate the effect of ERT on homocysteine metabolism, thirteen healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study consisting of two 8-week long phases, placebo and conjugated equine oestrogen (CEE; 0.625 mg/d). Concentrations of total plasma homocysteine, vitamin B(6) and serum folate and vitamin B(12) were measured by conventional methods. Genomic DNA methylation was measured by a new liquid chromatography/MS method and promoter methylation status of the oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ER beta and p16 genes was analysed by methylation-specific PCR after bisulfite treatment. The CEE phase demonstrated a significantly decreased mean of total plasma homocysteine concentrations compared with the placebo phase (8.08 mu mol/l (6.82-9.39) v. 9.29 (7.53-11.35), P<0.05) but there was no difference in the blood concentrations of the three B vitamins. The CEE phase also showed a significantly increased genomic DNA methylation in peripheral mononuclear cells compared with the placebo phase (2.85 (SD 0.12) ng methylcytosine/mu g DNA v. 2.40 +/- (SD 0.15) P< 0.05). However, there was no difference in promoter methylation in the ER alpha, ER beta and p16 genes This study demonstrates that decreased homocysteinaemia by CEE therapy parallels with increased genomic DNA methylation, suggesting a potential new candidate mechanism by which ERT affects the risk of cancers and a possible new candidate biomarker for the oestrogen-related carcinogenesis through folate-related one-carbon metabolism. C1 Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin GB Rossi, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Policlin GB Rossi, Ple LA Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 03 209]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R21AA016681-01] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1017/S0007114507433013 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 155AR UT WOS:000245550400005 PM 17349072 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Ordovas, JM Moreno, JA Moreno, R Fuentes, F Ruano, J Gomez, P Marin, C Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, Pablo Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Ordovas, Jose Maria Moreno, Juan Antonio Moreno, Rafael Fuentes, Francisco Ruano, Juan Gomez, Purificacion Marin, Carmen Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI The APOB-516C/T polymorphism is associated with differences in insulin sensitivity in healthy males during the consumption of diets with different fat content SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrigenetics; apolipoprotein B polymorphism; monounsaturated fatty acids; insulin sensitivity ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; B GENE; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; SERUM; LIPIDS; CARBOHYDRATE; METAANALYSIS; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE AB Several apo B polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as markers for CHD in the population and for potential gene-diet interactions. Our aim was to determine whether the presence of the -516C/T polymorphism in the APOB gene promoter modifies insulin sensitivity to dietary fat. We studied fifty-nine healthy volunteers (thirty men and twenty-nine women, thirty-six homozygotes for the -516C allele (C/C) (nineteen males and seventeen females) and twenty-three heterozygotes for the -516T allele (C/T) (eleven males and twelve females)). Subjects consumed three diets during the feeding study, 4 weeks each: an SFA-rich diet (38 % fat, 20 % SFA), followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30 % fat, 55 % CHO) or a MUFA-rich diet (38 % fat, 22 % MUFA) following a randomised cross-over design. For each diet, we investigated peripheral insulin sensitivity with the insulin suppression test. Male carriers of the -516T allele showed a significantly greater decrease in steady-state plasma glucose concentrations when changing from the SFA-rich diet (9.18 (So 1.35) mmol/l) to the MUFA (6.55 (SD 0.74) mmol/l) or the CHO (6.31 (So 0.93) mmol/l) diets than did those who were homozygous for the C allele (P=0.040). Furthermore, C/T subjects presented higher plasma NEFA values after consumption of the SFA diet compared with the MUFA and CHO diets (P=0.001). This effect was not observed in females (P=0.908). Our findings show that male carriers of the -516T allele, C/T, have a significant increase in insulin resistance after consumption of all diets, but the difference is more exaggerated after the SFA diet compared with the MUFA- and CHO-rich diets. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unit Lipids & Atherosclerosis, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Martinez, P (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unit Lipids & Atherosclerosis, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM pablopermar@yahoo.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ruano, Juan/0000-0002-0286-4107; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1017/S0007114507659005 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 155AR UT WOS:000245550400006 PM 17349073 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Rowley, DL Weber, DC Payton, ME Hawthorne, DJ AF Greenstone, M. H. Rowley, D. L. Weber, D. C. Payton, M. E. Hawthorne, D. J. TI Feeding mode and prey detectability half-lives in molecular gut-content analysis: an example with two predators of the Colorado potato beetle SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla; DNA half-life; gut analysis; Leptinotarsa; PCR; Podisus ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HEMIPTERA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENERALIST PREDATORS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INVERTEBRATE PREDATION; SECONDARY PREDATION; PRECIPITIN TEST; CONTENT ELISA; SPIDERS AB The time during which prey remains are detectable in the gut of a predator is an important consideration in the interpretation of molecular gut-content data, because predators with longer detectability times may appear on the basis of unweighted data to be disproportionately important agents of prey population suppression. The rate of decay in delectability, typically expressed as the half-life, depends on many variables; one that has not been explicitly examined is the manner in which the predator processes prey items. The influence of differences in feeding mode and digestive physiology on the half-life of DNA for a single prey species, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is examined in two predators that differ dramatically in these attributes: the pink ladybeetle, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), which feeds by chewing and then ingesting the macerated material into the gut for digestion; and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), which physically and enzymatically processes the prey extra-orally before ingestion and further digestion in the gut. In order to standardize the amount of DNA consumed per predator, a single L. decemlineata egg was used as the prey item; all predators were third instars. The PCR assay yields estimated prey DNA half-lives, for animals maintained under field temperatures, of 7.0 h in C. maculata and 50.9 h in P. maculiventris. The difference in the prey DNA half-lives from these two predators underscores the need to determine detectabilities from assemblages of predators differing in feeding mode and digestive physiology, in order to weight positives properly, and hence determine the predators' relative impacts on prey population suppression. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 36 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1017/S000748530700497X PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163IQ UT WOS:000246153700009 PM 17411483 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Smith, S AF Moore, M. T. Lizotte, R. E., Jr. Smith, S., Jr. TI Responses of Hyalella azteca to a pyrethroid mixture in a constructed wetland SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CENTRAL VALLEY; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; CALIFORNIA; ATRAZINE; DDT C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9135-5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 189DV UT WOS:000247970500013 PM 17476448 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, Karen K. TI Morphological and molecular studies on Resinicium s. str. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ITS spacer region; 18S rRNA; astrocystidia; halocystidia; Odontia bicolor ID FUNGI; BICOLOR; APHYLLOPHORALES; BASIDIOMYCOTINA; TRANSLOCATION; CORTICIACEAE; PHYLOGENY; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; HAWAII AB Resinicium Parmasto is typified by Resinicium bicolor (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Parm., (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), a readily recognized and widely distributed corticioid, lignicolous species in the northern hemisphere. Five new species of Resinicium closely allied to R. bicolor from the Caribbean region are described and illustrated: Resinicium confertum Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium monticola Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium mutabile Nakasone, sp. nov., Resinicium rimulosum Nakasone, sp. nov., and Resinicium tenue Nakasone, sp. nov. In addition, R. bicolor and Resinicium friabile Hjortstam & Melo are redescribed and illustrated. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region support the recognition of the new taxa. Further, nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence data support the recognition of two groups of Resinicium species: the Resinicium s. str. group, including R. bicolor, and the Resinicium s.l. group that includes Resinicium furfuraceum (Bres.) Parm. The genus Resinicium is redefined and a key to the Resinicium s. str. species is provided. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison Field Off, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison Field Off, No Res Stn, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM knakasone@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 4 BP 420 EP 436 DI 10.1139/B07-035 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 192SY UT WOS:000248224500008 ER PT J AU Morin, RS Liebhold, AM Tobin, PC Gottschalk, KW Luzader, E AF Morin, Randall S. Liebhold, Andrew M. Tobin, Patrick C. Gottschalk, Kurt W. Luzader, Eugene TI Spread of beech bark disease in the eastern United States and its relationship to regional forest composition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD STANDS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AMERICAN BEECH; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; NEW-YORK; INVASIONS; MORTALITY; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB Beech bark disease (BBD) is an insect-fungus complex involving the beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.) and one of two canker fungi. Beech scale was introduced to Halifax, Nova Scotia around 1890, presumably with the fungus Neonectria coccinea var. faginata Lohm. The disease has subsequently spread through a large portion of the range of beech. We used historical maps of the extent of the advancing BBD front (defined by presence of scale insects) in North America to estimate its rate of spread as 14.7 +/- 0.9akm/year. This estimate did not account for stochastic "jumps" by the scale insects to several disjunct locations; therefore, this rate is a conservative estimate. Comparison of the year of scale colonization with beech density did not suggest a relationship between the scale spread rate and beech density. Our analyses also indicated that BBD has invaded less than 30% of regions where beech is present, but it has invaded most of the regions where beech is a dominant component of stands. Despite regional increases in beech mortality following invasion, considerable amounts of live beech remain in invaded areas. Moreover, the volume of beech has increased in most areas, though generally at lower rates than that observed for associated tree species. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Morin, RS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM rsmorin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 71 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 726 EP 736 DI 10.1139/X06-281 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 197RF UT WOS:000248573100003 ER PT J AU McEwan, RW Hutchinson, TF Ford, RD McCarthy, BC AF McEwan, Ryan W. Hutchinson, Todd F. Ford, Robert D. McCarthy, Brian C. TI An experimental evaluation of fire history reconstruction using dendrochronology in white oak (Quercus alba) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SCAR FORMATION; CUMBERLAND PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAINS; OHIO; USA; REGENERATION; RECRUITMENT AB Dendrochronological analysis of fire scars on tree cross sections has been critically important for understanding historical fire regimes and has influenced forest management practices. Despite its value as a tool for understanding historical ecosystems, tree-ring-based fire history reconstruction has rarely been experimentally evaluated. To examine the efficacy of dendrochronological analysis for detecting fire occurrence in oak forests, we analyzed tree cross sections from sites in which prescribed fires had been recently conducted. The first fire in each treatment unit created a scar in at least one sample, but the overall percentage of samples containing scars in fire years was low (12%). We found that scars were created by 10 of the 15 prescribed fires, and the five undetected fires all occurred in sites where fire had occurred the previous year. Notably, several samples contained scars from known fire-free periods. In summary, our data suggest that tree-ring analysis is a generally effective tool for reconstructing historical fire regimes, although the following points of uncertainty were highlighted: (i) consecutive annual burns may not create fire scars and (ii) wounds that are morphologically indistinguishable from fire scars may originate from nonfire sources. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP McEwan, RW (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ryan.mcewan@uky.edu NR 66 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1139/X06-294 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 197RF UT WOS:000248573100010 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Heidenreich, MC Lakso, AN Pritts, MP AF Turechek, W. W. Heidenreich, M. C. Lakso, A. N. Pritts, M. P. TI Estimation of the impact of leaf scorch on photosynthesis and "physiological-lesion" size in strawberry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Diplocarpon earlianum; strawberry; epidemiology; disease management; virtual lesion; physiological lesion ID VEGETATIVE GROWTH; YIELD; LEAVES; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; RUST; DEFOLIATION; EFFICIENCY; REDUCTION; DAMAGE AB The impact of strawberry leaf scorch, caused by Diplocarpon earlianum, on net CO(2) assimilation (A) and transpiration (E) rates was determined for both greenhouse- and field-grown plants. In the greenhouse, strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) plants were inoculated with an aqueous suspension of D. earlianum (1 x 10(5) conidia/mL) and placed in environmental conditions to generate a range of disease severities. Photosynthesis measurements on individual leaflets of greenhouse-grown plants ('Kent') were taken in a biotron under saturating light conditions. Photosynthesis was also measured on leaflets in a naturally infected field planting of 'Jewel' in 2003. Leaf-scorch severity ranged from 0% to nearly 100% on individual leaflets. Strong negative linear correlations were found between the proportion of leaflet area with visual symptoms and A, E, and water-use efficiency (WUE = A/E). "Physiological-lesion" size was estimated to be 1.6 and 2.1 for greenhouse-grown and field-grown plants, respectively, meaning that the total area of leaflet tissue affected by leaf scorch was 1.6-2.1 times larger than the leaflet area showing visual symptoms of the disease. The larger physiological lesion found in field-grown plants may be due to field-associated stress factors or cultivar variability. The results have application for establishing guidelines for the management of foliar diseases of strawberry. C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Plant Pathol Agr Res Serv, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM william.turechek@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 214LU UT WOS:000249740100006 ER PT J AU Maynard, CL Lawrence, RL Nielsen, GA Decker, G AF Maynard, Catherine Lee Lawrence, Rick L. Nielsen, Gerald A. Decker, Gorden TI Ecological site descriptions and remotely sensed imagery as a tool for rangeland evaluation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; MANAGEMENT; SOILS; REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM; VIDEO AB We classified Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) satellite imagery within ecological site descriptions to identify spectrally anomalous locations and determine whether these correlated with anomalous ground locations. Sites located in the Montana plains were classified by their departure from mean values in tasseled cap brightness, greenness, and wetness components, stratified by ecological site description. The classification had 98% overall accuracy in identifying locations that were or were not outside the norm in productivity and exposed soil for their ecological site description. Success was explained by the high correlations between field measures of productivity and exposed soil compared with tasseled cap components. Using this modeling technique might help rangeland managers identify sites needing more detailed field inventory and ( or) management attention. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Lawrence, RL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, POB 173490, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rickl@montana.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 180GL UT WOS:000247350900005 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Yaeger, MJ AF Hamir, Amir N. Miller, Janice M. Yaeger, Michael J. TI Neuronal vacuolation in an adult ferret SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; RABIES AB The brain of a ferret showing abnormal neurologic signs was evaluated by histopathologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examinations. Extensive neuronal vacuolation was observed. Since the brain was negative for protease-resistant protein prion (PrPres), it was concluded that this was not a case of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD APR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 4 BP 389 EP 391 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 159NY UT WOS:000245874200005 PM 17494365 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Schares, G Ortega-Mora, LM AF Dubey, J. P. Schares, G. Ortega-Mora, L. M. TI Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FOXES VULPES-VULPES; VIRAL-DIARRHEA VIRUS; AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS; BUFFALOS BUBALUS-BUBALIS; BOVINE-LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; IN-VITRO ISOLATION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII ANTIBODIES; NATURALLY INFECTED-DOG; POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE AB Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemioloy and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet Sci, SALUVET, Dept Anim Hlth, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Ortega-Mora, Luis-Miguel/F-1470-2016; OI Ortega-Mora, Luis-Miguel/0000-0002-4986-6783; Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X NR 506 TC 449 Z9 472 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 323 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.00031-06 PG 46 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 162AO UT WOS:000246058900006 PM 17428888 ER PT J AU Le Bacquer, O Mauras, N Welch, S Haymond, M Darmaun, D AF Le Bacquer, Olivier Mauras, Nelly Welch, Susan Haymond, Morey Darmaun, Dominique TI Acute depletion of plasma glutamine increases leucine oxidation in prednisone-treated humans SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutrition; stress; protein wasting; stable isotopes; humans ID AMINO-ACID; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; METABOLISM; KINETICS; DEPRIVATION; PROTEOLYSIS; SYNTHETASE; STATE; VEIN AB Background, aims & methods: To determine whether depletion in plasma glutamine worsens the catabolic response to corticosteroids, seven healthy volunteers received oral prednisone for 6 days on two separate occasions, at least 2 weeks apart, and in random order. On the sixth day of each treatment course, they received 5 h intravenous infusions of L-[1-C-14]-leucine and L-[1-C-13]-glutamine in the postabsorptive state (1) under baseline conditions (prednisone only day) and (2) after 24 h of treatment with phenylbutyrate (prednisone+phenylbutyrate day), a glutamine chelating agent. Results: Phenylbutyrate treatment was associated with (1) an approximate to 15% decline in plasma glutamine concentration (627 +/- 39.vs. 530 +/- 31 mu mol l(-1); P<0.05), (2) no change in leucine appearance rate, an index of protein breakdown. (124 +/- 9 vs. 128 +/- 9 mu mol kg(-1)h(-1); NS) nor in non-oxidative leucine disposal, an index of whole body protein synthesis (94 +/- 9 vs. 91 +/- 7 mu mol kg(-1)h(-1); NS), and (3) a approximate to 25% rise in leucine oxidation (30 +/- 1 vs. 38 +/- 2 mu mol kg(-1)h(-1), P<0.05), despite an approximate to 25% decline (P<0.05) in leucine concentration. Conclusions: In a model of mild, stress-induced protein catabolism, depletion of plasma glutamine per se may worsen branched chain amino acid and protein wasting. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. C1 Hop Hotel Dieu, UMR Physiol Adaptat Nutr 1280, INRA, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. Nemours Childrens Clin, Div Endocrinol, Jacksonville, FL USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, INSERM, U539, Nantes, France. RP Darmaun, D (reprint author), Hop Hotel Dieu, UMR Physiol Adaptat Nutr 1280, INRA, 2eme Etage Aile Nord, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. EM ddarmaun@chu-nantes.fr FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000585-280998, M01 RR000585-310998, M01 RR000585-320998, M01 RR000585-300998, M01 RR000585-290998, M01 RR000585-270998]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK051477, R01 DK051477-02, R01 DK-51477] NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.09.010 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 165VG UT WOS:000246333500007 PM 17097772 ER PT J AU Bethke, P Libourel, I Jones, R AF Bethke, P. Libourel, I. Jones, R. TI Rebirth and death: Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in seeds SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 4 SU S MA 11 BP S56 EP S56 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.043 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 157VD UT WOS:000245748600012 ER PT J AU Denlinger, D Li, A Rinehart, J AF Denlinger, D. Li, A. Rinehart, J. TI Heat shock proteins are critical for insect winter survival SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ARS, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 4 SU S MA 8 BP S151 EP S152 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.307 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 157VD UT WOS:000245748600252 ER PT J AU Wang, D He, JM Knuteson, JA AF Wang, D. He, J. M. Knuteson, J. A. TI DripFume: A Visual Basic program for simulating distribution and atmospheric volatilization of soil fumigants applied through drip irrigation SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fumigation; drip irrigation; shank injection; volatile organic chemicals; graphical user interface ID 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE AB A Windows-based graphical user interface program (DripFume) was developed in MS Visual Basic (VB) to utilize a two-dimensional multi-phase finite element pesticide transport model to simulate distribution and emission of volatile fumigant chemicals when applied through drip irrigation or shank injection. The program provides an intuitive user interface by linking databases with default soil and chemical properties to predict subsurface distribution patterns and surface volatilization losses of soil fumigants under selected field configurations and application regimes. The interface program was configured to simulate up to three chemicals simultaneously to accommodate the need of fumigation with multiple chemicals. Physical and chemical properties of cis- and transisomers of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin for a typical medium-textured soil were given as default values in the model input. Properties of other soil fumigants can be easily substituted as input options during program initialization. A database containing transport properties of 12 soil groups (from clay to sand) were created in DripFume as selectable sets of input values. Substitution is also allowed if properties of an individual soil are known. The VB output includes a normalized run-time volatilization flux display and selections in post-processing using MS Excel linked by V B. Output options from the post-processing VB/Excel program include data and graphs of cumulative volatilization loss, volatilization flux density, concentration profile by time for a selected location or by location for selected lapsed times after fumigant application. Although there are still limitations in selectable field configurations, the program should be useful in helping pesticide specialists, farm managers, or policy makers to optimize the depth, rate, and duration of fumigant application to achieve the highest possible distribution uniformity and the lowest volatilization loss.(c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. Pipeline Syst Inc, Concord, CA USA. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA USA. EM wangd@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.01.008 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 162MU UT WOS:000246092700003 ER PT J AU Miyasaka, SC Hansen, JD Fukumoto, GK AF Miyasaka, Susan C. Hansen, James D. Fukumoto, Glen K. TI Resistance to yellow sugarcane aphid: Screening kikuyu and other grasses SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Sipha flava; Pennisetum clandestinum; insect resistance; forage; turf grasses ID SIPHA-FLAVA; PENNISETUM-CLANDESTINUM; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; HOMOPTERA; SORGHUM; GROWTH; MECHANISMS; DEFENSE; LEAVES; DAMAGE AB Kikuyu grass, Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., is an important pasture species in many subtropical areas. Infestations of yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA), Sipha flava (Forbes) (Homoptera: Aphididae), have reduced kikuyu forage production in Hawaii. A novel method was developed to screen cultivars of kikuyu, and species of other forage and turf grasses for resistance to YSA. Kikuyu germplasm differed significantly in response to YSA with certain kikuyu hybrids more resistant to YSA than the common cultivar. However, even the kikuyu cultivars with the lowest damage ratings were considered only to be moderately resistant to YSA. Other forage grass species differed significantly in YSA damage, with Pacific fountain [Pennisetum macrostachys (Brongn.) Trin.], dallis (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), torpedo (Panicum repens L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), signal [Urochloa bizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster, formerly known as Brachiaria decumbens], bahia (Paspalum notatum Flugge), small buffalo (Panicum coloratum L.), velvet (Holcus lanatus L.), and switch (Panicum virgatum? L.) grasses considered to be resistant to YSA. Turf grass species also differed significantly in YSA injury, with seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), St. Augustine [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], and Japanese lawn (Zoysia japonica Steud.) grasses evaluated as resistant. Reduction of pasture forage by YSA could be ameliorated either by utilization of moderately tolerant kikuyu hybrids or resistant forage grass species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Kona Extens Off, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Kealakekua, HI 96750 USA. RP Miyasaka, SC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM miyasaka@hawaji.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.022 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 139DP UT WOS:000244412800008 ER PT J AU Miyasaka, SC Hansen, JD McDonald, TG Fukumoto, GK AF Miyasaka, Susan C. Hansen, James D. McDonald, Ty G. Fukumoto, Glen K. TI Effects of nitrogen and potassium in kikuyu grass on feeding by yellow sugarcane aphid SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Sipha flava; Pennisetum clandestiman; insect resistance; plant nutrition ID PENNISETUM-CLANDESTINUM; POPULATION-GROWTH; HOMOPTERA; FERTILIZATION; RESISTANCE; PREFERENCE; HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; SEASON AB In Hawaii, infestations of yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA), Sipha flava (Forbes) (Homoptera: Aphididae) reduced growth of the forage grass, kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov). To determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on tolerance of kikuyu grass to YSA, cuttings of eight and five cultivars were grown in the greenhouse using nutrient solutions in two separate trials, respectively. The first trial was conducted during the summer of 1991 and the second during the winter of 1993. In both trials, kikuyu was grown at three N levels (0.05, 0.5 and 3.0 mM) and four K levels (0.05, 0.5 1.0 and 3.0 mM), with one cultivar comprising a block. Prior to exposure to aphids, representative plants were harvested, and shoots were analyzed for foliar nutrients. Then, plants were confined with aphids and rated visually for YSA injury. Dry matter yields and foliar N concentration increased significantly with increasing N fertilization in both trials. In the first trial, there was a significant interaction between N and K levels, in which the greatest increases of shoot and root dry matter with increasing N levels were found at the highest K level. In the second trial, K fertilization had no effect on dry weight of shoots. In both trials, foliar K concentration increased significantly with increasing K levels. Damage due to YSA tended to increase with increasing N levels, although it was unaffected by K fertilization in both trials. Thus, fertilization with increasing N resulted in greater kikuyu dry matter production, but it also tended to increase the damage caused by YSA feeding. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Univ Hawaii, Kona Extens Off, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Kealakekua, HI 96750 USA. Univ Hawaii, Kona Extens Off, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Miyasaka, SC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, 875 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM miyasaka@hawaii.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.023 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 139DP UT WOS:000244412800009 ER PT J AU Klose, S Ajwa, HA Fennimore, SA Martin, FN Browne, GT Subbarao, KV AF Klose, Susanne Ajwa, Husein A. Fennimore, Steve A. Martin, Frank N. Browne, Greg T. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Dose response of weed seeds and soilborne pathogens to 1,3-D and chloropicrin SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; soilborne pathogens; weed control; lethal concentrations 50 and 90 ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION; SOIL; MIXTURES; TOMATO; FUMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; FUMIGANTS; EFFICACY AB InLine (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA), a commercial formulation of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; 61%) plus chloropicrin (33%), is one of the potential replacements to methyl bromide for soil fumigation. The efficacy of 12 InLine concentrations (80-19,520 mu mol kg(-1)) to control five species of weed seeds and four soilborne pathogens was evaluated in a laboratory dose-response study after 24 h of exposure to fumigants in a sandy loam soil at 20 degrees C in microcosms. Logistic dose response models were used to estimate the effective concentration to reduce weed seed and pathogen viability by 50% (LC50) or 90% (LC90). Among the weeds, the seed of Portulaca oleracea was the most sensitive to soil fumigation with InLine (LC50 = 352 mu mol kg(-1), LC90 = 583 mu mol kg(-1)), followed by Stellaria media and Polygonum arenastrum with LC90 values of 780 and 16.36 mu mol kg(-1) soil, respectively. The seeds of Atalva parviflora and Erodium cicutarium were not sensitive to fumigation up to the highest InLine dose of 19,520 mu mol kg(-1) soil. Among the pathogens, Pythium ultimum (LC50 = 30 mu mol kg(-1) soil, LC90 = 46 mu mol kg(-1) soil) was the most sensitive and Verticillium dohliae (LC50 = 625 mu mol kg(-1) soil, LC90 = 2735 mu mol kg(-1) soil) was the least sensitive to InLine fumigation. Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium ovysporum exhibited intermediate susceptibility to this soil treatment (LC50 <= 397 mu mol kg(-1) soil, LC90 <= 1113 mu mol kg(-1) soil). In this sandy loam soil, InLine at a concentration of 1636 mu mol kg(-1) reduced the viability of Portulaca oleracea, S. media, Polygonum arenastrum seeds and all fungi pathogens tested (except for V. dahliae) by 90% at 20 degrees C after 24 h exposure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ajwa, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM haajwa@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.05.004 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 139DP UT WOS:000244412800013 ER PT J AU Kinay, P Mansour, MF Gabler, FM Margosan, DA Smilanick, JL AF Kinay, Pervin Mansour, Monir F. Gabler, Franka Mlikota Margosan, Dennis A. Smilanick, Joseph L. TI Characterization of fungicide-resistant isolates of Penicillium digitatum collected in California SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE imazalil; ortho-phenylphenot; sodium ortho-phenylphenate; pyrimethanil; thiabendazole; Penicillium digitatum; green mould of citrus; fungicide resistance ID CITRUS GREEN MOLD; DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY; THIABENDAZOLE-RESISTANT; LEMON PACKINGHOUSES; RELATIVE FITNESS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; P-ITALICUM; IMAZALIL; STRAINS; FRUIT AB Isolates of Penicillium digitatian, cause of citrus green mould, were collected in California from infected fruit from packing houses or groves. The fungicide sensitivity of 166 isolates to imazalil (IMZ), thiabenclazole (TBZ), sodium ortho-phenylphenate (SOPP), and pyrimethanil (PYR) were determined. All of these fungicides except PYR were in use in packing houses. None were used in groves. Isolates resistant to IMZ, TBZ, and SOPP occurred within packing houses but not in groves. Many were simultaneously resistant to two or more fungicides. Resistance to PYR was found only in three isolates from relatively isolated groves in northern California. The EC50 levels of IMZ and SOPP among resistant isolates varied, while those resistant to TBZ were primarily of one level. The colony colour, lesion expansion rate and days to sporulate on infected lemons, and the magnitude of sporulation were determined for many isolates. Some minor alterations in colony colour and a slightly reduced lesion size occurred among fungicide-resistant isolates, particularly those resistant to more than one fungicide. Lemons were inoculated with a mixture of conidia from one sensitive and one resistant isolate in equal portions, and then conidia were collected one week later from lesions. The resistant isolates were all resistant to IMZ and some were also resistant to SOPP and TBZ. The proportion of IMZ-sensitive and -resistant conidia was determined and comprised the inoculum to initiate a subsequent decay cycle. A total of 28 pairs of sensitive and resistant isolates were evaluated over four cycles. IMZ-resistant conidia declined rapidly in 26 pairs; few or no IMZ-resistant conidia were present after four cycles. In two pairs the resistant conidia persisted over four cycles with little decline, which suggests that in the absence of IMZ use some resistant isolates may persist for long periods. All of the fungicides would effectively control green mould on fruit arriving from groves with incipient infections, because sensitive isolates predominate there, however, control of infections initiated within packing houses, where resistant isolates predominate, remains a difficult problem. The recently introduced PYR controls resistant isolates that now occur in packing houses, but resistance to this fungicide, which was detected in three isolates from locations where PYR had not been used, indicates it must be used with good resistance management practices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Ege Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jsmilanick@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Kinay Teksur, Pervin/0000-0002-9903-9129 NR 51 TC 64 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.06.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 139DP UT WOS:000244412800028 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Van, K Premakumar, R Tallury, SP Herman, EM AF Livingston, David P., III Van, Kyujung Premakumar, Ramaswamy Tallury, Shyamalrau P. Herman, Eliot M. TI Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model to study subzero acclimation in small grains SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; cold-acclimation; freezing tolerance; winter hardiness; gene regulation; subzero-acclimation; nuclear pycnosis; nucleolus; phloem; oat (Avena sativa); winter cereals ID PLANT COLD-ACCLIMATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; 2ND PHASE; STRESS; OAT; DROUGHT; CROWNS AB The suitability of using Arabidopsis as a model plant to investigate freezing tolerance was evaluated by observing similarities to winter cereals in tissue damage following controlled freezing and determining the extent to which Arabidopsis undergoes subzero-acclimation. Plants were grown and frozen under controlled conditions and percent survival was evaluated by observing re-growth after freezing. Paraffin embedded sections of plants were triple stained and observed under light microscopy. Histological observations of plants taken I week after freezing showed damage analogous to winter cereals in the vascular tissue of roots and leaf axels but no damage to meristematic regions. The LT50 of non-acclimated Arabidopsis decreased from about -6 degrees C to a minimum of about - 13 degrees C after 7 days of cold-acclimation at 3 degrees C. After exposing cold-acclimated plants to -3 degrees C for 3 days (subzero-acclimation) the LT50 was lowered an additional 3 degrees C. Defining the underlying mechanisms of subzero-acclimation in Arabidopsis may provide an experimental platform to help understand winter hardiness in economically important crop species. However, distinctive histological differences in crown anatomy between Arabidopsis and winter cereals must be taken into account to avoid misleading conclusions on the nature of winter hardiness in winter cereals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.12.004 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 162OF UT WOS:000246096500003 PM 17316598 ER PT J AU Liu, HM He, YJ Jiang, HX Peng, HS Huang, XQ Zhang, XH Thomashow, LS Xu, YQ AF Liu, Haiming He, Yanjing Jiang, Haixia Peng, Huasong Huang, Xianqing Zhang, Xuehong Thomashow, Linda S. Xu, Yuquan TI Characterization of a phenazine-producing strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72 with broad-spectrum antifungal activity from green pepper rhizosphere SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENS 2-79; BACTERIA; ACID; PYOLUTEORIN; IDENTIFICATION; SUPPRESSION; BIOCONTROL; ASSAY; ROT AB A new Pseudomonas strain, designated GP72, was isolated from green pepper rhizosphere and identified as a member of species Pseudomonas chlororaphis based on morphology; conventional biochemical and physiologic tests; Biolog GN system (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA); and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The secondary metabolites produced by this strain have shown broad-spectrum antifungal activity against various phytopathogens of agricultural importance in vitro. Two main antifungal substances produced by this strain proved to be phenazine-l-carboxylic acid and 2-hydroxyphenazine with further purification and structure elucidation based on ultraviolet-absorbent spectrum scanning, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) spectrum, and H-1, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrums. Strain GP72 could produce quorum-sensing signaling molecules of N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, which were found to accumulate with different quantities in King's medium B and pigment producing medium, respectively. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Minist Educ, Lab Microbial Metab, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Xu, YQ (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Minist Educ, Lab Microbial Metab, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM xuyq@sjtu.edu.cn NR 25 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0444-4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 154KK UT WOS:000245505700011 PM 17334842 ER PT J AU Ow, DW AF Ow, David W. TI GM maize from site-specific recombination technology, what next? SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SELECTABLE MARKER GENE; FREE TRANSGENIC PLANTS; AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; MAT VECTOR SYSTEM; CRE RECOMBINASE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEDIATED RECOMBINATION; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERAN INSECTS AB The term plant genetic engineering has long conveyed a highly efficient and precise process for the manipulation of plant genomes. For nearly two decades, research on recombinasebased applications has steadily advanced the surgical capabilities of plant genome rearrangements. Once considered interesting laboratory exercises, a first crop plant derived from this type of DNA acrobatics is heading to market. Originally configured for a specific application, to remove a selectable marker, it could be the first of more to come - and not just market-free plants. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM david_ow@berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.02.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 164WR UT WOS:000246266000004 PM 17353124 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Ordovas, JM AF Tai, E. Shyong Ordovas, Jose M. TI The role of perilipin in human obesity and insulin resistance SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE metabolic syndrome; nutrigenomics; obesity; perilipin; women ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; GENOME-WIDE SEARCH; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; 11482G-GREATER-THAN-A POLYMORPHISM; LIPID-METABOLISM; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; WEIGHT-LOSS; FAT; PROTEINS; GENES AB Purpose of review More than 1.1 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. We know that obesity is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Although hundreds of obesity candidate genes have been identified through different metabolic pathways, the fundamental basis of obesity resides with excessive storage of triacylglycericles in adipose tissue. Recent findings The mechanisms that control the storage and release of triacylglycerides in lipid droplets are complex and poorly understood; yet, they are likely to be crucial to the understanding of the regulation of body weight. In this regard, the family of perilipin, adipophilin and TIP47 proteins may play key roles in obesity. It has recently been shown that variants at the perilipin locus were associated with BMI and obesity risk in females from several population studies. Moreover, the reported interactions between perilipin and dietary factors may shed light on the complex relation between dietary intake and body weight changes observed on an individual basis. Summary These findings support an important role for PLIN as a candidate gene for obesity risk in humans as well as a modulator of dietary response to therapies aimed to reduce body weight and decrease metabolic syndrome risk. C1 Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 276692, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tai, ES (reprint author), Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Block 6,Level 6,Room B35,Outram Rd, Singapore 276692, Singapore. EM eshyong@pacific.net.sg OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK075030] NR 37 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328086aeab PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 153TA UT WOS:000245456900005 PM 17353663 ER PT J AU Ming, R Moore, PH AF Ming, Ray Moore, Paul H. TI Genomics of sex chromosomes SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLANT Y-CHROMOSOME; MADS BOX GENE; HUMAN X-CHROMOSOME; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; DIOECIOUS PLANT; DETERMINATION LOCUS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; DETERMINING REGIONS; FLOWERING PLANTS; ORYZIAS-LATIPES AB Sex chromosomes in plants and animals are distinctive, not only because of their gender-determining role but also for genomic features that reflect their evolutionary history. The genomic sequences in the ancient sex chromosomes of humans and in the incipient sex chromosomes of medaka, stickleback, papaya, and poplar exhibit unusual features as consequences of their evolution. These include the enormous palindrome structure in human MSY, a duplicated genomic fragment that evolved into a Y chromosome in medaka, and a 700 kb extra telomeric sequence of the W chromosome in poplar. Comparative genomic analysis of ancient and incipient sex chromosomes highlights common features that implicate the selection forces that shaped them, even though evolutionary origin, pace, and fate vary widely among individual sex-determining systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu RI Jamilena, Manuel/K-3331-2014 OI Jamilena, Manuel/0000-0001-7072-0458 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 16 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.01.013 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 155JG UT WOS:000245573100004 PM 17300986 ER PT J AU Holland, JB AF Holland, James B. TI Genetic architecture of complex traits in plants SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; FLOWERING-TIME; INBRED LINES; F-1 HYBRID; MAIZE; LOCI; QTL; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION; EPISTASIS AB Genetic architecture refers to the numbers and genome locations of genes that affect a trait, the magnitude of their effects, and the relative contributions of additive, dominant, and epistatic gene effects. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping techniques are commonly used to investigate genetic architectures, but the scope of inferences drawn from QTL studies are often restricted by the limitations of the experimental designs. Recent advances in experimental and statistical procedures, including the simultaneous analysis of QTL that segregate in diverse germplasm, should improve genetic architecture studies. High-resolution QTL mapping methods are being developed that may define the specific DNA sequence variants underlying QTL. Studies of genetic architecture, combined with improved knowledge of the structure of plant populations, will impact our understanding of plant evolution and the design of crop improvement strategies. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 35 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 58 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.01.003 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 155JG UT WOS:000245573100009 PM 17291822 ER PT J AU Shi, ZD Huang, YM Liu, Z Liu, Y Li, XW Proudman, JA Yu, RC AF Shi, Z. D. Huang, Y. M. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, X. W. Proudman, J. A. Yu, R. C. TI Seasonal and photoperiodic regulation of secretion of hormones associated with reproduction in Magang goose ganders SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magang goose ganders; photoperiod; seasonal reproduction; hormones ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; THYROID-FUNCTION; PROLACTIN; THYROXINE; PHOTOREFRACTORINESS; TESTOSTERONE; BIRDS; RELEASE; TURKEYS; GONADS AB This study examined the reproductive endocrine profile under natural and artificial photoperiods in Magang goose ganders. Group 1 ganders (n = 8) served as non-treated controls and were exposed to natural photoperiod throughout the experiment from 13th January to 17th December 2004. Group2 ganders (n = 8) were exposed to 18 h long daily photoperiod for 60 days from 13 January till 15 March 2004 and again to 16 h photoperiod for 75 days till 10th October 2004, and the 11 h short photoperiod in the remainder periods of the experiment. In control ganders, plasma LH concentrations were high in normal breeding seasons (August-March) and decreased to low levels in non-breeding season from April to July. Testosterone concentrations changed similarly to that of LH throughout the seasons. Seasonal pattern of PRL concentrations was opposite to those of LH and testosterone, with low values in breeding season and high values in non-breeding season. In artificial photoperiod treated,ganders, increasing photoperiod increased PRL and decreased LH and testosterone concentrations, while decreasing photoperiod reversed these changes. There were no seasonal or photoperiod caused changes in plasma T3 concentrations in both control ganders and artificial photoperiod treated ganders. These results demonstrated that in Magang goose ganders that long photoperiod stimulates PRL secretion and decreases LH secretion, which terminates reproductive season in spring and early summer, and short photoperiod stimulates LH secretion and inhibits PRL secretion rendering ganders enter into reproductive season. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 S China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. Zhongkai Univ Agr & Technol, Fac Life Sci, Guangzhou 510600, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. S China Agr Univ, Fac Life Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. RP Shi, ZD (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. EM zdshi@scau.edu.cn NR 29 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.03.002 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 140YH UT WOS:000244542300004 PM 16626919 ER PT J AU Ocon-Grove, OM Maddineni, S Hendricks, GL Elkin, RG Proudman, JA Ramachandran, R AF Ocon-Grove, Olga M. Maddineni, Sreenivasa Hendricks, Gilbert L., III Elkin, Robert G. Proudman, John A. Ramachandran, Ramesh TI Pituitary progesterone receptor expression and plasma gonadotrophin concentrations in the reproductively dysfunctional mutant restricted ovulator chicken SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; gonadotrophin; progesterone receptor; restricted ovulator ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HEN GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; NON-LAYING HENS; ENDOGENOUS HYPERLIPIDEMIA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; ARTERIAL LESIONS; TURKEY HENS AB Female mutant restricted ovulator (RO) chickens of the White Leghorn strain carry a naturally occurring single nucleotide mutation in the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) gene. Due to this mutation, RO hens fail to express a functional VLDLR protein on the oocyte membrane, which results in an impaired uptake of circulating yolk precursor macromolecules. Mutant RO hens subsequently develop hyperlipidemia and generally fail to lay eggs due to follicular atresia. Since RO hens also reportedly have three-fold higher basal plasma estrogen concentrations, combined with fourfold lower levels of circulating progesterone as compared to wild-type (WT) hens, we hypothesized that RO hens would have an increased abundance of pituitary progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA and PR isoforms A and B as well as alterations in circulating gonadotrophin levels. Quantitative PCR assays revealed significantly greater (P <= 0.05) pituitary PR mRNA abundance in RO hens as compared to WT hens. Similarly, pituitary PR isoforms A and B quantities were significantly greater (P <= 0.05) in the RO hens compared to WT hens. In addition, mutant RO hens had significantly greater plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrone, and estradiol, but lower circulating progesterone levels. Collectively, elevated circulating estrogen and/or decreased progesterone levels may have contributed to the upregulation of PR mRNA and PR isoforms A and B in the RO hen pituitary gland. Lastly, in order to gain a more complete understanding of why RO hens are reproductively dysfunctional, a model is proposed that links humoral and ovarian factors to observed and putative changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramachandran, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 213 Henning Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM RameshR@psu.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.03.003 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 140YH UT WOS:000244542300005 PM 16677794 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Del Grosso, SJ Parton, WJ AF Adler, Paul R. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Parton, William J. TI Life-cycle assessment of net greenhouse-gas flux for bioenergy cropping systems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biofuel; carbon sequestration; greenhouse gas (GHG); life-cycle assessment; nitrous oxide ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS; REED CANARYGRASS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; CO2 EMISSIONS; HYBRID POPLAR; MANAGEMENT AB Bioenergy cropping systems could help offset greenhouse gas emissions, but quantifying that offset is complex. Bioenergy crops offset carbon dioxide emissions by converting atmospheric CO(2) to organic C in crop biomass and soil, but they also emit nitrous oxide and vary in their effects on soil oxidation of methane. Growing the crops requires energy ( e. g., to operate farm machinery, produce inputs such as fertilizer) and so does converting the harvested product to usable fuels (feedstock conversion efficiency). The objective of this study was to quantify all these factors to determine the net effect of several bioenergy cropping systems on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. We used the DAYCENT biogeochemistry model to assess soil GHG fluxes and biomass yields for corn, soybean, alfalfa, hybrid poplar, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass as bioenergy crops in Pennsylvania, USA. DAYCENT results were combined with estimates of fossil fuels used to provide farm inputs and operate agricultural machinery and fossil-fuel offsets from biomass yields to calculate net GHG fluxes for each cropping system considered. Displaced fossil fuel was the largest GHG sink, followed by soil carbon sequestration. N(2)O emissions were the largest GHG source. All cropping systems considered provided net GHG sinks, even when soil C was assumed to reach a new steady state and C sequestration in soil was not counted. Hybrid poplar and switchgrass provided the largest net GHG sinks, > 200 g CO(2)e-C(.)m(-2) (.) yr(-1) for biomass conversion to ethanol, and > 400 g CO(2)e-C(.)m(-2) (.) yr(-1) for biomass gasification for electricity generation. Compared with the life cycle of gasoline and diesel, ethanol and biodiesel from corn rotations reduced GHG emissions by similar to 40%, reed canarygrass by similar to 85%, and switchgrass and hybrid poplar by similar to 115%. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management, Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management, Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM paul.adler@ars.usda.gov NR 72 TC 312 Z9 317 U1 19 U2 217 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 675 EP 691 DI 10.1890/05-2018 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TS UT WOS:000245744500005 PM 17494388 ER PT J AU Hiers, JK O'Brien, JJ Will, RE Mitchell, RJ AF Hiers, J. Kevin O'Brien, Joseph J. Will, Rodney E. Mitchell, Robert J. TI Forest floor depth mediates understory vigor in xeric Pinus palustris ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE duff accumulation; fire; forest floor; litter; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; restoration; sandhill community; structural equation modeling ID HARDWOOD REDUCTION TECHNIQUES; LONGLEAF PINE; HYDROCOTYLE-BONARIENSIS; PITYOPSIS-GRAMINIFOLIA; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEM; SPECIES COMPOSITION; NORTHWEST FLORIDA; PONDEROSA FOREST; SOIL FERTILITY AB Longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris) woodlands and savannas are among the most frequently burned ecosystems in the world with. re return intervals of 1-10 years. This. re regime has maintained high levels of biodiversity in terms of both species richness and endemism. Land use changes have reduced the area of this ecosystem by > 95%, and inadequate. re frequencies threaten many of the remnants today. In the absence of frequent. re, rapid colonization of hardwoods and shrubs occurs, and a broad-leaved midstory develops. This midstory encroachment has been the focus of much research and management concern, largely based on the assumption that the midstory reduces understory plant diversity through direction competition via light interception. The general application of this mechanism of degradation is questionable, however, because midstory density, leaf area, and hardwood species composition vary substantially along a soil moisture gradient from mesic to extremely xeric sites. Reanalysis of recently reported data from xeric longleaf pine communities suggests that the development of the forest floor, a less conspicuous change in forest structure, might cause a decline in plant biodiversity when forests remain unburned. We report here a test of the interactions among. re, litter accumulation, forest floor development, and midstory canopy density on understory plant diversity. Structural equation modeling showed that within xeric sites, forest floor development was the primary factor explaining decreased biodiversity. The only effects of midstory development on biodiversity were those mediated through forest floor development. Boundary line analysis of functional guilds of understory plants showed sensitivity to even minor development of the forest floor in the absence of. re. These results challenge the prevailing management paradigm and suggest that within xeric longleaf pine communities, the primary focus of managed. re regime should be directed toward the restoration of forest floor characteristics rather than the introduction of high-intensity. res used to regulate midstory structure. C1 Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hiers, JK (reprint author), Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. EM khiers@jonesctr.org RI Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 NR 52 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.1890/06-1015 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TS UT WOS:000245744500015 PM 17494398 ER PT J AU Marin-Spiotta, E Ostertag, R Silver, WL AF Marin-Spiotta, E. Ostertag, R. Silver, W. L. TI Long-term patterns in tropical reforestation: Plant community composition and aboveground biomass accumulation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abandoned pastures; biomass; carbon; Prestoea acuminata var. montana; Puerto Rico; reforestation; secondary forests; secondary succession; Syzygium jambos; Tabebuia heterophylla; tropical forests ID LAND-USE HISTORY; LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; SECONDARY FORESTS; CARBON ACCUMULATION; ABANDONED PASTURES; COSTA-RICA; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY AB Primary tropical forests are renowned for their high biodiversity and carbon storage, and considerable research has documented both species and carbon losses with deforestation and agricultural land uses. Economic drivers are now leading to the abandonment of agricultural lands, and the area in secondary forests is increasing. We know little about how long it takes for these ecosystems to achieve the structural and compositional characteristics of primary forests. In this study, we examine changes in plant species composition and aboveground biomass during eight decades of tropical secondary succession in Puerto Rico, and compare these patterns with primary forests. Using a well-replicated chronosequence approach, we sampled primary forests and secondary forests established 10, 20, 30, 60, and 80 years ago on abandoned pastures. Tree species composition in all secondary forests was different from that of primary forests and could be divided into early (10-, 20-, and 30-year) vs. late (60- and 80-year) successional phases. The highest rates of aboveground biomass accumulation occurred in the first 20 years, with rates of C sequestration peaking at 6.7 +/- 0.5 Mg C (.) ha(-1) (.) yr(-1). Reforestation of pastures resulted in an accumulation of 125 Mg C/ha in aboveground standing live biomass over 80 years. The 80 year-old secondary forests had greater biomass than the primary forests, due to the replacement of woody species by palms in the primary forests. Our results show that these new ecosystems have different species composition, but similar species richness, and significant potential for carbon sequestration, compared to remnant primary forests. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Marin-Spiotta, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, USDA ARS, Room 2125,800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM aurios@nature.berkeley.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013; OI Marin-Spiotta, Erika/0000-0001-7343-9354 NR 67 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 828 EP 839 DI 10.1890/06-1268 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TS UT WOS:000245744500017 PM 17494400 ER PT J AU Vogt, P Riitters, KH Iwanowski, M Estreguil, C Kozak, J Soille, P AF Vogt, Peter Riitters, Kurt H. Iwanowski, Marcin Estreguil, Christine Kozak, Jacek Soille, Pierre TI Mapping landscape corridors SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE corridors; forest fragmentation; spatial pattern; morphological image processing ID CONNECTIVITY; SKELETONS AB Corridors are important geographic features for biological conservation and biodiversity assessment. The identification and mapping of corridors is usually based on visual interpretations of movement patterns (functional corridors) or habitat maps (structural corridors). We present a method for automated corridor mapping with morphological image processing, and demonstrate the approach with a forest map derived from satellite imagery of northern Slovakia. We show how the approach can be used to differentiate between relatively narrow ('line') and wide ('strip') structural corridors by mapping corridors at multiple scales of observation, and indicate how to map functional corridors with maps of observed or simulated organism movement. An application to environmental reporting is demonstrated by assessing structural forest corridors in relation to forest types in northern Slovakia. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. SO Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Control & Ind Elect, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Spatial Data Infrastruct Unit, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Vogt, P (reprint author), European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit, TP 261,Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM peter.vogt@jrc.it RI Iwanowski, Marcin/C-8685-2009; Kozak, Jacek/D-5570-2013 OI Iwanowski, Marcin/0000-0001-8347-1112; NR 30 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.001 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141NM UT WOS:000244585600021 ER PT J AU Winker, K McCracken, KG Gibson, DD Pruett, CL Meier, R Huettmann, F Wege, M Kulikova, IV Zhuravlev, YN Perdue, ML Spackman, E Suarez, DL Swayne, DE AF Winker, Kevin McCracken, Kevin G. Gibson, Daniel D. Pruett, Christin L. Meier, Rose Huettmann, Falk Wege, Michael Kulikova, Irina V. Zhuravlev, Yuri N. Perdue, Michael L. Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. Swayne, David E. TI Movements of birds and avian influenza from Asia into Alaska SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; NORTH-AMERICA; HONG-KONG; H5N1; DUCKS; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; HUMANS; AFLP AB Asian-origin avian influenza (AI) viruses are spread in part by migratory birds. In Alaska, diverse avian hosts from Asia and the Americas overlap in a region of intercontinental avifaunal mixing. This region is hypothesized to be a zone of Asia-to-America virus transfer because birds there can mingle in waters contaminated by wild-bird-origin Al viruses. Our 7 years of Al virus surveillance among waterfowl and shorebirds in this region (1998-2004; 8,254 samples) showed remarkably low infection rates (0.06%). Our findings suggest an Arctic effect on viral ecology, caused perhaps by low ecosystem productivity and low host densities relative to available water. Combined with a synthesis of avian diversity and abundance, intercontinental host movements, and genetic analyses, our results suggest that the risk and probably the frequency of intercontinental virus transfer in this region are relatively low. C1 Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Yukon Delta Nacl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. Russian Acad Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Winker, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffksw@uaf.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 39 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 20 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200004 PM 17553268 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Setamou, M Armstrong, JS Coleman, RJ Liu, TX AF Greenberg, S. M. Sappington, T. W. Setamou, M. Armstrong, J. S. Coleman, R. J. Liu, T. -X. TI Reproductive potential of overwintering, F-1, and F-2 female boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; survival; development; reproduction; seasonal variation ID SOUTHERN TEXAS; COTTON; DIAPAUSE; SURVIVAL; OVIPOSITION; WINTER AB The feeding and oviposition activity of overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), and seasonal fluctuations in development, survival, and reproduction of progeny of overwintering and first- and second-generation boll weevil females were determined in the laboratory at 27 degrees C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) b. During the cotton-free period in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, female boll weevils without access to cotton resorb their unlaid eggs and enter reproductive diapause. However, when they were provided daily with greenhouse-grown cotton squares, commencement of oviposition began after 7, 15, or 20 d, depending on when they were captured. Females captured later in the winter fed longer before laying eggs than those captured in the early fall, suggesting that it may take females longer to terminate diapause the longer they have been dormant. The rate of feeding by females was significantly less during the winter months, and this may have affected the rate of diet-mediated termination of dormancy. Females of the first and second generations after the over-wintering generation produced a significantly higher percentage of progeny surviving to adulthood and a higher proportion of these progeny were females. Offspring development time from overwintering female parents was significantly longer than that from first and second generations under the same laboratory conditions. The total number of lifetime eggs produced by females of the second generation during the cotton-growing season were approximate to 9.9-fold higher than for overwintering females and 1.5-fold higher than for first-generation females. Life table calculations indicated that the population of second-generation boll weevils increased an average of 1.5-fold higher each generation than for females of the first generation and 22.6-fold higher than for overwintering females. Our data showed variation in boll weevil survival, development, and reproductive potential among the overwintering and first- and second-generation females, suggesting inherent seasonal fluctuations in these parameters. C1 USDA ARS, Benef Insect Res Unit, Kita Dela Garza SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Benef Insect Res Unit, Kita Dela Garza SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[256:RPOOFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800002 PM 17445359 ER PT J AU Duncan, RE Ulmer, BJ Pena, JE Lapointe, SL AF Duncan, Rita E. Ulmer, Bryan J. Pena, Jorge E. Lapointe, Stephen L. TI Reproductive biology of Fidiobia dominica (Hymenoptera : Platygastridae), an egg parasitoid of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE classical biological control; citrus integrated pest managment; oviposition; reproduction; nutrition ID APROSTOCETUS-VAQUITARUM HYMENOPTERA; HAITIENSIS HYMENOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY; EULOPHIDAE; FLORIDA; CITRUS; TEMPERATURE; WEEVILS; PLANTS AB The reproductive biology of Fidiobia dominica Evans (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was studied in the laboratory (25.6 +/- 1 degrees C) using host eggs of Diaprepes abbreviatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). F dominica readily parasitized D. abbreviatus eggs on both host plant and wax paper substrates. The number of egg masses parasitized and the number of offspring produced were higher when females were offered more than one host egg mass but did not differ when either two or three egg masses were offered. Female parasitoids that were provided with host eggs and a honey food source lived significantly longer than those that were not provided a food source; however, they did not parasitize more D. abbreviatits eggs. Oviposition occurred in host eggs from 0 to 7 d old, and host mortality was relatively consistent for eggs 0-5 d old and lower for eggs 6-7 d old. Successful parasitoid emergence seldom occurred after host eggs were 4 d old, and by 7 d, no adults successfully emerged. Developmental time from egg to adult was 19.3 +/- 0.2 d for males, significantly more rapid than the females (20.4 +/- 0.1 d). The mean longevity of adult females was 8.0 +/- 0.4 d, with a mean oviposition period of 2.7 +/- 0.3 d; males survived 8.1 +/- 0.4 d. The demographic parameters including intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), generation time (T), and net reproduction (R-o) were 0.142/d, 22 d, and 22.4 female eggs/d, respectively. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Pena, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM jepe@ifas.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[376:RBOFDH]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800015 PM 17445372 ER PT J AU Mathews, CR Brown, MW Bottrell, DG AF Mathews, Clarissa R. Brown, Mark W. Bottrell, Dale G. TI Leaf extrafloral nectaries enhance biological control of a key economic pest, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), in peach (Rosales : Rosaceae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation biological control; Grapholita molesta; Prunus persica; Formicidae; extrafloral nectaries ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; NATURAL ENEMIES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; IMPACT; ANTS AB Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in many plant species produce sugary secretions that commonly attract ants. This research determined the impact of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) EFNs on the biological control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a key economic pest in peach orchards, and studied interactions of EFNs and ants. Studies (2002-2005) in peach orchards of the mid-Atlantic United States showed that 'Lovell' peach trees with EFNs supported more parasitic Hymenoptera in the spring and increased the parasitism of G. molesta larvae later in the season than those trees without EFNs. Ant exclusion experiments revealed that trees with EFNs harbored fewer G. molesta larvae when ants were permitted access to the tree canopies. Furthermore, the trees with EFNs had approximate to 90% less fruit injury by G. molesta, indicating that EFNs have a protective role for the fruit as well. The results show that the combined actions of ants and parasitic Hymenoptera confer an EFN-mediated protective effect spanning the whole fruit growing season. When EFNs are present, naturally occurring biological control agents can reduce damage by G. ittolesta in peach orchards without insecticide inputs. The EFNs are an important host-plant characteristic that should be retained in future peach cultivar selections as a means of enhancing biological control. C1 Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25433 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mathews, CR (reprint author), Shepherd Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Shepherdstown, WV 25433 USA. EM cmathews@shepherd.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[383:LENEBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800016 PM 17445373 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE AF Cottrell, Ted E. TI Predation by adult and larval lady beetles (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on initial contact with lady beetle eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intraguild predation; Coleomegilla maculata; Cycloneda munda; Harmonia axyridis; Hippodamia convergens; Olla v-nigrum ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; HIPPODAMIA-CONVERGENS COLEOPTERA; INTRA-GUILD PREDATION; APHIDOPHAGOUS LADYBIRDS; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; POPULATION-DENSITY; PALLAS COLEOPTERA; SWEET CORN; CANNIBALISM AB Naive adults and larvae of the native lady beetles Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Cycloneda munda (Say), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), and the exotic lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were tested for their initial response to eggs of these five lady beetle species and for egg consumption on first contact and after 3 h. Additionally, field-collected O. v-nigrum and H. axyridis adults were tested. C. maculata, H. axyridis, and O. v-nigrum adults responded similarly to all egg species on first contact. Higher numbers of C. munda adults did not eat C. maculata, H. convergeris, and O. v-nigrum eggs on first contact compared with numbers that did eat C. munda and H. axyridis eggs. H. convergens adults always ate C. munda eggs but hardly ate H. axyridis eggs on first contact. Results showed that over the 3-h interval, egg predation by those predators feeding on first contact was always higher, except for adults and larvae of C. maculata, than for those that did not feed on first contact. Thus, acceptance of eggs on initial contact does impact egg survival. It is likely that eggs of all native species tested (i.e., C. maculata, C. munda, H. convergens, and O. v-nigrum), but not exotic H. axyridis eggs, are suitable food for C. maculata, H. convergens, and O. v-nigrum, whereas only C. munda eggs serve as suitable food for C. munda. In direct contrast, all egg species tested would likely serve as suitable food for the exotic H. axyridis. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM tcottrell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 390 EP 401 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[390:PBAALL]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800017 PM 17445374 ER PT J AU Pitts-Singer, TL AF Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. TI Olfactory response of megachilid bees, Osmia lignaria, Megachile rotundata and M-pugnata, to individual cues from old nest cavities SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; olfactory cues; solitary bees; Y-tube bioassay ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ALMOND ORCHARDS; CELL PRODUCTION; APPLE ORCHARDS; HYMENOPTERA; POLLINATOR; RECOGNITION; YIELDS AB The megachilid bees Osmia lignaria Say, Megachile rotundata (F.), and M. pugnata Say were tested for attraction to various components associated with their old nest cavities, or chemical extracts of these components, using a Y-tube olfactory response bioassay. Female bees of these species are known to nest in or near old nest cavities, implying that remnant nest components are important cues for bees looking for nest cavities. Significant results show that female bees were attracted to components that may provide species-specific cues or indicate conspecific nesting activity. Specifically, O. lignaria females showed attraction only to the female cocoon. M. rotundata females were attracted to intact nest cells, the fecal material on the outside of a cocoon, leaf pieces used as nest cell lining, and the extract of leaf pieces. M. pugnata females were attracted to the whole nest cell, the paper straw nesting material with attached cocoon, and feces. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Syst Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pitts-Singer, TL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Syst Lab, Dept Biol, UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tsinger@biology.usu.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[402:OROMBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800018 PM 17445375 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Center, TD AF Wheeler, G. S. Center, T. D. TI Hydrilla stems and tubers as hosts for three Bagous species: Two introduced biological control agents (Bagous hydrillae and B-affinis) and one native species (B-restrictus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; biological control of weeds; dioecious hydrilla; invasive species; tubers ID LEAF QUALITY; AQUATIC WEED; VERTICILLATA; LARVAE; ALLOCATION; NITROGEN; GROWTH; CARBON AB Field observations suggested that the introduced Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle biological control agent, a stem weevil, Bagoits hydrillae O'Brien, would feed on hydrilla tubers and stems, and a native species, Bagou restrictus LeConte, would feed on hydrilla stems. In choice tests, B. hydrillae readily oviposited in hydrilla tubers. Larval development of B. hydrillae in hydrilla tubers was similar to that in stems; greater adult biomass was attained and less time was needed to complete development when the larvae were fed tubers. Larvae of the hydrilla tuber weevil, B, affinis Hustache, did not complete development in hydrilla stems. Larvae of B. affinis completed development more rapidly when fed new compared with old hydrilla tubers. The native B. restrictus successfully completed development in hydrilla stems, although the larvae required slightly more time compared with the biocontrol agent, B. hydrillae. These findings indicated that feeding on tubers by B. hydiillae may benefit the species particularly when hydrilla stems are seasonably absent or unsuitable especially in more northern climates. In terms of hydrilla control, damage to tubers by this species constitutes a reduction in future infestations of hydrilla propagated by tubers. Finally, hydrilla is suitable to the native weevil, B. restrictus, because larvae completed development in hydrilla stems. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[409:HSATAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800019 PM 17445376 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NP O'Neal, ME Singer, JW AF Schmidt, Nicholas P. O'Neal, Matthew E. Singer, Jeremy W. TI Alfalfa living mulch advances biological control of soybean aphid SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; habitat management natural enemies; conservation ID NATURAL ENEMIES; HOMOPTERA; GLYCINES; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS; PARASITISM; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH AB Despite evidence for biological control in North America, outbreaks of the invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), continue to occur on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Our objectives were to determine whether natural enemies delay aphid establishment and limit subsequent population growth and whether biological control can be improved by altering the within-field habitat. We hypothesized that a living mulch would increase the abundance of the aphidophagous community in soybean and suppress A. glycines establishment and population growth. We measured natural enemy and A. glycines abundance in soybean grown with and without an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) living mulch. Soybean grown with an alfalfa living mulch had 45% more natural enemies and experienced a delay in A. glycines establishment that resulted in lower peak populations. From our experiments, we concluded that the current natural enemy community in Iowa can delay A. glycines establishment, and an increase in aphidophagous predator abundance lowered the rate of A. glycines population growth preventing economic populations (i.e., below the current economic threshold) from occurring. Incorporation of a living mulch had an unexpected impact on A. glycines population growth, lowering the aphids'intrinsic rate of growth, thus providing a bottom-up suppression ofA. glycines. We suggest future studies of living mulches or cover crops for A. glycines management should address both potential sources of suppression. Furthermore, our experience suggests that more consistent biological control ofA. glycines maybe possible with even partial resistance that slows but does not prevent reproduction. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP O'Neal, ME (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM oneal@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[416:ALMABC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800020 PM 17445377 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, A. L. TI Influence of within-orchard trap placement on catch of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in sex pheromone-treated orchards SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; mating disruption; sex pheromone; monitoring ID CODLEMONE-BAITED TRAPS; MATING DISRUPTION; CYDIA-POMONELLA; APPLE ORCHARDS; MANAGEMENT AB The influence of trap placement on catches of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was examined in a series of studies conducted in orchards treated with Isomate-C Plus sex pheromone dispensers. Mark-recapture tests with sterilized moths released along the interface of pairs of treated and untreated apple and pear plots found that significantly more male but not female moths were recaptured on interception traps placed in the treated plots. In a second test, significantly higher numbers of wild male and female moths were caught on interception traps placed in treated versus untreated plots within a heavily infested orchard. The highest numbers of male moths were caught on traps placed along the interior edge of the treated plots. Trap position had no influence on the captures of female moths. In a third test, north-south transects of sex pheromone-baited traps were placed through adjacent treated and untreated plots that received a uniform release of sterilized moths. Traps on the upwind edge of the treated plots caught similar numbers of moths as traps upwind from the treated plots. Moth catch was significantly reducedat all other locations inside versus outside of the treated plots, including traps placed on the downwind edge of the treated plot. In a fourth test, five apple orchards were monitored with groups of sex pheromone-baited traps placed either on the border or at three distances inside the orchards. The highest moth counts were in traps placed at the border, and the lowest moth counts were in traps placed 30 and 50 m from the border. In a fifth test, the proportion of traps failing to catch any moths despite the occurrence of local fruit injury was significantly higher in traps placed 50 versus 25 m from the border. The implications provided by these data for designing an effective monitoring program for codling moth in sex pheromone-treated orchards are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[425:IOWTPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800021 PM 17445378 ER PT J AU Keena, MA Grinberg, PS Wallner, WE AF Keena, M. A. Grinberg, P. S. Wallner, W. E. TI Inheritance of female flight in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE female flight propensity; hybrids; Lymantria dispar; dispersal; inheritance ID GYPSY MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; INSECTS; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURES; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; RUSSIA; MARKER AB A clinal female flight polymorphism exists in the gypsy moth, Lymantria disparL., where female flight diminishes from east to west across Eurasia. A Russian population where females are capable of sustained ascending flight and a North American population with females incapable of flight were crossed: parentals, reciprocal F, hybrids, double reciprocal F, hybrids, and all possible back-crosses to both the parental lines were compared. Heritabilities were estimated using a threshold model, female offspring on female parent regressions, and joint-scaling analyses. Heritability of female flight capability measured using a free flight test was at least 0.60, and variation in wing size, muscle strength, and flight behaviors contributed to the flight polymorphism. Relative wing size varied continuously and had a heritability of 0.70. Environmental variation accounted for > 90% of the variation in female preflight weight and relative flight muscle strength, as estimated by an inverted female's ability to right herself. Preflight walking behavior and early deposition of eggs were each inherited through a single gene with two co-dominant alleles. There was no evidence for sex-linkage or maternal effects in female flight capability or associated traits. Continued vigilance to exclude and eradicate introductions of strains capable of female flight in North America is warranted even in areas where no females fly, because some of the alleles needed for full flight capability may not be present in the North American populations, and some flight capability is maintained in the hybrids that could increase the rate of spread of L. dispar. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM mkeena@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[484:IOFFIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154OU UT WOS:000245517800028 PM 17445385 ER PT J AU Hardmeyer, K Spencer, MA AF Hardmeyer, Kent Spencer, Michael A. TI Using risk-based analysis and geographic information systems to assess flooding problems in an urban watershed in Rhode Island SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE risk; uncertainty; flood damage; economics; watershed; Geographic Information Systems ID MANAGEMENT; NETHERLANDS; UNCERTAINTY AB This article provides an overview of the use of risk-based analysis (RBA) in flood damage assessment, and it illustrates the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in identifying flood-prone areas, which can aid in flood-mitigation planning assistance. We use RBA to calculate expected annual flood damages in an urban watershed in the state of Rhode Island, USA. The method accounts for the uncertainty in the three primary relationships used in computing flood damage: (1) the probability that a given flood will produce a given amount of floodwater, (2) the probability that a given amount of floodwater will reach a certain stage or height, and (3) the probability that a certain stage of floodwater will produce a given amount of damage. A greater than 50% increase in expected annual flood damage is estimated for the future if previous development patterns continue and flood-mitigation measures are not taken. GIS is then used to create a map that shows where and how often floods might occur in the future, which can help (1) identify priority areas for flood-mitigation planning assistance and (2) disseminate information to public officials and other decision-makers. C1 Mankato State Univ, Dept Econ, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Spencer, MA (reprint author), Mankato State Univ, Dept Econ, 150 Morris Hall, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. EM michael.spencer@mnsu.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0149-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148MK UT WOS:000245078700012 PM 17318700 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Paoletti, E Heath, RL AF Grulke, N. E. Paoletti, E. Heath, R. L. TI Comparison of calculated and measured foliar O-3 flux in crop and forest species SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Critical Levels of Ozone CY NOV 15-19, 2005 CL Obergurgl, AUSTRIA SP United Nat Econ Commiss Europe DE ozone uptake; ozone flux; Phaseolus vulgaris; Quercus kelloggii; Quercus douglasii ID INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES; OZONE UPTAKE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; EXPOSURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CALIFORNIA; SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION; EUROPE; VALLEY AB We designed a new gas exchange system that concurrently measures foliar H2O, O-3, and CO2 flux (HOC flux system) while delivering known O-3 concentrations. Stomatal responses of three species were tested: snapbean, and seedlings of California black oak (deciduous broadleaf) and blue oak (evergreen broadleaf). Acute O-3 exposure (120-250 ppb over an hour) was applied under moderate light and low vapor pressure deficits during near steady state conditions. The rate of stomatal closure was measured when the whole plant was placed in the dark. An adjacent leaf on each plant was also concurrently measured in an O-3-free cuvette. Under some conditions, direct measurements and calculated foliar 03 flux were within the same order of magnitude; however, endogenously low gs or O-3 exposure-induced depression of gs resulted in an overestimation of calculated O-3 fluxes compared with measured O-3 fluxes. Sluggish stomata in response to light extinction with concurrent O-3 exposure, and incomplete stomatal closure likewise underestimated measured O-3 flux. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. CNR, IPP, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngruike@fs.fed.us RI Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3 BP 640 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153YZ UT WOS:000245475300008 PM 16777298 ER PT J AU Buker, P Emberson, LD Ashmore, MR Cambridge, HM Jacobs, CMJ Massman, WJ Muller, J Nikolov, N Novak, K Oksanen, E Schaub, M de la Torre, D AF Buker, P. Emberson, L. D. Ashmore, M. R. Cambridge, H. M. Jacobs, C. M. J. Massman, W. J. Muller, J. Nikolov, N. Novak, K. Oksanen, E. Schaub, M. de la Torre, D. TI Comparison of different stomatal conductance algorithms for ozone flux modelling SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Critical Levels of Ozone CY NOV 15-19, 2005 CL Obergurgl, AUSTRIA SP United Nat Econ Commiss Europe DE stomatal conductance; photosynthesis; modelling; parameterisation ID H2O GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-3 PLANTS; WATER; VEGETATION; CO2; ASSIMILATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE AB A multiplicative and a semi-mechanistic, BWB-type [Ball, J.T., Woodrow, I.E., Berry, J.A., 1987. A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. In: Biggens, J. (Ed.), Progress in Photosynthesis Research, vol. IV. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp. 221-224.] algorithm for calculating stomatal conductance (g,) at the leaf level have been parameterised for two crop and two tree species to test their use in regional scale ozone deposition modelling. The algorithms were tested against measured, site-specific data for durum wheat, grapevine, beech and birch of different European provenances. A direct comparison of both algorithms showed a similar performance in predicting hourly means and daily time-courses of g(s), whereas the multiplicative algorithm outperformed the BWB-type algorithm in modelling seasonal time-courses due to the inclusion of a phenology function. The re-parameterisation of the algorithms for local conditions in order to validate ozone deposition modelling on a European scale reveals the higher input requirements of the BWB-type algorithm as compared to the multiplicative algorithm because of the need of the former to model net photosynthesis (A(n)). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Alterra, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agron & Crop Sci, D-06099 Halle, Germany. N&T Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. CIEMAT, Inst Energet Environm & Technol Res, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Buker, P (reprint author), Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM pb25@york.ac.uk RI Schaub, Marcus/E-4874-2012; OI Schaub, Marcus/0000-0002-0158-8892; de la Torre, Daniel/0000-0002-3289-5385 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3 BP 726 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153YZ UT WOS:000245475300017 PM 16766104 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Yates, SR AF Ashworth, D. J. Yates, S. R. TI Surface irrigation reduces the emission of volatile 1,3-dichloropropene from agricultural soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE VOLATILIZATION; FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLASTIC FILM; FUMIGANTS; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; FUMIGATION; COLUMNS AB Low-cost, practicable techniques are required to limit the release of volatile organic compound-containing fumigants such as 1,3-D to the atmosphere. In this study, we aimed to quantify 1,3-D diffusion and emission from laboratory soil columns maintained under realistic conditions and thereby assess the efficacy of soil irrigation as a technique for reducing emissions. In two soils (one relatively high, and one relatively low, in organic matter), irrigation led to a limiting of upward diffusion of the fumigant and to the maintenance of higher soil gas concentrations. Therefore, rather than being emitted from the column, the 1,3-D was maintained in the soil where it was ultimately degraded. As a consequence, emission of 1,3-D from the irrigated columns was around half of that from the nonirrigated columns. It is concluded that surface irrigation represents an effective, low-cost, and readily practicable approach to lessening the environmental impact of 1,3-D fumigant use. In addition, the higher organic matter soil exhibited emissions of around one-fifth of the lower organic matter soil in both irrigated and nonirrigated treatments, due to markedly enhanced degradation of the fumigant. Organic matter amendment of soils may, therefore, also represent an extremely effective, relatively low-cost approach to reducing 1,3-D emissions. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2231 EP 2236 DI 10.1021/es062642d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900031 PM 17438768 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Smith, DJ AF Huwe, Janice K. Smith, David J. TI Accumulation, whole-body depletion, and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether in male Sprague-Dawley rats following dietary exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALF-LIVES; DIPHENYL ETHERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BDE-209; BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; WORKERS AB Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is the major component in the flame-retardant formulation DecaBDE which is incorporated into numerous consumer goods ranging from upholsteries to electronics. Because of the high volume of DecaBDE produced, its presence in consumer products and the environment, and the finding of BDE-209 in the blood of exposed workers, the extent of bioavailability, persistence, and potential debromination are important issues. To measure the bioconcentration, distribution, reductive debromination, and whole-body half-lives of BDE-209 after multiple low doses in an animal model, we dosed rats with a commercial DecaBDE (0.3 mu g/g of diet) for 21 days and measured tissue polybrominated diphenyl ether levels during a 21 day withdrawal period. BDE-209, three nona-BDEs, and four octa-BDEs accumulated in the rats and distributed proportionately throughout the body. Only 5% of the total BDE-209 dose was present as parent compound in the rats after 21 days of dosing and < 4% in the feces, suggesting extensive metabolism. A nona-BDE (BDE-207) and two octa-BDEs (BDEs-201 and -197) appeared to form via meta-debromination(s) of BDE-209 to a minimal extent (1% of the total BDE-209 dose). The whole-body half-lives tended to increase with decreasing bromination; however, two octa-BDEs, presumably forming from debromination, increased in the rats after 21 days of withdrawal and demonstrated the potential for BDE-209 to form more persistent lipophilic compounds in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 8 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2371 EP 2377 DI 10.1021/es061954d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 150ZU UT WOS:000245258900052 PM 17438789 ER PT J AU Stangoulis, JCR Huynh, BL Welch, RM Choi, EY Graham, RD AF Stangoulis, James C. R. Huynh, Bao-Lam Welch, Ross M. Choi, Eun-Young Graham, Robin D. TI Quantitative trait loci for phytate in rice grain and their relationship with grain micronutrient content SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Grains Res & Dev Corp DE iron; micronutrients; nutrition; phytate; quantitative trait loci; rice ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MALNUTRITION; FOODS; SEEDS AB Phytate (inositol-hexa-phosphate) has an important role in plants but it also may have anti-nutritional properties in animals and humans. While there is debate within the plant breeding and nutrition communities regarding an optimum level in grain, there appears to be little information at the molecular level for the genetics of this trait, and its association with important trace elements, in particular, Fe and Zn. In this preliminary study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain phytates, Zn and Fe in glasshouse-grown rice lines from an IR64 x Azucena doubled haploid population were identified. Correlations between phytate and essential nutrients were also studied. Transgressive segregation was found for most traits. Phytate and total P concentrations had one QTL in common located on chromosome five with the (high concentration) allele contributed from Azucena. There were significant positive correlations between phytate and inorganic phosphorus (P), total P, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations for both grain concentration and content. However, the QTLs of phytate were not located on the same chromosomal regions as those found for Fe, Zn and Mn, suggesting that they were genetically different and thus using molecular markers in breeding and selection would modify the phytate level without affecting grain micronutrient density. C1 Univ Adelaide, Discipline Plant & Food Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rubber Res Inst Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Huynh, BL (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Discipline Plant & Food Sci, Waite Campus PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM lam.huynh@adelaide.edu.au RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 16 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9211-7 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144FM UT WOS:000244781500005 ER PT J AU McCouch, SR Sweeney, M Li, JM Jiang, H Thomson, M Septiningsih, E Edwards, J Moncada, P Xiao, JH Garris, A Tai, T Martinez, C Tohme, J Sugiono, M McClung, A Yuan, LP Ahn, SN AF McCouch, Susan R. Sweeney, Megan Li, Jiming Jiang, Hui Thomson, Michael Septiningsih, Endang Edwards, Jeremy Moncada, Pilar Xiao, Jinhua Garris, Amanda Tai, Tom Martinez, Cesar Tohme, Joe Sugiono, M. McClung, Anna Yuan, Long Ping Ahn, Sang-Nag TI Through the genetic bottleneck: O-rufipogon as a source of trait-enhancing alleles for O-sativa SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Grains Res & Dev Corp DE inter-specific cross; transgressive variation; quantitative trait loci (QTL); rice (Oryza sativa L.); marker assisted selection; molecular breeding ID BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; RICE GREEN-REVOLUTION; GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS; CULTIVATED RICE; WILD-RICE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; YIELD COMPONENTS; PLANT HEIGHT; GIBBERELLIN-SYNTHESIS; AGRONOMIC IMPORTANCE AB This paper summarizes results from a decade of collaborative research using advanced backcross (AB) populations to a) identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with improved performance in rice and to b) clone genes underlying key QTLs of interest. We demonstrate that AB-QTL analysis is capable of (1) successfully uncovering positive alleles in wild germplasm that were not obvious based on the phenotype of the parent (2) offering an estimation of the breeding value of exotic germplasm, (3) generating near isogenic lines that can be used as the basis for gene isolation and also as parents for further crossing in a variety development program and (4) providing gene-based markers for targeted introgression of alleles using marker-assisted-selection (MAS). Knowledge gained from studies examining the population structure and evolutionary history of rice is helping to illuminate a long-term strategy for exploiting and simultaneously preserving the well-partitioned gene pools in rice. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Pioneer Hybrid Int, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. ICABIOGRAD, Bogor 16111, Indonesia. USDA ARS, DBNRRC & Beaumont Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. China Natl Hybrid Rice Res & Dev Ctr, Hunan 41025, Peoples R China. Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agron, Taejon, South Korea. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu OI Li, Jiming/0000-0003-4344-1896; Septiningsih, Endang/0000-0002-9481-304X; Thomson, Michael/0000-0003-1868-6867 NR 116 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP 317 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9210-8 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144FM UT WOS:000244781500008 ER PT J AU Panella, L Lewellen, RT AF Panella, L. Lewellen, R. T. TI Broadening the genetic base of sugar beet: introgression from wild relatives SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Grains Res & Dev Corp DE genetic resources; Beta vulgaris; germplasm enhancement ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT; YELLOW-VEIN-VIRUS; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII-SCHM; BETA-VULGARIS L; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; SMOOTH-ROOT; PARENTAL LINE; RHIZOMANIA RESISTANCE; SUBSP MARITIMA AB The development of sugar beet as an economically important field crop coincided with our increased understanding of modern genetic principles. It was developed in the late 1700s from white fodder beet; therefore, the genetic base of sugar beet is thought to be narrower than many open-pollinated crops. The wild sea beet is the progenitor of all domesticated beet and cross compatible with cultivated beet (domestic and cultivated are given subspecies level in the same species). The breeding system of sugar beet is complex and the crop is biennial, which lengthens the generation time to almost 1 year. A genetic-cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is utilized for commercial hybrid production. Early breeding objectives were to improve the concentration and extractability of sucrose and little emphasis was placed on host-plant resistance to insect, nematode, and disease pests. As production areas expanded, these pests limited production, sometimes severely. The first systematic attempts to screen exotic and wild beet germplasm for disease resistance were initiated early in the 20th century. Many undesirable traits from wild beet were reportedly introgressed with the selected disease resistance and it was only in the late 1900s that the use of wild beet genetic resources became common place in public breeding programs. In North America, a pivotal development in utilizing the genetic resources available for sugar beet breeding was the formation in 1983 of the Sugarbeet Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC). Since the Sugarbeet CGC identified enhancing the commercial sugar beet germplasm pool as a high priority, there has been an aggressive evaluation of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) Beta collection. This collection now has more than 2500 accessions from within the genus Beta. In 2002, it was estimated that close to 25,000 evaluation data points (descriptors x accessions evaluated) describing the collection were available in the Genetic Resources Information Network (GRIN) database. Over 3000 evaluations described levels of resistance of sugar beet and wild beet accessions to 10 major disease and insect pests of sugar beet. As soon as the evaluation data are collected, they are used to select the sources for the pre-breeding programs. There is a lag time in sugar beet of 8-15 years between starting a germplasm development program and releasing the first germplasm, but successes of this program are available in the germplasm released to the commercial breeders. Resistance genes from wild beet for rhizomania and beet cyst nematode resistance have been commercialized. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov NR 127 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9209-1 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144FM UT WOS:000244781500013 ER PT J AU Zhao, DL Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Read, JJ Koti, S AF Zhao, Duli Reddy, K. Raja Kakani, V. Gopal Read, John J. Koti, Sailaja TI Canopy reflectance in cotton for growth assessment and lint yield prediction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); leaf area index; aboveground biomass; N fertilizer rate; lint yield; canopy reflectance; remote sensing ID HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEXES; REMOTE-SENSING IMAGERY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; GRAIN-YIELD; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WINTER-WHEAT; PLANT-GROWTH; CORN AB A field experiment was conducted in 2001-2002 to investigate relationships between canopy spectral reflectance and leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (ABM), and lint yield of irrigated cotton across four N fertilizer rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha(-1). These N rates were used to generate a wide range of difference in canopy structure and lint yield. Measurements of canopy reflectance were made throughout the growing season using a hand-held spectroradiometer. Samples for LAI and ABM were obtained four (2001) or five (2002) times during squaring and fruiting. Mean reflectance values in red (R-red) and near infrared (RN,R) regions were obtained from canopy reflectance data based on the Landsat Thematic Mapper bands. The reflectance ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), wide dynamic range vegetation index (WDRVI) as well as several hyperspectral reflectance indices were calculated. Most reflectance indices had exponential relationships with both LAI and ABM and reached saturation at high LAI and ABM, but were linearly correlated with log(LAI) and log(ABM). Relative lint yield was linearly correlated to the reflectance indices measured any time after the first square stage and the strongest correlation was obtained at the early flower stage with r(2) of 0.56-0.89 (P < 0.01). Therefore, the canopy reflectance indices measured at early flower stage of cotton growth could serve as input to a crop growth model for predicting potential yield loss. These results indicate that the early flower stage is an appropriate time to collect canopy reflectance data for cotton yield estimation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, NFREC, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Zhao, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, NFREC, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM dzhao@ufl.edu RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 EI 1873-7331 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. 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NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A742 EP A742 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700033 ER PT J AU Ahuja, JKC Montville-Bodner, J Omolewa-Tomobi, G Goldman, JD AF Ahuja, Jaspreet Kaur C. Montville-Bodner, Janice Omolewa-Tomobi, Grace Goldman, Joseph D. TI Effect of review procedures for USDA's food and nutrient database for dietary studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20854 USA. 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PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A681 EP A681 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505410 ER PT J AU Anand, J Perloff, B AF Anand, Jaswinder Perloff, Betty TI Evaluating priorities for updating the Automated Multiple Pass Method for collecting dietary data in NHANES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A309 EP A309 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502333 ER PT J AU Anaya Loyola, MA Hernandez, SV Allen, LH AF Anaya Loyola, Miriam Aracely Hernandez, Salvador Villalpando Allen, Lindsay H. TI Vitamin B12 status and predictors in a subsample of children and women from the Mexican National Nutrition Survey 1999 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publica, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Davis, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A671 EP A671 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505367 ER PT J AU Andrews, KW Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Holden, J Perry, C Dwyer, J Piccian, MF Fisher, K Saldanha, L Yetley, E Douglass, L AF Andrews, Karen W. Roseland, Janet Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Holden, Joanne Perry, Charles Dwyer, Johanna Piccian, Mary Frances Fisher, Kenneth Saldanha, Leila Yetley, Elizabeth Douglass, Larry TI Comparison of label vs. analytical values for 23 vitamins and minerals in adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products for the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. Univ Maryland, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A52 EP A52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500250 ER PT J AU Ariza-Nieto, M Burgos, G Bonierbale, M Glahn, RP Welch, RM AF Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia Burgos, Gabriela Bonierbale, Merideth Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. TI Fe bioavailability in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. CIP, Lima, Peru. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1114 EP A1114 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703120 ER PT J AU Ariza-Nieto, M Glahn, RP Welch, RM AF Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. TI Microarray expression analysis of normal and Fe-hyper-accumulating Pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutant genotypes and genetic links to Caco-2 Fe bioavailability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1114 EP A1114 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703123 ER PT J AU Atkinson, RL Wolf, WR AF Atkinson, Renata Lynn Wolf, Wayne R. TI Determination of Vitamin C in a LC/DAD method for analyzing water soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin dietary supplements containing multi-minerals. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, BA,Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A314 EP A314 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502359 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Huth, PJ Martini, MC Lampe, JW AF Baer, David J. Huth, Peter J. Martini, Margaret C. Lampe, Johanna W. TI Dose-dependent effect of soy protein intake on isoflavone and metabolite urinary excretion SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dairy Management Inc, Rosemont, IL USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A371 EP A371 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503098 ER PT J AU Bodner-Montville, J Ahuja, JKC AF Bodner-Montville, Janice Ahuja, Jaspreet K. C. TI Providing up-to-date fast food data for dietary studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A309 EP A309 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502335 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA Chester, D Friday, J AF Bowman, Shanthy A. Chester, Deirdra Friday, James TI Impact of low-fat food choices and strategies of adults on nutrient intakes and Body Mass Index: NHANES 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A685 EP A685 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505430 ER PT J AU Britz, SJ Allen, LH Moreau, RA Kremer, DF AF Britz, Steven J. Allen, L. Hartwell Moreau, Robert A. Kremer, Diane F. TI Elevated temperature during growth increases alpha-tocotrienol and some but not all gamma-oryzanol fractions in Arborio rice,seeds SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A731 EP A731 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505643 ER PT J AU Burton-Freeman, B Keim, N AF Burton-Freeman, Britt Keim, Nancy TI The contribution of snacking to diet quality in weight stable unrestrained men and women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A57 EP A57 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500274 ER PT J AU Buzby, JC Wells, HF AF Buzby, Jean C. Wells, Hodan Farah TI Modernizing the food supply data system SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A53 EP A53 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500257 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC AF Byrdwell, William C. TI Comprehensive method for analysis of vitamin D in foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, BA,Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A317 EP A317 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502375 ER PT J AU Cao, H Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Anderson, Richard A. TI Insulin regulation of tristetraprolin family and some related gene expression in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A281 EP A281 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502196 ER PT J AU Cao, H Kelly, MA Kari, F Dawson, HD Coves, S Roussel, AM Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Kelly, Meghan A. Kari, Frank Dawson, Harry D. Coves, Sara Roussel, Anne M. Anderson, Richard A. TI Green tea increases the anti-inflammatory tristetraprolin and decreases the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor mRNA levels in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIEHS, DHHS NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Unilever France, F-92842 Rueil Malmaison, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-38700 La Tronche, France. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A165 EP A166 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501225 ER PT J AU Carkeet, C Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF Carkeet, Colleen Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. TI Absorption and metabolism of pelargonidin-3-glucoside with increasing strawberry dose SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501006 ER PT J AU Castaneda-Sceppa, C Bassettmidle, J Tucker, KL AF Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Bassettmidle, Jennifer Tucker, Katherine L. TI The disablement process among elderly puerto ricans: findings from the Boston puerto rican center on population health and health disparities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1070 EP A1070 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702484 ER PT J AU Chalivendra, SC Huber, SC Sachs, MM Rhoads, DM AF Chalivendra, Subbaiah Chenchu Huber, Steven C. Sachs, Martin M. Rhoads, David M. TI Sucrose synthase interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel suggests a potential role for the enzyme in inter-organellar signaling SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS Soybean Maize Germplasm, Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1042 EP A1042 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702356 ER PT J AU Charron, CS Clevidence, BA Britz, SJ Novotny, JA AF Charron, Craig S. Clevidence, Beverly A. Britz, Steven J. Novotny, Janet A. TI The effect of dose size on bioavailability of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins from red cabbage SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501007 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Hamel, K Blumberg, JB AF Chen, Chung-Yen Hamel, Kendra Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Almond skin polyphenols scavenge DPPH, HOC1, ONOO-, and O2-radicals and enhance quinone reductase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A362 EP A362 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503056 ER PT J AU Chen, P Wolf, WR AF Chen, Pei Wolf, Wayne R. TI Determination of B-vitamins in the national institute of standards and technology standard reference material (NIST SRM) 3280: Multivitamin/Multielement tablets by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, BA,Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A317 EP A317 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502372 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Yeung, A Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Cheng, Zhiqiang Yeung, Andrew Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Evaluation of Metallothionein formation as a proxy for zinc absorption in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 Cell culture Model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Cornell Univ, Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A721 EP A721 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505594 ER PT J AU Chester, D Bowman, S Friday, J AF Chester, Deirdra Bowman, Shanthy Friday, James TI A comparison of low-fat food use by adults from different socioeconomic background: NHANES 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A683 EP A683 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505420 ER PT J AU Cifelli, CJ Wang, ZX Yin, S Russel, RM Tang, GW Green, MH AF Cifelli, Christopher J. Wang, Zhixu Yin, Shian Russel, Robert M. Tang, Guangwen Green, Michael H. TI Vitamin A kinetics and utilization in Chinese vs US adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Chinese CDCP, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. Qingdao Univ Med Coll, Inst Med Nutr, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A49 EP A49 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500236 ER PT J AU Cohen, R Hanson, C Briefel, R Guthrie, J AF Cohen, Rhoda Hanson, Charlotte Briefel, Ronette Guthrie, Joanne TI Development of a brief questionnaire on dietary behavior for use in low-income populations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Mat Policy Res, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Mat Policy Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A159 EP A159 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501198 ER PT J AU Colby, SE AF Colby, Sarah E. TI Nutrition marketing on children's foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A300 EP A301 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502294 ER PT J AU Combs, GF Watts, JC Scheett, AJ Johnson, LK Davis, CD Milner, JA AF Combs, Gerald F., Jr. Watts, Jennifer C. Scheett, Angela J. Johnson, Luann K. Davis, Cindy D. Milner, John A. TI Selenium status of a cohort of healthy Americans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A105 EP A105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500503 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Guidry, CA Vangimalla, V Urban, JF AF Dawson, Harry D. Guidry, Catherine A. Vangimalla, Vandana Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI The Beltsville human nutrition research center's porcine immunology and nutrition resource database SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirement & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A377 EP A377 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503125 ER PT J AU Earnest, CP Kupper, JS Thompson, A Guo, WM Church, TS AF Earnest, Conrad P. Kupper, Jennifer S. Thompson, Angela Guo, Wei Min Church, Timothy S. TI Synergistic effects of multivitamin and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70810 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02153 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A698 EP A698 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505489 ER PT J AU Ejaz, A AF ejaz, asma TI Curcurnin inhibition of angiogenesis and adipogenesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1089 EP A1089 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703003 ER PT J AU Eksir, F Castaneda-Sceppa, C Cloutier, G Dallal, GE Thomas, A Roubenoff, R Meydani, SN AF Eksir, Faria Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Cloutier, Gregory Dallal, Gerard E. Thomas, Adam Roubenoff, Ronenn Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Effect of bed rest with amino acid supplementation on cell-mediated immune response in healthy men: Indications for immune status of astronauts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA HNRCA, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A741 EP A741 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700030 ER PT J AU Exler, J Pehrsson, PR AF Exler, Jacob Pehrsson, Pamela R. TI Nutrient content and variability in newly obtained salmon data for USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A315 EP A315 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502363 ER PT J AU Fatima, T Handa, AK Mattoo, AK AF Fatima, Tahira Handa, Avtar K. Mattoo, Autar K. TI Polyamines cross-talk with phospholipase A2 to regulate gene expression in tomato fruit and other plant models SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, UMCP, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1044 EP A1044 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702365 ER PT J AU Friday, J Bowman, S Nowverl, A AF Friday, James Bowman, Shanthy Nowverl, Alvin TI Milk group's contribution to calcium and saturated fat in the diets of persons living in low- to high-income households in the United States SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A683 EP A683 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505419 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Green, R Allen, LH Mungas, DM Jagust, WJ Haan, MN Miller, JW AF Garrod, Marjorie G. Green, Ralph Allen, Lindsay H. Mungas, Dan M. Jagust, William J. Haan, Mary N. Miller, Joshua W. TI The ratio of holotranscobalamin to total B12 is associated with cognitive impairment in elderly Latinos with elevated depression scores SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A155 EP A155 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501177 ER PT J AU Gebhardt, SE Thomas, RG AF Gebhardt, Susan E. Thomas, Robin G. TI Comparison of analytical values for enrichment nutrients in selected grain products to federal enrichment standards SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A315 EP A315 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502361 ER PT J AU Gilchrist, JM Badger, TM Gu, LW AF Gilchrist, Janet M. Badger, Thomas M. Gu, Liwei TI Infants fed soy formula appear to maintain steady-state plasma isoflavone concentrations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, ACNC, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. UAMS, ACNC, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503087 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, RJ Wolf, WR AF Goldschmidt, Robert J. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Improved measurement of niacin in a variety of food samples by high performance liquid chromatography-stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, BA,Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A317 EP A318 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502376 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Suzanne, H Rooney, L Prior, R AF Gu, Liwei Suzanne, House Rooney, Lloyd Prior, Roonald TI Extrusion increases bioavailability of sorghum procyanidins (PCs) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Cereal Quality Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501005 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM Reeve, BB Reedy, J Krebs-Smith, SM Basiotis, PP AF Guenther, Patricia M. Reeve, Bryce B. Reedy, Jill Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Basiotis, P. Peter TI Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the revised Healthy Eating Index SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A52 EP A52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500248 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Denbaly, M AF Guthrie, Joanne F. Denbaly, Mark TI Improving national data to analyze food and nutrition policies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A53 EP A53 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500253 ER PT J AU Hamrick, KS Andrews, M Guthrie, J AF Hamrick, Karen S. Andrews, Margaret Guthrie, Joanne TI Collecting data on eating patterns, obesity risk, and food access: The food & eating module SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A53 EP A54 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500258 ER PT J AU Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Han, Chung-Ting Schoene, Norberta W. Lei, Kai Y. TI The influence of zinc status on Akt-p21 signaling axis in human prostate epithelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1110 EP A1110 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703103 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Lin, LZ Pastor-Corrales, MS Luthria, DL AF Harnly, James M. Lin, Long-Ze Pastor-Corrales, Marcial S. Luthria, Devanand L. TI The polyphenolic profiles of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab,BA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, PSI, BA,Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A316 EP A316 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502366 ER PT J AU Harris, GK Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Paul, DR Kramer, M Baer, DJ AF Harris, Gabriel Keith Stote, Kim S. Clevidence, Beverly A. Paul, David R. Kramer, Matthew Baer, David J. TI BodPod approximates corrected DEXA values more closely than BIA in overweight and obese adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Biometr Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A689 EP A689 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708505446 ER PT J AU Haytowitz, DB Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM AF Haytowitz, David B. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Holden, Joanne M. TI Updating USDA's key foods list using NHANES 2003-04 data SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A316 EP A316 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502369 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD Morris, J Nakata, PA McConn, M Brock, A AF Hirschi, Kendal D. Morris, Jay Nakata, Paul A. McConn, Michelle Brock, Amanda TI Plants defective in calcium oxalate crystal formation have more bioavailable calcium SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Dept Pediat & Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A356 EP A356 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503028 ER PT J AU Hong, YJ Yokoyama, W Turowski, M AF Hong, Yun-Jeong Yokoyama, Wallace Turowski, Maciek TI The effects of soluble modified cellulose on lipid metabolism by analyzing the fecal fat profiles in hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Methocel Food Grp, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A177 EP A177 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501280 ER PT J AU Howe, JC Trainer, D Holden, JM Douglass, LW AF Howe, Juliette Coupain Trainer, Denise Holden, Joanne M. Douglass, Larry W. TI Fat content of ground beef: comparison of actual (analytical) to label claim SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 21144 USA. Univ Maryland, Biometr Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A318 EP A318 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502379 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Cheng, ZQ Heller, LI Krasnoff, SB Glahn, RP Welch, RM AF Hu, Ying Cheng, Zhiqiang Heller, Larry I. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. TI Kaempferol in red and pinto bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) coats inhibits iron bioavailability using an in vitro Digestion/Human Caco-2 cell model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Cornell Univ, Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1114 EP A1114 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703121 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Curtiss D. Johnson, Luann K. TI Calcium requirement: new estimations for men and women by cross-sectional analyses of metabolic calcium balance data SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A173 EP A174 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501262 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Idso, JP AF Hunt, Curtiss D. Idso, Joseph P. TI Female offspring of rat dams fed low boron diets during pregnancy and lactation exhibit signs of the metabolic syndrome during early adulthood: increased body weight, and serum triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708501030 ER PT J AU Idso, JP Hunt, CD Watts, JC Combs, GF AF Idso, Joseph P. Hunt, Curtiss D. Watts, Jennifer C. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI New methodology for quantification of human white blood cell (WBC) apoptosis following exposure of whole blood samples to cyclohexamide (CHX) or hydrogen peroxide (HP) as assessed by flow cytometry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A758 EP A758 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708700112 ER PT J AU Ingwersen, LA Cleveland, L Clemens, J Perloff, B AF Ingwersen, Linda A. Cleveland, Linda Clemens, John Perloff, Betty TI USDA's Food Model Booklet: Development, use, availability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surverys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A308 EP A309 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502332 ER PT J AU Jeyapalan, A Orellana, RA Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Jahoor, F Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Jeyapalan, Asumthia Orellana, Renan A. Burrin, Douglas G. Fiorotto, Marta L. Jahoor, Farook Nguyen, Hanh V. Suryawan, Agus Davis, Teresa A. TI Insulin and amino acids stimulate whole body protein synthesis in neonates SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A334 EP A334 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502453 ER PT J AU Jia, XD Chen, CY Blumberg, JB Li, N AF Jia, Xudong Chen, Chung-Yen Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Li, Ning TI Almond consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxiclation in young male smokers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A102 EP A102 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708500488 ER PT J AU Jin, FX Rutzke, M Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Jin, Fuxia Rutzke, Mike Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Is extrinsic isotope labeling of plant foods reliable for studies of iron absorption? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1115 EP A1115 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703127 ER PT J AU Jing, HK Pivik, RT Gilchrist, JM Badger, TM AF Jing, Hongkui Pivik, R. T. Gilchrist, Janet M. Badger, Thomas M. TI Soy-based and milk-based formula may have similar effects on EEG development in infants SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas, Psychol ACNC, Little Rock, AR 72201 USA. USDA, Arkansas childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Physiol & Biophys ACNC, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A322 EP A322 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708502400 ER EF