FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schneider, MJ Darwish, AM Freeman, DW AF Schneider, Marilyn J. Darwish, Ahmed M. Freeman, Donald W. TI Simultaneous multiresidue determination of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones in catfish muscle using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis CY MAY 16-19, 2006 CL Antwerp, BELGIUM DE high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence; fluoroquinolones; tetracyclines; fish ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION; RESIDUES; FISH; ANTIBIOTICS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; QUINOLONES; TISSUE; MEAT AB Efficient methods are needed for analysis of veterinary drug residues in food. A number of methods are available for single analytes. Multiresidue methods are now increasingly available. It is still rare, however, to find methods not involving mass spectrometry which allow for analysis of more than one class of drug residue. An efficient multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and tetracyclines (TCs) in catfish muscle has now been developed. This method involves an extraction of the analytes with a mixture of acetonitrile and citrate buffer containing magnesium chloride. After centrifugation and evaporation of the supernatants, the residues are determined using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. With this method, five fluoroquinolones and three tetracyclines were determined in fortified catfish muscle at levels of 20, 50, and 100 ng g(-1). Average recoveries for ciprofloxacin (CIP), sarafloxacin (SAR), danofloxacin (DANO), enrofloxacin (ENRO), difloxacin (DIF), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) were in the range of 60-92% with good relative standard deviations. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.15 to 1.5 ng g(-1). Utilization of the method to successfully analyze catfish muscle samples incurred with enrofloxacin and with oxytetracycline is described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 586 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 144VD UT WOS:000244823500035 PM 17386722 ER PT J AU Coutinho, LL Matukumalli, LK Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Gasbarre, LC Capuco, AV Smith, TPL AF Coutinho, Luiz L. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Gasbarre, Louis C. Capuco, Anthony V. Smith, Timothy P. L. TI Discovery and profiling of bovine microRNAs from immune-related and embryonic tissues SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE small RNA; microRNA; embryo; immune ID ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; GENES; CELLS; ZEBRAFISH; PLATFORM AB MicroRNAs are small similar to 22 nucleotide-long noncoding RNAs capable of controlling gene expression by inhibiting translation. Alignment of human microRNA stem-loop sequences (mir) against a recent draft sequence assembly of the bovine genome resulted in identification of 334 predicted bovine mir. We sequenced five tissue-specific cDNA libraries derived from the small RNA fractions of bovine embryo, thymus, small intestine, and lymph node to validate these predictions and identify new mir. This strategy combined with comparative sequence analysis identified 129 sequences that corresponded to mature microRNAs (miR). A total of 107 sequences aligned to known human mir, and 100 of these matched expressed miR. The other seven sequences represented novel miR expressed from the complementary strand of previously characterized human mir. The 22 sequences without matches displayed characteristic mir secondary structures when folded in silico, and 10 of these retained sequence conservation with other vertebrate species. Expression analysis based on sequence identity counts revealed that some miR were preferentially expressed in certain tissues, while bta-miR-26a and bta-miR-103 were prevalent in all tissues examined. These results support the premise that species differences in regulation of gene expression by miR occur primarily at the level of expression and processing. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Coutinho, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Bldg 200 Rm 2A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tads@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00081.2006 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 146DA UT WOS:000244913500004 PM 17105755 ER PT J AU Panangala, VS Shoemaker, CA van Santen, VL Dybvig, K Klesius, PH AF Panangala, Victor S. Shoemaker, Craig A. van Santen, Vicky L. Dybvig, Kevin Klesius, Phillip H. TI Multiplex-PCR for simultaneous detection of 3 bacterial fish pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Aeromonas hydrophila SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Multiplex-PCR; fish; Edwardsiella; Flavobacterium; aeromonas ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHANNEL CATFISH; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; GENUS AEROMONAS; AEROLYSIN GENE; REACTION ASSAY; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; PUNCTATUS AB A multiplex PCR (m-PCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of 3 important fish pathogens in warm water aquaculture. The m-PCR to amplify target DNA fragments from Flavobacterium columnare (504 bp), Edwardsiella ictaluri (407 bp) and Aeromonas hydrophila (209 bp) was optimized by adjustment of reaction buffers and a touchdown protocol. The lower detection limit for each of the 3 bacteria was 20 pg of nucleic acid template from each bacteria per m-PCR reaction mixture. The sensitivity threshold for detection of the 3 bacteria in tissues ranged between 3.4 x 102 and 2.5 x 105 cells g(-1) of tissue (channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the m-PCR was evaluated with 10 representative isolates of each of the 3 bacteria and 11 other Gram-negative and 2 Gram-positive bacteria that are taxonomically related or ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Except for a single species (A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida), each set of primers specifically amplified the target DNA of the cognate species of bacteria. m-PCR was compared with bacteriological culture for identification of bacteria in experimentally infected fish. The m-PCR appears promising for the rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection of Flavobacterium columnare, E. ictaluri and A. hydrophila in infected fish compared to the time consuming traditional bacteriological culture techniques. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Panangala, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM vpanangala@ars.usda.gov OI van Santen, Vicky/0000-0002-0029-0517 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.3354/dao074199 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 173LD UT WOS:000246873700004 PM 17465305 ER PT J AU Xue, BY Rooney, AP Kajikawa, M Okada, N Roelofs, WL AF Xue, Bingye Rooney, Alejandro P. Kajikawa, Masaki Okada, Norihiro Roelofs, Wendell L. TI Novel sex pheromone desaturases in the genomes of corn borers generated through gene duplication and retroposon fusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia; phylogeny; pseudogene; biosynthesis; evolution ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; EVOLUTION; MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; ORIGINS AB The biosynthesis of female moth sex pheromone blends is controlled by a number of different enzymes, many of which are encoded by members of multigene families. One such multigene family, the acyl-CoA desaturases, is composed of certain genes that function as key players in moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. Although much is known regarding the function of some of these genes, very little is known regarding how novel genes have evolved within this family and how this might impact the establishment of new sex pheromone blends within a species. We have discovered that several cryptic Delta 11 and Delta 14 desaturase genes exist in the genomes of the European and Asian corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnacalis, respectively). Furthermore, an entirely novel class of desaturase gene has arisen in the Ostrinia lineage and is derived from duplication of the Delta 11 desaturase gene and subsequent fusion with a retroposon. Interestingly, the genes have been maintained over relatively long evolutionary time periods in corn borer genomes, and they have not been recognizably pseudogenized, suggesting that they maintain functional integrity. The existence of cryptic desaturase genes in moth genomes indicates that the evolution of moth sex pheromone desaturases in general is much more complex than previously recognized. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan. RP Roelofs, WL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM wlr1@cornell.edu NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4467 EP 4472 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700422104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700041 PM 17360547 ER PT J AU Chao, XB Jia, YF Shields, FD Wang, SSY Cooper, CM AF Chao, Xiaobo Jia, Yafei Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Wang, Sam S. Y. Cooper, Charles M. TI Numerical modeling of water quality and sediment related processes SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE water quality model; phytoplankton; nutrients; sediment ID EUTROPHICATION MODEL; ECOLOGICAL MODEL; OVERLYING WATER; LAKE; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; SORPTION; RELEASE; SHALLOW AB A three-dimensional water quality model (CCHE3D_WQ) was developed for simulating temporal and spatial variations of water quality with respect to phytoplankton, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen. Four major interacting systems were simulated, including phytoplankton dynamics, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, and dissolved oxygen balance. The effects of suspended and bed sediment on the water quality processes were also considered. The model was verified using analytical solutions for the transport of non-conservative substances in open channel flow, and then calibrated and validated by applying it to the study of the water quality of a natural shallow oxbow lake. The simulated time serial concentration of phytoplankton (as chlorophyll) and nutrients were generally in good agreement with field observations. Sensitivity studies were then conducted to demonstrate the impacts on water quality due to varying nutrients and suspended sediment loads to the chlorophyll concentration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Chao, XB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Carrier Hall 102, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chao@ncche.olemiss.edu NR 29 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.10.003 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141SF UT WOS:000244598300014 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Domingo, JB Sturtevant, BR Williams, JS Rudy, A Gustafson, EJ Mladenoff, DJ AF Scheller, Robert M. Domingo, James B. Sturtevant, Brian R. Williams, Jeremy S. Rudy, Arnold Gustafson, Eric J. Mladenoff, David J. TI Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE LANDIS-II; forest landscape simulation model; forest succession; disturbance; simulation model design; simulation model architecture; manitoba ID FOREST COMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; EXPLICIT; BIOMASS; USA; VARIABILITY AB We introduce LANDIS-II, a landscape model designed to simulate forest succession and disturbances. LANDIS-II builds upon and preserves the functionality of previous LANDIS forest landscape simulation models. LANDIS-Il is distinguished by the inclusion of variable time steps for different ecological processes; our use of a rigorous development and testing process used by software engineers; and an emphasis on collaborative features including a flexible, open architecture. We detail the variable time step logic and provide an over-view of the system architecture. Finally, we demonstrate model behavior and sensitivity to variable time steps through application to a large boreal forest landscape. We simulated pre-industrial forest fire regimes in order to establish base-line conditions for future management. Differing model time steps substantially altered our estimates of pre-industrial forest conditions. Where disturbance frequency is relatively high or successional processes long, the variable time steps may be a critical element for successful forest landscape modeling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Northcent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. ArborVitae Environm Serv Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada. KBM Forestry Consultants Inc, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rmscheller@wisc.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 NR 50 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.10.009 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141SF UT WOS:000244598300016 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Kobbeman, K Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Kobbeman, Kerri Montalbano, Beverly G. Cotty, Peter J. TI Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species from Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; phylogenetics; Aspergillus nomius; flavus; pseudotamarii; sclerotia ID SECTION FLAVI; NOMIUS; FUNGI; VARIABILITY AB Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species were isolated from soil samples from ten different regions within Thailand. Aspergillus flavus was present in all of the soil samples. Unlike previous studies, we found no A. parasiticus or A. flavus capable of both B- and G-type aflatoxin production in an), of the samples. A. pseudotamarii, which had not been previously reported from Thailand, was found in four soil samples. In two of the samples A. nomius was determined to be the most abundant aflatoxin-producing species. Based on sequence alignments for three DNA regions (Taka-amylase A (taa), the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the intergenic region for the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes aflJ and aflR) the A. nomius isolates separated into three well-supported clades. Isolates from one of the A. nomius clades had morphological properties similar to those found for S-type isolates capable of B and G aflatoxin production and could easily be mistaken for these isolates. Our results suggest that such unusual A. nomius isolates could be a previously unrecognized agent for aflatoxin contamination in Thailand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 RE Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.007 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 149LF UT WOS:000245147700005 PM 17055099 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS AF Ferreira, Jorge F. S. TI Nutrient deficiency in the production of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, and artemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L. SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE macronutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; pH; limestone; sweet wormwood ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; METABOLISM; MALARIA; PLANTS; TRIAL AB Artemisia annua became a valuable agricultural crop after the World Health Organization recommended artemisinin as a component of ACT (artemisinin-combination based therapies) for malaria in 2001. A cloned, greenhouse-grown, A. annua (Artemis) subjected to an acidic soil and macronutrient deficit was evaluated for artemisinin production. Lack of lime (L) and macronutrients (N, P, and K) reduced leaf biomass accumulation. When L was provided (pH 5.1), the highest average leaf biomass was achieved with the "complete" (+N, +P, +K, and +L) treatment (70.3 g/plant), and the least biomass was achieved with the untreated (-N, -P, -K, and -L) treatment (6.18 g/plant). The nutrient least required for biomass accumulation per plant (g) was K (49.0 g), followed by P (36.5 g) and N (14.3 g). The artemisinin concentration (g/100 g) was significantly higher (75.5%) in -K plants when compared to plants under the complete treatment (1.62 vs 0.93%). Although the artemisinin total yield (g/plant) was 21% higher in -K plants, it was not significantly different from plants under the complete treatment (0.80 vs 0.66 g/plant). There were no marked treatment effects for concentration (g/100 g) or yield (g/plant) of both dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid, although higher levels were achieved in plants under the complete or -K treatments. There was a positive and significant correlation between artemisinin and both artemisinic acid and dihydroartemisin acid, in g/100 g and g/plant. This is the first report where potassium deficiency significantly increases the concentration (g/100 g) of artemisinin. Thus, under a mild potassium deficiency, A. annua farmers could achieve similar gains in artemisinin/ha, while saving on potassium fertilization, increasing the profitability of artemisinin production. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jorge.Ferreira@ars.usda.gov OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1686 EP 1694 DI 10.1021/jf063017v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140HY UT WOS:000244496700006 PM 17295513 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Natarajan, SS Mahmoud, AA Nelson, RL AF Krishnan, Hari B. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Nelson, Randall L. TI Identification of glycinin and beta-conglycinin subunits that contribute to the increased protein content of high-protein soybean lines SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high-protein soybeans; protein composition; protein quality; proteomics ID HIGH SEED PROTEIN; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MAJOR PROTEINS; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; YIELD; REGISTRATION; OIL; METHIONINE AB Seed protein concentration of commercial soybean cultivars calculated on a dry weight basis ranges from approximately 37 to 42% depending on genotype and location. A concerted research effort is ongoing to further increase protein concentration. Several soybean plant introductions (PI) are known to contain greater than 50% protein. These PIs are exploited by breeders to incorporate the high-protein trait into commercial North American cultivars. Currently, limited information is available on the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate high-proteins. In this study, we have carried out proteomic and molecular analysis of seed proteins of LG00-13260 and its parental high-protein lines PI 427138 and BARC-6. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the high-protein lines accumulated increased amounts of beta-conglycinin and glycinins, when compared with Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis utilizing pH 4-7 and pH 6-11 ampholytes enabled improved resolution of soybean seed proteins. A total of 38 protein spots, representing the different subunits of beta-conglycinin and glycinin, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. High-protein was correlated with an increase in the accumulation of most of the subunits representing beta-conglycinin and glycinin. Comparisons of the amino acid profiles of high-protein soybean lines revealed that the concentration of sulfur amino acids, a reflection of protein quality, was not influenced by the protein concentration. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of genotypic variation at the DNA level between PI 427138 and BARC-6 for the genes encoding group1 glycinin, beta-conglycinin, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). LG00-13260 inherited the allelic variants of the parental line PI 427138 for glycinin, beta-conglycinin, and KTI, while BBI was inherited from the parental line BARC-6. The results of our study indicate that high-seed protein concentration is attributed to greater accumulation of specific components of beta-conglycinin and glycinin subunits presumably mediated by preferential expression of these genes during seed development. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1845 DI 10.1021/jf062497n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140HY UT WOS:000244496700028 PM 17266327 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Snook, ME Johnson, AW AF Anderson, William F. Snook, Maurice E. Johnson, Albert W. TI Flavonoids of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars varying in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) resistance SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zoysiagrass; Zoysia spp.; fall armyworm resistance; flavonoids; cluster analysis; dendrograms; genotyping ID BERMUDAGRASS CYNODON SPP.; GENETIC-VARIATION; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; DIFFERENTIATION; FINGERPRINTS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPES AB Flavonoid profiles of 12 zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) cultivars sampled six times in 1998 were correlated to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) larval weights and survival on replicated field-grown plant material and analyzed to determine genetic and seasonal variations of flavonoids among zoysiagrass cultivars. From multiple regression analyses and correlations, flavonoid peak 10 (luteolin-glucoside) had the greatest positive association with average fall armyworm weight; however, resistance appeared to be correlated with a number of other flavonoids.The flavonoid profiles of cultivars subjected to clustering procedures showed consistent genetic variability for five of six samplings and was used to genotype 23 cultivars. The dendrogram supported the results of the FASTCLUS procedure in clustering certain genotypes such as fall armyworm-resistant Cavalier and Zeon together, as well as J-36 and Meyer. Flavonoid evaluations measure genetic relatedness among cultivars and could be used for selective breeding of resistance to fall armyworm. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Pee Dee Res & Edudc Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM banderson@tifton.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1853 EP 1861 DI 10.1021/jf062376n PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140HY UT WOS:000244496700030 PM 17288435 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Lin, CH Leigh, ND AF Lerch, R. N. Lin, C. H. Leigh, N. D. TI Reaction pathways of the diketonitrile degradate of isoxaflutole with hypochlorite in water SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; diketonitrile degradate; benzoic acid degradate; hypochlorite; water treatment; cyclopropanecarboxylic acid; dichloroacetonitrile ID HERBICIDE ISOXAFLUTOLE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DRINKING-WATER; BALANCE; DIHALOACETONITRILES; CHLORINATION; PRODUCT; ACID; SOIL AB Isoxaflutole (IXF; Balance) belongs to a new class of isoxazole herbicides. Isoxaflutole has a very short half-life in soil and rapidly degrades to a stable and phytotoxic degradate, diketonitrile (DKN). DKN was previously discovered to rapidly react with hypochlorite (OCl-) in tap water, yielding the benzoic acid (BA) degradate as a major product, but the complete reaction pathway and mechanism have not been elucidated. Thus, the objectives of this work were to (1) determine the stoichiometry of the reaction between DKN and OCl-; (2) identify products in addition to BA; and (3) propose a complete pathway and reaction mechanism for oxidation of DKN by OCl-. Stoichiometry of the reaction showed a molar ratio of OCl-/DKN of 2. In addition, two previously uncharacterized chlorinated intermediates were identified under conditions in which OCl- was the limiting reactant. The proposed chemical structure of a chlorinated benzoyl intermediate was inferred from a series of HPLC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS experiments and the use of mass spectral simulation software. A chlorinated ketone intermediate was also identified using ion trap GC/MS. Two additional end products were also identified: cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CPCA) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN). On the basis of the reaction stoichiometry, the structure of the chlorinated intermediates, and the identification of the products, two reaction pathways are proposed. Both pathways involve a two-step nucleophilic attack and oxidation of the diketone structure of DKN, leading to formation of BA, DCAN, and CPCA. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA Agr Res Serv, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lerchr@missouri.edu OI Leigh, Nathan/0000-0003-0260-1224 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1893 EP 1899 DI 10.1021/jf062713s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140HY UT WOS:000244496700034 PM 17284050 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Smith, DJ Shappell, NW AF Hakk, Heldur Smith, David J. Shappell, Nancy W. TI Tissue residues, metabolism, and excretion of radiolabeled sodium chlorate (Na[Cl-36]O-3) in rats SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorate; chlorite; rats; metabolism; pathogen; preharvest food safety; chloride ID TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; COLI O157-H7 POPULATIONS; BEEF-CATTLE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DRINKING-WATER; PARENT CHLORATE; CHLORITE; REDUCTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERCHLORATE AB A novel preharvest technology that reduces certain pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals involves feeding an experimental sodium chlorate-containing product (ECP) to animals 24-72 h prior to slaughter. To determine the metabolism and disposition of the active ingredient in ECP, four male Sprague-Dawley (similar to 350 g) rats received a single oral dose of sodium [Cl-36] chlorate (3.0 mg/kg body weight). Urine, feces, and respired air were collected for 72 h. Radiochlorine absorption was 88-95% of the administered dose, and the major excretory route was the urine. Parent chlorate was the major species of radiochlorine present in urine at 6 h (similar to 98%) but declined sharply by 48 h (similar to 10%); chloride was the only other species of radiochlorine detected. Except for carcass remains (4.6% of dose), skin (3.2%), and gastrointestinal tract (1.3%), remaining tissues contained relatively low quantities of radioactivity, and > 98% of radiochlorine remaining in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle was chloride. Chlorite instability was demonstrated in rat urine and bovine urine. The previously reported presence of chlorite in excreta of chlorate-dosed rats was shown to be an artifact of the analytical methods employed. Results from this study indicate that chlorate is rapidly absorbed and reduced to chloride, but not chlorite, in rats. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM hakkh@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 5 BP 2034 EP 2042 DI 10.1021/jf062773y PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140HY UT WOS:000244496700054 PM 17279768 ER PT J AU Esper, J Buntgen, U Frank, DC Nievergelt, D Liebhold, A AF Esper, Jan Buentgen, Ulf Frank, David C. Nievergelt, Daniel Liebhold, Andrew TI 1200 years of regular outbreaks in alpine insects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; population dynamics; Zeiraphera diniana; tree rings; European Alps ID SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; BUD-MOTH CYCLE; POPULATION-CYCLES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARCH-BUDMOTH; EUROPEAN ALPS; TIME-SERIES; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; FOREST INSECTS AB The long-term history of Zeiraphera diniana Gn. (the larch budmoth, LBM) outbreaks was reconstructed from tree rings of host subalpine larch in the European Alps. This record was derived from 47 513 maximum latewood density measurements, and highlights the impact of contemporary climate change on ecological disturbance regimes. With over 1000 generations represented, this is the longest annually resolved record of herbivore population dynamics, and our analysis demonstrates that remarkably regular LBM fluctuations persisted over the past 1173 years with population peaks averaging every 9.3 years. These regular abundance oscillations recurred until 1981, with the absence of peak events during recent decades. Comparison with an annually resolved, millennium-long temperature reconstruction representative for the European Alps (r=0.72, correlation with instrumental data) demonstrates that regular insect population cycles continued despite major climatic changes related to warming during medieval times and cooling during the Little Ice Age. The late twentieth century absence of LBM outbreaks, however, corresponds to a period of regional warmth that is exceptional with respect to the last 1000+ years, suggesting vulnerability of an otherwise stable ecological system in a warming environment. C1 Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Esper, J (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM esper@wsl.ch RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Frank, David/C-7764-2013; Nievergelt, Daniel/J-7156-2012; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 53 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1610 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0191 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 125KB UT WOS:000243439700008 PM 17254991 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Bermudez, P Hirth, KC Srebotnik, E Hammel, KE AF Ortiz-Bermudez, Patricia Hirth, Kolby C. Srebotnik, Ewald Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Chlorination of lignin by ubiquitous fungi has a likely role in global organochlorine production SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chloroperoxidase; humus; hypochlorous acid; pleosporales; soil ID WEATHERING PLANT-MATERIAL; WEIGHT ORGANIC-MATTER; WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; CURVULARIA-INAEQUALIS; VANADIUM CHLOROPEROXIDASE; UNPOLLUTED WATERS; SOFT-ROT; WOOD; SOIL; DECHLORINATION AB Soils and decayed plant litter contain significant quantities of chlorinated aromatic polymers that have a natural but largely unknown origin. We used cupric oxide ligninolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to show that Curvularia inaequalis, a widely distributed litter ascomycete, chlorinated the aromatic rings of lignin in wood that it was degrading. In aspen wood decayed for 24 weeks, two chlorolignin fragments, 5-chlorovanillin and 2-chlorosyringaidehyde, were each found at approximate to 10 mu g/g of wood (dry weight). These levels resemble those of similar structures generally found in unpolluted environmental samples. Fractionation of the extractable proteins followed by tandem mass spectrometric analysis showed that the colonized wood contained a previously described C inaequalis chloroperoxidase that very likely catalyzed lignin chlorination. Chlorolignin produced by this route and humus derived from it are probably significant components of the global chlorine cycle because chloroperoxidase-producing fungi are ubiquitous in decaying lignocellulose and lignin is the earth's most abundant aromatic substance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Fak Tech Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 10 BP 3895 EP 3900 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610074104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZE UT WOS:000244972400042 PM 17360449 ER PT J AU Wagschal, K Franqui-Espiet, D Lee, CC Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Wagschal, Kurt Franqui-Espiet, Diana Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Robertson, George H. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Genetic and biochemical characterization of an alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase isolated from a compost starter mixture SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arabinofuranosidase; glycoside hydrolase family 43; compost; substrate inhibition; hemicellulose degradation ID GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS T-6; DETAILED KINETIC-ANALYSIS; CATALYTIC RESIDUES; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; DEGRADING ENZYMES; BETA-XYLOSIDASE; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; XYLOSE; BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of arabinoxylan biomass are becoming more important as the need to harness renewable energy sources becomes necessary. A gene encoding an alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase not previously described (1581 bp) was isolated from a culture seeded with a compost starter mixed bacterial population. Sequence analysis of the putative catalytic domain determined that the enzyme, termed deAFc, is a glycoside hydrolase family 43 member. The gene was cloned into Escherichia coli with a C-terminal His-tag and its recombinant product expressed and purified. deAFc appeared to be monomeric under the gel-permeation chromatography conditions employed, and kinetic analysis using several artificial glycoside substrates revealed K(m) values between 0.251 and 0.960 mM and k(eat) values between 0.13 and 1.22 s(-1). The purified enzyme was stable up to 45 degrees C, had an activity temperature optimum of 47 degrees C, and a pH profile that was essentially invariant between pH 5 and 8.5. deAFc was observed to release xylose only when incubated with synthetic xylopyranoside substrates, while release of arabinose was observed from arabinoxylan and branched arabinan as well as from synthetic chromophore or fluorophore-tagged alpha-L-arabinofuranoside substrates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Wagschal, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM kwagschal@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 147PT UT WOS:000245015600035 ER PT J AU Lopez, MJ Vargas-Garcia, MD Suarez-Estrella, F Nichols, NN Dien, BS Moreno, J AF Lopez, Maria J. del Carmen Vargas-Garcia, Maria Suarez-Estrella, Francisca Nichols, Nancy N. Dien, Bruce S. Moreno, Joaquin TI Lignocellulose-degrading enzymes produced by the ascomycete Coniochaeta ligniaria and related species: Application for a lignocellulosic substrate treatment SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignocellulose; cellulose; lignin peroxidase; manganese peroxidase; Coniochaeta ligniaria ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CHRYSONILIA-SITOPHILA; WHEAT-STRAW; SOFT-ROT; LACCASE; COMPLEX; DECOLORIZATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms are of interest for biomass upgrading. In a previous work, we isolated the ascomycete Coniochaeta ligniaria NRRL 30616 that metabolized phenolics and furans in lignocellulosic acid hydrolysates. This fungal isolate was investigated in the present work for the ability to produce lignocellulose-degrading enzymes during batch cultivation using different substrates as carbon source. This microorganism produced cellulase, xylanase and two lignin peroxidases (manganese peroxidase, MnP and lignin peroxidase, LiP), but laccase activity was not detected. The same enzyme activities were also found in 23 related fungal strains, and C ligniaria NRRL 30616 showed the highest levels for some of the enzymes. Treatment of pepper plant residues (PPR) with this fungus was monitored during 20 days in solid and semisolid-state cultures. It was found that all enzymes initially detected were produced under these conditions at the early culture stages (5 days) and lignocellulose polymers were consequently degraded. Losses of about 75%, 50% and 40% were obtained for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, respectively, in semisolid cultures after 20 days. The lignocellulolytic activity of C ligniaria detected in this study may be exploited for lignocellulosic biomass treatment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Almeria, Dept Biol Aplicada, E-04120 Almeria, Spain. USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lopez, MJ (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Biol Aplicada, CITE 2-B,La Canada San Urbano, E-04120 Almeria, Spain. EM mllopez@ual.es RI Suarez-Estrella, Francisca/H-3924-2015; OI Suarez Estrella, Francisca/0000-0003-2549-947X; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664; Lopez, Maria J./0000-0002-3153-3227 NR 49 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 794 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.012 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 147PT UT WOS:000245015600041 ER PT J AU Mertens, JA Skory, CD AF Mertens, Jeffrey A. Skory, Christopher D. TI Isolation and characterization of a second glucoamylase gene without a starch binding domain from Rhizopus oryzae SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glucoamylase; Rhizopus oryzae; gene expression ID SOLID-STATE CULTURE; ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS; 3 FORMS; SEQUENCE; GLAB; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Work with Rhizopus oryzae previously suggested that this filamentous fungus only had one glucoamylase gene. We demonstrate in this study that some R. oryzae strains contain multiple glucoamylase genes with differential regulation. The existence of the two unique, amy genes in R. oryzae NRRL 395, a Type-I strain, was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, restriction mapping, and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the amy genomic clones reveals extensive homology in the coding region, as well as the flanking ends. A notable difference is the amyB gene does not encode a starch binding domain and also contains a 24 bp insertion in the open reading frame that remains in the cDNA. In addition, isolation of the amyA and amyB cDNA demonstrates that the single common intron is spliced in an identical manner. The deduced amino acid sequence of the amy genes shares 91% homology, excluding the starch binding domain. The putative glucoamylase enzymes contain similar signal sequences, as well as conserved amino acid sequence regions found in family 15 glycoside hydrolases. Transcriptional analyses demonstrate that both amy genes are highly expressed on solid medium with low water activity. However, amyB demonstrates little or no expression in shake flask cultures with various carbon sources. Recombinant expression of AmyB in Pichia pastoris resulted in production of full-length protein, but no detectable glucoamylase activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mertens, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mertensj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.07.003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 147PT UT WOS:000245015600051 ER PT J AU Shimono, H Okada, M Kanda, E Arakawa, I AF Shimono, Hiroyuki Okada, Masumi Kanda, Eiji Arakawa, Ichiro TI Low temperature-induced sterility in rice: Evidence for the effects of temperature before panicle initiation SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cool damage; panicle development; simulation model; spikelet sterility; rice ID DIFFERENT GROWTH-STAGES; YOUNG MICROSPORE STAGE; SPIKELET STERILITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; COOLING TREATMENT; PLANTS; INJURY; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES; YIELD AB Spikelet sterility of rice (Oryza sativa L.) results from low temperatures during particle development. However, this temperature alone cannot fully explain the fluctuations in sterility observed in the field, since the susceptibility of rice plants to low temperature often changes according to its physiological status during sensitive stages. In the present study, we examined whether temperatures before the particle initiation stage (PI) influence the plant's susceptibility to sterility during panicle development. To test this, we conducted a 2-year pot study and an analysis of field data using a model of cooling degree-days (CDD). In the pot study, the air temperature (T-a) and water temperature (T-w) were controlled independently for 3 weeks during the vegetative growth stage before PI. After PI, the plants were submerged in a cool water bath at a critical temperature of 19.5 degrees C to induce floral sterility. We found that low T-w during vegetative growth significantly increased the sterility. Low T-a during vegetative growth also significantly increased the sterility, but this effect was diminished by warm T-w even at low T-a. There was a close and negative correlation between sterility and T-w during vegetative growth. In the analysis of field data, we introduced CDD using temperatures below a threshold level of 20 degrees C to represent the magnitude of the exposure to low temperature from PI to the heading stage. Data of T-a was used for this analysis because data of T-w was scare. The CDD model was applied to 77 independent data sets collected at nine Agricultural Research Centers during four typical cool summers (1980, 1988, 1993, and 2003) in northern Japan. Year-to-year variations in sterility at one site were roughly accounted for by the variations in CDD, but large deviations were observed among the years. The deviations were related to T-a averaged over the 30-day period before PI. For a similar level of CDD, the lower the T-a before PI, the greater the sterility. Similar deviations were observed in the between-site relationships between sterility and CDD, and these deviations were related with the T-a before PI. These results suggest that temperatures before PI, and especially T-w change the susceptibility of a rice plant to low temperatures during panicle development. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Agr Res Ctr, Shimokuriyagawa, Iwate 0200198, Japan. Fukushima Agr Technol Ctr, Fukushima 9696506, Japan. RP Shimono, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shimn@affrc.go.jp NR 34 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.11.010 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 135KY UT WOS:000244153700010 ER PT J AU Lei, Y Wu, QL Clemons, CM AF Lei, Yong Wu, Qinglin Clemons, Craig M. TI Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/clay hybrids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clay; composites; polyethylene; preparation; recycling ID POLYETHYLENE-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MELT INTERCALATION; BARRIER PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERIZATION AB Hybrids based on recycled high density polyethylene (RHDPE) and organic clay were made by melt compounding. The influence of blending method, compatibilizers, and clay content on clay intercalation and exfoliation, RHDPE crystallization behavior, and the mechanical properties of RHDPE/clay hybrids were investigated. Both maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and titanate could improve the compatibilization. of RHDPE and clay. RHDPE/clay hybrids containing completely exfoliated clay were obtained using a two-step blending method. Without compatibilizers, the clay could not be exfoliated, and it lowered the crystallization peak temperature, crystallinity level, and the long period of RHDPE. MAPE and clay layers could act as dheterogeneous nucleating agents for RHDPE. The titanate had a little influence on crystallization behavior of RHDPE. Adding clay to RHDPE reduced the impact strength but had little influence on the tensile strength. Both the storage and loss moduli increased with up to 5% of clay in hybrids containing CAPS, and there was an about 44% increase in impact strength of RHDPE/clay hybrid containing 5% MAPE compared with that of the hybrid containing no MAPE. The clay presence lowered the thermal stability of RHDPE. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA Forest Prod, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lei, Y (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM yonglei168@hotmail.com; wuqing@lsu.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 5 BP 3056 EP 3063 DI 10.1002/app.25435 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 129YD UT WOS:000243765100036 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Appell, M AF Maragos, Chris M. Appell, Michael TI Capillary electrophoresis of the mycotoxin zearalenone using cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; zearalenone; mycotoxins; cyclodextrins; maize ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; FEED; CORN; FOOD; DEOXYNIVALENOL; EXTRACTION; CLEANUP; SAMPLES AB Certain of the cyclodextrins are capable of significantly enhancing the native fluorescence of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN). Twenty-two cyclodextrins (CDs) were screened for their ability to enhance the fluorescence of ZEN in a capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) format. Of the CDs that were examined heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD gave the greatest enhancement. The heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD was applied to the development of a CE-LIF method for detection of ZEN in maize. The resulting method was capable of detecting ZEN with a limit of quantitation of 5 ng/g maize. Recoveries of ZEN from maize spiked over the range from 5 ng/g to 500 ng/g averaged 103.1 +/- 8.5% (n = 20). The CE-LIF method will be useful for future studies of ZEN in maize. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 1143 IS 1-2 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.085 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 140ZX UT WOS:000244546700030 PM 17207492 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Gould, WA Gonzalez, OMR AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Gould, William A. Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M. TI Land development, land use, and urban sprawl in Puerto Rico integrating remote sensing and population census data SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE land development; urban cover; urban sprawl; population census; land use; remote sensing; Puerto Rico ID UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; DESCRIBE AB The island of Puerto Rico has both a high population density and a long history of ineffective land use planning. This study integrates geospatial technology and population census data to understand how people use and develop the lands. We define three new regions for Puerto Rico: Urban (16%), Densely Populated Rural (36%), and Sparsely Populated Rural (48%). Eleven percent of the island is composed of urban/built-up surfaces. A large part of these developments occur in both low-density patterns of construction and sparsely populated neighborhoods. Half of the urban development occurs outside of urban centers. This analysis helps differentiate zones in the landscape with different uses and conditions, identifying not only urban and rural settings, but also the interface where development occurs in a territory dominated by forests and pastures, analogous to a wildland urban interface. The ineffective plan of land development has left a high degree of urban sprawl in 40% of island, where cities and towns appear typically surrounded by sprawl. The San Juan Metropolitan Area is one of the most expanded urbanized areas with a population of 2-2.5 million, comparable with the most sprawled cities of the U.S. mainland. This study reinforces the need for an efficient land use planning, and provides information to support research and planning efforts related to land development and conservation. It represents the first approach integrating satellite imagery with population census data for studying the human environment in the Caribbean. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry IITF, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Natl Univ La Plata, LISEA, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry IITF, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR USA. EM smartinuzzi@fs.fed.us; wgould@fs.fed.us; oramos@fs.fed.us OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 NR 38 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 7 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.02.014 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 141NC UT WOS:000244584600009 ER PT J AU Troen, AM French, EE Roberts, JF Selhub, J Ordovas, JM Parnell, LD Lai, CQ AF Troen, Aron M. French, Emily E. Roberts, Jessica F. Selhub, Jacob Ordovas, Jose M. Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang TI Lifespan modification by glucose and methionine in Drosophila melanogaster fed a chemically defined diet SO AGE LA English DT Article DE aging; amino acid; caloric restriction; demography; dietary restriction; Drosophila; longevity; methionine; mortality; nutrition ID AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; AMES DWARF MICE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; EXCESS METHIONINE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; AMINO-ACIDS; RATS; METABOLISM; LONGEVITY; NUTRIENTS AB Experimentally restricting dietary calories, while maintaining adequate dietary nutrient content, extends lifespan in phylogenetically diverse species; thus suggesting the existence of conserved pathways which can modify lifespan in response to energy intake. However, in some cases the impact on longevity may depend on the quality of the energy source. In Drosophila, restriction of dietary yeast yields considerable lifespan extension whereas isocaloric restriction of dietary sugar yields only modest extension, indicating that other diet-responsive pathways can modify lifespan in this species. In rodents, restricting intake of a single amino acid - methionine - extends lifespan. Here we show that dietary methionine can modify lifespan in adult female, non-virgin Oregon-R strain Drosophila fed a chemically defined media. Compared to a diet containing 0.135% methionine and 15% glucose, high dietary methionine (0.405%) shortened maximum lifespan by 2.33% from 86 to 84 days and mean lifespan by 9.55% from 71.7 to 64.9 days. Further restriction of methionine to 0.045% did not extend maximum lifespan and shortened mean lifespan by 1.95% from 71.1 to 70.3 days. Restricting glucose from 15% to 5% while holding methionine at a concentration of 0.135%, modestly extended maximum lifespan by 5.8% from 86 to 91 days, without extending mean lifespan. All these diet-induced changes were highly significant (log-rank p < 0.0001). Notably, all four diets resulted in considerably longer life spans than those typically reported for flies fed conventional yeast and sugar based diets. Such defined diets can be used to identify lifespan-modifying pathways and specific gene-nutrient interactions in Drosophila. C1 Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Troen, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM aron.troen@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 56 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11357-006-9018-4 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 162QE UT WOS:000246102400003 PM 19424828 ER PT J AU McNamara, PE Miller, GY Liu, X Barber, DA AF McNamara, Paul E. Miller, Gay Y. Liu, Xuanli Barber, David A. TI A farm-to-fork stochastic simulation model of pork-borne salmonellosis in humans: Lessons for risk ranking SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economic Measures of Interventions CY DEC, 2004 CL Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA SP Food Safety Res Consortium HO Univ Massachusetts Amherst ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; UNITED-STATES; ENTERICA; PREHARVEST; PREVALENCE; SWINE; PRODUCTS; IMPACT; DEATH AB A food systems perspective offers many appealing analytic features to food safety researchers with an interest in the design and targeting of effective and efficient policy responses to the risks posed by foodborne pathogens. These features include the ability to examine comparative questions such as whether it is more efficient to target food safety interventions on-farm or in the food processing plant. Using the example of a farm-to-fork stochastic simulation model of Salmonella in the pork production and consumption system, the authors argue the feasibility of such a food systems approach for food-safety risk assessment and policy analysis. They present an overview of the farm-to-fork model and highlight key assumptions and methods employed. Lessons from their experience in constructing a farm-to-fork stochastic simulation model are derived for consideration in other food safety risk assessment efforts and for researchers interested in developing "best practice" benchmarks in the area of food safety risk assessments. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. RP McNamara, PE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mcnamar@uiuc.edu; gymiller@uiuc.edu; liux@fvsu.edu; David.A.Barber@apnis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD SPR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1002/agr.20115 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 212EQ UT WOS:000249576800002 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M Moore, D AF Ollinger, Michael Moore, Danna TI Food safety approaches to examining HACCP costs and performance and technologies SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Economic Measures of Interventions CY DEC, 2004 CL Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA SP Food Safety Res Consortium HO Univ Massachusetts Amherst ID INDUSTRY; PLANTS; EXIT AB In this article, the authors describe the survey methodology needed to obtain data to support several empirical analyses dealing with food safety issues. The most striking finding about the survey methodology was the much higher response rate due to the use of priority mail and an incentive payment of $5 versus priority mail only or first-class mail only. Letters of support from the major meat and poultry trade associations and the up to five contacts of potential survey respondents by the surveying organization also appear to have improved the response rate. Overall, the survey methodology yielded nearly 1,000 responses from 1,705 possible meat and poultry plants on their costs of compliance with the Pathogen Reduction /Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point rule of 1996, plant characteristics, and use of food safety technologies and practices. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Washington State Univ, Social & Econ Sci Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ollinger@ers.usda.gov; moored@wsu.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD SPR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 193 EP 210 DI 10.1002/agr.20122 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 212EQ UT WOS:000249576800004 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Rotz, CA Skinner, RH AF Corson, Michael S. Rotz, C. Alan Skinner, R. Howard TI Evaluating warm-season grass production in temperate-region pastures: A simulation approach SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; temperate-region pastures; switchgrass; plant physiology; nutritive value; model evaluation ID PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY FARMS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; MEASURED VALUES; ALMANAC MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SPUR MODEL; GROWTH; NITROGEN AB The pasture submodel of the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) was modified to simulate the biomass production and nutritive dynamics of a warm-season (C-4) grass monoculture. Predictions of yield and nutritive value were calibrated and evaluated with 5 years of field data from grazed switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) pastures in Pennsylvania, USA. Uncertainty analysis of biomass at the beginning of each growth cycle showed that each estimated yield was sensitive to the amount of biomass that started its growth cycle but not to those of previous growth cycles. Sensitivity analysis showed that predicted yield was most sensitive to physiological parameters such as proportion of photosynthate partitioned to shoots, specific leaf area, structural growth per unit carbohydrate, leaf photosynthetic efficiency, and the light extinction coefficient. Sensitivity of yield to maximum rooting depth increased during periods of drought. For 10 of 13 simulated sampling dates, confidence intervals of field-observed and predicted mean yield overlapped, and half of predicted mean annual yields were within +/- 32% of observed values. The model predicted seasonal crude protein (half of predictions within +/- 25%), neutral detergent fiber (all within +/- 12%), and in vitro true digestibility (all within +/- 16%) more accurately. Refining the model's representation of warm-season grass phenology and calibrating it to simulate other field experiments may improve predictions of seasonal biomass production. The whole-farm model with a warm-season grass component will provide a useful research and teaching tool for evaluating the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of dairy and beef production systems in warm temperate regions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM misccorson@yahoo.com RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971; NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 252 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.06.001 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 134JB UT WOS:000244078200012 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP Franzluebbers, AJ AF Russelle, Michael P. Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Introduction to "Symposium: Integrated crop-livestock systems for profit and sustainability" SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russelle@umn.edu NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0295 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000001 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP Entz, MH Franzluebbers, AJ AF Russelle, Michael P. Entz, Martin H. Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Reconsidering integrated crop-livestock systems in north America SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems for Profit and Sustainability CY NOV 08, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA, CSSA, SSSA ID GREAT-PLAINS; DAIRY FARMS; CROP/LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; INORGANIC NITROGEN; MANURE NITROGEN; PRODUCT QUALITY; BEEF-CATTLE; SOIL; ALFALFA AB Although integrated crop-tivestock systems have been employed globally for millennia, in the past century, farmers in North America have tended toward increased specialization. There is renewed interest in reintegrating crops and livestock because of concerns about natural resource degradation, the profitability and stability of farm income, long-term sustainability, and increasing regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations. Integrated crop-livestock systems could foster diverse cropping systems, including the use of perennial and legume forages, which could be grown in selected areas of the landscape to achieve multiple environmental benefits. Integrated systems inherently would utilize animal manure, which enhances soil tilth, fertility, and C sequestration. Integration of crops and livestock could occur within a farm or among farms. Both scales of integration rely on farmers' knowledge, motivation, and resources. Despite the numerous benefits that could accrue if farms moved toward on-farm or among-farm integration of crops and livestock, the complexity of such systems could constrain adoption. However, farmers should expect that adoption of integrated crop-livestock systems would enhance both profitability and environmental sustainability of their farms and communities. The combination of system complexity and potential for public benefit justify the establishment of a new national or international research initiative to overcome constraints and move North American agriculture toward greater profitability and sustainability. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Res Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM russelle@umn.edu NR 110 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 91 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0139 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000002 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Integrated crop-livestock systems in the southeastern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems for Profit and Sustainability CY NOV 08, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP ASA, CSSA, SSSA ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; NO-TILL CORN; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; FORAGE PRODUCTION; SOIL COMPACTION; FESCUEGRASS SOD; FARMING SYSTEMS; CYST NEMATODES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; GRAZING WHEAT AB Opportunities to integrate crops and livestock are abundant throughout the southeastern USA due to a mild climate and a rich natural resource base that can produce different crops throughout the year. Although not currently common, integration of forage and grazing animals with cropping systems could benefit both production and environmental goals. This report summarizes research from some of the key components that could produce viable integrated crop-livestock production systems: sod-based crop rotation, cover cropping, intercropping, and conservation tillage. Sod-based crop rotations have been effective in breaking pest cycles and restoring soil organic matter, which critically controls a wide diversity of key soil and plant properties and processes. Cover cropping by itself has many agronomic benefits, but its adoption appears to be limited, because of cost without immediate economic benefit. Grazing of cover crops could provide an immediate economic benefit to producers, especially with the development of conservation tillage technologies to avoid deterioration of soil and water quality. The potential for advancement of integrated crop-livestock systems is exemplified in a few current research projects in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions. With greater integration of crops and livestock, new management guidelines and experiences will be needed, but the quantity and quality of production and economic return could increase, while at the same time placing less degrading pressure on soil and water resources. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 78 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0076 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000005 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Spokas, K Gesch, RW Isbell, TA Archer, DW AF Forcella, Frank Spokas, Kurt Gesch, Russ W. Isbell, Terry A. Archer, David W. TI Swathing and windrowing as harvest aids for Cuphea SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; SEED YIELD; OIL AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) is a potential new oilseed crop for temperate regions. Harvesting problems occur because current varieties are nondeterminate and shatter seeds. Because swathing may help overcome some of these problems, cuphea was swathed and allowed to dry in windrows for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk before combining. Measured variables at the time of combining were windrow weight, seed water content, seed yield, seed oil content, and post-swathing evaporation (E-ps). Windrow weights decreased from about 40 to 14 Mg ha(-1) as combining was delayed until 3 wk after swathing. Weights decreased over time due to dehydration and leaf abscission, and they were associated hyperbolically with E-ps. Similarly, seed water content decreased from about 670 g kg(-1) at swathing to about 250 g kg(-1) at 30 turn E-ps. Seed shattering apparently was low as high yields were maintained each year until after at least 30 mm Eps. Seed oil content was affected only slightly by delayed combining dates. Thus, swathing and windrowing cuphea and delaying combining until 30 turn E-ps substantially decreased the weight of material processed by the combine, reduced seed water content, but maintained high seed yields and seed oil contents. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0041 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000012 ER PT J AU White, JW Boote, KJ Hoogenboom, G Jones, PG AF White, Jeffrey W. Boote, Kenneth J. Hoogenboom, Gerrit Jones, Peter G. TI Regression-based evaluation of ecophysiological models SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP SIMULATION-MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENETIC COEFFICIENTS; MAIZE PRODUCTION; YIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; ADAPTATION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB Ecophysiological models are increasingly used as research and decision support tools in agriculture, but it is often difficult to assess how suitable a model is for a particular application. Model evaluations usually involve bivariate linear regression between observed and simulated values, which assumes statistical independence among observed values. However, observed data often have dependencies if they originate from series of experiments or involve experiments using nested designs (e.g., with split plots). By representing experiments, cultivars, or other variables as factors, linear regression models can specify expected dependencies, permitting analyses that are statistically more rigorous and provide more insights into model performance. This study evaluated the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Soybean model using regressions that included environment and cultivars as factors as well as continuous variables such as temperature or daylength. When applied to 28 data sets for soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.], representing 113 treatment combinations, the regressions showed that the model simulated days to anthesis and grain yield well for a wide range of environments. Differences among environments represented a larger portion of unexplained variation than did differences among cultivars. Further improvements thus might be sought in modeling crop response to environment rather than in representing cultivar differences, or alternatively, in characterizing soil profiles or daily weather rather than cultivars. A submodel for photosynthesis that scaled leaf-level values to canopy simulated grain yield more accurately than a simpler submodel. Multiple regressions provided much more information on model performance than simple bivariate comparisons. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jwhite@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010; OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0100 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000013 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Burson, BL Evers, GW Williams, JR Sanchez, H Wade, C Featherston, JW Greenwade, J AF Kiniry, J. R. Burson, B. L. Evers, G. W. Williams, J. R. Sanchez, H. Wade, C. Featherston, J. W. Greenwade, J. TI Coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and native range simulation at diverse sites in Texas SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; TROPICAL GRASSES; ALMANAC MODEL; YIELD; HARVEST; MAIZE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; EXCHANGE; GROWTH AB Effective comparisons of natural grasslands and improved pasture require a robust model for plant growth, soil water balance, runoff, soil erosion, and climatic impacts. Our first objective was to develop plant parameters in the field that enabled the ALMANAC model to simulate growth of coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge var saurae Parodi), and some common native, warm-season grasses. Parameters included leaf area, light interception, biomass growth, and nitrogen concentration. The maximum leaf area index values of coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass were near 2.2. Those for native grasses other than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were much less. Mean values for light extinction coefficient ranged from 0.7 to 2.1. Radiation use efficiency values for four of the five measured grass species were between 1.0 and 2.0 g MJ(-1). Grass [N] values showed similar patterns of seasonal change among species. Our second objective was to use these grass parameters to simulate biomass production of coastal bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and some native grasses on representative soils in several counties in a number of regions of Texas. Counties and soils that were simulated represented a diversity of sites in Texas where improved grasses and native grasses are grown. The ALMANAC model reasonably simulated biomass means and SDs for native grasses, coastal bermudagrass, and bahiagrass. The model is a realistic tool to simulate effects of soil type and weather on native and improved grass productivity on such diverse sites. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76513 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Overton, TX 75684 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Temple, TX 76513 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. USDA, NRCS, Cameron, TX 76520 USA. USDA, NRCS, Temple, TX 76501 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76513 USA. EM jkiniry@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 450 EP 461 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0119 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000016 ER PT J AU Torbert, HA Ingram, JT Prior, SA AF Torbert, H. A. Ingram, J. T. Prior, S. A. TI Planter aid for heavy residue conservation tillage systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP; NITROGEN AB The use of conservation tillage systems has many crop production advantages. However, plant residue left on the soil surface makes planting the crop more difficult. One potential problem is that standing residue often gets caught in the moving mechanisms of the planter, causing the planter to become clogged. To overcome this constraint, a forward residue mover was constructed. The forward residue mover pushes the standing residue away from the planter and prevents entanglement in the row cleaner mechanism. The device is constructed of a rigid steel frame and uses attached flexible hoses to move the standing residue away from the moving mechanism of the planter as it travels across the field. A description of the forward residue mover is given. Use of this device greatly improves planter performance by preventing clogging of the moving parts of the planter. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. John Ingram & Sons Farm, Opelika, AL 36804 USA. RP Torbert, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM atorbert@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 478 EP 480 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0114 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000019 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Gavin, WE Mueller-Warrant, GW Griffith, SM Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM AF Steiner, J. J. Gavin, W. E. Mueller-Warrant, G. W. Griffith, S. M. Whittaker, G. W. Banowetz, G. M. TI Conservation practices in western Oregon perennial grass seed systems: III. Impacts on gray-tailed vole activity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROTUS-CANICAUDUS; POPULATION; COVER; TERM AB Decreased use of field burning to dispose of straw after harvest of temperate grass seed crops and the implementation of alternative conservation practices including direct seeding (DS) and maximal residue (HR) management have raised questions whether certain pests such as the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) are worse than before these changes. The number of vole burrow holes was determined 15 Jan. 1999 at two research locations in western Oregon. Comparisons were made for the effects of DS and conventional tillage (CT) establishment, maximal and minimal residue (LR) management, present perennial seed crops, and immediate-prior crop in the rotation sequence and two-crops-prior in the rotation sequence. The treatments that most greatly influenced vole activity were crop establishment method and the previous crop in the rotation sequence. Vole activity was greatest in DS tillage establishment and when perennial grass seed was the prior crop in the rotation sequence. A possible production strategy to reduce vole activity could be to include meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Benth.) or cereals in the rotation sequences when DS perennial grass seed crops are grown. This research demonstrates how vole activity can be reduced in perennial grass seed crops, without the need for tillage before establishment of new stands. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeffrey.steiner@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0165 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000027 ER PT J AU Baker, JT AF Baker, Jeffrey T. TI Cotton seedling abrasion and recovery from wind blown sand SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; WINDBLOWN SAND; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; SANDBLAST INJURY; PLANTS; EROSION; FIELD; SURVIVAL; DAMAGE AB Millions of hectares of crops are exposed to wind blown sand abrasion each year, and in many instances the damage is thought to be severe enough to require replanting. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of wind blown sand abrasion duration on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. Seedlings of three cotton cultivars were exposed to wind velocities of 13.4 m s(-1) with sand abrasive flux density of 0.42 g cm(-1) width s(-1) for six treatment durations ranging from 0 to 40 min. Plants were destructively sampled at the time of the sand abrasion treatment and also at approximate to 2 and 4 wk after exposure. These three sampling dates provided two time intervals for assessing the amount of plant damage and regrowth using classical growth analysis. With increasing sand abrasion treatment time, leaf area and leaf, stem, and total shoot biomass were all reduced while final number of main-stem nodes increased (P <= 0.05). Cultivar differences in leaf mass were significant only at the second destructive sampling date (P <= 0.05). For the first harvest interval, between the first and second destructive sampling, shoot relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased with increasing sand abrasion treatment time. Regrowth during the second harvest interval revealed the opposite pattern, with RGR and NAR both increasing with increasing sand abrasion treatment time. In both harvest intervals, variation in RGR depended mainly on NAR rather than leaf area ratio (LAR). These results indicate that, despite near-complete defoliation at the longest treatment duration of 40 min, cotton plants receiving this level of damage in the field may not require replanting. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM jtbaker@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 556 EP 561 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0256 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000030 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Halvorson, AD Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD AF Krupinsky, J. M. Halvorson, A. D. Tanaka, D. L. Merrill, S. D. TI Nitrogen and tillage effects on wheat leaf spot diseases in the northern great plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL CROPPING SYSTEM; SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; AGRONOMIC PRACTICES; PLANT-DISEASE; SOIL-NITROGEN; WATER STORAGE; GRAIN-YIELD; NO-TILL AB There is a need for management practices in cropping systems that can reduce the impact of plant diseases. Leaf spot diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for 11 yr to determine the influence of tillage, N fertilization, and cultivar on disease severity in a long-term cropping system project, which included two cropping systems {spring wheat (SWF)-fallow and annual cropping [spring wheat (SWA)-winter wheat (WWA)-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]}. The major leaf spot diseases were tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch. In low precipitation years, the impacts of management practices on leaf spot disease severity were minimal. No-till (NT) did not consistently increase the severity of leaf spot diseases. During the drier years, NT had the advantage of conserving soil water while not increasing the risk to leaf spot diseases. When N treatments influenced leaf spot disease severity, higher levels of disease severity were associated with the low-N fertilizer treatment compared with higher levels of N fertilization. When a tillage X N treatment interaction was significant, disease severity was higher with NT at the low N treatment, but at the high N treatment the differences among tillage treatments were greatly reduced or eliminated. This indicates an advantage of using adequate N fertilizer especially with NT under our environmental conditions. When differences in leaf spot diseases for cultivars were evident, Roughrider winter wheat had higher levels of disease severity compared with Norstar; however, the differences between the spring wheat cultivars Butte86 and Stoa were not consistent for both cropping systems. Producers should integrate a combination of management practices to develop a consistent long-term strategy for disease management suited to their production system and location. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 0459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0263 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000031 ER PT J AU Lyon, DJ Nielsen, DC Felter, DG Burgener, PA AF Lyon, Drew J. Nielsen, David C. Felter, Douglas G. Burgener, Paul A. TI Choice of summer fallow replacement crops impacts subsequent winter wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; STORAGE EFFICIENCY; PRECIPITATION USE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WATER-CONTENT; SOIL-WATER; YIELD; SUNFLOWER; ROTATION AB Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the foundation of dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of four short-season spring-planted crops used to replace summer fallow on the subsequent winter wheat crop. Wheat was seeded into four crop stubbles [spring triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)] at sites near Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE, in the fall of 2004 and 2005. These summer fallow replacement crops were planted into silt loam soils at three different soil water levels at planting (low, medium, and high). Winter wheat water use was 3.6 cm greater, and grain yield was 662 kg ha(-1) greater in the high water treatment compared with the low water treatment averaged across all sites and years. Winter wheat used an average of 4.3 cm more water following early planted summer crops (triticale and dry pea) than after late planted summer crops (foxtail and proso millet), but this increased water use did not consistently translate into increased grain yield as a result of terminal drought at Sidney in 2006. The high water treatment always had a positive net return. The high cost of pea seed ($3.30 kg(-1), USD) strongly reduced profitability. The flexible summer fallow cropping system appears to be most applicable when using short-duration summer annual forage crops such as triticale and foxtail millet. C1 Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. John Deere, Davenport, IA 52807 USA. RP Lyon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave 1, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM dlyon1@unl.edu RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 578 EP 584 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0287 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 151KW UT WOS:000245290000033 ER PT J AU Miglia, KJ McArthur, ED Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ Zak, JC Freeman, DC AF Miglia, Kathleen J. McArthur, E. Durant Redman, Regina S. Rodriguez, Russell J. Zak, John C. Freeman, D. Carl TI Genotype, soil type, and locale effects on reciprocal transplant vigor, endophyte growth, and microbial functional diversity of a narrow sagebrush hybrid zone in Salt Creek, Canyon, Utah SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; big sagebrush; endophyte; fitness; functional microbial diversity; hybrid zone; reciprocal transplant experiment; Salt Creek Canyon ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FUNGAL DIVERSITY; ASTERACEAE; FITNESS; HYBRIDIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; MYCORRHIZAS; POPULATIONS; SPECIATION AB When addressing the nature of ecological adaptation and environmental factors limiting population ranges and contributing to speciation, it is important to consider not only the plant's genotype and its response to the environment, but also any close interactions that it has with other organisms, specifically, symbiotic microorganisms. To investigate this, soils and seedlings were reciprocally transplanted into common gardens of the big sagebrush hybrid zone in Salt Creek Canyon, Utah, to determine location and edaphic effects on the fitness of parental and hybrid plants. Endophytic symbionts and functional microbial diversity of indigenous and transplanted soils and sagebrush plants were also examined. Strong selection occurred against the parental genotypes in the middle hybrid zone garden in middle hybrid zone soil; F, hybrids had the highest fitness under these conditions. Neither of the parental genotypes had superior fitness in their indigenous soils and habitats; rather F, hybrids with the nonindigenous maternal parent were superiorly fit. Significant garden-by-soil type interactions indicate adaptation of both plant and soil microorganisms to their indigenous soils and habitats, most notably in the middle hybrid zone garden in middle hybrid zone soil. Contrasting performances of F, hybrids suggest asymmetrical gene flow with mountain, rather than basin, big sagebrush acting as the maternal parent. We showed that the microbial community impacted the performance of parental and hybrid plants in different soils, likely limiting the ranges of the different genotypes. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miglia, KJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM kmiglia@sun.science.wayne.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 28 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 94 IS 3 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.3.425 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 148TM UT WOS:000245097500012 PM 21636412 ER PT J AU Vieth, R Bischoff-Ferrari, H Boucher, BJ Dawson-Hughes, B Garland, CF Heaney, RP Holick, MF Hollis, BW Lamberg-Allardt, C McGrath, JJ Norman, AW Scragg, R Whiting, SJ Willett, WC Zittermann, A AF Vieth, Reinhold Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Boucher, Barbara J. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Garland, Cedric F. Heaney, Robert P. Holick, Michael F. Hollis, Bruce W. Lamberg-Allardt, Christel McGrath, John J. Norman, Anthony W. Scragg, Robert Whiting, Susan J. Willett, Walter C. Zittermann, Armin TI The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; GIRLS; OLDER; RISK C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Populat Hlth, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Div Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Heart Ctr N Rhine Westfalia, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Bochum, Germany. Univ London, Ctr Diabet & Metab Med, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, London, England. Queensland Ctr Schizophrenia Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Psychiat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Helsinki, Finland. RP Vieth, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM rvietha@mtsinai.on.ca RI McGrath, John/G-5493-2010; OI McGrath, John/0000-0002-4792-6068; Scragg, Robert/0000-0003-0013-2620; Boucher, Barbara J/0000-0003-1206-7555; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel/0000-0001-7326-1904 NR 18 TC 425 Z9 454 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900002 PM 17344484 ER PT J AU Corcoran, MP Lamon-Fava, S Fielding, RA AF Corcoran, Michael P. Lamon-Fava, Steania Fielding, Roger A. TI Skeletal muscle lipid deposition and insulin resistance: effect of dietary fatty acids and exercise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE insulin resistance; skeletal muscle; intramyocellular triacylglycerol; dietary fat; exercise ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER TRANSLOCATION; INDUCED TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; TYPE-2 DIABETIC PARENTS; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; HEALTHY-YOUNG WOMEN AB Mounting evidence indicates that elevated intramyocellular triacylglycerol concentrations are associated with diminished insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. This lipid accumulation is most likely due to enhanced fatty acid uptake into the muscle coupled with diminished mitochondrial lipid oxidation. The excess fatty acids are esterified and either stored or metabolized to various molecules that may participate or interfere with normal cellular signaling, particularly insulin-mediated signal transduction, thus altering cellular and, subsequently, whole-body glucose metabolism. Impaired insulin responsiveness, if not managed, can further progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus, an all too common condition. For most of the human population this is avoidable, given that causes of intramyocellular lipid deposition are predominantly lifestyle-mediated. Chronic over-consumption of calories coupled with deleterious intakes of saturated or trans-unsaturated fatty acids inconsistent with the recommendations outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans have been shown to increase the risk of insulin resistance. Furthermore, lack of exercise, which can have a profound effect on skeletal muscle lipid turnover, is implicated in this lipid-induced insulin resistance. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of elevated intramyocellular lipids on insulin signaling and how these effects may be altered by varying dietary fat composition and exercise. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, MPC & SLF, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, RAF, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Corcoran, MP (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, MPC & SLF, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM michael.corcoran@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL069772] NR 222 TC 134 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 662 EP 677 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900004 PM 17344486 ER PT J AU Lynch, MF Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Chen, ZS Hamzo, M Abrams, SA AF Lynch, Mary Frances Griffin, Ian J. Hawthorne, Keli M. Chen, Zhensheng Hamzo, Maria Abrams, Steven A. TI Calcium balance in 1-4-y-old children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium absorption; stable isotopes; bioavailability; nutrient requirements ID BONE MASS; ABSORPTION; GIRLS; RETENTION; WOMEN; AGE AB Background: Few calcium balance data are available from young children on which to base dietary recommendations. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between calcium intake and balance in healthy children aged 1-4 y consuming typical American diets. Design: Subjects were assigned to a diet with nutrient intakes similar to those of their usual diet. Calcium absorption was assessed by using a dual-tracer stable-isotope technique. Endogenous fecal excretion was measured in a subset of children, and net calcium balance was calculated. Results: Mean calcium intake was 551 mg/d (range: 124-983 mg/d), and mean (+/- SEM) calcium retention was 161 +/- 17 mg/d. Both linear and nonlinear modeling of balance data showed that a calcium intake of approximate to 470 mg/d led to calcium retention of 140 mg/d, which is the amount that meets expected bone growth needs in children of this age. No evidence was found that calcium intakes of 800 to 900 mg/d reached the threshold intake beyond which no additional increase in calcium retention would occur. Conclusions: Bone growth needs in 1-4-y-old children following American diets are met by a daily calcium intake of approximate to 470 mg/d, which suggests that the current Adequate Intake of 500 mg/d is close to the actual Estimated Average Requirement. The benefits and risks of higher calcium intakes consistent with threshold values should be evaluated in a controlled trial before those intakes could be used as a basis for dietary recommendations. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, SA Abrams,Dept Pediat,Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, SA Abrams,Dept Pediat,Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 750 EP 754 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900014 PM 17344496 ER PT J AU Wang, W Connor, SL Johnson, EJ Klein, ML Hughes, S Connor, WE AF Wang, Wei Connor, Sonja L. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Klein, Michael L. Hughes, Shannon Connor, William E. TI Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-American-Societies-for-Experimental-Biology CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Federat Amer Soc Experiment Biol DE HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; VLDL cholesterol; retina age; macular degeneration ID NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION; PRIMATE RETINAS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PIGMENT DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; SERUM; MONKEYS; TISSUE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MACULOPATHY AB Background: Low dietary intakes and low plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No studies have challenged AMD patients with a diet high in lutein and zeaxanthin. Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of diets low or high in lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in AMD patients. Design: Seven AMD patients and 5 control subjects were fed a low-lutein, low-zeaxanthin diet (approximate to 1.1 mg/d) for 2 wk, which was followed by a high-lutein, high-zeaxanthin diet (approximate to 11 mg/d) for 4 wk. Ten subjects continued the diet for 8 wk. Plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids were measured by HPLC. Results: The high-lutein, high-zeaxanthin diet resulted in 2- to 3-fold increases in plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids, except lycopene, in the AMD patients and the control subjects. With this diet, 52% of the lutein and 44% of the zeaxanthin were transported by HDL; approximate to 22% of lutein and zeaxanthin was transported by LDL. Only 20-25% of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene was transported by HDL; 50-57% was transported by LDL. Conclusions: The AMD patients and control subjects responded similarly to a diet high in lutein and zeaxanthin; plasma carotenoid concentrations increased greatly in both groups, and the transport of carotenoids by lipoproteins was not significantly different between the groups. This finding suggests that abnormalities in the metabolism of lutein and zeaxanthin in AMD may reside in the uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin from the plasma and transport into the retina. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Ophthalmol Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, L465, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM wangwe@ohsu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01 RR000334] NR 35 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 762 EP 769 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900016 PM 17344498 ER PT J AU Lau, J Harris, WS Lichtenstein, AH AF Lau, Joseph Harris, William S. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI alpha-linolenic acid and fish oil n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk - Reply to E Vos et al SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; PREVENTION; OUTCOMES C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ S Dakota, Stanford Sch Med, Dept Med, Sanford Res Univ S Dakota,Nutr & Metab Dis Res In, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lau, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, 750 Washington St Box 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jlau1@tufts-nemc.org NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 921 EP 922 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900037 ER PT J AU Thakkar, K Gilger, MA Shulman, RJ El Serag, HB AF Thakkar, Kalpesh Gilger, Mark A. Shulman, Robert J. El Serag, Hashem B. TI EGD in children with abdominal pain: A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPY; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; INFANTS; DISEASE; REFLUX; DYSPEPSIA; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review to examine the diagnostic yield (endoscopic and histologic) of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for the evaluation of abdominal pain of unclear etiology in children. We also examined the effect of EGD on change in treatment, quality of life, change in abdominal pain, and cost-effectiveness. METHODS: All full-length articles published in English during 1966-2005 were included if: (a) participants had abdominal pain without known underlying gastrointestinal disease, (b) participants underwent EGD primarily for the evaluation of abdominal pain, (c) findings of the EGD were reported, (d) participants were under 18 yr, and (e) sample size greater than 50. RESULTS: Eighteen articles examining 1,871 patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All were observational and most (13) were prospective. Only three studies were performed in the United States and of those two were prospective. The largest study examined about 400 procedures and 13 studies examined less than 100 procedures. One case of inflammatory bowel disease and 67 duodenal or gastric ulcers were reported, thus diagnostic yield was achieved in 3.6% of cases. The prevalence of nonspecific histological gastrointestinal inflammatory lesions varied between 23% and 93%. Six articles attempted to correlate endoscopic or histologic findings with treatment management decisions. No articles attempted to describe quality of life or cost-effectiveness. None of the studies analyzed the association of alarm symptoms or signs to diagnostic yield. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic yield of EGD in children with unclear abdominal pain is low; however, existing studies are inadequate. The effect of EGD on change in treatment, quality of life, improvement of abdominal pain, and cost-effectiveness is unknown. The predictors of significant findings are unclear. Our findings suggest that a large multicenter study examining clinical factors, biopsy reports, and addressing patient outcomes is needed to further clarify the value of EGD in children with abdominal pain. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Houston Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Sect, Houston, TX USA. Houston Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sect Hlth Serv Res, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thakkar, K (reprint author), 6621 Fannin St CCC 1010, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01051.x PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 140PF UT WOS:000244517000029 PM 17222318 ER PT J AU Pilkey, RM Morton, AR Boffa, MB Noordhof, C Day, AG Su, YH Miller, LM Koschinsky, ML Booth, SL AF Pilkey, Rachel M. Morton, A. Ross Boffa, Michael B. Noordhof, Curtis Day, Andrew G. Su, Yinghua Miller, Lisa M. Koschinsky, Marlys L. Booth, Sarah L. TI Subclinical vitamin K deficiency in hemodialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; phylloquinone; apolipoprotein E; osteocalcin; gamma-carboxylation; hemodialysis ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; RENAL-DISEASE; E GENOTYPE; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Background: Subdinical vitamin K deficiency increasingly is associated with extraosseous calcification in healthy adults. Nondietary determinants of vitamin K status include apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, which may influence vitamin K transport to peripheral tissues. Methods: Serum phylloquinone concentrations and percentage of uncarboxyated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay in 142 hemodialysis patients, respectively. ApoE phenotype was determined by means of isoelectric focusing of delipidated serum samples and Western blot analysis. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained by using chart review. Results: Mean age was 62.6 +/- 14.8 (SD) years. Mean phylloquinone level was 0.99 +/- 1.12 nmol/L; 29% of patients had levels less than 0.4 nmol/L. There was no association between phylloquinone level and %ucOC. There were positive correlations between phylloquinone and total cholesterol (P = 0.017), triglyceride (P = 0.022), and ionized calcium levels (P = 0.019). There was a negative correlation between phylloquinone level and dialysis adequacy (P = 0.002). Mean %ucOC was 51.1% +/- 25.8%, and 93% of subjects had values greater than 20%. There were positive correlations between %ucOC and dialysis vintage (P < 0.001), phosphate level (P < 0.001), parathyroid hormone level (P < 0.001), albumin level (P = 0.035), and ionized calcium level (P = 0.046). Seventeen percent of patients were apoE4. Mean %ucOC was significantly greater in apoE4 carriers compared with all other apoE phenotypes (60.1% +/- 28.4% versus 47.8% +/- 24.4%; P = 0.035). In multiple regression analysis with phylloquinone level forced in, independent predictors of %ucOC were phosphate level, dialysis vintage, parathyroid hormone level, and apoE4. Conclusion: These data indicate suboptimal vitamin K status in hemodialysis patients, shown by low phylloquinone concentrations and high %ucOC in 29% and 93% of subjects, respectively. The apoE4 allele influences osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation in hemodialysis patients. C1 Queens Univ, Div Nephrol, Kingston, ON K7L 2V6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Biochem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Kingston Gen Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Nephrol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pilkey, RM (reprint author), Queens Univ, Div Nephrol, 3048 C Etherington Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 2V6, Canada. EM pilkeyr@kgh.kari.net NR 30 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.11.041 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 144AL UT WOS:000244767400012 PM 17336705 ER PT J AU Blessington, A Miller, JC Nzaramba, MN Hale, AL Redivari, L Scheuring, DC Hallman, GJ AF Blessington, Ann Miller, J. Creighton, Jr. Nzaramba, M. Ndambe Hale, Anna L. Redivari, Lavanya Scheuring, Douglas C. Hallman, Guy J. TI The effects of low-dose gamma irradiation and storage time on carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and phenolics in the potato cultivar Atlantic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum taberosum; postharvest; phytochemical ID ACID; RED; PAL AB Potatoes are stored to ensure a continuous supply; however, losses due to shrinkage and sprouting can be large. It is believed that low-dose ionizing irradiation will become more prominent for sprout inhibition due to the increasingly higher operating costs of low-temperature storage and the possible phase-out of chemical sprout inhibitors. The effects of storage and gamma irradiation on carotenoid content, antioxidant activity (AOA), and phenolic content were analyzed for the potato cultivar Atlantic. Tubers were subjected to 0, 75, and 200 Gy gamma irradiation doses, stored at 20 C, and analyzed after 0, 10, 20, 75, and 110 days in storage. Total carotenoid content determined via spectrophotometry decreased, while lutein content increased with storage. AOA appeared to first decrease and then increase, possibly due to dehydration, concentration, and/or induced stress. Phenolic content increased more with storage than with gamma irradiation. However, levels of some phenolic compounds, such as quercetin dehydrate, decreased with storage. Irradiation dose exerted a limited influence on AOA and phenolic and carotenoid contents. Interaction between storage time and irradiation dose was significant for AOA and phenolic content, but not for carotenoid content. Overall, storage exerted a much greater influence on carotenoid content, AOA, and phenolic content than did low-dose gamma irradiation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Crop Qual & Fruit Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jcmillerjr@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181UB UT WOS:000247460500001 ER PT J AU Thompson, AL Taylor, RJ Pasche, JS Novy, RG Gudmestad, NC AF Thompson, Asunta L. Taylor, Raymond J. Pasche, Julie S. Novy, Richard G. Gudmestad, Neil C. TI Resistance to Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum in a potato clone derived from S-berthaultii and S-etuberosum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosym; pink rot; leak; S. bulbocastanum; partial resistance ID LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE; PINK ROT; SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; LEAF RUST; TUBER; CULTIVARS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFESTANS; DISEASES AB Tubers of several potato clones and cultivars were screened for susceptibility to infection by zoospores of Phytophthora erythroseptica (causal agent of pink rot) and mycelia of Pythium ultimum (causal agent of leak) over a three-year period, from 2003-2005. Incidence of infected tubers (%) and penetration of rot (mm) were the parameters used to determine the susceptibility of each potato clone. Responses of each potato clone were compared to cultivars with known resistance or susceptibility to these pathogens. Tubers of cultivars Atlantic and Snowden have moderate resistance to infection and colonization by P. erythroseptica and P. ultimum, respectively, and were used as the resistant checks. Cultivars Russet Norkotah and Red Norland are susceptible to infection by both pathogens. A number of potato clones demonstrated resistance to pink rot equal to or greater than the control cultivar Atlantic, including Etb 6-5-2, ND5822C-7, ND6956b-13, ND7443Ab-44, ND7443Ab-181, ND7818-1Y and J101K6A22. In addition to demonstrating the highest resistance to pink rot, Etb 6-5-2 was the only clone that demonstrated resistance to leak greater than or equivalent to the resistant cultivar Snowden. Etb 6-5-2 is a backcross derivative from a somatic hybrid of Solanum etuberosum and Solanum berthaultii and will be investigated further as a potential source of resistance to these two storage rot diseases. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Gudmestad, NC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Neil.Gudmestad@ndsu.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 181UB UT WOS:000247460500004 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Anyamba, A Bedno, SA Breiman, RF Sang, R Sergon, K Powers, AM Onyango, CO Small, J Tucker, CJ Linthicum, KJ AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Anyamba, Assaf Bedno, Sheryl A. Breiman, Robert F. Sang, Rosemary Sergon, Kibet Powers, Ann M. Onyango, Clayton O. Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Drought-associated Chikungunya emergence along coastal East Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; VEGETATION; EPIDEMICS; VIRUS; KENYA AB Epidemics of chikungunya fever, an Aedes spp.-borne viral disease, affected hundreds of thousands of people in western Indian Ocean islands and India during 2005-2006. The initial outbreaks occurred in coastal Kenya (Lamu, then Mombasa) in 2004. We investigated eco-climatic conditions associated with chikungunya fever emergence along coastal Kenya using epidemiologic investigations and satellite data. Unusually dry, warm conditions preceded the outbreaks, including the driest since 1998 for some of the coastal regions. Infrequent replenishment of domestic water stores and elevated temperatures may have facilitated Chikungunya virus transmission. These results suggest that drought-affected populations may be at heightened risk for chikungunya fever, and underscore the need for safe water storage during drought relief operations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Div Prevent Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; Assaf@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; sbedno@wrp-nbo.org; RBreiman@ke.cdc.gov; Rsang@kemri.org; kibetsergon@yahoo.com; akp7@cdc.gov; conyango@mrc.gm; jsmall@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; compton@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov; klinthicum@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 15 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 146FA UT WOS:000244918700002 PM 17360859 ER PT J AU Keefer, CL Pant, D Blomberg, L Talbot, NC AF Keefer, C. L. Pant, D. Blomberg, L. Talbot, N. C. TI Challenges and prospects for the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines of domesticated ungulates SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE stem cells; ruminant; embryo; blastocyst; epiblast ID PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION IN-VITRO; INHIBITORY FACTOR LIF; ES CELLS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; PIG BLASTOCYST; MOUSE EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; PORCINE BLASTOCYSTS; IMPROVED GENERATION AB Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines provide an invaluable research tool for genetic engineering, developmental biology and disease models. These cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture and yet maintain competence to produce all the cells within a fetus. While mouse ES cell lines were first established over two decades ago and primate ES cells in the 1990s, validated ES cell lines have yet to be established in ungulates. Why competent, pluripotent ES cells can be established from certain strains of mice and from primates, and not from cows, sheep, goats or pigs is an on-going topic of interest to animal reproduction scientists. The identification of appropriate stem cell markers, functional cytokine pathways, and key pluripotency-maintaining factors along with the release of more comprehensive bovine and porcine genomes, provide encouragement for establishment of ungulate ES cell lines in the near future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Keefer, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ckeefer@umd.edu NR 123 TC 113 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.10.009 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 144NS UT WOS:000244803700010 PM 17097839 ER PT J AU De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Frake, AM AF De Guzman, Lilia I. Rinderer, Thomas E. Frake, Amanda M. TI Growth of Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae) populations in Russian honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colonies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Russian honey bees; resistance; Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; instantaneous growth rate ID MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; APIS-MELLIFERA-CARNICA; JACOBSONI OUD; BROOD CELLS; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; MITES; ARS; IDENTIFICATION; REPRODUCTION AB The growth rate (r) of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) populations in Russian and Italian honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies was monitored from 2001 to 2003 in Baton Rouge, LA. Over this period, our results consistently showed lower mite growth in the Russian than in the Italian colonies. In 2001, instantaneous growth rates per week (r(7)) were r(7) = 0.191 +/- 0.011 for mites in Italian colonies and r(7) = 0.137 +/- 0.012 in Russian honey bees for 24.3 wk. These growth rates were equivalent to 159.1- and 61.6-fold increase, respectively. Divergence in r(7) values also was observed in 2002 when Russian colonies supported a lower growth rate of r(7) = 0.061 +/- 0.016 (9.3-fold increase) than the Italian colonies (r(7) = 0.122 +/- 0.01 or a 31.7-fold increase) did after 26 wk. The lowest rate of r. = 0.021 +/- 0.011 (a 1.4-fold increase) was recorded for Russian honey bees in 2003, whereas the Italian bees in that year supported r(7) = 0.145 +/- 0.009 (an 18.9-fold increase) after 19 wk. This low growth rate of mite populations in Russian colonies may be attributed to several factors. Notably, as this study showed, Russian bees were less attractive to varroa mites. Furthermore, the Russian stock supported low proportions of brood infested and fewer multiply infested cells in both worker and drone brood, reduced mite reproduction, and extended phoretic period. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP De Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM ldeguzman@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[187:GOVDAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800010 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Nelson, LJ AF Haverty, Michael I. Nelson, Lori J. TI Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in Arizona: Multiple cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes indicate additional taxa SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biogeography; chemotaxonomy; Reticulitermes tumiceps; speciation; subterranean termite ID TERMITE GENUS RETICULITERMES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPP. ISOPTERA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ZOOTERMOPSIS ISOPTERA AB Current taxonomic and biogeographical information on Reticulitermes in the United States suggests the only species found in Arizona is Reticulitennes tibialis Banks. Reticulitermes occurs naturally throughout Arizona with the exception of much of the Sonoran and Colorado deserts. Collections of Reticulitermes from disparate locations in Arizona and neighboring states were made to characterize their cuticular hydrocarbons for taxonomic purposes. We identified five phenotypes based on cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures of worker termites. The predominant hydrocarbons in AZ-A have 25 and 27 carbons in the parent chain, including 5,17-dimeC27. The late-eluting compounds are composed primarily of dienes, trienes, a homologous series of internally branched mono- and dimethylalkanes, and 5,17-dimethylalkanes. AZ-B differs from AZ-A by lacking the late-eluting dienes and trienes and by producing smaller amounts of hydrocarbons with 27 carbons in the parent chain. The cuticular hydrocarbons in AZ-C are composed primarily of olefins; C29:1 is the most abundant, and, with C27:1, C31:2, and C33:2, predominates the hydrocarbon mixture. This phenotype also has a homologous series of 5,17-dimethylalkanes from C27 to C43. AZ-D is distinguished by the absence of any 5-methylalkanes, 5,17-dimethylalkanes, or late-eluting dienes or trienes. The hydrocarbon mixture of AZ-D most closely resembles that of Reticulitennes hesperus Banks from northern California. NM-A can be distinguished from the other phenotypes by the significant amounts of the hydrocarbons coeluting in two peaks: C27 + C27:3 and 7-, 9-, 11-, 13-meC27 + C27:2. AZ-A was not common; the few samples we collected were all at the higher elevations, from 2,000 to 2,250 m, in northern Arizona. AZ-B was the most common and was found throughout the state from Fairbank (approximate to 1,300m) to Jacob Lake (approximate to 2,600 m). This phenotype also was found in eastern Nevada and southern Utah. AZ-C was sympatric with AZ-B over most of the distribution of the latter regions but was elevationally allopatric in southern Arizona. AZ-C occurred at high elevations (> 1,500 m) on the desert islands of southeastern Arizona, such as the Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Chiricalma, and Pinaleno mountains, whereas AZ-B occurred at lower elevations (< 1,250 m), usually associated with a riparian area. AZ-D was collected only once in northern Arizona near Jacob Lake, AZ (approximate to 1,800 m) but also on Mt. Charleston in southern Nevada. NM-A was collected near jemez Springs and Chaco Canyon, NM, as well as in the vicinity of Moab, UT. Additional data from morphology, behavior and/or DNA may confirm that these phenotypes represent distinct species as it has with California Reticuliternies. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM mhaverty@berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 206 EP 221 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[206:RIRIAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800012 ER PT J AU Downer, KE Nachman, RJ Stoffolano, JG AF Downer, K. E. Nachman, R. J. Stoffolano, J. G., Jr. TI Effect of seasonality and perisulfakinin on engorgement by Tabanus nigrovittatus (Diptera : Tabanidae) in the laboratory SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE satiety; engorgement; sulfakinins; neuropeptides; cholecystokinin ID FEEDING RESPONSES; PHORMIA-REGINA; BLOOD MEAL; BEHAVIOR; DESTINATION; SULFAKININ; INGESTION; SATIETY; FLY AB The horse fly Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart (Diptera: Tabanidae), a bematopbagous insect, is a nuisance pest along the Atlantic Coast. A description of the engorgement pattern throughout the season is lacking in the literature for this species. The percentage of flies engorging a bloodmeal in the laboratory throughout the season was recorded, and here we demonstrate that the percentage of flies that are blood feeding fluctuates, leading to a decrease in flies engorging as the season ends. Additionally, three recent nonhematophagous insect studies demonstrated that sulfakinins, a vertebrate homologue of cholecystokinin, function in feeding inhibition as a satiety factor. We found that groups of flies injected with one nanomole of perisulfakinin were inhibited from blood feeding by 45-60%. The satiation of feeding reported here is in agreement with the previous research by using nonhematophagous species. When groups of flies were injected with 10 nmol of perisulfakinin, the percentage of flies engorging was increased relative to the sham-injected flies, although not significantly. The stimulation of engorgement by sulfakinin has not previously been demonstrated, and its mode of action remains unclear. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Div Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, So Plants Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Downer, KE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Div Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM kelley.e.downer@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[251:EOSAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800017 ER PT J AU Burns, SN Vander Meer, RK Teal, PEA AF Burns, S. N. Vander Meer, R. K. Teal, P. E. A. TI Mating flight activity as dealation factors for red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) female alates SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dealation; juvenile hormone; nuptial flight; precocene ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; PRIMER PHEROMONE; QUEENS; COLONIES; BUREN; DISINHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; INVASION AB Queens of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), release a primer pheromone that inhibits dealation (wing removal) of nestmate female alates by presumably suppressing endogenous concentrations of juvenile hormone (JH). Alates cast their wings once separated from the queen; however, the point of initiating dealation varies upon conditions. Alates are stimulated to shed their wings after several days of the death or removal of the queen, whereas newly mated alates dealate within 1 h after the mating flight. We found no single premating behavior or combination of behaviors associated with the nuptial flight that induces dealation rates comparable with that of newly mated queens. Copulation by itself or in conjunction with other behavioral signals and environmental prompts seems to be critical in causing rapid dealation in newly inseminated alates. In addition, colonies containing alates treated with precosene would not initiate mating flights nor could they be induced to fly. We suggest that precosene treatment affects the corpora allata (CA), but CA products other than juvenile hormone (JH) or in combination with JH are responsible for rapid dealation after mating. Dealation in the two contexts, within the colony and after mating flights, seems to occur via separate mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vander Meer, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bobvin@ufl.edu NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[257:MFAADF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800018 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Lehman, RM Chee-Sanford, J AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Lehman, R. Michael Chee-Sanford, Joanne TI Bacterial communities within digestive tracts of ground beetles (Coleoptera : Carabidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biological control; endosymbiont; granivore; insect ID ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; PEA APHID; ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; MICROORGANISMS; CURCULIONIDAE; DIVERSITY AB We identified the bacterial communities within the alimentary tracts of two granivorous ground beetles as a first step in the exploration of bacteria-ground beetle symbioses. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of bacterial rRNA extracted from the guts of field-collected individuals of Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) and Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis (F.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) revealed that gut-associated bacterial communities were of low diversity. Individuals from the same beetle species possessed similar bacterial community profiles, but the two species exhibited unique profiles. Bacterial 16S rRNA clone libraries constructed for the two beetle species showed that H. pensylvanicus had a more diverse community (six operational taxonomic units [ OTUs]) compared with A. sanctaecrucis (three OTUs). Only one OTU, closely related to Hafnia alvei, was common between the two beetle species. Cloned partial 16S rRNA sequences for each OTU were most closely matched to the following cultivated bacteria: Serratia sp., Burkholderiafungorurn, and H. alvei and Phenylbacterium sp., Caedibacter sp., Spiroplasma sp., Enterobacter strain B-14, and Weissella viridescerts, representing the divisions Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Mollicutes, and Bacilli. Some, but not all of these organisms have been previously associated with insects. The identification of bacteria uniquely and consistently associated with these ground beetles provides the basis for further investigation of species-specific functional roles. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[275:BCWDTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800021 ER PT J AU Pinto, MA Sheppard, WS Johnston, JS Rubink, WL Coulson, RN Schiff, NM Kandemir, I Patton, JC AF Pinto, M. A. Sheppard, W. S. Johnston, J. S. Rubink, W. L. Coulson, R. N. Schiff, N. M. Kandemir, I. Patton, J. C. TI Honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) of African origin exist in non-Africanized areas of the Southern United States: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Africanized honey bee; Apis mellifera; mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome b; mitotype ID APIS-MELLIFERA L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CANARY-ISLANDS; 4TH LINEAGE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; RACES; MICROSATELLITE; VARIABILITY AB Descendents of Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (the Africanized honey bee) arrived in the United States in 1990. Whether this was the first introduction is uncertain. A survey of feral honey bees from non-Africanized areas of the southern United States revealed three colonies (from Georgia, Texas, and New Mexico) with a diagnostic African mitochondrial DNA cytochrome blBgllI fragment pattern. To assess maternal origin of these colonies, we developed a primer pair for amplification of a cytochrome b fragment and sequenced using internal sequencing primers. Samples of the three reported honey bee colonies plus another 42 representing the 10 subspecies known to have been introduced in the United States were sequenced. Of the three colonies, the colonies from Texas and New Mexico matched subspecies of European maternal ancestry, whereas the colony from Georgia was of African ancestry. Contrary to expectations, the mitotype of the latter colony was more similar to that exhibited by sub-Sabaran A. m. scutellata than to the mitotypes common in north African A. m. intennissa Maa or Portuguese and Spanish A. m. iberiensis Engel. This finding was consistent with anecdotal evidence that A. m. scutellata has been sporadically introduced into the United States before the arrival of the Africanized honey bee from South America. C1 Ctr Invest Montanha, P-5301854 Braganca, Portugal. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rubinks, Edinburg, TX 78540 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Zonguldak Karaelmas Univ, Dept Biol, TR-67100 Zonguldak, Turkey. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pinto, MA (reprint author), Ctr Invest Montanha, Campus Santa Apolonia,Apartado 172, P-5301854 Braganca, Portugal. EM apinto@ipb.pt OI Pinto, Maria Alice/0000-0001-9663-8399 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[289:HBHAOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800023 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Cline, AR Ellerseick, MR Serrano, MS AF Backus, Elaine A. Cline, Andrew R. Ellerseick, Mark R. Serrano, Miguel S. TI Lugus hesperus (Hemiptera : Miridae) feeding on cotton: New methods and parameters for analysis of nonsequential electrical penetration graph data SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electronic monitoring of insect feeding; EPG; probing; stylet penetration; plant bug ID LYGUS-HESPERUS; KRAEMERI HOMOPTERA; EMPOASCA-FABAE; PLANT BUGS; WAVE-FORMS; CICADELLIDAE; HETEROPTERA; BEHAVIORS; ALFALFA; DAMAGE AB This study is the first to statistically analyze the stylet probing/ penetration behaviors of Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) bugs, and the external body movements associated with both probing and nonprobing, via electrical penetration graph (EPG) and videorecording, respectively. Behavioral quantification allows powerful statistical comparisons among host plants or other treatments. Thus, statistical analysis of data has played an important role in EPG research. However, few attempts have been made to standardize types and terminology used for statistical parameters. We provide here the first complete system of organization and terminology for nonsequential EPG parameters. Widespread adoption of these terms will allow standardization in EPG research. Our EPG and video data reveal for the first time the stylet penetration behaviors of nymphal L. hesperus that cause cotton square damage, and the mechanism involved. L. hesperus nymphs spent only 15% of their time on squares probing; the remainder was spent standing motionless in place, grooming, or in sensory exploration. While probing, two thirds of their time was spent in laceration/ salivation and one third in ingestion. Thus, L. hesperus nymphs actively spread out numerous, minute injections of their macerating watery saliva, deeply drilled/ lacerated into all parts of the developing square. After injection of saliva within the square, the insect then stands and waits for solubilization of the square's cell contents, and then quickly ingests the slurry. The extensive laceration by the stylets may, secondarily, potentiate salivary maceration by mechanically rupturing cell walls. The plant responses to such behavior are thus summarized as "mechanical cell rupture-enhanced maceration.". C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Compania Agr Colombiana Ltda, Bogota 1901, Colombia. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ebackus@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 296 EP 310 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[296:LHHMFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143YR UT WOS:000244762800024 ER PT J AU Vereen, E Lowrance, RR Cole, DJ Lipp, EK AF Vereen, Ethell, Jr. Lowrance, R. Richard Cole, Dana J. Lipp, Erin K. TI Distribution and ecology of campylobacters in coastal plain streams (Georgia, United States of America) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; SURFACE-WATER; INDICATOR ORGANISMS; BROILER-CHICKENS; POULTRY LITTER; FECAL SAMPLES; NEW-ZEALAND; PCR ASSAY; JEJUNI; SPP. AB Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterium-associated diarrhea in the United States and most developed countries. While this disease is considered a food-borne disease, many clinical cases cannot be linked to a food source. In rural and agrarian areas environmental transmission may be an important factor contributing to case loads. Here we investigated the waterborne prevalence of campylobacters in a mixed-use rural watershed in the coastal plain of southern Georgia (United States). Six sites representing various degrees of agricultural and human influence were surveyed biweekly to monthly for 1 year for the presence of culturable thermophilic campylobacters and other measures of water quality. Campylobacters were frequently present in agriculture- and sewage-impacted stretches of streams. The mean campylobacter counts and overall prevalence were highest downstream from a wastewater treatment plant that handled both human and poultry slaughterhouse waste (<= 595 CFU ml(-1); 100% positive); the concentrations were significantly higher than those for the four upstream sites (P < 0.05). The counts were significantly correlated with the number of fecal coliform bacteria, conductivity, pH, and concentrations of nutrients (NO3-, PO43-, and NH3). Campylobacters were isolated more frequently and larger numbers were present during the summer months, similar to the occurrence of clinical cases of campylobacteriosis in this region. A multivariate model showed that the levels were significantly influenced by increasing precipitation, which also peaked in the summer. The results indicate that loading from both human and domestic animal waste may be high in the watershed studied during the summer months. Mixed-use watersheds supporting agriculture production, human populations, and wildlife may be at risk for contamination by campylobacters and may be an important route for human exposure. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu NR 53 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1403 DI 10.1128/AEM.01621-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 148IU UT WOS:000245068900001 PM 17172457 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y Sullivan, JJ Bishop, HS Hollingsworth, R da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Sullivan, James J. Bishop, Henry S. Hollingsworth, Robert da Silva, Alexandre J. TI PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in tissue and mucus secretions from molluscan hosts SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIC-MENINGITIS; PARASTRONGYLUS-CANTONENSIS; COSTARICENSIS MORERA; RATS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CESPEDES; OUTBREAK; LARVAE; SNAILS AB Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. Recent outbreaks of this infection have shown that there is a need to determine the distribution of this nematode in the environment in order to control transmission. A. cantonensis is generally identified morphologically in the molluscan intermediate host by microscopic examination, which can be labor-intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR-based method to detect A. cantonensis directly from molluscan tissue. A total of 34 Parmarion cf. martensi (Simroth) semislugs, 25 of which were naturally infected with A. cantonensis, were used to develop this assay. Tissue pieces (approximately 25 mg) were digested with pepsin-HCl to recover third-stage larvae for morphological identification or were used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed to amplify 1,134 bp from the Angiostrongylus 18S rRNA gene, and the amplicons produced were sequenced for identification at the species level. Both microscopy and the PCR-DNA sequencing analysis indicated that the same 25 semislugs were positive for A. cantonensis, showing that the two methods were equally sensitive and specific for this application. However, morphological detection requires access to living mollusks, whereas molecular analysis can also be performed with frozen tissue. The PCR-DNA sequencing method was further evaluated using tissue from Veronicella cubensis (Pfeiffer) slugs and mucus secretions from infected P. martensi. To our knowledge, this is the first use of a PCR-based method to confirm the presence of A. cantonensis in mollusks collected in the environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4700 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abs8@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1419 DI 10.1128/AEM.01968-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 148IU UT WOS:000245068900003 PM 17194836 ER PT J AU Stoddard, RA Miller, WG Foley, JE Lawrence, J Gulland, FMD Conrad, PA Byrne, BA AF Stoddard, Robyn A. Miller, William G. Foley, Janet E. Lawrence, Judy Gulland, Frances M. D. Conrad, Patricia A. Byrne, Barbara A. TI Campylobacter insulaenigrae isolates from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE TYPING SYSTEM; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; COLI; WATER; LARI; UPSALIENSIS; SURVIVAL; SPP. AB There are only two reports in the literature demonstrating the presence of Campylobacter spp. in marine mammals. One report describes the isolation of a new species, Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., from three harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Scotland, and the other describes the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and an unknown Campylobacter species from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California. In this study, 72 presumptive C. lari and unknown Campylobacter species strains were characterized using standard phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Phenotypic characterization of these isolates showed them to be variable in their ability to grow either at 42 degrees C or on agar containing 1% glycine and in their sensitivity to nalidixic acid and cephalothin. Based on both 16S rRNA PCR and MLST, all but 1 of the 72 isolates were C. insulaenigrae, with one isolate being similar to but distinct from both Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter helveticus. Phylogenetic analysis identified two C. insulaenigrae clades: the primary clade, containing exclusively California strains, and a secondary clade, containing some California strains and all of the original Scottish strains. This study demonstrates the inability of phenotypic characterization to correctly identify all Campylobacter species and emphasizes the importance of molecular characterization via 16S rRNA sequence analysis or MLST for the identification of Campylobacter isolates from marine mammals. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 92122 USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 92122 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 92122 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 92122 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stoddard, RA (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, 1065 Ft Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM stoddardr@tmmc.org NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1729 EP 1735 DI 10.1128/AEM.01816-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 149OR UT WOS:000245156800006 PM 17259365 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LA Cheng, HW Garner, JP Pajor, EA Mench, JA AF Gustafson, Leslie A. Cheng, Heng-Wei Garner, Joseph P. Pajor, Edmond A. Mench, Joy A. TI Effects of bill-trimming Muscovy ducks on behavior, body weight gain, and bill morphopathology SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beak-trimming; duck; neuroma; pain ID PARTIAL BEAK AMPUTATION; ONGOING ACTIVITY; ANATOMICAL CONSEQUENCES; NEUROMA FORMATION; FEATHER PECKING; END-STRUCTURE; ADULT HENS; NERVE; AXONS; CHICKENS AB In commercial production facilities, ducks are often bill-trimmed to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism. Beak-trimming of chickens and turkeys has been criticized because of its potential to cause acute and chronic pain, but little is known about the effects of bill-trimming on the welfare of ducks. We conducted a study to determine the effects of a commercial bill-trimming method, cutting without cautery, on the behavior and bill morphopathology of ducks. Muscovy ducks were housed in six pens each containing 16 ducks (eight males and eight females). Three pens of ducks were trimmed (TRIM) using scissors at 20 days post-hatch, while ducks in the remaining three pens were sham-trimmed (NOTRIM). The average length removed from the upper bill was 0.51 cm, or 21.1% of the bill length from nares to tip. The behavior of all ducks was recorded during the first week post-trim using scan sampling. In addition, two ducks/sex/pen were randomly selected as focal birds, and observed using 15-min focal samples during the morning (0900-1100) and afternoon (1200-1500) for 7 weeks post-trim. Ducks were weighed weekly. Behavioral and body weight data were analyzed using the General Linear Model. At 12 weeks of age, the male focal ducks were killed and their bills were then collected and subjected to gross and morphopathological analysis. In the days immediately post-trim, TRIM ducks spent significantly less (p < 0.0001) time engaging in bill-related behaviors (preening, feeding, drinking, exploratory pecking) and more time resting than NOTRIM. These differences disappeared by 1 week post-trim. At 1 week post-trim the TRIM ducks weighed less (p = 0.0064) than NOTRIM, but there was no treatment difference in weights by 2 weeks post-trim. By 6 weeks post-trim the upper bill of TRIM was only 11.9% shorter than the lower bill. There was evidence of feather pecking in the TRIM pens, but feather pecking and skin damage were more extensive in the NOTRIM pens. The TRIM bill stumps were covered with epithelium, lacked blood vessels and showed evidence of scarring, but there were no neuromas. These results are consistent with this bill-trimming method causing acute, but not chronic, pain in Muscovy ducks. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mench, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jamench@ucdavis.edu RI Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.003 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 141IG UT WOS:000244571400006 ER PT J AU Akin, DE AF Akin, Danny E. TI Grass lignocellulose - Strategies to overcome recalcitrance SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE lignin; microspectrophotometry; phenolic acid esters; plant breeding; white-rot fungi ID BERMUDAGRASS CELL-WALLS; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; COUMAROYL ESTERASE; ENZYME-PRODUCTION; DIGESTIBILITY; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SPECIFICITY; DEGRADATION; FRACTIONS; FERULOYL AB Grass lignocelluloses are limited in bioconversion by aromatic constituents, which include both lignins and phenolic acids esters. Histochemistry, ultraviolet absorption microspectrophotometry, and response to microorganisms and specific enzymes have been used to determine the significance of aromatics toward recalcitrance. Coniferyl lignin appears to be the most effective limitation to biodegradation, existing in xylem cells of vascular tissues; cell walls with syringyl lignin, for example, leaf sclerenchyma, are less recalcitrant. Esterified phenolic acids, i.e., ferulic and p-coumaric acids, often constitute a major chemical limitation in nonlignified cell walls to biodegradation in grasses, especially warm-season species. Methods to improve biodegradability through modification of aromatics include: plant breeding, use of lignin-degrading white-rot fungi, and addition of esterases. Plant breeding for new cultivars has been especially effective for nutritionally improved forages, for example, bermudagrasses. In laboratory studies, selective white-rot fungi that lack cellulases delignified the lignocellulosic materials and improved fermentation of residual carbohydrates. Phenolic acid esterases released p-coumaric and ferulic acids for potential coproducts, improved the available sugars for fermentation, and improved biodegradation. The separation and removal of the aromatic components for coproducts, while enhancing the availability of sugars for bioconversion, could improve the economics of bioconversion. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM danny.abin@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9035-5 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900003 PM 18478372 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Lee, YY AF Kim, Tae Hyun Lee, Y. Y. TI Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in aqueous ammonia at moderate temperatures SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE biofuel; bioethanol; biomass conversion; simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation; hemicellulose; lignin ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; HERBACEOUS BIOMASS; FRACTIONATION AB Soaking in aqueous ammonia at moderate temperatures was investigated as a method of pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis as well as simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) of corn stover. The method involves batch treatment of the feedstock with aqueous ammonia (15-30 wt%) at 40-90 degrees C for 6-24 h. The optimum treatment conditions were found to be 15 wt% of NH3, 60 degrees C, 1 : 6 of solid-to-liquid ratio, and 12 h of treatment time. The treated corn stover retained 100% glucan and 85% of xylan, but removed 62% of lignin. The enzymatic digestibility of the glucan content increased from 17 to 85% with 15 FPU/g-glucan enzyme loading, whereas the digestibility of the xylan content increased to 78%. The treated corn stover was also subjected to SSCF test using Spezyme-CP and recombinant Escherichia coli (KO11). The SSCF of the soaking in aqueous ammonia treated corn stover resulted in an ethanol concentration of 19.2 g/L from 3% (w/v) glucan loading, which corresponds to 77% of the maximum theoretical yield based on glucan and xylan. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM leeyoon@auburn.edu OI Kim, Tae Hyun/0000-0002-2225-1199 NR 16 TC 74 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 36 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9041-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900009 PM 18478378 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Li, XL Dunlap, CA Whitehead, TR Cotta, MA AF Jordan, Douglas B. Li, Xin-Liang Dunlap, Christopher A. Whitehead, Terence R. Cotta, Michael A. TI beta-D-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium of glycoside hydrolase family 43 SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE fuel ethanol; glycohydrolase; hemicellulose; protein stability; saccharification; arabinofuranosidase; inhibitors; catalysis ID IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA AB beta-D-Xylosidase from the ruminal. anaerobic bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium (SXA), catalyzes hydrolysis of beta-1,4-xylooligosacharides and has potential utility in saccharification processes. The enzyme, heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, has an isoelectric point of approx 4.4, an intact N terminus, and a Stokes radius that defines a homotetramer. SXA denatures between pH 4.0 and 4.3 at 25 degrees C and between 50 and 60 degrees C at pH 5.3. Following heat or acid treatment, partially inactivated SXA exhibits lower k(cat) values, but similar K-m values as untreated SXA. D-Glucose and D-xylose protect SXA from inactivation at high temperature and low pH. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jordand@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9042-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900010 PM 18478379 ER PT J AU Ximenes, EA Dien, BS Ladisch, MR Mosier, N Cotta, MA Li, XL AF Ximenes, Eduardo A. Dien, Bruce S. Ladisch, Michael R. Mosier, Nathan Cotta, Michael A. Li, Xin-Liang TI Enzyme production by industrially relevant fungi cultured on coproduct from corn dry grind ethanol plants SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE Aspergillus niger; biomass; DDGS; cellulases; hemicellulases; Trichoderma reesei ID XYLANASE PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; OPTIMIZATION; PROTEASE; FIBER AB Distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) is the major coproduct produced at a dry grind ethanol facility. Currently, it is sold primarily as a ruminant animal feed. DDGS is low cost and relatively high in protein and fiber contents. In this study, DDGS was investigated as carbon source for extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production. Two filamentous fungi, noted for their high cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme titers, were grown on DDGS: Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 and Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001. DDGS was either used as delivered from the plant (untreated) or after being pretreated with hot water. Both microorganisms secreted a broad range of enzymes when grown on DDGS. Higher xylanase titers were obtained when cultured on hot water DDGS compared with growth on untreated DDGS. Maximum xylanase titers were produced in 4 d for A. niger and 8 d for T reesei in shake flask cultures. Larger amounts of enzymes were produced in bioreactors (5 L) either equipped with Rushton (for T. reesei) or updraft marine impellers (A. niger). Initial production titers were lower for bioreactor than for flask cultures, especially for T. reesei cultures. Improvement of enzyme titers were obtained using fed-batch feeding schemes. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Purdue Univ, LORRE, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ximenes, EA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 204 Biol Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM eximenes@uga.edu RI Ximenes, Eduardo/G-5323-2013; OI Ximenes, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-0218; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9049-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900017 PM 18478386 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Labavitch, JM Wang, DH Teter, SA Jenkins, BA AF Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Ruihong Labavitch, John M. Wang, Donghai Teter, Sarah A. Jenkins, Bryan A. TI Evaluation of different biomass materials as feedstock for fermentable sugar production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE dilute acid pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol potential; municipal solid waste; saline crops; fermentable sugar ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; SHORT-ROTATION WOODY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; HERBACEOUS CROPS; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; HARDWOOD; METABOLISM; SOFTWOODS; STRAIN AB Saline crops and autoclaved municipal organic solid wastes were evaluated for their potential to be used as feedstock for fermentable sugar production through dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The saline crops included two woods, athel (Tamarix aphylla L) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and two grasses, Jose tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and creeping wild rye (Leymus triticoides). Each of the biomass materials was first treated with dilute sulfuric acid under selected conditions (acid concentration = 1.4% (w/w), temperature = 165 degrees C, and time = 8 min) and then treated with the enzymes, (cellulases and beta-glucosidase). The chemical composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents) of each biomass material and the yield of total and different types of sugars after the acid and enzyme treatment were determined. The results showed that among the saline crops evaluated, the two grasses (creeping wild rye and Jose tall wheatgrass) had the highest glucose yield (87% of total cellulose hydrolyzed) and fastest reaction rate during the enzyme treatment. The autoclaved municipal organic solid wastes showed reasonable glucose yield (64%). Of the two wood species evaluated, Athel has higher glucose yield (60% conversion of cellulose) than eucalyptus (38% conversion of cellulose). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9069-8 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900037 PM 18478406 ER PT J AU Agbogbo, FK Coward-Kelly, G Torry-Smith, M Wenger, K Jeffries, TW AF Agbogbo, Frank K. Coward-Kelly, Guillermo Torry-Smith, Mads Wenger, Kevin Jeffries, Thomas W. TI The effect of initial cell concentration on xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE cell concentration; fermentation; model; Pichia stipitis; xylose ID CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; D-GLUCOSE; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; ETHANOL TOLERANCE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; YEASTS; HEMICELLULOSE; BIOCONVERSION; PARAMETERS; MIXTURES AB Xylose was fermented using Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 at different initial cell concentrations. A high initial cell concentration increased the rate of xylose utilization, ethanol formation, and the ethanol yield. The highest ethanol concentration of 41.0 g/L and a yield of 0.38 g/g was obtained using an initial cell concentration of 6.5 g/L. Even though more xylitol was produced when the initial cell concentrations were high, cell density had no effect on the final ethanol yield. A two-parameter mathematical model was used to predict the cell population dynamics at the different initial cell concentrations. The model parameters, a and b correlate with the initial cell concentrations used with an R-2 of 0.99. C1 Novozymes N Amer Inc, Franklinton, NC 27525 USA. Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Agbogbo, FK (reprint author), Novozymes N Amer Inc, 77 Perry Chapel Church Rd, Franklinton, NC 27525 USA. EM fkag@novozymes.com RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9086-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900054 PM 18478423 ER PT J AU Lu, CF Mansoorabad, K Jeffries, T AF Lu, Chenfeng Mansoorabad, Karen Jeffries, Thomas TI Comparison of multiple gene assembly methods for metabolic engineering SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP US DOE Off Biomass Program, USDA Agr Res Serv, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Idaho Natl Lab, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, BRI Energy, Battelle Nanotechnol Innovat Alliance, Cargill, Genenfor Int, Iogen, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Cancda, Novozymes, Procter & Gamble, Samuel roberts Noble Fdn, SE SunGrant Ctr, Tate & Lyle DE gene expression; cloning; ligation; optimization; xylose; yeast ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; URACIL DNA GLYCOSYLASE; CDNA CLONING; FRAGMENTS; SEQUENCES; PRODUCTS AB A universal, rapid DNA assembly method for efficient multigene plasmid construction is important for biological research and for optimizing gene expression in industrial microbes. Three different approaches to achieve this goal were evaluated. These included creating long complementary extensions using a uracil-DNA glycosylase technique, overlap extension polymerase chain reaction, and a SfiI-based ligation method. SfiI ligation Was the only successful approach for assembling large DNA fragments that contained repeated homologous regions. In addition, the SfiI method has been improved over a similar, previous published technique so that it is more flexible and does not require polymerase chain reaction to incorporate adaptors. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes TAL1, TKL1 and PYK1 under control of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase promoter were successfully ligated together using multiple unique SfiI restriction sites. The desired construct was obtained 65% of the time during vector construction using four-piece ligations. The SfiI method consists of three steps: first a SfiI linker vector is constructed, whose multiple cloning site is flanked by two three-base linkers matching the neighboring SfiI linkers on SfiI digestion; second, the linkers are attached to the desired genes by cloning them into SfiI linker vectors; third, the genes flanked by the three-base linkers, are released by SfiI digestion. In the final step, genes of interest are joined together in a simple one-step ligation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jeffries, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM67933-03] NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 137 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s12010-007-9090-y PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 169UI UT WOS:000246616900058 PM 18478427 ER PT J AU Moss, CB Mishra, AK Erickson, KW AF Moss, Charles B. Mishra, Ashok K. Erickson, Kenneth W. TI Next year on the US farmland market: an informational approach SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB This study formulates an information measure for changes in asset values and applies the formulation to farmland values in the United States for 1960 to 1999. The results indicate that changes in asset values contained significant information following the Russian wheat sale in the early 1970s and the financial crisis in agriculture in the mid 1980s. Further, information about preceding year's asset values largely explains the regional distribution of current year's farmland values. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mishra, AK (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM amishra@ers.usda.gov OI Moss, Charles/0000-0002-1172-7112; Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4-6 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1080/00036840500447831 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 169FW UT WOS:000246579100017 ER PT J AU Le, S AF Le, S. TI Fiber quality properties produced by saw-type lint cleaners SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fiber quality; feed rate; speed; combing ratio; saw-type lint cleaner; turnout; cleaning efficiency; cleaner waste; reflectance; yellowness AB The saw-type lint cleaner is the primary method of lint cleaning at gins. Two one-year studies were conducted to examine fiber quality properties produced by a saw-type lint cleaner in response to variations in feed rate, saw speed, combing ratio, variety and lint moisture. One hairy-leaf and two smooth-leaf varieties were used in the studies. Lint moisture and variety were the dominant factors that affected fiber quality. The smooth-leaf variety cleaned under low lint moisture conditions had shorter fiber with higher reflectance. When operated at low saw speed conditions, the cleaner increased turnout, lowered cleaning efficiency, and decreased cleaner waste. At high combing ratio conditions, the cleaner increased cleaning efficiency and short fiber content. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Le, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Lab, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sle@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 157OD UT WOS:000245728800001 ER PT J AU Whitelock, DP Buser, AD AF Whitelock, D. P. Buser, A. D. TI Multiple series cyclones for high particulate matter concentrations SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cyclones; series; sequential; efficiency; particulate; PM10 ID GIN EMISSIONS AB Cyclones are commonly used in agricultural processing as primary particulate emission abatement devices. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of one, two, three, or four 1D3D cyclones, in series, on airstreams heavily loaded (236 g/m(3)) with particulate (mass median diameter < 10 mu m). A single cyclone was consistently less efficient (91%) and had a higher static pressure loss [1356 Pa (5.4 in. w.g.)] than the No. I cyclone in the series configurations [94% efficiency and 881 Pa (3.5 in. wg.) static pressure loss]. Particle size distributions showed that there was a significant shift toward smaller sized particles in particulate captured by the cyclones (8.78 to 1.86 mu m) and the particulate emitted by the cyclones (3.23 to 1.52 mu m) as the number of series cyclones increased from one to four A secondary cyclone increased overall efficiency significantly with a 27% rise in static pressure loss, while additional cyclones raised efficiency only about 1% more and increased pressure losses by 150%. C1 USDA ARS, So Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Whitelock, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Cotton Ginning Res Lab, 300 E Coll Dr,POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM dwhitelo@nmsu.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 157OD UT WOS:000245728800002 ER PT J AU Armijo, CB Gillum, MN AF Armijo, C. B. Gillum, M. N. TI High-speed roller ginning of upland cotton SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE roller ginning; upland cotton; Pima cotton; fiber quality; cottonseed quality ID GIN STAND; KNIFE AB An experiment was conducted to determine if upland cotton could be roller ginned at a considerably higher than normal rate without compromising fiber properties and at a rate comparable to saw ginning. A conventional roller gin stand was modified to run at high speed by increasing the frequency of the ginning roller and rotary knife, and increasing the force between the ginning roller and stationary knife. Other changes included adding a spray system to cool the ginning roller, enlarging the lint-flue transition, and modifying the seed-cotton feeder for increased throughput. When ginning upland cotton, the high-speed roller gin stand ginned at a rate comparable to saw ginning. The high-speed roller gin stand had the same horsepower requirement of a saw gin stand. Roller ginning, when compared to saw ginning, produced upland fiber that was about one staple length longer, had less short fiber and neps, had higher turnout, but contained more foreign matter in the lint and cottonseed. Although roller ginning did not increase bale value, the improvement in fiber properties may open up new markets for upland cotton, especially in export markets that value the significance of increased staple length and decreased short fiber contents. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM cararmij@nmsu.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 157OD UT WOS:000245728800003 ER PT J AU Hammock, JA Vinyard, B Dickens, JC AF Hammock, Jennifer A. Vinyard, Bryan Dickens, Joseph C. TI Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Aggregation pheromone; Colorado potato beetle; Host plant odor; Larva orientation; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Locomotion compensator; Olfaction; Potato; Pulsed odor ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; CARROT FLY LARVAE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CODLING MOTH; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS; ORIENTATION RESPONSE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ARMIGERA HUBNER; UPWIND FLIGHT AB Using a servosphere (locomotion compensator), locomotory behavior of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae was measured in detail in response to pulsed and non-pulsed odors of hostplant and conspecific pheromone. Second instars showed decreased straightness of movement, and all larvae showed decreased speed, in response to potato odor. Change in straightness by 2nd instars was also significantly affected by the interaction of pheromone and pulsing treatments. Fourth instars showed increased positive anemotaxis in response to the combined hostplant and pheromone odors. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of larval behavioral responses to adult pheromone in a holometabolous insect. C1 [Hammock, Jennifer A.; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Chem Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Counseling Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst,Chem Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,Bldg 007,Rm 030, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dickensj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Hammock, Jennifer/0000-0002-9943-2342 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s11829-007-9005-4 PG 9 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 372PS UT WOS:000260914100004 ER PT J AU Allen, PC AF Allen, Patricia C. TI Anticoccidial effects of xanthohumol SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE coccidiosis; Eimeria; chickens; hops; prenylated chalcones ID HOPS HUMULUS-LUPULUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PRENYLATED FLAVONOIDS; EIMERIA; CELL; LICOCHALCONE; METABOLITES; INHIBIT; L.; PRENYLFLAVONOIDS AB Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone from the hops flower, was examined for its ability to reduce invasion of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by Eimeria tenella sporozoites (SZ), as well as to reduce invasion by E tenella and E. acervulina SZ in the chick host. Additionally, XN was tested as an anticoccidial feed additive at 20 ppm against challenge infections with E acervulina, E maxima, and E tenella. Cell invasion by E tenella SZ was inhibited 66% by treatment of SZ with 22 ppm XN. This inhibition was associated with an apparent physical disruption of the apical ends of the SZ. Rectal challenges with E tenella SZ treated with 5, 10, and 20 ppm XN resulted in significantly reduced gross-lesion scores and normal chick-host weight gains compared with challenge with untreated SZ. Oral challenges with similarly treated E acervulina SZ, accomplished with prior antacid treatment, resulted in significantly reduced gross lesions and reduced oocyst shedding compared with challenge with untreated SZ and were associated with physical disruption of sporozoite morphology. In a pilot test, provision of feed supplemented with 20 ppm XN for 3 days before challenge to 6 days after challenge did not control challenge infections with E acervulina, E maxima, or E. tenella as judged by measurements of weight gain, feed conversion, and gross lesions. Although XN-fed chicks infected with E acervulina and E maxima shed fewer oocysts than those on control feed, the differences in numbers were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)051[0021:AEOX]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 152OU UT WOS:000245372100004 PM 17461262 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guraya, R Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS Moore, RW AF Gast, Richard K. Guraya, Rupa Guard-Bouldin, Jean Holt, Peter S. Moore, Randle W. TI Colonization of specific regions of the reproductive tract and deposition at different locations inside eggs laid by hens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; chickens; egg contamination; ovary; oviduct ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; LAYING HENS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATED EGGS; PHAGE TYPE-4; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; VITELLINE MEMBRANE; INTERNAL ORGANS; YOLK MEMBRANE; RISK-FACTORS AB Internal contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis has been a significant source of human illness for several decades and is the focus of a recently proposed U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory plan. Salmonella Heidelberg has also been identified as an egg-transmitted human pathogen. The deposition of Salmonella strains inside eggs is apparently a consequence of reproductive tissue colonization in infected laying hens, but the relationship between colonization of specific regions of the reproductive tract and deposition in different locations within eggs is not well documented. In the present study, groups of laying hens were experimentally infected with large oral doses of Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 13a, or Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b. For all of these isolates, the overall frequency of ovarian colonization (34.0%) was significantly higher than the frequency of recovery from either the upper (22.9%) or lower (18.1%) regions of the oviduct. No significant differences were observed between the frequencies of Salmonella isolation from egg yolk and albumen (4.0% and 3.3%, respectively). Some significant differences between Salmonella isolates were observed in the frequency of recovery from eggs, but not in the frequency or patterns of recovery from reproductive organs. Accordingly, although the ability of these Salmonella isolates to colonize different regions of the reproductive tract in laying hens was reflected in deposition in both yolk and albumen, there was no indication that any specific affinity of individual isolates for particular regions of this tract produced distinctive patterns of deposition in eggs. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)051[0040:COSROT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 152OU UT WOS:000245372100007 PM 17461265 ER PT J AU Tsukamoto, K Imada, T Tanimura, N Okamatsu, M Mase, M Mizuhara, T Swayne, D Yamaguchi, S AF Tsukamoto, K. Imada, T. Tanimura, N. Okamatsu, M. Mase, M. Mizuhara, T. Swayne, D. Yamaguchi, S. TI Impact of different husbandry conditions on contact and airborne transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; H5N1; transmission ID JAPAN; OUTBREAK; TURKEYS AB Typically highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread very rapidly among chickens within sheds. However, the spread was slower than expected for the initial 10 days of the index farm in Japan during 2004. This slow spread, as well as the lack of gross lesions, clinical signs, or high mortality, hindered the field veterinarian from reporting a suspected HPAI outbreak to the veterinary office. To understand the field conditions for the slow virus spread, we examined contact and airborne transmission of the H5N1 virus to chickens in a negative-pressure isolator using various numbers of infected chickens and separate compartments. We found that the contact transmission did occur inefficiently when one or two chickens were infected, whereas the transmission was efficient when four chickens were infected. Airborne transmission of the HPAI virus was also dependent on the number of infected chickens and was less efficient than contact transmission. These data together with field observations suggested that number of infected chickens, chicken house types, and amount of environmental contamination might affect the virus transmission efficiency to chickens. C1 Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. Tyubu Livestock Hyg Serv Ctr, Yamaguchi 7540897, Japan. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tsukamoto, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Hlth, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. RI Okamatsu, Masatoshi/F-9124-2012 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)051[0129:IODHCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 152OU UT WOS:000245372100021 PM 17461279 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Williams, SM Sutton, MT AF Hafner, Scott Williams, Susan M. Sutton, M. T. TI Retroviral inclusions in the enteric smooth muscle of a tumor-bearing young chicken SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE fibrosarcoma; viral matrix; inclusion; smooth muscle ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; INFECTED CHICKENS; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; SUBGROUP-J; STRAIN AB A 15-cm segment of small intestine from a 7-wk-old broiler chicken presented for slaughter was encased by a firm, white mass. Other tissues were grossly unremarkable. Microscopically, the enteric serosa and peripheral muscularis of this segment of small intestine were replaced by a fibrosarcoma. Numerous linear, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusion bodies were present in smooth muscle cells of the muscularis of the small intestine, and a few similar inclusions were present in the muscularis of the proventriculus. In the heart, there were rare intracytoplasmic inclusions typical of viral matrix inclusions. Ultrastructurally, inclusion bodies in enteric smooth muscle were viral matrix inclusions, and virions resembling avian retroviruses were present in adjacent intercellular spaces. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from tumor tissues indicated the presence of proviral DNA of subgroup J avian leukosis virus. This is the first description of the light microscopic appearance of these viral matrix inclusions in enteric smooth muscle. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab,Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)051[0133:RIITES]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 152OU UT WOS:000245372100022 PM 17461280 ER PT J AU Stanley, JN Julien, MH Center, TD AF Stanley, John N. Julien, Michael H. Center, Ted D. TI Performance and impact of the biological control agent Xubida infusella (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) on the target weed Eichhornia crassipes (waterhyacinth) and on a non-target plant, Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed) in two nutrient regimes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Xubida infusella; Acigona infusella; Eichhornia crassipes; Pontederia cordata; pickerelweed; waterhyacinth; cage trials; biological control; nutrients ID ACIGONA-INFUSELLA; SALVINIA-MOLESTA; NITROGEN; WATERHYACINTH AB Xubida infusella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is potentially a useful biological control agent targeting Eichhornia crassipes (waterhyacinth) in the USA but many regions infested with waterhyacinth are also inhabited by an alternative native host, Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed). Experiments were conducted in Australia to assess the impact of X infusella on pickerelweed compared to waterhyacinth where both these plants were available and X infusella had already been released. Overall X. infusella had a greater impact on pickerelweed than on waterhyacinth. More than one larva per plant was required to reduce the total shoot dry weight of waterhyacinth but only one larva per plant reduced the total shoot dry weight of pickerelweed. Insect feeding caused the number of secondary shoots (daughter plants) of pickerelweed to double whereas the number of daughter plants produced by waterhyacinth remained unchanged. We suggest this indicates a considerable impact on pickerelweed rather than effective compensation for insect damage because the shoots produced were very small. Waterhyacinth produced a constant number of daughter plants when fed on by up to three larvae per plant. Higher nitrogen status of both species of host plant increased the rate of larval development and pupal weight of X. infusella. The weight and fecundity of X. infusella reared on pickerelweed were lower than those reared on waterhyacinth but large numbers of progeny were produced on both plant species. This experiment demonstrates a considerable impact of X. infusella on pickerelweed suggesting this plant is at risk from this agent if released in the USA where pickerelweed is present. The considerable impact on waterhyacinth demonstrates the potential for this insect to contribute to waterhyacinth control in countries where risk assessment favours release. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New England, Sch Rural Sci & Agr, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. CSIRO, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Control Res Unit, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Stanley, JN (reprint author), Univ New England, Sch Rural Sci & Agr, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. EM jstanle4@une.edu.au RI Julien, Michael/C-2088-2008; Julien, Mic/B-6619-2009 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 142HE UT WOS:000244639200002 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Moskovitz, J AF Uthus, Eric O. Moskovitz, Jackob TI Specific activity of methionine sulfoxide reductase in CD-1 mice is significantly affected by dietary selenium but not zinc SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methionine sulfoxide reductase; mice; oxidation; selenium deficiency; zinc ID SUBSTRATE STEREOSPECIFICITY; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; AMINO-ACIDS; DEFICIENCY; PROTEINS; GLUTATHIONE; OXIDATION; MOUSE; IDENTIFICATION AB Reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation of methionine residues in protein results in a racemic mixture of R and S forms of methionine sulfoxide (MetO). MetO is reduced back to methionine by the methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB. MsrA is specific toward the S form and MsrB is specific toward the R form of MetO. MsrB is a selenoprotein reported to contain zinc (Zn). To determine the effects of dietary selenium (Se) and Zn on Msr activity CD-1 mice (N=16/group) were fed, in a 2X2 design, diets containing 0 or 0.2 mu g Se/g and 3 or 15 mu g Zn/g. As an oxidative stress, half of the mice received L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; ip; 2 mmol/kg, three times per week for the last 3 wk); the others received saline. After 9.5 wk, Msr (the combined specific activities of MsrA and MsrB) was measured in the brain, kidney, and liver. Se deficiency decreased (p < 0.0001) Msr in all three tissues, but Zn had no direct effect. BSO treatment was expected to result in increased Msr activity; this was not seen. Additionally, we found that the ratio of MetO to methionine in liver protein was increased (indicative of oxidative damage) by Se deficiency The results show that Se deficiency increases oxidation of methionyl residues in protein, that Se status affects Msr (most likely through effects on the selenoprotein MsrB), and that marginal Zn deficiency has little effect on Msr in liver and kidney. Finally, the results show that the oxidative effects of limited BSO treatment did not upregulate Msr activity. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1007/BF02686001 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 161JY UT WOS:000246012400007 PM 17625247 ER PT J AU Cochran, RL Collins, HP Kennedy, A Bezdicek, DF AF Cochran, R. L. Collins, H. P. Kennedy, A. Bezdicek, D. F. TI Soil carbon pools and fluxes after land conversion in a semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE C cycling; carbon pools; C turnover; C mineralization; arid shrub-steppe ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CROP-ROTATION; CORN-BELT; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; ROOT; DECOMPOSITION; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Worldwide soil carbon (C) losses associated with agricultural expansion and intensification have contributed significantly to increased atmospheric CO2. Soil disturbances resulting from land use changes were shown to modify the turnover of C and the formation of soil organic matter. A native semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem recently converted into an irrigated agricultural development in the Columbia Basin of Washington State was evaluated for several abiotic indicators that might signal changes in an ecosystem during the initial stages of conversion and disturbance. Soil samples were collected in March of 2003 and 2004 from nine sites that included native shrub-steppe and agricultural fields converted in 2001 and 2002. Disturbance from conversion to irrigated crop production influenced total organic C and nitrogen (N) storage, C and N mineralization, and C turnover. Cultivated fields had greater concentrations of total organic C and N and higher cumulative C and N mineralization than native sites after 3 years of cultivation. Soil organic C was divided into three pools: an active pool (C-a) consisting of labile C (simple sugars, organic acids, the microbial biomass, and metabolic compounds of incorporated plant residues) with a mean residence time of days, an intermediate or slow pool (C-s) consisting of structural plant residues and physically stabilized C, and a resistant fraction (C-r) consisting of lignin and chemically stabilized C. Extended laboratory incubations of soil with measurements of CO2 were used to differentiate the size and turnover of the C (a) and C-s functional C pools. The active pools were determined to be 4.5 and 6.5% and slow pools averaged 44 and 47% of the total C in native and cultivated fields, respectively. Cultivation, crop residue incorporation, and dairy manure compost amendments contributed to the increase in total soil C. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hcollins@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s00374-006-0126-1 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135XA UT WOS:000244186000010 ER PT J AU Park, B Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Smith, DP AF Park, B. Windham, W. R. Lawrence, K. C. Smith, D. P. TI Contaminant classification of poultry hyperspectral imagery using a spectral angle mapper algorithm SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IMAGING-SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; INSPECTION; HEMOGLOBIN; SAFETY; TISSUE AB Since hyperspectral imaging technique has been demonstrated to be a potential tool for poultry safety inspection, particularly faecal contamination, a hyperspectral image classification method was developed for identifying the type and source of faecal contaminants. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) supervised classification method for hyperspectral poultry imagery was performed for classifying faecal and ingesta contaminants on the surface of broiler carcasses. Spatially averaged spectra of three different faeces from the duodenum, caecum, colons, and ingesta of maize/soya bean diet were used for classification data. The SAM classifier using reflectance of hyperspectral data with 512 narrow bands from 400 to 900 rim was able to classify three different faeces and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses. Based on the comparison with ground truth region of interest, both classification accuracy and kappa coefficient, which quantifies the agreement of classification, increased when spectral angle increased. The overall mean accuracy and corresponding mean kappa coefficient to classify faecal and ingesta contaminants were 9013% (standard deviation of 5.40%) and 08841 (standard deviation of 00629) when a spectral angle of 0.3 radians was used as a threshold. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 96 IS 3 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.11.012 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 146TD UT WOS:000244956700003 ER PT J AU Skinner-Nemec, KA Nichols, NN Leathers, TD AF Skinner-Nemec, Kelly A. Nichols, Nancy N. Leathers, Timothy D. TI Biofilm formation by bacterial contaminants of fuel ethanol production SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bacterial contamination; biofilm; fuel ethanol; Lactobacillus; wet mill ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATIONS; GROWTH; INHIBITION AB Commercial fuel ethanol production facilities were previously shown to have characteristic populations of bacterial contaminants which reduce product yield and are difficult to eradicate. Bacterial contaminants were found, for the first time, to form biofilms under laboratory conditions. Fermentor samples from a commercial fuel ethanol production facility were used to inoculate a biofilm reactor and purified bacterial isolates were identified. Biofilms were composed of many of the same species present in production samples, with lactic acid bacteria predominating. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9250-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 137LB UT WOS:000244293000007 PM 17160348 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Keeland, BD Allen, JA Ewel, KC Johnson, DJ AF Krauss, Ken W. Keeland, Bobby D. Allen, James A. Ewel, Katherine C. Johnson, Darren J. TI Effects of season, rainfall, and hydrogeomorphic setting on mangrove tree growth in Micronesia SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; Butaritari Atoll; coastal forests; dendrometry; ENSO; Kiribati; Kosrae; Pohnpei; rainfall dependence; Sonneratia alba ID COSTA-RICA; FORESTS; SWAMP; PERIODICITY; LOUISIANA; FLORIDA; RATES AB Seasonal patterns of tree growth are often related to rainfall, temperature, and relative moisture regimes. We asked whether diameter growth of mangrove trees in Micronesia, where seasonal changes are minimal, is continuous throughout a year or conforms to an annual cycle. We installed dendrometer bands on Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees growing naturally within mangrove swamps on the islands of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Pohnpei, FSM, and Butaritari, Republic of Kiribati, in the eastern Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. Trees were remeasured monthly or quarterly for as long as 6 yr. Annual mean individual tree basal area increments ranged from 7.0 to 79.6 cm(2)/yr for all S. alba trees and from 4.8 to 27.4 cm(2)/yr for all B. gymnorrhiza trees from Micronesian high islands. Diameter increment for S. alba on Butaritari Atoll was lower at 7.8 cm(2)/yr for the one year measured. Growth rates differed significantly by hydrogeomorphic zone. Riverine and interior zones maintained up to seven times the annual diameter growth rate of fringe forests, though not on Pohnpei, where basal area increments for both S. alba and B. gymnorrhiza were approximately 1.5 times greater in the fringe zone than in the interior zone. Time-series modeling indicated that there were no consistent and statistically significant annual diameter growth patterns. Although rainfall has some seasonality in some years on Kosrae and Pohnpei and overall growth of mangroves was sometimes related positively to quarterly rainfall depths, seasonal diameter growth patterns were not distinctive. A reduced chance of moisture-related stress in high-rainfall, wetland environments may serve to buffer growth of Micronesian mangroves from climatic extremes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. IAP World Serv Inc, USGS Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00259.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 134QI UT WOS:000244098300002 ER PT J AU Koenig, SE Wunderle, JM Enkerlin-Hoeflich, EC AF Koenig, Susan E. Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, Ernesto C. TI Vines and canopy contact: a route for snake predation on parrot nests SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BOAS EPICRATES-INORNATUS; PUERTO-RICAN BOA; HABITAT SELECTION; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; AMAZONA-VITTATA; BAT PREDATION; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; DEFENSE; FOREST AB Ornithologists have hypothesized that some tropical forest birds avoid snake predation by nesting in isolated trees that do not have vines and canopy contact with neigbbouring trees. Here we review two complementary studies that support this hypothesis by demonstrating (1) that an abundance of vines and an interlocking canopy characterized Jamaican Black-billed Parrot Amazona agilis nest-trees that failed due to chick loss, presumably to snakes, and (2) that such trees were used preferentially by an arboreal snake congeneric to the snake implicated in the parrot losses. Evidence strongly suggested that losses of nestling Black-billed Parrots were due in substantial part to predation by the Jamaican (yellow) Boa Epicrates subflavus (Boidae). Studies of the closely related Epicrates inornatus on Puerto Rico revealed that trees used by boas had more vine cover and more crown or canopy contact with neighbouring trees than did randomly selected trees. Moreover, the boas had relatively large home ranges and were most active during March to July, which corresponds with the breeding season of parrots as well as other bird species. We suggest that nest failure due to snakes may be reduced in endangered bird species through isolating the nest-tree by eliminating vines and canopy contact with neighbouring trees and shrubs and by placing barriers on the nest-tree trunk. C1 Windsor Res Ctr, Trelawny, Jamaica. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Ctr Calidad Ambiental Tecnol, Monterrey 64859, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Koenig, SE (reprint author), Windsor Res Ctr, Sherwood Content PO, Trelawny, Jamaica. EM windsor@cwjamaica.com NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1017/S095927090600061X PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 158WI UT WOS:000245825500007 ER PT J AU Steimetz, T Katok, K Gorustovich, A Krieger, ML Forrest, NH Guglielmotti, MB AF Steimetz, T. Katok, K. Gorustovich, A. Krieger, M. L. Forrest, Nielsen H. Guglielmotti, M. B. TI Bone remodeling and silicon deficiency in rats SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Argentine-Association-of-Osteology-and-Mineral-Metabolism CY OCT 19-20, 2006 CL Rosario, ARGENTINA SP Argentine Assoc Osteol & Mineral Metabol C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Oral Pathol, Sch Dent, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Natl Res Council, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP S8 EP S8 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.024 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 141CA UT WOS:000244552800048 ER PT J AU Volpe, SL Lowe, NM Woodhouse, LR King, JC AF Volpe, Stella Lucia Lowe, Nicola M. Woodhouse, Leslie R. King, Janet C. TI Effect of maximal exercise on the short-term kinetics of zinc metabolism in sedentary men SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; COPPER; PROTEINS; HUMANS; URINE; WOMEN; IRON AB Objective: To examine the effect of acute exhaustive exercise versus rest on short-term zinc kinetics in men. Design: Crossover design, wherein all subjects were their own control. Setting: University setting, where subjects were free living. Participants: 12 healthy, sedentary men, 25 - 35 years of age. Interventions: Zn-70 was infused 10 min after exercise or at rest. Plasma zinc concentrations were measured at baseline and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min after exercise or rest. Haematocrit was measured before and after exercise to assess changes in plasma volume. Main outcome measurements: Plasma zinc ( primary), serum creatine kinase and serum cortisol concentrations ( secondary). Results: Plasma zinc concentrations decreased ( p< 0.05) after exercise, with a mean (SD) nadir of 13.9% (4.1%) observed at 70 min after exercise. There were increases in the size of the rapidly exchangeable plasma zinc pool (Qa; from 3.1 (0.2) to 3.6 ( 0.2) mg; p< 0.05) and the liver zinc pool (Qb; from 10.2 (0.6) to 11.4 (0.8) mg; p = 0.12). Conclusion: Exercise seems to cause a shift of plasma zinc into the interstitial fluid and liver after exercise, which may reflect the acute stress response of strenuous exercise. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Div Biobehav & Hlth Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Volpe, SL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Div Biobehav & Hlth Sci, Nursing Educ Bldg,420 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM svolpe@nursing.upenn.edu RI Lowe, Nicola/B-5472-2013 OI Lowe, Nicola/0000-0002-6934-2768 FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32.HD07266-10] NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-3674 J9 BRIT J SPORT MED JI Br. J. Sports Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1136/bjsm.2006.030346 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 141VF UT WOS:000244606200012 PM 17138634 ER PT J AU Shahnazari, M Lang, DH Fosmire, GJ Sharkey, NA Mitchell, AD Leach, RM AF Shahnazari, M. Lang, D. H. Fosmire, G. J. Sharkey, N. A. Mitchell, A. D. Leach, R. M. TI Strontium administration in young chickens improves bone volume and architecture but does not enhance bone structural and material strength SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE strontium; bone fracture; bone quality; broiler chicken; mechanical property ID IN-VITRO; BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWTH-RATE; RANELATE; RATS; RESORPTION; QUALITY; MINERALIZATION; OSTEOPOROSIS; CALCIUM AB Genetic selection for rapid body growth in broiler chickens has resulted in adverse effects on the skeletal system exemplified by a higher rate of cortical fractures in leg bones. Strontium (Sr) has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone formation and strength. We supplemented the diet of 300-day-old chicks with increasing dosages of Sr (0%, 0.12%, or 0.24%) to study the capacity of the element to improve bone quality and mechanical integrity. Treatment with Sr increased cortical bone volume and reduced bone porosity as measured by micro-computed tomography. The higher level of Sr significantly reduced bone Ca content (34.7%) relative to controls (37.2%), suggesting that Sr replaced some of the Ca in bone. Material properties determined by the three-point bending test showed that bone in the Sr-treated groups withstood greater deformation prior to fracture. Load to failure and ultimate stress were similar across groups. Our results indicate that Sr treatment in rapidly growing chickens induced positive effects on bone volume but did not improve the breaking strength of long bones. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shahnazari, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mshahnaz@purdue.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s00223-006-0176-2 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 145TN UT WOS:000244888000003 PM 17340224 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Pantoja, A Hagerty, A Crabo, L Green, D AF Landolt, Peter J. Pantoja, Alberto Hagerty, Aaron Crabo, Lars Green, Daryl TI Moths trapped in Alaska with feeding attractant lures and the seasonal flight patterns of potential agricultural pests SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; LACANOBIA-SUBJUNCTA; FLORAL COMPOUNDS; ALFALFA LOOPER; NOCTUID MOTHS; ACETIC-ACID; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA AB Traps baited with two types of chemical feeding attractants yielded 97 species of macrolepidoptera at three areas in Alaska (Fairbanks, Delta Junction, and Palmer). These were 16 geometrid, I thyatirid, and 76 noctuid moth species and 4 species of nymphalid butterflies. Potential crop pests trapped included Apamea devastator (Brace) (glassy cutworm), Xestia cnigrum L. (spotted cutworm), Xestia smithii (Snellen) (Smith's dart), Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenee) (redbacked cutworm), and Discestra trifolii (Hufnagel) (clover cutworm). The clover cutworm was captured early in the season (May into June), while Smith's dart, glassy cutworm, spotted cutworm, and redbacked cutworm were captured in traps in mid to late summer. Many more species and greater numbers of moths were captured in traps baited with acetic acid and 3-methyl-l-butanol than in traps baited with a multicomponent floral lure (phenylacetaidehyde, methyl salicylate, methyl-2-methoxy benzoate, and beta-myrcene). However, most of the geometrid moths captured (12 of 16 species) were in floral lure traps, while one species of Hadeninae (Noctuidae) and both species of Plusiinae (Noctuidae) were trapped exclusively in floral lure traps. The one thyatirid, both Catocalinae noctuid species, and most Amphipyrinae, Cuculliinae, Hadeninae, and Noctuinae noctuid species were captured in traps baited with acetic acid and 3-methyl-l-butanol. In addition, large numbers of bumblebees were captured in traps baited with the floral lure, while large numbers of yellowjackets were captured in traps baited with acetic acid and 3-methyl-l-butanot. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA, ARS, Subarcic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 139 IS 2 BP 278 EP 291 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 227UR UT WOS:000250683800013 ER PT J AU Gallagher, P Shapouri, H Brubaker, H AF Gallagher, Paul Shapouri, Hosein Brubaker, Heather TI Scale, organization, and profitability of ethanol processing SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID MARKET; INDUSTRY; PLANTS; SIZE AB We analyze the appropriate size and implied profitability of a representative ethanol processing firm. An analysis based on current processing technology and costs with typical conditions in Iowa product and input markets is useful; because unit production costs have declined 30% in current dollars over the last 15 years; and because discovering a suitable size for processing facilities has been an important part of the cost-reducing process. We apply theoretical plant size rules for a conventional processing business, an integrated producer/processor enterprise, and a processing cooperative. We also introduce a spatial dimension for the corn input market, because ethanol processing facilities can be uniquely large among agri-processing enterprises. The analysis supports three conclusions. First, the most appropriate size may still be larger than many of the recently constructed plants. Second, ethanol processing is a profitable enterprise; for instance, we calculate a return on capital of 14% for a processing business with optimal scale, current costs and technology, and typical market conditions. Third, total producer plus processor profits can be improved moderately, about $0.04/bushel of corn processed, with an integrated producer/processor enterprise; the producer enterprise sets the local corn price through processing capacity, in a fashion that offsets some potential monopsony power. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gallagher, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, 481 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM paulg@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 63 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00080.x PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 134AP UT WOS:000244055300005 ER PT J AU Richardson, BA Zarnbino, PJ Klopfenstein, NB McDonald, GI Carris, LM AF Richardson, Bryce A. Zarnbino, Paul J. Klopfenstein, Ned B. McDonald, Geral I. Carris, Lori M. TI Assessing host specialization among aecial and telial hosts of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE rust fungus; AFLP; invasive species; plant pathogen ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; 1ST REPORT; PEDICULARIS; OROBANCHACEAE; CASTILLEJA; PHYLOGENY; DNA; EVOLUTION; GENETICS AB The white-pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola Fisch. in Rabenh., continues to spread in North America, utilizing various aecial (primary) and telial (alternate) hosts, some of which have only recently been discovered. This introduced pathogen has been characterized as having low genetic diversity in North America, yet it has demonstrated a capacity to invade diverse environments. The recent discovery of this rust fungus on the telial host Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth., raises questions of whether this host association represents a recent acquisition by C. ribicola or a long-standing host association that was overlooked. Here we explore two questions: (i) is host specialization detectable at a local scale and (ii) is the capacity to infect Pedicularis racemosa local or widespread? Genetic analysis of C. ribicola isolates from different aecial and telial hosts provided no evidence for genetic differentiation and showed similar levels of expected heterozygosity within a geographic population. An inoculation test showed that diverse C. ribicola sources from across North America had the capacity to infect Pedicularis racemosa. These results support a hypothesis that ability to infect Pedicularis racemosa is common in C. ribicola from North America. Utilization of Pedicularis racemosa by C. ribicola may be dependent on the co-occurrence of this host, inoculum, and favorable environments. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Richardson, BA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM brichardson02@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1139/B07-031 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 189PB UT WOS:000247999900006 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Ringvall, A Jonsson, BG AF Fraver, Shawn Ringvall, Anna Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar TI Refining volume estimates of down woody debris SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PICEA-ABIES FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; BUTT LOGS; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS; FORMULAS; GRAVITY; MAINE AB Down woody debris (DWD) plays a vital role in forest ecosystem structure and function. Although Volume is likely the most common metric used to characterize DWD. an evaluation of the formulae used for volume estimation on individual DWD pieces has received little attention. We determined actual volume of 155 diverse DWD pieces (types, species, lengths, and diameters) by detailed field measurements. By comparing the actual and calculated Volumes from six commonly used formulae, we assessed their bias, precision, and accuracy. Based on observed DWD forms, we developed a new formula. namely the "conic-paraboloid", which was included in the assessment. Among the formulae that require length and two end diameter measurements, the conic-paraboloid had the lowest bias, highest precision, and hence greatest accuracy. Newton's and the centroid formulae had higher accuracy yet require more field measurements. Smalian's, conical frustum. and average-of-ends formulae had poor performance relative to the others. Accuracy of all formulae decreased with increasing piece length. Thus, partitioning pieces into two, three, and four sections for additional measurement improved accuracy. As decay advances, pieces become progressively more elliptical in cross section. Using the cross-sectional area derived from only the long axis of the ellipse leads to substantial volume overestimates for well-decayed DWD. C1 Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Nat Sci, S-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy,169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM Shawn.Fraver@miun.se NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1139/X06-269 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 190TP UT WOS:000248083800011 ER PT J AU Pecot, SD Mitchell, RJ Palik, BJ Moser, EB Hiers, JK AF Pecot, Stephen D. Mitchell, Robert J. Palik, Brian J. Moser, E. Barry Hiers, J. Kevin TI Competitive responses of seedlings and understory plants in longleaf pine woodlands: separating canopy influences above and below ground SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ARISTIDA-STRICTA; PERENNIAL GRASS; WATER RELATIONS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOIL-WATER; FOREST AB A trenching study was used to investigate above- and below-ground competition in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) woodland. Trenched and nontrenched plots were replicated in the woodland matrix, at gap edges, and in gap centers representing a range of overstory stocking. One-half of each plot received a herbicide treatment to remove the understory. We monitored pine survival and growth, understory productivity, light level (gap fraction), and soil resources. The overstory facilitated pine seedling survival. Pine seedling growth was reduced as overstory stocking increased. Reduced growth of seedlings was also observed in gaps when the understory was left intact. Understory plants competed with seedlings by filling the root gaps that developed as a result of overstory disturbance. Hardwood growth increased in gaps, owing to decreased belowground competition with adult pines, while growth of herbaceous plants and pine seedlings increased with light availability. Large overstory gaps are not required to initiate regeneration in Ion-leaf pine woodlands. Retaining overstory dispersed throughout the stand but variable in density, through single-tree selection approaches, may be an alternative to gap-based approaches. This approach would allow for the fuel continuity needed to sustain the frequent fire required to maintain the diversity characteristic of this type of woodland. C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. LLC, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Mitchell, RJ (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM Robert.mitchell@jonesctn.org NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 634 EP 648 DI 10.1139/X06-247 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 190TP UT WOS:000248083800012 ER PT J AU Hoffman, C Mathiasen, R Sieg, CH AF Hoffman, Chad Mathiasen, Robert Sieg, Carolyn Hull TI Dwarf mistletoe effects on fuel loadings in ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PAIRWISE MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; FIRE BEHAVIOR; CROWN FIRE; VARIANCE AB Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) J. Presl ssp. cryptopodum) infests about 0.9 million ha in the southwestern United States. Several studies suggest that dwarf mistletoes affect forest fuels and fire behavior; however, few studies have quantified these effects. We compared surface fuel loadings and predicted fire behavior among four levels of dwarf mistletoe infestation (none, light, moderate, and severe) in a total of 239 plots on I I sites on basaltic soils in northern Arizona. In each plot we measured tree attributes, dwarf mistletoe rating and surface fuel loading. Stands severely infested by dwarf mistletoe had lower (P < 0.05) tree density and higher snag density, but higher (P < 0.05) total surface fuel loadings and total fuel loadings >7.62 cm and <7.62 cm, than non-infested stands. However, there were no statistical differences in any canopy fuel variables among infestation classes. Predicted fire behavior indicated that the wind speed required to promote the spread of a surface fire into the canopy was lower in severely infested stands than in non-infested stands. These results suggest that stands in northern Arizona that are severely infested with dwarf mistletoe should be priority areas for fuels treatments. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hoffman, C (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Box 441142, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM chadh@uidaho.edu OI Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 662 EP 670 DI 10.1139/X06-259 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 190TP UT WOS:000248083800014 ER PT J AU Fraver, S Wagner, RG Day, M AF Fraver, Shawn Wagner, Robert G. Day, Michael TI Erratum: Dynamics of coarse woody debris following gap harvesting in the Acadian forest of central Maine, USA (vol 32, pg 2094, 2002) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM sfraver@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 704 EP 704 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 190TP UT WOS:000248083800019 ER PT J AU Martir, MC Tlusty, B van Berkum, P Graham, PH AF Martir, M. C. Tlusty, B. van Berkum, P. Graham, P. H. TI The genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Dalea purpurea Vent. in fragmented grasslands of west-central Minnesota SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium; Dalea; biogeography; diversity; fragmentation; prairie legumes ID BEAN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR VICIAE; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SPECIES RICHNESS; ETLI; SOIL; POPULATIONS AB The increase in human population and the spread of agriculture over the past 150 years have transformed the landscape in west-central Minnesota into a mosaic of agricultural fields and urban land, leaving only remnants of the once dominant prairie ecosystem. Limited natural habitat in this fragmented landscape threatens the diversity and abundance of native legumes and could impact the size and function of associated belowground microbial populations. In this study, BOXA1R PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Dalea purpurea (Vent.) in nine prairie remnants ranging in size from 0.04 to 3.5 ha. The variation in soil properties was also determined. While 53 different genotypes of rhizobia were identified, four of these accounted for 84% of the 1029 rhizobia characterized using BOXA1R PCR. Representatives from three of the four dominant genotypes had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similar to that of Rhizobium gallicum, with two of these genotypes recovered at all sites. The fourth genotype was similar to that of Rhizobium etli and occurred with frequency at only two sites. Rhizobium genotype richness and site area were positively correlated. The implications of these results are discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Graham, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM graha019@umn.edu NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1139/W06-137 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 181GZ UT WOS:000247426500003 PM 17538644 ER PT J AU Chen, J Groves, R Civerolo, E Livingston, S AF Chen, J. Groves, R. Civerolo, E. Livingston, S. TI Surface motility of Xylella fastidiosa visualized by oblique illumination SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; surface motility; slime trail; almond-leaf scorch ID BACTERIA; DISEASE AB Stereomicroscopic observations using oblique illuminations revealed the presence of two types of movement trails by Xylella fastidiosa strains (A- and G-genotypes) isolated from almond-leaf scorch samples on the surface of PW and PD3 culture media. The A-genotype strains showed curved motility trails, and the G-genotype strains showed straight motility trails. Haloes were found around some G-genotype colonies due to the excretion of unknown factors and (or) compounds, which might be related to bacterial surface motility. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95617 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jichen@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1139/W06-134 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 181GZ UT WOS:000247426500013 PM 17538654 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Huenefeld, RE Nolte, DL AF Arjo, W. M. Huenefeld, R. E. Nolte, D. L. TI Mountain beaver home ranges, habitat use, and population dynamics in Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID APLODONTIA-RUFA; MOVEMENTS AB The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa (Rafinesque, 1817)), endemic to western North America, is the only extant member of the family Aplodontidae. Limited information on movements and habitat use throughout the species' range is available. We radio-collared 41 mountain beavers to determine home ranges, dispersal, habitat use, and population densities on two managed forest sites in coastal Washington. Both sites were recently harvested for timber. The Donovan site (16.6 ha) was treated with herbicide before seedling planting and the Sylvia site (8.9 ha) was not treated. Mountain beaver home ranges (Donovan: 4.18 +/- 0.81 ha; Sylvia: 1.39 +/- 0.4 ha) were greater than previously reported in the literature (0.02-0.2 ha). Home ranges (P = 0.009) and core use areas (P = 0.05) on the herbicide-treated Donovan site were larger than those observed on the untreated Sylvia site. Mountain beaver population density declined from 2002 (n = 16) to 2003 (n = 8) on the Donovan site, and reinvasion onto the site after removal trapping was low (n = 7). Population density more than doubled on the Sylvia site from 2002 (n = 21) to 2003 (n = 55), and reinvasion was greater (n = 27) than observed at Donovan. In addition, we documented habitat characteristics centered at 9 Donovan and 10 Sylvia nest locations. Sites were similar in most habitat characteristics, but the Sylvia site had more herbaceous forbs, stumps, and woody debris. Our findings suggest that mountain beaver populations and home ranges are affected by availability of forage, such as herbaceous forbs, after herbicide treatment, as well as by availability of woody cover. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Arjo, WM (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 9730-B Lathrop Ind Dr SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1139/Z07-007 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 164VX UT WOS:000246264000004 ER PT J AU Freeman, VL Flanigan, RC Meydani, M AF Freeman, Vincent L. Flanigan, Robert C. Meydani, Mohsen TI Prostatic fatty acids and cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; diet and nutrition; body mass index; biochemical recurrence; prognosis ID BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; OBESITY; RISK; MECHANISMS; DATABASE; FAILURE; ANTIGEN; PLASMA; TISSUE; GENE AB Results from some observational studies suggest that diet and energy balance influence the clinical course of early-stage prostate cancer. To evaluate possible mechanisms, we prospectively examined the relation between prostatic concentrations of fatty acids at diagnosis and cancer recurrence following primary therapy. Fatty acids were measured by capillary gas chromatography in fresh, non-cancerous prostate tissue collected from 184 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Their association with risk of biochemical disease recurrence (a rising serum prostate-specific antigen following a disease-free [< 0.1 ng/ml] interval >= 6 months) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models incorporating patient age, body mass index, tumor characteristics at diagnosis, and ethnicity. During an average follow-up of 48.7 months (median = 47), 14 patients experienced biochemical recurrence. Percent total polyunsaturated fatty acid and the ratio of oleic-to-stearic acid associated with risk (multivariable hazards ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.90, p = 0.021 and HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.33, p = 0.002, respectively, per 1 standard deviation increase). The results of this study are preliminary, but they suggest that pre-diagnostic prostatic concentrations of fatty acids associate with risk of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Populat Hlth & Hlth Dispar, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Urol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Freeman, VL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM freem981@uic.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0095-6 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134EL UT WOS:000244065700010 PM 17216324 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TS Baskin, JM Baskin, CC AF Hawkins, Tracy S. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. TI Seed morphology, germination phenology, and capacity to form a seed bank in six herbaceous layer Apiaceae species of the Eastern Deciduous Forest SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID WOODLAND HERB; DORMANCY; UMBELLIFERAE; PERSISTENCE; SHAPE; SIZE; SOIL AB We compared seed mass, seed morphology, and long-term germination phenology of three monocarpic (M) and three polycarpic (P) Apiaceae species of the herbaceous layer of the Eastern Deciduous Forest. Seeds (mericarps) of the six species differed considerably in mass, shape, and ornamentation. Mean seed masses were ranked Cryptotaenia canadensis (M) < Thaspium barbinode (P) < Sanicula canadensis (M) < S. gregaria (P) < Osmorhiza claytonii (P) < S. trifoliata (M). Germination peaks occurred in the first or second spring following sowing. Germination of a few seeds was delayed until the sixth year. Regardless of seed mass or morphology, each species has the potential to form a (modified) Type III or (modified) Type IV persistent soil seed bank. Occurrence of a germination peak in the first or in the second year following seed maturity was related to time of dispersal in autumn and to type of seed dormancy. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Hawkins, TS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM tracyhawkins@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY, NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N. HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST., NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD MAR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.2179/0008-7475(2007)72[8:SMGPAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150OC UT WOS:000245225100002 ER PT J AU Benedetti, MM Daniels, JM Ritchie, JC AF Benedetti, M. M. Daniels, J. M. Ritchie, J. C. TI Predicting vertical accretion rates at an archaeological site on the Mississippi River Floodplain: Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE overbank sediments; sedimentation rates; Cs-137; Upper Mississippi Valley ID COON CREEK BASIN; EXTREME FLOOD; SOIL-EROSION; SEDIMENTATION; VALLEY; TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; CESIUM-137 AB The Sny Magill Unit of Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa, contains the largest cluster of prehistoric effigy mounds on public land in North America. The mounds are situated atop a low terrace of the Upper Mississippi River, where they are slowly being buried by overbank deposition during floods. The terrace surface includes forest soils with argillic (Bt) or cambic (Bw) horizons developed in up to I m of loamy overbank deposits on top of Pleistocene sand and gravel. Radiocarbon evidence suggests that overbank deposits have accumulated since the end of the mound-building period (about 700 years BP), yielding a vertical accretion rate of about 0.6 mm yr(-1). On the basis of Cs-137 analysis, accretion rates over the past 40-50 years average 1.25-2.07 mm yr(-1), with some evidence for a decreasing rate since 1964. If these accretion rates are projected forward, several of the effigy mounds could be buried by flood deposits within 150-300 years. This Cs-137-derived estimate agrees closely with an estimate of burial times based on flood frequency and observed flood deposit thickness during recent floods. However, the floodplain and backwater environments of the Upper Mississippi River are aggrading much more rapidly than the Sny Magill terrace surface, suggesting that burial of the entire terrace could occur within 80-400 years and the entire mound group could be buried within 150-850 years. The projected accretion rates and time to burial are subject to large uncertainties because of environmental change in the watershed, including recent trends toward increasing flood stages and decreasing suspended sediment loads. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Benedetti, MM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM benedettim@uncw.edu; jmd@uwyo.edu; jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Daniels, J. Michael/F-1117-2013; OI Benedetti, Michael/0000-0002-2900-887X NR 71 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 2 BP 134 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.05.002 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 143QI UT WOS:000244737300006 ER PT J AU LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR AF LaCroix, Denis E. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Solid phase extraction/liquid chromatography method for the determination of niacin in commercial flour products SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFANT FORMULA C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, FCL, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, FCL, Bldg 161, Beltsville, MD USA. EM wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0116 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158ZW UT WOS:000245835700002 ER PT J AU Wu, X Zhao, R Bean, SR Seib, PA McLaren, JS Madl, RL Tuinstra, M Lenz, MC Wang, D AF Wu, X. Zhao, R. Bean, S. R. Seib, P. A. McLaren, J. S. Madl, R. L. Tuinstra, M. Lenz, M. C. Wang, D. TI Factors impacting ethanol production from grain sorghum in the dry-grind process SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; CONDENSED TANNINS; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; COOKED SORGHUM; MAIZE; CULTIVAR; AMYLOSE; INVITRO; FLOURS; ACID AB The goal of this research is to understand the key factors affecting ethanol production from grain sorghum. Seventy genotypes and elite hybrids with a range of chemical compositions and physical properties selected from approximate to 1,200 sorghum lines were evaluated for ethanol production and were used to study the relationships of composition, grain structure, and physical features that affect ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency. Variations of 22% in ethanol yield and 9% in fermentation efficiency were observed among the 70 sorghum samples. Genotypes with high and low conversion efficiencies were associated with attributes that may be manipulated to improve fermentation efficiency. Major characteristics of the elite sorghum genotypes for ethanol production by the dry-grind method include high starch content, rapid liquefaction, low viscosity during liquefaction, high fermentation speed, and high fermentation efficiency. Major factors adversely affecting the bioconversion process are tannin content, low protein digestibility, high mash viscosity, and an elevated concentration of amylose-lipid complex in the mash. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. StrathKirn Inc, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Monsanto Co, Mt Hope, KS 67108 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 42 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0130 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158ZW UT WOS:000245835700005 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Herrman, TJ Bean, SR Jackson, DS Lingenfelser, J AF Lee, Kyung-Min Herrman, Timothy J. Bean, Scott R. Jackson, David S. Lingenfelser, Jane TI Classification of dry-milled maize grit yield groups using quadratic discriminant analysis and decision tree algorithm SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW DENT CORN; BREAKAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY; QUALITY FACTORS; MILLING CHARACTERISTICS; HARDNESS; DENSITY; HYBRIDS; PREDICTION; WHEAT AB A genetically and environmentally diverse collection of maize (Zea maize L.) samples was evaluated for physical properties and grit yield to help develop a standard set of criteria to identify grain best suited for dry-milling. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) reduced a set of approximately 500 samples collected from six states to 154 maize hybrids. Selected maize hybrids were placed into seven groups according to their dry-milled grit yields. Regression analysis explained only 50% of the variability in dry-milling grit yield. Patterns of differences in the physical properties for the seven grit yield groups implied that the seven yield groups could be placed into two or three groups. Using two pattern recognition techniques for improving classification accuracy, quadratic discriminant analysis and the classification and regression tree (CART) model, dry-milled grit yield groups were predicted. The estimated correct classification rates were 69-80% when the samples were divided into three yield groups and 81-90% when samples were divided into two yield groups. The results indicated the comparable success of both techniques and the superiority of the decision tree algorithm to quadratic discriminant analysis by offering higher accuracy and clearer classification rules in differentiating among dry-milled grit yield groups. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Herrman, TJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. EM tjh@otsc.tamu.edu RI Jackson, David/C-1120-2009; OI Jackson, David/0000-0002-0755-2540; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0152 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158ZW UT WOS:000245835700008 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Fishman, ML Chau, HK Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, Hoa K. Johnston, David B. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Molecular characteristics of corn fiber gum and their influence on CFG emulsifying properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEMICELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; INDUSTRIAL; PROTEINS; EMULSION AB The molecular characteristics of two purified arabinoxylan fractions derived from corn kernels, corn fiber gum-1 and -2 (CFG-1 and -2), have been studied and correlated with emulsifying properties. CFG-1 and -2 fractions were isolated from different corn fiber sources by 1) a sequential alkaline extraction and H(2)O(2) bleaching to produce CFG-1; and 2) additional H(2)O(2) treatment of the alkali-extracted residue at pH 11.5, yielding CFG-2. Multiangle laser light-scattering and online viscosity were used to measure the molar mass, polydispersity, structure compactness, and intrinsic viscosity of the generated CFG fractions. Emulsification properties in an oil-in-water emulsion system with 10:1 oil-to-gum ratio was investigated by measuring turbidity of an aliquot from the bottom of the diluted emulsion over 10 days. The isolated CFG-2 from each fiber source was higher in weight-average molar mass (M(w)) polydispersity (M(w)/M(n)) and structure compactness, and also lower in solution weight-average intrinsic viscosity (eta(w)) than the corresponding CFG-1. Average M(w) and eta(w) values were 244-491 kDa and 1.35-1.84 dL/g, respectively. The emulsion stabilizing capacity of CFG-2 from each fiber source was superior to the corresponding CFG-1. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-84-2-0175 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158ZW UT WOS:000245835700011 ER PT J AU Gelin, JR Elias, EM Manthey, FA Grant, L AF Gelin, J. R. Elias, E. M. Manthey, F. A. Grant, L. TI Study of the relationship between sprouting score and sprout damage in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE durum wheat; pre-harvest sprouting; sprout damage; falling number; stirring number ID RESISTANCE; QUALITY AB Sprout damage in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is caused by pre-harvest sprouting. It reduces seed quality and causes a loss of starch gel viscosity, which negatively affects the pasta industry. The objectives of this research were to study the relationship between sprouting score and sprout damage in two durum wheat populations grown at Langdon, and Prosper, ND, to test the sensitivity of the stirring number test compared with the falling number test for estimating sprout damage, and to evaluate the effect of cutting date on sprout damage. A negative correlation between sprouting and sprout damage was detected in both populations. The stirring number test was more sensitive than the falling number method, but the two tests were positively correlated when sprouted and sound seeds were used. Cutting date did not significantly affect sprouting score. There was no significant cutting date X genotype interaction. Viscosity loss due to sprouting was complete in the two populations. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Res Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gelin, JR (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM robert.gelin@syngenta.com NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1556/CRC.35.2007.1.7 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 145PW UT WOS:000244878000007 ER PT J AU Gao, S Ryu, J Tanji, KK Herbel, MJ AF Gao, S. Ryu, J. Tanji, K. K. Herbel, M. J. TI Arsenic speciation and accumulation in evapoconcentrating waters of agricultural evaporation basins SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arsenic speciation; drainage disposal; organic arsenic; evapoconcentration ID WETLAND SYSTEM; SELENIUM; FRACTIONATION; ENVIRONMENT; CALIFORNIA; RATES; SOILS AB To sustain agricultural productivity, evaporation basins (or ponds) have been widely used for the disposal of agricultural drainage in areas requiring subsurface drainage in the San Joaquin Valley of California, USA. The drainage water contains elevated concentration of trace elements including selenium (Se) and arsenic (As). Unlike Se, little information is available about As, a potentially high risk element. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical behavior of As and acquire data for better understanding of biogeo-chemical processes and conditions affecting As fate in evaporation ponds. The study site was a 726 ha evaporation basin facility (containing 10 cells with water flowing in series) in the hydrologically closed Tulare Basin of California. We examined water chemistry, As concentration and speciation along the water flow path between cells as well as within the cells. Arsenic concentrations in the water increased linearly with Cl-, a conservative ion from evapoconcentration. Reduced As species as arsenite [As(III)] and organic arsenic (org-As) also increased with increases in Cl- and salinity. Water samples with elevated EC (i.e., towards the end of flow path) had high dissolved organic matter, low dissolved oxygen, and elevated sulfide concentrations, indicating the development of reducing conditions. We hypothesize that such changes could facilitate the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to As(III) and org-As. Elevated As in sediment profiles indicate a solid phase sink mechanism, but not significant enough to remove and reduce As concentrations in the water columns. These findings help us better define the processes that affect As in drainage facilities and contribute to our understanding of how As behaves in other regions of the world that have similar climatic and hydrogeochemical conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 5 BP 862 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.027 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152YB UT WOS:000245397100003 PM 17215022 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS Casey, FXM Hakk, H Larsen, GL AF Fan, Zhaosheng Casey, Francis X. M. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. TI Persistence and fate of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in agricultural soils SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE 17 beta-estradiol; testosterone; hormones; incubation experiment; mineralization ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE TREATMENT; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; STEROID ESTROGENS; MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TRANSPORT; HORMONES; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION AB Steroidal hormones are constantly released into the environment by man-made and natural sources. The goal of this study was to examine the persistence and fate of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone, the two primary natural sex hormones. Incubation experiments were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using [4-C-14]-radiolabeled 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone. The results indicated that 6% of 17 beta-estradiol and 63% of testosterone could be mineralized to (CO2)-C-14 in native soils under aerobic conditions. In native soils under anaerobic conditions, 2% of testosterone and no 17 beta-estradiol was methanogenized to (CH4)-C-14. Essentially, no mineralization of either testosterone or 17 beta-estradiol to (CO2)-C-14 occurred in autoclaved soils under aerobic or anaerobic condition. Results also indicated that 17 beta-estradiol could be transformed to an unidentified polar compound through abiotic chemical processes; however, 17 beta-estradiol was only oxidized to estrone via biological processes. The TLC results also indicated that testosterone was degraded, not by physical-chemical processes but by biological processes. Results also indicated that the assumed risks of estrogenic hormones in the environment might be over-estimated due to the soil's humic substances, which can immobilize majority of estrogenic hormones, and thereby reduce their bioavailability and toxicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM francis.casey@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 42 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 5 BP 886 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.040 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152YB UT WOS:000245397100006 PM 17223163 ER PT J AU Czyzewski, DI Eakin, MN Lane, MM Jarrett, M Shulman, RJ AF Czyzewski, Danita I. Eakin, Michelle N. Lane, Mariella M. Jarrett, Monica Shulman, Robert J. TI Recurrent abdominal pain in primary and tertiary care: Differences and similarities SO CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; SOMATIZATION DISORDER; FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY; SOMATIC COMPLAINTS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; ILLNESS BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; ANXIETY; ADOLESCENTS AB This study sought to identify child and parent characteristics differentiating children with recurrent abdominal pain seen by a pediatrician (RAP-Peds) from those seen by a gastroenterologist (RAP-GI). Children (7-10 years) and mothers in three groups (RAP-GI, RAP-Peds, and Controls) completed mother and child reports of child's functional disability, internalizing symptoms, and somatic complaints, and mother report of her anxiety and somatization. Child report did not differentiate groups. RAP mothers were more likely than Control mothers to focus on somatic complaints in themselves and their children. Mother report of child disability was strongly related to tertiary care for child's recurrent abdominal pain. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biobehav Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Czyzewski, DI (reprint author), 6621 Fannin St,CC1740-01, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM danitac@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK056338, P30 DK056338-01A1]; NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR005337-02, R01 NR005337] NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0273-9615 J9 CHILD HEALTH CARE JI Child. Health Care PD SPR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 137 EP 153 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 184VX UT WOS:000247671800003 PM 20357915 ER PT J AU Rader, EP Cederna, PS Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Yu, D Buchman, SR Larkin, LM Faulkner, JA AF Rader, Erik P. Cederna, Paul S. Weinzweig, Jeffrey Panter, Kip E. Yu, Deborah Buchman, Steven R. Larkin, Lisa M. Faulkner, John A. TI Contraction-induced injury to single permeabilized muscle fibers from normal and congenitally-clefted goat palates SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Northeastern-Society-of-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgeons CY NOV 03-06, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP NE Soc Plast & Reconstruct Surg DE lengthening contractions; levator veli palatini; velopharyngeal incompetence ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS; LENGTHENING CONTRACTIONS; SOFT PALATE; EXERCISE; DAMAGE; DOMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRETCHES; DIVERSITY AB Objective: Levator veli palatini muscles from normal palates of adult humans and goats are predominantly slow oxidative (type 1) fibers. However, 85% of levator veli palatini fibers from cleft palates of adult goats are physiologically fast (type 2). This fiber composition difference between cleft and normal palates may have implications in palatal function. For limb muscles, type 2 muscle fibers are more susceptible to lengthening contraction-induced injury than are type 1 fibers. We tested the hypothesis that, compared with single permeabilized levator veli palatini muscle fibers from normal palates of adult goats, those from cleft palates are more susceptible to lengthening contraction-induced injury. Interventions: Congenital cleft palates were the result of chemically-induced decreased movement of the fetal head and tongue causing obstruction of palatal closure. Each muscle fiber was maximally activated and lengthened. Outcome Measures: Fiber type was determined by contractile properties and gel electrophoresis. Susceptibility to injury was assessed by measuring the decrease in maximum force following the lengthening contraction, expressed as a percentage of the initial force. Results: Compared with fibers from normal palates that were all type 1 and had force deficits of 23 +/- 1%, fibers from cleft palates were all type 2 and sustained twofold greater deficits, 40 +/- 1% (p = .001). Conclusion: Levator veli palatini muscles from cleft palates of goats contain predominantly type 2 fibers that are highly susceptible to lengthening contraction-induced injury. This finding may have implications regarding palatal function and the incidence of velopharyngeal incompetence. C1 Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Inst Craniomaxillofacial Surg, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. Univ Michigan, Sect Plast Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Faulkner, JA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jafaulk@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG 13283, P30 AG013283, P01 AG015434-059003]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T90 DK070071, T90 DK-070071]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008616, T32 GM008616-06A1] NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1597/06-036.1 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA 144SV UT WOS:000244817500014 PM 17328650 ER PT J AU Strik, NI Alleman, AR Barbet, AF Sorenson, HL Wamsley, HL Gaschen, FP Luckschander, N Wong, S Chu, F Foley, JE Bjoersdorff, A Stuen, S Knowles, DP AF Strik, N. I. Alleman, A. R. Barbet, A. F. Sorenson, H. L. Wamsley, H. L. Gaschen, F. P. Luckschander, N. Wong, S. Chu, F. Foley, J. E. Bjoersdorff, A. Stuen, S. Knowles, D. P. TI Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with A-marginale SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; ANTIGENIC PROTEIN-2; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL INFECTION; AGENT; SWITZERLAND; MSP5; CATTLE AB Major surface protein 5 (Msp5) of Anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus Anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. This study analyzes the degrees of conservation of Msp5 among various isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant Msp5 (rMsp5) of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. The msp5 genes from various isolates of A. phagocytophilum were sequenced and compared. rMsp5 proteins of A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale were used separately in an indirect ELISA to detect cross-reactivity in serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagoeytophilum and cattle infected with A. marginale. Serum samples were also tested with a commercially available competitive ELISA that uses monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. There were 100% sequence identities in the msp5 genes among all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates from the United States and a horse isolate from Sweden. Sheep isolates from Norway and dog isolates from Sweden were 99% identical to one another but differed in 17 base pairs from the United States isolates and the horse isolate. Serologic cross-reactivity was identified when serum samples from cattle infected with A. marginale were reacted with rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum and when serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum were reacted with rMsp5 of A. marginale in an indirect-ELISA format. Serum samples from dogs or humans infected with A. phagocytophilum did not cross-react with rMsp5 of A. marginale when tested with the commercially available cELISA. These results suggest that rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum is highly conserved among United States and European isolates and that serologic distinction between A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale infections cannot be accomplished if rMsp5 from either organism is used in an indirect ELISA. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Kalmar, Sweden. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Sheep & Goat Res, Sandnes, Norway. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Inst, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Alleman, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, 2015 SW 16th Ave,Box 100103, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM AllemanR@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu OI Gaschen, Frederic/0000-0002-1872-0079 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1128/CVI.00320-06 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 146HJ UT WOS:000244924800009 PM 17215333 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Radosevich, TJ Stabel, JR Berger, S Griffin, JFT Paustian, ML AF Bannantine, John P. Radosevich, Thomas J. Stabel, Judith R. Berger, Sven Griffin, J. Frank T. Paustian, Michael L. TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against a major membrane protein of Mycobactetium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; 35 KDA PROTEIN; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JOHNES-DISEASE; MILK; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS AB The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35-kDa major membrane protein (NIMP) encoded by MAP2121c is an important membrane antigen recognized in cattle with Johne's disease. In this study, purified recombinant MMP was used to produce two stable monoclonal antibodies, termed 8G2 and 13E1, which were characterized by immunoblotting, epitope mapping, and immunofluorescence microscopy. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Dis Res Lab, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1128/CVI.00353-06 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 146HJ UT WOS:000244924800017 PM 17267586 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott TI Burying beetles (Coleoptera : Silphidae) in the forest canopy: The unusual case of Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARRION; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOCIETY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1649/924.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 164PK UT WOS:000246245900012 ER PT J AU Shepherd, BS Johnson, JK Silverstein, JT Parhar, IS Vijayan, MM McGuire, A Weber, GM AF Shepherd, Brian S. Johnson, Jaime K. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Parhar, Ishwar S. Vijayan, Mathilakath M. McGuire, Alison Weber, Gregory M. TI Endocrine and orexigenic actions of growth honnone secretagogues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ghrelin; growth hormone (GH); growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH); growth hormone-releasing peptide GHRP; growth hormone secretagogue (GHS); insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) ID FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HORMONE-RELEASING PEPTIDE-2; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; FACTOR-I; IGF-I; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS AB The effects of growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). To assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to GHS treatment, animals were injected with human GHRH(1-29)-amide, KP-102 or rat ghrelin at 0, 1 or 10 pmol/g body mass. Feed intake was tested at 2 and 5 h post-injection and plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), IGF-I and the IGFBPs were determined at 3, 6 and 12 h post-injection. Feed intake was significantly elevated by all of the GHSs tested at both post-injection time points. All GHSs elevated plasma GH levels in a time-dependent manner. Plasma IGF-I levels were elevated by all GHSs at 3 h post-injection, whereas those animals treated with KP-102 and ghrelin exhibited depressions at 6 h. Four IGFBPs were identified in the plasma by western blotting. Levels of the 20 kDa IGFBP decreased over the sampling time. Levels of the 32 kDa IGFBP were significantly depressed by all GHSs tested. Levels of the 42 kDa IGFBP were significantly elevated by all GHSs tested. Plasma levels of the 50 kDa IGFBP was decreased in some treatment groups at 3 h, but elevated by 6 h in the ghrelin-treated groups and elevated in all treatment groups by 12 h post-injection. The endocrine and orexigenic responses demonstrate that GHSs influence the teleost neuroendocrine system beyond short-term actions (< 3 h post-injection) on GH release and the responses of the IGFBPs to GHS treatment support this notion and clarify their identification as functional homologues to mammalian IGFBPs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Nippon Med Coll, Dept Physiol, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Shepherd, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Lakes Water Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM brians@uwm.edu NR 75 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 3 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 147VS UT WOS:000245031500013 PM 17240179 ER PT J AU Bowden, C Spargo, J Evanylo, G AF Bowden, C. Spargo, J. Evanylo, G. TI Mineralization and n fertilizer equivalent value of composts as assessed by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOIL; MANURE; NUTRIENTS; BIOSOLIDS; RECOVERY; RESIDUES; RYEGRASS AB The capability to determine nitrogen availability of composts is necessary to ensure that such materials will provide sufficient fertilization to the growing crop and cause minimal environmental degradation. A greenhouse study using tall fescue as a bioindicator was used to evaluate nitrogen availability of two biosolids composts, two mixed yard waste-poultry manure composts, and one commercially-processed poultry litter. Five inorganic nitrogen (as NH4NO3-N) treatments applied at 0, 22.5, 45, 67.7, and 90 mg N/kg soil were employed to establish an N calibration curve. Yield, fescue biomass total nitrogen (as total Kjeldahl N (TKN)), and soil TKN and KCI extractable NO3-N and NH4+-N concentrations of the organically amended treatments were compared to the inorganically fertilized treatments to determine amendment N mineralization rates and N fertilizer equivalent values (NFEV). Nitrogen mineralization rates were greatest in the poultry litter (21%) and Panorama yard waste compost (5%) amended pots. The NFEV of these amendments were 49% and 10%, respectively. Wolf Creek biosolids compost and Huck's Hen Blend yard waste compost immobilized N (-5% and 0.18%, respectively), and had percent NFEV of -0.66% and 0.19%, respectively. Rivanna biosolids compost immobilized N (-15%), but the NFEV was 30% due to the relatively high inorganic N content in the amendment. Nitrogen mineralization and NFEV were generally greater in amendments with greater total N concentrations and lower C:N values. The total N concentration and C:N values were less reliable variables in predicting N mineralization and percent NFEV when a significant portion of the total N was in the inorganic form. Nitrogen equivalency value and N mineralization for each amendment increased with time of sampling, indicating the potential for early season N insufficiency to plants fertilized with compost due to lack of synchrony between N mineralization and plant N needs. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bowden, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 174IO UT WOS:000246935800007 ER PT J AU Schwager, M Anderson, DM Butler, Z Rus, D AF Schwager, Mac Anderson, Dean M. Butler, Zack Rus, Daniela TI Robust classification of animal tracking data SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; GPS; animal tracking; adaptive sampling; sensor networks ID DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; BEHAVIOR; GPS; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; LIVESTOCK; PASTURE; RANGE AB This paper describes an application of the K-means classification algorithm to categorize animal tracking data into various classes of behavior. It was found that, even without explicit consideration of biological factors, the clustering algorithm repeatably resolved tracking data from cows into two groups corresponding to active and inactive periods. Furthermore, it is shown that this classification is robust to a large range of data sampling intervals. An adaptive data sampling algorithm is suggested for improving the efficiency of both energy and memory usage in animal tracking equipment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Distributed Robot Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Schwager, M (reprint author), MIT, Distributed Robot Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM schwager@mit.edu; deanders@nmsu.edu; zjb@cs.rit.edu; rus@csail.mit.edu RI Schwager, Mac/D-9327-2011 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2007.01.002 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 144QX UT WOS:000244812200005 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Rammer, DR Stone, DS Gilbertson, JT AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Rammer, Douglas R. Stone, Donald S. Gilbertson, James T. TI Direct current testing to measure corrosiveness of wood preservatives SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stainless steel, steel, zinc; polarisation ID BEHAVIOR AB A qualitative test that mimics the corrosion behaviour of metals in contact with treated wood without using wood specimens would be of great value in rapidly evaluating the corrosiveness of new wood preservatives. The objective of this study was to determine whether the linear polarisation resistance of metals immersed in a solution of preservative chemicals is related to corrosion of metals in wood. This technique was used to measure the corrosion rate of four types of metals in three different aqueous solutions of wood preservatives. The four metals were UNS 610180 (SAE 1018 steel). UNS 530400 (AISI 304 stainless steel), UNS S43000 (AISI 430 stainless steel), and UNS 215001 (zinc). The metals were subjected to various concentrations of alkaline copper quat (ACQ-D), ammoniacal copper citrate (CC), and chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C). It was found that the corrosion of metals in the solutions of the wood preservatives did not correlate well to what is known about the corrosion of metals in contact with wood. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1673 EP 1685 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.10.001 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153GO UT WOS:000245420400048 ER PT J AU Rubin, B Duke, SO Reinhardt, CF AF Rubin, Baruch Duke, Stephen O. Reinhardt, Carl F. TI Weed science serving humanity SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, RH Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Plant Product & Soil Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Rubin, B (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, RH Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM rubin@agri.huji.ac.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 181 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.08.016 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 136RU UT WOS:000244242600001 ER PT J AU Scursoni, JA Forcella, F Gunsolus, J AF Scursoni, Julio A. Forcella, Frank Gunsolus, Jeffrey TI Weed escapes and delayed weed emergence in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Weed Science Congress CY JUN, 2004 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA DE glyphosate; glyphosate-resistant soybean; weed seed production; emergence dynamics ID TANK-MIX COMBINATIONS; GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDES; GLUFOSINATE; MANAGEMENT; CORN AB During 2001 and 2002, field experiments were conducted in soybean crops at four Minnesota locations with the aim of studying the effects of different glyphosate treatments (one-pass glyphosate, two-pass glyphosate) on weed control and weed community composition by focusing on the identity and abundance of weeds that escaped from different treatments. In addition, seedling emergence patterns of different weeds were studied to identify the influence of delayed emergence on weed escapes. Overall, 10 species were recorded as weed escapes and Chenopodium album L. and Solanum ptycanthum Dunal were present at all locations. Late weed emergence was the main reason of weed escapes with one-pass glyphosate. C album showed a long period of emergence, thereby allowing the late-emerging cohorts to avoid contact with the herbicide. S. ptycanthum emerged late and therefore its entire seedling population escaped glyphosate treatment. These weeds showed a robust relation fecundity (seeds/m(2)) and plant ground cover. C album ground cover of 0.1% may produce around 500 seeds/m(2). (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Plant Protect, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Scursoni, JA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Plant Protect, Av San Martin 4453, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM scursoni@mail.agro.uba.ar NR 26 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.028 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 136RU UT WOS:000244242600006 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, and yield responses to glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Weed Science Congress CY JUN, 2004 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA DE nitrogen fixation; nitrogen assimilation; protein nitrogen; transgenic soybean ID BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM STRAINS; GLYCINE-MAX; HYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS; WEED-CONTROL; FIXATION; TOLERANT; SALTS; LINE AB Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] expressing a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme has provided new opportunities for weed control in soybean production. However, glyphosate is toxic to the soybean nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as its EPSPS enzyme is sensitive to glyphosate. The effects of glyphosate on symbiotic parameters, nitrogen accumulation, and yield in GR soybean under weed-free conditions were determined in a 3-yr field study during 2002-2004. Four glyphosate (0.84, 1.68, 2.52 + 2.52, and 0.84 + 0.84 kg ae/ha) treatments applied at 4 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP) soybean were compared to a no glyphosate, hand weeded (weed-free) control. In 2002 and 2003, soybean plants were harvested at 5, 6, 7, and 8 WAP, and roots assessed for nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay, ARA), root respiration, nodulation, and root biomass. Soybean seed yield, leaf and seed nitrogen content were determined in all three years. No consistent effect of glyphosate was observed on either ARA or root respiration. In 2002, both ARA and respiration were about a third of that in 2003, attributed to early-season drought in 2002. All glyphosate treatments reduced foliar nitrogen content (26-42%) in 2002. In 2003 and 2004, three and two glyphosate treatments, respectively, reduced foliar nitrogen content (8-13%), with the greatest reduction when glyphosate was applied at the highest rate. Soybean yield was reduced by 11% with two applications of 2.52 kg ae/ha glyphosate compared to hand weeded control in 2002, but seed yield was not affected in 2003 and 2004. Total seed nitrogen harvested in 2002 and 2003 was reduced by 32% and 17%, respectively, when two applications of 2.52 kg ae/ha glyphosate were applied compared to hand weeded soybean. These studies indicate that nitrogen fixation and/or assimilation in GR soybean was only slightly affected at label use rate, but was consistently reduced at above label use rates of glyphosate and the greatest reductions occurred with soil moisture stress following glyphosate application. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 31 TC 59 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.05.013 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 136RU UT WOS:000244242600027 ER PT J AU Wardyn, BM Edwards, JW Lamkey, KR AF Wardyn, Brandon M. Edwards, Jode W. Lamkey, Kendall R. TI The genetic structure of a maize population: The role of dominance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; ZEA-MAYS L; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; INBRED RELATIVES; AUTOTETRAPLOID MAIZE; SYNTHETIC VARIETIES; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; S1 LINES; 4 CYCLES; COMPONENTS AB The combined effects of dominance and inbreeding on covariances between relatives are still poorly understood in maize (Zea mays L.) populations. Our objectives were to address the following questions: (i) What is the importance of dominance in a maize synthetic? (ii) How does inbreeding affect the genetic variance among individuals in a maize synthetic. (iii) How do the covariance parameters compare between populations? (iv) How does breeding design impact estimators? We estimated covariance components for inbred relatives in the maize synthetic BSCB1(R)C13. Previous estimates of covariance parameters have been used to explain the ineffectiveness of inbred progeny selection in the stiff-stalk population BS13. We found that the dominance variance was larger than the additive variance for grain yield, whereas the additive variance was larger than the dominance variance for all other traits. Negative estimates of the covariance between additive and homozygous dominance deviations were found for all traits with the exception of traits associated with reproductive maturity, suggesting a negative relationship between inbred and outbred performance. The correlation between genotypic values and breeding values was lower for grain yield than for any other trait. Our results were similar to previous results found in the stiff-stalk maize population BS13, suggesting similarity in structure among populations. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICG, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. AgReliant Genet LLC, Gibbon, NE 68840 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICG, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode@iastate.edu RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0294 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800001 ER PT J AU Dhungana, P Eskridge, KM Baenziger, PS Campbell, BT Gill, KS Dweikat, I AF Dhungana, P. Eskridge, K. M. Baenziger, P. S. Campbell, B. T. Gill, K. S. Dweikat, I. TI Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction in wheat using a structural equation model and chromosome substitution lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; X ENVIRONMENT; GRAIN-YIELD; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; WINTER-WHEAT; ONTOGENIC APPROACH; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GREAT-PLAINS AB The presence of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) complicates selection of superior genotypes and an understanding of environmental and genotypic causes of significant GEI is important in all stages of plant breeding. We present a systematic approach for understanding GEI of complex interrelated traits by combining chromosome substitution lines that allowed us to study the effects of genes on a single chromosome with a structural equation model that approximated the complex processes involving genes, environmental conditions, and traits. We applied the approach to recombinant inbred chromosome wheat lines grown in multiple environments. The final model explained 74% of the yield GEI variation and we found that spikes per square meter (SPSM) GEI had the highest direct effect on yield GEI and that the genetic markers were mostly sensitive to temperature and precipitation during the vegetative and reproductive periods. In addition, we identified a number of direct and indirect causal relationships that described how genes interacted with environmental factors to affect GEI of several important agronomic traits which would not have been possible with previously used methods. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Florence, SC USA. RP Eskridge, KM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM keskridge1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0425 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800002 ER PT J AU Krakowsky, MD Lee, M Holland, JB AF Krakowsky, M. D. Lee, M. Holland, J. B. TI Genotypic correlation and multivariate QTL analyses for cell wall components and resistance to stalk tunneling by the European corn borer in maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; POPULATIONS; PLANT; VARIANCE; TISSUE AB Correlations between concentrations of cell wall components (CWCs) in the leaf sheath and stalk and resistance to stalk tunneling by the European corn borer (ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)] have been reported in some maize (Zea mays L.) populations. Evaluations of resistance to ECB stalk tunneling (ECB-ST) and concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) have been performed on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross of maize inbred lines B73 (susceptible to ECB-ST, low to moderate CWC concentrations) and DE811 (resistant to ECB-ST, high CWC concentrations). The objective of this study was to estimate genotypic correlations between ECB-ST and CWC concentrations and compare locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for those traits. Genotypic correlations between ECB-ST and CWCs were not significant, but clustering of QTL for ECB-ST and CWCs was observed. Negative genotypic correlations between ECB-ST and CWC concentrations were observed at some loci, and resistance to ECB-ST may be associated with a subset of the QTL observed for CWCs and ADF in particular. Resistance to ECB-ST may also be associated with starch concentration in the stalk, which could explain the detection of resistance alleles contributed by B73. Examination of temporal differences in CWC and starch concentrations, and marker-assisted transfer of select alleles, could provide more information on mechanisms of resistance to ECB-ST. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Krakowsky, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mkrakowsky@tifton.usda.gov OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0283 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800003 ER PT J AU Martin, JM Meyer, FD Morris, CF Giroux, MJ AF Martin, J. M. Meyer, F. D. Morris, C. F. Giroux, M. J. TI Pilot scale milling characteristics of transgenic isolines of a hard wheat over-expressing puroindolines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; CUMULATIVE ASH; FRIABILIN; STARCH; SOFTNESS; SEQUENCE; FLOUR; PHENOTYPE; KERNEL AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain texture is an important determinant of milling properties and end product use. Two linked genes, puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb), control most of the genetic variation in wheat grain texture. Our goal was to examine milling characteristics of transgenic isolines of the hard red spring wheat cultivar Hi-Line overexpressing Pina (HGA), Pinb (HGB), or both (HGAB), which have soft (HGAB and HGB), intermediate (HGA), and hard (Hi-Line) grain texture. A second goal was to evaluate the flour quality of the genotypes for cookies and bread. Genotypes were grown in replicated trials in two environments. Grain was milled in a Miag Multomat pilot scale flour mill which closely emulates a commercial long flow mill. Stream yield and ash and protein content were determined from 10 flour and four bran streams. Cookie and bread quality was determined from straight grade flour. Break flour yield ranged from 404 g kg(-1) for HGAB to 202 g kg(-1) for Hi-Line. Straight grade flour yield ranged from 711 g kg(-1) for HGAB to 744 g kg(-1) for Hi-Line. Cumulative ash curves showed harder textured wheats (Hi-Line and HGA) had greater ash content from break streams, but more horizontal slope than soft wheats (HGAB and HGB) for the portion of the curve describing the relationship between ash and flour extracted from the endosperm. Flours from the soft isolines, HGAB and HGB, suffered less starch damage than flour from intermediate HGA or hard Hi-Line. Flours from HGAB and HGB were best suited for cookies. All three transgenic isolines overexpressing either or both puroindolines had smaller loaves of bread than Hi-Line. Puroindolines directly impact milling properties and may indirectly affect end use properties such as cookie properties and loaf volume by modifying water hydration traits. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Martin, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jmmartin@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0342 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800005 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wu, JX Saha, S Gutierrez, O Hayes, R Stelly, DM AF Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Wu, Jixiang Saha, Sukumar Gutierrez, Osman Hayes, Russell Stelly, David M. TI Genetic effects of thirteen Gossypium barbadense L. chromosome substitution lines in topcrosses with upland cotton cultivars: II. Fiber quality traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; WHEAT; HIRSUTUM; LOCI; LOCATION; YIELD; 3A; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; DOMINANCE AB Thirteen chromosome substitution lines (CS-B) lines with individual 3-79 Gossypium barbadense L. chromosome or arms substituted into TM-1, G. hirsutum L., were crossed with five Upland cultivars and additive and dominance effects for fiber micronaire, elongation, length, and strength were measured over four environments. Additive genetic effects were considerably larger than dominance or environmental interaction effects. Fiber strength of 3-79 and FM966 were 282 and 240 kN m kg(-1), respectively. FM966 had greater additive effects for fiber length (1.13 mm) and strength (12.90 kN m kg(-1)) than any CS-B line; however, CS-B25 had the greatest additive effects (8.97 kN m kg(-1)) for strength among CS-B lines. The greatest negative additive effect for fiber length was -1.29 mm (CS-B22sh). Although several CS-B lines had negative additive effects on strength, none was more negative than TM-1 (-5.31 kN m kg(-1)). CS-B02 and CS-B25 had additive effects on strength of 2.36 and 8.97 kN m kg(-1). SG747 had the greatest negative additive effect (-12.13 kN m kg(-1)) for strength among cultivars and CS-B lines. CS-B07 and CS-B18 had negative additive effects for fiber strength but had significant and positive dominance effects with FM966. When individual CS-B lines were crossed with elite cultivars beneficial alleles for fiber properties were uncovered on specific chromosomes or chromosome arms that should aid introgression of alleles from 3-79 into Upland. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0396 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800011 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Bauer, PJ AF Campbell, B. T. Bauer, P. J. TI Genetic variation for yield and fiber quality response to supplemental irrigation within the Pee Dee upland cotton germplasm collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINT YIELD; REGISTRATION AB Water availability is a major factor influencing cotton cultivar performance and sustainable cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the southeastern USA. An increased understanding of the response of diverse cotton germplasm lines to supplemental irrigation could aid in future efforts to develop cultivars targeted to irrigated or dryland environments. In this study, 13 germplasm lines were selected from the Pee Dee (PD) germplasm collection and evaluated to measure the effect of supplemental irrigation on a number of agronomic and fiber quality traits important to cotton production systems. Most PD germplasm lines receiving supplemental irrigation had increased plant height and lint percent, while boll weight, seed index, fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index, and micronaire decreased. Cultivars PD-2 and FM-966 did not show a significant response to supplemental irrigation for any of the traits measured. In contrast, PD5377 and PD93009 showed differential responses to supplemental irrigation for 5 out of the 12 traits measured. This study shows the importance of comparing individual genotype response to supplemental irrigation for agronomic and fiber quality traits to efficiently target genotypes for irrigated or dryland environments. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0424 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800014 ER PT J AU Lorenz, AJ Scott, MP Lainkey, KR AF Lorenz, Aaron J. Scott, M. Paul Lainkey, Kendall R. TI Quantitative determination of phytate and inorganic phosphorus for maize breeding SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC-ACID; PROTEIN; SEEDS; PRODUCTS; ELEMENTS; STRAINS; GRAINS; ZINC AB Phytate is the dominant storage form of phosphorus (P) in mature cereal and oil grains. Phosphorus bound in phytate is nutritionally unavailable to monogastric animals and thus contributes to water pollution because it is excreted in the waste. Also, phytate can chelate certain minerals and exacerbate human mineral deficiencies. Our primary objective was to develop a rapid and inexpensive method of measuring phytate and inorganic P (P-i) concentrations in maize (Zea mays L.). The procedure reported herein was derived from previously published assays and used to screen 50 inbred lines to determine its potential in a selection program. Grain yield, protein, oil, methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and kernel weight were also measured. Field repeatability values for phytate and P-i (0.78 and 0.91, respectively) suggest that our protocol can be used to make heritable measurements on both traits. Phytate measurements taken with the procedure reported herein matched closely those obtained through ion exchange. The combination of adequate precision and simplicity make this method ideal for breeders interested in improving P-i and phytate levels simultaneously. The positive phytate:protein correlation reported commonly was also detected in this study. A relationship between phytate and kernel weight indicates that selection for low phytate may result in larger kernels. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lorenz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alorenz@wisc.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 600 EP 606 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0177 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800015 ER PT J AU Hooks, T Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Gaussoin, PE AF Hooks, Tisha Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Marx, David B. Gaussoin, Poch E. TI Changing the support of a spatial covariate: A simulation study SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Researchers are increasingly able to capture spatially referenced data on both a response and a covariate more frequently and in more detail. A combination of geostatisical models and analysis of covariance methods may be used to analyze such data. However, very basic questions regarding the effects of using a covariate whose support differs from that of the response variable must be addressed to utilize these methods most efficiently. In this experiment, a simulation study was conducted to assess the following: (i) the gain in efficiency when geostatistical models are used, (ii) the gain in efficiency when analysis of covariance methods are used, and (iii) the effects of including a covariate whose support differs from that of the response variable in the analysis. This study suggests that analyses which both account for spatial structure and exploit information from a covariate are most powerful. Also, the results indicate that the support of the covariate should be as close as possible to the support of the response variable to obtain the most accurate experimental results. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, NPA Grains Bioenergy & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Hooks, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM THooks@winona.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0490 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800017 ER PT J AU Gaines, T Preston, C Byrne, P Henry, WB Westra, P AF Gaines, Todd Preston, Christopher Byrne, Patrick Henry, W. Brien Westra, Philip TI Adventitious presence of herbicide resistant wheat in certified and farm-saved seed lots SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; OFF-TYPES AB Varietal purity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed production is necessary for agronomic uniformity and to enable potential market segregation. We conducted a survey of certified and farm-saved seed samples using a nontransgenic imidazolinone-resistant (IR) wheat cultivar in 2004 and 2005 in eastern Colorado. The objective was to compare varietal purity based on type of seed producer and IR wheat history. Ninety-two samples of non-IR varieties were taken from certified and farm-saved seed growers, who either produced or had never produced IR wheat. Adventitious IR seeds were detected using a seed-soaking technique in samples from each producer type and each IR production history. Levels of IR seed ranged from 0 to 11.28%. One certified sample and three farm-saved samples exceeded the 0.1% threshold for off-types in certified wheat seed. Using a two-factor analysis, farm-saved production class and positive IR history increased the estimated proportion of adventitious seed. Based on grower interviews, higher levels of adventitious seed presence were associated with volunteer plants from previous crops of the resistant cultivar and mechanical mixture during harvesting. Production practices for certified seed address these factors and may need to be strengthened if more stringent purity criteria are adopted. This information is important for risk assessment and policy development for potential commercial release of transgenic wheat varieties. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaines, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 1170 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM todd.gaines@colostate.edu RI Gaines, Todd/A-8998-2008; OI Gaines, Todd/0000-0003-1485-7665; Preston, Christopher/0000-0002-7588-124X NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0368 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800032 ER PT J AU Gulsen, O Shearman, RC Heng-Moss, TM Mutlu, N Lee, DJ Sarath, G AF Gulsen, O. Shearman, R. C. Heng-Moss, T. M. Mutlu, N. Lee, D. J. Sarath, G. TI Peroxidase gene polymorphism in buffalograss and other grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLISSUS-OCCIDUUS; DNA CONTENT; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; OXIDATION; REDUCTASE AB Plant peroxidases are a family of related proteins possessing highly conserved domains. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on these conserved domains can be used to amplify DNA sequences coding for peroxidases from plants with unsequenced genomes. Polymorphisms in peroxidase genes among buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] genotypes and eight other grasses were evaluated, and potential evolutionary relationships were deduced using this approach. Fourteen peroxidase specific primers with alternative forward and reverse primers using 34 rice peroxidase cDNAs were designed based on conserved motifs of this gene family. Targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA from 28 buffalograss, 4 C4, and 4 C3 grass genotypes yielded polymorphisms, differentiating diploids from polyploids within buffalograss and C3 and C4 grass species from each other. A total of 11 peroxidase gene fragments, 7 belonging to buffalograss and 4 to the other grass species, were sequenced. Five of these sequences were clustered with rice (Oryza sativa L.) ascorbate peroxidase known to have chloroplast origin. These results demonstrate that primers targeting the peroxidase gene family can be used to study genotypic diversity and evolutionary relationships on an intraspecific and interspecific basis. The PCR-based peroxidase markers may also have potential for linkage mapping and differential gene expression studies in grasses. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. W Mediterranean Agr Res Inst, TR-07110 Antalya, Turkey. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shearman, RC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rshearman1@unl.edu RI Heng-Moss, Tiffany/F-8200-2013; Mutlu, Nedim/B-9280-2016 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0496 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800034 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Dry matter intake and digestibility of 'Coastal', 'Tifton 44', and 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass hays grown in the US upper south SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE NUTRITIVE-VALUE; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; DIGESTION KINETICS; STEER PERFORMANCE; HARVEST FREQUENCY; QUALITY; SWITCHGRASS; SEASON; YIELD; RUMINANTS AB 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (Pers.) L.] is the major warm-season grass grown across the U.S. upper south. More recent hybrids of 'Tifton 44' (T44) and 'Tifton 85' (T85) (Cynodon sp.) offer improved nutritive value. Compared are dry matter (DM) intake and digestion of Coastal bermudagrass (CB), T44, and T85 hays grown under different soil and climate conditions and harvested at either the same or different maturities. In the comparison of CB and T44 with steers (Bos taurus L.), DM intake was greater for CB in one of three experiments, whereas intakes did not differ in the other two. Greater intake for CB was associated with greater DM digestion. In the other two experiments, T44 had greater DM digestion than did CB in one trial but did not differ in the other. Hays of CB, T44, and T85, harvested in 2 yr, were compared by means of sheep (Ovis aries L.). In Year 1, sheep consumed more CB than either T44 or T85, whereas in Year 2, no differences in intake were detected. Coastal was digested least in both experiments compared with T44 and T85, and T85 had greatest DM digestion in one of the two years. Samples of masticate of CB had the least in vitro true dry matter disappearance (IVTDMD) with T44 intermediate and T85 generally greatest. In general, animal response data showed little advantage of T44 in comparison with CB; however, Tifton 85 appears to have greater digestible fiber and offers potentially greater DM digestion and digestible intake compared with CB. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 795 EP 810 DI 10.2135/cropsci06.04.0253 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800038 ER PT J AU Monteros, MJ Missaoui, AM Phillips, DV Walker, DR Boerma, HR AF Monteros, Maria J. Missaoui, Ali M. Phillips, Daniel V. Walker, David R. Boerma, H. Roger TI Mapping and confirmation of the 'Hyuuga' red-brown lesion resistance gene for Asian soybean rust SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; YIELD; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; NEMATODE; FORREST; GLYCINE; ESSEX AB Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd., is a widespread disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with the potential to cause serious economic losses. The objective of this study was to genetically map red-brown lesion type resistance from the cultivar Hyuuga. A population of 117 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of Dillon (tan lesion) x Hyuuga (red-brown [RB] lesion) was rated for ASR lesion type in the field and inoculated with P. pachyrhizi in the greenhouse. The RB resistance gene mapped between Satt460 and Satt307 on linkage group (LG)-C2. When field severity and lesion density in the greenhouse were mapped, the Rpp?(Hyuuga) locus explained 22 and 15% of the variation, respectively (P < 0.0001). The RB lesion type was associated with lower severity, fewer lesions, and reduced sporulation when compared to the tan lesion type. A population from the cross of Benning x Hyuuga was screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the region on LG-C2 flanked by Satt134 and Satt460. Genotype at these markers was used to predict lesion type when the plants were exposed to P. pachyrhizi. All the lines selected for the Hyuuga markers in this interval had the RB lesion type and they averaged approximately 50% fewer lesions compared to lines with tan lesions. Sporulation was only detected in 6% of the RB lines compared with 100% of the tan lines. Marker-assisted selection can be used to develop soybean cultivars with the Rpp?(Hyuuga) gene for resistance to ASR. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Unit, Urbana, IL USA. RP Monteros, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mariam@uga.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 39 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.2135/cropsci06.07.0462 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800041 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Hartman, GL Nelson, RL Frederick, RD Concibido, VC Narvel, JM Cregan, PB AF Hyten, D. L. Hartman, G. L. Nelson, R. L. Frederick, R. D. Concibido, V. C. Narvel, J. M. Cregan, P. B. TI Map location of the Rpp1 locus that confers resistance to soybean rust in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; DNA MARKERS; INHERITANCE; GENOME AB Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was first discovered in North America in 2004 and has the potential to become a major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease in the USA. Currently, four SBR resistance genes have been identified but not mapped on the soybean genetic linkage map. One of these resistance genes is the Rpp1 gene, which is present in the soybean accession PI 200492. The availability of molecular markers associated with Rpp1 will permit marker-assisted selection and expedite the incorporation of this gene into U.S. cultivars. We compared simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers between 'Williams 82' and the BC5 Williams 82 isoline L85-2378, which contains the Rpp1 resistance allele from the soybean accession PI 200492, for candidate regions that might contain Rpp1. One candidate region was found with the SSR marker BARC_Sct_187 on linkage group G. A population of BC6F2:3 lines segregating for the Rpp1 resistance locus was genotyped in this region on linkage group G followed by inoculation with the P. pachyrhizi isolate India 73-1 in the USDA-ARS Biosafety Level 3 Plant Pathogen Containment Facility at Ft. Detrick, MD. The Rpp1 gene was mapped between SSR markers BARC_Sct_187 and BARC_Sat_064 on linkage group G. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 21 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 837 EP 840 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0484 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800042 ER PT J AU Chu, Y Holbrook, CC Timper, P Ozias-Akins, P AF Chu, Y. Holbrook, C. C. Timper, P. Ozias-Akins, P. TI Development of a PCR-based molecular marker to select for nematode resistance in peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; GERMPLASM LINES; BREEDING LINES; REGISTRATION; TOMATO; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; PROGENITORS AB The peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] is a significant pathogen on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nematode resistant cultivars would reduce yield losses while reducing the use of nematicides in fields where these nematodes occur. Through years of breeding effort, nematode resistance gene(s) have been introgressed into peanut cultivars from their wild relatives, Arachis spp. Molecular markers RKN440 and Z3/265, linked to the resistance gene, previously were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Unfortunately, when these markers were applied to our breeding programs, neither could give a reproducible level of correlation with the phenotype data. In this study, we modified the marker RKN440 based on more complete sequencing data and established a new nematode resistance dominant marker 197/909. This marker is reproducible and shows a high correlation with the phenotype data. It amplifies fragments from both susceptible and resistant samples, but of different molecular weights, avoiding false negative judgment caused by failed reactions with dominant markers. When we applied this marker using a cost-effective, high-throughput DNA extraction method, it remained a robust assay. Plant breeders will be able to use this new marker to hasten efforts to combine nematode resistance with other important characteristics in peanuts. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu NR 30 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0474 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800043 ER PT J AU Lockwood, DR Richards, CM Volk, GM AF Lockwood, Dale R. Richards, Christopher M. Volk, Gayle M. TI Probabilistic models for collecting genetic diversity: Comparisons, caveats, and limitations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EX-SITU CONSERVATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; STRATEGY; PLANT; GERMPLASMS; MARKERS AB Methods for collecting genetic diversity from in situ populations are important tools for plant conservation. Many quantitative collection strategies for sampling populations without a priori information regarding the ecology, reproductive biology, or population genetic structure of the taxa have been proposed, but their different assumptions regarding the collection scale and the basis for diversity often make them difficult to compare. Understanding the limitations of the different strategies enables collectors to make more informed choices when implementing conservation and restoration projects or collecting for germplasm improvement. We compare two genetically based strategies under a common set of assumptions and extend the probabilistic arguments of the strategies to accommodate rare alleles, multiple loci, and multiple populations. The recommendations of many models are based on a single locus, but larger numbers of individuals must be collected to assure with a high probability (> 0.95) the acquisition of alleles at multiple independent loci within a population. Sampling from multiple populations linked by gene flow may offset this increase. Additionally, the likelihood of capturing rare alleles remains high when sampling for multiple loci or across multiple populations. Comparison of the models provides germplasm collectors with a basis to evaluate risks of over- and undersampling to capture genetic diversity within a species. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Program Interdisciplinary Math Ecol & Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Chris.Richards@colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 861 EP 868 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0262 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800046 ER PT J AU Yan, W Rutger, JN Bryant, RJ Bockelman, HE Fjellstrom, RG Chen, MH Tai, TH McClung, AM AF Yan, WenGui Rutger, J. Neil Bryant, Rolfe J. Bockelman, Harold E. Fjellstrom, Robert G. Chen, Ming-Hsuan Tai, Thomas H. McClung, Anna M. TI Development and evaluation of a core subset of the USDA rice germplasm collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIETIES AB A valuable core collection that is a subset of a whole germplasm collection should capture most of the variation present in the whole collection, while allowing for more efficient evaluation and management due to smaller size. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice (Oryza sativa L.) core subset (RCS), assembled by stratified random sampling, consists of 1790 entries from 114 countries and represents approximately 10% of the 18412 accessions in the rice whole collection (RWC). Data for this study were obtained from the USDA germplasm system at www.ars-grin.gov for the RWC and from an evaluation conducted in 2002 for the RCS. Comparative analysis for frequency distributions of 14 descriptors demonstrated that the RCS was highly correlated with the RWC (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001). Thus, information drawn from the RCS could be effectively used to assess the RWC with 88% certainty. Correlation coefficients between the RCS and the RWC for eight descriptors were >= 0.9, indicating that the RCS was highly representative of the RWC. Correlation coefficients for the other six descriptors were lower (0.65-0.88), but still significant. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Collect, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Yan, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM wyan@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0444 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800047 ER PT J AU Oliver, RE Stack, RW Miller, JD Cai, X AF Oliver, R. E. Stack, R. W. Miller, J. D. Cai, X. TI Reaction of wild emmer wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEAT; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; DURUM-WHEAT; VAR.-DICOCCOIDES; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ALIEN GENES; RESISTANCE; LINES; REGISTRATION AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) worldwide. Host resistance has proven the most effective method of controlling FHB in common wheat (T aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes AABBDD). Progress in breeding for FHB resistance in durum wheat (T turgidum L. ssp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB), however, has been limited by a lack of resistance sources. Fortunately, durum wheat has a large number of tetraploid relatives, which represent a gene pool for improvement of FHB resistance in durum. The objective of this study was to search for sources of FHB resistance in wild emmer wheat [T turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Thell., 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB] (TDIC). We evaluated 416 accessions of wild emmer wheat for reaction to FHB using the point inoculation method in a greenhouse environment. Accessions exhibiting a low FHB disease rating in preliminary evaluations were retested in fully replicated experiments. Among the 416 accessions tested, there was wide variation in response to FHB, ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Several accessions showed minimal disease development across two or more seasons and represent potential new sources to enhance resistance of durum wheat to FHB. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crops Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cai, X (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.edu NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.08.0531 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 157QR UT WOS:000245735800050 ER PT J AU Gao, X Nelson, ME Tucker, KL AF Gao, Xiang Nelson, Miriam E. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Television viewing is associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hispanic elders SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; SEDENTARY LIFE-STYLE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; US ADULTS; OBESITY; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE - We examined associations between television viewing and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders living in Massachusetts. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 350 Puerto Rican and 105 Dominican elders ( 60 years). Information on television viewing hours was collected by a questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined by using the definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program. RESULTS - Prevalences for the metabolic syndrome were 50.1 and 56.9% among Puerto Ricans and Dominicans, respectively. Of the subjects, 82.6% had high blood pressure and 61.4% had high fasting glucose. Prevalence of the syndrome was significantly associated with television viewing. Each additional hour of television viewing was associated with a 19% greater likelihood of having the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.1-1.3, P for trend 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, education, alcohol use, smoking, household arrangement, physical activity, intake of energy and fat, and activities-of-daily-living score. We did not observe significant interactions of television viewing with sex, smoking status, alcohol use, or BMI (P for interaction > 0.15 for all) in relation to presence of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS - A high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders was associated with prolonged television viewing, independent of physical activity and energy intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causality of this relationship. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, John Hancock Ctr Phys Act & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG023394, AG10425] NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.2337/dc06-1835 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 146NM UT WOS:000244941200039 PM 17327343 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Thurow, RF Rieman, BE Dunham, JB AF Isaak, Daniel J. Thurow, Russell F. Rieman, Bruce E. Dunham, Jason B. TI Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE chinook salmon; connectivity; habitat fragmentation; habitat geometry; metapopulation; nest; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; patch; redd; sampling artifact ID UPPER FRASER-RIVER; 2 IDAHO STREAMS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; BULL TROUT; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE AB Declines in many native fish populations have led to reassessments of management goals and shifted priorities from consumptive uses to species preservation. As management has shifted, relevant environmental characteristics have evolved from traditional metrics that described local habitat quality to characterizations of habitat size and connectivity. Despite the implications this shift has for how habitats may be prioritized for conservation, it has been rare to assess the relative importance of these habitat components. We used an information - theoretic approach to select the best models from sets of logistic regressions that linked habitat quality, size, and connectivity to the occurrence of chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) nests. Spawning distributions were censused annually from 1995 to 2004, and data were complemented with field measurements that described habitat quality in 43 suitable spawning patches across a stream network that drained 1150 km(2) in central Idaho. Results indicated that the most plausible models were dominated by measures of habitat size and connectivity, whereas habitat quality was of minor importance. Connectivity was the strongest predictor of nest occurrence, but connectivity interacted with habitat size, which became relatively more important when populations were reduced. Comparison of observed nest distributions to null model predictions confirmed that the habitat size association was driven by a biological mechanism when populations were small, but this association may have been an area- related sampling artifact at higher abundances. The implications for habitat management are that the size and connectivity of existing habitat networks should be maintained whenever possible. In situations where habitat restoration is occurring, expansion of existing areas or creation of new habitats in key areas that increase connectivity may be beneficial. Information about habitat size and connectivity also could be used to strategically prioritize areas for improvement of local habitat quality, with areas not meeting minimum thresholds being deemed inappropriate for pursuit of restoration activities. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 106 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.1890/05-1949 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200006 PM 17489244 ER PT J AU Voldseth, RA Johnson, WC Gilmanov, T Guntenspergen, GR Millett, BV AF Voldseth, Richard A. Johnson, W. Carter Gilmanov, Tagir Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Millett, Bruce V. TI Model estimation of land-use effects on water levels of northern prairie wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE grassland management; grazing; landscape condition; land use; Prairie Pothole Region; prairie wetland; waterfowl management; wetland ecology; wetland hydrology; wetland modeling; wetland water budget; wetland water level ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATCH SIZE; LANDSCAPE; AREA; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; CATCHMENTS; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region exist in a matrix of grassland dominated by intensive pastoral and cultivation agriculture. Recent conservation management has emphasized the conversion of cultivated farmland and degraded pastures to intact grassland to improve upland nesting habitat. The consequences of changes in land- use cover that alter watershed processes have not been evaluated relative to their effect on the water budgets and vegetation dynamics of associated wetlands. We simulated the effect of upland agricultural practices on the water budget and vegetation of a semipermanent prairie wetland by modifying a previously published mathematical model ( WETSIM). Watershed cover/ land-use practices were categorized as unmanaged grassland ( native grass, smooth brome), managed grassland ( moderately heavily grazed, prescribed burned), cultivated crops ( row crop, small grain), and alfalfa hayland. Model simulations showed that differing rates of evapotranspiration and runoff associated with different upland plant- cover categories in the surrounding catchment produced differences in wetland water budgets and linked ecological dynamics. Wetland water levels were highest and vegetation the most dynamic under the managed- grassland simulations, while water levels were the lowest and vegetation the least dynamic under the unmanaged- grassland simulations. The modeling results suggest that unmanaged grassland, often planted for waterfowl nesting, may produce the least favorable wetland conditions for birds, especially in drier regions of the Prairie Pothole Region. These results stand as hypotheses that urgently need to be verified with empirical data. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Voldseth, RA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, NPBL 201A,Box 2140A, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM richard.voldseth@sdstate.edu NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1890/05-1195 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157TP UT WOS:000245744200019 PM 17489257 ER PT J AU Mehta, SV Haight, RG Homans, FR Polasky, S Venette, RC AF Mehta, Shefali V. Haight, Robert G. Homans, Frances R. Polasky, Stephen Venette, Robert C. TI Optimal detection and control strategies for invasive species management SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; non-native; detection; risk management ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; ERADICATION; PREVENTION; TRADE; RISK AB The increasing economic and environmental losses caused by non-native invasive species amplify the value of identifying and implementing optimal management options to prevent, detect, and control invasive species. Previous literature has focused largely on preventing introductions of invasive species and post-detection control activities; few have addressed the role of detection. By increasing resources to detect invasive species, managers may increase their chances of finding a species at a smaller population level, lessening the extent of damages and making subsequent control potentially less expensive and more effective. However, detecting new invasive species is difficult and uncertain; many factors reduce the likelihood of successful detection, such as low population densities which are prevalent in invasive species management. This paper presents a model that captures the stochastic and dynamic aspects of this trade-off by incorporating a detection stage in which the agency managers choose search effort prior to the post-detection control stage. The analysis of the model illustrates that the optimal detection strategy depends primarily on the 'detectability', or ease of detection, and the biological relationships of each distinct species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Mehta, SV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 1994 Buford Ave,Classroom Off Bldg,231, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM meht0038@umn.edu NR 27 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 11 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.10.024 PG 9 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 153DY UT WOS:000245413100005 ER PT J AU Ploeg, MV Mancino, L Lin, BH Wang, CY AF Ploeg, Michele Ver Mancino, Lisa Lin, Biing-Hwan Wang, Chia-Yih TI The vanishing weight gap: Trends in obesity among adult food stamp participants (US) (1976-2002) SO ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE obesity; US Food Stamp Program; BMI; weight ID PROGRAM PARTICIPATION; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; INSECURITY; CYCLES; WOMEN AB High rates of obesity among low-income populations have led some to question whether USDA's food assistance programs have contributed to this health problem. Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), this study shows that the association between food assistance program participation and body weight measures has weakened over the past three decades. Earlier NHANES data show that program participants were more likely to be overweight than individuals who were eligible but not participating in the program. This was particularly true among white women. However, the more recent data show that these differences have vanished, as the BMI of the rest of the population has caught up to BMI levels of food stamps recipients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ploeg, MV (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room N2165, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM sverploeg@ers.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-677X J9 ECON HUM BIOL JI Econ. Hum. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.10.002 PG 17 WC Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Business & Economics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 151VQ UT WOS:000245319300002 ER PT J AU Noormets, A Chen, J Crow, TR AF Noormets, Asko Chen, Jiquan Crow, Thomas R. TI Age-dependent changes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in managed forests in northern wisconsin, USA SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; forest age; gross ecosystem production (GEP); managed forests; net ecosystem exchange (NEE); respiration; stand-replacing disturbance ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; BOREAL FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; SONIC ANEMOMETER; ENERGY FLUXES; STAND AGE; LANDSCAPE; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB The age-dependent variability of ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes was assessed by measuring the net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) in five managed forest stands in northern Wisconsin, USA. The study sites ranged in age from 3-year-old clearcut to mature stands (65 years). All stands, except the clearcut, accumulated C over the study period from May to October 2002. Seasonal NEE estimates were -655 +/- 17.5 g C m(-2) in the mature hardwood (MHW), -648 +/- 16.8 in the mature red pine (MRP), -195 +/- 15.6 in the pine barrens (PB), +128 +/- 17.1 in the young hardwood clearcut (YHW), and -313 +/- 14.6 in the young red pine (YRP). The age-dependent differences were similar in the hardwood and conifer forests. Even though PB was not part of either the hardwood or conifer chronosequence, and had a different disturbance agent, it still fits the same general age relationship. Higher ecosystem respiration (ER) in the young than in the mature stands was the combined result of earlier soil warming in spring, and higher temperature and greater biological activity in summer, as indicated by temperature-normalized respiration rates. The fire-generated PB had lower ER than the harvest-generated YHW and YRP, where high ER was sustained partly on account of logging residue. During the main growing season, the equivalent of 31 (MHW), 48 (MRP), 68 (PB), 114 (YHW) and 71% (YRP) of daily gross ecosystem production (GEP) was released in ER during the same day. The lower ER:GEP ratio in the mature stands was driven by greater age-dependent changes in ER than GEP. The magnitude of the increase in ER:GEP ratio in spring and fall was interpreted as the extent of the decoupling of ER and GEP. Decoupling (sustained high ER despite decreasing GEP) was observed in YHW, PB and MHW, whereas in coniferous stands (MRP and YRP) the stable ER:GEP ratio suggested preferential use of new photosynthates in ER. The results indicate that a great part of the variation in landscape-level C fluxes can be accounted for by mean stand age and associated parameters, which highlights the need to consider this source of heterogeneity in regional C balance estimates. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA Forest Serv, WFWAR, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Noormets, A (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM anoorme@ncsu.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 44 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9018-y PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191ML UT WOS:000248135200001 ER PT J AU Powell, SL Hansen, AJ AF Powell, Scott L. Hansen, Andrew J. TI Conifer cover increase in the greater yellowstone ecosystem: Frequency, rates, and spatial variation SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE yellowstone; conifer expansion; biophysical factors; forest dynamics; conifer cover; aerial photos ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; NATIONAL-PARK; LAND-USE; SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; CLIMATE CHANGE; CENTRAL OREGON; FIRE; INVASION; FORESTS; PINE AB Extensive fires in recent decades in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) garnered much attention for causing a significant decrease in the extent of conifer forest cover. Meanwhile, conifer forests in unburned parts of the GYE have continued to increase in extent and density. Conifer cover increase has been well documented by repeat historical photography, but the average rate of increase and the spatial variation remain unquantified. We examined changes in conifer cover across biophysical gradients in the GYE based on stratified random samples from aerial photographs. The percent conifer cover for samples in 1971 and 1999 was quantified to determine the frequency and rate of conifer cover change. A slight majority of samples (56%) showed no change, whereas increases (22%) were balanced by decreases (22%). However, among samples that were not recently burned or logged, or already closed-canopy, nearly 40% increased in conifer cover, at an average annual rate of 0.22%. We quantified significant variability in the frequency and rate of conifer cover increase across gradients of elevation, aspect, vegetation type, and proximity to nearby conifer forest. The most dynamic locations were low density conifer woodlands on northerly aspects at lower elevations, with average annual rates of increase up to 0.51%. This study is significant because it demonstrates that rates of conifer cover increase vary across biophysical gradients, an important consideration for management of dynamic forest ecosystems. Improved understanding of this variability helps us to better understand what factors ultimately cause conifer cover increase. It is also a critical step towards accurate quantification of the magnitude of carbon uptake by conifer cover increase. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Powell, SL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM scottpowell@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 204 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9023-1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191ML UT WOS:000248135200002 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Rosenberger, AE Luce, CH Rieman, BE AF Dunham, Jason B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Luce, Charlie H. Rieman, Bruce E. TI Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE stream temperature; stream heating; solar radiation; stream shading; wildfire; debris flows; disturbance; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Ascaphus montanus ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; REDBAND TROUT; WESTERN USA; DEBRIS FLOW; CLEAR-CUT AB Wildfire can influence a variety of stream ecosystem properties. We studied stream temperatures in relation to wildfire in small streams in the Boise River Basin, located in central Idaho, USA. To examine the spatio-temporal aspects of temperature in relation to wildfire, we employed three approaches: a pre-post fire comparison of temperatures between two sites (one from a burned stream and one unburned) over 13 years, a short-term (3 year) pre-post fire comparison of a burned and unburned stream with spatially extensive data, and a short-term (1 year) comparative study of spatial variability in temperatures using a "space for time" substitutive design across 90 sites in nine streams (retrospective comparative study). The latter design included streams with a history of stand-replacing wildfire and streams with severe post-fire reorganization of channels due to debris flows and flooding. Results from these three studies indicated that summer maximum water temperatures can remain significantly elevated for at least a decade following wildfire, particularly in streams with severe channel reorganization. In the retrospective comparative study we investigated occurrence of native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and tailed frog larvae (Ascaphus montanus) in relation to maximum stream temperatures during summer. Both occurred in nearly every site sampled, but tailed frog larvae were found in much warmer water than previously reported in the field (26.6 degrees C maximum summer temperature). Our results show that physical stream habitats can remain altered (for example, increased temperature) for many years following wildfire, but that native aquatic vertebrates can be resilient. In a management context, this suggests wildfire may be less of a threat to native species than human influences that alter the capacity of stream-living vertebrates to persist in the face of natural disturbance. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Idaho, Idaho Water Ctr, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Dept Civil Engn,Coll Engn, Boise, ID 83712 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jdunham@usgs.gov RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9029-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191ML UT WOS:000248135200012 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Anderson, WF Phillips, JG AF Boateng, A. A. Anderson, W. F. Phillips, J. G. TI Bermudagrass for biofuels: Effect of two genotypes on pyrolysis product yield SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN AB Bermudagrass is a perennial grass used as forage for livestock and harvested as hay on 10-15 million acres in the southern United States. It has potential as an energy crop for the production of biofuels through the lignocellulosic conversion program. Coastal was released in 1943 and was the primary forage genotype until the development of Tifton 85 which has greater yield and quality for ruminants. Pyrolysis of these two genotypes harvested at the same maturity and separated into leaf and stem was carried out to establish their effect on the yield of pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis was carried out in an analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography system at 500, 700, and 900 degrees C temperatures. The noncondensable gas yielded, comprising CO, CO2, H-2, and low molecular weight hydrocarbons, was estimated between 10 and 12.5 wt %. The char yielded ranged between 5.5 and 16 wt % with remainder, comprising condensable aerosols that constitute bio-oils when condensed, was 73-82 wt % estimated as the difference between the biomass and the produced gas and char. Statistical analysis of variance showed no significant difference between pyrolysis products due to genotype or whether the sample was leaf or stem. However, there was a strong significant effect of pyrolysis temperature on the product yields with the maximum gas yield and minimum char yield occurring at 900 degrees C. The calorific value of the gas reached 2300-2500 kcal/kg for both genotypes, about 20-25% of the heating value of natural gas. The study helps to ascertain that when harvested at the same maturity, the effect of bermudagrass genotype and plant part on pyrolysis gas and char yields may not be significant during thermochemical conversion. However, the condensable liquids were not analyzed. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Akwasi.Boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 1183 EP 1187 DI 10.1021/ef0604590 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 147YH UT WOS:000245041200109 ER PT J AU Takasu, K Rains, GC Lewis, WJ AF Takasu, Keiji Rains, Glen C. Lewis, W. Joe TI Comparison of detection ability of learned odors between males and females in the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Braconidae; learning; food searching; methyl benzoate; 3-octanone; cyclohexanone ID CHEMICAL-DETECTION; HOST; HYMENOPTERA; FOOD; BRACONIDAE; WASP; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LOCATION; BEHAVIOR; NEEDS AB Although female parasitic wasps are known to learn to associate odors with hosts and food, the ability of males to learn and detect odors has been neglected. We conducted laboratory experiments to compare the detection ability of learned odors between males and females in the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We first conditioned males and females to associate sucrose water with methyl benzoate, 3-octanone, or cyclohexanone, and then observed their behavior toward various concentrations (40 ng l(-1)-4 mg l(-1)) of the trained odors. Conditioned male wasps responded as well as female wasps to various concentrations of the three odors. Response times by wasps to these three odors were not significantly different between sexes. For the three odors, response times of both sexes were longer at the intermediate concentrations (40-400 mu g l(-1)) than the higher or lower concentrations. The present study suggests that M. croceipes males can learn and respond to the three chemicals tested as well as the females, and conditioned males are as sensitive to learned odors as conditioned females. By using their sensitive learning and odor-detection capabilities, M. croceipes males could search for food sources as efficiently as females under natural conditions. C1 Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Takasu, K (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM takasu@brs.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00511.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 136MK UT WOS:000244227700006 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Seasonal status and survival of Calosoma sayi (Coleoptera : Carabidae) in South Georgia, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, SGIRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM orreyy@netzero.net NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 118 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[203:SSASOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 180JS UT WOS:000247359800015 ER PT J AU Balouet, JC Oudijk, G Smith, KT Petrisor, L Grudd, H Stocklassa, B AF Balouet, Jean-Christophe Oudijk, Gil Smith, Kevin T. Petrisor, Loana Grudd, Hakan Stocklassa, Bengt TI Applied dendroecology and environmental forensics. Characterizing and age dating environmental releases: Fundamentals and case studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE dendroecology; dendrochemistry; environmental forensics; Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence; EDXRF; age-dating; contaminant; tree-ring analysis ID TREE-RINGS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER; CHLORINE; REMOVAL; SYSTEM; SOILS AB Dendroecology, or the use of ring patterns to assess the age of trees and environmental factors controlling their growth, is a well-developed method in climatologic studies. This method holds great potential as a forensic tool for age dating, contamination assessment, and characterization of releases. Moreover, the method is independent of the physical presence of contamination at the time of sampling because it is focused on the effect rather than the cause. This review is one of the very few articles published to date exploring the forensic applicability of dendroecology. This article is organized in two parts: Part I describes the method principles and proposes a practical procedure for forensic applications; Part II exemplifies and validates the method through six case studies of successful forensic application (related to petroleum products and chlorinated solvent spills). C1 Environm Int, Orrouy, France. Triassic Technol, Hopewell, NJ USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NC USA. Haley & Aldrich, San Diego, CA USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Analyt Syst, Molndal, Sweden. RP Balouet, JC (reprint author), Environm Int, Orrouy, France. EM jcbalouet@aol.com RI Grudd, Hakan/G-7952-2012 OI Grudd, Hakan/0000-0002-9033-2505 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 EI 1527-5930 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR-JUN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1080/15275920601180487 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152JJ UT WOS:000245358000001 ER PT J AU Firincioglu, HK Seefeldt, SS Sahin, B AF Firincioglu, Huseyin K. Seefeldt, Steven S. Sahin, Bilal TI The effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; diversity; exclosure; grazing; modified-Whittaker plots; Steppe rangelands; Central Anatolia ID VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; GRASSLANDS; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITY; THRESHOLDS; PROTECTION; MANAGEMENT; VIEWPOINT AB Over the last fifty years, almost half of the steppe rangeland in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey (CAR) has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. This shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. A study was initiated in June 2003 using 6 multiscale Modified-Whittaker plots to determine differences in plant composition between areas that have not been grazed in 27 years with neighboring grazed plant communities. A total of 113 plant species were identified in the study area with the ungrazed plots containing 32 plants more than the grazed plots. The major species were Astragalus acicularis, Bromus tomentellus, Festuca valesiaca, Genista albida, Globularia orientalis, Poa bulbosa, and Thymus spyleus ssp rosulans. Grazing impacts on forbs were more pronounced than for grasses and shrubs. Based on Jaccard's index, there was only a 37% similarity of plant species between the two treatments. Our study led to four generalizations about the current grazing regime and long-term exclosures in the steppe rangeland around the study area: (1) exclosures will increase species richness, (2) heavy grazing may have removed some plant species, (3) complete protection from grazing for a prolonged period of time after a long history of grazing disturbance may not lead to an increase in desirable plant species with a concomitant improvement in range condition, and (4) research needs to be conducted to determine how these rangelands can be improved. C1 Cent Res Inst Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey. USDA ARS, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, SubArctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Gazi Univ, Dept Biol, Ankara, Turkey. RP Firincioglu, HK (reprint author), Cent Res Inst Field Crops, POB 226, Ankara, Turkey. EM huseyin@tr.net NR 54 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0392-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137LO UT WOS:000244294300004 PM 17203339 ER PT J AU Davenport, MA Leahy, JE Anderson, DH Jakes, PJ AF Davenport, Mae A. Leahy, Jessica E. Anderson, Dorothy H. Jakes, Pamela J. TI Building trust in natural resource management within local communities: A case study of the Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE trust; natural resource management; public involvement; collaboration ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; DECISION-MAKING; PROCEDURAL JUSTICE; SOCIAL TRUST; PLACE; PERCEPTIONS; INVOLVEMENT; STRATEGIES; KNOWLEDGE; DISTRUST AB Communities neighboring federally protected natural areas regularly weigh the costs and benefits of the administering agency's programs and policies. While most agencies integrate public opinion into decision making, efforts to standardize and formalize public involvement have left many local communities feeling marginalized, spurring acrimony and opposition. A significant body of research has examined barriers to effective public participation as well as strategies for relationship building in planning processes; many of which point to trust as a key factor. Trust is especially tenuous in local communities. This paper explores perceptions of trust, expectations for management, as well as constraints to building trust. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 community members and USDA Forest Service personnel at the Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie in northeastern Illinois. The interviews revealed that trust is perceived as important to effective management. Distinct expectations for management outcomes and processes emerged, including the values, knowledge, and capacity demonstrated in management decisions and actions and opportunities provided for communication, collaboration, and cooperation within the agency-community relationship. The case study identified several constraints to building trust, including competing values, knowledge gaps, limited community engagement, and staff turnover. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Management, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Davenport, MA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Mailcode 4411,1205 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mdaven@siu.edu NR 39 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0016-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137LO UT WOS:000244294300006 PM 17253093 ER PT J AU Miller, SN Semmens, DJ Goodrich, DC Hernandez, M Miller, RC Kepner, WG Guertin, DP AF Miller, Scott N. Semmens, Darius J. Goodrich, David C. Hernandez, Mariano Miller, Ryan C. Kepner, William G. Guertin, D. Phillip TI The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE hydrologic modeling; geographic information systems; KINEROS; SWAT; change analysis; scenario development ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SWAT MODEL; LAND-COVER; RUNOFF; SCALE; GIS; VARIABILITY; SOIL AB A toolkit for distributed hydrologic modeling at multiple scales using two independent models within a geographic information system is presented. This open-source, freely available software was developed through a collaborative endeavor involving two Universities and two government agencies. Called the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool (AGWA), this software is written for the ArcView GIS platform and is distributed as an extension via the Internet. AGWA uses commonly available GIS data layers to fully parameterize, execute, and visualize results from both the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Kinematic Runoff and Erosion model (KINEROS2). These two distributed hydrologic models operate at different time scales and are suitable for application across a range of spatial scales. Descriptions of the GIS framework, hydrologic models, spatial analyses and algorithms that control the modeling process are given. Model requirements, limitations on the model applications and calibration techniques are described with examples of the use of AGWA for watershed modeling and assessment at a range of scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. CH2MHill, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354,1000 E Univ Dr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM snmiller@uwyo.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.12.004 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116AG UT WOS:000242774300011 ER PT J AU Kahl, JS Nelson, SJ Fernandez, I Haines, T Norton, S Wiersma, GB Jacobson, G Amirbahman, A Johnson, K Schauffler, M Rustad, L Tonnessen, K Lent, R Bank, M Elvir, J Eckhoff, J Caron, H Ruck, P Parker, J Campbell, J Manski, D Breen, R Sheehan, K Grygo, A AF Kahl, J. S. Nelson, S. J. Fernandez, I. Haines, T. Norton, S. Wiersma, G. B. Jacobson, G., Jr. Amirbahman, A. Johnson, K. Schauffler, M. Rustad, L. Tonnessen, K. Lent, R. Bank, M. Elvir, J. Eckhoff, J. Caron, H. Ruck, P. Parker, J. Campbell, J. Manski, D. Breen, R. Sheehan, K. Grygo, A. TI Watershed nitrogen and mercury geochemical fluxes integrate landscape factors in long-term research watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed science; hydrology; mass balances; mercury; acidic deposition; nitrogen; forest health; paleoecology; forest fire; Acadia National Park ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; 2-LINED SALAMANDERS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ENGLAND; STREAMS; ACIDIFICATION; THROUGHFALL AB This paper is an overview of this special issue devoted to watershed research in Acadia National Park (Acadia NP). The papers address components of an integrated research program on two upland watersheds at Acadia NP, USA (44 degrees 20' N latitude; 68 degrees 15' E longitude). These watersheds were instrumented in 1998 to provide a long-term foundation for regional ecological and watershed research. The research was initiated as part of EPA/NPS PRIMENet (Park Research and Intensive Monitoring of Ecosystems Network), a system of UV-monitoring stations and long-term watershed research sites located in US national parks. The initial goals at Acadia NP were to address research questions about mercury, acid rain, and nitrogen saturation developed from prior research. The project design was based on natural differences in forests and soils induced by an intense wildfire in one watershed in 1947. There is no evidence of fire in the reference watershed for several hundred years. We are testing hypotheses about controls on surface water chemistry, and bioavailability of contaminants in the contrasting watersheds. The unburned 47-ha Hadlock Brook watershed is 70% spruce-fir mature conifer forest. In contrast, burned 32-ha Cadillac Brook watershed, 4 km northeast of the Hadlock watershed, is 20% regenerating mixed northern hardwoods and 60% shrub/rocky balds. Differences in atmospheric deposition are controlled primarily by forest stand composition and age. The watersheds are gauged and have water chemistry stations at 122 m (Cadillac) and 137 m (Hadlock); watershed maximum elevations are 468 and 380 m, respectively. The stream water chemistry patterns reflect, in part, the legacy of the intense fire, which, in turn, controls differences in forest vegetation and soil characteristics. These factors result in higher nitrogen and mercury flux from the unburned watershed, reflecting differences in atmospheric deposition, contrasting ecosystem pools of nitrogen and mercury, and inferred differences in internal cycling and bioavailabilty. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Augusta, ME USA. Acadia Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Bar Harbor, ME USA. RP Kahl, JS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. EM jskahl@plymouth.edu OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9328-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138AV UT WOS:000244335800002 PM 17180436 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Geiser, L Bachman, R Blubaugh, TJ Bytnerowicz, A AF Fenn, M. E. Geiser, L. Bachman, R. Blubaugh, T. J. Bytnerowicz, A. TI Atmospheric deposition inputs and effects on lichen chemistry and indicator species in the Columbia River Gorge, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ammonium; nitrate; sulfate; Pacific Northwest; passive sampler; IMPROVE; NADP ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; THROUGHFALL; CALIFORNIA; SATURATION; EXCHANGE; POLLUTION AB Topographic and meteorological conditions make the Columbia River Gorge (CRG) an 'exhaust pipe' for air pollutants generated by the Portland-Vancouver metropolis and Columbia Basin. We sampled fog, bulk precipitation, throughfall, airborne particulates, lichen thalli, and nitrophytic lichen distribution. Throughfall N and S deposition were high, 11.5-25.4 and 3.4-6.7 kg ha(-1) over 4.5 months at all 9 and 4/9 sites, respectively. Deposition and lichen thallus N were highest at eastern- and western-most sites, implicating both agricultural and urban sources. Fog and precipitation pH were frequently as low as 3.7-5.0. Peak NOx, NH3, and SO2 concentrations in the eastern CRG were low, suggesting enhanced N and S inputs were largely from particulate deposition. Lichens indicating nitrogen-enriched environments were abundant and lichen N and S concentrations were 2 x higher in the CRG than surrounding national forests. The atmospheric deposition levels detected likely threaten Gorge ecosystems and cultural resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Off, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.024 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141RA UT WOS:000244595200010 PM 16904250 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Holland, MM Moore, MT Cooper, CM AF Kroeger, R. Holland, M. M. Moore, M. T. Cooper, C. M. TI Plant senescence: A mechanism for nutrient release in temperate agricultural wetlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; wetlands; assimilation; drainage ditch; Leersia oryzoides ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; REMOVAL PROCESSES; STANDING LITTER; USE EFFICIENCY; WASTE-WATER; DECOMPOSITION; MACROPHYTES; RETENTION; PHOSPHATE AB The beneficial uptake of nutrients by wetland plants is countered to some extent by nutrient release back into the aquatic environment due to vegetative die-back. This current study examined whether Leersia oryzoides, a common wetland plant, exhibits luxury uptake of nutrients from simulated farm runoff. The study also tested whether with subsequent decomposition, these nutrients are released back into the water column. When exposed to elevated (> 2 mg/L N and P) runoff, L. oryzoides assimilated significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen (p < 0.001) and phosphorus (p < 0.001) in above-ground biomass as compared to non-enriched treatments (< 0.05 mg/L N and P). Subsequently, senescence of enriched above-ground biomass yielded significantly higher concentrations of phosphorus (2.19 +/- 0.84 mg P/L). Using L. oryzoides as our model, this study demonstrates nitrogen and phosphorus sequestration during the growing season and release of phosphorus in the winter. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, 220 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kroger@olemiss.edu NR 32 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141RA UT WOS:000244595200014 PM 16905226 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Dashiell, KE Lundgren, JG AF Hesler, Louis S. Dashiell, Kenton E. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Characterization of resistance to Aphis glycines in soybean accessions SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE antibiosis; antixenosis; Aphis glycines; host-plant resistance; PI 230977 ID SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; APHIDIDAE; GERMPLASM; HOMOPTERA; REGISTRATION; VIRUSES AB The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)] in Asia, and its recent establishment in North America has led to large, recurring outbreaks that have challenged pest management practitioners there to seek environmentally responsible means for its control. Growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine and characterize host-plant resistance among several soybean accessions. Soybean plants were first screened for resistance by rating the population growth of A. glycines in two tests. All plants of PI 230977 and 25% of PI 71506 plants were resistant (<= 100 aphids per plant) in the first screening test. All 'Dowling', PI 71506 and PI 230977 were resistant (<= 150 aphids per plant), and 50% of plants of line 'G93-9223' were resistant in the second test. Follow-up experiments showed that antixenosis was a modality of resistance based on reduced nymphiposition by A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977 and PI 71506 in no-choice tests and on fewer numbers of A. glycines on Dowling, PI 230977, PI 71506 and G93-5223 in distribution tests. Antixenosis in Dowling and PI 230977 was stronger in the unifoliolate leaves than in other shoot structures, whereas distribution of A. glycines within plants of PI 71506 and G93-5223 suggested comparable suitability between unifoliolate leaves and other shoot structures of these accessions. Antibiosis to A. glycines was evident as a lower proportion of aphids that reproduced on PI 230977 and from fewer progeny on PI 230977 and Dowling than on 91B91. The number of days from birth to reproduction by A. glycines did not differ among accessions. Results confirmed Dowling and PI 71506 as strong sources of resistance to A. glycines. The levels of antixenosis and antibiosis to A. glycines in PI 230977 and antixenosis to A. glycines in G93-9223 suggest that these accessions may also be valuable to soybean breeding programs as sources of resistance. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM lhesler@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9273-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 135ZH UT WOS:000244191900010 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Erhan, SZ AF Moser, Bryan R. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Preparation and evaluation of a series of alpha-hydroxy ethers from 9,10-epoxystearates SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; cloud point; epoxidation; alpha-hydroxy ethers; pour point ID ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; VEGETABLE-OILS; METHYL-ESTERS; BIODIESEL AB Several novel a-hydroxy ethers were prepared by treatment of isobutyl 9,10-epoxystearate with a number of aliphatic alcohols in the presence of acid catalyst in good overall yield from oleic acid. The low-temperature behavior of each material was analyzed through cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP) determination. The most desirable alpha-hydroxy ether prepared in this study was isobutyl 9(10)-(2 -ethylhexoxy)- 10(9)hydroxystearate. Therefore, additional alpha-hydroxy-2-ethyl hexyl ethers were produced from alkyl 9,10-epoxystearates (alkyl: butyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2ethylhexyl) to explore the effect of ester variability on CP and PP of the optimized 2-ethylhexyl ether moiety. The most bulky ester group, 2-ethylhexyl, exhibited the most favorable low-temperature performance, which in the case of 2-ethylhexyl 9(10)-(2ethylhexoxyl)- 10(9)-hydroxystearate yielded a CP of -26 degrees C and a PP of -29 degrees C. An improved synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl 9(10)-(2-ethylhexoxy)-10(9)-hydroxystearate was then developed from oleic acid. Lastly, in an effort to optimize yield, sulfuric acid at 10 mol-% was found to be the most effective acid catalyst in the conversion of epoxides to alpha-hydroxy ethers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM moserbr@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200600257 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 150FH UT WOS:000245200500004 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Nunez, A Lin, WB Foglia, TA AF Ngo, Helen L. Nunez, Alberto Lin, Wenbin Foglia, Thomas A. TI Zeolite-catalyzed isomerization of oleic acid to branched-chain isomers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE branched-chain fatty acids; dimer acids; ferrierites; isostearic acid; zeolite ID FATTY-ACIDS; PRODUCTS AB Branched-chain (bc) saturated fatty acids (SFA) have potential as oleochemical intermediates since they have better oxidative stability than linear unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and have better low-temperature properties than linear SFA. Previous studies in converting UFA to bc-FA using clay catalysts have resulted in only modest yields and conversions. Recent reports, however, have suggested that certain zeolites can be effective catalysts for converting UFA to bc-FA in higher yields and conversions. In this work, we examined the scope and potential of the zeolite-catalyzed synthesis of bc-FA starting from readily available monounsaturated linear FA. Our results show that common UFA such as oleic acid can be converted to bc-isomers using modified Ferrierite zeolite catalysts with high conversions (98%) and high selectivity (85%) and that the zeolite catalysts are reusable for at least three cycles. The positions of branching (methyl) on the FA chain were determined from the GC-MS spectra of the picolinyl esters of the bc-FA. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Ngo, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov RI Lin, Wenbin/B-4151-2010 OI Lin, Wenbin/0000-0001-7035-7759 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200600246 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 150FH UT WOS:000245200500005 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Cantrell, CL Klun, JA Kramer, M AF Carroll, John F. Cantrell, Charles L. Klun, Jerome A. Kramer, Matthew TI Repellency of two terpenoid compounds isolated from Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae) against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE American beautyberry; blacklegged tick; lone star tick; deet; SS220 ID PERSONAL PROTECTION; IXODIDAE; ACARI; DEET; PERMETHRIN; EFFICACY; VECTOR; SKIN AB Callicarpenal (13, 14, 15, 16-tetranor-3-cleroden-12-al) and intermedeol [(4S,5S,7R,10S)-eudesm-11-en-4-ol], isolated from American beautyberry, Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae), were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for repellent activity against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. A strip of organdy cloth treated with test solution was doubly wrapped (treatment on outer layer) around the middle phalanx of a forefinger and ticks released on the fingertip. Callicarpenal and intermedeol, at 155 nmole/cm(2) cloth repelled 98 and 96% of I. scapularis nymphs, respectively. Dose response tests with I. scapularis nymphs showed no difference in repellency among callicarpenal, intermedeol and Deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), however, SS220 ((1S,2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide) was significantly more repellent than the other compounds. Callicarpenal, at 155 nmole/cm(2) cloth, repelled 100 and 53.3% of I. scapularis nymphs at 3 and 4 h, respectively, after the cloth was treated, whereas intermedeol repelled 72.5% of I. scapularis nymphs 3 h after treatment. In comparison with the results obtained with I. scapularis, callicarpenal, intermedeol, Deet and SS220 were less effective against A. americanum. Only intermedeol and SS220 repelled significantly more A. americanum than ethanol controls at 155 nmole compound/cm(2) cloth. At 1,240 nmole/cm(2) cloth, callicarpenal and intermedeol repelled 20 and 40% of A. americanum nymphs. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biomet Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s10493-007-9057-2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 149FM UT WOS:000245132500006 PM 17380408 ER PT J AU Klurfeld, DM Story, JA AF Klurfeld, David M. Story, Jon A. TI David Kritchevsky, Ph.D. - A tribute SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Klurfeld, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, GWCC 4-2180,5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.klurfeld@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 232 IS 3 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 156NQ UT WOS:000245656600001 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Connor, SL Wang, W Johnson, EJ Connor, WE AF Wang, Yingming Connor, Sonja L. Wang, Wei Johnson, Elizabeth J. Connor, William E. TI The selective retention of lutein, meso-zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin in the retina of chicks fed a xanthophyll-free diet SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE egg yolk; depletion time of lutein and zeaxanthin ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; PALE-BIRD SYNDROME; NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; PRIMATE RETINAS; VISUAL PIGMENTS; OIL DROPLETS; CAROTENOIDS; SERUM AB Lutein and zeaxanthin are pigmented oxygenated carotenoids, or xanthophylls, derived from plants and concentrated in the retina of primates and birds. We investigated the transport, distribution and depletion of lutein and zeaxanthin in the plasma and tissues of newly hatched chicks fed xanthophyll-free diets. One-day-old Leghorn chicks were randomly divided into two groups. A control group was fed a diet containing lutein and zeaxanthin (5.2 and 1.7 mg/kg diet, respectively) for 28 days. An experimental group was fed a diet containing no lutein and zeaxanthin for 28 days. Plasma and tissues were analyzed for lutein and zeaxanthin at 28 days (control) and on days 1, 14 and 28 (experimental). At hatching, lutein and zeaxanthin were the predominant carotenoids present in the blood and tissues. As indicated by their similar mass contents, there was complete transfer of these carotenoids from egg yolk to chick. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the plasma and tissues of chicks fed the xanthophyll-free diet decreased rapidly to almost zero (with a depletion time of seven days [t(1/2)]). In contrast, the retina retained its initial concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin similar to the control group. meso-Zeaxanthin and cis-zeaxanthin were identified only in the retina. The retina concentrated zeaxanthin over lutein. Lutein and zeaxanthin were selectively retained in the retinas of chicks fed a xanthophyll-free diet. In contrast, the plasma and other tissues lost up to 90% of their original content of xanthophylls. These data emphasize the relative stability of lutein and zeaxanthin in the cone-rich retina where they are present as esters in oil droplets. The tissue depletion suggests the need for a regular dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin because of rapid depletion in the body. It is clear that these xanthophylls may have an essential role in the cone-rich retina of the chick as evidenced by their selective retention. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Clin Nutr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Connor, WE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Clin Nutr, L465, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM connorw@ohsu.edu NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2006.11.013 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 144KG UT WOS:000244794300023 PM 17227674 ER PT J AU Alkharouf, NW Klink, VP Matthews, BF AF Alkharouf, Nadini W. Klink, Vincent P. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI Identification of Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) cDNA sequences with high identity to those of Caenorhabditis elegans having lethal mutant or RNAi phenotypes SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; lethal phenotype; mutant; expressed sequence tags; bioinformatics; RNAi; data mining; plant; pathogen; nematode ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; GENETIC INTERFERENCE; GENOME SEQUENCE; DATABASES; INGESTION; POTENT; TOOL AB The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) is a devastating obligate parasite of Glycine max (soybean) causing one billion dollars in losses to the US economy per year and over ten billion dollars in losses worldwide. While much is understood about the pathology of H. glycines, its genome sequence is not well characterized or fully sequenced. We sought to create bioinformatic tools to mine the H. glycines nucleotide database. One way is to use a comparative genomics approach by anchoring our analysis with an organism, like the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Unlike H. glycines, the C. elegans genome is fully sequenced and is well characterized with a number of lethal genes identified through experimental methods. We compared an EST database of H. glycines with the C elegans genome. Our goal was identifying genes that may be essential for H. glycines survival and would serve as an automated pipeline for RNAi studies to both study and control H. glycines. Our analysis yielded a total of nearly 8334 conserved genes between H. glycines and C elegans. Of these, 1508 have lethal phenotypes/phenocopies in C elegans. RNAi of a conserved ribosomal gene from H. glycines (Hg-rps-23) yielded dead and dying worms as shown by positive Sytox fluorescence. Endogenous Hg-rps-23 exhibited typical RNA silencing as shown by RT-PCR. However, an unrelated gene Hg-une-87 did not exhibit RNA silencing in the Hg-rps-23 dsRNA-treated worms, demonstrating the specificity of the silencing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.09.009 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 121WK UT WOS:000243187500005 PM 17052709 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Montalbano, Beverly G. Cotty, Peter J. TI Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes shows evidence for genetic isolation of certain Aspergillus flavus vegetative compatibility groups SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; phylogenetics; single nucleotide polymorphism; vegetative compatibility; recombination ID HETEROKARYON INCOMPATIBILITY; FUNGI; SPECIATION; DIVERSITY; CLUSTERS; ORYZAE; STRAIN AB Genetic exchange by asexual filamentous fungi is presumed to be limited to isolates in the same vegetative compatibility group (VCG). To evaluate genetic isolation of Aspergillus flavus due to vegetative incompatibility, three gene regions were chosen that contained closely spaced nucleotides that were polymorphic among some of the six VCGs examined. A member of each VCG was collected from five regions across the southern United States. Isolates belonging to the same VCG had similar sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms regardless of isolate origin. The six VCGs formed four genetically distinct groups. Although recombination between certain pairs of VCGs could not be excluded, none was found for YV36, the VCG that includes the atoxigenic A. flavus isolate currently used to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in cotton in Arizona. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 RE Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 268 IS 2 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00588.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 136MQ UT WOS:000244228400014 PM 17229064 ER PT J AU Caceres, C McInnis, D Shelly, T Jang, E Robinson, A Hendrichs, J AF Caceres, Carlos McInnis, Donald Shelly, Todd Jang, Eric Robinson, Alan Hendrichs, Jorge TI Quality management systems for fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) sterile insect technique SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE quality control; Tephritidae; fruit flies; behavior; SIT; sterile insects ID ANASTREPHA-FRATERCULUS DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; SEXUAL COMPETITIVENESS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; MATING SUCCESS; MEDFLY DIPTERA; POPULATIONS; NITROGEN; WILD; COMPATIBILITY AB The papers presented in this issue are focused on developing and validating procedures to improve the overall quality of sterile fruit flies for use in area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component. The group was coordinated and partially funded by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, under a five-year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on "Quality Assurance in Mass-Reared and Released Fruit Flies for Use in SIT Programmes". Participants in the CRP from 16 countries came from both basic and applied fields of expertise to ensure that appropriate and relevant procedures were developed. A variety of studies was undertaken to develop protocols to assess strain compatibility and to improve colonization procedures and strain management. Specific studies addressed issues related to insect nutrition, irradiation protocols, field dispersal and survival, field cage behavior assessments, and enhancement of mating competitiveness. The main objective was to increase the efficiency of operational fruit fly programs using sterile insects and to reduce their cost. Many of the protocols developed or improved during the CRP will be incorporated into the international quality control manual for sterile tephritid fruit flies, standardizing key components of the production, sterilization, shipment, handling, and release of sterile insects. C1 IAEA, Agcys Labs, Joint FAO IAEA, Programme Nucl Techn Food & Agr, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. USDA ARS, USPBARC, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. IAEA, FAO IAEA, Programme Nucl Techn Food & Agr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Caceres, C (reprint author), IAEA, Agcys Labs, Joint FAO IAEA, Programme Nucl Techn Food & Agr, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[1:QMSFFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400001 ER PT J AU Yuval, B Maor, M Levy, K Kaspi, R Taylor, P Shelly, T AF Yuval, Boaz Maor, Meyrav Levy, Karmit Kaspi, Roy Taylor, Phillip Shelly, Todd TI Breakfast of champions or kiss of death? Survival and sexual performance of protein-fed, sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; Sterile Insect Technique; nutrition; sexual behavior; longevity; starvation ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ENHANCES MATING SUCCESS; GINGER ROOT OIL; FLY DIPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ADULT DIET; COMPETITIVENESS; WILD; LONGEVITY; FIELD AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly being used around the world to control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Mediterranean fruit fly as part of an area-wide integrated approach. One option that may improve the effectiveness of the SIT, by increasing the sexual competitiveness of released sterile males, consists of feeding males protein during the post-teneral stage, a diet that increases sexual performance of wild males. We examine the effects of diet on the successive hurdles males must overcome in order to inseminate females, i.e., joining leks, copulating females, having their sperm stored and inhibition of female remating. In addition, we address the effects of diet on post-release foraging success, longevity, and the ability to withstand starvation. While protein feeding universally increases the sexual success of wild males, its effect on sterile males varies with strain, experimental settings, and environmental conditions. In some cases, treatments that resulted in the best sexual performance were significantly associated with increased vulnerability to starvation. However, no particular diet affected the ability of sterile males to find nutrients in the field when these where available. We suggest it may be better to release relatively short-lived flies that are highly competitive, rather than long-lived, sexually ineffective ones. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Yuval, B (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Entomol, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Yuval, Boaz/C-3447-2009; Taylor, Phillip/E-4620-2011 OI Yuval, Boaz/0000-0002-6864-3825; Taylor, Phillip/0000-0002-7574-7737 NR 36 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[115:BOCOKO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400017 ER PT J AU Briceno, D Eberhard, W Shelly, T AF Briceno, Daniel Eberhard, William Shelly, Todd TI Male courtship behavior in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) that have received aromatherapy with ginger root oil SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE aromatherapy; Ceratitis capitata; close range pheromones; mating behavior; Mediterranean fruit fly; sexual selection ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; ENHANCES MATING SUCCESS; MASS-REARED MALES; MEDFLIES DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; WILD; TRIMEDLURE; EXPOSURE; CRITERIA AB The results of previous studies that showed that exposing mass-reared male Mediterranean fruit flies Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) to ginger root oil ("aromatherapy") increases the likelihood of mating with wild females were confirmed. The increased male success could be due to female responses to changes in male behavior or male pheromones. There were no significant differences in the types of courtship movements executed by males with and without aromatherapy. The durations of movements also did not differ when mass-reared males were paired with mass-reared females; however, when they were paired with wild females, there were a few, small differences. Previous studies indicated that the effectiveness of the male long-distance attractant pheromone is not affected by aromatherapy, but these studies did not consider pheromones released at close range during courtship, which behavioral analyses suggest may be different. We propose the following possible explanation for the different effects of aromatherapy with different females. Selection on males under mass rearing may have altered their close-range pheromones in ways that can be remedied by aromatherapy; and only wild females respond because the pheromonal responsiveness of mass-reared females has also changed. We propose observations that could test these ideas. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Briceno, D (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[175:MCBICC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400024 ER PT J AU Katsar, CS Hunter, WB Sinisterra, XH AF Katsar, C. S. Hunter, W. B. Sinisterra, X. H. TI Phytoreovirus-like sequences isolated from salivary glands of the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; H. vitripennis; leafhopper; Phytoreovirus; Reoviridae; Rice Dwarf Virus (RDV); Wounded Tumor Virus (WTV) ID EMPOASCA-FABAE HOMOPTERA; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; PSI-BLAST; PROTEIN; COAGULATA; ALIGNMENT; VIRUS AB The salivary glands of the Glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis Germar 1821, (syn. H. coagulata, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were collected and used to produce a cDNA library. Examination by BLASTX analyses identified 2 viral sequences, one a 610-base pair fragment and a second 839-base pair fragment, both of which had significant homology to viruses within the genus Phytoreovirus. Resequencing of the fragments confirmed sequence validities. These sequences were used for in silico protein translation and BLASTP analysis confirming the established homology. While the GWSS is the primary vector of Pierce's disease of grapes, this is the first report that GWSS may be a vector of a phytoreoviruses. Phylogenetic and homology comparisons with BLASTX, BIASTP, and PAUP analyses indicated that the viral sequences isolated from GWSS were closely related to the viruses in the Family Reoviridae, Genus Phytoreovirus, specifically Rice Dwarf Phytoreovirus (RDV). RDV is the only plant reovirus that is not limited to the phloem. Phytoreoviruses are transmitted in a propagative manner by cicadellid leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), which acquire and transmit them during feeding. Phytoreoviruses have been reported from Agallian, Agalliopsis, Nephotettix, and Recilia, genera of leafhoppers, with evidence for transovarial transmission. The GWSS, although considered to feed primarily from the xylem, ingests from other plant tissues, such as the phloem and mesophyll during probing similar to other leafhoppers. The feeding behavior and wide host range of the GWSS provides an overlapping condition for these two organisms, leafhopper and virus. GWSS will feed from grasses as a transitory host, and on herbaceous and woody plants as primary hosts, which may favor the acquisition and transmission of Phytoreovirus by this leafhopper. Monitoring for an increase of Phytoreovirus spread in graminaceous crops that are in proximity to vineyards or tree crop orchards, where GWSS occurs, such as in southern California, will provide a better understanding of the potential role of the GWSS as a disease vector in the spread of phytoreoviruses and other plant pathogens. The sequences have been deposited in NCBI database under the accession numbers (EF058280) for GWSS-V1, WHSg013C11 and (EF058281) for GWSS-V2, WHSg024H02. C1 USDA, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, US Hort Res Lab, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Katsar, CS (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, US Hort Res Lab, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[196:PSIFSG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400028 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJ Salinas, EJ Rendon, P AF Martinez, A. J. Salinas, E. J. Rendon, P. TI Capture of Anastrepha species (Diptera : Tephritidae) with multilure traps and biolure attractants in Guatemala SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; FLY; AMMONIA; SURVEILLANCE; METHYLAMINE; PUTRESCINE; MIXTURE; LUDENS AB Two trapping systems were compared in a study in Guatemala during the wet season, May through Dec 2001. Trap/lure combinations consisting of green or yellow-based plastic McPhail-like traps baited with a synthetic 2-component lure (putrescine and ammonium acetate) and 300 ml, of propylene glycol antifreeze as a preservative were compared to the traditional glass McPhail baited with torula yeast/borax and 300 mL of water. Both systems captured several key Anastrepha species including Anastrepha ludens Loew, A. obliqua, Macquart, A. serpentina Weidemann, A. striata Schiner, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus Weidemann as well as Ceratitis capitata Weidemann. Additionally, 13 other Anastrepha spp. were captured with the synthetic lure. The plastic traps captured more key flies than the McPhail trap except for A. distincta where there were no significant differences between the yellow-based plastic trap and the McPhail trap and no significant differences between any trap and lure for trapping A. fraterculus. The synthetic lure lasted 10 weeks. The sex ratio was female-biased for almost all captured key species in both systems. Moreover, there were significant numbers of captured nontarget insects in all traps; however, the captured flies in those traps with the synthetic lure were not adversely affected by these insects. Propylene glycol-based antifreeze was a superior preservative when compared to borax/water. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Martinez, AJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 22675 N Moorfield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[258:COASDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400036 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Porter, SD AF Valles, Steven M. Porter, Sanford D. TI Pseudacteon decapitating flies: Potential vectors of a fire ant virus? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHORIDAE; DIPTERA C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 268 EP 270 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[268:PDFPVO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400038 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Styer, EL Myers, RE Carpenter, JE AF Marti, Orville G. Styer, Eloise L. Myers, Ronald E. Carpenter, James E. TI Viruses in laboratory-reared cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEXICO C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Investigat Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[274:VILCMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400040 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Carpenter, JE AF Marti, Orville G. Carpenter, James E. TI A character demonstrating the occurrence of mating in male Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM; SPRUCE BUDWORM; NOCTUIDAE; HISTOLOGY; TORTRICIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; TRAPS C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Serv, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[278:ACDTOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 155RK UT WOS:000245595400041 ER PT J AU Vorster, HH Murphy, SP Allen, LH King, JC AF Vorster, Hester H. Murphy, Suzanne P. Allen, Lindsay H. King, Janet C. TI Application of nutrient intake values (NIVs) SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE diet assessment; diet planning; dietary guidelines; food fortification; food labeling; nutrient recommendations AB The process of applying nutrient intake values (NIVs) for dietary assessment, planning, and implementing programs is discussed in this paper. In addition to assessing, monitoring, and evaluating nutritional situations, applications include Planning food policies, strategies, and programs for promotion of optimal nutrition and preventing and treating malnutrition (both over- and undernutrition). Other applications include nutrition education, food and nutrient legislation, marketing and labeling, research, product development, food procurement and trade (import and export), food aid, and therapeutic (clinical) nutrition. Specific examples of how NIVs are used to develop food labels, fortification policies, and food-based dietary guidelines are described. Applications in both developed and developing countries are also described. In summary, NIVs are the scientific backbone of all aspects of nutrition policy in countries and regions worldwide. C1 NWU, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vorster, HH (reprint author), NWU, Fac Hlth Sci, Potchefstroom Campus, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM Este.Vorster@nwu.ac.za NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 SU 1 BP S116 EP S122 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 160FT UT WOS:000245927000010 PM 17521123 ER PT J AU Yates, AA AF Yates, Allison A. TI Using criteria to establish nutrient intake values (NIVs) SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE average nutrient level; criterion of adequacy; nutrient requirements; sample size ID NITROGEN-BALANCE; ADULTS AB One of the most important of the nutrient intake values (NIVs) is the average nutrient requirement (ANR). The ANR is defined as an intake value that will be adequate for half of the individuals in a group of people with similar characteristics. It is used to estimate the prevalence of adequacy, and it serves as the basis for the individual nutrient level (INLx). The determination of adequacy is a complex process, with the resulting value of the ANR dependent on the criterion or functional outcome chosen to define nutrient adequacy. Because nutrients have multiple sites Of action in human metabolism, it is possible to demonstrate abnormal function in one parameter measured or observed as a result of inadequate intake of a nutrient, while other parameters requiring the same nutrient appear normal or within normal ranges. Thus, depending on the criterion of adequacy selected, the requirement for a given nutrient may be at a lower or a higher intake amount. In harmonizing development of NIVs, it is important to clearly identify the criterion of adequacy selected and the rationale for its selection. Rarely are available data sufficient to provide dose-response information from which to select a level of intake at which half of the individuals demonstrate adequacy and half appear to demonstrate inadequacy. Three levels of intake, of which at least one level of intake is below the requirement for most of the individuals in the sample, and one level of intake is above their requirement, are useful for establishing, a level at which half of the group might be considered to demonstrate adequacy. Types of human nutrient studies that may be used to obtain data are discussed, as well as characteristics Of the sample size needed to demonstrate adequacy. The variation in requirements is also an important aspect in predicting levels of intake that will have defined probabilities of adequacy for groups (to develop the INLx, where x is the defined probability chosen). An analysis of the origins of different types of variability is presented. When estimating energy requirements, a special case of NIVs, important issues must be considered. Additionally, an example of evaluating data used to establish an ANR for vitamin A, and the effect of variability in requirements for vitamin A, is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yates, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 110300 Baltimopre Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Allison.Yates@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 SU 1 BP S38 EP S50 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 160FT UT WOS:000245927000005 PM 17521118 ER PT J AU Widmer, KW Jesudhasan, PR Dowd, SE Pillai, SD AF Widmer, Kenneth W. Jesudhasan, Palmy R. Dowd, Scot E. Pillai, Suresh D. TI Differential expression of virulence-related genes in a Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium luxS mutant in response to autoinducer AI-2 and poultry meat-derived AI-2 inhibitor SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; BIOFILM FORMATION; BACTERIA; COMMUNICATION; METABOLISM; NORMALIZATION; INVOLVEMENT; SPOILAGE; INVASION AB Bacterial cells communicate with each other and respond to external stimuli using signal molecules called autoinducers (AIs). Poultry meat contains inhibitors that apparently interfere with AI-2 signaling. Our objective was to understand the expression of Salmonella Typhimurium genes (using spotted microarrays) in response to AI-2 in the presence, and absence, of poultry meat (PM) derived AI-2 inhibitors. Expression of 1136 virulence-related genes in Salmonella Typhimurium wildtype and its isogenic luxS mutant strain (unable to produce AI-2) was monitored when the cells were exposed for 3 hours to different treatments containing in vitro synthesized AI-2 and a PM inhibitor (AI-2, AI-2 + PM, or PM alone). The responses of the genes were unique in the presence of in vitro synthesized AI-2. Of 1136 genes on the array, 23 genes were differentially expressed (either upregulated or down-regulated) at least 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) in the presence of AI-2. Exposure to the PM inhibitor resulted in 36 genes being differentially expressed, while the combined AI-2 + PM treatment resulted in 22 genes being differentially expressed, of which only 7 genes showed overlap with the PM treatment, suggesting a unique response when AI-2 interacts with the inhibitor molecules. The results suggest that Salmonella gene expression can vary depending on the presence or absence of the poultry meat matrix and/or AI-2 molecules. Understanding the interaction of AI-2 and inhibitors of AI-2 activity found in poultry meat can help explain Salmonella survival and virulence on poultry products. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ 2472, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, 418B Kleberg Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poulty.tamu.edu OI Widmer, Kenneth/0000-0002-8154-5373 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.40 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149EL UT WOS:000245129800005 PM 17378703 ER PT J AU Paoli, GC Kleina, LG Brewster, JD AF Paoli, George C. Kleina, Lynn G. Brewster, Jeffrey D. TI Development of Listeria monocytogenes - Specific immunomagnetic beads using a single-chain antibody fragment SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; FOOD; GROWTH; SEPARATION; SAMPLES; BIOTINYLATION; ENUMERATION; TEMPERATURE; BIOSENSORS AB A method for coupling single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) to immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) was developed and evaluated using scFvs specific for Listeria monocytogenes. A plasmid vector, pBAD380, was constructed that allowed the expression of histidine-tagged biotinylated scFvs in Escherichia coli. The gene encoding a scFv specific for L. monocytogenes was cloned into pBAD380 and the 6-histidine-tagged biotinylated anti-L. monocytogenes scFvs were coupled to streptavidin-coated IMBs. The ability of the anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs to capture L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species was evaluated in comparison to commercially available anti-Listeria IMBs. The anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs displayed higher efficiencies of capture (1.38-19.04%) for most strains of L. monocytogenes than were observed for the anti-Listeria IMBs (0.05-3.35%); also, the anti-L. monocytogenes scFv-IMBs exhibited improved specificity for L. monocytogenes as determined by cell capture efficiency in pure and mixed cultures. C1 ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Paoli, GC (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM George.Paoli@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.65 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149EL UT WOS:000245129800013 PM 17378711 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Callaway, TR Morrow-Tesch, J AF Dowd, Scot E. Callaway, Todd R. Morrow-Tesch, Julie TI Handling may cause increased shedding of Escherichia coli and total coliforms in pigs SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MESENTERIC ORGANS; INDUCED GROWTH; NOREPINEPHRINE; BACTERIA; LIVER AB Many common management practices such as transportation, weaning, handling, and changes in social groups are stressful to animals. The effects of stressors on the intestinal microbial ecosystem are still being investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of handling on naturally occurring intestinal populations of Escherichia coli and total coliforms in swine. Finishing pigs were subjected to repeated handling, in which they were removed from their pens each day, moved down an alley to a scale, weighed individually, and moved back to their pens. This procedure was performed with the control groups once at the beginning and once at the end of the study, while treatment groups were herded and weighed each day for 8 days. Most probable numbers (MPN)/g of E. coli (a subset of the coliform group) and total coliforms were measured daily for treatment and control groups. Using repeated measures analyses, increased MPN/g of feces, for both E. coli and total coliforms, were seen in the treatment groups compared to the control groups (P < 0.03). These data indicate that handling may affect fecal shedding of E. coli and total coliforms, possibly due to stress, and these populations of bacteria may have potential utility as inexpensive, noninvasive indicators of handling-related stress in pigs. C1 ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.53 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 149EL UT WOS:000245129800016 PM 17378714 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Buehlmann, U AF Thomas, Ed Buehlmann, Urs TI Yield implications of global versus local process optimization in rip-first rough mills SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; SIMULATOR AB Current rip-first processing technologies use local optimization methods to find the best cutting solution for each board. First, lumber is cut to strips with the local optimization establishing the highest yielding strip solution. Then the strips are cut to part lengths, also using a local optimization algorithm that searches for the highest yielding part solution from the given strips. Thus, local rip-first optimization involves the generation of two local optima. Conversely, global lumber cut-up optimization generates a single optimal cut-up solution (ripping and chopping) for each board before it is actually processed. The impact of these two optimization modes on yield were evaluated using a variety of cutting bills and grade mixes and the USDA Forest Service's ROMI-3 rough mill simulator. Simulation results indicate that improvements in yield can be significant with global optimization. In this study global optimization was shown to return as much as 10.67 percent higher primary part yield than local optimization. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Enkeboll Designs, Carson, CA USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM ethomas@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 150LQ UT WOS:000245218700012 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Bumgardner, M Schuler, A Barford, M AF Buehlmann, Urs Bumgardner, Matthew Schuler, Al Barford, Mark TI Assessing the impacts of global competition on the Appalachian hardwood industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The membership of the Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc. was surveyed in 2005 to determine the perceived impacts of globalization on large Appalachian sawmills. While much has been written regarding the impacts of globalization on secondary manufacturing, less is known about primary links in the hardwood supply chain. The results suggested that globalization issues ranked among the most important concerns of sawmill managers. More than 90 percent of respondents indicated that they were working harder to develop relationships with their customers as a result of globalization, and 75 percent indicated that they were now more aggressive in searching for new markets. Respondents indicated that export and flooring markets had picked up some of the volume loss associated with declining domestic furniture manufacturing, but these markets (particularly flooring) were perceived to be vulnerable to imports. Lumber sorting seemed to be an important area for capital investment for responding firms in the coming years. Training priorities that are suggested by these findings include communications and marketing while technology development priorities might include lumber sorting and decision-support tools. C1 Enkeboll Designs, Carson, CA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV USA. Natl Hardwood Lumber Assoc, Memphis, TN USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Enkeboll Designs, Carson, CA USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us; aschuler@fs.fed.us; m.barford@nhla.com NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 150LQ UT WOS:000245218700016 ER PT J AU Chaloner, DT Lamberti, GA Cak, AD Blair, NL Edwards, RT AF Chaloner, D. T. Lamberti, G. A. Cak, A. D. Blair, N. L. Edwards, R. T. TI Inter-annual variation in responses of water chemistry and epilithon to Pacific salmon spawners in an Alaskan stream SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epilithon; Pacific salmon; salmon-derived nutrients; southeastern Alaska; water chemistry ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; ABUNDANCE; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; MARINE AB 1. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) deliver salmon-derived nutrients (SDN) to the streams in which they spawn. However, many stream parameters, such as discharge and spawner abundance, can vary from year to year, which could alter the quantity and flux of SDN. 2. Over six consecutive years, we studied responses in streamwater chemistry and epilithon (i.e. the microbial community on submerged rocks) to salmon spawners in Fish Creek, southeastern Alaska, U.S.A. The lower reach of Fish Creek receives spawners of several salmon species, while the upper reach does not receive spawners because of an intervening waterfall. 3. We estimated salmon spawner biomass, analysed water chemistry [ammonium, nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)], and measured epilithon abundance [as chlorophyll a (chl a) and ash-free dry mass (AFDM)] in Fish Creek. Measurements were made in both the upper and lower reaches, before, during and after the major salmon runs. 4. Absolute values and relative differences indicated that the presence of salmon spawners consistently increased dissolved ammonium (by 58 mu g L-1 on average, 41x over background), SRP (by 6 mu g L-1, 14x), epilithon chl a (by 35 mg m(-2), 16x), and epilithon AFDM (by 3 g m(-2), 8x). Salmon spawners did not increase nitrate or DOC in either absolute or relative amounts. The persistence and magnitude of spawner effects varied among years and appeared to reflect weather-driven hydrology as well as spawner biomass. 5. Salmon-derived nutrients can stimulate the growth of primary producers by increasing streamwater nutrient concentrations, but this positive influence may be modulated by other factors, such as water temperature and discharge. To better assess the ecological influence of SDN on stream biota, future studies should explicitly consider the role of key environmental factors and their temporal and spatial dynamics in stream ecosystems. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. RP Chaloner, DT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM chaloner.1@nd.edu NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 478 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01715.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 134VC UT WOS:000244111400008 ER PT J AU Schimel, D Hargrove, W Hoffman, F MacMahon, J AF Schimel, David Hargrove, William Hoffman, Forrest MacMahon, James TI NEON: a hierarchically designed national ecological network SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Schimel, D (reprint author), NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 59 EP 59 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[59:NAHDNE]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142LL UT WOS:000244651300001 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Brown, TC AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Brown, Thomas C. TI Be careful what you wish for: the legacy of Smokey Bear SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; DECISION; RISK AB A century of wildfire suppression in the United States has led to increased fuel loading and large-scale ecological change across some of the nation's forests. Land management agencies have responded by increasing the use of prescribed fire and thinning. However, given the continued emphasis on fire suppression, current levels of funding for such fuel management practices are unlikely to maintain the status quo, let alone reverse the effects of fire exclusion. We suggest an alternative approach to wildfire management, one that places less emphasis on suppression and instead encourages managers to balance short-term wildfire damages against the long-term consequences of fire exclusion. However, any major change in wildfire management, such as the one proposed here, will shift the costs and benefits of wildfire management, inevitably raising opposition. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[73:BCWYWF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142LL UT WOS:000244651300019 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV AF Pouyat, Richard V. TI Communicating science on Capitol Hill: a case for embedded ecologists SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLICY C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[104:CSOCHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142LL UT WOS:000244651300024 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Cooke, PH Hicks, KB AF Boateng, A. A. Cooke, P. H. Hicks, K. B. TI Microstructure development of chars derived from high-temperature pyrolysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hulls SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE barley hulls; thermal degradation; char microstructure ID RICE HULL AB Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a thermochemical conversion process that provides an economic production of pyrolysis oils/bio-oils. The process also results in a residual solid residue, char, that comprises carbon and mineral ash that can be a potential source of fuel or a valuable co-product. Depending on the exposure time and temperature, pyrolysis can increase the interfacial surface areas of the residual char thereby enhancing its absorptive capacity. Char residues can be used for physical or chemical absorption and as catalyst support or base material for fertilizers. The reactions that occur during char combustion or gasification are heterogeneous hence the reaction rates are microstructure dependent. Ashes from biomass derived chars can be high either in calcium or silica with the latter exceeding 90% levels in certain grain hull residues. Depending on the microstructural transformations which occur during thermal degradation of the biomass, silica-laden ashes can be a potential source of pozzolan for the construction industry. In this study, the microstructure of the chars derived from fast pyrolysis of barley-hull was studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy under low vacuum conditions. The results indicate a gradual increase in convoluted microstructure related to the superficial organization of epidermal cells, including stomata and trichomes that eventually assume the form of various morphotypes of phytoliths. Characterization of the temporal events of high temperature evolution of the hull microstructure provides practical implications of its combustion reactivities and also provides information useful for predicting potential masonry applications for the resulting ash. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5-6 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.024 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 141UY UT WOS:000244605500014 ER PT J AU Jones, GD Bryant, VM AF Jones, Gretchen D. Bryant, Vaughn M., Jr. TI A comparison of pollen counts: Light versus scanning electron microscopy SO GRANA LA English DT Article DE pollen analyses; scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy; soil analysis ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; NOCTUIDAE MOTHS; MIGRATION; MARKER; MOVEMENT; SAMPLES AB Palynologists use compound light microscopy (LM) for pollen identification and interpretation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological comparisons and taxonomy. As we are unaware of any published reports comparing LM and SEM pollen counts and identifications of the same sample, we decided to examine a surface soil sample using both microscopes. Standard palynological extraction techniques were used. Two, 300 grain counts were made using LM, and two, 300 counts with SEM. Pollen grains viewed with SEM were also divided into three categories, "identifiable,'' "obscured,'' and "virtually impossible to identify''. Eighty-six (86) percent of the pollen grains counted with SEM were classified as "identifiable'' or "obscured.'' Pollen concentration values ranged from 385,714 ( LM Count #2) to 900,000 (SEM Count #1) per gram of soil. Regardless of the microscope used, Ligustrum spp., Myrtaceae-type, and Tilia spp. had the greatest number of pollen grains. A total of 73 taxa were found. A scan of the unexamined portion of the stubs resulted in 20 additional taxa. There were no significant differences between the counts made with the two microscopes (ANOVA, p > 0.05, F=0.18, d=576). However, there were significantly more taxa found with SEM than with LM (t-test, T=0.05). Sample preparation and the time needed to count, analyze, photograph and print the micrographs are the same regardless of the microscope used. The sample, information needed, and funding will determine which technique to use. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jones, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM g-jones@tamu.edu NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1080/00173130601173897 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 153WE UT WOS:000245466200003 ER PT J AU Storfer, A Murphy, MA Evans, JS Goldberg, CS Robinson, S Spear, SF Dezzani, R Delmelle, E Vierling, L Waits, LP AF Storfer, A. Murphy, M. A. Evans, J. S. Goldberg, C. S. Robinson, S. Spear, S. F. Dezzani, R. Delmelle, E. Vierling, L. Waits, L. P. TI Putting the 'landscape' in landscape genetics SO HEREDITY LA English DT Review DE landscape genetics; spatial statistics; spatial analysis; landscape ecology; spatial sampling; population genetics ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PARTIAL MANTEL TESTS; ROE DEER POPULATION; TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PARNASSIUS-SMINTHEUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES AB Landscape genetics has emerged as a new research area that integrates population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics. Researchers in this field can combine the high resolution of genetic markers with spatial data and a variety of statistical methods to evaluate the role that landscape variables play in shaping genetic diversity and population structure. While interest in this research area is growing rapidly, our ability to fully utilize landscape data, test explicit hypotheses and truly integrate these diverse disciplines has lagged behind. Part of the current challenge in the development of the field of landscape genetics is bridging the communication and knowledge gap between these highly specific and technical disciplines. The goal of this review is to help bridge this gap by exposing geneticists to terminology, sampling methods and analysis techniques widely used in landscape ecology and spatial statistics but rarely addressed in the genetics literature. We offer a definition for the term 'landscape genetics', provide an overview of the landscape genetics literature, give guidelines for appropriate sampling design and useful analysis techniques, and discuss future directions in the field. We hope, this review will stimulate increased dialog and enhance interdisciplinary collaborations advancing this exciting new field. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Moscow, ID USA. RP Waits, LP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lwaits@uidaho.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009; Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 NR 146 TC 436 Z9 444 U1 18 U2 207 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800917 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 139BJ UT WOS:000244406700003 PM 17080024 ER PT J AU Altpeter, F James, V Sandhu, S Agharkar, M Zhang, H Fouad, W Xiong, X Lomba, P Luciani, G Celedon, J Blount, A Gallo, M Meagher, R Wofford, D Kenworthy, K Sinclair, T AF Altpeter, F. James, V. Sandhu, S. Agharkar, M. Zhang, H. Fouad, W. Xiong, X. Lomba, P. Luciani, G. Celedon, J. Blount, A. Gallo, M. Meagher, R. Wofford, D. Kenworthy, K. Sinclair, T. TI Genetic engineering of stress tolerance and turf quality in a low-input turfgrass (Paspalum notatum flugge). SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, PMCB, Genet Inst,Agron Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Agron, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM faltpeter@ifas.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400047 ER PT J AU Du, NX Pijut, PM AF Du, Ningxia Pijut, Paula M. TI Adventitious shoot regeneration of Fraxinus pennsylvanica. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ndu@purdue.edu; ppijut@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S45 EP S46 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400115 ER PT J AU Fitch, M Leong, T Albert, H Schenck, S Moore, P McCafferty, H Zhu, J Gonsalves, D AF Fitch, M. Leong, T. Albert, H. Schenck, S. Moore, P. McCafferty, H. Zhu, J. Gonsalves, D. TI Screening of transgenic anthuriums for bacterial blight and nematode resistance. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mfitch@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400102 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Pijut, PM AF Liu, Xiaomei Pijut, Paula M. TI Adventitious shoot regeneration and genetic transformation of Prunus serotina for reproductive sterility. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S42 EP S42 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400104 ER PT J AU Morse, AM Kayihan, G Myburg, H Smith, KE Nelson, CD Davis, JM AF Morse, Alison M. Kayihan, Gogce Myburg, Henrietta Smith, Katherine E. Nelson, C. Dana Davis, John M. TI Genomics and pine disease. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Forest Biotechnol Grp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM ammorse@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400059 ER PT J AU Ozias-Akins, P Ramos, L Faustinelli, P Chu, Y Maleki, S Huntley, J Thelen, J AF Ozias-Akins, P. Ramos, L. Faustinelli, P. Chu, Y. Maleki, S. Huntley, J. Thelen, J. TI Spontaneous and induced variation in peanut seed protein. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S27 EP S28 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400072 ER PT J AU Palli, SR Tavva, VS Singh, AK Dinkins, RD Collins, GB AF Palli, S. R. Tavva, V. S. Singh, A. K. Dinkins, R. D. Collins, G. B. TI Ecdysone receptor gene switch technology for inducible gene expression in plants. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. USDA ARS, FAPRU, Lexington, KY USA. EM rpalli@uky.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400038 ER PT J AU Reed, BM AF Reed, Barbara M. TI Culture and storage medium iron concentrations influence in-vitro cold storage duration of hops (Humulus) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@ars-grin.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S29 EP S30 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400078 ER PT J AU Roschke, C Pijut, PM AF Roschke, Christian Pijut, Paula M. TI Micropropagation of Juglans nigra L. in liquid culture. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM croschke@purdue.edu; ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S42 EP S43 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400106 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Goodman, C Song, Q An, S McIntosh, A AF Stanley, D. Goodman, C. Song, Q. An, S. McIntosh, A. TI Prostaglandins A(1) and E-1 influence gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1). SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S34 EP S35 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400088 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Berhow, M Vaughn, SF AF Tisserat, B. Berhow, M. Vaughn, S. F. TI Spearmint plantlet culture system as a means to study secondary metabolism in vitro. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM tisserbh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400043 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Reed, BM AF Uchendu, Esther E. Reed, Barbara M. TI A comparative study of three cryopreservation protocols for effective storage of mint (Mentha spp.). SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM uchendu@onid.orst.edu; corbr@ars-grin.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400113 ER PT J AU Vengadesan, G Pijut, PM AF Vengadesan, G. Pijut, Paula M. TI In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM vengi@purdue.edu; ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 43 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 187UF UT WOS:000247873400116 ER PT J AU Mora-Gutierrez, A Farrell, HM Attaie, R McWhinney, VJ Wang, C AF Mora-Gutierrez, A. Farrell, H. M., Jr. Attaie, R. McWhinney, V. J. Wang, C. TI Effects of bovine and caprine Monterey Jack cheeses fortified with milk calcium on bone mineralization in rats SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bovine cheese; caprine cheese; milk calcium; Ca bioavailability ID GOAT MILK; CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNESIUM ABSORPTION; BOWEL RESECTION; CHEDDAR CHEESE; POTENTIAL USES; GROWING RATS; PROTEINS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Bovine and caprine Monterey Jack cheeses were produced unfortified (cheese) or fortified with milk calcium (Ca-cheese). Five groups of male rats were fed a control diet or one of four experimental diets: bovine cheese diet, bovine Ca-cheese diet, caprine cheese diet, and caprine Ca-cheese diet to test their effects on calcium absorption as well as bone mineralization. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for calcium absorption and digestibility with the data yielding the pattern: caprine Ca-cheese > caprine cheese = bovine Ca-cheese > bovine cheese > control. Significant increases (P < 0.05) occurred in bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and breaking force in the femoral bone with the pattern: caprine Ca-cheese > caprine cheese > bovine Ca-cheese > bovine cheese > control. Our findings suggest that caprine cheese unfortified or fortified with milk calcium had the most positive effects on calcium absorption and bone mineralization in rats, with bovine cheeses still having significantly greater effects than the non-casein control. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, Coop Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kentucky State Univ, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Mora-Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Coop Agr Res Ctr, POB 4079, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM admora@pvamu.edu NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.12.014 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 112VB UT WOS:000242554500009 ER PT J AU Li, RH Buongiorno, J Zhu, S Turner, JA Prestemon, J AF Li, Ruhong Buongiorno, J. Zhu, S. Turner, J. A. Prestemon, J. TI Potential economic impact of limiting the international trade of timber as a phytosanitary measure SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA French DT Article DE exotic pests; international trade; policy; wood products; modeling AB We assessed the impact on the world forest sector of reducing the risk of exotic pest spread by curtailing the roundwood trade. The analysis compared predictions from 2006 to 2015, with and without a gradual ban of roundwood exports between 2006 and 2010. With a ban on roundwood trade, world consumer expenditures for wood products and producer revenues would rise by 2.2 percent and 1.9 percent respectively. World value added would remain unchanged. However, producer revenues would decrease for the main log exporters (16 percent for the Russian Federation, and 10 percent for New Zealand). Value added would decrease most for the main log importers (13 percent in Japan, 7 percent in Korea, and 4 percent in China). Although the global cost of banning roundwood trade seems modest compared to the cost of catastrophic pest invasions, its varying effects on countries must be taken into account in forging equitable policies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Scion New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Li, RH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1505/ifor.9.1.514 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 162LH UT WOS:000246088400004 ER PT J AU Lynch, SR Bothwel, T AF Lynch, Sean R. Bothwel, Thomas CA SUSTAIN Task Force Iron Powders TI A comparison of physical properties, screening procedures and a human efficacy trial for predicting the bioavailability of commercial elemental iron powders used for food fortification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE elemental iron; food fortification; bioavailability; screening procedure ID TASK-FORCE REPORT; CARBONYL IRON; DOUBLE-BLIND; ABSORPTION; AVAILABILITY; INVITRO; CEREALS; FLOUR; MEALS; MODEL AB Elemental iron powders are widely used to fortify staple foods. Experimental evidence indicates that there is considerable variation in the bioavailability of different products. For some powders, it may be too low to permit a significant impact on iron status. This study was designed to evaluate possible approaches to screening commercial iron powders for predicted bioavailability, to identify products that have the potential to improve iron status, and to ascertain whether bioavailability is related to the method of manufacture. Nine commercial iron powders were allocated to one of five types based on the production process; carbonyl, electrolytic, hydro-, gen-reduced (H-reduced), carbon monoxide-reduced (CO-reduced), and other reduced. Structure by scanning electron microscopy and physical properties (pycnometric and apparent density, particle size distribution, Fisher subsieve size, and surface area) were determined on all samples. Selected samples (one or more of each type depending on the cost of the assay) were then subjected to five screening procedures that have previously been advocated for predicting bioavailability in humans - dissolution rate in 0. 1 mol/L HCl, dialyzability and Caco-2 cell iron uptake, both after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, relative bioavailability (RBV) with respect to ferrous sulfate by the AOAC rat hemoglobin repletion method, and plasma iron tolerance tests in human volunteers. The results for particle size distribution, surface area, Fisher subsieve size, dissolution rate in 0. 1 mol/L HCl, and RBV in rats were significantly correlated and consistent for powders of the same type. However er, values for different powder types were significantly different. There was no correlation between either dialyzability or Caco-2 cell uptake and the predicted bioavailability estimates based on the physical properties, dissolution rates, RBV in rats, or human efficacy data. Although human plasma iron tolerance tests were in general agreement with the other measures of predicted bioavailability, they did not provide information that would have improved the precision of bioavailability estimates based on physical properties, dissolution in HCl and/or RBV in rats. Our observations indicate that the dissolution rate in 0. 1 mol/L HCl under standardized conditions is highly predictive of potential bioavailability and that it would be the most practical approach to developing a reliable and sensitive screening procedure for predicting and monitoring the bioavailability of commercial elemental iron powder products. Some, but not all, of the carbonyl and electrolytic iron powders had the highest predicted bioavailability values. The predicted bioavailability for the reduced iron products was lower and variable, with the lowest values being recorded for the carbon monoxide and other reduced iron products. Two powder types were selected for a human efficacy trial, electrolytic (because it is the iron powder type recommended by WHO) and hydrogen-reduced (because of its widespread use). Electrolytic/A131 and H-reduced/AC-325 had relative efficacies compared with ferrous sulfate monohydrate of 77% and 49%, respectively, based on the change in body iron stores in Thai women with low iron stores, who received an additional 12 mg iron per day, six days per week for 35 weeks in wheat-based snacks. We conclude that there is significant variability in the bioavailability of the commercial iron powders that we evaluated (those used for food fortification at the time that our studies were initiated), and that bioavilability is related in part to production method. The bioavailability of some carbonyl and electrolytic iron powders may be adequate for effective food fortification. The reduced iron powders that we tested are unlikely to have an adequate impact on iron nutrition at the fortification levels currently employed, although preliminary analysis of a new H-reduced product indicates that it may be possible to improve the bioavailability of individual powders of this type of product. We did find significant differences among products in both the electrolytic and carbonyl categories. Therefore, all products should be screened rigorously. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, Johannesburg, South Africa. Penn State Univ, Ctr Innovat Prod, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Gothenburg Univ, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Clin Nutr, Gothenburg, Sweden. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. N Amer Hoganas High Alloys, LLC, Johnstown, PA USA. SUSTAIN, Washington, DC USA. Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Salaya, Thailand. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Hosp, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Lynch, SR (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 18 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.77.2.107 PG 18 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 183AY UT WOS:000247546300005 PM 17896584 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, JCV Ochoa, R Kane, EC AF Rodrigues, Jose C. V. Ochoa, Ronald Kane, Ethan C. TI First report of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari : Tenuipalpidae) and its damage to coconut palms in Puerto Rico and Culebra Island SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Tenuipalpidae; invasive species; red palm mite; Puerto Rico AB This is the first report of the occurrence of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst, and its damage in Puerto Rico and Culebra Island. Raoiella indica is a new invasive pest threatening ornamental palm, coconut, and banana plantations. The mite was observed in eastern Puerto Rico and on Culebra Island infesting and causing damage to coconut, Cocos nucifera L., and Veitchia merrillii L. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Protect, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Identificat Serv, APHIS, PPQ PSPI, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Rodrigues, JCV (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Protect, Jardin Bot Sur,1193 Calle Guayacan, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM jose_carlos@mac.com; rochoa@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/B-5150-2008; OI Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 141WR UT WOS:000244610200001 ER PT J AU Jadhav, U Ezhilarasan, R Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Mohanam, S AF Jadhav, Unmesh Ezhilarasan, Ravesanker Vaughn, Steven F. Berhow, Mark A. Mohanam, Sanjeeva TI Iberin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE isothiocyanate; iberin; neuroblastoma; apoptosis; cell cycle; chemoprevention ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PHASE-II ENZYMES; PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES; BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; GROWTH-INHIBITION; IN-VIVO; SULFORAPHANE AB Epidemiological studies have indicated that increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk for cancers. The major bioactive agent in these vegetables is a class of sulfur-containing glycosides called glucosinolates. Isothiocyanates, derivatives of glucosinolates, have been shown to possess anticancer properties in a variety of tumor cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the antigrowth, cell cycle modulation and proapoptotic effects of isothiocyanate iberin in human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with iberin resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth, increased cytotoxicity, and G, or G, cell cycle arrest depending upon cell type. The iberin-induced cell cycle arrest in neuroblastoma cells was associated with inhibition of expression of Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6 proteins. Fluorescence microscopic analysis of DNA-staining patterns with DAPI revealed an increase in apoptotic cell death in iberin-treated cells as compared with control cells. FLICA staining showed that iberin induced apoptosis, and this apoptotic induction was found to be associated with the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. These findings suggest that the anticancer efficacy of iberin is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and has strong potential for development as a therapeutic agent against cancer. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohanam, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. EM smohanam@uic.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS051625, R01 NS051625-02, R01-NS-051625] NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1107-3756 J9 INT J MOL MED JI Int. J. Mol. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 136OC UT WOS:000244233000002 PM 17273780 ER PT J AU Tejero, ME Cai, G Goring, HHH Diego, V Cole, SA Bacino, CA Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG AF Tejero, M. E. Cai, G. Goring, H. H. H. Diego, V. Cole, S. A. Bacino, C. A. Butte, N. F. Comuzzie, A. G. TI Linkage analysis of circulating levels of adiponectin in hispanic children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adiponectin; genetics; linkage; childhood obesity; QTL; genome scan ID BODY-MASS INDEX; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCUS; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; MELLITUS GENETICS FUSION; OLD ORDER AMISH; PIMA-INDIANS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HUMAN OBESITY; INSULIN SENSITIVITY AB Introduction: Adiponectin, a hormone produced exclusively by adipose tissue, is inversely associated with insulin resistance and proinflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to find quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect circulating levels of adiponectin in Hispanic children participating in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study by use of a systematic genome scan. Methods: The present study included extended families with at least one overweight child between 4 and 19 years old. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) 95th percentile. Fasting blood was collected from 466 children from 127 families. Adiponectin was assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique in fasting serum. A genome-wide scan on circulating levels of adiponectin as a quantitative phenotype was conducted using the variance decomposition approach. Results: The highest logarithm of odds (LOD) score (4.2) was found on chromosome 11q23.2-11q24.2, and a second significant signal ( LOD score = 3.0) was found on chromosome 8q12.1-8q21.3. In addition, a signal suggestive of linkage ( LOD score = 2.5) was found between 18q21.3 and 18q22.3. After adjustment for BMI-Z score, the LOD score on chromosome 11 remained unchanged, but the signals on chromosomes 8 and 18 dropped to 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. Two other signals suggestive of linkage were found on chromosome 3 ( LOD score = 2.1) and 10 ( LOD score 2.5). Although the region on chromosome 11 has been associated with obesity and diabetes-related traits in adult populations, this is the first observation of linkage in this region for adiponectin levels. Our suggestive linkages on chromosomes 10 and 3 replicate results for adiponectin seen in other populations. The influence of loci on chromosomes 18 and 8 on circulating adiponectin seemed to be mediated by BMI in the present study. Conclusion: Our genome scan in children has identified a novel QTL and replicated QTLs in chromosomal regions previously shown to be linked with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related phenotypes in adults. The genetic contribution of loci to adiponectin levels may vary across different populations and age groups. The strong linkage signal on chromosome 11 is most likely underlain by a gene(s) that may contribute to the high susceptibility of these Hispanic children to obesity and T2D. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Comuzzie, AG (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, 7620 NW Loop 410,POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM agcom@darwin.sfbr.org OI Diego, Vincent/0000-0002-0007-2085 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803436 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 140CL UT WOS:000244480100021 PM 16894363 ER PT J AU Kuhnle, RA Wren, DG Chambers, JP AF Kuhnle, R. A. Wren, D. G. Chambers, J. P. TI Prediction of the grain size of suspended sediment: Implications for calculating suspended sediment concentrations using single frequency acoustic backscatter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; grain size; acoustic backscatter; concentration errors AB Collection of samples of suspended sediment transported by streams and rivers is difficult and expensive. Emerging technologies, such as acoustic backscatter, have promise to decrease costs and allow more thorough sampling of transported sediment in streams and rivers. Acoustic backscatter information may be used to calculate the concentration of suspended sand-sized sediment given the vertical distribution of sediment size. Therefore, procedures to accurately compute suspended sediment size distributions from easily obtained river data are badly needed. In this study, techniques to predict the size of suspended sand are examined and their application to measuring concentrations using acoustic backscatter data are explored. Three methods to predict the size of sediment in suspension using bed sediment, flow criteria, and a modified form of the Rouse equation yielded mean suspended sediment sizes that differed from means of measured data by 7 to 50 percent. When one sample near the bed was used as a reference, mean error was reduced to about 5 percent. These errors in size determination translate into errors of 7 to 156 percent in the prediction of sediment concentration using backscatter data from 1 MHz single frequency acoustics. C1 [Kuhnle, R. A.; Wren, D. G.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Chambers, J. P.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rkuhnle@bellsouth.net NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 290RZ UT WOS:000255141200001 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Bingner, R Williams, R Lowrance, R Bosch, D Sheridan, J AF Yuan, Yongping Bingner, Ronald Williams, Randall Lowrance, Richard Bosch, David Sheridan, Joe TI Integration of the models of AnnAGNPS and REMM to assess riparian buffer system for sediment reduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; REMM; watershed modeling; riparian buffer systems; runoff; sediment simulation ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT MODEL; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; FOREST BUFFERS; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT; POLLUTION; GLEAMS; SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; COMPONENT AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) is used to help evaluate a watershed response to agricultural management practices to control,water quality. However, AnnAGNPS version 3.5 does not contain features to estimate the effect of a riparian buffer (RB) system on water quality. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) is used to simulate the impact of riparian buffer systems on water quality. However, frequently the lack of measured upland loadings that are required by REMM simulation limits the application of REMM. To address this data gap, a study was conducted to integrate AnnAGNPS with REMM for RB system simulation. AnnAGNPS was used to simulate water and sediment loadings from an upland field into a three-zone RB system at the Gibbs Farm located in the Georgia coastal plain. These AnnAGNPS outputs were used as the inputs to REMM. REMM was used to simulate water and sediment movement along the riparian buffers. The AnnAGNPS simulated amount of annual runoff at the edge of the field was close to observed amounts (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.92). It is believed that a substantial portion of sand was removed from the runoff one meter into the grass buffer where the samplers were located; therefore, sand was excluded from the AnnAGNPS simulation for comparison with observed sediment. Excluding sand, the AnnAGNPS predicted amount of annual sediment matches the observed amount fairly well (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.46). In addition, based on evaluating the percent reduction of sediment at each zonal interface, the AnnAGNPS/REMM model well simulated the function of the RB system to reduce sediment. C1 [Yuan, Yongping; Bingner, Ronald] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Williams, Randall] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Lowrance, Richard; Bosch, David; Sheridan, Joe] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM yyuan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; rbingner@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov; randy@tifton.usda.gov; lorenz@tifton.usda.gov; dbosch@tifton.usda.gov; sheridan@tifton.usda.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 290RZ UT WOS:000255141200006 ER PT J AU Sharpe, PA Blanck, HM Williams, JE Ainsworth, BE Conway, JM AF Sharpe, Patricia A. Blanck, Heidi M. Williams, Joel E. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Conway, Joan M. TI Use of complementary weight control and alternative medicine for in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; SURVEY/; HEALTH AB Objectives: The purpose was to assess the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight control. Design: A list-assisted random-digit-dialed telephone survey of adults was conducted in the fall of 2002 (n = 11,211). The focus of the study was complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, other than dietary supplements, in the previous 12 months. Settings/location: The sample of respondents was drawn from the total noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population residing in telephone-equipped locations. Subjects: The sampling procedures were designed to obtain adequate representation of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black respondents. Data from the total sample of 11,211 were weighted to achieve an estimate of the U.S. population. Analyses focused on 372 people who had used CAM within the previous 12 months. Results: Of the total, 3.3% (n = 372) had used a CAM therapy in the previous 12 months. Higher adjusted odds ratios for CAM use were found among respondents who were exercising for weight control; using a lower carbohydrate, higher protein diet; using a nonprescription weight-loss product(s); overweight; physically active; and not satisfied with one's body (adjusted for age, race, gender, education, and city size). The most often used therapies were yoga (57.4%), meditation (8.2%), acupuncture (7.7%), massage (7.5%), and Eastern martial arts (5.9%). CAM users used CAM therapies on their own (62.6%), in a group setting (26.8%) or with a CAM practitioner (10.6%). Conclusions: The use of CAM therapies other than dietary supplements for weight loss was relatively low. The most popular therapy was yoga, and the majority of CAM users used CAM therapies on their own. Persons who had used other weight loss methods had greater odds for using CAM in the previous 12 months, suggesting that CAM use is often added to other weight-loss strategies. C1 Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Sharpe, PA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 730 Devine St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM pasharpe@sc.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.6129 PG 6 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 151LS UT WOS:000245292400009 PM 17388764 ER PT J AU Pelaez, J Long, JA AF Pelaez, Jesus Long, Julie A. TI Characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: I. Identification and distribution of carbohydrate residues using flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Turkey; chicken; semen; glycoconjugate; lectin ID FOWL GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; LECTIN-BINDING; SPERM SURFACE; EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; LIGHT-MICROSCOPY; COCK SPERMATOZOA; SIALIC-ACID; CAPACITATION; MATURATION; FERTILITY AB The aim of the present work was to use a battery of lectins to 1) delineate the carbohydrate content of sperm glycocalyx in the turkey and chicken using flow cytometry analysis, and 2) evaluate the distribution of existing sugars over the sperm plasma membrane surface with epifluorescent microscopy. Carbohydrate groups (corresponding lectins) that were investigated included galactose (GS-I, Jacalin, RCA-I, PNA), glucose and/or mannose (Con A, PSA, GNA), N-acetyl-glucosamine (GS-II, s-WGA, STA), N-acetyl-galactosamine (SBA, WFA), fucose (Lotus, UEA-I), sialic acid (LFA, LPA), and N-acetyl-lactosamine (ECA). Spermatozoa were assessed before and after treatment with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid. Mean fluorescence intensity (MnFI) was used as indicator of lectin binding for flow cytometry analysis. Nontreated spermatozoa from both species showed high MnFI when incubated with RCA-I, Con A, LFA, and LPA, as did chicken spermatozoa incubated with s-WGA. Neuraminidase treatment increased the MnFI for most lectins except LFA and LPA, as expected. Differences in MnFI between species included higher values for s-WGA and ECA in chicken spermatozoa and for WFA in turkey spermatozoa. Microscopy revealed segregation of some sugar residues into membrane-specific domains; however, the 2 staining techniques (cell suspension vs fixed preparation) differed in identifying lectin binding patterns, with fixed preparations yielding a high degree of nonspecific binding. We conclude that 1) the glycocalyx of turkey and chicken spermatozoa contains a diversity of carbohydrate groups, 2) these residues are extensively masked by sialic acid, 3) the glycocalyx composition is species-specific, and 4) some glycoconjugates appear to be segregated into membrane-specific domains. Characterization of the poultry sperm glycocalyx is the first step in identifying the physiological impact of semen storage on sperm fucntion. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, BGL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, BGL, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 120, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JLONG@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.2164/jandrol.106.001073 PG 11 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 142AJ UT WOS:000244620400020 PM 17108364 ER PT J AU Perry, GA Smith, MF Roberts, AJ MacNeil, MD Geary, TW AF Perry, G. A. Smith, M. F. Roberts, A. J. MacNeil, M. D. Geary, T. W. TI Relationship between size of the ovulatory follicle and pregnancy success in beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; follicle size; pregnancy rate ID DAIRY-COWS; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; ESTROUS CYCLES; BOVINE OOCYTES; CATTLE; GNRH; ESTRUS; PROGESTERONE; RATES; SYNCHRONIZATION AB Previous research indicated that the size of the ovulatory follicle at the time of insemination significantly influenced pregnancy rates and embryonic/fetal mortality after fixed-timed AI in postpartum cows, but no effect on pregnancy rates was detected when cows ovulated spontaneously. Our objective was to evaluate relationships of fertility and embryonic/fetal mortality with preovulatory follicle size and circulating concentrations of estradiol after induced or spontaneous ovulation in beef heifers. Heifers were inseminated in 1 of 2 breeding groups: (1) timed insemination after an estrous synchronization and induced ovulation protocol (TAI n = 98); or (2) AI similar to 12 h after detection in standing estrus by electronic mount detectors during a 23-d breeding season (spontaneous ovulation; n = 110). Ovulatory follicle size at time of AI and pregnancy status 27, 41, 55, and 68 d after timed AI (d 0) were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Only 6 heifers experienced late embryonic or early fetal mortality. Interactions between breeding groups and follicle size did not affect pregnancy rate (P = 0.13). Pooled across breeding groups, logistic regression of pregnancy rate on follicle size was curvilinear (P < 0.01) and indicated a predicted maximum pregnancy rate of 68.0 +/- 4.9% at a follicle size of 12.8 mm. Ovulation of follicles <10.7 mm or >15.7 mm was less likely (P < 0.05) to support pregnancy than follicles that were 12.8 mm. Ovulatory follicles <10.7 mm were more prevalent (28% of heifers) than ovulatory follicles >15.7 mm (4%). Heifers exhibiting standing estrus within 24 h of timed AI had greater (P < 0.01) follicle diameter (12.2 +/- 0.2 nun vs. 11.1 +/- 0.3 mm.) and concentrations of estradiol (9.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.6 +/- 0.7) and pregnancy rates (63% vs. 20%) than contemporaries that did not exhibit behavioral estrus. However, when differences in ovulatory follicle size were accounted for, pregnancy rates were independent of expression of behavioral estrus or circulating concentration of estradiol. Therefore, the effects of serum concentrations of estradiol and behavioral estrus on pregnancy rate appear to be mediated through ovulatory follicle size, and management practices that optimize ovulatory follicle size may improve fertility. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM tom@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-519 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 156VO UT WOS:000245678200016 PM 17060416 ER PT J AU Mirando, MA AF Mirando, M. A. TI The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program in Animal Reproduction: Changes in priorities and scope relevant to United States animal agriculture SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2006 ADSA/ASAS Joint Annual Meeting CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN DE animal; aquaculture; competitive grant; federal funding; reproduction ID DAIRY-CATTLE AB The National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program is the USDA's major competitive grants program and is administered by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. The NRI was authorized by the US Congress in the 1990 Farm Bill at a funding level of $500 million; however, the maximal NRI appropriation was $181.17 million in fiscal year (FY) 2006. Across all programs, the NRI is mandated to use 40% of its funding to support mission-linked research. Since its inception in 1991, the NRI has funded competitive grants in the discipline of animal reproduction. Before 2004, the Animal Reproduction Program funded a broad range of projects encompassing almost every subdiscipline in reproductive biology of farm animals, including aquatic species important to the aquaculture industry and laboratory animals. During FY 2004, the NRI Animal Reproduction Program narrowed the focus of its funding priorities to 5 issue-based topics in an effort to make greater measurable improvements in a few high-impact areas over the next 10 years. Funding priorities were narrowed further in FY 2006 to 3 subdisciplines based, in part, on recommendations that emerged from a stakeholder workshop conducted by Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service in August 2004. In FY 2003, Congress authorized expenditure of up to 20% of the funds appropriated to the NRI to support projects that integrate at least 2 of the 3 functions of research, education, and extension. In FY 2004, the Animal Reproduction Program included a funding priority for integrated projects focused primarily on infertility in dairy cattle. The program funded its first integrated project in FY 2005. During FY 2002, increased emphasis on justification for the use of model systems ( e. g., laboratory animals and in vitro systems) was included in the NRI request for applications. In FY 2006, applications proposing to primarily utilize nonagricultural animal models were excluded from the program. Currently, all proposed studies must be thoroughly justified in terms of their relevance to US animal agriculture and to program priorities identified within the request for applications. C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Competit Programs Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Competit Programs Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mmirando@csrees.usda.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 SU 1 BP E11 EP E15 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-506 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 161JZ UT WOS:000246012500004 PM 17322121 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ AF Lehotay, Steven J. TI Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANALYTE PROTECTANTS; PRIORITY PESTICIDES; BABY FOODS; VEGETABLES; PERFORMANCE; MATRICES; FRUITS AB A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using a quick, simple, inexpensive, and effective sample preparation method followed by concurrent analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). For short, the method is known as QuEChERS, which stands for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe. Twenty representative pesticides were fortified in 3 matrixes (grapes, lettuces, and oranges) at 3 duplicate levels unknown to the collaborators ranging from 10 to 1000 ng/g. Additionally, 8 incurred pesticide residues were determined. Thirteen laboratories from 7 countries provided results in the study, and a variety of different instruments were used by collaborators. The QuEChERS procedure simply entails 3 main steps: (1) a 15 g homogenized sample is weighed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube to which 15 mL acetonitrile containing 1% HOAc is added along with 6 g MgSO4 and 1.5 g NaOAc, and the tube is shaken and centrifuged; (2) a portion of the extract is mixed with 3 + 1 (w/w) MgSO4-primary secondary amine sorbent (200 mg/mL extract) and centrifuged; and (3) the final extract is analyzed by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. To detect residues <10 ng/g in GC/MS, large-volume injection of 8 mu L is typically needed, or the extract can be concentrated to 4 g/mL in toluene, in which case 2 mu L splitless injection is used. In the study, the averaged results for data from 7-13 laboratories (not using internal standardization) for the 18 blind duplicates at the 9 spiking levels in the 3 matrixes are as follows [%recovery and reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR, %)]: atrazine, 92 (18); azoxystrobin, 93 (15); bifenthrin, 90 (16); carbaryl, 96 (20); chlorothalonil, 70 (34); chlorpyrifos, 89 (25); cyprodinil, 89 (19); o,p'-DDD, 89 (18); dichlorvos, 82 (21); endosulfan sulfate, 80 (27); imazalil, 77 (33); imidacloprid, 96 (16); linuron, 89 (19); methamidophos, 87 (17); methomyl, 96 (17); procymidone, 91 (20); pymetrozine, 69 (19); tebuconazole, 89 (15); tolylfluanid (in grapes and oranges), 68 (33); and trifluralin, 85 (20). For incurred pesticides, kresoxim-methyl (9.2 +/- 3.2 ng/g) and cyprodinil (112 +/- 18) were found in the grapes; permethrins (112 +/- 41)-cyhalothrin (58 +/- 11), and imidacloprid (12 +/- 2) were determined in the lettuces; and ethion (198 +/- 36), thiabendazole (53 +/- 8), and imazalil (13 +/- 4) were determined in the oranges. Chlorpyrifosmethyl (200 ng/g) was used as a quality control standard added during sample homogenization and yielded 86% recovery and 19% RSDR. Intralaboratory repeatabilities for the method averaged 9.8% RSD for all analytes. The results demonstrate that the method is fit-for- purpose to monitor many pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, and the Study Director recommends that it be adopted Official First Action. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 286 Z9 315 U1 11 U2 101 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 485 EP 520 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 158BO UT WOS:000245766100019 PM 17474521 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Aiken, GE Puchala, R Detweiler, G Krehbiel, CR Merkel, RC Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ AF Animut, G. Goetsch, A. L. Aiken, G. E. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Krehbiel, C. R. Merkel, R. C. Sahlu, T. Dawson, L. J. TI Effects of pasture inclusion of mimosa on growth by sheep and goats co-grazing grass/forb pastures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; sheep; mimosa; co-grazing ID 3 STOCKING RATES; ALBIZIA-JULIBRISSIN; MULTIPURPOSE TREES; WHEAT BRAN; FORAGE AB Effects of mimosa alley-cropped in grass/forb pastures on growth performance of co-grazing sheep and goat wethers were determined. Eighteen sheep (Katahdin) and eighteen goats (>= 75% Boer blood), with BW of 22+/-0.3 and 21+/-0.2 kg, respectively, and age of 4 to 5 months were used. Wethers grazed 0.4-ha pastures of grasses and forbs for 16 weeks. Three pastures with alley-cropped mimosa (W) and three without (WO) were divided into four paddocks for 2-week rotational grazing. Based on mimosa leaf mass at the beginning of grazing periods and animal days, daily consumption of mimosa leaf DM averaged 47 g per animal, although mimosa leaf harvest was complete long before the end of the grazing periods. Mimosa leaf samples averaged 2.81, 37.8, and 85.9% N, NDF and in vitro true DM digestibility (IVDMD), respectively. Forage mass (grass and forbs) was similar between treatments before (2928 and 2695 kg/ha) and after grazing (1507 and 1452 kg/ha) for WO and W, respectively. Pre-grazed forage concentrations of N (1.25 and 1.24%), NDF (64.5 and 63.8%) and IVDMD (52.9 and 56.2%) for WO and W, respectively, were similar between treatments, as was also true post-grazing. ADG was numerically greater (P=0.17) for W vs. WO (70 vs. 51 g/d; SE=7.7). In summary, alley-cropped mimosa increased nutritive value of the forage available for consumption. Nonetheless, mimosa had limited effect on growth performance of co-grazing sheep and goats perhaps because of decreasing mimosa leaf availability as 2-week grazing periods advanced or overall relatively low intake of mimosa leaf. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PI IZATNAGAR PA 151, JANAKPURI, IZATNAGAR 243 122, INDIA SN 0971-2119 J9 J APPL ANIM RES JI J. Appl. Anim. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 160HR UT WOS:000245932000001 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Lopez, MD Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC Dively, GP AF Prasifka, J. R. Lopez, M. D. Hellmich, R. L. Lewis, L. C. Dively, G. P. TI Comparison of pitfall traps and litter bags for sampling ground-dwelling arthropods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental design; power; corn; maize; Araneae; Coleoptera ID CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; COLEOPTERA; ABUNDANCE; DECOMPOSITION; POPULATIONS; SOIL; DIVERSITY; BEETLES; FORESTS; IMPACT AB For their simplicity and effectiveness, pitfall traps have become a standard technique to measure the activity and relative abundance of ground-dwelling arthropods. Permeable screen or mesh bags filled with plant material, referred to as litter bags, have also recently been employed as a complementary sampling technique for epigeal taxa. The anticipated need for increased field research on arthropod populations, particularly in transgenic crops with insecticidal properties, suggests that a relative assessment of both sampling methods could contribute to the design of future studies. Comparisons among pitfall traps, and litter bags placed above- or below-ground indicated that above-ground litter bags most frequently succeeded in collecting certain groups of arthropods associated with moisture and sheltered areas, including centipedes (Chilopoda) and beetle larvae (Carabidae, Staphylinidae). Conversely, pitfall traps most often captured taxa considered active at ground level, such as adult carabids or harvestmen (Opiliones). For taxa collected in > 40% of all three trap types, bootstrap confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation (CV; used to assess precision or sampling efficiency) showed that above-ground litter bags were significantly more precise than pitfall traps for sampling elongate springtails (Collembola) and adult rove beetles (Staphylinidae), but only during the first year of sampling. While below-ground litter bags often appeared similar to one or both of the other trap types, in no case were below-ground litter bags best based on frequency of collection or CV. Though differences were not always consistent between years, results suggest that the additional effort required to sample using litter bags may be justified for the collection of some ground-dwelling taxa. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Inescts & Grop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Inescts & Grop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 131 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01141.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143KO UT WOS:000244720300009 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW van der Pers, J Leonard, DS Sellers, P Mastro, VC Webb, RE Reardon, RC AF Thorpe, K. W. van der Pers, J. Leonard, D. S. Sellers, P. Mastro, V. C. Webb, R. E. Reardon, R. C. TI Electroantennogram measurements of atmospheric pheromone concentration after aerial and ground application of gypsy moth mating disruptants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; aerial application; disparlure; laminate flakes; mating disruption; microcapsules ID EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA LEPIDOPTERA; RACEMIC DISPARLURE; LYMANTRIIDAE; DENSITY; FIELD; FORMULATIONS; POPULATIONS; TORTRICIDAE; VOLATILES; RESPONSES AB A portable electroantennogram (EAG) sensor was used to measure relative atmospheric pheromone concentration in forest plots treated with aerial and ground applications of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae), mating-disruption formulations. Five treatments (Disrupt II flakes with sticker, Disrupt II flakes without sticker, Disrupt II flakes in a sticker slurry, microcapsules and hand-applied Luretape), all applied at 75 g active ingredient per hectare and an untreated control were evaluated. Gypsy moth male catch in pheromone-baited traps and fertilization of deployed females were suppressed in all treatments, and no females deployed in treated plots produced more than 5% fertile eggs. Relative pheromone concentrations were significantly higher in the two treatments in which flakes were aerially applied with sticker and in the microcapsule treatment. Pheromone concentration measurements in the flakes without sticker and hand-applied treatments were not significantly different from those in the control. Mating success was negatively correlated with relative pheromone concentration. The ability of the EAG to detect differences in pheromone concentration that are correlated with mating success suggests that this could be a useful method for predicting the effectiveness of mating-disruption treatments. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Harrisonburg, VA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011 A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thorpek@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 131 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01151.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 143KO UT WOS:000244720300014 ER PT J AU Prabha, TV Leclerc, MY Karipot, A Hollinger, DY AF Prabha, Thara V. Leclerc, Monique Y. Karipot, Anandakumar Hollinger, David Y. TI Low-frequency effects on eddy covariance fluxes under the influence of a low-level jet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; WAVELET ANALYSIS; FOREST CANOPY; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; VEGETATION CANOPIES; COHERENT STRUCTURES; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB Turbulent bursts observed over a tall forest canopy during the initiation of a nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) are studied with the help of wavelet analysis. The burst of turbulence is observed in response to a shear instability associated with the initiation of LLJ. Turbulent kinetic energy, momentum, and CO2-rich cold air are transferred downward by large eddies with length scales that are higher than the LLJ height. Micro-fronts are observed over the canopy as a secondary instability that enhances the mixing processes within and above the canopy. The scale-dependent wavelet correlation analysis reveals that countergradient fluxes result from low frequencies, whereas cogradient flux is associated with high-frequency turbulent motions. The countergradient flux is initially noted at low frequencies, and, through coherent motions, it is transferred to smaller scales with a nearly 20-min delay. The countergradient flux dominates at the initiation of the event and reduces net flux, whereas enhanced cogradient flux at the decay of the event increases the net flux. The wavelet correlation coefficient corresponding to cogradient and countergradient fluxes is applied to segregate three regions of the spectra corresponding to "turbulent," "coherent," and "noncoherent" large scales. These findings are used to examine the implications on eddy covariance flux measurements. C1 Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Biometeorol Program, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. ARS, USDA, Durham, NH USA. RP Leclerc, MY (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Biometeorol Program, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mleclerc@uga.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 338 EP 352 DI 10.1175/JAM2461.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155RP UT WOS:000245595900006 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R AF Reynnells, R. TI Washington update SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare and behavior; multistate research committee; Support Personnel Award; meeting; portfolio evaluation AB Theresia LaVergne was the recipient of the 2006 Poultry Extension Special Recognition Award for her exceptional contributions to regional and national extension programs. A new responsibility for national program leaders is being named as co-liaison to one or more land-grant universities. Continuing responsibilities include: departmental review team leader; liaison to several multistate research committees; review of grant proposals, plans of work and accomplishment reports, and Hatch projects; and evaluate Current Research Information System reports. The National Extension Workshop has been possible only through the dedicated efforts of volunteers. The Future Trends in Animal Agriculture 2006 symposium was "Addressing International Trade Complexities of Animal Welfare." The 2005 Triennial Poultry Extension Workshop was considered very successful, with the next workshop to be held in 2009. The National Poultry Waste Management Symposium coordinator for 2006 was Susan Watkins, University of Arkansas, with Casey Ritz (GA) the coordinator for 2008. The USDA grants, deadlines, and procedure can be found on the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Web site ( http://www.csrees.usda.gov). The Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Plant and Animal Systems Unit now has yearly internal reviews of their various portfolios. Program accountability requires documentation by everyone. Michigan State University and Purdue University are providing leadership in several animal welfare educational areas, including assessment and distance education programs. Coordination of the Animal Welfare Assessment Contest will be at Michigan State University for the next few years. Tyson Foods has taken over sponsorship of the Poultry Science Association Support Personnel Award, beginning in 2006 with Karen Schwean-Lardner of the University of Saskatchewan as the 2006 recipient. Cooperation, networking, teamwork, and participation in multistate research committees are essential to the ability of extension personnel to continue to make meaningful contributions to the poultry system. C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Plant & Anim Syst Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, R (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Plant & Anim Syst Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rreynnells@csrees.usda.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PH UT WOS:000252810500009 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM AF Darwish, Ahmed M. TI Laboratory efficacy of florfenicol against Streptococcus iniae infection in sunshine bass SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ORALLY-ADMINISTERED FLORFENICOL; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; FURUNCULOSIS AB An experimental feeding trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of florfenicol (FFC) in controlling Streptococcus iniae infection in sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops X male striped bass M. saxatilis). Five dosage levels of FFC in medicated feed were administered daily: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg of active ingredient/kg of fish body weight. Treatment was started within 22-24 h postchallenge by waterborne exposure to virulent S. iniae. The FFC medication was continued for 10 consecutive days, followed by a 25-d posttreatment observation. At the conclusion of the experiment, FFC treatment significantly increased the survival of S. iniae-challenged sunshine bass from 4.2% in the nonmedicated (positive control) group to 69.2% in the 5-mg/kg dosage group, 86.7% in the 10-mg/kg group, and 94.2% in the 15- and 30-mg/kg groups. Survival was significantly higher in the 15- and 30-mg/kg treatment groups than in the 5-mg/kg treatment group; differences among the 10-mg/kg and higher dosage groups were not significant. Survival curve analysis using a log-rank test indicated no significant difference between curves for the 10- and 15-mg/kg groups but a significant difference between curves for the 5- and 10-mg/kg groups. At the end of the experiment, no carriers were detected in any challenged group receiving an FFC-medicated diet, but the bacterium was recovered from the nonmedicated challenged survivors of the infection. The results of the experiment suggest that the optimum therapeutic daily dose of FFC is between 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight for 10 d. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1577/H05-057.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 167QT UT WOS:000246466900001 PM 18236626 ER PT J AU Arias, CR Olivares-Fuster, O Hayden, K Shoemaker, CA Grizzle, JM Klesius, PH AF Arias, Cova R. Olivares-Fuster, Oscar Hayden, Karl Shoemaker, Craig A. Grizzle, John M. Klesius, Phillip H. TI First report of Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 in the USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; STRAINS; FISH; BACTERIUM; WALBAUM; DISEASE AB A polyphasic characterization of atypical isolates of Yersinia ruckeri (causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in trout) obtained from hatchery-reared brown trout Salmo trutta in South Carolina was performed. The Y. ruckeri isolates were biochemically and genetically distinct from reference cultures, including the type strain, but were unequivocally ascribed to the species Y. ruckeri, based on API 20E, VITEK, fatty acid methyl ester profiles, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These isolates were nonmotile and unable to hydrolyze Tween 20/80 and were therefore classified as Y. ruckeri biotype 2. Genetic fingerprint typing of the isolates via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (amplified by polymerase chain reaction) and fragment length polymorphism showed biotype 2 as a homogeneous group distinguishable from other Y. ruckeri isolates. This is the first report of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 in the USA. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Arias, CR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ariascr@acesag.auburn.edu NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1577/H06-011.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 167QT UT WOS:000246466900005 PM 18236630 ER PT J AU Huang, YB Lan, YB Hoffmann, WC Lacey, RE AF Huang, Yan-bo Lan, Yu-bin Hoffmann, W. C. Lacey, R. E. TI Multisensor data fusion for high quality data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation SO JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multisensor data fusion; artificial neural networks; NDI; food quality and safety characterization; precision agriculture AB Multisensor data fusion (MDF) is an emerging technology to fuse data from multiple sensors in order to make a more accurate estimation of the environment through measurement and detection. Applications of MDF cross a wide spectrum in military and civilian areas. With the rapid evolution of computers and the proliferation of micro-mechanical/electrical systems sensors, the utilization of MDF is being popularized in research and applications. This paper focuses on application of MDF for high quality data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation. A practical, general data fusion scheme was established on the basis of feature extraction and merge of data from multiple sensors. This scheme integrates artificial neural networks for high performance pattern recognition. A number of successful applications in areas of NDI (Non-Destructive Inspection) corrosion detection, food quality and safety characterization, and precision agriculture are described and discussed in order to motivate new applications in these or other areas. This paper gives an overall picture of using the MDF method to increase the accuracy of data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation in different areas of applications. C1 [Huang, Yan-bo; Lan, Yu-bin; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lacey, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Huang, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM yhuang@sparc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6529 J9 J BIONIC ENG JI J. Bionic Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S1672-6529(07)60013-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 291RS UT WOS:000255215100008 ER PT J AU Burge, R Dawson-Hughes, B Solomon, DH Wong, JB King, A Tosteson, A AF Burge, Russel Dawson-Hughes, Bess Solomon, Daniel H. Wong, John B. King, Alison Tosteson, Anna TI Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; epidemiology; fractures; health services and economics; race/ethnicity ID WOMEN AGED 45; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; NONVERTEBRAL FRACTURES; COSTS; RISEDRONATE; TRIAL; RISK; REDUCTION; DIAGNOSIS; OLDER AB This study predicts the burden of incident osteoporosis-related fractures and costs in the United States, by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and fracture type, from 2005 to 2025. Total fractures were > 2 million, costing nearly $17 billion in 2005. Men account for > 25% of the burden. Rapid growth in the disease burden is projected among nonwhite populations. C1 Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut & Personal Hlth, Mason, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Pharm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pharmacoepidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Clin Decis Making, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. RP King, A (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, POB 191, Norwich, NY 13815 USA. EM king.ab@pg.com FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12262]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-48616, AR048094] NR 34 TC 1206 Z9 1261 U1 19 U2 102 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 465 EP 475 DI 10.1359/JBMR.061113 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 142AA UT WOS:000244619400015 PM 17144789 ER PT J AU Prelack, K Dwyer, J Dallal, GE Rand, WM Yu, YM Kehayias, JJ Antoon, A Sheridan, RL AF Prelack, Kathy Dwyer, Johanna Dallal, Gerry E. Rand, William M. Yu, Yong-Ming Kehayias, Joseph J. Antoon, Alia Sheridan, Robert L. TI Growth deceleration and restoration after serious burn injury SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATCH-UP GROWTH; VITAMIN-D; CHILDREN; DEPLETION; DELAY AB There is a common perception that burned children are at risk for growth deceleration. However, because the prevalence, duration, and degree of this stereotypic growth are poorly described, making informed decisions about treatment is difficult. This article describes the natural history of growth after burn injury, according to the findings of a retrospective review conducted in a regional pediatric burn center. The study population comprised children younger than 13 years at the time of injury, who survived. burns involving 2 +/- 30% TBSA. Main outcome measures were height and weight; values obtained upon admission for burn injury and at all subsequent hospital admissions were converted to height-for-age and weight-for-age Z scores with use of a reference standard. Z scores were then used to determine whether baseline height and weight status (according to initial admission data) were recouped after burn injury. Medical records of 159 patients (2910 admissions) were reviewed. Children with massive burns (>= 50% TBSA) had height-for-age Z scores that were significantly below their baseline average for all years studied (mean fall in Zscore units of 0.50-0.76; P < .0001). This decline in height-for-age Z scores represented a deficit of 1.6 to 5.8 cm. Seventeen patients (11%) had height-for-age Z scores consistent with stunting. Weight-for-age Z scores were not statistically lower than the reference standard, except for patients with massive burns up to 1.5 years post-burn. In our population of burned children, only massively burned children demonstrated a decline in stature. The decline for most was modest. C1 Shriners Hosp Children, Nutr Support, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Prelack, K (reprint author), Shriners Hosp Children, Nutr Support, 51 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1097/BCR.0B013E318031A183 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 142BF UT WOS:000244622800010 PM 17351443 ER PT J AU Blechl, A Lin, J Nguyen, S Chan, R Anderson, OD Dupont, FM AF Blechl, Ann Lin, Jeanie Nguyen, Son Chan, Ronald Anderson, Olin D. Dupont, Frances M. TI Transgenic wheats with elevated levels of Dx5 and/or Dy10 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits yield doughs with increased mixing strength and tolerance SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transgenic; Triticum aestivum; gluten polymer ID HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; UBIQUITIN PROMOTER; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BAKING PROPERTIES; D-GENOME; GENES; EXPRESSION; LINES AB To test the effects of independently increasing the in vivo levels of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) Dx5 and Dy10 on wheat flour properties, we increased the copy numbers of their corresponding genes by genetic transformation. Thirteen transformants with increases in one or both subunits were chosen for biochemical and functional characterization by solvent fractionation, RP-HPLC, SIDS-sedimentation, and micro-mixing. Increases in Dx5 and Dy10 contents ranged from 1.4- to 3.5-fold and 1.2- to 5.4-fold, respectively, and generally resulted in increased polymeric protein, increased mixing times and tolerances, and lower peak resistances. Increases in Dx5 content had larger effects on most parameters than comparable increases in Dy10. Flours with more than 2.6-times the native levels of Dx5 could not be mixed under standard 2-g mixograph conditions, while flours with 5.4 times the native levels of Dy10 could be mixed if sufficient time was allowed. Increases in Dx5 and DyIO had additive effects on mixing behavior. These experiments demonstrate that dough mixing strength and tolerance can be increased by raising the levels of native HMW-GS Dx5 or DY10, but that the effects of the two subunits are quantitatively and qualitatively different. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Blechl, A (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ablechl@pw.usda.gov NR 45 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.07.009 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 142KU UT WOS:000244649300007 ER PT J AU Patindol, JA Gonzalez, BC Wang, YJ McClung, AM AF Patindol, James A. Gonzalez, Blanca C. Wang, Ya-Jane McClung, Anna M. TI Starch fine structure and physicochemical properties of specialty rice for canning SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE specialty rice; canning; starch structure; amylopectin; amylose ID LONG-GRAIN RICE; AMYLOSE CONTENT; PASTING PROPERTIES; PARBOILED RICE; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOPECTIN; TEXTURE; FUNCTIONALITY; EXTRACTION; CULTIVARS AB The long-grain, specialty rice cultivars, Bolivar, Cheniere, Dixiebelle, and L-205 are used for wet-pack canning,These cultivars have similar apparent amylose content but showed differences in canning, pasting, and gelatinization properties. Starch fine structures were analyzed to rationalize observed differences in functionality. Cheniere amylopectin had the lowest weight-average molar mass (M,,), shortest average chain length (CL), smallest z-average radius of gyration (R-z), lowest proportion of long chains (DP 37-65), and highest polydispersity; while its amylose had the largest M-w and R-z These structural features were associated with more leached solids in the canning broth, lower volume expansion, lower peak and final viscosity, and lower gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Bolivar amylopectin had the largest M-w longest average CL, largest R-z, highest proportion of long chains (DP 25-65), and lowest proportion of short chains (DP 6-12); while its amylose had the smallest Mw and lowest polydispersity. These structures were associated with lower levels of leached solids, higher volume expansion, and higher peak and final viscosity. L-205 was similar to Bolivar in most structural and functional properties; those of Dixiebelle were either comparable to Bolivar or intermediate to Bolivar and Cheniere. These findings point to the importance of the molar mass of amylopectin and the proportion of long and short chains on the canning stability of rice. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM yjwang@uark.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.08.004 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 142KU UT WOS:000244649300010 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, Jian TI Qualitative analysis of red imported fire ant nests constructed in silica gel SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta Buren; nest; cuticular hydrocarbons; venom alkaloids; organic acids; amino acids; phosphoric acid; glycerol ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; SOIL; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX AB Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, build nests by excavating soil. Incorporation of ant-derived chemicals in nesting material has long been known; however, only a few chemicals have been identified. This paucity of identified ant-derived chemicals may be due to the interference from soil-borne compounds in chemical analysis. In the laboratory, red imported fire ants were able to build their nest using moistened silica gel as the only building material. This provided an opportunity to establish a profile of ant-derived chemicals in nest material without the presence of any soil-borne artifacts. A new method for profiling ant-derived chemicals in nest material by using GC-MS was developed. All nests contained cuticular hydrocarbons and venom alkaloids. Phosphoric acid, glycerol, lactic acid, and malonic acid also were identified from samples collected from the silica gel nest. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jianchen@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 631 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9249-y PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137MJ UT WOS:000244296400015 PM 17252210 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Brito, AF Colmenero, JJO AF Broderick, G. A. Brito, A. F. Colmenero, J. J. Olmos TI Effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE production; silage; nitrogen utilization; dairy cow ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; SITU DRY-MATTER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; PURINE DERIVATIVES; FIBER DEGRADATION; INTERNAL MARKERS; DIFFERENT DIETS; LEGUME SILAGES; SOLE FORAGE; GRASS AB In trial 1, 15 Holsteins were fed 3 total mixed rations (TMR) with 33% neutral detergent fiber in 3 x 3 Latin squares (28-d periods). Two TMR contained (dry matter basis): 40% control alfalfa silage (CAS) or 40% ammonium tetraformate-treated alfalfa silage (TAS), 20% corn silage (CS), 33% high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC), 6% solvent soybean meal (SSBM), and 18% crude protein (CP); the third TMR contained 54% red clover silage (RCS), 6% dried molasses, 33% HMSC, 6% SSBM, and 16.3% CP. Silages differed in nonprotein N (NPN) and acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN; % of total N): 50 and 4%(CAS); 45 and 3%(TAS); 27 and8%(RCS). Replacing CAS with TAS increased intake, yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, protein, and solids-not-fat, and apparent dry matter and N efficiency. Replacing CAS with RCS increased intake and N efficiency but not milk yield. Replacing CAS or TAS with RCS lowered milk urea N, increased apparent nutrient digestibility, and diverted N excretion from urine to feces. In trial 2, 24 Holsteins (8 ruminally cannulated) were fed 4 TMR in 4 x 4 Latin squares (28-d periods). Diets included the CAS, TAS, and RCS (RCS1) fed in trial 1 plus an immature RCS (RCS2; 29% NPN, 4% ADIN). The CAS, TAS, and RCS2 diets contained 36% HMSC and 3% SSBM and the RCS1 diet contained 31% HMSC and 9% SSBM. All TMR had 50% legume silage, 10% CS, 27% neutral detergent fiber, and 17 to 18% CP. Little difference was observed between cows fed CAS and TAS. Intakes of DM and yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat, and milk fat and protein content were greater on alfalfa silage vs. RCS. Blood urea N, milk urea N, ruminal ammonia, and total urinary N excretion were reduced on RCS, suggesting better N utilization on the lower NPN silage. Apparent N efficiency tended to be higher for cows fed RCS but there was no difference when N efficiency was expressed as kilograms of milk yield per kilogram of total N excreted. C1 USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1378 EP 1391 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 135SH UT WOS:000244172800030 PM 17297112 ER PT J AU Brito, AF Broderick, GA Colmenero, JJO Reynal, SM AF Brito, A. F. Broderick, G. A. Colmenero, J. J. Olmos Reynal, S. M. TI Effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silage nonprotein nitrogen; omasal flow; microbial protein synthesis; dairy cow ID AMINO-ACIDS; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PARTICULATE-PHASE; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; DUODENAL FLOW; PURINE-BASES; DIGESTA-FLOW; DRY-MATTER; RUMEN AB Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein N (NPN) content of alfalfa silage (AS) and red clover silage (RCS) on omasal nutrient flows. Diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control AS (CAS), ammonium tetraformate-treated AS (TAS), late maturity RCS (RCS1), or early maturity RCS (RCS2). Silages differed in NPN and acid detergent insoluble N (% of total N): 50 and 4% (CAS); 45 and 3% (TAS); 27 and 8% (RCS1); 29 and 4% (RCS2). The CAS, TAS, and RCS2 diets had 36% high-moisture shelled corn and 3% soybean meal, and the RCS1 diet had 31% high-moisture shelled corn and 9% soybean meal. All diets contained 10% corn silage, 27% neutral detergent fiber, and 17 to 18% crude protein. Compared with RCS, feeding AS increased the supply of rumen-degraded protein and omasal flows of nonammonia N and microbial protein, which may explain the improved milk yield observed in the companion lactation trial. However, omasal flow of rumen-undegraded protein was 34% greater on RCS. Except for Arg, omasal flows of individual AA, branched-chain AA, nonessential AA, essential AA, and total AA did not differ between cows fed AS vs. RCS. Within AS diets, no differences in omasal AA flows were observed. However, omasal flows of Asp, Ser, Glu, Cys, Val, Ile, Tyr, Lys, total nonessential AA, and total AA all were higher in cows fed RCS1 vs. cows fed RCS2. In this trial, there was no advantage to reducing NPN content of hay-crop silage. C1 USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1392 EP 1404 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 135SH UT WOS:000244172800031 PM 17297113 ER PT J AU Miller, RH Norman, HD Kuhn, MT Clay, JS Hutchison, JL AF Miller, R. H. Norman, H. D. Kuhn, M. T. Clay, J. S. Hutchison, J. L. TI Voluntary waiting period and adoption of synchronized breeding in dairy herd improvement herds SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE voluntary waiting period; days to first service; synchronization; timed artificial insemination ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; CONCEPTION RATES; MILK-PRODUCTION; COWS; OVULATION; ESTRUS; MANAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY; OVSYNCH AB Voluntary waiting period and adoption of synchronized breeding ( ovulation synchronization followed by timed artificial insemination) were characterized from 33 million services of Holsteins and Jerseys in Dairy Herd Improvement herds. Calving month, calving year, and parity had large effects on days to first service for both breeds. Holstein cows that calved during March and April were bred later than those that calved during other months ( February and March for Jerseys), whereas cows that calved during September and October were bred earlier. First-parity cows had longer days to first service than did second-parity cows. Herdyear voluntary waiting period was measured as the days postpartum by which 10% of cows had received a first insemination. Median days to reach 10% of cows bred were 55.5 d. Over 65% of herds had 10% of cows inseminated by 60 d postpartum, the voluntary waiting period assumed for national evaluations for daughter pregnancy rate. Herd- years with synchronized breeding at first insemination were identified through 2 analysis based on deviation of observed frequency of first inseminations by day of the week from an expected equal frequency and by the maximum percentage of cows inseminated on a particular day of the week. Herds that were identified as having synchronized breeding had fewer days to first service ( 17.0), more services (0.16/cow), and fewer days open (9.1) than did herds that were classified as having traditional estrus detection. Synchronized herds also had a standard deviation for days to first service that was only 38% as large as that for herds that bred on observed estrus. Adoption of synchronized breeding for first services steadily increased from 1.9% of herd-years (2% of cows) for 1996 to 19.9% of herd-years (34.9% of cows) for 2005. Procedures for genetic evaluation of daughter pregnancy rate should be examined to determine if herd regimen for reproductive management affects results. C1 USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dairy Records Management Syst, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Miller, RH (reprint author), USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM millerrh@juno.com NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1594 EP 1606 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 135SH UT WOS:000244172800051 PM 17297133 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Hunt, PG AF Ro, K. S. Hunt, P. G. TI Characteristic wind speed distributions and reliability of the logarithmic wind profile SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE wind speed; surface roughness; pollution ID GAS TRANSFER; STATISTICS; LAKES AB Wind produces turbulence facilitating the exchange of pollutants and other environmentally important trace gases such as oxygen and greenhouse gases between stationary water bodies and the atmosphere. Whereas wind speeds continuously vary, different wind speed monitoring and characterization procedures have been used for the gas exchange studies. We assessed the impact of measurement time intervals, logarithmic wind speed profiles, and surface roughness values on wind characterizations. The Weibull probability density function effectively characterized yearly and seasonal wind speed distributions. It was not affected by various averaging lime intervals (1-60 min). However, averaging time interval of < 10 min was necessary for reliable characterizations of shorter-periods (< 3-5 days). Vertical wind speed variations were effectively described by logarithmic profile irrespective of atmospheric stability conditions. Interestingly, use of the logarithmic profile allowed the actual U-10 to be predicted with reasonable accuracy for a wide range of surface roughness values. This was true under all stability conditions. Thus, small time intervals and the logarithmic profile appear to be very robust and widely useful techniques. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:3(313) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137HM UT WOS:000244283700008 ER PT J AU Hong, N Scharf, PC Davis, JG Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA AF Hong, Nan Scharf, Peter C. Davis, J. Glenn Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. TI Economically optimal nitrogen rate reduces soil residual nitrate SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CORN; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; HYPOXIA; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; YIELD AB Post-harvest residual soil NO3-N (RSN) is susceptible to transfer to water resources. Practices that minimize RSN levels can reduce N loss to the environment. Our objectives were (i) to determine if the RSN after corn (Zea mays L.) harvest can be reduced if N fertilizer is applied at the economically optimal N rate (EONR) as compared to current producer practices in the midwestern USA and (ii) to compare RSN levels for N fertilizer rates below, at, and above the EONR. Six experiments were conducted in producer fields in three major soil areas (Mississippi Delta alluvial, deep loess, claypan) in Missouri over 2 yr. Predominant soil great groups were Albaqualfs, Argiudolls' Haplaquolls, and Fluvaquents. At four transects in each field, six treatment N rates from 0 to 280 kg N ha(-1) were applied, the EONR was determined, and the RSN was measured to a 0.9-m depth from five treatment plots. The EONR at sampling sites varied from 49 to 228 kg N ha(-1) depending on site and year. Estimated average RSN at the EONR was 33 kg N ha(-1) in the 0.9-m profile. This was at least 12 kg N ha(-1) lower than RSN at the producers' N rates. The RSN increased with increasing Delta EONR (total N applied - EONR). This relationship was best modeled by a plateau-linear function, with a low RSN plateau at N rates well below the EONR. A linear increase in RSN began anywhere from 65 kg N ha(-1) below the EONR to 20 kg N ha(-1) above the EONR at the three sites with good data resolution near the EONR. Applying N rates in excess of the EONR produced elevated RSN values in all six experiments. Our results suggest that applying the EONR will produce environmental benefits in an economically sound manner, and that continued attempts to develop methods for accurately predicting EONR are justified. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NRCS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hong, N (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM hongn@missouri.edu NR 32 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0173 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147BV UT WOS:000244979300002 PM 17255622 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Plumstead, PW Maguire, RO Kwanyuen, P Brake, J AF Leytem, A. B. Plumstead, P. W. Maguire, R. O. Kwanyuen, P. Brake, J. TI What aspect of dietary modification in broilers controls litter water-soluble phosphorus: Dietary phosphorus, phytase, or calcium? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID; ANIMAL MANURES; AMENDED SOILS; TURKEY DIETS; RUNOFF; SUPPLEMENTATION; POULTRY; SOLUBILITY; FORMS; SPECIATION AB Environmental concerns about phosphorus (P) losses from animal agriculture have led to interest in dietary strategies to reduce the concentration and solubility of P in manures and litters. To address the effects of dietary available phosphorus (AvP), calcium (Ca), and phytase on P excretion in broilers, 18 dietary treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design to each of four replicate pens of 28 broilers from 18 to 42 d of age. Treatments consisted of three levels of AvP (3.5, 3.0, and 2.5 g kg(-1)) combined with three levels of Ca (8.0, 6.9, and 5.7 g kg(-1)) and two levels of phytase (0 and 600 phytase units [FTU]). Phytase was added at the expense of 1.0 g kg(-1) P from dicalcium phosphate. Fresh litter was collected from pens when the broilers were 41 d of age and analyzed for total P, soluble P, and phytate P as well as P composition by 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that the inclusion of phytase at the expense of inorganic P or reductions in AvP decreased litter total P by 28 to 43%. Litter water-soluble P (WSP) decreased by up to 73% with an increasing dietary Ca/AvP ratio, irrespective of phylase addition. The ratio of WSP/total P in liner decreased as the dietary Ca/AvP ratio increased and was greater in the phytase-amended diets. This study indicated that while feeding reduced AvP diets with phytase decreased litter total P, the ratio of Ca/AvP in the diet was primarily responsible for effects on WSP. This is important from an environmental perspective as the amount of WSP in litter could be related to potential for off-site P losses following land application of litter. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Virginia Tech, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dep 0404, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0334 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147BV UT WOS:000244979300013 PM 17255633 ER PT J AU Larose, M Heathman, GC Norton, LD Engel, B AF Larose, M. Heathman, G. C. Norton, L. D. Engel, B. TI Hydrologic and atrazine simulation of the Cedar Creek Watershed using the SWAT model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; RIVER BASIN; AREA AB One of the major factors contributing to surface water contamination in agricultural areas is the use of pesticides. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a hydrologic model capable of simulating the fate and transport of pesticides in an agricultural watershed. The SWAT model was used in this study to estimate stream flow and atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) losses to surface water in the Cedar Creek Watershed (CCW) within the St. Joseph River Basin in northeastern Indiana. Model calibration and validation periods consisted of five and two year periods, respectively. The National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS) 2001 land cover classification and the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database were used as model input data layers. Data from the St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative and the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Allen, Dekalb, and Noble counties were used to represent agricultural practices in the watershed which included the type of crops grown, tillage practices, fertilizer, and pesticide application rates. Model results were evaluated based on efficiency coefficient values, standard statistical measures, and -visual inspection of the measured and simulated hydrographs. The Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients (ENS) for monthly and daily stream flow calibration and validation ranged from 0.51 to 0.66. The ENS values for atrazine calibration and validation ranged from 0.43 to 0.59. All ENS values were within the range of acceptable model performance standards. The results of this study indicate that the model is an effective tool in capturing the dynamics of stream flow and atrazine concentrations on a large-scale agricultural watershed in the midwestern USA. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gheathman@purdue.edu NR 43 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 521 EP 531 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0154 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147BV UT WOS:000244979300020 PM 17332256 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Dubey, JP Fair, P Bossart, GD AF Fayer, R. Santin, M. Dubey, J. P. Fair, P. Bossart, G. D. TI Protist parasites in bottle-nosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida and South Carolina. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 39S EP 39S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600115 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Ortega, Y He, G Das, P Zhang, X Fayer, R Gatei, W Cama, V Xiao, L AF Feng, Y. Ortega, Y. He, G. Das, P. Zhang, X. Fayer, R. Gatei, W. Cama, V. Xiao, L. TI Wide occurrence of Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Rajendra Mem Res Inst Med Sci, Patna, Bihar, India. Jilin Univ, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 39S EP 39S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600116 ER PT J AU Li, X Fayer, R AF Li, X. Fayer, R. TI Infectivity of microsporidian spores after exposure to temperature extremes and chemical disinfectants. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 2 BP 46S EP 46S PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 151TB UT WOS:000245312600142 ER PT J AU Hayward, SAL Rinehart, JP Sandro, LH Lee, RE Denlinger, DL AF Hayward, Scott A. L. Rinehart, Joseph P. Sandro, Luke H. Lee, Richard E., Jr. Denlinger, David L. TI Slow dehydration promotes desiccation and freeze tolerance in the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation; freezing tolerance; heat-shock proteins; Chironomidae; polar insects ID COLLEMBOLAN ONYCHIURUS-ARCTICUS; SHOCK-PROTEIN TRANSCRIPT; WATER-VAPOR ABSORPTION; FLESH FLY PUPAE; COLD-TOLERANCE; HEAT-SHOCK; ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY; OVERWINTERING STRATEGIES; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; ALASKOZETES-ANTARCTICUS AB Adaptations to low moisture availability are arguably as important as cold resistance for polar terrestrial invertebrates, especially because water, in the form of ice, is biologically inaccessible for much of the year. Desiccation responses under ecologically realistic soil humidity conditions-those close to the wilting points of plants [98.9% relative humidity (RH)]-have not previously been examined in polar insect species. In the current study we show that, when desiccated at 98.2% RH, larvae of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica are more tolerant of dehydration than larvae desiccated at lower humidities (75% RH), and develop an increased tolerance to freezing. The slow rate of desiccation at this high RH enabled more than 50% of larvae to survive the loss of > 75% of their osmotically active water (OAW). Survival rates were further increased when rehydration was performed at 100% RH, rather than by direct contact with water. Two days at 98.2% RH resulted in a similar to 30% loss of OAW, and dramatically increased the freeze tolerance of larvae to -10 and -15 degrees C. The supercooling point of animals was not significantly altered by this desiccation treatment, and all larvae were frozen at -10 degrees C. This is the first evidence of desiccation increasing the freeze tolerance of a polar terrestrial arthropod. Maximum water loss and body fluid osmolality were recorded after 5 days at 98.2% RH, but osmolality values returned to predesiccated levels following just 1 h of rehydration in water, well before all the water lost through desiccation had been replenished. This suggests active removal of osmolytes from the extracellular fluids during the desiccation process, presumably to intracellular compartments. Heat-shock proteins appear not to contribute to the desiccation tolerance we observed in B. antarctica. Instead, we suggest that metabolite synthesis and membrane phospholipid adaptation are likely to be the underpinning physiological mechanisms enhancing desiccation and cold tolerance in this species. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Hayward, SAL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM salh@liv.ac.uk NR 57 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 20 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 5 BP 836 EP 844 DI 10.1242/jeb.02714 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 142EU UT WOS:000244633000018 PM 17297143 ER PT J AU Mustafa, O Brendan, M Pei, C AF Mustafa, Ozcan Brendan, McAuley Pei, Chen TI Comparison of the terpene lactones and flavonols contents in G-biloba commercial samples and the NIST standard reference materials using LC/UV/MS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ginkgo biloba; HPLC; UV; MS; flavonols; terpene lactones ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GINKGO-BILOBA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CEREBRAL INSUFFICIENCY; TRILACTONES; EXTRACTION AB The leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba has purported value for improving mental capacities in Alzheimer's patients. The flavonols and the terpene lactones are considered to be the two major groups of active components that influence human health. Almost all the clinical studies regarding G. Biloba were using either EGb 761((R)), a proprietary extract of G. Biloba leaves, or an extract prepared according to the standard set by it. Consequently, most of the commercial G. Biloba products were labeled with their content accordingly. This paper studied the compositions of both flavonols and terpene lactones of seven commercially available G. Biloba products and three standard reference materials (SRM 3246 G. Biloba leaves, SRM 3:247 G. Biloba extract, and SRM 3248 G. Biloba tablet) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In this study, a chromatographic method with UV and mass spectroscopic detection was employed for the determination of the compositions of flavonols and the terpene lactones in Ginkgo products using gradient reversed-phase HPLC. Methanol-water (1:1) extracts of terpene lactones and flavonols out of G. Biloba products and NIST SRMs were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. While the relative compositions of the flavonol glycosides were similar for the NIST SRMs, those for the commercial G. Biloba products varied significantly. The relative concentrations of terpene lactones were also shown significant differences among products, but not as dramatic as that of flavonols. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pei, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,R-105,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL LABORATORIES FOODS DRUGS PI TAIPEI PA 161-2 KUEN YANG STREET, NANKANG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1021-9498 J9 J FOOD DRUG ANAL JI J. Food Drug Anal. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 154BS UT WOS:000245482400009 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA Bunn, JM AF Foulk, Jonn A. Bunn, Joe M. TI Factors influencing the duration of lag phase during in vitro biodegradation of compression-molded, acetylated biodegradable soy protein films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE edible films; protein films; soy protein; biodegradation ID RESPIROMETRIC DATA; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PHTHALATE-ESTERS; KINETICS AB In order to make use of and exploit commercially biodegradable protein-based materials, degradation research is essential to provide information pertinent to the basic production and handling properties of such materials. It seems that the experimental methods utilized to evaluate the lag phases of protein films may be applied to other substrates under various conditions. Techniques used to determine lag phases may provide insight into the degradation challenge of maintaining the integrity of materials during use, followed by its biodegradation upon disposal. Chemically modified agricultural materials demonstrate different lag phases prior to biodegradation with lag phases perhaps quantifying modifications. Acclimated (microorganisms which are adapted or accustomed to an environment) and unacclimated microorganisms were investigated to estimate the lag phase times for soy protein-based materials. Before full degradation developed, a lag phase was observed for the acclimated and unacclimated microorganisms with the unacclimated microorganisms requiring longer periods prior to degradation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM jonnf@clemson.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 79 IS 2 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.070 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 108QN UT WOS:000242254400008 ER PT J AU Min, BR Pinchak, WE Anderson, RC Callaway, TR AF Min, Byeng R. Pinchak, William E. Anderson, Robin C. Callaway, Todd R. TI Effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and in vivo growth of generic Escherichia coli excreted from steers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COPPER II COMPLEXES; CONDENSED TANNINS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; SODIUM-CHLORATE; METABOLISM; SHEEP; RUMEN; TEA; POLYPHENOLS AB The effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or generic fecal E. coli was evaluated. In experiment 1, the mean growth rate of E. coli O157:H7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees C, was reduced (P < 0.05) with as little as 400 mu g of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. The addition of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,200 mu g of tannins per ml significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the specific bacterial growth rate when compared with the nontannin control. The specific growth rate decreased with increasing dose levels up to 800 mu of tannins per mi. Bacterial growth inhibition effects in chestnut tannins were less pronounced than in mimosa tannins. Chestnut tannin extract addition ranged from 0 to 1,200 mu g/ml, and a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed in cultures incubated for 6 h against the recovery of viable cells, determined via the plating of each strain onto MacConkey agar, of E. coli O151:H7 strains 933 and 86-24, but not against strain 6058. Similar tests with mimosa tannin extract showed a linear effect (P < 0.05) against the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 strain 933 only. The bactericidal effect observed in cultures incubated for 24 h with the tannin preparations was similar, although it was less than that observed from cultures incubated for 6 h. When chestnut tannins (15 g of tannins per day) were infused intraruminally to steers fed a Bermuda grass hay diet in experiment 2, fecal E. coli shedding was lower on days 3 (P < 0.03), 12 (P = 0.08), and 15 (P < 0.001) when compared with animals that were fed a similar diet without tannin supplementation. It was concluded that dietary levels and sources of tannins potentially reduce the shedding of E. coli from the gastrointestinal tract. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pinchak, WE (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 543 EP 550 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 143QC UT WOS:000244736600002 ER PT J AU White, PL Naugle, AL Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Rose, BE Pritchard, KM Levine, P Saini, PK Schroeder, CM Dreyfuss, MS Tan, R Holt, KG Harman, J Buchanan, S AF White, Patricia L. Naugle, Alecia L. Jackson, Charlene R. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Rose, Bonnie E. Pritchard, Katrine M. Levine, Priscilla Saini, Parmesh K. Schroeder, Carl M. Dreyfuss, Moshe S. Tan, Regina Holt, Kristin G. Harman, Jane Buchanan, Stephanie TI Salmonella Enteritidis in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products regulated by the US food safety and inspection service, 1998 through 2003 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPE-4; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE; ESTABLISHMENTS; SURVEILLANCE; CALIFORNIA AB The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) tests for Salmonella in meat, poultry, and egg products through three regulatory testing programs: the Pathogen Reduction-Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR-HACCP) program, the ready-to-eat program for meat and poultry products, and the pasteurized egg products program. From 1998 through 2003, 293,938 samples collected for these testing programs were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica serotypes. Of these samples, 12,699 (4.3%) were positive for Salmonella, and 167 (1.3%) of the positive samples (0.06% of all samples) contained Salmonella Enteritidis. The highest incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis was observed in ground chicken PR-HACCP samples (8 of 1,722 samples, 0.46%), and the lowest was found in steer-heifer PR-HACCP samples (0 of 12,835 samples). Salmonella Enteritidis isolates were characterized by phage type, pulsed-field gel electrophoretic pattern, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Phage typing of 94 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates identified PT13 (39 isolates) and PT8 (36 isolates) as the most common types. One isolate from a ready-to-eat ham product was characterized as PT4. Electrophoretic analysis of 148 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates indicated genetic diversity among the isolates, with 28 unique XbaI electrophoretic patterns identified. Of these 148 isolates, 136 (92%) were susceptible to each of 16 antimicrobials tested. Two isolates were resistant to ampicillin alone, and 10 isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from FSIS-regulated products emphasizes the need for continued consumer education on proper food handling and cooking practices and continued work to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products. C1 USDA, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Human Hlth Sci Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Management Support Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Risk Assessment Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Human Hlth Sci Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NHLBI, Div Prevent & Populat Sci, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dreyfuss, MS (reprint author), USDA, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM moshe.dreyfuss@fsis.usda.gov NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 143QC UT WOS:000244736600007 PM 17388045 ER PT J AU Horrocks, SM Jung, YS Huwe, JK Harvey, RB Ricke, SC Carstens, GE Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Ramlachan, N Nisbet, DJ AF Horrocks, S. M. Jung, Y. S. Huwe, J. K. Harvey, R. B. Ricke, S. C. Carstens, G. E. Callaway, T. R. Anderson, R. C. Ramlachan, N. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effects of short-chain nitrocompounds against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in vitro SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; nitrocompound; preharvest food safety ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SECONDARY NITROALKANES; METHANE PRODUCTION; DAIRY-COWS; 2-NITROPROPANOL; NITROETHANE; ENVIRONMENT; PREVALENCE AB Effects of 2-nitro-1-propanol, 2-nitroethanol, nitroethane, and 2-nitro-methyl-propionate (0, 10, and 20 mM) on growth of Campylobacter jejuni were tested during culture in Bolton broth adjusted to pH 5.6, 7.0, or 8.2. The nitrocompounds were similarly tested against C.coli but at pH 8.2 only. Viable cell counts measured during incubation revealed main effects (P < 0.05) of all nitrocompounds on the suvivability of C. jejuni. An effect of pH (P < 0.05) on the survivability of C. Jejuni during incubation with nitrocompounds was observed with greated inhiition observed at pH 8.2 than at pH 5.6 or 7.0 for nitroethane, 2-nitro-1-propanol, and 2-nitroethanol, but not for 2-nitro-methyl-propionate, which showed greatest inhibition at pH 5.6. Except for 2-nitro-methyl-propionate, which was ineffective, all nitrocompounds elicited similar effects on C. coli. The effect of nitroethane and 2-nitro-1-propanol (10 mM) on naturally occurring Campylobacter was investigated during incubation of porcine fecal suspensions, where Campylobacter concentrations decreased more rapidly (P < 0.05) in suspensions with added 2-nitro-1-propanol than in unsupplemented or nitroethane-supplemented suspensions, thus reiterating the superior inhibitory effect of 2-nitro-1-propanol. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arkansas, Food Safety Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP M50 EP M55 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00255.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 148MS UT WOS:000245079900024 PM 17995842 ER PT J AU Neta, ERD Johanningsmeier, SD McFeeters, RF AF Neta, Edith Ramos Da Conceicao Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. McFeeters, Roger F. TI The chemistry and physiology of sour taste - A review SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE acids; flavor; receptor; sensory; transduction ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; RECEPTOR-CELLS; TITRATABLE ACIDITY; UNDISSOCIATED ACID; CROSS-ADAPTATION; HYDROGEN-ION; ACETIC-ACIDS; K+ CHANNELS; TRANSDUCTION; RAT AB A sour taste is the key element in the flavour profile of food acidulants. Understanding the chemistry and physiology of sour taste is critical for efficient control of flavour in the formulation of acid and acidified foods. After a brief introduction to the main applications of food acidulants, several chemical parameters associated with sour taste are discussed. Special emphasis is given to hydrogen ions, protonated (undissociated) acid species, titratable acidity, anions, molar, concentration, and physical and chemical properties of organic acids. This article also presents an overview of the physiology of sour taste and proposed theories for the transduction mechanisms for sour taste. The physiology of sour taste perception remains controversial and significant diversity exists among species with regard to cellular schemes used for detection of stimuli. The variety of mechanisms proposed, even within individual species, highlights the complexity the complexity of elucidating sour taste transduction. However, recent evidence suggests that at least one specific sour taste receptor protein has been identified. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2 BP R33 EP R38 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00282.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 148MS UT WOS:000245079900004 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Inglett, George E. TI Effect of various thermal treatments on the pasting properties of enriched beta-glucan oat products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE LA English DT Article DE oat bran; beta-glucan; hydrocolloid; pasting properties; Rapid Visco Analyser ID RAPID-VISCO ANALYZER; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; LIPID PROFILE; BRAN; STARCH; MEN; BEHAVIOR; GLUCOSE; GRAINS AB Pasting properties of oat hydrocolloid-enriched products with 12% oat bran concentrate (OBC), 20% beta-glucan enriched hydrocolloid (BGE-OH20) or 30% (BGE-OH30) beta-glucan content were studied under different temperature conditions using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) of 8% (w/w) oat suspensions in water. A typical starch RVA profile was compared with lower heating rates, lower maximum temperature, shorter holding times at maximum temperature, and slower cooling rates. No significant differences were observed in pasting proper-ties of the oat hydrocolloid products heated up to 95 degrees C at different rates using a typical starch RVA profile. OBC breakdown and setback viscosity were observed only at 95 degrees C. At 75 and 85 degrees C, BGE-OH30 had significantly higher final and setback viscosity. BGE-OM20 heated upto 95 degrees C at 2 degrees C/min had significantly higher peak and breakdown viscosity than at 4 degrees C/min. BGE-OH30 pastes had higher peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity than BGE-OH20 pastes held at 75 or 85 degrees C for 0-5.5 min. Significant differences between BGE-OH20 and BGE-OH30 were observed for final and setback viscosity of pastes cooled from 95 degrees C to 50 degrees C at 2 degrees C/min, 4 degrees C/min or 6 degrees C/min, with lower viscosity at 2 degrees C/min cooling rate. Differences observed in pasting properties could be attributed to P-glucan content or extent of P-glucan starch interactions. Based on our findings, we recommended studies of OBC pasting properties should use a typical starch RVA profile involving heating to 95 degrees C and P-glucan-enriched oat hydrocolloid products ( >= 20%) should use RVA profile with maximum temperature of 75 to 85 degrees C, has short holding time (2 min) and cooling rate of 6 degrees C/min. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN FOOD SCIENT TECHN INDIA PI MYSORE PA CENTRAL FOOD TECHNOL RES INST, MYSORE 570013, INDIA SN 0022-1155 J9 J FOOD SCI TECH MYS JI J. Food Sci. Technol.-Mysore PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 153IT UT WOS:000245426600014 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, S Graham, R AF McCaffrey, Sarah Graham, Russell TI Science information for informing forest fuel management in the dry forests of the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland fire; fuels planning; National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969; technology transfer AB Land managers need timely and straightforward access to the best scientific information available for informing decisions on how to treat forest fuels in the dry forests of the western United States. However, although there is a tremendous amount of information available for informing fuels management decisions, often, it is in a form that is difficult to use or of limited applicability. To improve access, interpretability, and use of the full body of research, a pilot project was initiated by the USDA Forest Service to synthesize relevant scientific information and develop publications and decisions support tools that managers can use to inform fuels treatment plans. This article provides an overview of the project and briefly discusses key lessons learned as an introduction to a series of articles, to be published in future Journal of forestry issues, on different topic areas addressed by the project. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP McCaffrey, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM smccaffrey@fs.fed.us; rtgraham@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155UD UT WOS:000245602900005 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Peterson, DL Raymond, CL AF Johnson, Morris C. Peterson, David L. Raymond, Crystal L. TI Managing forest stucture and fire hazard - A tool for planners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire management; forest thinning; Forest Vegetation Simulator; fuel treatment; silviculture AB Fire planners and other resource managers need to examine a range of potential fuel and vegetation treatments to select options that will lead to desired outcomes for fire hazard and natural resource conditions. A new approach to this issue integrates concepts and tools from silviculture and fuel science to quantify outcomes for a large number of treatment options in dry forest stands in the western United States. Five silvicultural options (thinning from below to 50 trees per acre [tpa]; 100, 200, and 300 tpa; or no thinning) are considered in combination with three surface fuel treatments (pile and burn, prescribed fire, or no treatment), resulting in a range of alternative treatments for each representative stand. The Fire and Fuels Extension of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS) was used to calculate (1) immediate effects of treatments on surface fuels, fire hazard, potential fire behavior, and forest structure (including visualizations); and (2) a 50-year time series of treatment effects at 10-year increments. These fuel treatment scenarios can be used as a starting point for examining alternatives for National Environmental Policy Act documents and other applications that require scientifically based information to quantify the effects of modifying forest structure and surface fuels. Forest managers also can develop customized treatments for specific locations and resource objectives. Scenarios and output can be used to inform ecological, economic, and sociological evaluations of the effects of fuel and vegetation treatments. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, MC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. EM mejohnson@fs.fed.us; peterson@fs.fed.us; clrfire@u.washington.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155UD UT WOS:000245602900006 ER PT J AU Overend, C Mitchell, R He, D Rompato, G Grubman, MJ Garmendia, AE AF Overend, C. Mitchell, R. He, D. Rompato, G. Grubman, M. J. Garmendia, A. E. TI Recombinant swine beta interferon protects swine alveolar macrophages and MARC-145 cells from infection with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES; PRRSV INFECTION; MOUTH-DISEASE; ALPHA; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; GAMMA; PIGS; IFN AB Swine beta interferon (swIFN-beta) produced in HEK 293 cells infected with a recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) encoding the swIFN-beta gene was tested for antiviral activity against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). MARC-145 cells were incubated overnight with dilutions of supernatant fluids from HEK 293 cells infected with Ad5-swIFN-beta or with an Ad5 control virus (Ad5-Blue). Treated cells were infected with PRRSV; MARC-145 cells incubated with Ad5Blue supernatants developed cytopathic effects (CPE), whereas those incubated with swIFN-beta showed no CPE. To confirm the antiviral activity of swIFN-beta, culture fluids from Ad5-swIFN-beta-infected cells were affinity-purified on a Sepharose-anti-swIFN-beta matrix, and the resulting fractions exhibited antiviral activity upon infection with PRRSV. The antiviral effects were specific, as they were blocked by mAbs against swIFN-beta. Additional cultures of MARC-145 cells treated with swIFN-beta-containing supernatants or affinity-purified swIFN-beta were infected with PRRSV and tested by real-time RT-PCR for viral RNA in culture supernatants at various times post-inoculation. These experiments confirmed the protective effects of swIFN-beta. swIFN-beta was also tested for antiviral activity on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from PRRSV-negative swine. PAMs were treated with dilutions of swIFN-beta or Ad5-Blue culture fluids, infected with PRRSV and tested for viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR. The viral load data showed a dose-dependent protection in swIFN-beta-treated PAMs, whereas no protection was evident from Ad5-Blue culture fluids. The data demonstrate that swIFN-beta protects both MARC-145 cells and PAMs from PRRSV infection. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Garmendia, AE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT USA. EM Garmendi@Uconnvm.uconn.edu RI Overend, Christopher/F-9268-2011 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 BP 925 EP 931 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82585-0 PN 3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 147ZY UT WOS:000245045500023 PM 17325366 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhang, QW Reicosky, DC Lindstrom, MJ Bai, LY Li, L AF Li, Y. Zhang, Q. W. Reicosky, D. C. Lindstrom, M. J. Bai, L. Y. Li, L. TI Changes in soil organic carbon induced by tillage and water erosion on a steep cultivated hillslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau from 1898-1954 and 1954-1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; REDISTRIBUTION; CS-137; RADIONUCLIDES; SEDIMENTATION; DEPOSITION; CATCHMENT; LANDSCAPE; LOSSES; RATES AB The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) transported and redistributed by erosion over steep agricultural landscapes is uncertain. The effect of topography, slope, and slope position on SOC redistribution must be considered. Our objectives were to ( 1) determine the spatial patterns of both tillage and water erosion-induced SOC redistribution, ( 2) evaluate the compensating effects of tillage-induced soil redistribution on SOC loss due to water erosion, and ( 3) quantify changes of SOC storage between 1898-1954 and 1954-1998 periods. To meet these objectives, we conducted field sampling and investigated a cultivated hillslope in the Fangzhuang gully of Xigoumao catchment in Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil organic carbon redistribution was calculated by multiplying SOC concentration by total soil redistribution (TSR) including both tillage and water-induced soil redistribution derived from (137)Cs and (210)Pb(ex) inventories and from the tillage erosion prediction (TEP) model. Our results showed that the hillslope soil had an 89% decrease of (137)Cs inventories for the last 45 years and a 55% decrease of (210)Pb(ex) inventories for the last 100 years. The major losses of SOC over the entire hillslope are attributed to severe water erosion. Significant increase of SOC at the lower field boundaries on the summit and upper backslope resulted from tillage-induced soil redistribution by moldboard plowing. Tillage-induced soil redistribution increased SOC and compensated for 8-14% of the SOC losses due to water erosion during 1898 - 1998, but the total soil erosion reduced SOC pool over the steep cultivated hillslope of the Loess Plateau. During the period 1898 - 1954, the net SOC loss from the entire hillslope was 1.65 +/- C ha(-1) (0.03 t C ha(-1) yr(-1)). Within the period 1954 - 1998, the net SOC loss was 10.65 t C ha(-1) (0.24 t C ha(-1) yr(-1)). The positive relationship between SOC with (137)Cs and (210)Pbex confirmed the utility of fallout radionuclides as a promising method for tracing tillage and water erosion impacts on SOC dynamics covering a timescale of 45 to 100 years. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroenvironm & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling, Peoples R China. Minist Water Resources, Yangling, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroenvironm & Sustainable Dev, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yongli32@hotmail.com NR 45 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G1 AR G01021 DI 10.1029/2005JG000107 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 143GP UT WOS:000244708400002 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP AF Jauhar, Prem P. TI Meiotic restitution in wheat polyhaploids (Amphihaploids): A potent evolutionary force SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DURUM-WHEAT; GENOME EVOLUTION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GENETIC-CONTROL; BREAD WHEAT; A-GENOME; B-GENOME; POLYPLOIDY; HAPLOIDS; ANGIOSPERMS AB Polyploidy is well recognized as a major force in plant speciation. Among the polyploids in nature, allopolyploids are preponderant and include important crop plants like bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD genomes). Allopolyploidy must result through concomitant or sequential events that entail interspecific or intergeneric hybridization and chromosome doubling in the resultant hybrids. To gain insight into the mechanism of evolution of wheat, we extracted polyhaploids of 2 cultivars, Chinese Spring (CS) and Fukuhokomugi (Fuko), of bread wheat by crossing them with maize, Zea mays L. ssp. mays. The derived Ph1-polyhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; ABD) showed during meiosis mostly univalents, which produced first-division restitution (FDR) nuclei that in turn gave rise to unreduced (2n) male gametes with 21 chromosomes. The haploids on maturity set some viable seed. The mean number of seeds per spike was 1.45 +/- 0.161 in CS and 2.3 +/- 0.170 in Fuko. Mitotic chromosome preparations from root tips of the derived plantlets revealed 2n = 42 chromosomes, that is, twice that of the parental polyhaploid, which indicated that they arose by fusion of unreduced male and female gametes formed by the polyhaploid. The Ph1-induced univalency must have produced 2n gametes and hence bilateral sexual polyploidization and reconstitution of disomic bread wheat. These findings highlight the quantum jump by which bread wheat evolved from durum wheat in nature. Thus, bread wheat offers an excellent example of rapid evolution by allopolyploidy. In the induced polyhaploids (ABD) that are equivalent of amphihaploids, meiotic phenomena such as FDR led to regeneration of parental bread wheat, perhaps a simulation of the evolutionary steps that occurred in nature at the time of the origin of hexaploid wheat. C1 USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 35 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1093/jhered/esm011 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 162XO UT WOS:000246123000015 PM 17416932 ER PT J AU Haan, SS Desmond, MJ Gould, WR Ward, JP AF Haan, Stephanie S. Desmond, Martha J. Gould, William R. Ward, James P., Jr. TI Influence of habitat characteristics on detected site occupancy of the New Mexico endemic Sacramento Mountains Salamander, Aneides hardii SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DESIGN; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; FOREST; SOIL; INFORMATION; AMPHIBIANS; PHYSIOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; MOISTURE AB The Sacramento Mountains Salamander (Aneides hardii) is a state-listed threatened species endemic to three mountain ranges in south-central New Mexico. Information about the ecological requirements of this species is inadequate for managers to make informed conservation decisions, yet changes in management practices are needed throughout the species range because of poor forest health. During summer 2004, we examined patterns of A. hardii distribution in relation to several abiotic and biotic parameters on 36 plots, each of which was 9.6-ha in area and located in mixed conifer forest. We evaluated 18 a priori logistic regression models using Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small-sample bias (AIC(c)). The model with the highest ranking (lowest AIC(c), value) included soil moisture and soil temperature, and the second highest ranked model (Delta AIC(c), = 0.05) included only soil temperature. Soil temperature was lower, and soil moisture was higher on plots where salamanders were detected. The relative importance of canopy cover and log volume was low in this study likely because the study plots, all of which had sufficient canopy cover and log volume, had similar disturbance history. We recommend managers focus on practices that ensure salamander microhabitats remain cool and moist in conservation areas. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Journada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Haan, SS (reprint author), Dona Ana Community Coll, POB 30001,MSC 3DA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM shaan@nmsu.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[1:IOHCOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700001 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Bull, EL Green, DE Bowerman, J Adams, MJ Hyatt, A Wente, WH AF Pearl, Christopher A. Bull, Evelyn L. Green, David E. Bowerman, Jay Adams, Michael J. Hyatt, Alex Wente, Wendy H. TI Occurrence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CHYTRID FUNGUS; POPULATION DECLINES; PROTECTED AREAS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY; ORIGIN AB Chytridiomycosis (infection by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) has been associated with amphibian declines in at least four continents. We report results of disease screens from 210 pond-breeding amphibians from 37 field sites in Oregon and Washington. We detected B. dendrobatidis on 28% of sampled amphibians, and we found 1 detection of B. dendrobatidis from 43% of sites. Four of seven species tested positive for B. dendrobatidis, including the Northern Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora), Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris), and Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa). We also detected B. dendrobatidis in normative American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from six sites in western and central Oregon. Our study and other recently published findings suggest that B. dendrobatidis has few geographic and host taxa limitations among North American anurans. Further research on virulence, transmissibility, persistence, and interactions with other stressors is needed to assess the potential impact of B. dendrobatidis on Pacific Northwestern amphibians. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA. CSIRO, Australian Natl Hlth Lab, Livestock Ind, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christopher_pearl@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 33 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[145:OOTAPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 151AW UT WOS:000245261700018 ER PT J AU Yu, YY Kirschke, CP Huang, LP AF Yu, Yan Yiu Kirschke, Catherine P. Huang, Liping TI Immunohistochemical analysis of ZnT1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the mouse gastrointestinal tract SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc transporters; Slc30 family; ZnT; dietary zinc absorption; gastrointestinal tract ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; DIETARY ZINC; GOLGI-APPARATUS; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASES; CONFERS RESISTANCE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; HUMAN ZIP1 AB Expression of five zinc transporters (ZnT1, 4, 5, 6, and 7) of the Slc30 family in the mouse gastrointestinal tract was studied by immunohistochemical analysis. Results demonstrated unique expression patterns, levels, and cellular localization among ZnT proteins in the mouse gastrointestinal tract with some overlapping. ZnT1 was abundantly expressed in the epithelium of the esophagus, duodenum of the small intestine, and cecum of the large intestine. ZnT4 was predominantly detected in the large intestine. ZnT5 was mainly expressed in the parietal cell of the stomach and in the absorptive epithelium of the duodenum and jejunum. ZnT6 was predominantly detected in the chief cell of the stomach, columnar epithelial cells of the jejunum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Lastly, ZnT7 was observed in all epithelia of the mouse gastrointestinal tract with the highest expression in the small intestine. Expression of ZnT proteins in the absorptive epithelial cell of the gastrointestinal tract suggests that ZnT proteins may play important roles in zinc absorption and endogenous zinc secretion. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr,WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1369/jhc.6A7032.2006 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 138PW UT WOS:000244375700003 PM 17101726 ER PT J AU Singh, AK Behera, TK Chandel, D Sharma, P Singh, NK AF Singh, A. K. Behera, T. K. Chandel, D. Sharma, P. Singh, N. K. TI Assessing genetic relationships among bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) accessions using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CUCUMIS-MELO L.; RAPD MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS; CITRULLUS; RFLP; AFLP AB Bitter gourd or balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and is a popular vegetable in India, having considerable nutritional, economic and medicinal importance. Only one recent report is available on the genetic diversity of bitter gourd based on molecular markers (RAPDs). In the present study, experiments with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers revealed high polymorphism among 38 genotypes, including some commercial cultivars collected from different agro-ecological zones of India. These genotypes were analysed using 15 ISSR primers (University of British Columbia, Canada) which produced a total of 125 markers, of which 94 (74.8%) were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic markers ranged from 0 (UBC 841) to 12 (UBC 890) with a mean of 6.27 markers per primer. Pair-wise genetic distances (GD) of the 38 bitter gourd accessions, based on the 125 markers, ranged from 0.093 ('Pusa Do Mausami'- green vs. 'DBTG 7') to 0.516 ('Pusa Do Mausami'- white vs. 'DBTG 101') and suggested a wide genetic base for these genotypes. The present study confirmed the high degree of dissimilarity between the accessions which are, therefore, genetically distinct. C1 Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Fruit & Hort Technol, New Delhi 110012, India. Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Genet, New Delhi 110012, India. Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Res Ctr Plant Biotechnol, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Behera, TK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tusar@rediffmail.com NR 36 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 155WS UT WOS:000245609900010 ER PT J AU Van Liew, MW Veith, TL Bosch, DD Arnold, JG AF Van Liew, Michael W. Veith, Tamie L. Bosch, David D. Arnold, Jeffrey G. TI Suitability of SWAT for the conservation effects assessment project: Comparison on USDA Agricultural Research Service watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RURAL BASINS; MODEL; STREAMFLOW; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; RESOURCES; RUNOFF AB Recent interest in tracking environmental benefits of conservation practices on agricultural watersheds throughout the United States has led to the development of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The purpose of CEAP is to assess environmental benefits derived from implementing various USDA conservation programs for cultivated, range, and irrigated lands. Watershed scale, hydrologic simulation models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Too] (SWAT) will be used to relate principal source areas of contaminants to transport paths and processes under a range in climatic, soils, topographic, and land use conditions on agricultural watersheds. To better understand SWAT's strengths and weaknesses in simulating streamflow for anticipated applications related to CEAP, we conducted a study to evaluate the model's performance under a range of climatic, topographic, soils, and land use conditions. Hydrologic responses were simulated on five USDA Agricultural Research Service watersheds that included Mahantango Creek Experimental Watershed in Pennsylvania and Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in Idaho in the northern part of the United States, and Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia, Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in Oklahoma, and Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Arizona in the south. Model simulations were performed on a total of 30 calibration and validation data sets that were obtained from a long record of multigauge climatic and streamflow data on each of the watersheds. A newly developed autocalibration tool for the SWAT model was employed to calibrate eleven parameters that govern surface and subsurface response for the three southern watersheds, and an additional five parameters that govern the accumulation of snow and snowmelt runoff processes for the two northern watersheds. Based on a comparison of measured versus simulated average annual streamflow, SWAT exhibits an element of robustness in estimating hydrologic responses across a range in topographic, soils, and land use conditions. Differences in model performance, however, are noticeable on a climatic basis in that SWAT will generally perform better on watersheds in more humid climates than in desert or semidesert climates. The model may therefore be better suited for CEAP investigations in wetter regions of the eastern part of the United States that are predominantly cultivated than the dryer regions of the West that are more characteristically rangeland. C1 Montana DEQ, Helena, MT 59620 USA. USDA ARS, PSWM, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Van Liew, MW (reprint author), Montana DEQ, 1520 E 6th Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. EM mvanliew@mt.gov; tveith@psu.edu; dbosch@tifton.usda.gov; jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 41 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2007)12:2(173) PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 139OQ UT WOS:000244442000005 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Pszczolkowski, MA Blackburn, MB Ramaswamy, SB AF Gelman, Dale B. Pszczolkowski, Maciej A. Blackburn, Michael B. Ramaswamy, Sonny B. TI Ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones of whiteflies, important insect vectors for plant viruses SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; molting; metamorphosis; staging histology ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; COCKROACH NAUPHOETA-CINEREA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; MOLTING HORMONE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA AB Ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JHs) regulate many physiological events throughout the insect life cycle, including molting, metamorphosis, ecdysis, diapause, reproduction, and behavior. Fluctuation of whitefly ecclysteroid levels and the identity of the whitefly molting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) have only been reported within the last few years. An ecdysteroid commitment peak that is associated with the reprogramming of tissues for a metamorphic molt in many holometabolous and some hernimetabolous insect species was not observed in last nymphal instars of either the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Biotype B), or the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Ecdysteroids reach peak levels 1-2 days prior to the initiation of the nymphal-adult metamorphic molt. Adult eye and wing differentiation which signal the onset of this molt begin earlier in 4th instar T vaporariorum (Stages 4 and 5, respectively) than in B. tabaci (Stage 6), and the premolt peak is 3-4 times greater in B. tabaci (similar to 400 fg/mu g protein) than in T. vaporariorum (similar to 120 fg/pg protein). The JH of B. tabaci nymphs and eggs was found to be JH III, supporting the view that JHs I and II are, with rare exception, only present in lepidopteran insects. In B. tabaci eggs, JH levels were approximately 10 times greater on day 2/3 (0.44 fg/egg or 0.54 ng/g) than on day 5 (0.04 fg/egg or 0.054 ng/g) post-oviposition. Approximately, 1.4 fg/2nd-3rd instar nymph (0.36 ng/g) was detected. It is probable that the relatively high level of JH in day 2/3 eggs is associated with the differentiation of various whitefly tissues during embryonic development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, PSI, Rm 214,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 78 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.11.006 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 154BZ UT WOS:000245483100009 PM 17258230 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Sands, GR Strock, JS Wilson, BN Porter, PM AF Feyereisen, Gary W. Sands, Gary R. Strock, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Bruce N. Porter, Paul M. TI Hydrology and nitrogen components of a simple rye growth model SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE subsurface drainage; nitrogen; nitrates; nutrient loads; computer models; soil water storage; crops; agriculture ID REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER-QUALITY; TILE DRAINAGE; COLD CLIMATE; CORN-BELT; SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE; CROP AB Cover cropping practices are being researched to reduce artificial subsurface drainage nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) losses from agricultural lands in the upper Mississippi watershed. A soil-plant-atmosphere simulation model, RyeGro, was developed to quantify the influence of a winter cereal rye cover crop on nitrate-N losses given climatic variability in the region. This paper describes the hydrology and nitrogen cycle submodels of RyeGro, which was developed with a low level of complexity and conceptualizes the soil profile as three soil layers. The model was calibrated with data from a three-year rye cover crop field study conducted at Lamberton, Minnesota, and validated with data from a previous study. During model calibration, field subsurface drainage nitrate-N loadings were predicted within 0.2, 0, and 1.6 kg N ha(-1) (1, 0, and -3%) of measured loadings for the corn-soybean treatment and within 1.2, 0, and 1.6 kg N ha(-1) (11, 0, and 3%) of measured loadings for the corn-rye-soybean treatment. The model validation showed nitrate-N loading differences of 7 and 1 kg N ha(-1) (-22 and 4%) for the two years tested. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2416 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM gfeyereisen@tifton.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2007)133:2(90) PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 149PO UT WOS:000245159300002 ER PT J AU Savage, JS Fisher, JO Birch, LL AF Savage, Jennifer S. Fisher, Jennifer Orlet Birch, Leann L. TI Parental influence on eating behavior: Conception to adolescence SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Review ID CHILDRENS FOOD PREFERENCES; FRUIT JUICE CONSUMPTION; BODY-MASS INDEX; FEEDING PRACTICES; ENERGY-INTAKE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; LOW-INCOME; HUMAN-MILK; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AB The first years of life mark a time of rapid development and dietary change, as children transition from an exclusive milk diet to a modified adult diet. During these early years, children's learning about food and eating plays a central role in shaping subsequent food choices, diet quality, and weight status. Parents play a powerful role in children's eating behavior, providing both genes and environment for children. For example, they influence children's developing preferences and eating behaviors by making some foods available rather than others, and by acting as models of eating behavior. In addition, parents use feeding practices, which have evolved over thousands of years, to promote patterns of food intake necessary for children's growth and health. However in current eating environments, characterized by too much inexpensive palatable, energy dense food, these traditional feeding practices can promote overeating and weight gain. To meet the challenge of promoting healthy weight in children in the current eating environment, parents need guidance regarding alternatives to traditional feeding practices. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Childhood Obes Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Savage, JS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Childhood Obes Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 122 TC 281 Z9 285 U1 18 U2 109 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SPR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00111.x PG 13 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 140ZG UT WOS:000244544900004 ER PT J AU Hadsell, D George, J Torres, D AF Hadsell, Darryl George, Jessy Torres, Daniel TI The declining phase of lactation: Peripheral or central, programmed or pathological? SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE lactation; persistence; oxidative; mitochondria; signaling; mammary ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; MILK-YIELD; PROLONGED LACTATION; EXTENDED LACTATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES; TRANSGENIC RABBITS AB In most species the functional activity of the mammary gland during lactation follows a biphasic developmental pattern. This pattern starts with a rapid increase in milk output that occurs with secretory activation and continues with a more gradual increase until the point of peak lactation is reached. Following this gain-of-function phase, the ability of the gland to produce milk decreases. This decrease occurs even if the lactation is prolonged by the presence of continued suckling stimulus and complete milk removal. This review describes the current state of our knowledge concerning the factors that regulate milk synthesis capacity by the mammary gland during the lactation cycle. The review describes four potential alternatives as mechanisms governing the process, which we refer to as secretory diminution. These alternatives are not presented as mutually exclusive of each other or other possible mechanisms, but are proposed as potential contributing mechanisms. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hadsell, D (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52197] NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10911-007-9038-4 PG 12 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 145TZ UT WOS:000244889400007 PM 17286209 ER PT J AU Langner, KFA Darpel, KE Denison, E Drolet, BS Leibold, W Mellor, PS Mertens, PPC Nimtz, M Greiser-Wilke, I AF Langner, Kathrin F. A. Darpel, Karin E. Denison, Eric Drolet, Barbara S. Leibold, Wolfgang Mellor, Philip S. Mertens, Peter P. C. Nimtz, Manfred Greiser-Wilke, Irene TI Collection and analysis of salivary proteins from the biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides nubeculosus; saliva collection; proteomics; vasodilatation; coagulation inhibition ID NEW-JERSEY-VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; MEMBRANE FEEDING TECHNIQUE; NORTH-AMERICAN VECTOR; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SONORENSIS DIPTERA; VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS; BLUETONGUE VIRUSES; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE AB Salivary proteins of hematophagous Culicoides spp. are thought to play an important role in pathogen transmission and skin hypersensitivity. Analysis of these proteins, however, has been problematic due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate amounts of secreted Culicoides saliva. In the current study, a collection method for midge saliva was developed. Over a 3-d period, 3- to 5-d-old male and female Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were repeatedly placed onto the collection system and allowed to deposit saliva into a filter. Salivary products were eluted from the filters and evaluated by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as well as by intradermal testing and determination of clotting time. Gel electrophoresis revealed approximate to 55 protein spots displaying relative molecular masses from 5 to 67 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.5 to 9.8. The majority of molecular species analyzed by mass spectrometry showed high convergence with salivary proteins recently obtained from a cDNA library of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, including proteins involved in sugarmeal digestion, defense, and coagulation in bibition as well as members of the D7 family and unclassified salivary proteins. In addition, the proteome analysis revealed a number of peptides that were related to proteins from insect species other than Culicoides. Intradermal injection of the saliva in human skin produced edema, vasodilatation, and pruritus. The anticoagulant activity of the saliva was demonstrated by significantly prolonged clotting times for human platelets. The potential role of the identified salivary proteins in the transmission of pathogens and the induction of allergies is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. Univ Vet Med, Immunol Unit, D-30173 Hannover, Germany. Helmholtz Ctr Infect Dis Res, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Vet Med, Inst Virol, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RP Langner, KFA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM klangner@uwyo.edu NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 238 EP 248 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[238:CAAOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 144YV UT WOS:000244833400011 PM 17427692 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Meepagala, KM Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Pereira, RM Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Meepagala, Kumudini M. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Pereira, Roberto M. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Structure-activity relationships of 33 piperidines as toxicants against female adults of Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piperidine; yellow fever; dengue; Aedes aegypti; insecticide ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; N-OXYDIHYDROPYRROLES; LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY; PIPER-LONGUM; DERIVATIVES; TRANSMISSION; DENGUE; PEPPER; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our collaborative effort to search for new insecticides to control mosquitoes, piperidine was used as base compound for further optimization. Herein, we report the structure-activity relationships of 33 piperidines against adult female Ae. aegypti. On the basis of 24-h LD50 values after topical application, the most toxic compound was 2-ethyl-piperidine, with an LD50 as low as 0.8 mu g per mosquito. The toxicities of piperidine derivatives were significantly decreased when a benzyl moiety was attached to the carbon of the piperidine ring, with an LD50 value as high as 29.2 jig per mosquito. The toxicity order of three moieties attached to the carbon of the piperidine ring was ethyl- > methyl-> benzyl-derivatives. When the same moiety was attached to the piperidine ring, the carbon position to which the moiety was attached conferred different toxicity and the toxicity order was second carbon > third carbon > fourth carbon. Together, these preliminary results may be useful in guiding further piperidine ring modifications in the development of potential new insecticides. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pridgeon@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[263:SROPAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 144YV UT WOS:000244833400014 PM 17427695 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Miller, JA George, JE Klavons, JA AF Davey, Ronald B. Allen Miller, J. George, John E. Klavons, Jerome A. TI Efficacy of a single doramectin injection against adult female Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) in the final stages of engorgement before detachment SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; control; doramectin; endectocide ID PERSISTENT EFFICACY; INFESTED CATTLE; POUR-ON; IVERMECTIN; MOXIDECTIN; TICKS AB The efficacy of injectable doramectin applied at 200 mu g/kg was evaluated against adult female Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) in the later stages of engorgement before detachment. Lethal levels of doramectin in the serum of treated cattle (9.7-36.6 ppb) were reached and sustained within 24 h after treatment. However, treatment at 19 or 20 d postinfestation allowed greater tick survival and reproductive capability (IF) than at 18 d postinfestation, indicating that a significant portion of the ticks were able to engorge and detach before obtaining a lethal dose of doramectin. Thus, treatment at 18 d after infestation provided significantly higher overall control (99.5%) than treatment at 19 or 20 d postinfestation (95.8 and 89.1%, respectively). Analysis of control on a daily basis demonstrated that treatment at 18 d postinfestation provided > 99% on each day of the evaluation. Conversely, treatment at 19 or 20 d postinfestation produced levels of control ranging from 22.6 to 85.6% during the first 2 d of female detachment, and !99% control was not achieved until after the fourth day of female detachment, where it remained throughout the study. Therefore, application of injectable doramectin at <= 18 d after tick infestation was the only treatment regime considered acceptable for use in the U.S. Boophilus Eradication Program. Treatment intervals > 18 d postinfestation could pose a substantial risk of dispersing viable ticks to tick-free areas outside the permanent quarantine zone that has been established along the Texas-Mexico border. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, 22675 Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM ronald.davey@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[277:EOASDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 144YV UT WOS:000244833400016 PM 17427697 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Davey, RB White, WH George, JE AF Miller, Robert J. Davey, Ronald B. Hunter White, W. George, John E. TI A comparison of three bioassay techniques to determine amitraz susceptibility in Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resistance; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; southern cattle tick; amitraz ID CATTLE TICK; RESISTANCE AB The ability of the Miller, Soberanes, and White bioassay techniques to describe amitraz susceptibility in three different strains of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) was compared. For a susceptible strain, all techniques adequately described amitraz susceptibility by producing a full range of mortality that corresponded with increasing concentration of amitraz. However, when resistant strains were evaluated, only the Miller and the Soberanes techniques adequately estimated the dose-response relationship. Lethal concentrations were not precisely estimated when all the data were included in the analyses for every strain and technique tested. Better estimates were obtained when subsets of data around the range of interest were subjected to probit analysis. For the Soberanes technique, the slope of the probit regression was steeper for the Brazilian resistant and Texan susceptible strains compared with the beterozygous Mexican strain. The pattern was different when the same strains were tested with the Miller technique. The slopes of the regressions for the Mexican and the Texan strains did not differ significantly, but the Brazilian strain had a steeper slope than the other strains. Resistance ratios were much greater when the Soberanes technique was used than when the Miller technique was used on the same strains. However, neither technique produced enough separation between susceptible and resistant strains to develop a traditional discriminating dose (DD) test that required a concentration of 2 x LC99.9 estimate. A DD test at the LC99 would be possible for both techniques. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the three techniques, including potential improvements to the White technique. The White technique has the greatest potential to determine the mechanisms of amitraz resistance in detailed synergist studies. Currently, only the Miller method can fulfill this task. The Miller and Soberanes techniques are well suited for the study of the epidemiology of resistance worldwide, because they use commercially available, formulated amitraz that is easy and inexpensive to obtain. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM robert.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[283:ACOTBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 144YV UT WOS:000244833400017 PM 17427698 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE AF Miller, Robert J. Davey, Ronald B. George, John E. TI First report of permethrin-resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) collected within the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; pesticide resistance; acaricide; permethrin ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESTERASE AB Boophilus microplus (Canestrim) (Acari: Ixodidae), Collected in Hidalgo County, TX, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. Discriminating dose (DD) tests at the LC99 and 2 x the LC99 of susceptible ticks yielded lower than expected mortalities for permethrin but not for coumaphos or amitraz acaricides. Initial bioassay results confirmed the pyrethroid resistance detected in the DD assays. Two generations of selection with permethrin at a rate > 60% increased the measured resistance ratios from 9.5 (7.9-11.5) to 263 (217-320). Synergist studies suggested that metabolic enzymes were involved in permethrin resistance. Native gel electrophoresis verified that the CZS9 esterase was not involved in resistance to permethrin. Polymerase chain reaction examination revealed the presence of a mutation of the sodium channel gene (Phe [arrow]Ile amino acid substitution in the S6 tram-mernbrane segment of domain III), in the resistant B&H population. The frequency of this mutation increased after selection with permethrin and concurrent increase in estimated resistance ratios. The B&H population was eradicated from the United States by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services, Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program through the use of the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM robert.miller@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[308:FROPBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 144YV UT WOS:000244833400021 PM 17427702 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Slininger, PJ AF Liu, Z. Lewis Slininger, Patricia J. TI Universal external RNA controls for microbial gene expression analysis using microarray and qRT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE assay quality control; gene chip; mRNA quantification; SYBR green; TaqMan ID TIME RT-PCR; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; DNA MICROARRAY; PLATFORMS; NORMALIZATION; ADAPTATION; CONVERSION; STANDARDS AB Gene expression analysis provides significant insight to understand regulatory mechanisms of biology, yet acquisition and reproduction of quality data, as well as data confirmation and verification remain challenging due to a lack of proper quality controls across different assay platforms. We present a set of six universal external RNA quality controls for microbial mRNA expression analysis that can be applied to both DNA oligo microarray and real-time qRT-PCR including using SYBR Green and TaqMan probe-based chemistry. This set of controls was applied for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 microarray assays and qRT-PCR for yeast gene expression analysis. Highly fitted linear relationships between detected signal intensity and mRNA input were described. Valid mRNA detection range, from 10 to 7000 pg and from 100 fg to 1000 pg were defined for microarray and qRT-PCR assay, respectively. Quantitative estimation of mRNA abundance was tested using randomly selected yeast ORF including function unknown genes using the same source of samples by the two assay platforms. Estimates of mRNA abundance by the two methods were similar and highly correlated in an overlapping detection range from 10 to 1000 pg. The universal external RNA controls provide a means to compare microbial gene expression data derived from different experiments and different platforms for verification and confirmation. Such quality controls ensure reliability and reproducibility of gene expression data, and provide unbiased normalization reference for validation, quantification, and estimate of variation of gene expression experiments. Application of these controls also improves efficiency and facilitates high throughput applications of gene expression analysis using the qRT-PCR assay. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM liuzl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAR PY 2007 VL 68 IS 3 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.10.014 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 149LH UT WOS:000245147900006 PM 17173990 ER PT J AU Deyrup, ST Gloer, JB O'Donnell, K Wicklow, DT AF Deyrup, Stephen T. Gloer, James B. O'Donnell, Kerry Wicklow, Donald T. TI Kolokosides A-D: Triterpenoid glycosides from a Hawaiian isolate of Xylaria sp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID FUNGICOLOUS ISOLATE; FUNGUS; FERNANE AB Four new triterpenoid glycosides, kolokosides A-D (1-4), along with the known compound 19,20-epoxycytochalasin N, were isolated from cultures of a Hawaiian wood-decay fungus (Xylaria sp.). The structures and relative configurations of 1-4 were determined primarily by analysis of NMR data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by application of the exciton chirality method. Compound 1 exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu OI Deyrup, Stephen/0000-0002-1851-5593 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.1021/np060546k PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 149AN UT WOS:000245118800010 PM 17284074 ER PT J AU Stetina, SR Pettigrew, WT AF Stetina, S. R. Pettigrew, W. T. TI Influence of planting date and water management on reniform nematode populations in cotton. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000014 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN AF Kokalis-Burelle, N. Rosskopf, E. N. TI Efficacy of midas for control of nematodes, pathogens and weeds in ornamental cockscomb (Celosia argentea) production in Florida. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000021 ER PT J AU Timper, P Strickland, TC Hubbard, RK AF Timper, P. Strickland, T. C. Hubbard, R. K. TI Effect of Meloidogyne incognita infection on leaching of nitrogen in cotton SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000019 ER PT J AU Cousins, P Johnston, D Switras-Meyer, S Meyer, C AF Cousins, P. Johnston, D. Switras-Meyer, S. Meyer, C. TI Recessive resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita derived from the grapevine rootstock 3309 C. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000024 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Kemerait, RC AF Davis, R. F. Kemerait, R. C. TI The multi-year, cumulative effects of monocropping cotton resistant to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000028 ER PT J AU Dong, W Holbrook, CC Timper, P Brenneman, TB AF Dong, W. Holbrook, C. C. Timper, P. Brenneman, T. B. TI Effects of inoculum type, inoculum level, inoculation date and assessment date on evaluating resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in peanut. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000027 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Tyler, DD AF Donald, P. A. Tyler, D. D. TI Long- and short-term tillage effects on Heterodera glycines reproduction. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Jackson, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Jackson, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000031 ER PT J AU Bernard, EC Donald, PA Handoo, ZA Heinz, RD Powers, TO AF Bernard, E. C. Donald, P. A. Handoo, Z. A. Heinz, R. D. Powers, T. O. TI Characterization of a new species of cyst nematode parasitizing corn. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000036 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Kluepfel, DA AF Nyczepir, A. P. Kluepfel, D. A. TI Impact of solarization, rootstock and Pseudomonas synxantha on Criconemoides xenoplax populations and tree growth in a peach tree short lfe site. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000043 ER PT J AU Lu, S Yu, H Chen, S Borchardt-Wier, HB Wang, X AF Lu, S. Yu, H. Chen, S. Borchardt-Wier, H. B. Wang, X. TI Molecular and functional characterization of parasitism genes of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Chen, Shiyan/N-1832-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000056 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Bauer, S Atibalentja, N AF Noel, G. R. Bauer, S. Atibalentja, N. TI Soybean cyst nematode populations suppressed by Pasteuria nishizawae. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000068 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Rice, C Meyer, SL AF Zasada, I. A. Rice, C. Meyer, S. L. TI Fate of benzoxazinoids from rye (Secale cereale) in soil and the implication on plantparasitic nematode management. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000090 ER PT J AU Halbrendt, JM Dean, JE Rice, CP Zasada, IA AF Halbrendt, J. M. Dean, J. E. Rice, C. P. Zasada, I. A. TI Relating the glucosinolate profile of Tropaelum majus cultivars to Xiphinema americanum mortality. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000100 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Carta, LK Skantar, AM Stone, C AF Masler, E. P. Carta, L. K. Skantar, A. M. Stone, C. TI FLPS are physiological regulators with interesting phylogenetic signatures in plantparasitic nematodes. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000101 ER PT J AU Porazinska, DL Pratt, PD Giblin-Davis, RM AF Porazinska, D. L. Pratt, P. D. Giblin-Davis, R. M. TI Consequences of Melaleuca quinquenervia invasion of the Florida Everglades: "Notes from the underground" with specific reference to nematodes. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000102 ER PT J AU Meyer, SL Lakshman, D Zasada, I Vinyard, B Chitwood, D Shemshura, O Bekmakhanova, N Mazunina, M Yeskalieva, B Masler, E AF Meyer, S. L. Lakshman, D. Zasada, I. Vinyard, B. Chitwood, D. Shemshura, O. Bekmakhanova, N. Mazunina, M. Yeskalieva, B. Masler, E. TI Clove oil and fungus compounds: Can nematode suppression be achieved without phytotoxicity? SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Microbiol & Virol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000105 ER PT J AU Robbins, RT Shipe, E Shannon, G Arelli, P Chen, P AF Robbins, R. T. Shipe, E. Shannon, G. Arelli, P. Chen, P. TI Public soybean breeding lines tested for reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) reproduction. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Missouri, Portageville, MS USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000104 ER PT J AU Ingham, R Dillon, M David, N Delgado, J AF Ingham, R. Dillon, M. David, N. Delgado, J. TI Using green manure crops to suppress Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato in the San Luis Valley. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000106 ER PT J AU Atibalentja, N Noel, GR AF Atibalentja, N. Noel, G. R. TI Polymorphism of the HSP90 gene among populations of Heterodera glycines from China, Japan and the United States. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000114 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Erbe, EF AF Carta, L. K. Erbe, E. F. TI Novel cuticular morphology using LT-SEM and light microscopic modifications in some bacterial-feeding and plant-parasitic nematodes. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, NL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, SGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000113 ER PT J AU Riga, E Lacey, L Guerra, N AF Riga, E. Lacey, L. Guerra, N. TI The potential of the fungus Muscodor albus as a bio-control agent against economically important plant-parasitic nematodes of potatoes in Washington State. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA USA. USDA ARS, Wapato, WA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000127 ER PT J AU Jin, J Mazarei, M Wubben, MJE Baum, TJ AF Jin, J. Mazarei, M. Wubben, M. J. E., II Baum, T. J. TI Down-regulation of Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase genes by cyst nematode infection. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000138 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Dickson, DW Rosskopf, E Mendes, M AF Thies, J. A. Dickson, D. W. Rosskopf, E. Mendes, M. TI Management of root-knot nematode and pythium root rot in pepper. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA, ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 170CR UT WOS:000246640000148 ER PT J AU Nord, M Hopwood, H AF Nord, Mark Hopwood, Heather TI Recent advances provide improved tools for measuring children's food security SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HUNGER; INSECURITY; HEALTH; INSUFFICIENCY; INDICATORS; TODDLERS; INFANTS; INCOME AB Food security, or consistent access to adequate food, is important for children's health and development. The first U.S. assessment of children's food security was conducted in 1995 using the U.S. Household Food Security Scale, a measure based on 18 survey questions developed by the USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Three recent developments have improved on that early measurement method and expanded the scope for assessing children's food security. 1) Development of the Children's Food Security Scale, based only on the 8 child-referenced questions in the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, improved the measurement of children's food security and was found to have excellent internal validity. 2) Questions indicating severe ranges of food insecurity and referenced to an individual child (answered by an adult proxy) were tested in a national health survey and found to have acceptable internal validity. 3) A food security measure based on a self-administered module was validated (internal validation only) for children >= 12 y of age. Children's food security is correlated with that of adults in the same household, but the relation depends on the ages of children, such that separate measures of children's and adults' food security appear to provide better assessment than a single measure that attempts to represent both. Further research is needed to assess the relation between food security and children's diet quality/variety and the effects of children's food security on their health and development. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM marknord@ers.usda.gov NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 533 EP 536 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200001 PM 17311935 ER PT J AU Tanaka, T Delgado-Lista, J Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F Marin, C Perez-Martinez, P Gomez, P Ordovas, JM AF Tanaka, Toshiko Delgado-Lista, Javier Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Marin, Carmen Perez-Martinez, Pablo Gomez, Purificacion Ordovas, Jose M. TI Scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) c.1119C > T polymorphism affects postprandial triglyceride metabolism in men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; SR-BI; HDL RECEPTOR; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; GENE LOCUS; CHYLOMICRON METABOLISM; TARGETED MUTATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; DEFICIENT MICE AB The scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB I) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. A polymorphism in exon 8 (c. 1119C > T) has been associated with fasting HDL- and LDL- cholesterol concentrations in Caucasian populations. This study evaluated whether this variant is associated with postprandial lipemia in 59 normolipidemic males. After an overnight fast, the subjects were given a single fat load comprising 60% of energy as fat, 15% as protein, and 25% as carbohydrate. Blood was drawn every hour from baseline to 6 h, then every 2.5 h until h 11. We measured plasma lipid concentrations including triglycerides (TG) in large and small triglyceride rich lipoprotein particles (TRL). Changes in postprandial small TRL TG differed among groups overtime (Pgeno X time = 0.034) whereby TT and CT subjects maintained lower concentrations throughout most of the postprandial period compared with CC subjects. Significant differences occurred at h 1, 2, 4, and 5 (P < 0.05). Postprandial changes in large TRL TG (Pgeno X time = 0.923) or total TG (Pgeno x time = 0.529) did not differ by genotype. These results suggest that the c.1119C > T polymorphism is associated with a lower postprandial TG response in the smaller, partially catabolized lipoprotein fraction. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM toshiko.tanaka@tufts.edu OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 578 EP 582 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200009 PM 17311943 ER PT J AU Swain, JH Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Swain, James H. Johnson, LuAnn K. Hunt, Janet R. TI Electrolytic iron or ferrous sulfate increase body iron in women with moderate to low iron stores SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; FEMALE BLOOD-DONORS; TASK-FORCE REPORT; ELEMENTAL IRON; CARBONYL IRON; NONHEME-IRON; HEME-IRON; DOUBLE-BLIND; HIGH-BIOAVAILABILITY; FORTIFICATION IRON AB Commercial elemental iron powders (electrolytic and reduced iron), as well as heme iron supplements, were tested for efficacy in improving the iron status of women. In a randomized, double-blind trial, 51 women with moderate to low iron stores received daily for 12 wk: 1) placebo, 2) 5 mg iron as heme iron or 50 mg iron as 3) electrolytic iron, 4) reduced iron, or 5) FeSO4. Treatments were provided in 2 capsules (heme carrier) and 3 wheat rolls (other iron sources). Differences in iron status, food nonheme iron absorption, and fecal properties were evaluated. Body iron, assessed from the serum transferrin receptor:ferritin ratio, increased significantly more in subjects administered FeSO4 (127 +/- 29 mg; mean SEM) and electrolytic (115 +/- 37 mg), but not the reduced (74 +/- 32 mg) or heme (65 +/- 26 mg) iron forms, compared with those given placebo (2 +/- 19 mg). Based on body iron determinations, retention of the added iron was estimated as 3.0, 2.7, 1.8, and 15.5%, in the 4 iron-treated groups, respectively. Iron treatments did not affect food iron absorption. The 50 mg/d iron treatments increased fecal iron and free radical-generating capacity in vitro, but did not affect fecal water cytotoxicity. In subjects administered FeSO4, fecal water content was increased slightly but significantly more than in the placebo group. In conclusion, electrolytic iron was similar to 86% as efficacious as FeSO4 for improving body iron, but the power of this study was insufficient to detect any efficacy of the reduced or heme iron within 12 wk. With modification, this methodology of testing higher levels of food fortification for several weeks in healthy women with low iron stores has the potential for economically assessing the efficiency of iron compounds to improve iron status, C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 620 EP 627 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200016 PM 17311950 ER PT J AU McLean, ED Allen, LH Neumann, CG Peerson, JM Siekmann, JH Murphys, SP Bwibo, NO Demment, MW AF McLean, Erin D. Allen, Lindsay H. Neumann, Charlotte G. Peerson, Janet M. Siekmann, Jonathan H. Murphys, Suzanne P. Bwibo, Nimrod O. Demment, Montague W. TI Low plasma vitamin B-12 in Kenyan school children is highly prevalent and improved by supplemental animal source foods SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B12; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; VILLAGE POPULATIONS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; SCHOOLCHILDREN; MALABSORPTION; TODDLERS; ETHIOPIA AB The high prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in many regions of the world is becoming recognized as a widespread public health problem, but it is not known to what extent this deficiency results from a low intake of the vitamin or from its malabsorption from food. In rural Kenya, where a previous study identified a high prevalence of inadequate vitamin B-12 intakes, this study examined whether plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations were associated with dietary sources of the vitamin at baseline and could be increased by supplementation with animal source foods (ASF). The 4 experimental groups in 503 school children were: 1) control (no food provided), 2) githeri (a maize and bean staple with added oil); 3) githeri + meat (githeri + minced beef); or 4) githeri + milk (githeri + milk). Feedings were isocaloric. Dietary data were collected at baseline, and biochemical data at baseline and after 1 and 2 y of feeding. Baseline plasma vitamin B-12 concentration was 193.6 +/- 105.3 pmol/L and correlated with % energy from ASIF (r= 0.308, P < 0.001). The odds ratio for low plasma vitamin B-12 (< 148 pmol/L), which occurred in 40% of children, was 6.28 [95% Cl: 3.07-12.82] for the lowest vs. highest ASF intake tertile (P < 0.001). Feeding ASF (meat or milk) greatly reduced the prevalence of low plasma vitamin B-12 (P < 0.001). The high prevalence of low plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in these children is predicted by a low intake of ASF, and supplemental ASF improves vitamin B-12 status. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Global Livestock CRSP, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lhallen@ucdavis.edu NR 34 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200025 PM 17311959 ER PT J AU Mersmann, HJ AF Mersmann, Harry J. TI Flavonoids and heart health - Proceedings of the ILSI North America Workshop Held May 31-June 1, 2005 in Washington, DC - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODELS C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mersmann@msn.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 696 EP 697 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200029 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD AF Mitchell, A. D. TI Impact of research with cattle, pigs, and sheep on nutritional concepts: Body composition and growth SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut ID SEVERE UNDERNUTRITION; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ADULT ANIMALS; LIVE WEIGHT; ENERGY; SWINE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; PERFORMANCE AB Studies with pigs, cattle, and sheep have provided a wealth of information regarding growth and body composition. Most of this information has been obtained using the standard methods for measuring the body composition of meat animals, which consist of dissection and chemical analysis. These methods have been used with meat animals to validate a variety of in vivo techniques that are used in both animal and human body composition studies. Research on the growth and body composition of meat animals has provided important concepts regarding the relation between growth and composition, including chemical maturity, the effects of severe undernutrition, partitioning of nutrients under various physiological conditions, the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and compensatory growth following a period of undernutrition. In addition, several genetic and physiological conditions affecting growth and body composition have been identified in meat animals that serve as important models for both animal and human growth. C1 Growth Biol Lab, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), Growth Biol Lab, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. EM mitchell@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200033 PM 17311967 ER PT J AU Erdman, JW Balentine, D Arab, L Beecher, G Dwyer, JT Folts, J Harnly, J Hollman, P Keen, CL Mazza, G Messina, M Scalbert, A Vita, J Williamson, G Burrowes, J AF Erdman, John W., Jr. Balentine, Douglas Arab, Lenore Beecher, Gary Dwyer, Johanna T. Folts, John Harnly, James Hollman, Peter Keen, Carl L. Mazza, G. Messina, Mark Scalbert, Augustin Vita, Joseph Williamson, Gary Burrowes, Jerrilynn TI Flavonoids and heart health: Proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31-June 1, 2005, Washington, DC SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Flavonoids and Heart Health CY MAY 31-JUN 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Branch ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POTENTIALLY ANTICARCINOGENIC FLAVONOIDS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENIC COMPOUNDS; ESTRADIOL-INDUCED TUMORIGENESIS; IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INHIBIT PLATELET-FUNCTION AB This article provides an overview of current research on flavonoids as presented during a workshop entitled, "Flavonoids and Heart Health," held by the ILSI North America Project Committee on Flavonoids in Washington, DC, May 31 and June 1, 2005. Because a thorough knowledge and understanding about the science of flavonoids and their effects on health will aid in establishing dietary recommendations for bioactive components such as flavonoids, a systematic review of the science of select flavonoid classes (i.e., flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins) was presented. The objectives of the workshop were to 1) present and discuss current research on flavonoid intake and the relation between flavonoids and heart health; 2) develop information that could lead to expert consensus on the state-of-the-science of dietary intake of flavonoids on heart health; and 3) summarize and prioritize the research needed to establish the relations between specific flavonoids and heart health. Presentations included the basics of the biology of flavonoids, including the types and distribution in foods, analytical methodologies used to determine the amounts in foods, the bioavailability, the consumption patterns and potential biomarkers of intake, risk assessment and safety evaluation, structure/ function claims, and the proposed mechanism(s) of the relation between certain flavonoids and heart health endpoints. Data presented support the concept that certain flavonoids in the diet can be associated with significant health benefits, including heart health. Research gaps were identified to help advance the science. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20711 USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RIKLIT, Inst Food Safety, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. AAFCPacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA USA. Lab Malad Metab & Micronutr, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Nestle Res Ctr, Lausanne 26, Switzerland. Long Isl Univ, Greenvale, NY 11548 USA. RP Burrowes, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jerrilynn.burrowes@liu.edu RI Williamson, Gary/C-9684-2010; Mazza, Giuseppe /A-2833-2013; Hollman, Peter/I-7446-2013 OI Williamson, Gary/0000-0002-5624-6267; Hollman, Peter/0000-0002-7510-6809 NR 289 TC 158 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 137 IS 3 BP 718S EP 737S PG 20 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 139LV UT WOS:000244434200034 PM 17311968 ER PT J AU Connell, CL Yadrick, MK Simpson, P Gossett, J Mcgee, BB Bogle, ML AF Connell, Carol L. Yadrick, M. Kathleen Simpson, Pippa Gossett, Jeffrey McGee, Bernestine B. Bogle, Margaret L. TI Food supply adequacy in the Lower Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE food supply adequacy; food store; survey; rural region ID AVAILABILITY; INSECURITY; STORES; ACCESSIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITIES; HOUSEHOLDS; RESIDENTS; HEALTH; COST AB Objective: To assess food supply adequacy within 3 food store types in the Lower Mississippi Delta. Design: Regional food store survey to determine availability and quality of 102 food items in 62 supermarkets, 77 small/medium stores, and 86 convenience stores. Setting: Lower Mississippi Delta region of the United States. Participants: 225 food stores in 18 counties. Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) food items available and quality ratings of 6 food sections across store types. Results: On average, supermarkets carried 96% of the items that compose the TFP. Mean percentage of TFP carried in small/medium stores was 50%. Convenience stores carried 28% of the TFP items. Supermarkets had higher overall quality ratings and quality ratings for fresh and frozen foods compared to small/medium and convenience stores (P <.01). Implications for Research and Practice: Although supermarkets carried a large percentage of items surveyed, the number of supermarkets in this region is limited. Community residents with limited transportation to reach supermarkets may experience limited food supply adequacy. Therefore, community-based nutrition interventions should include partnerships with small/medium food retailers while trying to impact residents' food choices within those stores. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. So Univ & A&M Coll, Coll Agr Family & Consumer Sci, Baton Rouge, LA USA. USDA ARS, SPA, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Connell, CL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, 118 Coll Dr 5172, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM Carol.Connell@usm.edu NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2006.10.007 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 150MV UT WOS:000245221800005 PM 17346655 ER PT J AU Story, JA Klurfeld, DM AF Story, Jon A. Klurfeld, David M. TI In memoriam: David Kritchevsky, 1920-2006 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Story, JA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jastory@purdue.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.01.001 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 143MY UT WOS:000244727700001 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Samuitiene, M Rasomavicius, V Navalinskiene, M Staniulis, J Davis, RE AF Valiunas, D. Samuitiene, M. Rasomavicius, V. Navalinskiene, M. Staniulis, J. Davis, R. E. TI Subgroup 16SrIII-F phytoplasma strains in an invasive plant, Heracleum sosnowskyi, and an ornamental, Dictamnus albus SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mollicutes; RFLP; identification; phylogeny; hogweed; gas-plant ID CLASSIFICATION AB Phytoplasma strains were detected in an aggressive and widespread, invasive plant species, Heracleum sosnowskyi (hogweed), and in Dictamnus albus (gas-plant) exhibiting yellows disease symptoms in northern Lithuania. Analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNAs revealed that the strains, designated heracleum yellows (HerY) and dictamnus stunt (DicSt), respectively, belong to subgroup 16SrIII-F (milkweed yellows phytoplasma subgroup). The results established that phytoplasma is a natural enemy of hogweed and D. albus in the Baltic region. While subgroup 16SrIII-F strains occur in four plant species (Vaccinium corymbosum, V myrtillus, H. sosnowskyi' and D. albus) in Europe, Asclepias syriaca (milkweed) in North America is the only known host elsewhere. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Lab Phytoviruses, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. Inst Bot, Lab Flora & Geobot, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 151AH UT WOS:000245260200016 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, Marjorie B. TI Developing a fluorescent latex microparticle immunoassay using Alexa Fluor 568 for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANNED MUSHROOMS; FOOD; BIOSENSOR; OUTBREAK; DYES; MILK; RAW AB Staphylococcus aureus produces heat-stable toxins that cause major foodborne gastroenteritis. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most recovered toxin in staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. A sensitive method for the detection of SEA is needed for food safety and food defense monitoring. The objectives of this study were to develop a fluorescent immunoassay for the detection of SEA below the toxic level of 1 ng/mL and to minimize sample preparation. An affinity-purified anti-SEA was covalently linked to polystyrene microparticles. The SEA toxin was labeled with Alexa Fluor 568 (A568). The concentrations of these reagents were optimized for the detection of SEA in buffer and spiked hotdogs. SEA in samples was captured by the anti-SEA linked to the latex, followed by the binding of the SEA-A568 tracer. The latex-anti-SEA complex, bound with SEA and SEA-A568, was separated by centrifugation, and the fluorescent density of the supernatant was measured. SEA was detected at 0.25-10 ng/mL in buffer and in spiked hotdogs (ng/g). This fluorescent latex particle immunoassay can be utilized for the detection of SEA in a multitoxin detection system. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Marjorie.medina@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2007.00076.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 155XX UT WOS:000245613100002 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Albin, DM AF Gehring, Andrew G. Albin, David M. TI Protein-based microarray for the detection of pathogenic bacteria SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY MICROARRAY; DNA MICROARRAY; BINDING; ASSAY; ANALYTE; FORMAT AB Microarrays have been used for gene expression and protein interaction studies, but recently, multianalyte diagnostic assays have employed the microarray platform. We developed a microarray immunoassay for bacteria, with biotinylated capture antibodies on streptavidin slides. To complete the fluorescent sandwich immunoassay following capture of bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7), a fluorescein-labeled antibody was used to label antibody-bound bacteria. The assay time was less than 4 h. As this method was developed, it became apparent that several methodological factors markedly affected the results. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate methodological factors that affected the assay, including analysis of variation in normal printing, use of a coverslip to contain sample exposure to the microarrayed antibodies, surface chemistries of capture antibody immobilization/attachment and assay reaction time. The use of a coverslip during immunological reactions reduced the fluorescent signal by approximately 50% compared with the use of an uncovered, hydrophobic barrier that was also used to contain sample solution during exposure to the microarray. Also, when protein G was used for capture antibody attachment, a lower signal was generated than when biotinylated capture antibody was used. At high bacterial concentrations (10(8) or 10(9) cells/mL), the assay could be shortened to less than 20 min. Antibody microarrays were effectively used to detect bacteria, but assay parameters markedly affected the results and required careful design. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM andrew.gehring@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2007.00074.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 155XX UT WOS:000245613100003 ER PT J AU Paoli, GC Brewster, JD AF Paoli, George C. Brewster, Jeffrey D. TI A Listeria monocytogenes-specific phage-displayed antibody fragment recognizes a cell surface protein whose expression is regulated by physiological conditions SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; P60; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; SEROTYPES; PRODUCTS; ANTIGEN; PH AB We recently selected a phage-displayed single-chain antibody that detects several strains of Listeria monocytogenes and does not cross-react with any of the other five species of Listeria. The efficacy of a phage-displayed anti-L. monocytogenes single-chain antibody as a detection reagent was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using L. monocytogenes grown at different temperatures and in a variety of media commonly used for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from food. The best results were observed when cells were grown in supplemented Fraser enrichment broth. The antigen detected by the phage-displayed antibody was present on the surface of the cells grown between 20 and 42C, but was not present on the cell surface when cells were grown at or below 15C. As determined by Western blot analysis, the antibody bound to a protein with apparent molecular mass of approximately 90 kD. Identification of the protein antigen would allow a more rational approach to the development of an antibody-based method for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes. C1 ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Paoli, GC (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM George.Paoli@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2007.00079.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 155XX UT WOS:000245613100005 ER PT J AU Feder, I Wijey, C Paoli, GC Tu, SI AF Feder, Ingrid Wijey, Chandi Paoli, George C. Tu, Shu-I TI Evaluation of enrichment media for detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef using immunomagnetic-electrochemiluminescence SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; SEPARATION; FOOD; PCR; SPP.; BACTERIA; SEROTYPE; O157/H7 AB Various enrichment media were evaluated in developing a process for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef samples using an immunomagnetic separation (IM)/electrochemiluminescent (ECL) procedure. Ground beef was inoculated with different levels of E. coli O157:H7 and enriched in either brilliant green bile (BGB) 2% broth, modified E. coli broth with novobiocin (mEC), mEC without novobiocin (mEC w/o N) or Gram-negative (GN) broth, Hajna containing vancomycin, cefixime and cefsuludin at 37C for 6 h. Following enrichment, boiled samples were filtered, concentrated by IM and assayed using ECL. Using this process, the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef spiked at a level of 1 cfu/10 g could be detected by IM-ECL in samples that had been enriched in BGB, mEC or mEC w/o N. IM-ECL assays that were performed on samples enriched in GN broth were inconsistent, even with inocula as high as 100 cfu of E. coli O157:H7. The boiled samples prepared after enrichment with mEC or mEC w/o N required considerable filtration time to remove particulate material; however, the boiled samples prepared after enrichment in BGB could be filtered rapidly. Thus, BGB enrichment coupled with an IM-ECL procedure allowed a more facile, and potentially more rapid, method for the detection of low numbers of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef samples. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Paoli, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM George.Paoli@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2007.00080.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 155XX UT WOS:000245613100006 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Gehring, A Paoli, GC AF Tu, Shu-I Gehring, Andrew Paoli, George C. TI Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in shell egg contents by immunomagnetic capture and time-resolved fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; IN-GROUND BEEF; RAPID DETECTION; SYSTEM; BEADS AB A sandwich method was developed for the detection of Salmonella in shell egg contents. Different outbreak strains of Salmonella were used to inoculate shell egg contents at levels between 1 and 25 cfu/egg. Spiked eggs were then mixed with proper enrichment media before incubation at 37C for 4-20 h. After enrichment, the bacteria were first captured by the use of immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with anti-Salmonella antibodies. The captured bacteria were further labeled with samarium (Sm)-conjugated anti-Salmonella antibodies. Sandwiched Salmonella were then treated with fluorescence enhancement solution that contained strong Sm chelators. The processes ranging from IMB capture to Sm chelation were performed using an automated KingFisher apparatus (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA). The fluorescence intensity of chelated Sm was then measured by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF). Using this approach, the presence of similar to 1 cfu of outbreak strains of Salmonella Enteritidis per egg (similar to 50 g of egg content) could be detected after enrichment for 20 h at 37C. For higher levels of S. Enteritidis contamination, e.g., 10 cfu/50 g of egg content, the enrichment time could be reduced to 5 h at 37C. Thus, depending on desired sensitivity, the whole detection process could be completed within either an 8-h shift or 24 h. The results demonstrated that a combination of IMB capture and TRF measurement could be a rapid and sensitive method for S. Enteritidis detection in eggs. C1 ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ave, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Shui.Tu@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2007.00081.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 155XX UT WOS:000245613100007 ER PT J AU Kostecke, RM Linz, GM Kenyon, MJ Bleier, WJ AF Kostecke, Richard M. Linz, George M. Kenyon, Mary Jo Bleier, William J. TI Relative abundance of diurnal raptors as an index of potential exposure to an avicide used to cull blackbirds SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE red-tailed hawk; Buteo jamaicensis; abundance; avicide C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Kostecke, RM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM rkostecke@tnc.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[73:RAODRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 174LS UT WOS:000246944300015 ER PT J AU Cunha, SC Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Fernandes, JO Oliveira, MBPP Oliveira, PP AF Cunha, Sara C. Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Fernandes, Jose O. Oliveira, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, P. P. TI Evaluation of the QuEChERS sample preparation approach for the analysis of pesticide residues in olives SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE direct sample introduction; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; multiresidue pesticide analysis; olive oil ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES; GC-MS; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS; FOOD MATRICES; OIL; PROTECTANTS; VEGETABLES AB This paper describes the use of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for extraction and cleanup of 16 pesticide residues of interest in olives and olive oil. These products contain a high lipid content, which can adversely affect pesticide recoveries and harm traditional chromatographic systems. For extraction, the main factors (oil and water content) were studied and optimized in experiments to maximize pesticide recoveries. Dispersive SPE with different sorbents was also investigated to minimize matrix coextractives and interferences. For analysis, a new automated DSI device was tested in GC-MS to avoid nonvolatile coextractives from contaminating the instrument. LC-MS/MS with positive ESI was used for those pesticides that were difficult to detect by GC-MS. The final method was validated for olives in terms of recoveries, repeatabilities, and reproducibilities using both detection techniques. The results demonstrated that the method achieved acceptable quantitative recoveries of 70-109% with RSDs < 20% for DSI-GC-MS and 88-130% with RSDs < 10% for LC-MS/MS, and LOQ at or below the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides were achieved. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Porto, REQUIMTE, Serv Bromatol, Fac Farm, Oporto, Portugal. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008; Cunha, Sara/D-6652-2013; Fernandes, Jose/D-6704-2013; REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; REQUIMTE, FOOD/M-4670-2013; REQUIMTE, LAQV/N-9835-2013; OI Cunha, Sara/0000-0003-4320-2318; Fernandes, Jose/0000-0002-8565-2942; Oliveira, Beatriz/0000-0002-6767-6596 NR 37 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 71 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 EI 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 620 EP 632 DI 10.1002/jssc.200600410 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 149JR UT WOS:000245143700021 PM 17444232 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Sheridan, JM Williams, RG Bosch, DD Sullivan, DG Blanchett, DR Hargett, LM Clegg, CM AF Lowrance, R. Sheridan, J. M. Williams, R. G. Bosch, D. D. Sullivan, D. G. Blanchett, D. R. Hargett, L. M. Clegg, C. M. TI Water quality and hydrology in farm-scale coastal plain watersheds: Effects of agriculture, impoundments, and riparian zones SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; farm ponds; nutrients; sediment; suspended solids ID BUFFER SYSTEM; PLASTIC MULCH; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT AB Dense dendritic stream networks in the Tifton Upland (southeastern U.S. coastal plain) provide an opportunity to determine the effects of land management practices on individual farms on downstream hydrology and water quality. A typical farm will be drained by two or three small streams. The streams may be bordered by riparian forests or impounded into firm ponds. Two adjacent farm-scale basins, both of which were 50 to 60 ha (124 to 148 ac) in size were compared for seven years to determine the effects of upstream agricultural land uses, downstream riparian zones, and small impoundments on stream water quality and hydrology. Stream water quality was sampled at four points on the two basins and at a downstream outlet where the two streams came together in a firm pond. The north basin had more cropland than the south basin and had much more area in plastic-covered beds for vegetable production. The south basin had less land in crop production and much more of the total basin area in firm ponds used to supply irrigation water. The north basin had more surface runoff and higher loads of all nutrients and sediment. The south basin had only 55% of the total runoff of the north basin, probably due to the presence of about 6% of the total watershed area in firm ponds. Up to 26% of the north basin (38% of total cropland) was occupied by wide plastic-covered beds in the last two years of the study. Large quantities of sediment transported in surface runoff from these fields on the north basin led to increases in sediment concentrations and loads of over 100 times compared to both the south basin and to earlier years of the study. Based on reductions in differences in loads and concentrations between upstream and downstream sites, there is less potential to reduce nutrients and sediment once these materials are in stream flow than when water is moving to streams through a riparian buffer. A downstream pond that received inputs from both the north and south basins had significantly lower concentrations of most nutrients and sediments than either of the upstream sampling sites. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 24 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 159LS UT WOS:000245868000018 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Schuman, GE AF Derner, J. D. Schuman, G. E. TI Carbon sequestration and rangelands: A synthesis of land management and precipitation effects SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE grazing; legumes; nitrogen inputs; precipitation gradient; soil organic carbon (SOC) ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; MIXED-GRASS RANGELAND; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SATIVA SSP FALCATA; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; UNITED-STATES; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; C SEQUESTRATION AB Management of rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter, a process termed carbon sequestration. Here we provide a review of current knowledge on the effects of land management practices (grazing, nitrogen inputs, and restoration) and precipitation on carbon sequestration in rangelands. Although there was no statistical relationship between change in soil carbon with longevity of the grazing management practice in Dative rangelands of the North American Great Plains, the general trend seems to suggest a decrease in carbon sequestration with longevity of the grazing management practice across stocking rates. The relationship of carbon sequestration to mean annual precipitation is negative for both the 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9 in) and 0 to 30 cm (0 to 11.8 in) soil depths across stocking rates. The threshold from positive to negative carbon change occurs at approximately 440 mm (17.3 in) of precipitation for the 0 to 10 cm soil depth and at 600 mm (23.6 in) for the 0 to 30 cm soil depth. We acknowledge that largely unexplored is the arena of nianagement-environment interactions needed to increase our understanding of cliniate-plaiit-soil-microbial interactions as factors affecting nutrient cycling. Continued refinement of estimates of terrestrial carbon storage in rangelands will assist in the development of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon credit marketing policies, as well as potentially modifying government natural resource conservation programs to emphasize land management practices that increase carbon sequestration. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 101 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 19 U2 95 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 159LS UT WOS:000245868000019 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, DA Norfleet, ML Causarano, HJ Williams, JR Shaw, JN Franzluebbers, AJ AF Abrahamson, D. A. Norfleet, M. L. Causarano, H. J. Williams, J. R. Shaw, J. N. Franzluebbers, A. J. TI Effectiveness of the soil conditioning index as a carbon management tool in the southeastern USA based on comparison with EPIC SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; cover cropping; crop rotation; modeling; water use efficiency ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; POULTRY LITTER; COASTAL-PLAIN; COTTON GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; WATER-USE; NO-TILL; YIELD; SEQUESTRATION AB Models are being developed and utilized by scientists and government agencies to quantify the potential for carbon storage in soil. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) v. 3060 model is a process-based model requiring detailed inputs. The soil conditioning index (SCI) is a sunpler tool to predict relative change it] soil organic carbon (SOC) using table values for three management components (i.e., organic matter, field operations, and erosion) within the framework of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 model. Our objective was to determine whether SOC sequestration front no-tillage cropping systems in the southeastern USA could be simply predicted with SCI compared with detailed simulations using EPIC. Four management systems were evaluated: (1) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with conventional tillage, (2) cotton with no tillage, (3) corn (Zea mays L.)cotton rotation with no tillage, and (4) bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.)-corn-cotton rotation with no tillage. All no-tillage systems used wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a cover crop. Sirnulated SOC sequestration with EPIC was 0.46 +/- 0.06 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (410 +/- 51 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)) under the three no-tillage management systems and -0.03 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (-30 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)) under conventional tillage. The SCI also predicted a strong difference in SOC between converttional and no tillage. Differences in SOC sequestration aniong crop rotations were not readily apparent with EPIC but were with SCI. Predictions of SOC sequestration with SCI were comparable to those with EPIC but not necessarily in a linear manner as previously suggested. The SCI appears to be a valuable method for rnaking reasonable, cost-effective estimates of potential changes in SOC with adoption of conservation management in the southeastern USA, although validations under actual field conditions are still needed. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Abrahamson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 159LS UT WOS:000245868000021 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Velazquez-Garcia, I Scopel, E Torbert, HA AF Potter, K. N. Velazquez-Garcia, I. Scopel, E. Torbert, H. A. TI Residue removal and climatic effects on soil carbon content of no-till soils SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE no-till; residue harvest; soil organic carbon; temperature ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; MATTER; CROP; EROSION; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB While no-till management practices usually result ill increased soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, the effect of residue removal with no-till is not well understood, especially in warmer climates. A multi-year study was conducted at six locations having a wide range of climatic conditions in central Mexico to determine the effect of varying rates of residue removal with no-till oil SOC. Mean annual temperatures ranged from 16 degrees C to 27 degrees C (61 degrees F to 81 degrees F). Mean annual rainfall ranged from 618 to 1099 min yr(-1) (24 to 43 in yr(-1)). Treatments consisted of annual moldboard plowing under residue and no-till with 100%, 66%, 33%, and no corn (Zea mays L.) residue retained oil the no-till surface. At five of the six locations, no-till with all surface residues removed maintained SOC levels above that of moldboard plowing which incorporated all residues. Retaining 100% of the crop residues with no-till always increased or maintained the SOC content. SOC increased in cooler climates, but as mean annual temperature increased, more retained crop residues were needed to increase the SOC. In tropical (mean annual temperature > 20 degrees C) conditions, 100% corn residue retention with no-till only maintained SOC levels. Mean annual temperature ad a greater impact oil SOC than did annual rainfall. It appears that, in warmer climates, residue in excess of that needed for erosion control may be used for animal fodder or energy production. At the higher temperatures, most of the residue will decompose if left oil the soil surface Without improving soil carbon contents. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 110 EP 114 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 159LS UT WOS:000245868000023 ER PT J AU Whiting, SJ Green, TJ Calvo, MS AF Whiting, Susan J. Green, Timothy J. Calvo, Mona S. TI Vitamin D intakes in North America and Asia-Pacific countries are not sufficient to prevent vitamin D insufficiency SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Vitamin D CY APR 07-12, 2006 CL Victoria, CANADA SP Novacea Inc, Solvay Pharmaceut BV, Teijin Ltd DE vitamin D intake; fortification; supplementation ID WOMEN; HEALTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHOLECALCIFEROL; PERSPECTIVE; BARRIERS; CALCIUM; TRIAL AB Worldwide, vitamin D status is suboptimal relative to circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) needed to prevent a variety of chronic conditions, however, it has long been assumed that dietary intake is sufficient to meet needs when sun exposure is limited. In the USA, mean vitamin D intake from foods is close to 5 mu g, the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation for persons up to 50 years; however, the amount of vitamin D needed to maintain a sufficient 25OHD level during winter is > 12.5 mu g, and that needed for darkly pigmented, veiled, or sun protected persons is > 50 mu g. In the USA, most vitamin D intake from foods is provided by fortification. Canada and New Zealand have fewer fortified choices, and intakes are correspondingly lower. Supplement use can increase mean intake to > 12.5 mu g but does not always reach those who need it most. Serum 25OHD levels in New Zealand reveal much more insufficiency than expected, especially for Pacific people and Maori; low serum 25OHD concentrations are seen throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Fortification and supplementation may be effective to achieve intakes of 12.5 mu g vitamin D in some of the population, but for many achieving the amount needed in the absence of skin synthesis requires intakes above the current upper level for vitamin D of 50 mu g. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. Univ Otago, Dept Human Nutr, Dunedin, New Zealand. USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Whiting, SJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, 110 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. EM susan.whiting@usask.ca RI Green, Tim/E-5043-2010; OI Green, Timothy/0000-0002-0667-4300 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.067 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 158WU UT WOS:000245826800080 PM 17218094 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Kline, DL Allan, SA Grant, A AF Hoel, D. F. Kline, D. L. Allan, S. A. Grant, A. TI Evaluation of carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and lactic acid as baits in Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro traps for Aedes albopictus in North Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; attractants; Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro trap; carbon dioxide; octenol; lactic acid ID MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE; HARRIS COUNTY; ATTRACTANTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; AEGYPTI; VIRUS; DISCOVERY; BUTANONE; ACETONE AB The impact of the attractants 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and L-lactic acid (Lurex (TM)) on collection of Aedes albopictus in Suburban backyards was assessed in Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro traps. These carbon dioxide-producing traps were additionally baited with commercial formulated lures with octenol, lactic acid, octenol + lactic acid, or no attractant (control) and evaluated in 4 residential sites. Three repetitions of the study resulted in the total collection of 1,321 Ae. albopictus. Significantly more Ae. albopictus were captured in traps baited with octenol + lactic acid than in traps baited only with octenol. Lactic acid-baited and control trap captures were not significantly different from octenol + lactic acid- or octenol-baited trap totals. Octenol- + lactic acid-baited traps collected 36.2% and 52.0% more Ae. albopictus than lactic acid-baited and control traps, respectively. Male Ae. albopictus accounted for 26.7% of the total capture. Other mosquito species collected in sufficient numbers for analysis included Cx. nigripalpus, Ochlerotatus infirmatus, Psorophora ferox, and Cx. erraticus. Larger numbers of these species were collected in traps that were unbaited or baited with only octenol than in traps baited with lactic acid or octenol + lactic acid. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Amer Biophys Corp, N Kingstown, RI 02852 USA. RP Hoel, DF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[11:EOCDOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 159LF UT WOS:000245866500002 PM 17536362 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Jones, KC Foglia, TA Nunez, A Lee, JH Kim, YM Vu, PL Lee, KT AF Lee, Jeung Hee Jones, Kerby C. Foglia, Thomas A. Nunez, Alberto Lee, Jong Ho Kim, Yu Mi Vu, Phuong-Lan Lee, Ki-Teak TI Separation of triacylglycerol species from interesterified oils by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE APCI mass spectrometry evaporated light-scattering detection; low-calorie structured lipids; reversed-phase and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ID LIPASE-CATALYZED ACIDOLYSIS; PACKED-BED BIOREACTOR; STRUCTURED LIPIDS; ACID; FATS AB Using a 1,3-regioselective lipase as a catalyst, soybean oil and olive oil were interesterified with the short-chain triacylglycerol tributyrin (1,2,3-tributyrylglycerol) to produce mixtures of structured triacylglycerols (SL-TAG). The SL-TAG were purified by column chromatography and analyzed by both normal-phase (silica column; NPSIL) and reversed-phase [octadecyl silane (ODS) column] high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Individual SL-TAG molecular species were detected by evaporative light-scattering detection, and characterized by mass spectrometry. NPSIL HPLC successfully separated the newly synthesized SL-TAG into two groups of TAG: one composed of one butyryl group and two long-chain fatty acyl groups (from soybean or olive oil); the second was composed of two butyryl groups and one long-chain fatty acyl group. The SL-TAG species were further analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC which gave a more detailed separation of the TAG species present in the two SL-TAG. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM ktlee@cnu.ac.kr NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1029-x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 144VC UT WOS:000244823400002 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Hojilla-Evangelista, MP Peterson, SC Biresaw, G AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Hojilla-Evangelista, Mila P. Peterson, Steve C. Biresaw, Girma TI Barley protein isolate: Thermal, functional, rheological, and surface properties SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE barley; proteins; crosslinking; acetylation; rheology; extraction; foaming; DSC; glass transition; surface tension ID AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION; MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CROSS-LINKING; SOY PROTEINS; FRACTIONS; FLOUR; CORN; EXTRACTION; GLUTENIN; GLIADIN AB Barley protein isolate (BPI) was extracted in 0.015 N NaOH in a 10:1 ratio solvent:flour and was precipitated by adjusting the pH to 4.5 and freeze-dried. The thermal properties of BPI were determined using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). BPI with 4% moisture content exhibited a glass transition (T-g) with 140 degrees C onset, 153 degrees C middle, and 165 degrees C end temperatures and a Delta C-p of 0.454 J/g per degrees C. The high moisture content sample (50%) showed a T-g at 89, 91, or 94 degrees C and 0.067 Delta C-p. Acetylation had no apparent effect on the foaming and emulsifying properties of protein from barley flour but exhibited the least-stable foam among BPI samples. Foaming capacities of both barley protein isolates were similar to 12% less than that of acid-precipitated soy protein isolate reported in the literature. Acetylated BPI showed the highest surface hydrophobicity compared to the other samples. The surface-tension test confirmed that unmodified and modified BPI possessed surface activity. BPI phosphorous oxycloride-crosslinked was the most effective in lowering the surface tension of aqueous NaCl, while the crosslinked BPI was the least effective. The G' value of BPI suspension was greater than G" at all frequencies from 0.1 to 100 rad/s. The strain value at which linear behavior ceased and nonlinear behavior began ranged from 3 to 10%. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 84 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1027-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 144VC UT WOS:000244823400009 ER PT J AU Pitchay, DS Frantz, JM Locke, JC Krause, CR Fernandez, GCJ AF Pitchay, Dharmalingam S. Frantz, Jonathan M. Locke, James C. Krause, Charles R. Fernandez, George C. J. TI Impact of applied nitrogen concentration on growth of elatior Begonia and New Guinea impatiens and susceptibility of Begonia to Botrytis cinerea SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; floriculture; biotic stress ID CALCIUM NUTRITION; FORM RATIO; GRAY MOLD; DISEASE; TOMATO; POTASSIUM; PLANTS; FERTILIZATION; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE AB Plant performance and appearance in deficient and toxic levels of nutrients are well characterized. However, less is known about the potential subtleties of plant growth, form, development, nutrient uptake, and biotic stress tolerance in the broad tolerable range. Begonia [Beg (Begonia x tuberhybrida Voss)] and new guinea impatiens [NGI (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.)] were grown over a wide range of N (from 1.78 to 57.1 mm NH4:NO3 ratio at a 1: 1 ratio supplied as nutrient solution) in a peat:perlite soilless substrate in greenhouse conditions. Plant growth, development, chlorophyll content, leaf angle, nutrient uptake, tissue caloric value, and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. disease were evaluated in two experiments. Elevated N supply resulted in decreased plant height (16% in Beg and 7% to 16% in NGI), flower count (3% to 48% in Beg and 7% to 49% in NGI), bud numbers (23% to 80% in Beg), canopy area (11% to 33% in NGI), and mass (21% to 33% in Beg and 18% to 58% in NGI). Chlorophyll content saturated at an N supply of 28.6 mm. N uptake efficiency, shoot N use efficiency, and shoot N utilization efficiency decreased with increasing N supply. Elevated levels of N supply from 7.15 to 57.1 mm also increased the susceptibility of Beg to B. cinerea disease by 10% to 80% in stems and 3% to 14% in leaves. The increase in susceptibility also corresponded with increased tissue energy content (kJ.g(-1)) and altered leaf orientation. This study indicates many plant changes occur between nutrient extremes that can have a significant impact on growth, development, and the ability to withstand disease. C1 Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Agr Expt Stn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, ATRU, 2801 W Bancroft St,Mail Stop 604, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM Jonathan.Frantz@utoledo.edu NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 132 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 151OX UT WOS:000245301100007 ER PT J AU Deng, ZN Goktepe, F Harbaugh, BK Hu, JG AF Deng, Zhanao Goktepe, Fahrettin Harbaugh, Brent K. Hu, Jinguo TI Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among caladium cultivars and species using molecular markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Araceae; aroid; Caladium xhortulanum; C. bicolor; C. schomburgkii; germplasm; target region amplification polymorphism ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; AFLP MARKERS; INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RESISTANCE; TRAP; IDENTIFICATION AB Caladium (Caladium x hortulanum Birdsey) is an important aroid widely used in the ornamental plant industry. Concerns have been raised about possible loss of genetic diversity due to a drastic decline in the number of cultivars in the last century. This study assessed genetic diversity and relationships among caladium cultivars and species accessions. Forty-five major cultivars and 14 species accessions were analyzed based on 297 DNA fragments produced by the target-region amplification polymorphism marker system. A low level of diversity (44.4% polymorphism) was exhibited in cultivars, while a high level of diversity (96.8% polymorphism) was present among seven accessions of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent., Caladium marmoratum Mathieu, Caladium picturatum C. Koch, and Caladium schomburgkii Schott. A small percentage (7.6%) of DNA fragments was present in cultivars but absent in the seven species accessions, while a high percentage (32.2%) of DNA fragments was present in the seven species accessions but absent in cultivars. Cultivars shared a higher level of similarity at the molecular level with an average Jaccard coefficient at 0.802, formed a large group in cluster analysis, and concentrated in the scatter plot from a principal-coordinate analysis. Two accessions of C. bicolor and C. schomburgkii were very similar to cultivars with Jaccard similarity coefficients from 0.531 to 0.771, while the rest of the species accessions had small similarity coefficients with cultivars (0.060 to 0.386). Caladium steudinirifolium Engler and Caladium lindenii (Andre) Madison were very dissimilar to C. bicolor, C. marmoratum, C. picturatum, and C. schomburgkii, with Jaccard similarity coefficients from 0.149 to 0.237 (C steudnirifolium) and from 0.060 to 0.118 (C. lindenii). There is a limited amount of molecular diversity in caladium cultivars, but the great repertoire of unique genes in species accessions could be used to enhance the diversity in future cultivars and reduce potential genetic vulnerability. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Environm Hort Dept, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Deng, ZN (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Environm Hort Dept, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM zdeng@ufl.edu NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 132 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 151OX UT WOS:000245301100011 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Strik, BC AF Bryla, David R. Strik, Bernadine C. TI Effects of cultivar and plant spacing on the seasonal water requirements of highbush blueberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; irrigation; plant water potential; root distribution; soil water availability; water use efficiency ID IRRIGATION; GROWTH; DENSITIES; FLORIDA; YIELD AB Plant water requirements were investigated in three northern highbush blueberry (Vaceinium corymbosum L.) cultivars, Duke, Blueerop, and Elliott, grown either at a high-density spacing of 0.45 to apart within rows or a more traditional spacing of 1.2 In. Spacing between rows was 3.0 m. As is typical for the species, each cultivar was shallow-rooted with most roots located less than 0.4 In deep, and each was sensitive to soil water deficits with plant water potentials declining as low as -1.6 MPa within 5 to 7 days without rain or irrigation. Compared with traditional spacing, planting at high density significantly reduced dry weight and yield of individual plants but significantly increased total dry weight and yield per hectare. High-density planting also significantly increased total canopy cover and water use per hectare. However, although canopy cover (often considered a factor in water use) increased up to 246%, water use never increased more than 10%. Because of more canopy cover at high density, less water penetrated the canopy during rain or irrigation (by overhead sprinklers), reducing both soil water availability and plant water potential in each cultivar and potentially reducing water use. Among cultivars, water use was highest in 'Duke', which used 5 to 10 mm(.)d(-1), and lowest in 'Elliott', which used 3 to 5 mm-d-. Peak water use in each cultivar was during fruit development, but water use after harvest declined sharply. Longer irrigation sets (i.e., longer run times) or alternative irrigation methods (e.g., drip) may be required when growing blueberry at high density, especially in cultivars with dense canopies such as 'Elliott'. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 132 IS 2 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 151OX UT WOS:000245301100017 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Paszczynska, B Bettge, AD King, GE AF Morris, Craig F. Paszczynska, Bozena Bettge, Arthur D. King, Garrison E. TI A critical examination of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test for wheat meals SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE SDS sedimentation; sodium dodecyl sulfate; wheat; quality tests; protein quality ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; SMALL-SCALE TESTS; DURUM-WHEAT; GLUTEN STRENGTH; BAKING QUALITY; HARDNESS AB Sedimentation tests have long been used to characterise wheat flours and meals with the aim of predicting processing and end-product qualities. However, the use of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test for durum wheat (AACC International Approved Method 56-70) has not been characterised for hexaploid wheat varieties with a diverse range of protein quality and quantity. This paper reports the variation associated with important method parameters: sample weight, SDS concentration, technician, grinder and screen aperture (particle size). Sedimentation volumes were recorded every 5 min for 30 min and expressed as specific volume, i.e. sediment volume in mL g(-1) meal. Ten diverse hexaploid wheat samples of markedly different protein quality and quantity were examined. The SDS sedimentation assay was shown to be highly robust and reproducible, with ANOVA (analysis of variance) model R-2 values greater than 0.98 (individual time points). The procedure delineated soft and hard hexaploid wheat samples based on a combination of protein quantity and quality. Sample weight (if corrected to unit weight basis), recording time of at least 10 min, SDS stock concentration of at least 10 g L-1 (final), grinder type and screen aperture were minor sources of variation in SDS sedimentation volume relative to the effects due to differences among wheat samples. Interactions among ANOVA model terms were of relatively minor importance. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 146DT UT WOS:000244915400009 ER PT J AU Welker, TL McNulty, ST Klesius, PH AF Welker, Thomas L. McNulty, Shawn T. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Effect of sublethal hypoxia on the immune response and susceptibility of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, to enteric septicemia SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; PLASMA-CORTISOL; STRESS-RESPONSE; COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; LYSOZYME ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; RAFINESQUE; FISH AB The effect of sublethal hypoxia exposure on stress and immune responses and susceptibility to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was investigated. Fish were monitored for temporal changes in glucose and cortisol concentrations before, during, and after 2 h exposure to sublethal hypoxia (< 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen [DO]) and when maintained under normoxic conditions (6.0 +/- 0.3 mg/L DO). Both blood glucose and plasma cortisol increased significantly in response to hypoxic conditions. Fish exposed to hypoxic or normoxic conditions were challenged with a high dose (1.3 x 10(7) colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) or a low dose (1.3 x 10(5) CFU/mL) of E. ictaluri or sterile culture broth by 30-min immersion bath. Approximately 1% of fish in both the normoxic and the hypoxic groups died when challenged with the low dose of E. ictaluri. However, when challenged with the high dose of E. ictaluri, catfish exposed to hypoxic conditions had significantly higher cumulative mortality (36 +/- 12.1%) than those maintained under normoxic conditions (12 +/- 1.1%). Total hemolytic complement and bactericidal activities and antibody response were lower in hypoxia-exposed channel catfish, indicating that increased susceptibility of channel catfish to E. ictaluri may be the result of the immunosuppressive effects of the stress response to hypoxia. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Animn Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Animn Hlth Res Unit, 90 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00069.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 150YB UT WOS:000245254400002 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Shelby, R Klesius, PH AF Welker, Thomas L. Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Shelby, Richard Klesius, Phillip H. TI Immune response and resistance to stress and Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed diets containing commercial whole-cell yeast or yeast subcomponents SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE RESPIRATORY BURST; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BETA-GLUCAN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; BREWERS-YEAST; SPARUS-AURATA; VITAMIN-C; L.; IMMUNOSTIMULANTS AB Dietary supplementation of yeast or yeast subcomponents (YYS) as commercial preparations of beta-glucan (MacroGard((R)); Biotec-Mackzymal, Tromso, Norway; and Betagard A((R)); Aqua-In-Tech, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos (TM) Aqua Grade; Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA), or whole-cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levucell SB20((R)); Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI, USA) at the manufacturer's recommended levels was evaluated on the physiological performance of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were fed YYS diets for 4 wk, followed by 2 wk of control diet. Fish were sampled at the end of each feeding period (4 and 6 wk) to measure hematological and immune parameters and growth and to determine the effects of dietary beta-glucan on resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection and to low-water stress (6 wk). Supplementation of YYS in diets did not affect growth performance, hematology, or immune function. Survival from E. ictaluri infection was from 5 to 17.5% higher in fish fed YYS diets than in the control group, but the increases were not significant. Some improvement in stress resistance was observed in YYS-fed catfish after exposure to low-water stress. Stress reduction in fish fed diets supplemented with yeast subcomponents has been reported previously, but thus far, no explanation has been proposed for this effect. The present study and the previously published research suggest that dietary YYS supplementation does not appear to improve resistance of channel catfish to E. ictaluri. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2006.00070.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 150YB UT WOS:000245254400003 ER PT J AU Richt, JA Kunkle, RA Alt, D Nicholson, EM Hamir, AN Czub, S Kluge, J Davis, AJ Hall, SM AF Richt, Jurgen A. Kunkle, Robert A. Alt, David Nicholson, Eric M. Hamir, Amir N. Czub, Stefanie Kluge, John Davis, Arthur J. Hall, S. Mark TI Identification and characterization of two bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases diagnosed in the United States SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE bovine spongiform encephalopathy; cattle; immunohistochemistry; Prnp gene; Western blot ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; PROTEIN GENE PRNP; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AGENT; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; BRITISH CATTLE; PRP GENOTYPE; MULE DEER AB Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle, first detected in 1986 in the United Kingdom and subsequently in other countries. It is the most likely cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, but the origin of BSE has not been elucidated so far. This report describes the identification and characterization of two cases of BSE diagnosed in the United States. Case 1 (December 2003) exhibited spongiform changes in the obex area of the brainstem and the presence of the abnormal form of the prion protein, PrPSc, in the same brain area, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis. Initial suspect diagnosis of BSE for case 2 (November 2004) was made by a rapid ELISA-based BSE test. Case 2 did not exhibit unambiguous spongiform changes in the obex area, but PrPSc was detected by IHC and enrichment Western blot analysis in the obex. Using Western blot analysis, PrPSc from case 1 showed molecular features similar to typical BSE isolates, whereas PrPSc from case 2 revealed an unusual molecular PrPSc pattern: molecular mass of the unglycosylated and monoglycosylated isoform was higher than that of typical BSE isolates and case 2 was strongly labeled with antibody P4, which is consistent with a higher molecular mass. Sequencing of the prion protein gene of both BSE-positive animals revealed that the sequences of both animals were?within the range of the prion protein gene sequence diversity previously reported for cattle. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Di sLivestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Agcy, Pathobiol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl BSE Reference Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3M4, Canada. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Di sLivestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jricht@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156NX UT WOS:000245657300002 PM 17402608 ER PT J AU Valentine, BA Rumbeiha, WK Hensley, TS Halse, RR AF Valentine, Beth A. Rumbeiha, Wilson K. Hensley, Terry S. Halse, Richard R. TI Arsenic and metaldehyde toxicosis in a beef herd SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; TOXICITY AB Over a 12-day period, 13 animals in a herd of 110 beef cattle developed ataxia with profound muscle fasciculations progressing to recumbency. Twelve animals (5 adults and 7 calves from 8-10 months of age) died, and 1 cow was euthanized. Hemorrhagic diarrhea occurred in some, but not all, animals. The onset of clinical signs was at least 12 hours after the cattle had gained access to contents of old buildings used for storage, and the majority of deaths occurred within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Approximately 9 kg of unidentified pellets were found strewn in the barn area where the cattle had been. Autolysis considered more severe than expected for the postmortem interval, suggestive of high body temperature before death, and congestion of body tissues were the only significant findings detected in the cow that was euthanized and submitted for necropsy examination. The clinical history and lack of postmortem lesions were most consistent with toxicity. A toxic level of arsenic (6.18 ppm) was detected in the kidney, and metaldehyde was detected in the liver. The pellets were analyzed and found to contain both arsenic and metaldehyde, consistent with a discontinued molluscicidal product. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. APHIS Vet Serv, USDA, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. RP Valentine, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Magruder 142, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Beth.Valentine@oregonstate.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156NX UT WOS:000245657300016 PM 17402622 ER PT J AU Lihoradova, OA Ogay, ID Abdukarimov, AA Azimova, SS Lynn, DE Slack, JA AF Lihoradova, Olga A. Ogay, Irina D. Abdukarimov, Abdusattor A. Azimova, Sh. S. Lynn, Dwight E. Slack, Jeffrey A. TI The Homingbac baculovirus cloning system: An alternative way to introduce foreign DNA into baculovirus genomes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; expresson vector system; homing endonuclease; cloning system ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUSES; INSECT CELLS; TEMPORAL EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; SEQUENCE; GENE; VECTOR; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS AB An in vitro baculovirus cloning system has been developed for direct cloning of foreign DNA into baculovirus genomes. This system is called the "Homingbac system" because it uses homing endonucleases. The Homingbac system was engineered into the baculoviruses AcMNPV, BmNPV, PxMNPV, RoMNPV, HaSNPV and HzSNPV. All Homingbac viruses were designed to retain the polyhedra phenotype so that they could be inoculated per os to insects. This is the first time a common in vitro baculovirus cloning system has been made for multiple baculovirus species that include both groups I and II nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). In this Study, the Homigbac system was demonstrated by directly cloning a PCR-amplified beta-gluctironidase gene cassette into a parent Homingbac virus. This new collection of groups I and II NPV Homingbac viruses are a significant expansion of in vitro cloning technology and are new tools for making recombinant baculoviruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Inst Genet & Plant Expt Biol, Tashkent 7002151, Uzbekistan. Inst Chem Plant Subst, Tashkent 700170, Uzbekistan. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Slack, JA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM slackj@nrcan.gc.ca NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.10.016 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 142SX UT WOS:000244671400008 PM 17141883 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, Y Valles, SM Strong, CA AF Hashimoto, Yoshifumi Valles, Steven M. Strong, Charles A. TI Detection and quantitation of Solenopsis invicta virus in fire ants by real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dicistroviridae; SINV-1A; Solenopsis invicta virus; fire ant; QPCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MITE VARROA-JACOBSONI; DEFORMED WING VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; RT-PCR; HONEY-BEE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; SINGLE APHIDS; AMPLIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION AB A quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) method was developed to detect and quantify the amount of Solenopsis invicta virus (SINV) infecting individual ants of S. invicta. The two-step method utilized a gene-specific oligonucleotide primer targeting the SINV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for cDNA synthesis. Dithiothreitol used in the cDNA synthesis step was found to significantly decrease the detection sensitivity for SINV RdRp and was therefore omitted. SINV RdRp cDNA was then quantified by QPCR using SYBR Green dye and a standard curve generated from SINV RdRp plasmid clones. A standard curve was successfully constructed from clones of the SINV RdRp region. A strong linear relationship [r(2) = 0.998; y = (-3.63 +/- 0.37)x + (39.19 +/- 1.33)] between CT and starting SINV RdRp copy number was observed within a dynamic range of 5-5 x 10(6) copies. SINV RdRp copy number was determined with the optimized QPCR method in individual S. invicta ants taken from an infected field colony. Worker ants exhibited the highest RdRp copy number (2.1 x 10(9) copies/worker ant) and pupae exhibited the lowest (4.2 x 10(2) copies/pupa). Mean RdRp copy number was lowest in early larvae and pupae. Overall, SINV RdRp copy number increased through larval development, sharply declined during pupation, then sharply increased in adults. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.008 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 142SX UT WOS:000244671400018 PM 17174411 ER PT J AU Kato, CY Mayer, RT AF Kato, Cecilia Y. Mayer, Richard T. TI An improved, high-throughput method for detection of bluetongue virus RNA in Culicoides midges utilizing infrared-dye-labeled primers for reverse transcriptase PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bluetongue virus; infrared-dye; reverse transcriptase PCR; Culicoides sonorensis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; DNA SEQUENCER; TISSUE SAMPLES; CERATOPOGONIDAE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; VECTOR; BLOOD AB A new rapid (less than 6h from insect-to-results) high-throughput assay that is sensitive and specific for detecting BTV RNA in Culicoides biting midges is reported. Homogenization and extraction of nucleic acids from individual Culicoides specimens were performed in a 96-well plate format using specialized beads in a homogenization buffer compatible with cell culture and RNA extraction. A portion of homogenate (10%) from each specimen was retained for confirmatory infectious virus isolation, while the remaining 90% was used for RNA extraction. The RNA was used in a single step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) reaction with infrared (IR)-dye- labeled primers. The RT-PCR products were visualized in agarose gels with an infrared scanner. The adaptation of IR-dye-labeled primers in combination with a one step RT-PCR resulted in a detection limit of 0.5 pfu of purified BTV RNA. All 24 serotypes of BTV prototype strains and none of the 8 serotypes of the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) prototype strains were detected. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Coll Agr, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Kato, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Coll Agr, D3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM ckato@uwyo.edu; dmayer@uwyo.edu NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.009 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 142SX UT WOS:000244671400019 PM 17187871 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AM AF Iverson, Louis R. Prasad, Anantha M. TI Using landscape analysis to assess and model tsunami damage in Aceh province, Sumatra SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami damage; prediction; random forests; Indonesia; forests; developed areas; modeling damage; classification and regression trees; tsunami warning; mangroves ID CATEGORICAL MAPS; PREDICTION; VEGETATION AB The nearly unprecedented loss of life resulting from the earthquake and tsunami of December 26, 2004, was greatest in the province of Aceh, Sumatra (Indonesia). We evaluated tsunami damage and built empirical vulnerability models of damage/no damage based on elevation, distance from shore, vegetation, and exposure. We found that highly predictive models are possible and that developed areas were far more likely to be damaged than forested zones. Modeling exercises such as this one, conducted in other vulnerable zones across the planet, would enable managers to create better warning and protection defenses, e. g., tree belts, against these destructive forces. C1 United States Dept Agr, Forest Serv, No Res Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Forest Serv, No Res Serv, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM liverson@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 23 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9062-6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 139TJ UT WOS:000244455200001 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Milne, DB Gallagher, S Johnson, L Hoverson, B AF Nielsen, Forrest H. Milne, David B. Gallagher, Sandra Johnson, LuAnn Hoverson, Bonita TI Moderate magnesium deprivation results in calcium retention and altered potassium and phosphorus excretion by postmenopausal women SO MAGNESIUM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnesium deficiency; calcium retention; phosphorus metabolism; potassium; mineral balance; magnesium requirement ID NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT; METABOLIC-RESPONSES; MINERAL METABOLISM; BONE-RESORPTION; DIETARY BORON; RATS; DEFICIENCY; DEPLETION; ERYTHROCYTES; ABSORPTION AB Enzyme and or hormone actions have not been shown to be consistently changed by consuming a low-magnesium diet similar to one that may occur in the general population. Thus, a human metabolic study was performed to determine whether deficient intakes of magnesium similar to those that occur naturally have pathophysiological effects through altering calcium retention and the metabolism of other minerals (sodium, potassium, phosphorus) involved in cellular ionic balance. Fifteen postmenopausal Caucasian women were recruited by advertisement throughout the United States. Eleven women (ages 49 to 71 years) completed the study as designed. The women resided in a metabolic research unit and consumed a basal Western-type diet that resulted in a mean intake of 4.40 mmol (107 mg) magnesium/d. The women were fed the basal diet supplemented with 9.05 mmol (220 mg) magnesium/d for 18 d (equilibration) before being assigned to one of two groups in an experiment with a double blind, crossover design. One group was fed the basal diet and supplemented with a lactose placebo while the other group continued consuming the basal diet supplemented with 9.05 mmol magnesium/d for 72 d, then each group switched to the other's diet, which they consumed for 72 d. Magnesium was supplemented as magnesium gluconate. Magnesium deprivation resulted in a non-positive magnesium balance (421 mmol or -5 mg/d) that was highly positive during magnesium supplementation (+2.22 mmol or +54 mg/d). Magnesium deprivation decreased red blood cell membrane magnesium (2.5 versus 2.7 nmol or 0.061 versus 0.065 mu g/mg protein; p <= 0.05). Magnesium deprivation increased calcium balance (+0.82 mmol or +35 mg/d versus -0.02 or -1 mg/d; p <= 0.009); decreased the fecal excretion of phosphorus (28.9% versus 32.3% of intake; p <= 0.0001); increased the urinary excretion of phosphorus (73.4% versus 71.0%; p <= 0.003); and decreased the urinary excretion of potassium (40.4 mmol or 1.58 g/d versus 41.9 mmol or 1.64 g/d; p <= 0.04). Non-positive magnesium balance and decreased red blood cell membrane magnesium concentration apparently are indicators of magnesium deprivation. Moderate magnesium deprivation achieved through diet alone results in increased calcium retention. Magnesium deprivation also alters phosphorus and potassium excretion. The changes indicate that an intake of 4.40 mmol (107 mg) magnesium/d is inadequate for postmenopausal women because of changes in cellular ionic balance that may lead to pathophysiological conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2 Ave N STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN LIBBEY & CO LTD PI LONDON PA 13 SMITHS YARD, SUMMERLEY ST, LONDON SW18 4HR, ENGLAND SN 0953-1424 J9 MAGNESIUM RES JI Magnes. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 163VG UT WOS:000246190700004 PM 17536485 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Lyman, RF Ordovas, JA Mackay, TFC AF Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Lyman, Richard F. Ordovas, Jose A. Mackay, Trudy F. C. TI Candidate genes affecting Drosophila life span identified by integrating microarray gene expression analysis and QTL mapping SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE life span; microarray gene expression; QTL; Drosophila aging ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; GENOME-WIDE; TARGETING SEQUENCES; AFFECTING LONGEVITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; STRESS RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB The current increase in life expectancy observed in industrialized societies underscores the need to achieve a better understanding of the aging process that could help the development of effective strategies to achieve healthy aging. This will require not only identifying genes involved in the aging process, but also understanding how their effects are modulated by environmental factors, such as dietary intake and life style. Although the human genome has been sequenced, it may be impractical to study humans or other long-lived organisms to gain a mechanistic understanding about the aging process. Thus, short-lived animal models are essential to identifying the mechanisms and genes that affect the rate and quality of aging as a first step towards identifying genetic variants in humans. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes between two strains of Drosophila (Oregon and 2b) for which quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting life span were identified previously. We collected males and females from both strains at young and old ages, and assessed whole genome variation in transcript abundance using Aflymetrix GeneChips. We observed 8217 probe sets with detectable transcripts. A total of 2371 probe sets, representing 2220 genes, exhibited significant changes in transcript abundance with age; and 839 probe sets were differentially expressed between Oregon and 2b. We focused on the 359 probe sets (representing 354 genes) that exhibited significant changes in gene expression both with age and between strains. We used these genes to integrate the analysis of microarray gene expression data, bioinformatics, and the results of genetic mapping studies reported previously, to identify 49 candidate genes and four pathways that could potentially be responsible for regulating life span and involved in the process of aging in Drosophila and humans. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM,Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM,Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chao.lai@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 45344] NR 95 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 128 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2006.12.003 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 144KB UT WOS:000244793800001 PM 17196240 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Berkebile, DR Skoda, SR Mori, K Mihok, S AF Carlson, D. A. Berkebile, D. R. Skoda, S. R. Mori, K. Mihok, S. TI Candidate sex pheromones of the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mate recognition; screwworm fly; sex pheromone; sterile insect technique ID HOUSE-FLY; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; CALLIPHORIDAE; RESPONSES; EXTRACTS; FLIES AB Five novel homologous acetate derivatives of long-chain secondary alcohols and a related ketone were tested for their efficacy as contact mating stimulants for Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Full copulatory behaviour at a high percentage was found in tests with racemic 6-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane at 2.5-20 mu g using fertile males from three strains. Males of two strains responded nearly as well to 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane, but an older strain first colonized in 1992 did not respond to this compound. Few or no copulatory responses were obtained to the other secondary alcohol acetates and a related ketone. These two acetate derivatives are the first sex pheromones identified in a calliphorid fly. The threshold of response was also tested, but could not be pinpointed. C1 USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. Fuji Favor Co Ltd, Inset Pheromone & Traps Div, Tokyo, Japan. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dacarls@gmail.com OI Mihok, Steve/0000-0003-2328-8986 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00655.x PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154ZA UT WOS:000245546100010 PM 17373951 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Brown, JS Kuhn, DN Motamayor, JC Schnell, RJ AF Borrone, James W. Brown, J. Steven Kuhn, David N. Motamayor, Juan C. Schnell, Raymond J. TI Microsatellite markers developed from Theobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tags; microsatellite; simple sequence repeats; Theobroma cacao ID POPULATION; RESISTANCE; DISEASE AB Theobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were converted into useful genetic markers for fingerprinting individuals and genetic linkage mapping. Primers were designed to microsatellite-containing ESTs. Twenty-two T. cacao accessions, parents of various mapping populations segregating for disease resistance and crop yield characteristics, were tested. Twenty-seven informative loci were discovered with 26 primer pairs. The number of detected alleles ranged from two to 11 and averaged 4.4 per locus. All 27 markers could be mapped into at least one of the existing F-1 or F-2 populations segregating for agronomically important traits. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Masterfoods USA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rschnell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01561.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 140QL UT WOS:000244520600014 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Haig, SM AF Funk, W. Chris Mullins, Thomas D. Forsman, Eric D. Haig, Susan M. TI Microsatellite loci for distinguishing spotted owls (Strix occidentalis), barred owls (Strix varia), and their hybrids SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE backcross; F-1; hybrid identification; microsatellites; Strix occidentalis; Strix varia ID OTUS-ELEGANS-BOTELENSIS; DNA PRIMERS; MARKERS AB We identified four diagnostic microsatellite loci that distinguish spotted owls (Strix occidentalis), barred owls (Strix varia), F-1 hybrids and backcrosses. Thirty-four out of 52 loci tested (65.4%) successfully amplified, and four of these loci (11.8%) had allele sizes that did not overlap between spotted and barred owls. The probability of correctly identifying a backcross with these four loci is 0.875. Genotyping potential hybrid owls with these markers revealed that field identifications were often wrong. Given the difficulty of identifying hybrids in the field, these markers will be useful for hybrid identification, law enforcement and spotted owl conservation. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, Dept Agr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cfunk@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01581.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 140QL UT WOS:000244520600028 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Genovese, KJ He, H AF Kogut, M. H. Genovese, K. J. He, H. TI Flagellin and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the MEK-ERK signaling pathway in chicken heterophils through differential activation of the small GTPases, Ras and Rap1 SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ras; Rap1; flagellin; LPS; Toll-like receptors; chickens; heterophils; innate immunity; signal transduction ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; GRAM-NEGATIVE FLAGELLIN; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; P38 MAPK; AVIAN MACROPHAGE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PROTEIN-KINASE; EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-1; IDENTIFICATION AB The TLR agonists, flagellin (FLG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulate functional activation and cytokine gene expression via the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERKI/2) MAP kinase cascade. However, the upstream mechanisms of these signaling events remain unknown. In mammals, the small GTP-binding protein Ras mediates ERK1/2 activation through activation of downstream effectors Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 in response to a variety of stimuli. It is not clear whether this classic Ras cascade plays a role in TLR signaling in avian cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of Ras in FLG- and LPS-mediated signaling in ERK activation in chicken heterophils. Treatment of heterophils with LPS caused a rapid (within 5 min) activation of Ras-GTR The role of Ras activation in LPS-induced stimulation of ERK1/2 was corroborated when the specific Ras inhibitor. FFI-277, inhibited ERK1/2 activation. The classic Ras-mediated pathway of ERKI/2 activation by LPS was confirmed when the specific Raf-1 inhibitor, GW 5074, and the MEK1/2 inhibitor, UO 126, both reduced ERK activation by 51-60%. Of more interest was that treatment of the heterophils with FLG did not activate Ras-GTP. Likewise, neither FTI-277 nor GW 5074 had any effect on FLG-mediated activation of ERK1/2. Another small GTPase, Rap1, has been shown to play a role in mammalian neutrophil function. Using a Rap1-GTP pull-down assay, we found that FLG stimulation, but not LPS, of avian heterophils induced a rapid and transient Rap 1 activation. Rap 1 has been shown to activate the ERK1/2 via a different Raf family member B-Raf whose downstream effector is MEK1/2. We show here that FLG stimulation of heterophils induces the phosphorylation of Rap1. The FLG induction of the Rap1 -> B-Raf -> MEK1/2 -> ERK1/2 cascade was confirmed by the reduction of ERK1/2 activation by the specific Rapi inhibitor (GGTI-298) and U0126. The results demonstrate that for the first time that the small GTPase Ras family is involved in TLR signaling of avian heterophils with the TLR agonists LPS (Ras) and FLG (Rap1) inducing differential signaling cascades to activate the downstream ERK MAP kinase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Lab Avian Innate Immun, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lab Avian Innate Immun, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1729 EP 1736 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.292 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 129WB UT WOS:000243759700029 PM 17045653 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Winkler, IS Wiegmann, BM AF Scheffer, Sonja J. Winkler, Isaac S. Wiegmann, Brian M. TI Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera : Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE phytophagy; Acalypterate; Opomyzoidea; host-use evolution; endophagy ID LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-I; SPECIES LIMITS; MITOCHONDRIAL; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; INFERENCE; FAMILIES; INSECTS; PRIMERS AB The leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are a diverse group whose larvae feed internally in leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and roots of a wide variety of plant hosts. The systematics of agromyzids has remained poorly known due to their small size and morphological homogeneity. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among genera within the Agromyzidae using parsimony and Bayesian analyses of 2965 bp of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial COI gene, the nuclear ribosomal 28S gene, and the single copy nuclear CAD gene. We included 86 species in 21 genera, including all but a few small genera, and spanning the diversity within the family. The results from parsimony and Bayesian analyses were largely similar, with major groupings of genera in common. Specifically, both analyses recovered a monophyletic Phytomyzinae and a monophyletic Agromyzinae. Within the subfamilies, genera found to be monophyletic given our sampling include Agromyza, Amauromyza, Calycomyza, Cerodontha, Liriomyza, Melanagromyza, Metopomyza, Nemorimyza, Phytobia, and Pseudonapomyza. Several genera were found to be polyphyletic or paraphyletic including Aulagromyza, Chromatomyia, Phytoliriomyza, Phytomyza, and Ophiomyia. We evaluate our findings and discuss host-use evolution in light of current agromyzid taxonomy and two recent hypotheses of relationships based on morphological data. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sscheffe@sel.barc.usda.gov OI Winkler, Isaac/0000-0003-2453-021X NR 67 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 756 EP 775 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.018 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 157KB UT WOS:000245717300014 PM 17291785 ER PT J AU Ravirala, RS Barabote, RD Wheeler, DM Reverchon, S Tatum, O Malouf, J Liu, H Pritchard, L Hedley, PE Birch, PRJ Toth, IK Payton, P San Francisco, MJD AF Ravirala, Ramani S. Barabote, Ravi D. Wheeler, David M. Reverchon, Sylvie Tatum, Ouwatha Malouf, Jeremy Liu, Hui Pritchard, Leighton Hedley, Peter E. Birch, Paul R. J. Toth, Ian K. Payton, Paxton San Francisco, Michael J. D. TI Efflux pump gene expression in Erwinia chrysanthemi is induced by exposure to phenolic acids SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE acrA; bacterial resistance; emrA ID MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; VIRUS-INOCULATED TOBACCO; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALICYLIC-ACID; MULTIDRUG EFFLUX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BENZOIC-ACID; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule in local and systemic plant resistance. Following infection by microbial pathogens and the initial oxidative burst in plants, SA accumulation functions in the amplification of defense gene expression. Production of pathogenesis-related proteins and toxic antimicrobial chemicals serves to protect the plant from infection. Successful microbial pathogens utilize a variety of mechanisms to rid themselves of toxic antimicrobial compounds. Important among these mechanisms are multidrug-resistance pumps that bring about the active efflux of toxic compounds from microbial cells. Here, we show that a combination SA and its precursors, t-cinnamic acid and benzoic acid, can activate expression of specific multidrug efflux pump-encoding genes in the plant pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi and enhance survival of the bacterium in the presence of model as well as plant-derived antimicrobial chemicals. This ability of plant-pathogenic bacteria to co-opt plant defense-signaling molecules to activate multidrug efflux pumps may have evolved to ensure bacterial survival in susceptible host plants. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. UCB, UMR CNRS 5122, INSA, Unite Microbiol & Genet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Allied Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee, Scotland. RP San Francisco, MJD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michael.sanfrancisco@ttu.edu RI Pritchard, Leighton/A-7331-2008; Barabote, Ravi/B-8727-2011; Hedley, Peter/F-1149-2011; Birch, Paul/F-7681-2012; Sylvie, Reverchon/P-7932-2016; Barabote, Ravi/C-1299-2017; OI Pritchard, Leighton/0000-0002-8392-2822; Sylvie, Reverchon/0000-0002-0478-3474; Barabote, Ravi/0000-0002-0403-246X; Birch, Paul/0000-0002-6559-3746 NR 64 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1094/MPMI-20-3-0313 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 136XK UT WOS:000244257200010 PM 17378434 ER PT J AU OBrian, GR Georgianna, DR Wilkinson, JR Yu, J Abbas, HK Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Nierman, W Payne, GA AF OBrian, G. R. Georgianna, D. R. Wilkinson, J. R. Yu, J. Abbas, H. K. Bhatnagar, D. Cleveland, T. E. Nierman, W. Payne, G. A. TI The effect of elevated temperature on gene transcription and aflatoxin biosynthesis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AFLR; biosynthesis; micro-arrays ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION DATA; P53 GENE; PATHWAY; FLAVUS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROARRAY; REGULATOR; AFLR AB The molecular regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis is complex and influenced by several environmental conditions; one of these is temperature. Aflatoxins are produced optimally at 28-30 C, and production decreases as temperatures approach 37 C, the optimum temperature for fungal growth. To better characterize the influence of temperature on aflatoxin biosynthesis, we monitored the accumulation of aflatoxin and the expression of more than 5000 genes in Aspergillus favus at 28 C and 37 C. A total of 144 genes were expressed differentially (P < 0.001) between the two temperatures. Among the 103 genes more highly expressed at 28 C, approximately 25% were involved in secondary metabolism and about 30% were classified as hypothetical. Genes encoding a catalase and superoxide dismutase were among those more highly expressed at 37 C. As anticipated we also found that all the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes were much more highly expressed at 28 C relative to 37 C. To our surprise expression of the pathway regulatory genes aflR and aflS, as well as aflR antisense, did not differ between the two temperatures. These data indicate that the failure of A. favus to produce aflatoxin at 37 C is not due to lack of transcription of aflR or aflS One explanation is that AFLR is nonfunctional at high temperatures. Regardless, the factor(s) sensing the elevated temperatures must be acute. When aflatoxin-producing cultures are transferred to 37 C they immediately stop producing aflatoxin. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Funct Genom Grad Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7567, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gary_payne@ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.3852/mycologia.99.2.232 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 192WP UT WOS:000248234500008 PM 17682776 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Stone, JK Hansen, EM Shoemaker, RA AF Winton, Loretta M. Stone, Jeffrey K. Hansen, Everett M. Shoemaker, R. A. TI The systematic position of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE capnodiales; dothorioraceae; loculoascomycetes; mycosphaerellaceae; nrDNA; phylogenetics; Swiss needle cast; venturiaceae ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SEQUENCE DATA; DOUGLAS-FIR; EVOLUTION; CLASSIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; INFERENCE; TAXA AB Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, causal agent of the Douglas-fir foliar disease Swiss needle cast, is the only known pathogenic species of the genus. Current classifications place Phaeocryptopus in the Venturiaceae (Pleosporales), typified by the apple-scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis. All core members of this family have hyphomycetous anamorphs. We sought to confirm these relationships by means of phylogenetic analyses of the small (SSU) and large (LSU) subunits and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal gene sequences (nrDNA). Analyses indicated that both the genus Phaeocryptopus and the family Venturiaceae, as currently defined, are unnatural groups. Phaeocryptopus nudus, type of the genus, is aligned in the Dothioraceae (Dothideales) and P. gaeumannii in the Mycosphaerellaceae (Capnodiales) near species of Mycosphaerella and Rasutoria. Core representatives of Venturiaceae formed an unambiguous clade but ordinal placement was unresolved. The family apparently is not included in the Pleosporales, Dothideales, Myriangiales or Capnodiales. Coelomycetous Rhizosphaera form-species are accepted generally as anamorphic states of Phaeocryptopus, however the relationship never has been established conclusively. Species of Rhizosphaera are closely related to P. nudes but not to P. gaeumannii, supporting an anamorph-teleomorph connection between Rhizosphaera and Phaeocryptopus and providing further evidence that P. gaeumanii is not congeneric with P. nudus. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 303 O Neil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lori.winton@uaf.edu NR 70 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 99 IS 2 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.3852/mycologia.99.2.240 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 192WP UT WOS:000248234500009 PM 17682777 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Bergstrom, JC Loomis, JB AF Brown, Thomas C. Bergstrom, John C. Loomis, John B. TI Defining, valuing, and providing ecosystem goods and services SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; MARKETS; MECHANISMS; LESSONS AB Ecosystem services are the specific results of ecosystem processes that either directly sustain or enhance human life (as does natural protection from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays) or maintain the quality of ecosystem goods (as water purification maintains the quality of stream flow). "Ecosystem service" has come to represent several related topics ranging from the measurement to the marketing of ecosystem service flows. In this article we examine several of these topics by first clarifying the meaning of "ecosystem service" and then (1) placing ecosystem goods and services within an economic framework, emphasizing the role and limitations of substitutes; (2) summarizing the methods for valuation of ecosystem goods and services; and (3) reviewing the various approaches for their provision and financing. Many ecosystem services and some ecosystem goods are received without monetary payment. The "marketing" of ecosystem goods and services is basically an effort to turn such recipients - those who benefit without ownership - into buyers, thereby providing market signals that serve to help protect valuable goods and services. We review various formal arrangements for making this happen. C1 [Brown, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bergstrom, John C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Loomis, John B.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Loomis, John B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), RMRS, 2150-A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM thomas.brown@colostate.edu NR 62 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 43 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 329 EP 376 PG 48 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 274WE UT WOS:000254032700004 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Grigoriev, IV Grimwood, J Laplaza, JM Aerts, A Salamov, A Schmutz, J Lindquist, E Dehal, P Shapiro, H Jin, YS Passoth, V Richardson, PM AF Jeffries, Thomas W. Grigoriev, Igor V. Grimwood, Jane Laplaza, Jose M. Aerts, Andrea Salamov, Asaf Schmutz, Jeremy Lindquist, Erika Dehal, Paramvir Shapiro, Harris Jin, Yong-Su Passoth, Volkmar Richardson, Paul M. TI Genome sequence of the lignocellulose-bioconverting and xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; SACCHAROMYCES; STRAINS; GENES; METABOLISM; ETHANOL; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; LOCI; DNA AB Xylose is a major constituent of plant lignocellulose, and its fermentation is important for the bioconversion of plant biomass to fuels and chemicals. Pichia stipitis is a well-studied, native xylose-fermenting yeast. The mechanism and regulation of xylose metabolism in P. stipitis have been characterized and genes from P. stipitis have been used to engineer xylose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have sequenced and assembled the complete genome of P. stipitis. The sequence data have revealed unusual aspects of genome organization, numerous genes for bioconversion, a preliminary insight into regulation of central metabolic pathways and several examples of colocalized genes with related functions. The genome sequence provides insight into how P. stipitis regulates its redox balance while very efficiently fermenting xylose under microaerobic conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Stanford Univ, Human Genome Ctr, JGI Stanford, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Cargill, BioTechnol Dev Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Suwon, South Korea. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu; ivgrigoriev@lbl.gov RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013; Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Passoth, Volkmar/0000-0002-2059-9044 NR 50 TC 247 Z9 526 U1 2 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1038/nbt1290 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 143TP UT WOS:000244748300024 PM 17334359 ER PT J AU Dolinski, C Lacey, LA AF Dolinski, Claudia Lacey, Lawrence A. TI Microbial control of arthropod pests of tropical tree fruits SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bacteria; virus; fungus; nematode ID ORYCTES-RHINOCEROS COLEOPTERA; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CITRUS ROOT WEEVILS; HEMIPTERUS-SERICEUS COLEOPTERA; COSMOPOLITES-SORDIDUS GERMAR; NEMATODE STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; BASSIANA BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS DIPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE AB Amultitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide-variety of arthropods including tropical fruit pests. The majority of the research and applications in tropical fruit agroecosystems has been conducted in citrus, banana, coconut, and mango. Successful microbial control initiatives of citrus pests and mites have been reported. Microbial control of arthropod pests of banana includes banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (with EPNs and fungi) among others Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) is one of the most important pests of coconut and one of the most successful uses of non-occluded virus for classical biological control. Key pests of mango that have been controlled with microbial control agents include fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (with EPNs and fungi), and other pests. Also successful is the microbial control of arthropod pests of guava, papaya and pineapple. The challenge towards a broader application of entomopathogens is the development of successful combinations of entomopathogens, predators, and parasitoids along with other interventions to produce effective and sustainable pest management. C1 Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, CCTA, LEF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Dolinski, C (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, CCTA, LEF, Av Alberto Lamego,2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. NR 190 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA C POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 161 EP 179 DI 10.1590/S1519-566X2007000200001 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166VY UT WOS:000246410100001 PM 17607448 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Chambers, JL AF Lockhart, Brian Roy Chambers, Jim L. TI Cherrybark oak stump sprout survival and development five years following plantation thinning in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley, USA SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Quercus pagoda Raf.; stump sprouts; sprouting success; height growth ID RED OAK; SUCCESS; GROWTH AB Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) stump sprouts were studied for 5 years in a 30-year-old plantation thinned to 70-75% stocking (light thinning) and 45-50% stocking (heavy thinning). Sprouting success, survival, number of sprouts per stump, and sprout height differed little between thinning treatments throughout the 5-year study period. Pre-harvest tree d.b.h. also had no influence on sprout survival and development. A 2-year drought reduced survival and may have influenced sprout development. Sprout clump survival dropped from 90% 1 year following thinning to 46% 3 years after thinning. Although sprout height averaged 337 cm 5 years after thinning, annual sprout growth decreased from 166 cm the first year after thinning to 33 cm in each of the last 2 growing seasons. Results indicated that bottomland hardwood regeneration evaluation models may underestimate the potential of oak stump sprouts to contribute to pre-harvest regeneration assessments. Further study in the role of stump sprouts to regenerate bottomland oak species is needed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 432 Stoneville Rd,POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s11056-006-9022-7 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136CK UT WOS:000244200000006 ER PT J AU Wang, JX LeDoux, CB Edwards, P AF Wang, Jingxin LeDoux, Chris B. Edwards, Pam TI Changes in soil bulk density resulting from construction and conventional cable skidding using preplanned skid trails SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil bulk density; skid trails; skid trail construction; cable skidding; forest operations; Appalachian hardwood forest ID DISTURBANCE; COMPACTION AB A harvesting system consisting of chainsaw felling and cable skidder extraction was studied to determine soil bulk density changes in a central Appalachian hardwood forest site. Soil bulk density was measured using a nuclear gouge preharvest and postharvest systematically across the harvest site, on transects across skid trails, and for a subset of skid trail transects closest to log landing after each of the first ten loaded machine passes. Bulk density was also measured in skid trails after their construction but prior to skidding. Bulk density did not change significantly across the harvest site, because the extraction equipment stayed on the preplanned skid trails. Bulk density increased on the skid trails as a result of construction by crawler bulldozer and during skidding. Bulk density in the skid trail increased by 30% because of construction by a crawler bulldozer. Fifty-five percent of the increase in bulk density attributable to skidding occurred after one loaded pass, and 80% of the bulk density increase was experienced after two loaded passes. Bulk density increased by only 5% between passes five and ten. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jxwang@wvu.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 159HM UT WOS:000245856200002 ER PT J AU Small, ED Wilson, JS Kimball, AI AF Small, Erin D. Wilson, Jeremy S. Kimball, Alan I. TI Methodology for the re-location of permanent plot markers using spatial analysis SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE global positioning system; digital orthophotoquads; geographic information system; fire ecology; long-term ecological research AB A well-designed method of establishing, maintaining, and remeasuring permanent plots plays an essential role in long-term data collection. This article describes the re-location of plots set up 25 years earlier using conventional techniques of paced distances and compass directions. As a result, we needed to design and use a method for re-locating plot markers originally established without the benefit of spatial coordinates. Preplanned ground searches using a GIS, digital orthophotoquads, landmark maps, and aerial photographs improved our plot location efficiency and success. In 2003, we were able to re-locate 90% of the plots set up in 1978 to measure the vegetation dynamics after a fire in Baxter State Park, Maine. The spatial coordinates of these permanent plots were documented for future measurement. Lessons learned and techniques developed for this project can facilitate the re-location of permanent plots in other studies and can also be used to improve the documentation of newly established plot locations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Management, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Management, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Small, ED (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. EM esmall@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 EI 1938-3762 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 159HM UT WOS:000245856200006 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. TI Release of Oregon white oak from overtopping Douglas-fir: Effects on soil water and microclimate SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAP FORMATION; PUGET TROUGH; CLEAR-CUT; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; GROWTH; TREE; WASHINGTON; ROOT; CONDUCTANCE AB Many former Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodland and savanna stands in the coastal Pacific Northwest have been invaded by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) during the past century as a result of fire suppression. Douglas-fir overtop and suppress the shade-intolerant oak, causing its eventual mortality. Removal of Douglas-fir is necessary for restoration of these oak ecosystems, but such action will influence belowground and near-ground conditions, affecting residual trees and understory communities. In a three-year study on a glacial outwash soil near Olympia, Washington, we compared soil and microclimate conditions near overtopped and released oak trees to determine how soil water content (SWC), throughfall, soil and air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are affected when oak is released from overtopping Douglas-fir. In each year, volumetric SWC near all trees declined from similar to 0.25 m(3) m(-3) to similar to 0.10 m(3) m(-3) during the growing season, but this decline was delayed approximately one month in the released condition. Additionally, minimum SWC during late summer was 0.02 to 0.03 m(3) m(-3) greater near released trees than near overtopped trees. The understory in the released condition consumed more soil water than that in the overtopped condition, but only in the first year after release. During light rain events from May through July, throughfall was 170% greater in the released condition than in the overtopped condition. Release from Douglas-fir increased soil temperature, maximum air temperature, and maximum VPD. Release of oak trees from overtopping Douglas-fir reduced early- to mid-summer competition for soil water, which will likely benefit the formerly suppressed oak trees. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182BV UT WOS:000247481000003 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DE Craig, CL Schneider, KZ AF Ferguson, Dennis E. Craig, Christine L. Schneider, Kate Zoe TI Spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii DC) response to forest wildfires on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MACULOSA; NORTHWEST; INVASION; DIFFUSA; BIOLOGY; HISTORY; GROWTH; PLANT; FIRE AB The 2000 Bitterroot wildfires in Montana burned 124,250 ha of forest and rangelands on the Bitterroot National Forest. Because spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii DC) is common on the Bitterroot National Forest, there is a high potential of expanded knapweed populations following the wildfires. A stratified random sample was used to study forest vegetation development following the wildfires. A total of 283 plots in 71 stands were measured three times during the 5-year period after burning. Knapweed occurred on 19.4% of plots at 1 or 2 years postfire, 26.1% at 3 years, and 37.1% at 5 years. Occurrence at 5 years was higher on Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco] habitat types (56.0%) than on subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] habitat types (9.6%). Initially after the fire, occurrence and cover of knapweed were inversely correlated with forest floor burn severity; however, the rate of increase over time was higher at higher burn severities. Knapweed cover declined over time on plots with low burn severity and increased over time on plots with high burn severity. Knapweed was tallest on plots where it first occurred at year 3 and shortest where it first occurred at year 5. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetation recovery is important for reducing knapweed populations, especially on Douglas-fir habitat types. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Ferguson, DE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM deferguson@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182BV UT WOS:000247481000005 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Mazurek, MJ Zinck, J AF Zielinski, William J. Mazurek, Mary Jo Zinck, Jan TI Identifying the species of bats roosting in redwood basal hollows using genetic methods SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIG-EARED BAT; IDENTIFICATION; TOWNSENDII; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY AB Bats frequently use basal hollows in trees to gain access to interior roost sites but it has been challenging to verify which species do so because it is difficult to capture bats or identify bats using acoustic methods at these locations. We employed noninvasive genetic sampling of guano to identify the species of bats that use basal hollows in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) trees in coastal northern California. Guano was collected using screen traps suspended within the hollows of trees in the northern and central range of the redwood, in Del Norte and Mendocino County, California, respectively. A representative sample of 231 guano pellets from 104 trees was selected for analysis; 149 pellets from 63 trees amplified sufficiently for genetic sequencing. Species identification is possible for 8 of the 11 species that were assumed to occur in the study area, based on previous studies using two 190 bp regions of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene. Seven distinct species, subspecies or species groups were identified; all 7 were represented from samples in the northern study area whereas only 5 of these occurred within the central study area. The long-legged bat (Myotis volans) was the most frequent taxa identified. Genetic sampling to identify the species using roosts will be an important contribution to the conservation of bats. This method is noninvasive and appears more efficient than other methods, such as following radio-marked bats to basal hollows or attempting to capture bats as they enter or leave a hollow. New laboratory developments in this field, such as microarrays, when combined with sequencing, will open up domains of research on individual species and species composition at various temporal and geographic scales. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182BV UT WOS:000247481000007 ER PT J AU Brock, EH Ketterings, QM Kleinman, PJA AF Brock, Elizabeth H. Ketterings, Quirine M. Kleinman, Peter J. A. TI Phosphorus leaching through intact soil cores as influenced by type and duration of manure application SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE phosphorus leaching; manure; dairy; poultry ID SURFACE WATERS; AGRICULTURAL LAND; NEW-YORK; TRANSPORT; POULTRY; FLOW; PHOSPHATE; DRAINAGE; NITRATE AB Leaching of phosphorus (P) in manure-amended soils has received increased attention as a significant source of non-point source P pollution. Intact soil cores were collected from fields on a farm in Southern New York to test the effects of long-term dairy or poultry manure application on P leaching. Nine fields were selected (four poultry, four dairy, and one unamended) to represent a broad range of P saturation levels (5.3 to 62.4%) in the topsoil (0-7.5 cm). Water was applied weekly at a rate matching a 1-year return period storm for the study area (230 mm h(-1)). Dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses in leachate from all soil cores ranged from 0.007 to 0.055 kg P ha(-1), except in two fields with long-term histories of dairy and poultry manure application, where losses averaged 0.21 and 0.45 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Hydrographs of the field with the dairy manure history suggested preferential flow as an explanation of leachate P enrichment. In the poultry manure amended field, high levels of soil P saturation throughout the profile suggested subsoil P desorption as a factor controlling leachate P. Surface application of dairy manure to the soil cores (167 kg total P ha(-1)) increased the mean leachate DRP concentration from 1.5 to 10.5 fold. After five leaching events spanning 22 days, DRP concentrations remained 2.0 to 13.4 fold above pre-manure application levels. This study points to saturation of P in subsoils by long-term manure application as a key concern to P loss in leachate and highlights the role of annual manure additions on subsurface P loss potential. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS Pasture Syset & Watershed Management Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ketterings, QM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 817 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lbrock@farmland.org; qmk2@cornell.edu; peter.kleinman@ars.usda.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s10705-006-9065-3 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 139SS UT WOS:000244453500007 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Siders, WA Penland, JG AF Lukaski, Henry C. Siders, William A. Penland, James G. TI Chromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron status SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chromium picolinate; body fat; lean mass; women ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; OLDER MEN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; HUMAN TRANSFERRIN; EXERCISE PROGRAM; OBESE WOMEN; SERUM; STRENGTH; ABSORPTION; BINDING AB Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that supplementation of chromium picolinate (CrPic), 200 mu g Cr/d, compared with an equivalent amount of picolinic acid (1720 mu g) in CrPic and placebo, decreases body weight, alters body composition, and reduces iron status of women fed diets of constant energy and nutrients. Methods: We fed 83 women nutritionally balanced diets, used anthropometry and dual x-ray absorptiometry to assess body composition, and measured serum and urinary Cr and biochemical indicators of iron status before and serially every 4 wk for 12 wk in a double-blind, randomized trial. Results: CrPic supplementation increased (P < 0.0001) serum Cr concentration and urinary Cr excretion compared with picolinic acid and placebo. CrPic did not affect body weight or fat, although all groups lost (P < 0.05) weight and fat; it did not affect fat-free, mineral-free mass or measurements of iron status. Conclusion: Under conditions of controlled energy intake, CrPic supplementation of women did not independently influence body weight or composition or iron status. Thus, claims that supplementation of 200 jig of Cr as CrPic promotes weight loss and body composition changes are not supported. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hiukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2006.12.001 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 148NY UT WOS:000245083100001 PM 17291720 ER PT J AU Collins, JK Wu, GY Perkins-Veazie, P Spears, K Claypool, PL Baker, RA Clevidence, BA AF Collins, Julie K. Wu, Guoyao Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Spears, Karen Claypool, P. Larry Baker, Robert A. Clevidence, Beverly A. TI Watermelon consumption increases plasma arginine concentrations in adults SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE citrulline; amino acids; ornithine; clinical trial; watermelon juice ID NITRIC-OXIDE; DIETARY ARGININE; CITRULLINE; METABOLISM; SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITION; ORNITHINE; HUMANS; RATS AB Objective: Watermelon is a rich source of citrulline, an amino acid that can be metabolized to arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid for humans. Arginine is the nitrogenous substrate used in the synthesis of nitric oxide and plays an essential role in cardiovascular and immune functions. No detailed studies have been conducted to evaluate plasma arginine response in humans after long-term feeding of citrulline from natural plant sources. This study investigated if watermelon juice consumption increases fasting concentrations of plasma arginine, ornithine, and citrulline in healthy adult humans. Methods: Subjects (n = 12-23/treatment) consumed a controlled diet and 0 (control), 780, or 1560 g of watermelon juice per day for 3 wk in a crossover design. The treatments provided I and 2 g of citrulline per day. Treatment periods were preceded by washout periods of 2 to 4 wk. Results: Compared with the baseline, fasting plasma arginine concentrations increased 12% after 3 wk of the lower-dose watermelon treatment; arginine and ornithine concentrations increased 22% and 18%, respectively, after 3 wk of the higher-dose watermelon treatment. Fasting citrulline concentrations did not increase relative to the control but remained stable throughout the study. Conclusion: The increased fasting plasma concentrations of arginine and ornithine and stable concentrations of plasma citrulline in response to watermelon juice consumption indicated that the citrulline from this plant origin was effectively converted into arginine. These results demonstrate that plasma concentration of arginine can be increased through intake of citrulline from watermelon. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Nevada, Coll Agr Biotechnol & Nat Resources, Coll Cooperat Extens, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. USDA ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 33 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2007.01.005 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 148NY UT WOS:000245083100011 PM 17352962 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Ordovas, JM Bellido, C Moreno, JA Gomez, P Marin, C de la Puebla, RAF Paniagua, JA Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, Pablo Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Ordovas, Jose M. Bellido, Cecilia Moreno, Juan A. Gomez, Purificacion Marin, Carmen Fernandez de la Puebla, Rafael Angel Paniagua, Juan Antonio Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI The APOB-516C/T polymorphism has no effect on lipid and apolipoprotein response following changes in dietary fat intake in a healthy population SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diet; APOB polymorphisms; atherosclerosis ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; B GENE POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMA; SERUM; METAANALYSIS; PROMOTER; TARGETS; LOCUS; RISK AB Our goal was to determine whether the presence of the -516C/T polymorphism in the APOB gene promoter modifies the lipid response to changes in the amount and quality of dietary fat. We studied 97 young healthy volunteers (70 mates and 27 females), 62 homozygotes for the -516C allete (C/C) (47 mates and 15 females), 34 heterozygotes f or the - 516T allete (C/T) (22 mates and 12 females) and one mate homozygote for the -516T allele (T/T). Subjects consumed three different diets in successive 4-week dietary periods. During the first 28 days, all subjects consumed a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet (38% fat and 20% SFA). Then, using a randomized crossover design, subjects were assigned a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat and 55% carbohydrate) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet (38% fat and 22% MLIFA). At the end of each dietary period, plasma concentrations of triacylglycerots and of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were measured. No differences in plasma lipid and apotipoprotein response were found after changes in dietary fat intake in relation to the -516C/T polymorphism in our study population. In conclusion, our data suggest that the APOB -516C/T polymorphism has no effect on the lipid profile after changes in dietary fat intake in a healthy population. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. AR rights reserved. C1 Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 22 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.11.010 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 167BP UT WOS:000246425900008 PM 17367707 ER PT J AU Story, JA Klurfeld, DM AF Story, Jon A. Klurfeld, David M. TI In memoriam: David Kritchevsky, 1920-2006 SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Story, JA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jastory@purdue.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.03.001 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 152BY UT WOS:000245336900001 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, Jose M. TI Identification of a functional polymorphism at the adipose fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP4) and demonstration of its association with cardiovascular disease: A path to follow SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE adipose fatty acid binding protein gene; cardiovascular disease; FABP; fatty acids; metabolic syndrome ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LOCUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; VARIANTS; OBESITY AB Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are proteins that reversibly bind fatty acids and other lipids. So far, nine tissue-specific cytoplasmic FABPs have been identified. Adipose tissue FABP (FABP4) has been suggested to be a bridge between inflammation and other pathways related to the metabolic syndrome. In this regard, genetic variability at the FABP4 locus has been shown to be associated with plasma lipid levels, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease risk. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 3 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1301/nr.2007.mar.130-134 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 148BF UT WOS:000245048800004 PM 17425064 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Young, ME AF Bray, M. S. Young, M. E. TI Circadian rhythms in the development of obesity: potential role for the circadian clock within the adipocyte SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE circadian; clock; obesity; sleep ID BODY-MASS INDEX; REV-ERB-ALPHA; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME; EARLY-ONSET OBESITY; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; LEPTIN LEVELS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES AB Obesity is one of the most profound public health problems today, and simplistic explanations based on excessive nutritional consumption or lack of physical activity are inadequate to account for this dramatic and literal growth in our world population. Recent reports have suggested that disruptions in sleep patterns, often linked to our '24-h' lifestyle, are associated with increased body fat and altered metabolism, although the cause-effect relationship for these associations has yet to be elucidated. Abnormal sleep/wake patterns likely alter intracellular circadian clocks, which are molecular mechanisms that enable the cell/tissue/organism to anticipate diurnal variations in its environment. The environment may include circulating levels of nutrients (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and triglycerides) and various hormones (e.g. insulin, glucocorticoids). As such, alterations in this molecular mechanism, in particular within the adipocyte, likely induce metabolic changes that may potentiate disrupted metabolism, adipose accumulation and/or obesity. Although diurnal variations in adipokines and adipose tissue metabolism have been observed, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that influence these events. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bray, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates,Suite 8070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mbray@bcm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL074259] NR 114 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00277.x PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 134QK UT WOS:000244098600007 PM 17300281 ER PT J AU Glenn, G Klamczynski, A Ludvik, C Chiou, BS Imam, S Shey, J Orts, W Wood, D AF Glenn, Gregory Klamczynski, Artur Ludvik, Charles Chiou, Bor-Sen. Imam, Syed Shey, Justin Orts, William Wood, Delilah TI In situ lamination of starch-based baked foam packaging with degradable films SO PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE packaging; food container; biodegradable; laminate ID BAKING PROCESS; POLYSTYRENE; PAPER AB A technique for making biodegradable food service packaging comprising a starch-fibre core and a biodegradable film laminate is described. The biodegradable films were made of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate/terephthalate (PBST), rubber latex and polybutylene adipate/terephtha late (PBAT). The technique involved an in situ process for laminating a baked foam product in a single step. A critical element of the in situ technique involved using a heat insulating fibre sheet to stabilize heat-sensitive laminate films during the baking/lamination process. The PLA-, PBST- and PBAT-laminated samples were baked for 6 min at 120 degrees C. The latex-laminated sample, which was much more heat-stable, did not need the insulating sheet and was baked for 3 min at 160 degrees C. Starch-based foam laminated with PLA, PBST or PBAT generally had higher density and greater tensile and flexural strength than the non-laminated control. Starch foam laminated with a rubber latex film had tensile and flexural properties similar to the non-laminated control, due to the low modulus and elasticity of the latex film. The in situ lamination process improved the adhesion of the starch foam core with the fibre sheet, PLA and latex films compared to a post-lamination process. All of the laminate materials provided a low water vapour permeance. The films degraded in a compost mixture but at a much slower rate compared to starch. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0894-3214 J9 PACKAG TECHNOL SCI JI Packag. Technol. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1002/pts.743 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 164NG UT WOS:000246240200001 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Zhou, L Santin, M Yang, WL Fayer, R AF Xiao, Lihua Zhou, Ling Santin, Monica Yang, Wenli Fayer, Ronald TI Distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in calves in eastern United States SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; SUBGENOTYPE ANALYSIS; DAIRY CALVES; HUMANS; GENOTYPE; CHILDREN; CATTLE; GLYCOPROTEIN; PREVALENCE AB Cryptosporidium parvum DNA from 175 neonatal calves on 16 farms in eight eastern states in the United States was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene to determinate the parasite genetic diversity. Six subtypes of the IIa subtype family were found. Subtype IIaA15G2R1, which is the predominant C. parvum subtype in calves in many parts of the world, was identified in 77% of the C. parvum DNA from calves. Several farms had more than one C. parvum subtype and a few calves had infections with mixed subtypes. Distribution of subtypes differed geographically. Diversity of C. parvum in calves in eastern United States was lower than that previously seen in Michigan and southern Ontario. The high prevalence of one subtype in calves worldwide and frequent detection of this subtype in humans suggests that parasite fitness probably plays an important role in transmission of cryptosporidiosis among cattle and in zoonotic infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 100 IS 4 BP 701 EP 706 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0337-2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 129ZX UT WOS:000243769700006 PM 17024351 ER PT J AU Altstein, M Ben-Aziz, O Zeltser, I Bhargava, K Davidovitch, M Strey, A Pryor, N Nachman, RJ AF Altstein, Miriam Ben-Aziz, Orna Zeltser, Irina Bhargava, Kalpana Davidovitch, Michael Strey, Allison Pryor, Nan Nachman, Ronald J. TI Inhibition of PK/PBAN-mediated functions in insects: Discovery of selective and non-selective inhibitors SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE PBAN; sex pheromone biosynthesis; cuticular melanization; pupariation; hindgut contraction; insect neuropeptide antagonists ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; PUPARIATION ACCELERATION; CUTICULAR MELANIZATION; HELIOTHIS-PELTIGERA; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI AB The antagonistic properties of a few linear and backbone cyclic (BBC) conformationally constraint peptide libraries and their analogs, were tested for the ability to inhibit pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PK/PBAN) mediated functions: sex pheromone biosynthesis in Heliothis peltigera female moths, cuticular melanization. in Spodoptera littoralis larvae, pupariation in the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata and hindgut contraction in Leucophaea maderae, elicited by exogenously injected PBAN, pheromonotropin (PT), leucopyrokinin (LPK), myotropin (MT) or by the endogenous peptides. The data revealed differential inhibitory patterns within the same assay with different elicitors (in both the pheromonotropic and melanotropic assays) and among the different functions and disclosed selective antagonists, hinting at the possibility that the receptors that mediate those functions may differ from one another structurally. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Altstein, M (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vinnie2@agri.gov.il NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 574 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.11.018 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 141XG UT WOS:000244611700011 PM 17207893 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Heimpel, GE AF Lee, Jana C. Heimpel, George E. TI Sugar feeding reduces short-term activity of a parasitoid wasp SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diadegma insulare; fecundity; host orientation; inactivity; oviposition; patch time; physiological state; sucrose; superparasitism ID DIADEGMA-INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; BATHYPLECTES-CURCULIONIS HYMENOPTERA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COTESIA-RUBECULA AB Adding sugar to agricultural habitats is expected to enhance pest control by improving the longevity and physiological status of parasitoids. How a sugar diet and physiological parameters affect the host-foraging behaviour of Diadegnia insulare, a parasitoid of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella), is investigated in the laboratory. Newly-emerged females are given water or sucrose-water ad libitum for 1 day, and then monitored for movement onto and away from a single cabbage leaf infested with 30 host larvae for 1 h. A significantly lower percentage of sucrose-fed females enter the host patch than those with access to only water (starved) females (60% vs. 91%). Of the females that enter the patch, fed wasps spend significantly less time in the patch than starved wasps (32.2 vs. 25.7 min) but feeding does not significantly affect oviposition rate. Fed and starved females sting six to seven larvae, and 19-29% of females superparasitize host larvae. Wasps with higher levels of fructose are less likely to enter the host patch than wasps with lower fructose levels. The lower proportion of fed wasps entering the patch may be due to a period of inactivity after sugar feeding C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jctlee@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2006.00555.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 160NH UT WOS:000245949100014 ER PT J AU Robertson-Hoyt, LA Betran, J Payne, GA White, DG Isakeit, T Maragos, CM Molnar, TL Holland, JB AF Robertson-Hoyt, Leilani A. Betran, Javier Payne, Gary A. White, Don G. Isakeit, Thomas Maragos, Chris M. Molnar, Terence L. Holland, James B. TI Relationships among resistances to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and contamination by fumonisin and aflatoxin in maize SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; CORN; MONILIFORME; POPULATIONS; MYCOTOXINS; CANCER AB Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus cause ear rots of maize and contaminate the grain with mycotoxins (fumonisin or aflatoxin). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between resistance to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination. Based on a previous study of 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross NC300 x B 104, 24 lines with the highest and 24 lines with the lowest mean fumonisin concentration were selected for further evaluation. Paired plots of each line were inoculated with F. verticillioides and F proliferatum or with A. flavus in replicated trials in 2004 and 2005 in Clayton, NC, and College Station, TX. The low-fumonisin group had significantly lower levels of fumonisin, aflatoxin, and Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots. Across year-location environments, all four traits were significantly correlated; the genotypic correlation (r(G)) ranged from r(G) = 0.88 (aflatoxin and Aspergillus ear rot) to r(G) = 0.99 (Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots). Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and their effects estimated. Two QTLs affected both toxin concentrations, one QTL affected both ear rots, and one QTL affected Aspergillus and Fusarium rots and fumonisin. These results suggest that at least some of the genes involved in resistance to ear rots and mycotoxin contamination are identical or genetically linked. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pioneer Genet, Pace, France. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james_holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-3-0311 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 141XW UT WOS:000244613400007 PM 18943650 ER PT J AU Ordonez, ME Kolmer, JA AF Ordonez, M. E. Kolmer, J. A. TI Virulence phenotypes of a worldwide collection of Puccinia triticina from durum wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tetraploid wheat; wheat leaf rust ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; PLANT RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; RECONDITA; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS AB A total of 78 isolates of Puccinia triticina from durum wheat from Argentina, Chile, Ethiopia, France, Mexico, Spain and the United States and 10 representative isolates of P triticina from common wheat from the United States were tested for virulence phenotypes on seedling plants of 35 near-isogenic lines of Thatcher wheat. Isolates with virulence on lines with leaf rust resistance genes Lr10, Lr14b, Lr20, Lr22a, Lr23, Lr33, Lr34, Lr41, and Lr44 represented the most frequent phenotype. Cluster analysis showed that P. triticina from durum wheat from South America, North America, and Europe had an average similarity in virulence of 90%, whereas isolates from Ethiopia were < 70% similar to the other leaf rust isolates collected from durum wheat. Of the 11 isolates from Ethiopia, 7 were avirulent to Thatcher and all near-isogenic lines of Thatcher. The isolates from common wheat had an average similarity in virulence of 60% to all leaf rust isolates from durum wheat. P. triticina from durum wheat was avirulent to many Lr genes frequently found in common wheat. It is possible that P. triticina currently found on durum wheat worldwide had a single origin, and then spread to cultivated durum wheat in North America, South America, and Europe, whereas P. triticina from Ethiopia evolved on landraces of durum wheat genetically distinct from the cultivated durum lines grown in Europe and the Americas. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-3-0344 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 141XW UT WOS:000244613400012 PM 18943655 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Ko, TS Hobbs, HA Lambert, KN Yu, JM McCoppin, NK Korban, SS Hartman, GL Domier, LL AF Lim, Hyoun Sub Ko, Tae Seok Hobbs, Houston A. Lambert, Kris N. Yu, Jun Myoung McCoppin, Nancy K. Korban, Schuyler S. Hartman, Glen L. Domier, Leslie L. TI Soybean mosaic virus helper component-protease alters leaf morphology and reduces seed production in transgenic soybean plants SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE posttranscriptional gene silencing ID VIRAL SUPPRESSOR; RNA INTERFERENCE; GLYCINE-MAX; EXPRESSION; GENE; MICRORNA; ARABIDOPSIS; BIOGENESIS; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE AB Transgenic soybean (Glycine max) plants expressing Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) helper component-protease (HC-Pro) showed altered vegetative and reproductive phenotypes and responses to SMV infection. When inoculated with SMV, transgenic plants expressing the lowest level of HC-Pro mRNA and those transformed with the vector alone initially showed mild SMV symptoms. Plants that accumulated the highest level of SMV HC-Pro mRNA showed very severe SMV symptoms initially, but after 2 weeks symptoms disappeared, and SMV titers were greatly reduced. Analysis of SMV RNA abundance over time with region-specific probes showed that the HC-Pro region of the SMV genome was degraded before the coat protein region. Transgenic soybean plants that expressed SMV HC-Pro showed dose-dependent alterations in unifoliate leaf morphologies and seed production where plants expressing the highest levels of HC-Pro had the most deformed leaves and the lowest seed production. Accumulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs putatively targeted by miRNAs was analyzed in leaves and flowers of healthy, HC-Pro-transgenic, and SMV-infected plants. Neither expression of SMV HC-Pro nor SMV infection produced greater than twofold changes in accumulation of six miRNAs. In contrast, SMV infection was associated with twofold or greater increases in the accumulation of four of seven miRNA-targeted mRNAs tested. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ldomier@uiuc.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-3-0366 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 141XW UT WOS:000244613400015 PM 18943658 ER PT J AU Roxrud, I Lid, SE Fletcher, JC Schmidt, EDL Opsahl-Sorteberg, HG AF Roxrud, Ingrid Lid, Stein Erik Fletcher, Jennifer C. Schmidt, Ed D. L. Opsahl-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn TI GASA4, one of the 14-member Arahidopsis GASA family of small polypeptides, regulates flowering and seed development SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE floral meristem identity; gene regulation; gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family; seed development; seed size ID HOMEOTIC GENE APETALA2; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MERISTEM IDENTITY; FLORAL MERISTEM; TARGET GENES; CELL; GIBBERELLIN; TOMATO; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION AB Members of the plant-specific gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family play roles in hormone response, defense and development. We have identified six new Arabidopsis GASA genes, bringing the total number of family members to 14. Here we show that these genes all encode small polypeptides that share the common structural features of an N-terminal putative signal sequence, a highly divergent intermediate region and a conserved 60 amino acid C-terminal domain containing 12 conserved cysteine residues. Analysis of promoter::GUS (beta-glucuronidase) transgenic plants representing six different GASA loci reveals that the promoters are activated in a variety of stage- and tissue-specific patterns during development, indicating that the GASA genes are involved in diverse processes. Characterization of GASA4 shows that the promoter is active in the shoot apex region, developing flowers and developing embryos. Phenotypic analyses of GASA4 loss-of-function and gain-of-function lines indicate that GASA4 regulates floral meristem identity and also positively affects both seed size and total seed yield. C1 Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. Genetwister Technol BV, NL-6700 AD Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA, UC Berkeley, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Netherlands Vaccine Inst, NL-3720 AL Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Opsahl-Sorteberg, HG (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, POB 5003, N-1432 As, Norway. EM hildop@umb.no NR 41 TC 63 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcm016 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 159GQ UT WOS:000245853800010 PM 17284469 ER PT J AU Karnosky, DF Werner, H Holopainen, T Percy, K Oksanen, T Oksanen, E Heerdt, C Fabian, P Nagy, J Heilman, W Cox, R Nelson, N Matyssek, R AF Karnosky, D. F. Werner, H. Holopainen, T. Percy, K. Oksanen, T. Oksanen, E. Heerdt, C. Fabian, P. Nagy, J. Heilman, W. Cox, R. Nelson, N. Matyssek, R. TI Free-air exposure systems to scale up ozone research to mature trees SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE free-air; greenhouse gases; ozone; mature trees; sugar maple (Acer saccharum); paper birch (Betula papyrifera); trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides); European beech (Fagus sylvatica); Norway spruce (Picea abies); European white birch (Betula pendula) ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; QUERCUS-RUBRA L; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; FOREST TREES; ADULT BEECH; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PARASITE DEFENSE; CANOPY TREES; MIXED FOREST; PICEA-ABIES AB Because seedlings and mature trees do not necessarily respond similarly to 03 stress, it is critically important that exposure systems be developed that allow exposure of seedlings through to mature trees. Here we describe three different 03 Free-Air Exposure Systems that have been used successfully for exposure at all growth stages. These systems of spatially uniform 03 release have been shown to provide reliable 03 exposure with minimal, if any, impact on the microclimate. This methodology offers a welcome alternative to chamber studies which had severe space constraints precluding stand or community-level studies and substantial chamber effects on the microclimate and, hence physiological tree performance. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecoclimatol, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, Ecol Lab, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Atlantic Forestry Ctr, NRCAN Canadian Forest Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USDA Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecophysiol Plants, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM karnosky@mtu.edu NR 55 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 32 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1055/s-2006-955915 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150WX UT WOS:000245251400002 PM 17357013 ER PT J AU Kubiske, ME Quinn, VS Marquardt, PE Karnosky, DF AF Kubiske, M. E. Quinn, V. S. Marquardt, P. E. Karnosky, D. F. TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) and/or O(3) on intra- and interspecific competitive ability of aspen SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugar maple (Acer soccharum); paper birch (Betula papyrifera); trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides); global change; growth ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NATURAL-SELECTION; OZONE TOLERANCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; FOREST TREES; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS AB Three model communities of trembling aspen (mono-culture, and mixed with either paper birch or sugar maple) were grown for seven years in elevated atmospheric CO(2) and O(3) using Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) technology. We utilized trends in species' importance, calculated as an index of volume growth and survival, as indications of shifting community composition. For the pure aspen communities, different clones emerged as having the highest change in relative importance values depending on the pollutant exposure. In the control and elevated CO(2) treatments, clone 42E was rapidly becoming the most successful clone while under elevated O(3), clone 8L emerged as the dominant clone. In fact, growth of clone 8L was greater in the elevated O(3) treatment compared to controls. For the mixed aspen-birch community, importance of aspen and birch changed by -16% and +62%, respectively, in the controls. in the treatments, however, importance of aspen and birch changed by -27% and +87%, respectively, in elevated O(3), and by -10% and +45%, respectively, in elevated CO(2). Thus, the presence of elevated O(3) hastened conversion of stands to paper birch, whereas the presence of elevated CO(2) delayed it. Relative importance of aspen and maple changed by -2% and +3%, respectively, after seven years in the control treatments. But in elevated O(3), relative importance of aspen and maple changed by -2% and +5%, respectively, and in elevated CO(2) by +9 and -20%, respectively. Thus, elevated O(3) slightly increases the rate of conversion of aspen stands to sugar maple, but maple is placed at a competitive disadvantage to aspen under elevated CO(2). C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kubiske, ME (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM mkubiske@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 342 EP 355 DI 10.1055/s-2006-924760 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150WX UT WOS:000245251400017 PM 17236101 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S Smith, B Uribe, AS AF Magnussen, S. Smith, B. Uribe, A. Sandoval TI National Forest Inventories in North America for monitoring forest tree species diversity SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE population size; species richness; occurrence; sample design; power; change estimates ID POPULATIONS; DESIGN; AREA AB A successful forest tree diversity-monitoring programme delivers reliable estimates of rates of occurrence, the spatial extent and the abundance of all forest-dwelling tree species. Sample-based estimators of these characteristics are provided for North American national forest inventories and discussed in the context of monitoring for forest tree diversity. The expected performance of the Canadian the United States, and Mexican national forest inventory is quantified for three regions in each country. As expected, estimates for many less common and rare species are imprecise and sometimes these species are missed completely. We suggest augmenting existing national forest inventories by purposive sampling for these species. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Gerente Inventario Forestal & Geomat, Zapopan, Mexico. RP Magnussen, S (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnswide Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM Steen.Magnussen@nrcan.gc.ca OI magnussen, steen/0000-0002-5655-768X NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1126-3504 J9 PLANT BIOSYST JI Plant Biosyst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 141 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1080/11263500601153925 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 156HB UT WOS:000245637600015 ER PT J AU Srivastava, A Chung, SH Fatima, T Datsenka, T Handa, AK Mattoo, AK AF Srivastava, Alka Chung, Sang Ho Fatima, Tahira Datsenka, Tatsiana Handa, Avtar K. Mattoo, Autar K. TI Polyamines as anabolic growth regulators revealed by transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiles of tomato fruits engineered to accumulate spermidine and spermine SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fruit ripening; gene expression; plant metabolism; polyamines; Solanum lycopersicum AB Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes that were engineered to contain high endogenous polyamines levels in fruit due to a ripening targeted expression of yeast SAM decarboxylase were used as a model system to determine the effects of enhanced spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) on gene expression. Subtractive cloning of total RNA of transgenic from wild type ripening fruits resulted in isolation of several genes that were up-regulated and represented a wide range of functional classifications. To establish the global pattern of gene expression in transgenic and wild-type fruit, a custom array containing 1066 unique fruit cDNA was constructed and used to quantify levels of a large number of transcripts in transgenic and wild-type fruits during the ripening. About one-quarter of genes on the array were differentially regulated in transgenic compared to wild type fruits. The differentially up-regulated genes were twice as abundant as down-regulated genes in the high polyamine fruits. The differentially expressed genes represented functional categories including transcription, translation, signal transduction, chaperone family, stress related, amino acid biosynthesis, ethylene biosynthesis and action, polyamine biosynthesis, isoprenoid pathway, and flavonoid biosynthesis. About 44% of the differentially regulated cDNAs included genes encoding products not yet classified for the functional attributes. Based on the results presented here on the limited transcriptome in conjunction with metabolite profiles showing significant enhancement of anabolic pathways in transgenic fruits, we propose that Spd/Spm act as anabolic growth regulator. C1 [Srivastava, Alka; Datsenka, Tatsiana; Handa, Avtar K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Chung, Sang Ho; Fatima, Tahira; Mattoo, Autar K.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fatima, Tahira] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Handa, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM ahanda@purdue.edu; mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov FU US-Israel BARD grant [N0. IS-3441-03]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, IFAFS program [741740] FX This study was partly supported by a US-Israel BARD grant to AKH and AKM (Grant N0. IS-3441-03) and a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, IFAFS program (Award No. 741740) to AKH. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI NARA PA NARA INST SCI & TECH, GRAD SCH BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, NARA, 630-0101, JAPAN SN 1342-4580 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL-NAR JI Plant Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.57 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA V41ZF UT WOS:000209583400010 ER PT J AU Samson, N Bausher, MG Lee, SB Jansen, RK Daniell, H AF Samson, Nalapalli Bausher, Michael G. Lee, Seung-Bum Jansen, Robert K. Daniell, Henry TI The complete nucleotide sequence of the coffee (Coffea arabica L.) chloroplast genome: organization and implications for biotechnology and phylogenetic relationships amongst angiosperms SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chloroplast genetic engineering; chloroplast genome; coffee; phylogeny; Rubiaceae ID LACTUCA-SATIVA L.; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; BASAL ANGIOSPERM; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; PLASTID CHROMOSOME; TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; DNA-SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION AB The chloroplast genome sequence of Coffea arabica L., the first sequenced member of the fourth largest family of angiosperms, Rubiaceae, is reported. The genome is 155 189 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats of 25 943 bp. Of the 130 genes present, 112 are distinct and 18 are duplicated in the inverted repeat. The coding region comprises 79 protein genes, 29 transfer RNA genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 18 genes containing introns (three with three exons). Repeat analysis revealed five direct and three inverted repeats of 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity of 90% or more. Comparisons of the coffee chloroplast genome with sequenced genomes of the closely related family Solanaceae indicated that coffee has a portion of rps19 duplicated in the inverted repeat and an intact copy of infA. Furthermore, whole-genome comparisons identified large indels (> 500 bp) in several intergenic spacer regions and introns in the Solanaceae, including trnE (UUC)-trnT (GGU) spacer, ycf4-cemA spacer, trnl (GAU) intron and rrn5-trnR (ACG) spacer. Phylogenetic analyses based on the DNA sequences of 61 protein-coding genes for 35 taxa, performed using both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, strongly supported the monophyly of several major clades of angiosperms, including monocots, eudicots, rosids, asterids, eurosids II, and euasterids I and II. Coffea (Rubiaceae, Gentianales) is only the second order sampled from the euasterid I clade. The availability of the complete chloroplast genome of coffee provides regulatory and intergenic spacer sequences for utilization in chloroplast genetic engineering to improve this important crop. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Daniell, H (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Bldg 20, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM daniell@mail.ucf.edu RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011; OI Daniell, Henry/0000-0003-4485-1176 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063879, R01 GM 63879] NR 91 TC 46 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00245.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 137GD UT WOS:000244280100013 PM 17309688 ER PT J AU Ariizumi, T Steber, CM AF Ariizumi, Tohru Steber, Camille M. TI Seed germination of GA-insensitive sleepy1 mutants does not require RGL2 protein disappearance in Arabidopsis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; ABSCISIC-ACID; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; LIPID MOBILIZATION; VEGETATIVE TISSUES; GENE FAMILY; DELLA GENES; THALIANA; EXPRESSION AB We explore the roles of gibberellin (GA) signaling genes SLEEPY1 (SLY1) and RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) in regulation of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant in which the hormone GA is required for seed germination. Seed germination failure in the GA biosynthesis mutant ga1-3 is rescued by GA and by mutations in the DELLA gene RGL2, suggesting that RGL2 represses seed germination. RGL2 protein disappears before wild-type seed germination, consistent with the model that GA stimulates germination by causing the SCFSLY1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to trigger ubiquitination and destruction of RGL2. Unlike ga1-3, the GA-insensitive sly1 mutants show variable seed dormancy. Seed lots with high seed dormancy after-ripened slowly, with stronger alleles requiring more time. We expected that if RGL2 negatively controls seed germination, sly1 mutant seeds that germinate well should accumulate lower RGL2 levels than those failing to germinate. Surprisingly, RGL2 accumulated at high levels even in after-ripened sly1 mutant seeds with 100% germination, suggesting that RGL2 disappearance is not a prerequisite for seed germination in the sly1 background. Without GA, several GA-induced genes show increased accumulation in sly1 seeds compared with ga1-3. It is possible that the RGL2 repressor of seed germination is inactivated by after-ripening of sly1 mutant seeds. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu NR 53 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 791 EP 804 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.048009 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 163BD UT WOS:000246132600008 PM 17384169 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair TI The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: mechanisms and environmental interactions SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE acclimation; elevated carbon dioxide; free-air; CO2 enrichment (FACE); global change; Rubisco ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; GUARD-CELLS; LONG-TERM; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PARTIAL-PRESSURE AB This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), and examines how downstream processes and environmental constraints modulate these two fundamental responses. The results from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments were summarized via meta-analysis to quantify the mean responses of stomatal and photosynthetic parameters to elevated [CO2]. Elevation of [CO2] in FACE experiments reduced stomatal conductance by 22%, yet, this reduction was not associated with a similar change in stomatal density. Elevated [CO2] stimulated light-saturated photosynthesis (A(sat)) in C-3 plants grown in FACE by an average of 31%. However, the magnitude of the increase in A(sat) varied with functional group and environment. Functional groups with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)-limited photosynthesis at elevated [CO2] had greater potential for increases in A(sat) than those where photosynthesis became ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RubP)-limited at elevated [CO2]. Both nitrogen supply and sink capacity modulated the response of photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] through their impact on the acclimation of carboxylation capacity. Increased understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which plants respond to elevated [CO2], and the feedback of environmental factors upon them, will improve our ability to predict ecosystem responses to rising [CO2] and increase our potential to adapt crops and managed ecosystems to future atmospheric [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, 147 ERML,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430 NR 118 TC 670 Z9 712 U1 58 U2 476 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01641.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 131MG UT WOS:000243872500002 PM 17263773 ER PT J AU Jha, AK Dahleen, LS Suttle, JC AF Jha, Ajay K. Dahleen, Lynn S. Suttle, Jeffrey C. TI Ethylene influences green plant regeneration from barley callus SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE ACC; Hordeum vulgare; silver nitrate ID EMBRYO-DERIVED CALLUS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; TISSUE-CULTURE; SILVER-NITRATE; EMBRYOGENESIS; GROWTH; ENHANCEMENT; INHIBITOR; CULTIVARS; FREQUENCY AB The plant hormone ethylene is involved in numerous plant processes including in vitro growth and regeneration. Manipulating ethylene in vitro may be useful for increasing plant regeneration from cultured cells. As part of ongoing efforts to improve plant regeneration from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we investigated ethylene emanation using our improved system and investigated methods of manipulating ethylene to increase regeneration. In vitro assays of regeneration from six cultivars, involving 10 weeks of callus initiation and proliferation followed by 8 weeks of plant regeneration, showed a correlation between regeneration and ethylene production: ethylene production was highest from 'Golden Promise', the best regenerator, and lowest from 'Morex' and 'DH-20', the poorest regenerators. Increasing ethylene production by addition of 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) during weeks 8-10 increased regeneration from Morex. In contrast, adding ACC to Golden Promise cultures during any of the tissue culture steps reduced regeneration, suggesting that Golden Promise may produce more ethylene than needed for maximum regeneration rates. Blocking ethylene action with silver nitrate during weeks 5-10 almost doubled the regeneration from Morex and increased the Golden Promise regeneration 1.5-fold. Silver nitrate treatment of Golden Promise cultures during weeks 8-14 more than doubled the green plant regeneration. These results indicate that differential ethylene production is related to regeneration in the improved barley tissue culture system. Specific manipulations of ethylene were identified that can be used to increase the green plant regeneration from barley cultivars. The timing of ethylene action appears to be critical for maximum regeneration. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM dahleenl@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI jha, ajay/B-9284-2008 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s00299-006-0252-0 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136CP UT WOS:000244200500005 PM 17043878 ER PT J AU Jacobi, WR Koski, RD Harrington, TC Witcosky, JJ AF Jacobi, W. R. Koski, R. D. Harrington, T. C. Witcosky, J. J. TI Association of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi with Scolytus schevyrewi (Scolytidae) in Colorado SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DUTCH ELM DISEASE; NORTH-AMERICA; MULTISTRIATUS; SURVIVAL; VECTORS AB The smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus, has been the primary vector of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, in elm trees in Colorado since 1948. An exotic from Asia, the banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi, was found in Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, in Colorado in April of 2003; this was the first report of S. schevyrewi in North America. S. schevyrewi is now found throughout much of Colorado and in at least 21 other states. The similarities in breeding and feeding habits between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus have raised concerns about the ability of S. schevyrewi to serve as a vector for O. novo-ulmi. The objective of this preliminary study was to determine if O. novo-ulmi could be isolated from adult S. schevyrewi emerging from diseased elm trees. S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus were allowed to infest diseased stem segments of American elm, Ulmus americana. The infested stem segments were caged and isolations were made from the adult brood that emerged. O. novo-ulmi was isolated from most of the adults of both beetle species, showing that S. schevyrewi could acquire the pathogen as effectively as S. multistriatus. Future studies are needed to determine if S. schevyrewi can effectively transmit the pathogen to healthy trees. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Lakewood Serv Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jacobi, WR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Lakewood Serv Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM William.Jacobi@ColoState.EDU NR 22 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0245 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500003 ER PT J AU Tomaso-Peterson, M Trevathan, LE AF Tomaso-Peterson, M. Trevathan, L. E. TI Characterization of Rhizoctonia-like fungi isolated from agronomic crops and turfgrasses in Mississippi SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Agrostis palustris; damping-off; Rhizoctonia blight ID ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PATCH DISEASE; ROOT-ROT; SOLANI; PATHOGENICITY; WHEAT; VIRULENCE; CORN; ZEAE AB Twenty-three isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. from agronomic crops and turfgrasses were characterized by cytological and pathological methods in order to establish the identity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. and anastomosis groups that occur on these hosts in Mississippi. Twelve isolates were identified as R. solani, including the five anastomosis groups (AGs) AG-1-IB, AG-2-2, AG-4, AG-5, and AG-13. Rhizoctonia zeae, R. oryzae, and eight binucleate Rhizoctonia sp., including R. cerealis, also were identified. R. solani AG-4 isolates were consistently the most virulent isolates on all hosts in pathogenicity evaluations. Pathogenicity of AG-2-2 and AG-5 isolates, binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., and R. oryzae varied between hosts. Two AG-2-2 isolates from bermudagrass or wheat were determined to be clonal isolates, with numerous self-anastomosis reactions. R. solani (AG-1-IB) was pathogenic on all graminaceous hosts. R. cerealis produced sharp eyespot symptoms on wheat and corn and minimal symptoms on cotton and soybean. This is a first report of R. cerealis as a pathogen of corn. R. zeae isolates were pathogenic on all hosts, including cotton and soybean. These results indicate that a diverse group of Rhizoctonia spp. occurs as pathogens on a wide variety of agronomic crops and turfgrasses in Mississippi. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, APHIS PPQ, St Ann, MO 63074 USA. RP Tomaso-Peterson, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mariat@pss.msstate.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0260 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500006 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Kamenova, I Rosskopf, EN Lewandowski, DJ AF Adkins, Scott Kamenova, Ivanka Rosskopf, Erin N. Lewandowski, Dennis J. TI Identification and characterization of a novel tobamovirus from tropical soda apple in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SOLANUM-VIARUM; PLANT-VIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTING TOBAMOVIRUS; WEED; HOST; EVOLUTION AB Foliar symptoms suggestive of virus infection were recently observed on the noxious weed tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in Florida. An agent was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana, and virions were isolated from systemically infected leaves. Rod-shaped particles similar to 300 nm in length were observed in the partially purified preparations by electron microscopy. The host range determined by mechanical inoculation with purified virions included all tested plants in the Solanaceae (16 species including the important vegetable crops, pepper and tomato) and Chenopodiaccae (2 species) but excluded all tested plants in the Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, and Tropaeolaceae, including several common virus indicator hosts. Comparisons of the coat and movement protein nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of this putative tobamovirus with recognized members of this genus, indicate that it is a novel tobamovirus that shares the highest level of sequence identity with Pepper mild mottle virus followed by other members of the Solanaceae-infecting subgroup of tobamoviruses. The virus, for which the name Tropical soda apple mosaic virus (TSAMV) is proposed, was found to be widespread in tropical soda apple in peninsular Florida during an initial survey. TSAMV contamination of seed from infected tropical soda apple plants was found, suggesting that seed transmission may be important for TSAMV dissemination and epidemiology. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0287 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500010 ER PT J AU Hafez, SL Sundararaj, P AF Hafez, S. L. Sundararaj, P. TI First report of the pale cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hafez, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 325 EP 325 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0325B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500026 ER PT J AU Morel, W Miles, MR Hernandez, JR Stone, CL Frederick, RD AF Morel, W. Miles, M. R. Hernandez, J. R. Stone, C. L. Frederick, R. D. TI First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, cause of soybean rust, on Neonotonia wightii in Paraguay. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Ctr Reg Invest Agr, Itapua, Paraguay. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Riverdale, MD USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Morel, W (reprint author), Ctr Reg Invest Agr, Itapua, Paraguay. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 325 EP 325 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0325C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500027 ER PT J AU Chilvers, MI Horton, TL Peever, TL Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Chilvers, M. I. Horton, T. L. Peever, T. L. Kaiser, W. J. Muehlbauer, F. J. TI First report of ascochyta blight of Pisum elatius (Wild pea) in the Republic of Georgia caused by Ascochyta pisi. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chilvers, MI (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010 OI Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 326 EP 326 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0326B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500029 ER PT J AU Wegener, LA Punja, ZK Martin, RR AF Wegener, L. A. Punja, Z. K. Martin, R. R. TI First report of Blueberry scorch virus in black huckleberry in British Columbia. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wegener, LA (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 328 EP 328 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0328C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500036 ER PT J AU Kuo, YW Rojas, MR Gilbertson, RL Wintermantel, WM AF Kuo, Y-W. Rojas, M. R. Gilbertson, R. L. Wintermantel, W. M. TI First report of Cueurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in California and Arizona, in association with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus and Squash leaf curl virus. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Kuo, YW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 330 EP 330 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0330B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136ZV UT WOS:000244263500041 ER PT J AU Aukema, JE Carlo, TA Collazo, JA AF Aukema, Juliann E. Carlo, Tomas A. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Landscape assessment of tree communities in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; endemic species; exotic species; landscape ecology; limestone; ordination; plant community; species diversity; tropical moist forest; vegetation ID FOREST REGENERATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; LAND; SCALE; RECOVERY; PASTURES AB The northern karst of Puerto Rico is a unique formation that contains one of the island's largest remaining forested tracts. The region is under ever-increasing human pressure, but large portions of it are being considered for conservation. Forest classification of the region is at a coarse scale, such that it is considered one vegetation type. We asked whether there were distinct tree assemblages which would necessitate targeted conservation strategies to ensure their protection. We examined tree species and communities across the region at three different major topographic positions along mogotes, or haystack-shaped hills. We found distinct tree communities on hilltops and valleys, with significantly more non-native species in valleys and significantly more endemic species on hilltops and hillsides. At a landscape level, we identified at least four different communities within each topographic position. Two mogote top communities were separated geographically (west and south) within the region, while two others co-occurred in the east-central part of the region. Mogote side and valley communities were less distinct geographically. Temperature, elevation, and precipitation were important variables in separating some communities, suggesting that abiotic stress may play an important role in the distribution of some species. In contrast, the lack of geographic separations of other communities suggested that variables such as soil conditions, land use and biotic interactions such as dispersal limitation may also be important. Conservation planning strategies should target the south, west, and east-central areas that harbor distinct mogote top plant communities to ensure protection of the widest range of tree species and communities in the karst region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00925 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Aukema, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM jaukema@alumni.brown.edu NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9169-5 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 135XS UT WOS:000244187800008 ER PT J AU Xin, ZG Mandaokar, A Chen, JP Last, RL Browse, J AF Xin, Zhanguo Mandaokar, Ajin Chen, Junping Last, Robert L. Browse, John TI Arabidopsis ESK1 encodes a novel regulator of freezing tolerance SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE freezing tolerance; cold acclimation; esk1 mutant; microarray ID LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; IMPROVING PLANT DROUGHT; THALIANA L HEYNH; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; COLD-ACCLIMATION; ABSCISIC-ACID AB The eskimo1 (esk1) mutation of Arabidopsis resulted in a 5.5 degrees C improvement in freezing tolerance in the absence of cold acclimation. Here we show that the increase in freezing tolerance is not associated with any increase in the ability to survive drought or salt stresses, which are similar to freezing in their induction of cellular dehydration. Genome-wide comparisons of gene expression between esk1-1 and wild type indicate that mutations at esk1 result in altered expression of transcription factors and signaling components and of a set of stress-responsive genes. Interestingly, the list of 312 genes regulated by ESK1 shows greater overlap with sets of genes regulated by salt, osmotic and abscisic acid treatments than with genes regulated by cold acclimation or by the transcription factors CBF3 and ICE1, which have been shown to control genetic pathways for freezing tolerance. Map-based cloning identified the esk1 locus as At3g55990. The wild-type ESK1 gene encodes a 57-kDa protein and is a member of a large gene family of DUF231 domain proteins whose members encode a total of 45 proteins of unknown function. Our results indicate that ESK1 is a novel negative regulator of cold acclimation. Mutations in the ESK1 gene provide strong freezing tolerance through genetic regulation that is apparently very different from previously described genetic mechanisms of cold acclimation. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM zxin@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Last, Robert/D-9197-2011; OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785; Last, Robert/0000-0001-6974-9587 NR 56 TC 69 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 5 BP 786 EP 799 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02994.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 137GF UT WOS:000244280300002 PM 17316173 ER PT J AU Walia, H Wilson, C Zeng, LH Ismail, AM Condamine, P Close, TJ AF Walia, Harkamal Wilson, Clyde Zeng, Linghe Ismail, Abdelbagi M. Condamine, Pascal Close, Timothy J. TI Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of salinity stressed japonica and indica rice genotypes during panicle initiation stage SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice; salt stress; panicle initiation; microarray ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SALT TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; YIELD COMPONENTS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; AUXIN; GENE AB Rice yield is most sensitive to salinity stress imposed during the panicle initiation (PI) stage. In this study, we have focused on physiological and transcriptional responses of four rice genotypes exposed to salinity stress during PI. The genotypes selected included a pair of indicas (IR63731 and IR29) and a pair of japonica (Agami and M103) rice subspecies with contrasting salt tolerance. Physiological characterization showed that tolerant genotypes maintained a much lower shoot Na+ concentration relative to sensitive genotypes under salinity stress. Global gene expression analysis revealed a strikingly large number of genes which are induced by salinity stress in sensitive genotypes, IR29 and M103 relative to tolerant lines. We found 19 probe sets to be commonly induced in all four genotypes. We found several salinity modulated, ion homeostasis related genes from our analysis. We also studied the expression of SKC1, a cation transporter reported by others as a major source of variation in salt tolerance in rice. The transcript abundance of SKC1 did not change in response to salinity stress at PI stage in the shoot tissue of all four genotypes. However, we found the transcript abundance of SKC1 to be significantly higher in tolerant japonica Agami relative to sensitive japonica M103 under control and stressed conditions during PI stage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Crop & Environm Sci Div, Laguna, Philippines. USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Walia, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hwalia@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 609 EP 623 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-9112-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 139RC UT WOS:000244449100002 PM 17160619 ER PT J AU Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL Stamova, BS You, FM Lazo, GR Beckles, DM Anderson, OD AF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie L. Stamova, Boryana S. You, Frank M. Lazo, Gerard R. Beckles, Diane M. Anderson, Olin D. TI Transcriptional profiling of wheat caryopsis development using cDNA microarrays SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheat; endosperm; profiling; transcriptome; caryopsis; development; microarray; cDNA; ANOVA ID GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION; RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; STARCH GRANULES AB The expression of 7,835 genes in developing wheat caryopses was analyzed using cDNA arrays. Using a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, 29% (2,237) of the genes on the array were identified to be differentially expressed at the 6 different time-points examined, which covers the developmental stages from coenocytic endosperm to physiological maturity. Comparison of genes differentially expressed between two time-points revealed a dynamic transcript accumulation profile with major re-programming events that occur at 3-7, 7-14 and 21-28 DPA. A k-means clustering algorithm grouped the differentially expressed genes into 10 clusters, revealing co-expression of genes involved in the same pathway such as carbohydrate and protein synthesis or preparation for desiccation. Functional annotation of genes that show peak expression at specific time-points correlated with the developmental events associated with the respective stages. Results provide information on the temporal expression during caryopsis development for a significant number of differentially expressed genes with unknown function. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dlc@pw.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 83 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 651 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-9114-y PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 139RC UT WOS:000244449100005 PM 17211515 ER PT J AU Bethke, PC Libourel, IGL Aoyama, N Chung, YY Still, DW Jones, RL AF Bethke, Paul C. Libourel, Igor G. L. Aoyama, Natsuyo Chung, Yong-Yoon Still, David W. Jones, Russell L. TI The Arabidopsis aleurone layer responds to nitric oxide, gibberellin, and abscisic acid and is sufficient and necessary for seed dormancy SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM CELL-WALLS; CV GRAND-RAPIDS; LETTUCE SEEDS; MICROPYLAR ENDOSPERM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MANNANASE ACTIVITY; FINE STRUCTURE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; TOMATO SEEDS; GERMINATION AB Seed dormancy is a common phase of the plant life cycle, and several parts of the seed can contribute to dormancy. Whole seeds, seeds lacking the testa, embryos, and isolated aleurone layers of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were used in experiments designed to identify components of the Arabidopsis seed that contribute to seed dormancy and to learn more about how dormancy and germination are regulated in this species. The aleurone layer was found to be the primary determinant of seed dormancy. Embryos from dormant seeds, however, had a lesser growth potential than those from nondormant seeds. Arabidopsis aleurone cells were examined by light and electron microscopy, and cell ultrastructure was similar to that of cereal aleurone cells. Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to nitric oxide (NO), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid, with NO being upstream of GA in a signaling pathway that leads to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles and abscisic acid inhibiting vacuolation. Molecular changes that occurred in embryos and aleurone layers prior to germination were measured, and these data show that both the aleurone layer and the embryo expressed the NO-associated gene AtNOS1, but only the embryo expressed genes for the GA biosynthetic enzyme GA3 oxidase. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Plant Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. Korea Univ, Coll Life Sci, Seoul 136152, South Korea. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pbethke@wisc.edu NR 59 TC 149 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 143 IS 3 BP 1173 EP 1188 DI 10.1104/pp.106.093435 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 143WS UT WOS:000244757700011 PM 17220360 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, M AF Nakata, Paul A. McConn, Michele TI Isolated Medicago truncatula mutants with increased calcium oxalate crystal accumulation have decreased ascorbic acid levels SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbate; calcium oxalate; Medicago truncatula ID OXALIC-ACID; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDIOBLASTS; CONVERSION; SEEDS AB The mechanisms controlling oxalate biosynthesis and calcium oxalate formation in plants remain largely unknown. As an initial step toward gaining insight into these regulatory mechanisms we initiated a mutant screen to identify plants that over-accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate. Four new mutants were identified, from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized Medicago truncatula (cv. Jemalong genotype A17) population, that over-accumulated calcium oxalate crystals. The increased calcium oxalate content of these new mutants, as with the previously isolated mutant cod4, resulted from an increase in druse crystals accumulated within the mesophyll cells of leaves. Complementation and segregation analysis revealed that each mutant was affected at a different locus. This was confirmed through the genetic mapping of each mutation to different linkage groups. Together, these findings emphasize the complexity of factors that can contribute to oxalate biosynthesis and crystal formation in these plants. In addition, each mutant showed a common decrease in ascorbic acid content providing genetic support for ascorbic acid as a precursor in the oxalate biosynthetic pathway for druse crystal formation. Further support was obtained by the ability of an exogenous supply of ascorbate to induce druse crystal formation while other tested organic acids did not induce crystal production. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Children Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Children Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.01.013 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 170UL UT WOS:000246690900006 PM 17400466 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Heath, S Mandrell, RE AF Miller, William G. Heath, Sekou Mandrell, Robert E. TI Cryptic plasmids isolated from Campylobacter strains represent multiple, novel incompatibility groups SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; plasmids; incompatibility; rolling-circle; iteron; copy number ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CLONING VECTORS; JEJUNI; CONSTRUCTION; REPLICATION AB Three small, cryptic plasmids from the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter coli strain RM2228 and one small, cryptic plasmid from the MDR Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1170 were sequenced and characterized. pCC2228-1 has some similarity to Firmicutes RepL family plasmids that replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism. pCC2228-2 is a theta-replicating, iteron-containing plasmid (ICP) that is a member of the same incompatibility (Inc) group as previously described Campylobacter shuttle vectors. The other two ICPs, pCC2228-3 and pCJ1170, represent a second novel Inc group. Comparison of the four plasmids described in this study with other characterized plasmids from C jejuni, C coli, C. lari, and C hyointestinalis suggests that cryptic plasmids in Campylobacter may be classified into as many as nine Inc groups. The plasmids characterized in this study have several unique features suitable for the construction of novel Campylobacter shuttle vectors, e.g., small size, absence of many common multiple-cloning site restriction sites, and Inc groups not represented by current Campylobacter shuttle plasmids. Thus, these plasmids may be used to construct a new generation of Campylobacter shuttle vectors that would permit transformation of environmental Campylobacter isolates with an existing repertoire of native plasmids. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94720 USA. EM bmiller@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAR PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2006.08.005 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 152PM UT WOS:000245374100002 PM 17064774 ER PT J AU Torres-Rodriguez, A Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ Barton, JT Tellez, G Hargis, BM AF Torres-Rodriguez, A. Donoghue, A. M. Donoghue, D. J. Barton, J. T. Tellez, G. Hargis, B. M. TI Performance and condemnation rate analysis of commercial turkey flocks treated with a Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE probiotic; health; production cost; turkey ID POULTS AB The use of defined probiotic cultures in the poultry industry has recently become more common. However, few conclusive studies regarding their efficacy under commercial conditions have been reported in the scientific literature. We conducted a study that included 118 commercial turkey hen lots, ranging from 1,542 to 30,390 hens per lot, of either Nicholas or Hybrid genetic lines, to look at the effect of a selected commercial Lactobacillus-based probiotic (FM-B11) on turkey BW, performance, and health. Sixty lots received the probiotic, whereas 58 lots were controls without probiotic. The probiotic was administered for 3 consecutive days at placement (day of age) and at move-out (around 6 wk of age, movement from brooder to grower houses). The parameters collected, calculated, and analyzed (significance level P < 0.05) were market BW, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and cost of production. There was no interaction effect between the genetic line and probiotic effect. Therefore, data from the 2 genetic lines were combined for the statistical analysis of the probiotic effect. The probiotic significantly improved market BW and average daily gain by 190 and 1.63 g, respectively. The feed conversion ratio was not statistically different between treatments (2.176 vs. 2.192 for the probiotic and control, respectively). However, the cost of production was lower in the probiotic-treated (58.37 cents/kg of live turkey) than in the control (59.90 cents/kg of live turkey) lots. Condemnation rates were not significantly different between lots. When each premise was compared by level of performance as good, fair, or poor (grouping based on historical analysis of 5 previous flocks), the probiotic appeared to increase the performance of the poor and fair farms. Use of the selected commercial probiotic resulted in increased market BW and reduced cost of production. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Cargill Turkey Prod, LLC, Springdale, AR 72764 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Cobb Vantress Inc, POB 1030, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. EM bhargis@uark.edu NR 8 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 444 EP 446 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 138UL UT WOS:000244388700005 PM 17297154 ER PT J AU Lordelo, MM Calhoun, MC Dale, NM Dowd, MK Davis, AJ AF Lordelo, M. M. Calhoun, M. C. Dale, N. M. Dowd, M. K. Davis, A. J. TI Relative toxicity of gossypol enantiomers in laying and broiler breeder hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gossypol enantiomer; laying hen; broiler breeder hen; egg; yolk discoloration ID DIETARY COTTONSEED MEAL; RACEMIC GOSSYPOL; DISCOLORATION; (+)-GOSSYPOL; (-)-GOSSYPOL; LIPOGENESIS; VIVO AB Gossypol, a natural component of cotton-seed meal, exists in positive (+) or negative (-) enantiomeric forms, and their levels and ratio could be altered by developing new genetic strains of cotton. Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative toxicity of the individual gossypol enantiomers in laying and broiler breeder hens. In the first experiment, 25 individually caged Hy-Line W-36 forty-three-week-old laying hens were fed a standard corn-soy diet supplemented with either no gossypol or the individual enantiomers at 200 and 400 mg/kg of diet for 20 d (5 hens/treatment). In the second experiment, 15 individually caged Cobb 500 fast-feathering 44-wk-old broiler breeder hens were fed a standard corn-soy-wheat middlings diet supplemented with either no gossypol or the individual enantiomers at 400 mg/kg of diet for 18 d (5 hens/treatment). In both experiments, feed intake, egg production, and egg weight were determined daily. All eggs were individually opened and scored for yolk discoloration. At the end of both experiments, several organ and tissue samples were collected for gossypol analyses. In both experiments, the addition of (+)-gossypol to the diet reduced egg production. Only laying and broiler breeder hens fed (+)-gossypol produced eggs with severe yolk discoloration (score >= 4). Total feed intake was lower (P < 0.05) in laying hens fed the 400 mg/kg level of (+)-gossypol compared with laying hens fed the other dietary treatments. In contrast, broiler breeder hens consumed less of the diet supplemented with (-)-gossypol. In both experiments, tissue accumulation of (+)-gossypol was higher than (-)-gossypol, with the exception of bile and excreta. The results suggest that in hens the ingestion of (+)-gossypol has a greater effect on egg yolk discoloration than the consumption of (-)-gossypol. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ajdavis@uga.edu OI Lordelo, Madalena/0000-0001-6683-6650 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 582 EP 590 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 138UL UT WOS:000244388700023 PM 17297172 ER PT J AU Zhu, HX Chai, XS Wang, SF Song, HN Zhu, JY AF Zhu Hongxiang Chai Xinsheng Wang Shuangfei Song Hainong Zhu Junyong TI Attenuated total reflection UV/vis spectroscopic applications SO PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY LA Chinese DT Article DE attenuated total reflection (ATR); UV/vis; spectroscopy; sensors; process liquor ID UV SPECTROSCOPY; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; DISSOLVED LIGNIN; ATR TECHNIQUE; LIQUORS; SULFIDE; HYDROXIDE; CARBONATE; ALKALI AB This paper describes the principle of attenuated total reflection (ATR) and the features of ATR-UV spectroscopy. It also provides a comprehensive review of the ATR-UV applications in several complicated streams, such as the solutions having very concentrated compositions or significant amount of suspended solids, and the latex of emulsion polymerization. The ATR-UV spectroscopic technique is suitable to, be developed as an on-line sensor for monitoring the species of interest in many typical industrial process streams, which provides the real-time information that is very important for the process control. It is very simple and fast, and in general it dose not require sample pretreatment. As an important wavelength range in spectroscopy, the development of ATR-UV technology will be very helpful for not only the process monitoring but also the process study in the chemical engineering related fields. C1 Guangxi Univ, Sch Light Ind & Food Engn, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, HX (reprint author), Guangxi Univ, Sch Light Ind & Food Engn, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. EM xin-sheng.chai@ipst.gatech.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA NO. 33 BEISIHUANXILU, ZHONGGUANCUN, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-281X J9 PROG CHEM JI Prog. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 149ID UT WOS:000245139600027 ER PT J AU Olson, C AF Olson, Carolyn TI The Soil Record of Quaternary Climate Change - Preface SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Olson, C (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM carolyn.olson@wdc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 162 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.11.010 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158NK UT WOS:000245798000001 ER PT J AU Leavitt, SW Follett, RF Kimble, JM Pruessner, EG AF Leavitt, S. W. Follett, R. F. Kimble, J. M. Pruessner, E. G. TI Radiocarbon and delta C-13 depth profiles of soil organic carbon in the US Great Plains: A possible spatial record of paleoenvironment and paleovegetation SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Soil Record of Quaternary Climate Change held at the International-Quaternary-Association Meeting CY 2003 CL Reno, NV SP Int Quaternary Assoc ID LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION; NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHEASTERN NEBRASKA; GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; MATTER; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS AB Soil profiles from undisturbed grassland sites around the Great Plains of the USA were sampled for analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC) content (%), radiocarbon age and stable-carbon isotope composition (delta C-13). With the exception of a few pronounced dating anomalies, SOC radiocarbon age generally increases steadily with depth back to 10-15,000 cal yr BP, the deepest soil intervals in 9 of the 12 sites. The radiocarbon ages were used to establish the chronology of changes in past plant distribution over time and space, based on SOC delta C-13 as an indicator of C-3 and C-4 plant abundance. Changes were referenced to an SOC delta C-13 value of -20%(0), which is the approximate mid-point between C-3 and C-4 carbon isotope composition, i.e., an equal mixture of C-3 and C-4 carbon. Prior to 10,000 cal yr BP, the region was dominated by C-3 Plants with the exception of the southernmost Texas sites. From 10,000 to 2000 cal yr BP, C-4 plants expanded their range, initially as a peninsula Of C-4-predominant grasses extending northeastward and ultimately dominating all but the northernmost border of the region. Finally, the C-3-predominant region re-expanded after 1000 cal yr BP, perhaps as a response to the Little Ice Age cooling. Despite uncertainties associated with using radiocarbon-dated SOC-depth profiles as a proxy, the past C-3 and C-4 plant distribution inferred from SOC delta C-13 conforms well to results from other paleoclimate proxies, and differences may be helpful in targeting future research. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NSSC Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Leavitt, SW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sleavitt@ltrr.arizona.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 162 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.033 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158NK UT WOS:000245798000003 ER PT J AU Khumalo, G Holechek, J Thomas, M Molinar, F AF Khumalo, Godfrey Holechek, Jerry Thomas, Milt Molinar, Francisco TI Long-term vegetation producitivity and trend under two stocking levels on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE arid lands; forage; stocking rate; drought; ecological; condition; cattle ID PRECIPITATION; MODERATE AB Vegetation changes were evaluated over an 11-year period (1995-2005) on 2 light- and 2 conservative-stocked Chihuahuan Desert pastures in south central New Mexico. Grazing treatments were applied to the pastures over a 5-year period from 1997 through 2001. Pastures were not grazed in the 1995-1996 and 2002-2005 periods due to drought. During the 1997-2001 grazing period, grazing use of primary forage species averaged 29% and 40% on light- and conservative-stocked rangelands, respectively. Grazing intensity was consistently higher on conservative-stocked than light-stocked pastures. During our study heavy grazing occurred only in 1 year on pastures with conservative stocking. There were no differences in species or species categories (grasses, forbs, shrubs) of autumn standing crop and basal cover between light-and conservative-stocked pastures. Standing crop of total vegetation and perennial grasses showed large fluctuations among the years due to variable rainfall. Under both treatments, total herbaceous standing crop was unchanged, but perennial grass standing crop declined by over 50% when the last 3 years of study were compared with the first 3 years of study. Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae Pursh), a poisonous half shrub, increased in standing crop and cover during the study. Basal cover of total perennial grasses declined less under light than conservative stocking during the study period. However, climatic conditions exerted the overriding influence on vegetation standing crop and basal cover. Our study indicates that light stocking in the Chihuahuan Desert does not increase perennial grass production compared to conservative grazing but it could have a small benefit in maintaining perennial grass cover during drought. We believe our findings have broad application in the Chihauhuan Desert, but caution they might not apply well to other and rangeland types. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NRCS, USDA, Guymon, OK 73942 USA. RP Holechek, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 2980 S Espina St,MSC 31, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM holechek@nmsu.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.2111/06-061R3.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155MS UT WOS:000245582100006 ER PT J AU Walburger, KJ DelCurto, T Vavra, M AF Walburger, Kenric J. DelCurto, Timothy Vavra, Martin TI Influence of forest management and previous herbivory on cattle diets SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abies grandis; beef cattle; botanical composition; diet quality; Pinus ponderosa ID MIXED CONIFEROUS FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; BLACK HILLS; FORAGE; RANGE; QUALITY; DEER; PERFORMANCE AB Grazing cattle and timber harvest are common practices associated with forested rangelands. Therefore, the objective was to document the effects of timber harvest and herbivory on nutritional quality and botanical composition of steer diets in grand fir (Abies grandis [Dougl. ex D. Don] Lindl.) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests. Three replicated grand fir sites were arranged as a split-plot design; timber harvest treatments-1) no harvest (CON), 2) thinning (TH), 3) clearcut (CL)were whole plots, and herbivory treatments-1) large ungulate grazing (Graze), 2) wild ungulate grazing (CExc), and 3) exclusion of large ungulate grazing (TExc)-were the subplots. Three replicated ponderosa pine sites were arranged as a split-plot design; timber harvest treatments-1) CON and 2) TH-were whole plots, and herbivory treatments-1) GR, 2) BG, and 3) EX-were subplots. Diet samples were collected in June and August of 2001 and 2002. Crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber of the diets were only affected by season of use and were higher (P < 0.05) quality during the June grazing period. Botanical composition of diets was determined with the use of microhistological analysis of ruminal masticate. Within grand fir sites, graminoids were the major constituent in the diet (65%-91%), forbs intermediate (8%-31%), and shrubs least (0.2%-3.5%). Within ponderosa pine sites graminoids were the major constituent in the diet (83%-88%), forbs intermediate (10%-14%), and shrubs least (2%-3%). Season of use did not affect (P > 0.10) botanical composition in either grand fir or ponderosa pine sites. Timing of grazing had a greater influence on diet quality; however, previous herbivory and(or) timber harvest had a greater influence on composition of diets than did timing of grazing. C1 Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Union, OR 97883 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP DelCurto, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM tim.delcurto@oregonstate.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.2111/05-223R3.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155MS UT WOS:000245582100007 ER PT J AU Hickman, KR Derner, JD AF Hickman, Karen R. Derner, Justin D. TI Blackland tallgrass prairie vegetation dynamics following cessation of herbicide application SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; evenness; functional groups; Shannon species diversity; Sorenson's similarity index; species richness AB We studied short-term (1-3 years) responses of plant species and functional group abundances, richness, evenness, diversity, and similarity following cessation of 25 years (1972-1997) of herbicide application in a remnant of Blackland Tallgrass Prairie in central Texas. Substantial increases in plant cover from 1998 to 2000 were observed for annual forbs (359%-900%), primarily attributable to firewheel (Gaillardia pulchella Foug), but C4 perennial grass cover only marginally increased (22%-23%). These disproportionate increases elicited a directional compositional change in the plant community with dominance shifting from C4 perennial grasses to annual forbs. Species richness, evenness, and diversity decreased from 1998 to 2000 for May, but increased for June, sampling date. Conservation efforts pertaining to remnants of Blackland Tallgrass Prairie need to be cognizant that dramatic short-term effects on vegetation dynamics will occur following cessation of annual herbicide applications, and that enhancement of perennial forbs may require seeding or transplanting species. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Hickman, KR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, 167 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM karen.hickman@okstate.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.2111/05-097R4.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155MS UT WOS:000245582100009 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL Walker, JW AF Kronberg, Scott L. Walker, Jobn W. TI Learning through foraging consequences: A mechanism of feeding niche separation in sympatric ruminants SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diet selection; herbivory; cattle; sheep; goats ID LEAFY SPURGE; XENOBIOTIC BIOTRANSFORMATION; GRAZING RUMINANTS; CATTLE; SHEEP; DETOXIFICATION; EXPLANATION; METABOLISM; PREFERENCE; SERENGETI AB Explanations for why sympatric ruminant species select diets composed of different plant species or plant parts have been controversial. Our explanation is based on learning from foraging consequences, which includes the influences that morphology, physiology, and experience have on diet selection. We conducted a trial with cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), and goats (Capra bircus) and leafy spurge (LS; Eupborbia esula L.) to explore the interface between the learning and morphophysiological foraging models with these sympatric ruminants. After a pretrial adjustment period, the control group for each species received, via stomach tube on days 1 and 2, ground grass after eating a novel food (NF; rolled corn), and the treatment group for each species received ground air-dried LS after eating the NE NF intake on days 2 and 3 was expressed as a percent of NF intake on day 1, and it declined considerably for cattle and sheep dosed with LS but did not decline for goats receiving it (P = 0.001). LS elicited learned aversive feeding responses from cattle and sheep but not from goats. The results are consistent with field observations that goats graze LS more readily than sheep or cattle do. Learning from foraging consequences offers an explanation for the unique diets of sympatric ruminant species. C1 ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM kronberg@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.2111/05-221R2.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155MS UT WOS:000245582100011 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Bates, JD Miller, RF AF Boyd, Chad S. Bates, Jon D. Miller, Rick F. TI The influence of gap size on sagebrush cover estimates with the use of line intercept technique SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation inventory; wildlife habitat; sage-grouse; sagebrush obligate ID SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT; VARIABILITY; OREGON AB Sagebrush cover is often estimated with the use of the line intercept method. However, a lack of standardized protocols may lead to variable estimates of sagebrush canopy cover. Our objectives were to determine the influence of gap size on 1) sagebrush canopy cover estimates, 2) time needed to read a transect, and 3) among-observer variability in sagebrush canopy cover estimates. We utilized 5-, 10-, and 15-cm gaps, and defined a gap as a lack of continuous live or dead shrub canopy. In instances where a segment of dead cover was less than the gap size and adjoined live cover, the dead cover was measured as live. We evaluated canopy cover at 6 Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. Wyomingensis Beetle & A. Young) sites in southeast Oregon. At each site, four 2-person teams measured sagebrush canopy intercept along 50-m transects. Each transect was read by multiple teams to allow for assessment of among-observer variability. Intercept values were converted to percent canopy cover and we used analysis of variance to determine the influence of site and gap size on measurement time and cover estimates. Observer variability was highest at the intermediate gap size (i.e., 10 cm). Transect measurement time was longest with the use of a 5-cm gap (P < 0.001). Total cover estimates were not related to gap size (P = 0.270). Live canopy cover estimates increased (P < 0.001) from 12.1% to 14.5% with increasing gap size, and cover of dead material decreased (P = 0.015) from 4.4% to 3.2%. These differences are small in magnitude and would not likely change a gross assessment of vegetation status. However, use of a standardized gap size will enhance comparability of canopy cover estimates among studies and will decrease between-year sampling error for repeat monitoring. C1 Oaks & Prairies Joint Venture, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Mason, TX 76856 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), Oaks & Prairies Joint Venture, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, 201 Westmoreland Ave,POB 1537, Mason, TX 76856 USA. EM ctop.jv@verizon.net NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.2111/05-226R2.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155MS UT WOS:000245582100012 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Li, YC Klassen, W Handoo, Z AF Wang, Qingren Li, Yuncong Klassen, Waldemar Handoo, Zafar TI Influence of cover crops and soil amendments on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) production and soil nematodes SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE amendments; biosolids; composts; coal ash; cover crop; nematode; okra ID WASTE-AMENDED SOIL; N-VIRO SOIL; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PARASITIC NEMATODES; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; MSW COMPOST; MANAGEMENT; TOMATO; YIELD AB A pot experiment to determine the effects of summer cover crops and soil amendments on okra yields and population densities of various soil nematode taxa was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons in a subtropical region. Two cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanense), were grown and returned to the soil with fallow as a control. As soon as these cover crops were harvested, they were soil-incorporated together with one of several organic amendments. These organic amendments were biosolids, N-Viro soil (a 1 : 1 mixture of coal ash and biosolids), coal ash, co-compost (a 3 : 7 mixture of biosolids and yard wastes), and yard waste compost compared with a control (no additional amendment). Other treatments were fumigation with MC-33 (a mixture of 33% of methyl bromide and 67% of chloropicrin) and cover crop removal (harvested and removed cover crops and their residues from the soil). A nematode-susceptible vegetable crop, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), was grown under these treatments. Among organic amendments, the application of biosolids produced the highest okra yield and biomass, and greatly suppressed root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, in the soil. Between these two cover crops, sunn hemp was superior to sorghum sudangrass in improving okra production and in suppressing root-knot nematodes. The result indicates that growing sunn hemp as a cover crop and applying certain organic amendments can improve okra production and suppress root-knot nematodes, which are very damaging to okra plants. Such combined practices show a significant potential for application in organic farming and sustainable agriculture systems in a tropical or subtropical region. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM yunli@ifas.ufl.edu RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1017/S1742170507001585 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 154ZX UT WOS:000245548400005 ER PT J AU Lin, W Dismukes, R AF Lin, William Dismukes, Robert TI Supply response under risk: Implications for counter-cyclical payments' production impact SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; MODELS; DECISIONS; PROGRAMS; MARKET; CORN AB This study investigates the role of risk in farmers' acreage decisions for major field crops in the North Central region by revisiting an earlier study by Chavas and Holt. The empirical model is forward-looking and reflects better variable measurement. We test the effects of wealth and revenue risk on supply response. Estimated results are also used to examine the production impact of counter-cyclical payments (CCPs). We find that the effects of risk on supply response are not strong. An increase in initial wealth would lead to greater crop acreage, consistent with decreasing absolute risk aversion. The effect of CCPs on production appears to be negligible. C1 Econ Res Serv, Mkt & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Lin, W (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Mkt & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 64 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00330.x PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 129UT UT WOS:000243756300005 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Fonseca, H Nava-Trujillo, H Sirisathien, S Johnson, LA Guthrie, D Welch, GR Hernandez, A Brackett, BG AF Hernandez-Fonseca, Hugo Nava-Trujillo, Hector Sirisathien, Saksiri Johnson, Lawrence A. Guthrie, David Welch, Glenn R. Hernandez, Adirmo Brackett, Benjamin G. TI Effect of db-cAMP on embryonic development of bovine oocytes fertilized with sex sorted semen SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA English DT Article DE sorted sperm; db-cAMP; in vitro bovine embryos ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; IN-VITRO; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; MAMMALIAN SPERM; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; CAPACITATION INVITRO; PORCINE OOCYTES; DEFINED MEDIA; MOUSE SPERM AB The objective of this study was to improve sexed bovine embryo production with sorted sperm in chemically defined conditions by supplementing the IVF medium with db-cAMP. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 18 h in supplemented TCM-199 and fertilized with X- or Y-bearing sperm in the presence of heparin (10 mu g/ml), db-cAMP (1 mu M) or no treatment (control). Presumptive zygotes were cultured 54 h in g-SOF. From 72 to 144 h post- insemination (hpi) embryos were cultured in c-SOF+NEA and from 144 to 192 hpi embryos were placed in maturation medium without hormones. No significant differences were found among treatments for Y-sperm when compared to controls. A significant (P<0.01) improvement in the proportion of cleaved oocytes was found for X-sperm treated with db-cAMP (70.83%) compared to the Y-sperm inseminated oocytes treated wit db-cAMP (46.37%). Treatment with db-cAMP enabled a better (P<0.05) blastocyst formation rate (19.29%) compared to control (8.47%) and heparin (10.44%). Treatment of db-cAMP significantly increased the rate of blastocysts in X-sperm inseminated oocytes (30.77%) compared to Y-sperm inseminated oocytes treated the same (9.68%) and compared to X- and Y-sperm treated with heparin (5.88% and 15.15%, respectively) and not treated (9.68% and 7.14%, respectively, P<0.05). These results suggest that db-cAMP may prove to be an effective treatment of sorted sperm for in vitro production of female bovine embryos under chemically defined conditions. C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, UNIBIO, Zulia 15252, Venezuela. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Expt Sur Lago, Santa Barbara Zulia, Venezuela. RP Hernandez-Fonseca, H (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, UNIBIO, Maracaibo Edo Zulia 4005, Zulia 15252, Venezuela. EM hjhernan@cantv.net OI NAVA-TRUJILLO, HECTOR/0000-0001-6780-4909 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156EW UT WOS:000245631900005 ER PT J AU Stephenson, SL Adams, HS Huebner, CD AF Stephenson, Steven L. Adams, Harold S. Huebner, Cynthia D. TI Upland forest vegetation of the ozark mountains in northwestern Arkansas SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE appalachians; forest ecology; Ozarks; vegetation ID GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; COMMUNITIES AB Quantitative data on structure and composition of all strata of vegetation were collected from 20 study sites in the Boston Mountains Subsection of the Ozark Mountains of northwestern Arkansas in June 2004. All study sites were located at upper slope or ridgetop positions and occurred at elevations > 457 m. Oaks (Quercus spp.) were dominants in the tree stratum (stems >= 10 cm DBH) for all 11 sites located < 549 in but in only one site > 590 in. In these higher elevation sites, various other species, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), were relatively more important. Hickories (Carya spp.) were consistently present but usually achieved dominant or codominant status only at higher elevations. Dogwood (Corti us florida) and red maple (A. ruhruin) were the two most important species represented in the small tree (stems >= 2.5 ern but < 10 cm DBH) stratum. The Ozark data set was compared with data obtained from a series of topographically similar study sites in the central Appalachian Mountains of eastern central West Virginia. For the tree stratum, the two regions shared 15 species in common, but these were usually quite different in importance. Oaks were relatively more important in the Ozarks but typically were underrepresented in the small tree, sapling, and seedling strata in both regions. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Dabney S Lancaster Commun Coll, Clifton Forge, VA 24422 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stephenson, SL (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM slsteph@uark.edu; steve_linda@ntelos.net; chuebner@fs.fed.us RI Duello, Theresa/P-5752-2015 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD SPR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 938 BP 197 EP 221 DI 10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[197:UFVOTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 206UZ UT WOS:000249209700006 ER PT J AU Blanco, JF Scatena, FN AF Blanco, Juan F. Scatena, Frederick N. TI The spatial arrangement of Neritina virginea (Gastropoda : Neritidae) during upstream migration in a split-channel reach SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diadromous fauna; neritid snails; hydraulic ecology; habitat selection; tropical streams; Puerto Rico ID NORTHEASTERN PUERTO-RICO; FRESH-WATER GASTROPODS; LOTIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; HABITAT PREFERENCES; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; FEEDING-HABITS; ESPIRITU-SANTO; SNAIL ELIMIA; STREAMS; RIVER AB This paper relates differences in flow hydraulics between a main channel (MC) and a side channel (SC) of a river to patterns of upstream migration by Neritina virginea (Neritidae: Gastropoda), a dominant diadromous snail in streams of Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles). Near-bed water velocity, snail density and shell size were measured on a weekly basis between August and December 2000 along cross-sections in a main channel (MC) and an adjacent channel (SC) under a bridge crossing of the Rio Mameyes of Northeastern Puerto Rico. Near-bed velocity and water depth were used to compute Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, and to classify flows within each channel. During base flow conditions (< 2 m(3) S-1), flow was chaotic and supercritical (Fr > 1) in the MC, and non-chaotic and subcritical (Fr < 1) in the SC. Higher mean densities (> 100 ind m(-2)) of relatively small snails (mean +/- s.d., 6.3 +/- 2.8 mm) were consistently recorded in the MC. Conversely, the SC had lower mean densities (< 20 ind m(-2))and significantly larger snails (7.6 +/- 2.4 mm). Within the MC, migratory groups preferred near-bed velocities > 0.8 m s(-1). Within the SC, they preferred the channel thalweg and depths > 30 cm. The spatial arrangement that was observed between and within the channels may be related to food resources, predation pressure or biomechanics. Characteristics of preferred upstream migration pathways of N. virginea must be accounted when building road crossings in coastal streams with diadromous fauna. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Blanco, JF (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Inst Biol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Medellin, Colombia. EM jblanco@LTERnet.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1002/rra.974 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 149HM UT WOS:000245137900001 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Wood, CW Adams', JF Mesol, B AF Balkcom, Kipling Shane Wood, Charles Wesley Adams', James Fredrick Mesol, Bernard TI Suitability of peanut residue as a nitrogen source for a rye cover crop SO SCIENTIA AGRICOLA LA English DT Article DE N immobilization; N mineralization; legume; nitrogen fertilizer ID CORN PRODUCTION; SYSTEMS; ALFALFA; COTTON AB Leguminous winter cover crops have been utilized in conservation systems to partially meet nitrogen (N) requirements of succeeding summer cash crops, but the potential of summer legumes to reduce N requirements of a winter annual grass, used as a cover crop, has not been extensively examined. This study assessed the N contribution of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) residues to a subsequent rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop grown in a conservation system on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) at Headland, AL USA during the 2003-2005 growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with main plots of peanut residue retained or removed from the soil surface, and subplots as N application rates (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha(-1)) applied in the fall. Peanut residue had minimal to no effect on rye biomass yields, N content, carbon (C) /N ratio, or N, P, K, Ca and Zn uptake. Additional N increased rye biomass yield, and N, P, K, Ca, and Zn uptakes. Peanut residue does not contribute significant amounts of N to a rye cover crop grown as part of a conservation system, but retaining peanut residue on the soil surface could protect the soil from erosion early in the fall and winter before a rye cover crop grows sufficiently to protect the typically degraded southeastern USA soils. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Dynam Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Balkcom, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Dynam Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM kbalkcom@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV SAO PAOLO PI PIRACICABA PA AV PADUA DIAS 11, C P 9, PIRACICABA, SP 13418-900, BRAZIL SN 0103-9016 J9 SCI AGR JI Sci. Agric. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 172DK UT WOS:000246784100012 ER PT J AU Wuest, S AF Wuest, Stewart TI Vapour is the principal source of water imbibed by seeds in unsaturated soils SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE germination; hydraulic conductivity; imbibition; seed-soil contact; water vapour ID WINTER-WHEAT EMERGENCE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; GERMINATION; IMBIBITION; TEMPERATURE; CONTACT; STRESS; DEPTH; TRANSPORT AB The assumption that seeds imbibe most of the water required for germination as liquid through seed-to-soil contact has been a dominant theme in germination research and seeding technology. Under most conditions, seeds are also exposed to water vapour during imbibition, but the relative contributions of liquid and vapour are difficult to assess. In water uptake models that include vapour, procedures used to estimate potential vapour imbibition have under-appreciated the effect of distance on diffusion rate. At the same time, the amount of seed-to-soil contact and the liquid bridge from soil water to the seed tend to be greatly overestimated, considering the soil water contents often found in the field. Most researchers have recorded an approximately equal time to germination at soil water contents ranging from field capacity to nearly permanent wilting point, and little response to bulk density, soil type or seed-soil contact. While hydraulic conductivity decreases by several orders of magnitude as soil water content, bulk density and seed-contact decrease, relative humidity remains near 100%. There are several experiments demonstrating timely germination in water vapour alone. The combined evidence contradicts the assumption that seed-soil contact is important for imbibition of water by seeds. Water vapour should be considered the primary source of water for seeds in unsaturated soils. C1 USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM Stewart.Wuest@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1017/S0960258507383165 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 162DF UT WOS:000246066300002 ER PT J AU Vitecek, J Petrlova, J Adam, V Havel, L Kramer, KJ Babula, P Kizek, R AF Vitecek, Jan Petrlova, Jitka Adam, Vojtech Havel, Ladislav Kramer, Karl J. Babula, Petr Kizek, Rene TI A fluorimetric sensor for detection of one living cell SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE esterase; enzymes; single-cell analysis; attomole detection; fluorimetry; fluorescence microscopy; confocal microscopy; native gel electrophoresis; fluorescein diacetate; tobacco; BY-2 cells; protoplast; growth curve; viability ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; EARLY SOMATIC EMBRYOS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NORWAY SPRUCE; DIPLOID PARTHENOGENESIS; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; ESTERASE-ACTIVITY; AMINO-ACIDS; APOPTOSIS; VIABILITY AB Nowadays, studies of metabolic pathways and processes in living organisms cannot be easily done at the cellular level. That is why the development of a new analytical methods and approaches is needed, to allow detection of different biologically important species at very low concentrations levels and sample volumes, especially in individual cells. In the present work, we suggested a sensor to detect units of living cells by means determination of plant esterases (PE) based on fluorimetric detection of the products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate in plant cell cultures (BY-2 tobacco cells and early somatic embryos of Norway spruce, clone 2/32). We standardized the sensor using a readily available esterase from pig liver. The detection limits were approximately 17 to 50 amol in 2 ml (8.5 to 25 femtomolar concentrations of esterases) of the enzyme contained in BY-2 tobacco cells and spruce early somatic embryos, respectively, after re-computation on the amounts of pig liver esterases. We assumed that the optimised sensor for the determination of PE in cell extracts accomplishes all requirements for a sensitive analysis which could be usable for single cell analysis. The detection limit was 1.5 in case of analysing BY-2 tobacco cells and 0.5 in early somatic embryos. Moreover, we were able to detect single protoplasts. C1 Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fac Agron, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Plant Biol, Fac Agron, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Nat Drugs, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic. RP Kizek, R (reprint author), Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fac Agron, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. EM kizek@sci.muni.cz RI Havel, Ladislav/C-8954-2012; Kizek, Rene/D-7748-2012; Adam, Vojtech/D-7686-2012 OI Havel, Ladislav/0000-0003-3378-2785; Adam, Vojtech/0000-0002-8527-286X NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 222 EP 238 DI 10.3390/s7030222 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 152XL UT WOS:000245395500001 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Wiggans, GR Bannerman, DD Thomas, DL Sanders, AH Contreras, A Moroni, P Miller, RH AF Paape, M. J. Wiggans, G. R. Bannerman, D. D. Thomas, D. L. Sanders, A. H. Contreras, A. Moroni, P. Miller, R. H. TI Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE somatic cell count; abnormal milk; stage of lactation; goat milk; sheep milk; cow milk; chemotaxis; Cytokines; PMN neutrophils ID LACTATING OVINE UDDER; DAIRY GOATS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDUCED INFLAMMATION; SERUM-ALBUMIN; MAMMARY-GLAND; EWE MILK; STAGE AB The milk somatic cell count (MSCC) forms the basis of abnormal milk control programs world wide for goats, cows and sheep. To better understand factors that contribute to elevations in MSCC, the effects of stage of lactation, parity, breed and state/area in the United States (US) on MSCC were examined. Least squares means were calculated on composite milk somatic cell scores from 26,607 goats, 5,944,614 cows and 2197 sheep and the results converted back to MSCC. For goats and cows, MSCC increased with stage of lactation and parity. Counts for cows were lower than counts for goats. By the fifth parity, counts for goats increased to 1, 150,000 ml(-1), exceeding the 1,000,000 ml(-1) legal limit for goat milk in the US, whereas maximum counts for cows averaged only 300,000 ml(-1), less than the 750,000 ml(-1) legal limit in the US and 400,000 in the European Union (EU). Currently, there is no legal limit for goat milk in the EU. For sheep, MSCC for first parity were higher than for later parities. For later parities, MSCC decreased with advanced lactation. Cell counts for sheep milk were similar to counts for cow milk. Breed and state/area contributed to variation in cell count for goats and cows. Data were not available for sheep. Studies in the US and EU examined non-infectious factors contributing to elevations in cell counts. Non-infectious factors such as parity and stage of lactation had minimal effects on MSCC for cows and sheep, but had a major impact on counts for goats, and need to be considered when establishing legal limits for goat milk. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Murcia, Dept Anim Hlth, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. Univ Milan, Dept Anim Pathol Hyg & Vet Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mpaape@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Thomas, David/H-4923-2011; SKORJANC, Dejan/K-5804-2014 OI SKORJANC, Dejan/0000-0002-8960-5385 NR 57 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.014 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 144YL UT WOS:000244832400010 ER PT J AU Contreras, A Sierra, D Sanchez, A Corrales, JC Marco, JC Paape, MJ Gonzalo, C AF Contreras, A. Sierra, D. Sanchez, A. Corrales, J. C. Marco, J. C. Paape, M. J. Gonzalo, C. TI Mastitis in small ruminants. SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; sheep; mastitis; etiology; diagnosis; control ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS; GOAT MILK; DAIRY SHEEP; EWE MILK; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTIONS; NOCARDIA-FARCINICA; AUREUS STRAINS; PATHOGENS AB This manuscript reviews the most recent knowledge about small ruminant mastitis, pointing out the etiological, epidemiological and control aspects of mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in small ruminants averages 5-30%, but the annual incidence of clinical mastitis is generally lower than 5%. Staphylococcus spp., are the most prevalent pathogens responsible for intramammary infection in small ruminants. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus should be eliminated because of the severity of the clinical symptoms and also because of the risk of contamination of milk products by thermostable toxins. The public health impact of other pathogens causing mastitis is also emphasized in this review, and the efficacy of diagnostic tools is discussed, especially diagnostic bacteriological tests and determination of milk somatic cell counts (MSCC). Several mastitis control strategies are discussed, such as milking procedures, teat dip disinfection and selective dry-off therapy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. Comunidad Autonoma Reg Murcia, Lab Agroalimentario & Sanidad Anim, Consejeria Agr & Agua, Murcia 30120, Spain. Lab Normat & Salud Publ, Gobierno Vasco, Bilbao 48010, Spain. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Leon, Fac Vet, Dept Prod Anim, E-24071 Leon, Spain. RP Contreras, A (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, Dept Sanidad Anim, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. EM acontrer@um.es RI Corrales, Juan Carlos/F-4596-2016; OI Sanchez, Antonio/0000-0002-1868-3829 NR 68 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.011 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 144YL UT WOS:000244832400012 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Paul, EA Pruessner, EG AF Follett, Ronald F. Paul, Eldor A. Pruessner, Elizabeth G. TI Soil carbon dynamics during a long-term incubation study involving C-13 and C-14 measurements SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; soil microbial biomass; long-term incubation; carbon isotopes; tillage treatments; acid hydrolysis; carbon dioxide ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; GREAT-PLAINS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION; TURNOVER; POOLS; AGGREGATE; SYSTEMS AB Soil organic matter is the earth's largest terrestrial reservoir of carbon (C). Thus, it serves as a major control on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. To better understand these controls, decreases in soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass (SMB) C, and the role of SMB as a source of mineralizable C were measured during a long-term incubation (853 days) without added substrate. The 2 soils used were a Weld loam (fine montmorillonitic, mesic, Aridic Paleustoll) from near Akron, Colorado, and a Duroc loam (fine silty, mixed mesic Pachic Haplustoll) from near Sidney, Nebraska. The Akron soil was uniformly cropped to small grain crop-fallow rotations until 1989 when wheat (Triticum aestivutn L.) in conventional (stubble mulch) till-fallow, reduced till-fallow, and no-till fallow treatments were adopted. On additional rotation plots, continuous corn (Zea tnays L.) or no-till corn, fallow, wheat, and no-till corn in a 4-year rotation were grown. The Sidney soil was broken from native sod in 1970 and planted to wheat-fallow with notill, plow-tillage, and sod-plot treatments. Moist soil samples were collected and refrigerated until plant material removal by sieving and picking. The SOC and SMB-C decreased during incubation and rates of loss measured. The results from this study allow insights into contributions of SMB and changes in soil isotope C ratios not previously available. Soil microbial biomass C contributed an average of 31% of the evolved CO2-C across all treatments between day 10 and day 79 of incubation and an average of about 20% during the more extended times between later measurements thereafter. Until day 160, evolution of (CO2)-C-13 during incubation indicated that evolved C came from plant residues and was soil derived thereafter, including from the native grassland SOC. Where corn was grown, evolution of evolved C is hypothesized to have had a less negative (CO2)-C-13 isotope signature from days 630 to 720 of the incubation because of the delayed microbial breakdown of the cob materials. After 853 days of incubation and across all plots, the SOC remaining averaged 67% and was similar to the amount of observed hydrolysis residue C. Acid hydrolysis and C-14 dating were also used to characterize the resistant SOC fraction and showed increased C-14 age with hydrolysis but not with long-term incubation. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Natl Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Suite 100,Bldg D,2105 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ronald.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 30 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.1097/ss.Ob013e31803403de PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 148DQ UT WOS:000245055100002 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Hammer, D Seybold, CA Engel, RJ Burt, R Jones, P AF Elrashidi, M. A. Hammer, D. Seybold, C. A. Engel, R. J. Burt, R. Jones, P. TI Application of equivalent gypsum content to estimate potential subsidence of gypsiferous soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equivalent gypsum; gypsiferous soil; subsidence; gypsic horizon; Petrogypsic horizon; anhydrite; bassanite ID SOLUBILITY PRODUCT AB The application of irrigation water on farmland throughout the and and semiarid areas poses severe engineering challenges for gypsiferous soils. Subsidence and corrosion also pose severe engineering problems when gypsiferous soils are used for urban development or home sites. Subsidence is attributed to the dissolution and removal of gypsum by water, and it is usually used to estimate potential subsidence of soils. However, a number of other water-soluble minerals may occur in association with gypsum in these soils. Thus, subsidence should be attributed to the dissolution and removal of both gypsum and other water-soluble minerals in soils. The objectives were to (i) develop a laboratory method (equivalent gypsum content, or EGC) to estimate the content of both gypsum and other water-soluble minerals in gypsiferous soils and (ii) apply the EGC method to estimate potential subsidence of these soils. We used the relationship between dissolved minerals and electrical conductivity in soil/water solutions under equilibrium to estimate the EGC for soils. The EGC is defined as the quantity of both gypsum and other water-soluble minerals and expressed as gypsum percentage (by weight) in soils. We measured the EGC for 92 gypsumrich soil samples collected from different and and semiarid areas in the United States. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.97**) was found between the EGC and gypsum determined by the standard acetone method. The EGC was greater than gypsum content for almost all soils investigated. The average of EGC was 26.3% compared with 20.2% for gypsum. Using gypsum percentage would underestimate subsidence of these soils. We suggest the application of EGC rather than the gypsum content to estimate potential subsidence. Further, the EGC could be applied to provide a reasonable estimation of gypsum percentage for soils. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@lin.usada.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 209 EP 224 DI 10.1097/ss.ObO13e31802ff892 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 148DQ UT WOS:000245055100003 ER PT J AU Richter, DD Hofmockel, M Callaham, MA Powlson, DS Smith, P AF Richter, Daniel deB., Jr. Hofmockel, Michael Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Powlson, David S. Smith, Pete TI Long-term soil experiments: Keys to managing Earth's rapidly changing ecosystems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; AMELIORATING SUBSOIL ACIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BROADBALK WHEAT EXPERIMENT; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SULFUR DEPOSITION AB To meet economic and environmental demands for about 10 billion people by the mid-21st century, humanity will be challenged to double food production from the Earth's soil and diminish adverse effects of soil management on the wider environment. To meet these challenges, an array of scientific approaches is being used to increase understanding of long-term soil trends and soil-environment interactions. One of these approaches, that of long-term soil experiments (LTSEs), provides direct observations of soil change and functioning across time scales of decades, data critical for biological, biogeochemical, and environmental assessments of sustainability; for predictions of soil productivity and soil-environment interactions; and for developing models at a wide range of scales. Although LTSEs take years to mature, are vulnerable to loss, and have yet to be comprehensively inventoried or networked, LTSEs address a number of contemporary issues and yield data of special significance to soil management. The objective of this study was to evaluate how LTSEs address three questions that fundamentally challenge modern society: how soils can sustain a doubling of food production in the coming decades, how soils interact with the global C cycle, and how soil management can establish greater control over nutrient cycling. Results demonstrate how LTSEs produce significant data and perspectives for all three questions. Results also suggest the need for a review of the state of our long-term soil-research base and the establishment of an efficiently run network of LTSEs aimed at soil-management sustainability and improving management control over C and nutrient cycling. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environ & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Rothamsted Res, Agr & Environ Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. RP Richter, DD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environ & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM drichter@duke.edu RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Hofmockel, Michael/E-9093-2017 OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Hofmockel, Michael/0000-0001-9372-534X NR 154 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 51 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 266 EP 279 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0181 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700002 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Bauer, PJ Hunt, PG AF Novak, J. M. Bauer, P. J. Hunt, P. G. TI Carbon dynamics under long-term conservation and disk tillage management in a Norfolk loamy sand SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEQUESTRATION; CO2; STABILIZATION; ILLINOIS; FLUX AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequeatration is an important process to mitigate CO2 emissions. Our objectives were to determine the rates of C sequestration and to determine if the SOC pool was at or approaching equilibrium in plots under long-term (24-yr) conservation (CT) and disk tillage (DT) management. The plots were Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudult) and were under a row crop rotation. All plots recieved annual subsoiling, while only plots under DT were surface disked. Soil cores were collected to 90 cm deep. After 24 yr, the only significant increase in SOC occured in CT plots to a 0- to 5-cm depth. The SOC pool in plots under DT was a near-steady state, while the SOC pool under CT was not at equilibrium. This supports the conclusion that CT is an effective countermeasure to offset atmospheric CO2 emissions. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM novak@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0284N PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700023 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Mills, D Jayachandran, K Moorman, TB AF Entry, James A. Mills, DeEtta Jayachandran, Krish Moorman, Thomas B. TI Symposium: Molecular-based approaches to soil microbiology SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Everglades Program Team, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Everglades Program Team, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM James_Entry@nps.gov RI Mills, DeEtta/G-8532-2015 OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 561 EP 561 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.MBASM PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700036 ER PT J AU Mills, DK Entry, JA Gillevet, PM Mathee, K AF Mills, DeEtta K. Entry, James A. Gillevet, Patrick M. Mathee, Kalai TI Assessing microbial community diversity using amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; COPY NUMBER; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SARGASSO SEA; SOIL; PCR; PROFILES AB It is thought that a microbial community is an assemblage of organisms, genes, and gene functions. Transient, acute signals such as excessive nutrient loads or disturbance and chronic signals such as seasonal temperature or rainfall impact the total environmental system. The goal of many microbial ecologists is to determine if a finely resolved study of microbial dynamics can be used as a large-scale biosensor to follow diversity patterns in the environment. With the development of new genomic tools, community-level studies have been designed that can interrogate the finer details of the biological components of a given habitat. Amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) interrogates the hypervariable domains of the ribosomal small-subunit genes and separates these domains based on the naturally occurring sequence lengths of DNA. The amplicons are phylogenetically relevant in that the various amplicons generated can be directly associated with specific taxonomic sequences archived in the databases. The application of the LH-PCR technique as a monitoring tool for microbial ecology has been shown to enhance and extend the current understanding of the dynamics of microbial communities in their specific environments. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Mills, DK (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM millsd@fiu.edu RI Mills, DeEtta/G-8532-2015 OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0147 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700038 ER PT J AU Rogers, SW Moorman, TB Ong, SK AF Rogers, Shane W. Moorman, Thomas B. Ong, Say Kee TI Fluorescent in situ hybridization and micro-autoradiography applied to ecophysiology in soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CATALYZED REPORTER DEPOSITION; AUTOTROPHIC NITRIFYING BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; GREEN NONSULFUR BACTERIA; AUTOMATED IMAGE-ANALYSIS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; DNA G+C CONTENT AB Soil microbial communities perform many important processes, including nutrient cycling, plant-microorganism interactions, and degradation of xenobiotics. The study of microbial communities, however, has been limited by cultural methods, which may greatly underestimate diversity. The advent of nucleic acids technologies allows microbial communities to be quantified and classified without the limitations of cultivation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and other tools of molecular ecology are now being used to investigate community structure and diversity of soils, aquifers, and other natural habitats. Based on these studies, soil microbial communities are diverse and appear to respond to anthropogenic inputs, such as fertilizer, manure, and pollutants, as well as the more well-known constraints imposed by temperature and moisture. Yet most nucleic-acids-based technologies are unable to directly link phylogeny with processes in a manner similar to cultivation-based approaches, restricting the conclusions that can be drawn from the large data sets they generate. Recently, the combination of FISH with microautoradiography (FISH-MAR) allows cells active in processes to be quantified and simultaneously classified phylogenetically. In this review, we discuss how FISH-MAR can be used to quantify the specific microbial phylotype(s) responsible for a microbially catalyzed process. Examples of the use of FISH and FISH-MAR in soils and sediments are described. The capabilities and limitations of these techniques for linking microbial community structure and function are discussed. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rogers, SW (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MS 421, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM rogers.shane@epa.gov RI Ong, Say Kee/H-7026-2013; OI Ong, Say Kee/0000-0002-5008-4279; Rogers, Shane/0000-0003-4488-5122 NR 121 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 620 EP 631 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0105 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147CJ UT WOS:000244980700043 ER PT J AU Lal, R Reicosky, DL Hanson, JD AF Lal, R. Reicosky, D. L. Hanson, J. D. TI Evolution of the plow over 10,000 years and the rationale for no-till farming SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation tillage; no-till farming; tillage intensity; evolution of agriculture; soil erosion; dust bowl; desertification; tillage implements ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; WESTERN NIGERIA; SOIL PROPERTIES; AGRICULTURE; FERTILIZER; MAIZE; MANAGEMENT; DIOXIDE; IMPACTS AB Agriculture and the plow originated 10-13 millennia ago in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East, mostly along the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus and Yangtze River valleys, and were introduced into Greece and southeastern Europe similar to 8000 years ago. The wooden plow, called an ard, evolved into the "Roman plow", with an iron plowshare, described by Virgil around I AD and was used in Europe until the fifth century. It further evolved into a soil inverting plow during the 8th to 10th century. In the U.S., a moldboard plow was designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1784, patented by Charles Newfold in 1796, and marketed in the 1830s as a cast iron plow by a blacksmith named John Deere. Use of the plow expanded rapidly with the introduction of the "steam horse" in 1910 that led to widespread severe soil erosion and environmental degradation culminating in the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. A transition from moldboard plow to various forms of conservation tillage began with the development of 2,4-D after World War II. No-till is presently practiced on about 95 million hectares globally. No-till technologies are very effective in minimizing soil and crop residue disturbance, controlling soil evaporation, minimizing erosion losses, sequestering C in soil and reducing energy needs. However, no-till is effective only with the use of crop residue as mulch, which has numerous competing uses. No-till farming can reduce yield in poorly drained, clayey soils when springtime is cold and wet. Soil-specific research is needed to enhance applicability of no-till farming by alleviating biophysical, economic, social and cultural constraints. There is a strong need to enhance sustainability of production systems while improving the environmental quality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 422B Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Lal.1@osu.edu; reicosky@morris.ars.usda.gov; jon@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 131 Z9 144 U1 10 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.11.004 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135OV UT WOS:000244163800001 ER PT J AU Cullum, RF Wilson, GV McGregor, KC Johnson, JR AF Cullum, R. F. Wilson, G. V. McGregor, K. C. Johnson, J. R. TI Runoff and soil loss from ultra-narrow row cotton plots with and without stiff-grass hedges SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE runoff; soil loss; ultra-narrow row cotton; soil loss ratios; cropping and management factor (C-factor); erosion control practice factor (P-lactor) AB Grass hedges and no-till cropping systems reduced soil losses on standard erosion plots in ultra-narrow row (20 cm) cotton during a 4-year study (1999-2002). No-till cotton with grass hedges, no-till cotton without grass hedges, conventional-till cotton with grass hedges, and conventional-till cotton without grass hedges produced 4-year average annual soil losses of 1.8, 2.9, 4.0, and 30.8 t ha(-1), respectively, and produced 4-year average runoff amounts of 267, 245, 353, and 585 mm, respectively. The annual ratio of soil loss for no-till ultra-narrow row cotton plots with grass hedges to those without hedges averaged 0.62. The annual ratio of soil loss for conventional-till plots with grass hedges to without hedges was 0.13. Averaged over all plots (with and without grass hedges), no-till plots had 86% less soil loss than conventional-till plots. No-till plots without grass hedges had 90% less soil loss than conventional-till plots without grass hedges. Grass hedges effectively reduced soil loss on erosion plots with similar cropping practices as compared to plots without hedges. Along with the reduced soil losses from no-till system as compared to conventional-till system, the no-till ultra-narrow row cotton system resulted in an average 0.2 t ha(-1) yield increase as compared to the conventional-till system. Reduced soil loss and increased crop yield are both positive factors that the user should consider when adopting this cotton system. Other studies of contoured grass hedges on field-sized areas are being conducted to determine their applicability on larger areas with greater concentrations of runoff. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Branch Expt Stn, Holly Springs, MS USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM bcullum@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.010 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135OV UT WOS:000244163800005 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Brock, BG AF Franzluebbers, A. J. Brock, B. G. TI Surface soil responses to silage cropping intensity on a Typic Kanhapludult in the piedmont of North Carolina SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggregation; bulk density; conservation tillage; organic carbon; soil nitrogen; soil quality ID CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION-INCUBATION; ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; ZEA MAYS L; GREAT-PLAINS; NO-TILLAGE; QUALITY; CARBON; STRATIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT AB Although reduced tillage itself is beneficial to soil quality and farm economics, the amount of crop residues returned to the soil will likely alter the success of a particular conservation tillage system within a farm operation. We investigated the impact of three cropping systems (a gradient in silage cropping intensity) on selected soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Cropping systems were: (1) maize (Zea mays L.) silage/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage (high silage intensity), (2) maize silage/winter cover crop (medium silage intensity), and (3) maize silage/barley grain-summer cover crop/winter cover crop (low silage intensity). There was an inverse relationship between silage intensity and the quantity of surface residue C and N contents. With time, soil bulk density at a depth of 0-3 cm became lower and total and particulate C and N fractions, and stability of macroaggregates became higher with lower silage intensity as a result of greater crop residue returned to soil. Soil bulk density at 0-3 cm depth was initially 0.88 Mg m(-3) and increased to 1.08 Mg m(-3) at the end of 7 years under high silage intensity. Total organic C at 0-20 cm depth was initially 11.7 g kg(-1) and increased to 14.3 a kg(-1) at the end of 7 years under low silage intensity. Stability of macroaggregates at 0-3 cm depth at the end of 7 years was 99% under low silage intensity, 96% under medium silage intensity, and 89% under high silage intensity. Soil microbial biomass C at 0-3 cm depth at the end of 7 years was greater with low silage intensity (1910 mg kg(-1)) than with high silage intensity (1172 mg kg(-1)). Less intensive silage cropping (i.e., greater quantities of crop residue returned to soil) had a multitude of positive effects on soil properties, even in continuous no-tillage crop production systems. An optimum balance between short-term economic returns and longer-term investments in improved soil quality for more sustainable production can be achieved in no-tillage silage cropping systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Raleigh, NC 27609 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 126 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.021 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135OV UT WOS:000244163800013 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Novak, JM Caesar-TonThat, TC AF Busscher, W. J. Novak, J. M. Caesar-TonThat, T. C. TI Organic matter and polyacrylamide amendment of Norfolk loamy sand SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil amendment; polyacrylamide; soil strength; aggregate ID DEEP TILLAGE; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; WHEAT; PENETRATION; COMPACTION; MANAGEMENT; ACRYLAMIDE; STABILITY AB Loamy sand soils of the southeastern USA Coastal Plains often have poor physical properties because they contain cemented subsurface hard layers that restrict root development and yield. Their physical properties can be improved by adding amendments. Polyacrylamide (PAM) amendments and/or organic matter (OM) in the form of ground wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble or pecan (Carya illinoensis) branches were mixed into a blend of 90% E horizon and 10% Ap horizon (to assure microbial presence) obtained from a Norfolk soil (Acrisol or fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). We hypothesized that incorporation of these amendments would improve soil physical properties by reducing strength and improving aggregation. Amended treatments contained 450 g of soil, OM, and 30 or 120 mg kg(-1) of PAM (12 mg mol(-1), anionic, and 35% charge density); treatments were incubated for 96 days at 10% (w/w) water content. Twice during the incubation period, treatments were leached with 1.3 pore volumes of deionized water. After leaching and equilibrating to stable water contents, treatments were analyzed for bulk densities and probed with a 5-mm diameter flat-tipped bench-top penetrometer to measure penetration resistances. Though penetration resistances increased for the highest level of PAM amendment, they showed no significance when both PAM and OM were added to the soil. When compared to controls, treatments with PAM at 120 mg kg(-1) had decreased bulk densities. Treatments with both rates of PAM had decreased requirements for water needed to maintain treatments at 10% water contents. Aggregation increased with increasing amounts of PAM but showed no consistent trend when both PAM and OM were added to the soil. Because PAM increased aggregation and water holding capacities in these coastal soils, it could reduce the need for deep tillage. However, more work needs to be done to determine an effective mix of PAM and OM. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM busscher@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.023 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 135OV UT WOS:000244163800017 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE AF Naranjo, Steven E. TI Survival and movement of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : aleyrodidae) crawlers on cotton SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA Spanish DT Article ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; IPM AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to estimate survival rates of crawler stage Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B. argentifolii Perring & Bellows) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to enable more accurate life tables to be constructed for this important insect pest. The survival of crawlers did not differ significantly between still-air and artificial wind treatments in the greenhouse and averaged 90%. Overall, 99.5% of the crawlers settled on the abaxial surface of leaves, and 99.9% settled on the leaf where eggs were oviposited. Out of 4,125 nymphs, only five settled on leaves other than the leaf of origin, and they all moved to leaves lower on the plant. Assuming that these individuals crawled rather than fell, the mean distance moved was at least 200 mm. Using a combination of cohort-based life table studies to measure egg mortality and recruitment studies to measure egg to settled first instar mortality in the field, crawler survival was estimated to average 89.2% over three study sites in Phoenix and Maricopa, AZ. Overall results suggest that crawlers move very little on cotton and that survival of the crawler stage is relatively high under both greenhouse and field conditions. Generational mortality rates estimated from previous life table studies in the field that excluded crawler mortality would increase by only 0.8% with the addition of this minor mortality component. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.1.17 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000248027200003 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD North, MP Kelt, DA AF Meyer, Marc D. North, Malcolm P. Kelt, Douglas A. TI Nest trees of northern flying squirrels in Yosemite National Park, California SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; FORESTS; MAMMALS; FUNGI AB We examined nest tree preferences of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest of Yosemite National Park, California. We tracked 8 individuals to 21 nest trees during July through September 2004. Flying squirrels selected nest trees that were larger in diameter and taller than either large nearest-neighbor or random trees. Flying squirrels showed no tree species preference, but used snags more often than live trees relative to their availability. Nest trees were not closer to perennial creeks than random trees. Results suggest that northern flying squirrels of Yosemite National Park might require large trees and snags, but unlike more xeric parts of the extreme southern Sierra Nevada, they might not be constrained by proximity to perennial streams. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mdmeyer@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[157:NTONFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800027 ER PT J AU Galentine, SP Swifr, PK AF Galentine, Steve P. Swifr, Pamela K. TI Intraspecific killing among mountain lions (Puma concolor) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Reports of intraspecific strife among mountain lions (Puma concolor) have been presented in the literature. However, there are no published accounts of an actual field observation of lion behavior during an incidence of intraspecific strife. Here we provide a report of such an incident, in which a female mountain lion was killed by a male mountain lion in rural El Dorado County, California, in 2002. Observations from a field investigation of the site and the results of the necropsy of the female also are presented. The investigation indicated that the female lion was healthy and was not pregnant, lactating, or in estrus. Mortal injury was a skull fracture resulting in brain damage and hemorrhage. We suspect the female might have been killed while defending a deer kill or as prey of the male lion. C1 USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Galentine, SP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, 3419A Arden Way, Sacramento, CA USA. EM Steven.P.Gatentine@aphis.usda.gov RI Pires da Silva, Andre/B-1066-2008 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[161:IKAMLP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147FW UT WOS:000244989800028 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David. G. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Characterisation of Jicama (Mexican potato) (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) starch from taproots grown in USA and Mexico SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE starch; jicama; Jicama; Mexican potato; Mexican turnip; Pachyrhizus erosus; starch structure; starch function; amylose; amylopectin; yam bean; Mexikoi; karalabe; Sakula; Xiquima; Kuzu-imo ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; PASTING PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION; WAXY; RETROGRADATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE AB Characteristics of starch extracted from roots of jfcama (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) cultivated in Texas and two locations in Mexico were studied. Jicama starch granules were spherical or polygonal with diameters ranging from 1-15 mu m. Jicama starch exhibited C-A-type X-ray diffraction pattern, an apparent amylose content of 28.1 % and absolute amylose content of 23.6%. Jicama amylopectin weight-average molar mass (M-w) was 3.9 x 10(8) g/mol and gyration radius (R-z) was 363 nm. Average amylopectin branch chain-length was short (DP 22.7). Onset gelatinisation temperature was very low (52.0 degrees C) and enthalpy change was 15.1 J/g. Thermal transition of amylose-lipid dissociation was not observed. Peak (282 RVU), final (221 RVU) and breakdown (137 RVU) viscosity of 8% jicama starch paste were high relative to other starches and pasting temperature was 72.3 degrees C. Starch characteristics were similar among all three growing locations except M-w, R-z and pasting properties. High paste viscosity and low gelatinisation temperature could give jicama starch advantages in some industrial applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Stevenson@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1002/star.200600596 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 159MY UT WOS:000245871400003 ER PT J AU McCallum, J Pither-Joyce, M Shaw, M Kenel, F Davis, S Butler, R Scheffer, J Jakse, J Havey, MJ AF McCallum, John Pither-Joyce, Meeghan Shaw, Martin Kenel, Fernand Davis, Sheree Butler, Ruth Scheffer, John Jakse, Jernej Havey, Michael J. TI Genetic mapping of sulfur assimilation genes reveals a QTL for onion bulb pungency SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRUVIC-ACID CONTENT; ALLIUM-CEPA L.; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE; GENUS ALLIUM; FLAVOR; METABOLISM; FERTILITY; CHEMISTRY AB Onion exhibits wide genetic and environmental variation in bioactive organosulfur compounds that impart pungency and health benefits. A PCR-based molecular marker map that included candidate genes for sulfur assimilation was used to identify genomic regions affecting pungency in the cross 'W202A' x 'Texas Grano 438'. Linkage mapping revealed that genes encoding plastidic ferredoxin-sulfite reductase (SiR) and plastidic ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) are closely linked (1-2 cM) on chromosome 3. Inbred F-3 families derived from the F-2 population used to construct the genetic map were grown in replicated trials in two environments and bulb pungency was evaluated as pyruvic acid or lachrymatory factor. Broad-sense heritability of pungency was estimated to be 0.78-0.80. QTL analysis revealed significant associations of both pungency and bulb soluble solids content with marker intervals on chromosomes 3 and 5, which have previously been reported to condition pleiotropic effects on bulb carbohydrate composition. Highly significant associations (LOD 3.7-8.7) were observed between ATPS and SiR Loci and bulb pungency but not with bulb solids content. This association was confirmed in two larger, independently derived F-2 families from the same cross. Single-locus models suggested that the partially dominant locus associated with these candidate genes controls 30-50% of genetic variation in pungency in these pedigrees. These markers may provide a practical means to select for lower pungency without correlated selection for lowered solids. C1 New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Pukekohe, New Zealand. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP McCallum, J (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM mccallumj@crop.cri.nz RI Butler, Ruth/D-5825-2011; OI Butler, Ruth/0000-0001-8646-1147; Jakse, Jernej/0000-0002-8907-1627 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 114 IS 5 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0479-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 140EI UT WOS:000244486600005 PM 17180376 ER PT J AU Caniato, FF Guimaraes, CT Schaffert, RE Alves, VMC Kochian, LV Borem, A Klein, PE Magalhaes, JV AF Caniato, F. F. Guimaraes, C. T. Schaffert, R. E. Alves, V. M. C. Kochian, L. V. Borem, A. Klein, P. E. Magalhaes, J. V. TI Genetic diversity for aluminum tolerance in sorghum SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; WHEAT CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; SECALE-CEREALE L.; BICOLOR L MOENCH; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; MALATE TRANSPORTER AB Genetic variation for aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants has allowed the development of cultivars that are high yielding on acidic, Al toxic soils. However, knowledge of intraspecific variation for Al tolerance control is needed in order to assess the potential for further Al tolerance improvement. Here we focused on the major sorghum Al tolerance gene, Alt (SB) , from the highly Al tolerant standard SC283 to investigate the range of genetic diversity for Al tolerance control in sorghum accessions from diverse origins. Two tightly linked STS markers flanking Alt (SB) were used to study the role of this locus in the segregation for Al tolerance in mapping populations derived from different sources of Al tolerance crossed with a common Al sensitive tester, BR012, as well as to isolate the allelic effects of Alt (SB) in near-isogenic lines. The results indicated the existence not only of multiple alleles at the Alt (SB) locus, which conditioned a wide range of tolerance levels, but also of novel sorghum Al tolerance genes. Transgressive segregation was observed in a highly Al tolerant breeding line, indicating that potential exists to exploit the additive or codominant effects of distinct Al tolerance loci. A global, SSR-based, genetic diversity analysis using a broader sorghum set revealed the presence of both multiple Alt (SB) alleles and different Al tolerance genes within highly related accessions. This suggests that efforts toward broadening the genetic basis for Al tolerance in sorghum may benefit from a detailed analysis of Al tolerance gene diversity within subgroups across a target population. C1 Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Magalhaes, JV (reprint author), Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, Rod MG 424,Km 65, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. EM jurandir@cnpms.embrapa.br OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 69 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 114 IS 5 BP 863 EP 876 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0485-x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 140EI UT WOS:000244486600009 PM 17252254 ER PT J AU Yoon, MS Song, QJ Choi, IY Specht, JE Hyten, DL Cregan, PB AF Yoon, M. S. Song, Q. J. Choi, I. Y. Specht, J. E. Hyten, D. L. Cregan, P. B. TI BARCSoySNP23: a panel of 23 selected SNPs for soybean cultivar identification SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; STR LOCI; FLUORESCENT MULTIPLEXES; PATERNITY ANALYSIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; MUTATION-RATE; POPULATION; REPEAT; ASSAY AB This report describes a set of 23 informative SNPs (BARCSoySNP23) distributed on 19 of the 20 soybean linkage groups that can be used for soybean cultivar identification. Selection of the SNPs to include in this set was made based upon the information provided by each SNP for distinguishing a diverse set of soybean genotypes as well as the linkage map position of each SNP. The genotypes included the ancestors of North American cultivars, modern North American cultivars and a group of Korean cultivars. The procedure used to identify this subset of highly informative SNP markers resulted in a significant increase in the power of identification versus any other randomly selected set of equal number. This conclusion was supported by a simulation which indicated that the 23-SNP panel can uniquely distinguish 2,200 soybean cultivars, whereas sets of randomly selected 23-SNP panels allowed the unique identification of only about 50 cultivars. The 23-SNP panel can efficiently distinguish each of the genotypes within four maturity group sets of additional cultivars/lines that have identical classical pigmentation and morphological traits. Comparatively, the 13 trinucleotide SSR set published earlier (BARCSoySSR13) has more power on a per locus basis because of the multi-allelic nature of SSRs. However, the assay of bi-allelic SNP loci can be multi-plexed using non-gel based techniques allowing for rapid determination of the SNP alleles present in soybean genotypes, thereby compensating for their relatively low information content. Both BARCSoySNP23 and BARCSoySSR13 were highly congruent relative to identifying genotypes and for estimating population genetic differences. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Genet Resources Div, Suwon 441707, South Korea. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 114 IS 5 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0487-8 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 140EI UT WOS:000244486600011 PM 17219205 ER PT J AU Paoletti, E Bytnerowicz, A Andersen, C Augustaitis, A Ferretti, M Grulke, N Gunthardt-Goerg, MS Innes, J Johnson, D Karnosky, D Luangjame, J Matyssek, R McNulty, S Muller-Starck, G Musselman, R Percy, K AF Paoletti, Elena Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Andersen, Chris Augustaitis, Algirdas Ferretti, Marco Grulke, Nancy Guenthardt-Goerg, Madeleine S. Innes, John Johnson, Dale Karnosky, Dave Luangjame, Jesada Matyssek, Rainer McNulty, Steven Mueller-Starck, Gerhard Musselman, Robert Percy, Kevin TI Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems - Emerging research needs SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE air pollutants; forests; global change; state of the art AB Outcomes from the 22nd meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems "Forests under Anthropogenic Pressure - Effects of Air Pollution, Climate Change and Urban Development", September 10-16, 2006, Riverside, CA, are summarized. Tropospheric or ground-level ozone (O-3) is still the phytotoxic air pollutant of major interest. Challenging issues are how to make O-3 standards or critical levels more biologically based and at the same time practical for wide use; quantification of plant detoxification processes in flux modeling; inclusion of multiple environmental stresses in critical load determinations; new concept development for nitrogen saturation; interactions between air pollution, climate, and forest pests; effects of forest fire on air quality; the capacity of forests to sequester carbon under changing climatic conditions and coexposure to elevated levels of air pollutants; enhanced linkage between molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, and morphological traits. C1 CNR, Ist Prot Piante, I-50019 Florence, Italy. USDA Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Lithuanian Univ Agr, Forest Monitoring Lab, LT-4324 Kaunas, Lithuania. Linnaeambiente Ric Applicata Srl, I-50137 Florence, Italy. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8093 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Royal Forest Dept, Silvicultural Res Div, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol Ecophysiol Plants, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. USDA Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Fachgebiet Forstgenet, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. USDA Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5B7, Canada. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), CNR, Ist Prot Piante, Via Madonna Piano 10, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Innes, John/E-4355-2013; Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013; Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Innes, John/0000-0002-7076-1222; Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 2 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.52 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400001 PM 17450274 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Lefohn, AS AF Musselman, Robert C. Lefohn, Allen S. TI The use of critical levels for determining plant response to ozone in europe and in North America SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE AOT40; critical levels; detoxification; effective flux; flux; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; ozone; SUM06; W126 ID APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS; VEGETATION; EXPOSURE; COLORADO; STANDARD; AREAS; FLUX AB Critical levels to determine plant response to ozone (O-3) have been used in Europe since the 1980s, utilizing the concentration-based AOT40 to relate plant response to ambient O-3 exposure. More recently, there has been progress in Europe toward utilizing flux-based critical levels, because plant response is more closely related to O-3 uptake than to the amount of O-3 in ambient air. Flux-based critical levels are plant species specific; data for parameterization of flux-based critical levels models are lacking for most plant species. Although flux-based critical levels are now being used for a limited number of agricultural crops and tree species where data are available, the use of flux-based critical levels is limited by the lack of adequate consideration and incorporation of plant internal detoxification mechanisms in flux modeling. Critical levels have not been used in North America; however, recent interest in the U.S. and Canada for using critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur has generated interest in using critical levels for O-3. A major obstacle for utilization of critical levels in North America is that ambient air quality standards for O-3 in the U.S. and Canada are concentration based. It appears that cumulative exposure-based metrics, particularly when implemented with a quantification of peak concentrations and environmental variables, such as a drought index, are currently the most useful to relate O-3 to vegetation response. Because data are unavailable to quantify detoxification potential of vegetation, effective flux models are not available to determine plant response to O-3. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. ASL & Associates, Helena, MT USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM rmusselman@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.24 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400003 PM 17450276 ER PT J AU Tkacz, B Moody, B Castillo, JV AF Tkacz, Borys Moody, Ben Castillo, Jaime Villa TI Forest health status in North America SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE forest health monitoring; forest fires; forest pests; air pollution AB The forests of North America provide a variety of benefits including water, recreation, wildlife habitat, timber, and other forest products. However, they continue to face many biotic and abiotic stressors including fires, native and invasive pests, fragmentation, and air pollution. Forest health specialists have been monitoring the health of forests for many years. This paper highlights some of the most damaging forest stressors affecting North American forests in recent years and provides some projections of future risks. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA. Comis Nacl Forestal, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. Canadian Forest Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Tkacz, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA. EM btkacz@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.85 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400005 PM 17450278 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, M Schilling, S Fraczek, W Alexander, D Dawson, P AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael Schilling, Susan Fraczek, Witold Alexander, Diane Dawson, Philip TI Air pollution distribution patterns in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California: a 40-year perspective SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE ozone; nitric acid; ammonia; mixed conifer forest; anthropogenic pressure ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; OZONE; AMMONIA AB Since the mid-1950s, native pines in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) in southern California have shown symptoms of decline. Initial studies in 1963 showed that ozone (O-3) generated in the upwind Los Angeles Basin was responsible for the injury and decline of sensitive trees. Ambient O-3 decreased significantly by the mid-1990s, resulting in decreased O-3 injury and improved tree growth. Increased growth of trees may also be attributed to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Since most of the N deposition to mixed conifer forest stands in the SBM results from dry deposition of nitric acid vapor (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3), characterization of spatial and temporal distribution of these two pollutants has become essential. Although maximum daytime O-3 concentrations over last 40 years have significantly decreased (similar to 3-fold), seasonal means have been reduced much less (similar to 1.5-fold), with 2-week long means occasionally exceeding 100 ppb in the western part of the range. In the same area, significantly elevated concentrations of HNO3 and NH3, up to 17.5 and 18.5 mg/m(3) as 2-week averages, respectively, have been determined. Elevated levels of O-3 and increased N deposition together with long-term drought predispose the SBM forests to massive bark beetle attacks making them susceptible to catastrophic fires. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Hutchinson, Mark/G-4147-2014 OI Hutchinson, Mark/0000-0003-2154-5950 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.57 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400013 PM 17450286 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Paoletti, E Heath, RL AF Grulke, N. E. Paoletti, E. Heath, R. L. TI Chronic vs. short-term acute O-3 exposure effects on nocturnal transpiration in two Californian oaks SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE ozone exposure; nighttime transpiration; Quercus kelloggii; Quercus douglasii ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OZONE AB We tested the effect of daytime chronic moderate ozone (O-3) exposure, short-term acute exposure, and both chronic and acute O-3 exposure combined on nocturnal transpiration in California black oak and blue oak seedlings. Chronic O-3 exposure (70 ppb for 8 h/day) was implemented in open-top chambers for either 1 month (California black oak) or 2 months (blue oak). Acute O-3 exposure (similar to 1 h in duration during the day, 120-220 ppb) was implemented in a novel gas exchange system that supplied and maintained known O-3 concentrations to a leaf cuvette. When exposed to chronic daytime O-3 exposure, both oaks exhibited increased nocturnal transpiration (without concurrent O-3 exposure) relative to unexposed control leaves (1.8x and 1.6x, black and blue oak, respectively). Short-term acute and chronic O-3 exposure did not further increase nocturnal transpiration in either species. In blue oak previously unexposed to O-3, short-term acute O-3 exposure significantly enhanced nocturnal transpiration (2.0x) relative to leaves unexposed to O-3. California black oak was unresponsive to (only) short-term acute O-3 exposure. Daytime chronic and/or acute O-3 exposures can increase foliar water loss at night in deciduous oak seedlings. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. CNR, IPP, Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us RI Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.33 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400017 PM 17450290 ER PT J AU Wood, YA Fenn, M Meixner, T Shouse, PJ Breiner, J Allen, E Wu, LS AF Wood, Yvonne A. Fenn, Mark Meixner, Thomas Shouse, Peter J. Breiner, Joan Allen, Edith Wu, Laosheng TI Smog nitrogen and the rapid acidification of forest soil, San Bernardino Mountains, southern California SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE soil pH; nitrogen; soil hydrology; air pollution; forest soils; stone lines; geochemistry; landscape-atmosphere interactions ID DEPOSITION AB We report the rapid acidification of forest soils in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California. After 30 years, soil to a depth of 25 cm has decreased from a pH (measured in 0.01 M CaCl2) of 4.8 to 3.1. At the 50-cm depth, it has changed from a pH of 4.8 to 4.2. We attribute this rapid change in soil reactivity to very high rates of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen (N) added to the soil surface (72 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) from wet, dry, and fog deposition under a Mediterranean climate. Our research suggests that a soil textural discontinuity, related to a buried ancient landsurface, contributes to this rapid acidification by controlling the spatial and temporal movement of precipitation into the landsurface. As a result, the depth to which dissolved anthropogenic N as nitrate (NO3) is leached early in the winter wet season is limited to within the top similar to 130 cm of soil where it accumulates and increases soil acidity. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wood, YA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM yvonne.wood@ucr.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.74 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400022 PM 17450295 ER PT J AU Breiner, J Gimeno, BS Fenn, M AF Breiner, Joan Gimeno, Benjamin S. Fenn, Mark TI Calculation of theoretical and empirical nutrient N critical loads in the mixed conifer ecosystems of southern California SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE critical loads; nitrogen leaching; Mediterranean ecosystems; simple mass balance; soil acidification ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MEDITERRANEAN CATCHMENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT; SATURATION; FUTURE; OZONE; PINE AB Edaphic, foliar, and hydrologic forest nutrient status indicators from 15 mixed conifer forest stands in the Sierra Nevada, San Gabriel Mountains, and San Bernardino National Forest were used to estimate empirical or theoretical critical loads (CL) for nitrogen (N) as a nutrient. Soil acidification response to N deposition was also evaluated. Robust empirical relationships were found relating N deposition to plant N uptake (N in foliage), N fertility (litter C/N ratio), and soil acidification. However, no consistent empirical CL were obtained when the thresholds for parameters indicative of N excess from other types of ecosystems were used. Similarly, the highest theoretical CL for nutrient N calculated using the simple mass balance steady state model (estimates ranging from 1.4-8.8 kg N/ha/year) was approximately two times lower than the empirical observations. Further research is needed to derive the thresholds for indicators associated with the impairment of these mixed conifer forests exposed to chronic N deposition within a Mediterranean climate. Further development or parameterization of models for the calculation of theoretical critical loads suitable for these ecosystems will also be an important aspect of future critical loads research. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Fenn, M (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.65 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400025 PM 17450298 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, C Bytnerowicz, A Auman, J Cisneros, R AF Hunsaker, Carolyn Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Auman, Jessica Cisneros, Ricardo TI Air pollution and watershed research in the central Sierra Nevada of California: Nitrogen and ozone SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE air quality; water quality; Sierra Nevada; ozone; nitrogen ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DRY DEPOSITION; MOUNTAINS; FORESTS AB Maintaining healthy forests is the major objective for the Forest Service scientists and managers working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Air pollution, specifically ozone (O-3) and nitrogenous (N) air pollutants, may severely affect the health of forest ecosystems in the western U.S. Thus, the monitoring of air pollution concentration and deposition levels, as well as studies focused on understanding effects mechanisms, are essential for evaluation of risks associated with their presence. Such information is essential for development of proper management strategies for maintaining clean air, clean water, and healthy ecosystems on land managed by the Forest Service. We report on two years of research in the central Sierra Nevada of California, a semi-arid forest at elevations of 1100-2700 m. Information on O-3 and N air pollutants is obtained from a network of 18 passive samplers. We relate the atmospheric N concentration to N concentrations in streams, shallow soil water, and bulk deposition collectors within the Kings River Experimental Watershed. This watershed also contains an intensive site that is part of a recent Forest Service effort to calculate critical loads for N, sulfur, and acidity to forest ecosystems. The passive sampler design allows for extensive spatial measurements while the watershed experiment provides intensive spatial data for future analysis of ecosystem processes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Hunsaker, C (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM chunsaker@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 206 EP 221 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.82 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400026 PM 17450299 ER PT J AU Darbah, JNT Kubiske, ME Nelson, N Oksanen, E Vaapavuori, E Karnosky, DF AF Darbah, Joseph N. T. Kubiske, Mark E. Nelson, Neil Oksanen, Elina Vaapavuori, Elina Karnosky, David F. TI Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3 on paper birch (Betula papyrifera): Reproductive fitness SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE seed production and germination; paper birch; flowering; elevated CO2 and O-3 ID TROPOSPHERIC O-3; OZONE; RESPONSES; FORESTS; PLANTS; ASPEN AB Atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 are rising in many regions of the world. Little is known about how these two commonly co-occurring gases will affect reproductive fitness of important forest tree species. Here, we report on the long-term effects of CO2 and O-3 for paper birch seedlings exposed for nearly their entire life history at the Aspen FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) site in Rhinelander, WI. Elevated CO2 increased both male and female flower production, while elevated O-3 increased female flower production compared to trees in control rings. Interestingly, very little flowering has yet occurred in combined treatment. Elevated CO2 had significant positive effect on birch catkin size, weight, and germination success rate (elevated CO2 increased germination rate of birch by 110% compared to ambient CO2 concentrations, decreased seedling mortality by 73%, increased seed weight by 17%, increased root length by 59%, and root-to-shoot ratio was significantly decreased, all at 3 weeks after germination), while the opposite was true of elevated O-3 (elevated O-3 decreased the germination rate of birch by 62%, decreased seed weight by 25%, and increased root length by 15%). Under elevated CO2, plant dry mass increased by 9 and 78% at the end of 3 and 14 weeks, respectively. Also, the root and shoot lengths, as well as the biomass of the seedlings, were increased for seeds produced under elevated CO2, while the reverse was true for seedlings from seeds produced under the elevated O-3. Similar trends in treatment differences were observed in seed characteristics, germination, and seedling development for seeds collected in both 2004 and 2005. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 and O-3 can dramatically affect flowering, seed production, and seed quality of paper birch, affecting reproductive fitness of this species. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. Univ Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki, Finland. RP Darbah, JNT (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jndarbah@mtu.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.42 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400029 PM 17450302 ER PT J AU Allen, EB Temple, PJ Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Sirulnik, AG Rao, LE AF Allen, Edith B. Temple, Patrick J. Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Arbaugh, Michael J. Sirulnik, Abby G. Rao, Leela E. TI Patterns of understory diversity in mixed coniferous forests of southern California impacted by air pollution SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems CY SEP 10-16, 2006 CL Riverside, CA DE nitrogen deposition and loss of plant species richness; ozone impacts on herbaceous plants; long-term changes in plant species richness; southern California mixed coniferous forest ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PONDEROSA PINE; PLANTS; OZONE; FERTILIZATION; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; BIOMASS AB The forests of the San Bernardino Mountains have been subject to ozone and nitrogen (N) deposition for some 60 years. Much work has been done to assess the impacts of these pollutants on trees, but little is known about how the diverse understory flora has fared. Understory vegetation has declined in diversity in response to elevated N in the eastern U.S. and Europe. Six sites along an ozone and N deposition gradient that had been part of a long-term study on response of plants to air pollution beginning in 1973 were resampled in 2003. Historic ozone data and leaf injury scores confirmed the gradient. Present-day ozone levels were almost half of these, and recent atmospheric N pollution concentrations confirmed the continued air pollution gradient. Both total and extractable soil N were higher in sites on the western end of the gradient closer to the urban source of pollution, pH was lower, and soil carbon (C) and litter were higher. The gradient also had decreasing precipitation and increasing elevation from west to east. However, the dominant tree species were the same across the gradient. Tree basal area increased during the 30-year interval in five of the sites. The two westernmost sites had 30-45% cover divided equally between native and exotic understory herbaceous species, while the other sites had only 3-13% cover dominated by native species. The high production is likely related to higher precipitation at the western sites as well as elevated N. The species richness was in the range of 24 to 30 in four of the sites, but one site of intermediate N deposition had 42 species, while the easternmost, least polluted site had 57 species. These were primarily native species, as no site had more than one to three exotic species. In three of six sites, 20-40% of species were lost between 1973 and 2003, including the two westernmost sites. Two sites with intermediate pollution had little change in total species number over 30 years, and the easternmost site had more species in 2003. The easternmost site is also the driest and has the most sunlight filtering to the forest floor, possibly accounting for the higher species richness. The confounding effects of the precipitation gradient and possibly local disturbances do not show a simple correlation of air pollution with patterns of native and invasive species cover and richness. Nevertheless, the decline of native species and dominance by exotic species in the two westernmost polluted sites is cause for concern that air pollution is affecting the understory vegetation adversely. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Allen, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM edith.allen@ucr.edu; ptemple@fs.fed.us; abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us; marbaugh@fs.fed.us; abbysirulnik@verizon.net; lrao001@student.ucr.edu RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 22 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.72 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 149WU UT WOS:000245178400030 PM 17450303 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Hughs, SE Armijo, C Baker, K McAlister, DD AF Chun, D. T. W. Hughs, S. E. Armijo, C. Baker, K. McAlister, D. D. TI A study of bale moisture addition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; dyeing; fiber properties; lint slide; moisture restoration; yarn properties AB The study of the addition of water to cotton at ginning dates back to the early 1950s. Since that time, technologies have changed, allowing for more control and higher volumes of water to be added to cotton at the lint slide than ever before. The objective of this study was to determine an acceptable bale moisture range within which fiber quality, yarn quality, and dyed fabric quality degradation can safely be avoided after six months of bale storage. Approximately 22.7 kg (50 lbs) of cotton were sampled from each of the three bales for each of the four moisture treatments after six months in storage. In addition to the HVI fiber properties, additional testing of the fibers was performed on the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), as well as a microbial assay to determine any microbial damage to the cotton during storage. The resulting 20/1 open-end spun yarns were subjected to typical yarn quality measurements (C.V., defects, strength, and elongation) and then circular-knit into panels so that yarn from each treatment was butt-knit to more easily observe color or shade change. HVI data indicated that the moisture treatment levels and storage period had an adverse impact on color Rd and +b with increasing amounts of water added at the lint slide. Although microbial data were collected, the data did not indicate any significant activity during the six months of storage. As for yarn quality, it appears that 9.1 kg (20 lbs) or more of water added to bales of cotton at the lint slide resulted in significant as well as practical reductions in yarn quality. With respect to the six-month storage period and the treatments used in this study, although there were color changes to the cotton fiber, there appeared to be no impact on the bleached and dyed fabric. Additionally, it appears that the point of diminishing return for adding moisture to cotton at the lint slide lies between 6% and 8.5%. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC USA. Uster Technol Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Hughs, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM shughs@nmsu.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900001 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Arriaga, FJ AF Raper, R. L. Arriaga, F. J. TI Comparing peak and residual soil pressures measured by pressure bulbs and stress-state transducers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Engineers CY 2005 CL St Joseph, MI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE dynamic load; soil compaction; soil pressures; soil stress; transducer ID COMPACTION; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Measurement of soil compaction caused by vehicle loading is difficult and often subject to extreme variability. Two types of soil transducers were compared in an experiment conducted in a Norfolk sandy loam soil in the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory's (NSDL) soil bin facilities. Stress-state transducers (SSTs), electronic transducers developed at the NSDL for measuring six directional pressures and determining the stress state, were used for this experiment. Rubber bulbs connected by a rubber hose to a dial pressure gauge, which measure hydrostatic pressure, were also used in this experiment. Both transducers were buried at depths of 7.5, 15, or 23 cm and were used to measure soil pressures caused by a 30.5L-32 tire with dynamic loads of 19 or 37 kN. The SSTs were buried by inserting them into an excavated hole, while the rubber bulbs were inserted with a special tool designed to leave the soil surface and surrounding soil undisturbed. Peak values of mean normal stress (calculated from measurements of pressure) from the SSTs and hydrostatic pressure measured with the rubber bulbs were found to be affected by both loading and burial depth. Similar magnitudes and variation were observed for each transducer. Residual pressure, defined as the pressure remaining after loading was removed, was found to be affected by both loading and burial depth when measured with the rubber bulbs. Continued development and testing of the rubber bulb transducers could provide a simple method of determining levels of compaction that could damage soils and thus prevent excessive trafficking. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@au-burn.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900003 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Adsit, GS Binversie, BN Digman, MF Muck, RE Weimer, PJ AF Shinners, K. J. Adsit, G. S. Binversie, B. N. Digman, M. F. Muck, R. E. Weimer, P. J. TI Single-pass, split-stream harvest of corn grain and stover SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY NOV 09-12, 2005 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison DE biomass; biomass collection; biomass harvest; corn grain; corn stover; density; particle size ID CROP RESIDUES AB A grain combine was equipped with a whole plant corn head and modified to produce single pass, whole-plant corn harvesting with two crop streams: grain and stover. Capture of potential stover DM varied from 48% to 89% for leaves, from 49% to 92% for stalks, and was greater than 90% for husks and cobs, depending on corn head height. Stover aggregate moisture varied between 36% and 50% (w.b.),and area capacity ranged between 1.6 and 2.6 ha h(-1), depending on corn head height. Whole plant harvesting reduced area capacity by nearly 50% compared to harvesting with a conventional ear-snapping head. Single pass stover had an average particle size of 69 mm and bulk densities of 51 and 110 kg DM m(-3) in the wagon and bag silo, respectively. Estimated ethanol yield ranged between 2600 and 3945 L ha(-1), depending on corn head height. Fermentation of single pass stover in a bag silo was adequate, with average losses of 6% of total DM. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 355 EP 363 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900005 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Hummel, JW Sudduth, KA Birrell, SJ AF Kim, H. J. Hummel, J. W. Sudduth, K. A. Birrell, S. J. TI Evaluation of phosphate ion-selective membranes and cobalt-based electrodes for soil nutrient sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Engineers CY 2005 CL St Joseph, MI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE cobalt electrode; ion-selective electrode; ion-selective membranes; ISE; Kelowna extractant; phosphate; selectivity; sensitivity; soil extractant; soil testing ID MULTIPLE-ELEMENT EXTRACTANT; SENSITIVE ELECTRODE; CALCAREOUS SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; IONOPHORE; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; CARRIER; ACID AB A real-time soil nutrient sensor would allow efficient collection of data with a fine spatial resolution to accurately characterize within field variability for site-specific nutrient application. Ion-selective electrodes are promising candidates because they have rapid response, directly measure the analyte, and are small and portable. Our goal was to investigate the ability of three different phosphate ion-selective electrodes (two fabricated with organotin compound-based PVC membranes, and one fabricated from a cobalt rod) used in conjunction with Kelowna soil extractant to determine phosphorus over the typical range of soil concentrations. Electrodes using organotin compound-based PVC membranes containing bis(p-chlorobenzyl)tin dichloride as an ionophore exhibited sensitive responses to HPO42- over a range of 10(-4) to 10(-1) mol/L in Tris buffer at pH 7. They were nearly insensitive to phosphate when using Kelowna soil extractant as the base solution, perhaps because of the high concentration of fluoride (0.015 mol/L) in the Kelowna solution. In addition, the life of the membranes was less than 14 days. Electrodes using another tin-compound-based PVC membrane containing tributyltin chloride as an ionophore also provided unsatisfactory results, showing much less sensitivity to H2PO4- than previously reported. The cobalt rod-based electrodes exhibited sensitive responses to H2PO4- over a range from 10(-5) to 10(-1) mol/L total phosphate concentration with a detection limit of 10(-5) mol/L in the Kelowna solution. This detection range would encompass the typical range of soil phosphorus concentrations measured in agricultural fields. The selectivity of the cobalt electrodes was satisfactory for measuring phosphates in the presence of each of six interfering ions, i.e., HCO3-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, Ac-, and F-, with the electrodes being 47 to 1072 times more responsive to phosphate than to the tested interfering ions. C1 Natl Inst Agr Engn, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441744, South Korea. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Agr Engn, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441744, South Korea. EM kimhj69@rda.go.kr RI Lawal, Abdulazeez/F-7371-2010 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 415 EP 425 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900012 ER PT J AU Fernandez, G Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM AF Fernandez, G. Chescheir, G. M. Skaggs, R. W. Amatya, D. M. TI Application of DRAINMOD-GIS to a lower coastal plain watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE drainage; DRAINMOD; nonpoint-source pollution; water quality; watershed-scale model ID NITROGEN; MODEL; LOSSES; DESIGN AB This article reports a case study for applying DRAINMOD-GIS, a DRAINMOD-based lumped parameter watershed model, to Chicod Creek watershed, a 11100 ha coastal plain watershed in North Carolina that is not intensively instrumented or documented. The study utilized the current database of land use, topography, stream network, soil, and weather data available to state and federal agencies. Methods for collecting, evaluating, and formatting watershed data for model input are described. The study demonstrated that the lumped parameter model may be used to characterize the hydrology and water quality of Chicod Creek. Hydrology predictions were within 5% of the measured data. Predicted mean monthly nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loads compared well with the measured data. Mean annual delivery ratios of each field ranged from 81% to 99% with a watershed mean of 90%. Application of the model to evaluate the effects of changing land use is presented. C1 Appl Technol & Management Inc, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Fernandez, G (reprint author), Appl Technol & Management Inc, 2770 NW 43St,Suite B, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. EM gfernandez@appliedtm.com NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900014 ER PT J AU Baker, BJ King, KW Torbert, HA AF Baker, B. J. King, K. W. Torbert, H. A. TI Runoff losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus from organic fertilizer applied to sod SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE animal waste; composted dairy manure; grass; poultry litter; runoff; slow release ID POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; SURFACE RUNOFF; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SOILS; MANURE; TURFGRASS; PASTURE; ISSUES; PLOTS AB Fertilizers are often applied according to nitrogen requirement; however, recent evidence suggests that phosphorus (P) may pose as much, if not more, of an environmental threat. The objective of this research was to quantify the differences in phosphate phosphorus losses in runoff from two organic fertilizers (poultry litter and composted dairy manure) and one inorganic fertilizer control, applied at a uniform nitrogen rate (187.3 kg ha(-1)). The P concentration in the poultry litter (PL) was 2.5%, while the P concentration in the composted dairy manure (CDM) was 0.5%. The fertilizers were applied to run-over troughs filled with Austin clay soil planted with Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.). Water dispersion devices supplied runoff at a rate equivalent to 125 mm h(-1). Runoff was simulated for 30 min every 7 days for a period of 10 weeks. Runoff was analyzed for quantity and PO4-P concentration. Results from the PO4-P concentration and load data show that PL had greater loss during the first runoff event, while CDM did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) from the control. This pattern continued for the first 4 weeks, but during the following weeks none of the treatments showed a difference. Comparison of cumulative losses over the 10 weeks showed that PL lost a larger proportion of its initial P application than did CDM. Composted dairy manure did not have a greater cumulative loss compared to the control. Poultry litter with its high initial P concentration lost a disproportionately larger amount of PO4-P in runoff compared to CDM with its low initial P concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Baker, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM baker.306@osu.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 449 EP 454 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900015 ER PT J AU von Stackelberg, NO Chescheir, GM Skaggs, RW Amatya, DM AF von Stackelberg, N. O. Chescheir, G. M. Skaggs, R. W. Amatya, D. M. TI Simulation of the hydrologic effects of afforestation in the Tacuarembo River basin, Uruguay SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE afforestation; hydrologic modeling; hydrology; loblolly pine; SWAT; Uruguay ID IMPACT; SCALE; MODEL; SWAT AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the hydrology of two small paired catchments in northern Uruguay. The control and treatment catchments (69 and 108 ha, respectively) were monitored for a three-year pretreatment period during which the land use was grassland with livestock grazing. Subsequently, the treatment catchment was planted (57% afforested) with loblolly pine (Pious taeda). The objectives of the modeling study were to simulate the hydrologic response of the two catchments during the pretreatment period and predict the hydrologic effects of converting the native pasture to pine plantation. SWAT models of the two catchments were calibrated and validated using data measured during the pretreatment period. The model predicted outflows from the catchments reasonably well as compared to observed outflows during the years with above average rainfall (5% to -13% error). Model efficiency (E) for daily outflow volumes was greater than 0.71, indicating a good fit between simulated and observed results. A 33-year continuous simulation was performed on three land uses: grassland with livestock grazing, grassland without grazing, and pine treatment. The conversion of the catchments from the baseline pasture condition with grazing resulted in a predicted reduction in average annual water yield from the catchments of 15% for native grassland without grazing, and 23% for pine trees. A maximum predicted hydrologic effect was estimated by maximizing the model parameter that increases the ability of pine trees to withdraw water from the ground. For this condition, the model predicted a 30% reduction in mean annual water yield from the afforested catchment. C1 Stantec Consulting, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP von Stackelberg, NO (reprint author), Stantec Consulting, 3995 South 700 East,Suite 300, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA. EM nicholas.vonstackelberg@stantec.com NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 455 EP 468 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900016 ER PT J AU Jha, MK Gassman, PW Arnold, JG AF Jha, M. K. Gassman, P. W. Arnold, J. G. TI Water quality modeling for the Raccoon River watershed using SWAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE calibration; management practices; modeling; nutrients; Raccoon River watershed; SWAT; water quality ID IOWA; BASEFLOW; LOADS; SCENARIOS; SEDIMENT; EXPORT; TEXAS; USA AB The Raccoon River watershed (RRW) in west-central Iowa has been recognized as exporting some of the highest nitrate-nitrogen loadings in the U.S. and is a major source of sediment and other nutrient loadings. An integrated modeling framework has been constructed for the 9,400 km(2) RRW that consists of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, the interactive SWAT (i_SWAT) software package, the Load Estimator (LOADEST) computer program, and other supporting software and databases. The simulation framework includes detailed land use and management data, such as different crop rotations, and an array of nutrient and tillage management schemes, derived from the USDA National Resources Inventory (NRI) databases and other sources. This article presents the calibration and validation of SWAT for the streamflow, sediment losses, and nutrient loadings in the watershed, and an assessment of land use and management practice shifts in controlling pollution. Streamflow, sediment yield, and nitrate loadings were calibrated for the period 1981-1992 and validated for the period 1993-2003. Limited field data on organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, and mineral phosphorus allowed model validation for the period 2001-2003. Model predictions generally performed very well on both an annual and monthly basis during the calibration and validation periods, as indicated by R-2 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E) values that exceeded 0.7 in most cases. A set of land use change scenarios depicting conversion of cropland into land set-aside resulted in large reductions of sediment yield at the watershed outlet. A second scenario set found that reductions in nutrient applications of 10% to 20% resulted in similar predicted percentage reductions in nitrate loadings at the watershed outlet and in corresponding corn yield reductions of 3% to 6%. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Jha, MK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Agr & Rural Dev, 560 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM manoj@iastate.edu NR 72 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 479 EP 493 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900018 ER PT J AU DeTar, WR Penner, JV AF DeTar, W. R. Penner, J. V. TI Airborne remote sensing used to estimate percent canopy cover and to extract canopy temperature from scene temperature in cotton SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE analysis of covariance; band selection; multiple regression; plant water stress; vegetation indices ID CROP WATER-STRESS; VEGETATION INDEXES; NARROW-BAND; WHEAT AB The goal of this research was to separate the soil and plant temperatures and create an image map of plant water stress. Data from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and thermal infrared (TIR) sensors were collected using an airborne platform over three seasons, involving three different varieties of Acala cotton, four different fields, and a total of ten flights. The first step was to measure the percent canopy cover, which ranged from 30% to 100%. Using linear multiple regression, percent canopy cover, measured manually in the field, was found to be closely related to several new vegetation indices, taken from among 60 narrow bands in the wavelength range of 429 to 1010 nm. The highest coefficient of determination (r(2)) for a three parameter hyperspectral model was 0.931, and it included the wavelengths 676, 753, and 773 nm. A two parameter model using 676 and 966 nm worked especially well. A weighted version of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was found to relate well to percent canopy cover, but not quite as well as some non-normalized band combinations. Using the two parameter model, the percent canopy cover was calculated for every part of two experimental fields that had originally been set up to compare the yields from water-stressed versus unstressed treatments. The mean value for scene temperature for each plot was plotted against the mean value of percent canopy cover for each plot. Using analysis of covariance, the scene temperatures were projected to what they would be at 100% canopy. The procedure showed that the canopy for the water-stressed treatment had a significantly higher temperature than the unstressed control, which means that it was indeed stressed. Using analysis of covariance, the green-red difference was found to be an indicator of both percent canopy cover and plant water stress. An image map was produced showing the canopy temperature at every pixel in the field, with a spatial resolution of about 1.0 m. The main finding was that the plant water stress in Acala cotton could be detected with airborne remote sensing under the conditions of partial canopy over a dry soil surface. These results should be useful in selecting filters for multispectral cameras and for selecting the wavebands for HSI sensors when attempting to measure degree of vegetative cover. A straightforward method is presented for separating canopy temperature from soil temperature, and a procedure is given for producing a detailed map of canopy temperature in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP DeTar, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM wrdetar@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 495 EP 506 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900019 ER PT J AU Moore, AD McLaughlin, RA Mitasova, H Line, DE AF Moore, A. D. McLaughlin, R. A. Mitasova, H. Line, D. E. TI Calibrating WEPP model parameters for erosion prediction on construction sites SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE calibration; construction; erosion; GeoWEPP; GIS; runoff; sediment; watershed; WEPP ID AMPT CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS; WATER EROSION; HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION; RUNOFF PREDICTION; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; SOIL-EROSION; SHORT-TERM; STREAM; URBAN; ERODIBILITY AB Soil erosion on construction sites can be many times greater than on agricultural fields, yet there has been little modeling done for construction conditions. The objective of our study was to calibrate management and soil parameters in the agriculturally based model Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) for construction and post-construction site conditions. Data from a 4 ha watershed at various stages of construction in Wake County, North Carolina, were used to compare model results with measured runoff volume and sediment yields. Model simulations were performed in GeoWEPP, a geospatial interface designed for WEPP that operates within ArcView GIS. Model parameters were adjusted from WEPP default parameters as supported by the literature and site observations. Predicted values were regressed against field data for Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), with NSE > 0.50 regarded as satisfactory performance. We were able to generate runoff and sediment yields comparable to observed values by replacing soil surface properties with subsoil properties, in conjunction with the cutslope management parameter file in WEPP. We found a similar agreement between predicted and observed values for stabilized conditions by increasing critical shear stress from 0.3 to 10 Pa for the soil input layer. In addition, changes to the model source code to reduce the lower limit of effective hydraulic conductivity (Kef) for impermeable surfaces resulted in improved runoff NSE, but consequently increased sediment yield on areas with higher Kef values. WEPP has great potential for modeling applications on construction sites; however, more validation studies are needed to confirm and expand upon our findings. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Moore, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM amoore@pars.ars.us-da.gov OI Mitasova, Helena/0000-0002-6906-3398 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 507 EP 516 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900020 ER PT J AU Grace, JM Skaggs, RW Cassel, DK AF Grace, J. M., III Skaggs, R. W. Cassel, D. K. TI Influence of thinning loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on hydraulic properties of an organic soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Trauma and Autobiography CY DEC 02, 2005 CL NYU, New York, NY HO NYU DE bulk density; compaction; drainage; forest operations; soil properties; thinning AB The impact of forest operations on soil properties has been a concern in forest management over the past 30 years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of forest thinning operations on soil hydraulic properties of a shallow organic (Belhaven series) soil in the Tidewater region of North Carolina. Soil physical properties were evaluated in a nested design by collecting soil cores from an unthinned control and following a 40 ha fifth-row thinning with selection performed on a 14-year-old loblolly pine plantation in April 2001. Thinning decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity and drained volumes for a given water table depth; however, changes in bulk density were not detected. Saturated hydraulic conductivity determined by the constant head method before thinning was 100 cm h(-1). Thinning resulted in a 3-fold decrease (from 100 to 32 cm h 1) in saturated hydraulic conductivity. The thinned watershed had less drainage at low pressures and greater retained water contents under increased soil water tensions in comparison with the control. Drained volume on the thinned watershed for a water table depth of 200 cm under drained to equilibrium conditions was reduced by 60% in comparison to drained volume for the control watershed. The reductions in k(sat), drained volumes, and drainable porosity will likely result in shallower water tables and increased runoff for the thinned watershed. C1 Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jmgrace@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900021 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, GJ Fox, GA Ma, L Malone, RW Arthur, EL Dyer, DG AF Sabbagh, G. J. Fox, G. A. Ma, L. Malone, R. W. Arthur, E. L. Dyer, D. G. TI Modeling pesticide fate and nonideal transport from seeds treated with a slow-release pesticide in a laboratory soil column SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE kinetic sorption; leaching; pesticide-treated seed; Root Zone Water Quality Model; RZWQM; seed treatment ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; CONSERVATIVE TRACER; EQUILIBRIUM; SORPTION; DISSIPATION; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; ACETOCHLOR; KINETICS; RZWQM AB This research evaluated the predictive ability of a pesticide fate and transport model to simulate the potential for pesticide leaching from slow-release insecticide-treated corn seeds. No studies in the literature report model evaluation for pesticide-treated seeds. The column studies consisted of ten 60 cm soil columns of silt loam soil, each planted with one corn seed treated with the active ingredient of an experimental pesticide. The columns were modeled using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), which is capable of simulating slow-release, instantaneous equilibrium (IE) and equilibrium kinetic (EK) sorption, and irreversible binding. The model was calibrated for hydrology (i.e., leachate from the bottom of the soil columns), crop growth, and total pesticide in the soil profile. Measured concentrations were compared to model predictions for IE and EK sorption scenarios across a range of sorption parameters derived from batch and time-dependent sorption studies. Modeling scenarios failed to predict the observed pesticide confinement (70% of applied pesticide) to primarily the upper 15 cm of the soil profile, with 1% to 20% of applied in the upper 15 cm for IE sorption and 3% to 18% of applied for EK sorption at the end of the simulation period. Both IE and EK sorption scenarios failed to predict pesticide in leachate (observed cumulative of 0.12% of applied) unless using minimum IE and EK sorption parameters. Model deviations from observations were hypothesized to be due to the model representing a theoretical two-dimensional process in one-dimension and the potential for preferential flow paths formed by root formation. Long-term (i.e., 20-year) simulations suggested that significant differences (i.e., average of 8% compared to less than 1% cumulative leaching) arise between IE and EK sorption after several plantings of the pesticide-treated seed. The error in assuming IE sorption for an EK sorption process is negligible over the short term but increases with subsequent chemical applications over the long term. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Bayer CropSci, Div Environm Res, Stilwell, KS USA. Bayer CropSci, Div Environm Res, Exposure & Risk Assessment Grp, Stilwell, KS USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 523 EP 532 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900022 ER PT J AU Toor, GS Haggard, BE Reiter, MS Daniel, TC Donoghue, AM AF Toor, G. S. Haggard, B. E. Reiter, M. S. Daniel, T. C. Donoghue, A. M. TI Phosphorus solubility in poultry litters and granulates: Influence of litter treatments and extraction ratios SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE granulation; poultry litter; water-extractable P; water-extractable Al; Cu; Fe; Mg; Zn ID WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; BROILER LITTER; RUNOFF; MANURE; SOIL; FRESH; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN AB Phosphorus (P) loss from soils receiving manure has been strongly correlated to the water-extractable P (WEP) applied in the manure. Our main objective in this study was to assess the effects of different treatments (granulation alone and with urea, urea plus dicyandiamide, or hydrolyzed feathermeal) on WEP of poultry litter. We obtained poultry litters from two poultry farms located in the northwest Arkansas, and the selected litters were granulated in commercial granulating plants. During granulation, urea, urea plus dicyandiamide, and hydrolyzed feathermeal were added to poultry litters, which increased the total N:P ratio of litters up to 8.51. Results showed that granulated litters had greater amounts of WEP than raw and ground litters when measured at lower extraction ratio (<1:100). However, the WEP was similar for all litters (raw, ground, heated, granulated) at 1:200 or 1:250 extraction ratios. This suggests that granulation of poultry litter does not influence the total amount of WEP in poultry litters. The extraction ratio had the greatest effect on WEP in the litter, while filter paper and method of P determination had minor effects on litter WEP. Of all water-extractable elements, Mg was most strongly correlated (R-2 >= 0.75) with P in these poultry litters and granulates, suggesting that Mg-P minerals might control aqueous P concentrations in litter extracts. Based on these results, we recommend that WEP in poultry litter should be determined by using a 1:200 extraction ratio, followed by the use of Whatman No. 40 or 0.45 mu m filters, and the filtrates can be preferably analyzed using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). In conclusion, this study shows that (1) granulation of poultry litter does not increase WEP of the poultry litter as given by 1:200 or 1:250 extraction ratios, and (2) addition of urea during granulation made the poultry litter a balanced fertilizer (N:P = 8:1) compared with raw litter (N:P = 1.35:1), which would help decrease P surpluses in intensive animal production areas when litters are land applied. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Toor, GS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM gurpal@uark.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 533 EP 542 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900023 ER PT J AU Moriasi, DN Fouss, JL Bengtson, RL AF Moriasi, D. N. Fouss, J. L. Bengtson, R. L. TI Modeling the effects of deep chiseling with DRAINMOD for alluvial soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE drainage; infiltration; maximum surface depressional storage; modeling; surface runoff; vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity ID DEPRESSIONAL STORAGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; INFILTRATION; SURFACE; RAINFALL; SYSTEMS; WATER; RUNOFF; VALIDATION AB DRAINMOD is a drainage model that has been widely used in the shallow water table regions of the U.S., including the southeastern U.S. Therefore, it is important that DRAINMOD realistically simulate the water balance components for alluvial soils that are prone to surface seal formation, which are the predominant soils in much of the southeastern U.S. In this study, DRAINMOD 5.1 was modified to address the problems associated with the assumption of constant vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-S) and constant maximum surface depressional storage (STMAX) for these alluvial soils. The first objective was to modify DRAINMOD 5.1 to incorporate the effects of deep chiseling (K-S and STMAX vary) in order to improve its prediction of infiltration and surface runoff. The second objective was to evaluate the modified DRAINMOD models with dynamic K-S and STMAX subroutines (DRAINMOD-K-S, DRAINMOD-STMAX, and the combined DRAINMOD-K-S-STMAX), using two years (Sept. 1995 to Nov. 1996 and Nov. 1996 to Nov. 1997 when deep chiseling was carried out) of measured surface runoff data from the USDA-ARS Ben Hur research site. Simulations by DRAINMOD 5.1 were compared with those by DRAINMOD-K-S, DRAINMOD-STMAX, and DRAINMOD-K-S-STMAX to further determine the effect of the modifications on surface runoff and infiltration predictions. In general, DRAINMOD-STMAX, DRAINMOD-K-S, and DRAINMOD-K-S-STMAX improved surface runoff prediction by 57%, 73%, and 82%, respectively, in the 1995-1996 season and by 27%, 45%, and 62%, respectively, in the 1996-1997 season. C1 USDA ARS, Grazelands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Moriasi, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazelands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM dmo-riasi@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 543 EP 556 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900024 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C. Everitt, J. H. Bradford, J. M. TI Using multispectral imagery and linear spectral unmixing techniques for estimating crop yield variability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Engineers CY 2005 CL St Joseph, MI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE abundance; endmember; linear spectral unmixing; multispectral imagery; vegetation index; yield monitor; yield variability ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; VEGETATION; GROWTH; COTTON AB Vegetation indices derived from multispectral imagery are commonly used to extract crop growth and yield information. Spectral unmixing techniques provide an alternative approach to quantifying crop canopy abundance within each image pixel and have the potential for mapping crop yield variability. The objective of this study was to apply linear spectral unmixing techniques to airborne multispectral imagery for estimating grain sorghum yield variability. Five time-sequential airborne multispectral images and yield monitor data collected from a grain sorghum field were used for this study. Both unconstrained and constrained linear spectral unmixing models were applied to the images to generate crop plant and soil abundances for each image and for all 26 multi-image combinations of the five images. Yield was related to unconstrained and constrained plant and soil abundances as well as to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green NDVI (GNDVI). Results showed that unconstrained plant abundance had better correlations with yield than NDVI for all five images, but GNDVI had better correlations with yield for the first three images. Unconstrained plant abundance derived from the fourth image provided the best overall correlation with yield (r = 0.88). Moreover, multi-image combinations generally improved the correlations with yield over single images, and the best three-image combination resulted in the highest overall correlation (r = 0.90) between yield and unconstrained plant abundance. These results indicate that linear spectral unmixing techniques can be a useful tool for quantifying crop canopy abundance and mapping crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 667 EP 674 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 192XT UT WOS:000248237900038 ER PT J AU Van Bloem, SJ Murphy, PG Lugo, AE AF Van Bloem, Skip J. Murphy, Peter G. Lugo, Ariel E. TI A link between hurricane-induced tree sprouting, high stem density and short canopy in tropical dry forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiological, Biomechanical and Allometric Constraints on Tree Height CY JUL 10-17, 2005 CL Univ Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY HO Univ Leipzig DE disturbance; forest structure; growth; Guanica Forest; Puerto Rico; regeneration; stem mortality; wind ID MECHANICAL PERTURBATION; EVERGREEN FOREST; RAIN-FORESTS; PUERTO-RICO; GROWTH; THIGMOMORPHOGENESIS; RECOVERY; ECOLOGY; HEIGHT; TURGOR AB The physiognomy of Caribbean dry forest is shorter, denser and contains a greater proportion of multi-stemmed trees than other neotropical dry forests. Our previous research, conducted after Hurricane Georges in 1998, has shown that dry forest trees sprout near the base following hurricane disturbance, even if the trees have not incurred structural damage. However, for these hurricane-induced sprouts to contribute to the physiognomy of the forest, they must grow and survive. We followed sprout dynamics and stem mortality on 1,407 stems from 1998, after Hurricane Georges, until 2005. The number of surviving sprouts and the proportion of sprouting stems decreased during the 7-year period, but the sprouting rate was still 3-fold higher and the proportion of sprouting stems 5-fold higher than before the hurricane. Mortality of non-sprouting stems (15.4%) was about the same as for sprouting stems (13.9%) after 7 years. The mean length of the dominant sprout surpassed 1.6 m by 2005, with over 13% of the dominant sprouts reaching subcanopy height. Sprout growth and survival varied among species. These results demonstrate that, despite some thinning, hurricane-induced sprouts survive and grow and that the unique physiognomic characteristic of Caribbean dry forests is related to hurricane disturbance. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Van Bloem, SJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM svanbloem@uprm.edu RI Van Bloem, Skip/A-5109-2010; Van Bloem, Skip/C-5315-2016 OI Van Bloem, Skip/0000-0001-7165-6646 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 475 EP 480 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 148HX UT WOS:000245066500017 PM 17241989 ER PT J AU Salleh-Mack, SZ Roberts, JS AF Salleh-Mack, S. Z. Roberts, J. S. TI Ultrasound pasteurization: The effects of temperature, soluble solids, organic acids and pH on the inactivation of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 SO ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; Escherichia coli; inactivation; soluble solids; acidity; organic acids ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; FRUIT JUICES; BACTERIA; PRESSURE; O157-H7; POWER; HEAT AB The objectives of this research were to study the effects of temperature, sugar concentration (8, 12, and 16 g/100 ml), organic acids (citric and malic acids) and pH (2.5 and 4.0) on ultrasound pasteurization. The model organism used for the research was Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and ultrasound treatment times were conducted to achieve a 5 log (base 10) reduction. Ultrasound generates heat, therefore the study involved removing the heat using a jacketed beaker with refrigerant (-30 degrees C) to maintain processing temperature at or below 30 degrees C and eliminate the thermal inactivation effects. Overall, ultrasound increased the sensitivity of E. coli to thermal inactivation. The presence of soluble solids had a protective effect where the sonication time requirement increased. Similar to heat sensitivity, the lower pH environment resulted in E. coli having less resistance to sonication. The type of organic acid had the least significant effect on ultrasound inactivation of E. coli. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Roberts, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jsr@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4177 EI 1873-2828 J9 ULTRASON SONOCHEM JI Ultrason. Sonochem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.07.004 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Chemistry GA 128AH UT WOS:000243627400007 PM 16965927 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Forsberg, NE AF Carroll, Jeffery A. Forsberg, Neil E. TI Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY-CELLS; SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN-E; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN-SECRETORY RESPONSE; URINARY CHROMIUM EXCRETION; INDUCED COPPER DEFICIENCY; BLOOD-SERUM COMPOSITION; GROWING-FINISHING PIGS AB Today, the scientific community readily embraces the fact that stress and nutrition impact every physiologic process in the body. At last, the specific mechanisms by which stress and nutrition affect the immune function are being elucidated. The debate among animal scientists concerning the definition and quantification of stress as it relates to animal productivity and well-being is ongoing. However, an increased appreciation and understanding of the effects of stress on livestock production has emerged throughout the scientific community and with livestock producers. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of the general concepts of stress and immunology, and to review the effects of stress and nutrition on the immune system of cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OmniGen Res LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jacarroll@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 287 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 31 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 EI 1558-4240 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 105 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003 PG 47 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 157PG UT WOS:000245731800009 PM 17382844 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E Day, JM AF Pantin-Jackwood, M. J. Spackman, E. Day, J. M. TI Pathology and virus tissue distribution of turkey origin Reoviruses in experimentally infected turkey poults SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; bursa of Fabricius; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; reovirus; turkey ID BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN REOVIRUS; MALABSORPTION-SYNDROME; BROILER-CHICKENS; INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; NEWBORN CHICKS; CULTURED-CELLS; YOUNG TURKEYS; BONE-MARROW; APOPTOSIS AB The pathogenesis of 4 isolates of turkey-origin reovirus (NC/SEP-R44/03, NC/98, TX/98, and NC/85) and 1 chicken-origin reovirus (1733) was examined by infecting specific pathogen free (SPF) poults. These turkey-origin reovirus (TRV) isolates were collected from turkey flocks experiencing poult enteritis and are genetically distinct from previously reported avian reoviruses. Microscopic examination of the tissues collected from the TRV-infected poults revealed different degrees of bursal atrophy characterized by lymphoid depletion and increased fibroplasia between the bursal follicles. To understand the relationship between virus spread and replication, and the induction of lesions, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for viral antigen, in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of viral RNA, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for the detection of apoptosis in affected tissues was performed. Both IHC and ISH revealed viral antigen and RNA in the surface epithelial cells of the bursa, in macrophages in the interstitium of the bursa and, to lesser degree, in splenic red pulp macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Increased apoptosis of bursal lymphocytes and macrophages was observed at 2 and 5 days postinoculation. No lesions were found in tissues from poults inoculated with the virulent chicken-origin strain, however viral antigen was detected in the bursa and the intestine. Although all TRVs studied displayed similar tissue tropism, there were substantial differences in the severity of the lesions produced. Poults inoculated with NC/SEP-R44/03 or NC/98 had moderate to severe bursal atrophy, whereas poults inoculated with TX/ 98 or NC/85 presented a mild to moderate bursal lymphoid depletion. The lymphoid depletion observed in the bursa appears to be the effect of an indirectly induced apoptosis and would most likely result in immune dysfunction in poults infected with TRV. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mpantin-jackwood@seprl.usda.gov NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1354/vp.44-2-185 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 143FM UT WOS:000244705400006 PM 17317795 ER PT J AU Fach, SJ Meyerholz, DK Gallup, JM Ackermann, MR Lehmkuhl, HD Sacco, RE AF Fach, Sasha J. Meyerholz, David K. Gallup, Jack M. Ackermann, Mark R. Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Sacco, Randy E. TI Neonatal ovine pulmonary dendritic cells support bovine respiratory syncytial virus replication with enhanced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 gene transcripts SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEASLES-VIRUS; YOUNG LAMBS; INFECTION; LUNG; BRONCHIOLITIS; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MACROPHAGES; RECEPTORS AB The lung microenvironment is constantly exposed to microorganisms and particulate matter. Lung dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the uptake and processing of antigens found within the respiratory tract. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory tract pathogen in children that induces an influx of DCs to the mucosal surfaces of the lung. Using a neonatal lamb model, we examined the in vivo permissiveness of DCs to RSV infection, as well as overall cell surface changes and cytokine responses of isolated lung DCs after bovine RSV (BRSV) infection. We report that isolated lung DCs and alveolar macrophages support BRSV replication. Isolated lung DCs were determined to be susceptible to BRSV infection as demonstrated by quantification of BRSV nonstructural protein 2 mRNA. BRSV infection induced an initial upregulation of CD14 expression on lung DCs, but by 5 d postinfection expression was similar to that on control cells. No significant changes in CD80/86 or MHC class I expression were seen on lung DCs after BRSV infection. Low to moderate expression of MHC class II and DEC-205 was detected by day 5 postinfection. Initially, on day 3 postinfection, lung DCs from BRSV-infected lambs had decreased endocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-ovalbumin (OVA). The amount of FITC-OVA endocytosed by lung DCs isolated on day 5 postinfection was similar to that of controls. The most interesting observation was the induction of immunomodulatory interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 cytokine gene transcription in lung DCs and alveolar macrophages after in vivo infection with BRSV. Overall, these findings are the first to demonstrate that neonatal lung DCs support in vivo BRSV replication and produce type 11 cytokines after viral infection. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI062787-03, R01 AI062787A, R01 AI062787] NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1089/vim.2006.0056 PG 12 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 157HU UT WOS:000245710300012 PM 17425426 ER PT J AU Meyerholz, DK Gallup, JM Lazic, T De Macedo, MMA Lehmkuhl, HD Ackermann, MR AF Meyerholz, David K. Gallup, Jack M. Lazic, Tatjana De Macedo, Marcia M. A. Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Ackermann, Mark R. TI Pretreatment with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor reduces virus replication and inflammation in a perinatal lamb model of respiratory syncytial virus infection SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL LAMBS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; SURFACTANT PROTEIN; US CHILDREN; IN-VITRO; PRETERM; VEGF; BRONCHIOLITIS; LUNG AB Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is increasingly recognized as a perinatal regulator of lung maturation and surfactant protein expression. Preterm and young infants are at increased risk for pulmonary immaturity characterized by insufficient surfactant production as well as increased risk for severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Innate immune components including surfactant proteins A and D, and beta-defensins have putative antimicrobial activity against pulmonary pathogens including RSV. Our hypothesis was that recombinant human VEGF (rhVEGF) pretreatment therapy would decrease RSV disease in the perinatal lamb RSV model. Newborn lambs were pretreated with rhVEGF, betamethasone, or saline and then inoculated with bovine RSV or sterile medium. Tissues were collected 5 d postinoculation, corresponding to the initiation of severe lesions and peak viral replication. In RSV-infected lambs, rhVEGF therapy increased the mean daily body temperature, decreased airway neutrophil exudate, and reduced RSV replication compared with betamethasone or saline pretreatment. Furthermore, rhVEGF therapy significantly mitigated the RSV-induced increase in surfactant protein A mRNA expression and decrease in surfactant protein D mRNA expression. In control (non-RSV-infected) lambs, pretreatment with rhVEGF increased sheep beta-defensin-1 (SBD1) mRNA expression, but no alteration in surfactant proteins A and D was detected. This novel study demonstrates that rhVEGF pretreatment mitigates RSV disease and, in addition, rhVEGF regulation of innate immune genes is dependent on RSV infection status. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 2738, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mackerma@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI055499-02, R01 AI062787, 5K08AI055499-03, R01 AI062787-01A1, 05R01AI062787-02, K08 AI055499] NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1089/vim.2006.0089 PG 9 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 157HU UT WOS:000245710300019 PM 17425433 ER PT J AU Niikura, M Kim, T Hunt, HD Burnside, J Morgan, RW Dodgson, JB Cheng, HH AF Niikura, Masahiro Kim, Taejoong Hunt, Henry D. Burnside, Joan Morgan, Robin W. Dodgson, Jerry B. Cheng, Hans H. TI Marek's disease virus up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class II cell surface expression in infected cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; herpesvirus; MHC class II; up-regulation; immunoevasion; cell-to-cell infection ID CHICKEN-EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; IMMUNE EVASION; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; INTERFERON; PATHWAY; RECOGNITION AB Many herpesviruses modulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression on the cell surface as an immune evasion mechanism. we report here that Marek's disease virus (MDV), a lymphotrophic avian alphaherpesvirus, up-regulates MHC class II cell surface expression in infected cells, contrary to all other herpesviruses examined to date. This MDV-induced class II up-regulation was detected both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was not solely an indirect effect of interferon, which is a highly potent natural inducer of MHC class II expression, since MHC class II up-regulation in cultured primary fibroblast cells was confined to the infected. cells only. MHC class II up-regulation was also observed in infected cells of the bursa of Fabricius during the lyric phase of MDV infection in birds and upon reactivation of MDV from latency in an MDV-transformed cell line. As MDV is a strictly cell-associated virus and requires activated T cells for its life cycle, this up-regulation of MHC class II in infected cells may contribute to virus spread within the infected host by increasing the chance of contact between productively infected cells and susceptible activated T cells. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu RI Nolen, Danielle/A-5250-2010; Smith, Liz/C-5867-2011; Crozier, Laura/C-5891-2011 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 359 IS 1 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.010 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 143PT UT WOS:000244735700023 PM 17028059 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Martin, Robert R. TI Strawberry chlorotic fleck: Identification and characterization of a novel Closterovirus associated with the disease SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Closteroviridae; Crinivirus; detection; phylogenetic analysis ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; FAMILY CLOSTEROVIRIDAE; PALLIDOSIS DISEASE; CAPSID PROTEINS; YELLOWS-VIRUS; SEQUENCE; CRINIVIRUS; GENOME; DOMAIN; CONSERVATION AB Chlorotic fleck, a strawberry disease caused by a graft and aphid transmissible agent, was identified more than 45 years ago in Louisiana. Since its discovery there has been no additional information on the agent that causes the disease. The mode of transmission implies that a virus is the causal agent of chlorotic fleck. We identified four closteroviruses in the single chlorotic fleck infected strawberry clone known to exist in the United States. Sequence analysis indicated that two of the viruses are novel and one of them is closely related to members of the Closterovirus genus, the aphid-transmitted viruses in the family Closteroviridae, a feature that is in accordance with the aphid transmissibility of the chlorotic fleck agent. The genome of the novel Closterovirus, designated as Strawberry chlorotic fleck associated virus exceeds 17 kilobases and encodes 10 open reading frames, including the signature closterovirus genes as well as a gene without obvious homologs in the family. RNA folding predicted a pseudoknot structure near the 3' terminus of the virus that may be involved in template recognition by the viral polymerase. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Strawberry chlorotic fleck associated virus is most closely related to Citrus tristeza virus among sequenced members of the family. Detection protocols have been developed-and the virus was detected in several strawberry plants from production fields. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.10.005 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 146HK UT WOS:000244924900011 PM 17109984 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE AF Entry, James A. Sojka, R. E. TI Matrix based fertilizers reduce nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in greenhouse column studies SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE starch; chitosan; lignin; mycorrhizae; aluminum sulfate; iron sulfate ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SILICONE POLYMER; SOIL; WATER; POLYETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; RUNOFF; ROOTS; CYCLE AB We tested the efficacy of matrix based fertilizer formulations (MBF) that reduce NH4, total phosphorus (TP), total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in leachate. The MBF formulations cover a range of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF1) to more moderately bound (MBF2) and more tightly bound compounds (MBF3) mixed with Al(SO4)(3) H2O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) and with the high ionic exchange compounds starch, chitosan and lignin. Glomus interadicies, a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores that will form mycorrhizae in high nutrient environments, was added to the MBF formulations to increase plant nutrient uptake. When N and P are released from the inorganic chemicals containing N and P the matrix based fertilizers likely bind these nutrients to the Al(SO4)(3) H2O and/or Fe-2(SO4)(3) starch-chitosan-lignin matrix. We tested the efficacy of the MBFs to reduce N and P leaching compared to Osmocote((R)) 14-14-14, a slow release fertilizer (SRF) in sand filled columns in a greenhouse study. SRF with and without Al and Fe leached 78-84% more NH4, 58-78% more TP, 20-30% more TRP and 61-77% more than MBF formulations 1, 2, and 3 in a total of 2.0 liters of leachate after 71 days. The concentration and amount of NO3 leached among SRF and MBF formulations 1 and 2 did not differ. The SRF treatment leached 34% less NO3, than MBF3. Total plant weight did not differ among fertilizer treatments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection did not differ among plants receiving SRF and MBF formulations 1, 2 and 3. Although further greenhouse and field testing are called for, results of this initial investigation warrant further investigation of MBFs. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1-4 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9270-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 133RH UT WOS:000244030000025 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Hoagland, RE Weaver, MA AF Boyette, C. Douglas Hoagland, Robert E. Weaver, Mark A. TI Biocontrol efficacy of Colletotrichum truncatum for hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) is enhanced with unrefined corn oil and surfactant SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agent; bioherbicide; Colletotrichum truncatum; oil-in-water emulsion; surfactant ID SICKLEPOD CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE; GLYCINE-MAX; GERMINATION; INFECTIVITY; VIRULENCE; SOYBEANS; EMULSION AB In greenhouse and field experiments, an oil-in-water emulsion of unrefined corn oil and Silwet L-77 increased the biological weed control efficacy of Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus et Moore for control of the weed, hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata [Raf.] Rydb. ex A.W Hill). The surfactant - corn oil emulsion stimulated germination and appressoria formation in vivo and in vitro and delayed the need for dew. We hypothesize that the corn oil protected the conidia from desiccation during the dew-free period and the surfactant stimulated spore germination and appressoria formation. In field experiments conducted over 3 years, a single application of a 50% (v/v) unrefined corn oil tank mixture containing 0.2% (v/v) Silwet L-77 surfactant controlled hemp sesbania in soybeans an average of 95%. Aqueous fungal suspensions or adjuvants alone did not visually affect or control hemp sesbania. The soybean yields were significantly higher in the plots where weeds were effectively controlled. These results suggest that formulating C. truncatum in unrefined corn oil and surfactant greatly increases its infectivity and the biocontrol potential of this pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, SO Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mweaver@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00230.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144ZZ UT WOS:000244836400010 ER PT J AU Davis, AS AF Davis, Adam S. TI Nitrogen fertilizer and crop residue effects on seed mortality and germination of eight annual weed species SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seed mortality; soil carbon and nitrogen; C : N ratio; N fertilizer; microbial degradation; germination; organic amendment; weed seedbank management ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; PERSISTENCE; EMERGENCE; WATER AB Weed seed persistence in the soil seedbank is central to weed population dynamics; however, limited knowledge of mechanisms regulating seed survival in soil remains an obstacle to developing seed-bank management practices. Weed seeds are rich in carbon and nitrogen, and therefore may represent an important nutritional resource to soil microbes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that weed seed mortality due to microbial predation is limited by soil inorganic N availability and soil C:N ratio. A factorial of N fertilizer rate (0, 14, and 28 mg N kg soil(-1)) and corn stover addition rate (0 and 3,000 mg stover kg soil(-1)) was applied to bioassay units containing Illinois field soil (silt loam, 3.8% organic carbon) and seeds of one of eight annual weed species common to Illinois field crops: giant foxtail, green foxtaill yellow foxtail, wooly cupgrass, giant ragweed, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and Venice mallow. Seeds were incubated for 2 mo, after which they were recovered from the soil and tested for viability. Only three of the eight species, velvetleaf, giant ragweed, and wooly cupgrass, responded to the experimental treatments. Velvetleaf seed mortality was 40% lower in the corn stover-amended treatment than in the unamended treatment. Both giant ragweed and wooly cupgrass showed a more complex interaction between N fertilizer and corn stover treatments. Path analysis supported the hypothesis that the influence of soil N on seed mortality in velvetleaf was because of the direct effect of soil N on microbial predation of velvetleaf seeds, whereas for giant ragweed and wooly cupgrass, the effect on seed mortality appeared to be mediated through soil N effects oil germination. Mechanisms underlying soil N fertility effects on weed seed mortality appear to be species-specific. Future investigations of this phenomenon should include quantitative measures of seed coat composition and quality. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 31 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1614/WS-06-133.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100007 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Davis, RF AF Webster, Theodore M. Davis, Richard F. TI Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) affects common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) interference with cotton SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; multiple pests; pest complex; plant-parasitic nematode ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; WEED HOSTS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PEST INTERACTIONS; SOLANUM-NIGRUM; COMPETITION; FIELDS; GROWTH AB Southern root-knot nematode and common cocklebur interfere with cotton growth and yield. A greater understanding of the interaction of these pests with cotton growth and yield is needed for effective integrated pest management (IPM). An additive design was used in outdoor microplots with five common cocklebur densities (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants per plot) growing in competition with cotton, with and without the presence of southern root-knot nematode. Differences in cotton height could not be detected among common cocklebur densities or nematode presence at 3 wk after transplanting (WAT); however, differences in crop height were observed at 5 WAT between nematode treatments. In the absence of nematodes, the relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density was described by a rectangular hyperbolic regression model (P < 0.0001). Maximum yield loss from common cocklebur in the absence of nematodes exceeded 80%. In the presence of nematodes, there was a linear relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density (P = 0.0506). The presence of nematodes at each common cocklebur density increased cotton yield loss 15 to 35%. Common cocklebur plant biomass was 25% greater in nematode treatments, likely because of the reduced competitiveness of the cotton plants in these plots. This study demonstrates that multiple pests can interact to cause an additive reduction in crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1614/WS-06-182.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100010 ER PT J AU Fain, GB Grey, TL Wehtje, GR Gilliam, CH Osborne, JA AF Fain, Glenn B. Grey, Timothy L. Wehtje, Glenn R. Gilliam, Charles H. Osborne, Jason A. TI Polymeric resins adsorb and release oryzalin in response to pH SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicide; adsorption; container-grown plants; nursery ID WEED-CONTROL; CONTAINER MEDIA; SOIL; ADSORPTION; SULFENTRAZONE; DESORPTION; HERBICIDES; OXADIAZON AB Two polymeric anion-exchange resins and one sorbent resin were evaluated for their propensity to adsorb, and subsequently desorb, oryzalin. The intent was to determine whether these resins could adsorb and subsequently release oryzalin in a manner that would render these resins as an option for slow-release herbicide delivery. The dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin is weakly acidic with a dissociation constant (pK(a)) of 8.6. An additional objective was to determine whether altering the pH between sorption and desorption would enhance the desired performance. Maximum oryzalin sorption by the two anion-exchange resins was between 127 and 132 mg g(-1) ai. The sorbent resin was adsorbed at a maximum concentration of 191 mg g(-1) ai. Maximum sorption occurred with the pH 10 solutions with all resins. Average oryzalin desorption by the anion-exchange resin was between 0.12 and 3.84 mg g(-1) per desorption event. Maximum desorption occurred at pH 6.0. Results reveal that the resins evaluated may have merit for slow-release herbicide delivery. C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fain, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM gfain@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1614/WS-06-013.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100013 ER PT J AU Breiter, NC Seastedt, TR AF Breiter, Nehalem C. Seastedt, Timothy R. TI Postrelease evaluation of Mecinus janthinus host specificity, a biological control agent for invasive toadflax (Linaria spp.) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; nontarget herbivory; native flora; Scrophulariaceae ID DALMATIAN TOADFLAX; NORTH-AMERICA; SCROPHULARIACEAE; GERMAR; PLANTS; RANGE; WEEDS; RISK; MILL AB Toadflax invasion into natural areas has prompted interest in weed management via biological control. The most promising biological control agent currently available for the control of Dalmatian toadflax is Mecinus janthinus, a stem-boring weevil that has been shown to significantly reduce toadflax populations. Some land managers, however, are reluctant to release approved weed biological control agents based on concerns about possible nontarget impacts. Few postrelease examinations of biocontrol impact and host specificity have been performed, despite the call for such information. This study examined the host specificity of Mecinus janthinus, postrelease, in relation to Colorado sites to provide information to managers about its relative safety as a weed biological control agent. This study employed three components: (1) greenhouse choice and no-choice experiments; (2) no-choice caged field experiments; and (3) release-site evaluation of nontarget use of native plant species where this weevil has been released and has established. Both greenhouse and field experiments failed to demonstrate nontarget use of native plant species by M. janthinus in the region where it was studied, even in no-choice starvation tests. We found no evidence of nontarget herbivory on native plants growing at toadflax sites where M. janthinus was well established. These results support the continued use of M. janthinus as a low-risk biological control agent for the management of toadflax in the Rocky Mountain Front Range. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Breiter, NC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Weed management Lab, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST, 2301 Res Blvd,Suite 108, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Nehalem.C.Breiter@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1614/WS-06-093.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100014 ER PT J AU Lovelace, ML Talbert, RE Scherder, EF Hoagland, RE AF Lovelace, Michael L. Talbert, Ronald E. Scherder, Eric F. Hoagland, Robert E. TI Effects of multiple applications of simulated quinclorac drift rates on tomato SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herbicide drift; auxinic herbicide; epinasty ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; SUBLETHAL RATES; CROP INJURY; HERBICIDE; 2,4-D; RESIDUES; METHYL AB Quinclorac drift has been speculated as the cause of injury to tomato crops throughout northeast Arkansas. In this study, we set out to determine whether tomato plant injury and yield reduction were correlated with simulated quinclorac drift. Experiments were carried out at Fayetteville, AR, in 1999 and 2000. Maximum plant injury (visual ratings) was about 20% when plants were treated with one, two, or three quinclorac applications (weekly intervals beginning at first flower) at 0.42 g ai ha(-1) (0.001 times the normal use rate to simulate drift). Maximum plant injury ranged from 48 to 68% with quinclorac simulated drift treatment of 42 g ha(-1). Overall, increasing quinclorac rate and number of applications increased tomato injury. In both years, tomato plant fresh-weight accumulation was not influenced by one, two, or three applications of quinclorac at 0.42 g ha(-1) compared with the untreated control. In 1999, increasing the rate of quinclorac from 0.42 to 4.2 g ha(-1) reduced plant fresh-weight accumulation. In 2000, there was no significant difference in plant fresh weight when plants were treated with quinclorac at 2.1 to 4.2 g ha(-1). Evaluation of the herbicide rate effect indicated that quinclorac at 0.42 g ha(-1) did not reduce tomato fruit yield (total weight of edible fruit) compared with the untreated control, but yield decreased as rate increased above 0.42 g ha(-1). Increasing the number of applications generally decreased tomato yield, and overall as maximum visual plant injury increased, tomato yield reduction also increased linearly. We conclude that quinclorac at simulated drift rates can adversely affect tomato plant growth and yield. C1 USDA, AMS, LS, Seed Regulatory & Testing Branch, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. AgriGold Hybrids, Francisville, IL 62460 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lovelace, ML (reprint author), USDA, AMS, LS, Seed Regulatory & Testing Branch, 801 Summit Crossing Pl,Suite C, Gastonia, NC 28054 USA. EM michael.lovelace@usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1614/WS-06-054.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100015 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Sheley, RL AF Davies, Kirk W. Sheley, Roger L. TI A conceptual framework for preventing the spatial dispersal of invasive plants SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasion; weed prevention; vectors; weeds; spread ID SEED DISPERSAL; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; ANTS; ADAPTATIONS; STRATEGIES; RANGELAND; ECOLOGY; COMPLEX; SYSTEM AB Invasive plant species have adversely affected rangelands throughout the world and continue to invade previously uninfested lands at an alarming rate. Previous efforts have focused on eradication and control; however, recent efforts have recognized that preventing invasive plant species from infesting new areas is more cost-effective and efficient than trying to restore the system after it is infested. One of the major components of prevention is limiting the introduction of the invasive plant to uninfested areas. Guidelines to limit the introduction of invasive plants into new areas are usually general and not developed to address differences in dispersal vectors among invasive plants. To limit the dispersal of invasive plants, land managers need a framework that assists them in identifying major spatial dispersal vectors and management strategies based on those vectors. We propose an initial conceptual framework that integrates the ecology of invasive plant dispersal with prevention management. The framework identifies major potential vectors by incorporating invasive plant seed adaptations for dispersal through space and infestation locations relative to vector pathways. The framework then proposes management strategies designed to limit dispersal by those specific vectors. The framework also identifies areas where research could improve the effectiveness of dispersal-prevention strategies by providing additional management tools. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 36 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1614/WS-06-161.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 144RZ UT WOS:000244815100016 ER PT J AU Palik, B Streblow, D Egeland, L Buech, R AF Palik, Brian Streblow, Dwight Egeland, Leanne Buech, Richard TI Landscape variation of seasonal pool plant communities in forests of northern Minnesota, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE seasonal ponds; vernal pools; wetland plants ID ISOLATED WETLANDS; WATER CHEMISTRY; LOWER MICHIGAN; VERNAL POOLS; ECOSYSTEMS; PONDS; BOG AB Seasonal forest pools are abundant in the northern Great Lakes forest landscape, but the range of variation in their plant communities and the relationship of this variation to multi-scale landscape features remains poorly quantified. We examined seasonal pools in forests of northern Minnesota USA with the objective of quantifying the range of variation in plant communities within and among different geomorphic and forest settings. Abundances of plant functional groups were highly variable among pools, ranging from those having abundant upland trees, sedges, and perennial forbs to those having abundant wetland sedges, grasses, and forbs. Glacial landform and ecological landtype (local forest and soil type) explained little of this variation, while physical characteristics of the pools (primarily duration of flooding) explained 36% of the variation. Understanding landscape variation in seasonal pool plant communities is important for their conservation and management. If range of variation is understood, representative examples of all variants of pool systems can be identified for conservation, and management prescriptions can be tailored to different landscape settings. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Palik, B (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM hpalik@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[12:LVOSPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155XE UT WOS:000245611100002 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB D'Amore, DV AF Fellman, Jason B. D'Amore, David V. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in three wetland types in Southeast Alaska, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; bog; forested wetland; nitrification; riparian wetland ID NORTHERN WETLANDS; SOILS; CARBON; NITRIFICATION; SUBSTRATE; TRANSFORMATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PEATLANDS; GRADIENT AB To improve our ability to predict how different wetland soils cycle nutrients, it is necessary to gain an understanding of N and P net mineralization rates. Since information on mineralization rates in southeast Alaska is limited, this study will improve-our ability to predict how different wetlands affect soil nutrient processing. Net N and P mineralization rates were measured both in situ and via lab incubations to evaluate both actual and potential mineralization rates in three wetland types: bogs; forested wetlands; and riparian wetlands. Soil pH was an important controlling variable for both net N and P mineralization rates and soil phosphorus content significantly influenced net P mineralization rates. In situ net mineralization rates ranged from 410-1,710 mu g N kg soil(-1) day(-1) for N and from 2-27 mu g P kg soil(-1) day(-1) for P after 56 days. Lab incubations revealed mineralization potentials were 2-3 times greater than in situ rates. Net N and P mineralization potentials were greatest in the riparian wetlands and were significantly different from the bogs and forested wetlands. In contrast, the bogs mineralized a greater proportion of the total N and P soil pool (mu g nutrient mineralized per gram nutrient) and indicates greater internal nutrient cycling within bogs. These results suggest that different wetland types of southeast Alaska process N and P differently and these wetland types should be evaluated separately in future evaluations of wetland ecosystem function. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[44:NAPMIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155XE UT WOS:000245611100005 ER PT J AU Covert-Bratland, KA Theimer, TC Block, WM AF Covert-Bratland, Kristin A. Theimer, Tad C. Block, William M. TI Hairy Woodpecker winter roost characteristics in burned ponderosa pine forest SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PILEATED WOODPECKERS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; SITE SELECTION; TREE HARDNESS; FIRE; SNAGS; MORTALITY; COMMUNITIES AB Winter roosts afford escape from extreme climatic conditions, reduce heat and energy loss, and provide protection from predators for North American woodpeckers. We monitored the use and characteristics of 12 winter roosts used by nine radio-marked Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona that had experienced wildfire in 1996 and 2000. Roost trees were larger in diameter than 95% of non-roost trees and on average 2.5 times larger within burned areas of similar severity. Roost trees were within patches less dense than 95% of measured patches across study sites, which were on average 1.5 times as dense. Two-thirds of roost trees were created by fire and were smaller than those created by other means. Six birds each used one roost and three males each used two roosts. Two-thirds of the roosts were outside or on the edge of estimated home ranges. Maximum straight-line distances traveled, from roost to farthest point of home range, were > 1 km for 8 of 9 birds. Woodpeckers have a significant role in providing cavities for secondary cavity nesters. Thus, understanding habitat requirements for winter roosts could provide managers with essential tools to maintain or enhance populations of this species. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Covert-Bratland, KA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kbratland@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1676/05-127.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 148YQ UT WOS:000245113700006 ER PT J AU Bowen, LT Moorman, CE Kilgo, JC AF Bowen, Liessa T. Moorman, Christopher E. Kilgo, John C. TI Seasonal bird use of canopy gaps in a bottomland forest SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREE-FALL GAPS; HABITAT USE; GROUP-SELECTION; POSTBREEDING MOVEMENTS; NORTHERN VIRGINIA; WOOD THRUSHES; BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITY AB Bird use of small canopy gaps within mature forests has not been well studied, particularly across multiple seasons. We investigated seasonal differences in bird use of gap and forest habitat within a bottomland hardwood forest in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Gaps were 0.13- to 0.5-ha, 7- to 8-year-old group-selection timber harvest openings. Our study occurred during four bird-use periods (spring migration, breeding, postbreeding, and fall migration) in 2001 and 2002. We used plot counts and mist netting to estimate bird abundance in canopy gaps and surrounding mature forest habitats. Using both survey methods, we observed more birds, including forest-interior species, forest-edge species, field-edge species, and several individual species in canopy gap and gap-edge habitats than in surrounding mature forest during all periods. Interactions between period and habitat type often were significant in models, suggesting a seasonal shift in habitat use. Bird activity generally shifted between the interior of canopy gaps and the immediate gap edge, but many species increased their use of forested habitat during the breeding period. This suggests that many species of birds selectively choose gap and gap-edge habitat over surrounding mature forest during the non-breeding period. Creation of small canopy gaps within a mature forest may increase local bird species richness. The reasons for increased bird activity in gaps remain unclear. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8003, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_moorman@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1676/05-091.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 148YQ UT WOS:000245113700009 ER PT J AU Hillel, J Granevitze, Z Twito, T Ben-Avraham, D Blum, S Lavi, U David, L Feldman, MW Cheng, H Weigend, S AF Hillel, J. Granevitze, Z. Twito, T. Ben-Avraham, D. Blum, S. Lavi, U. David, L. Feldman, M. W. Cheng, H. Weigend, S. TI Molecular markers for the assessment of chicken biodiversity SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; bioinformatics; chicken; microsatellites; phylogeny; poultry; SNP; W-chromosome ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; DNA; POPULATIONS; CHROMOSOME; LINES; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; MAP AB Three main aspects of chicken biodiversity are dealt within this report: (a) cluster analysis based on autosomal microsatellites, (b) microsatellites on the sex chromosomes, and (c) SNP-based biodiversity. (a) Cluster analysis of autosomal microsatellites: We used 29 microsatellites to genotype 2000 chickens randomly selected from 65 different populations representing various chicken types and various geographical regions. The computer program Structure placed the 65 populations into clusters that are in agreement with their geographic origin and breed history. Only at two predefined clusters, there is little admixture between non-commercial populations originating from Asia and those from Europe. In contrast, commercial broilers and brown egg layers appeared as admixed populations of these two main gene pools. Increasing the number of clusters resulted in generation of specific clusters of commercial lines, having very low admixture with other clusters. In addition, we identified seven mixed populations, each of which shared portions of their genome with several other genetic clusters. (b) Microsatellites on the sex chromosomes: We predicted 173 potential microsatellites on chromosome W by in-silico analysis of the chicken genome assembly (version WASHUC1). Twenty five microsatellites of the highest sequence quality were tested in the lab for gender specificity. Unexpectedly, PCR products were generated in both sexes. Moreover, 14 selected microsatellites were mapped (using the East Lansing reference panel) and in all cases, the "W specific" microsatellites were mapped to chromosome Z and except for one locus, to the same similar to 6 cM region. We conclude that the draft assembly for chromosome W is quite inaccurate. (c) SNP-based biodiversity: Ten distinct chicken breeds were genotyped at 145 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at 14 random DNA fragments and twenty five, each from different and unlinked genes. Microsatellite genotypes of the same ten breeds were used for comparison. Applying bootstrap values as the criterion for tree's reliability, we found that: (1) increasing the number of SNPs had a higher impact on the reliability of the analysis than increasing the number of individuals per population, and (2) the bootstrap values of phylogenetic un-rooted trees based on microsatellites were relatively low. C1 [Hillel, J.; Granevitze, Z.; Ben-Avraham, D.; Blum, S.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Twito, T.; Lavi, U.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [David, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Feldman, M. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheng, H.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Weigend, S.] Fed Agr Res Ctr, Inst Anim Breeding Mariensee, D-31535 Neustadt, Germany. RP Hillel, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM hillel@agri.huji.ac.il RI Ben-Avraham, Dan/H-2971-2013; David, Lior/G-8754-2012 OI David, Lior/0000-0002-6555-0594 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1079/WPS2006125 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 266YE UT WOS:000253473300002 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Small, BC Gregory, D Kim, J Black, S Jerrett, A AF Bosworth, Brian G. Small, Brian C. Gregory, Denise Kim, Jin Black, Suzanne Jerrett, Alistair TI Effects of rested-harvest using the anesthetic AQUI-S (TM) on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, physiology and fillet quality SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE catfish; rested-harvest; AQUI-S (TM); meat quality ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CLOVE OIL; PLASMA-CORTISOL; PRE-SLAUGHTER; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AB Trials were conducted to determine effects of AQUI-S (TM) sedation during harvest (rested-harvest) on physiological responses and fillet quality of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Rested-harvest is defined as application of an anesthetic immediately before harvest to reduce fish activity associated with a normal harvest. Doses of 25-35 ppm AQUI-S (TM) were effective for rested-harvest of catfish (loss of equilibrium in 3 to 10 min and 100% survival following recovery). Time to loss of equilibrium and time to recovery following sedation with 35 ppm AQUI-S (TM) increased as water temperature decreased from 30 degrees C to 10 degrees C. Catfish exposed to 25 ppm AQUI-STM, 35 ppm AQUI-STM, 100 ppm trincaine methanesulfonate, and 8 ppm metomidate had lower blood lactate, cortisol, and glucose and higher blood pH than unsedated fish exposed to a low-water stress. Rested-harvest (RH) catfish had higher muscle and blood pH, lower blood and muscle lactate, and higher muscle ATP levels than catfish exposed to a 45 min low-water stress. Rates of muscle pH decrease, ATP decrease, and lactate increase accelerated as storage temperature decreased from 15 degrees C to 5 degrees C in RH fish acclimated to summer temperatures (33 degrees C), conversely these rates accelerated as storage temperature increased from 5 degrees C to 15 degrees C in RE fish acclimated to winter temperatures (7 degrees C). Based on physiological response (higher muscle pH, lower blood lactate, delayed time to rigor), post-sedation euthanasia by CO2 was superior to post-sedation euthanasia by AQUI-STM overdose (150 ppm), nitrogen gas, or electrical stunning. Compared to fillets from fish exposed to simulated industry transport conditions, fillets from RH/CO2 euthanised fish had higher pH 1 h post-slaughter, and less drip-loss and lower L* and a* color values during 7 days of iced storage. RH/CO2 and control fillets were not different for shelf-life based on bacterial counts. Rested-harvest with AQUI-STM followed by CO2 euthanasia has potential to improve catfish fillet quality, but AQUI-S (TM) approval, development of rested-harvest strategies, and demonstration of economic benefits of rested-harvest will be required for adoption of rested-harvest to commercial catfish production. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bbosworth@ars.usda.gov RI Black, Suzanne/B-5277-2011; Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 57 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 2-4 BP 302 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.035 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 141AC UT WOS:000244547200014 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Parker, CT Heath, S Lastovica, AJ AF Miller, William G. Parker, Craig T. Heath, Sekou Lastovica, Albert J. TI Identification of genomic differences between Campylobacter jejuni subsp jejuni and C. jejuni subsp doylei at the nap locus leads to the development of a C. jejuni subspeciation multiplex PCR method SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLI; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCE; RESTRICTION; INFECTIONS AB Background: The human bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni contains two subspecies: C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj) and C. jejuni subsp. doylei (Cjd). Although Cjd strains are isolated infrequently in many parts of the world, they are obtained primarily from human clinical samples and result in an unusual clinical symptomatology in that, in addition to gastroenteritis, they are associated often with bacteremia. In this study, we describe a novel multiplex PCR method, based on the nitrate reductase (nap) locus, that can be used to unambiguously subspeciate C. jejuni isolates. Results: Internal and flanking napA and napB primer sets were designed, based on existing C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli genome sequences to create two multiplex PCR primer sets, nap mpx1 and nap mpx2. Genomic DNA from 161 C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj) and 27 C. jejuni subsp. doylei (Cjd) strains were amplified with these multiplex primer sets. The Cjd strains could be distinguished clearly from the Cjj strains using either nap mpx1 or mpx2. In addition, combination of either nap multiplex method with an existing lpxA speciation multiplex method resulted in the unambiguous and simultaneous speciation and subspeciation of the thermophilic Campylobacters. The Cjd nap amplicons were also sequenced: all Cjd strains tested contained identical 2761 bp deletions in napA and several Cjd strains contained deletions in napB. Conclusion: The nap multiplex PCR primer sets are robust and give a 100% discrimination of C. jejuni subspecies. The ability to rapidly subspeciate C. jejuni as well as speciate thermophilic Campylobacter species, most of which are pathogenic in humans, in a single amplification will be of value to clinical laboratories in strain identification and the determination of the environmental source of campylobacterioses caused by Cjd. Finally, the sequences of the Cjd napA and napB loci suggest that Cjd strains arose from a common ancestor, providing clues as to the potential evolutionary origin of Cjd. C1 USDA, ARS, Dept Agr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Dept Agr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bmiller@pw.usda.gov; parker@pw.usda.gov; sekouheath@yahoo.com; lastoaj@mweb.co.za NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 11 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-7-11 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 148QJ UT WOS:000245089400001 PM 17328805 ER PT J AU Sagar, JP Olson, DH Schmitz, RA AF Sagar, Jina P. Olson, Deanna H. Schmitz, Richard A. TI Survival and growth of larval Coastal Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in streams in the Oregon Coast Range SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; MARKED ANIMALS; DENSITY; FISH; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; RESPONSES; OPACUM; SIZE AB Conditions that affect amphibian larval growth and survival can affect population structure through both larval and adult stages of their life history. We conducted a two-year, mark-recapture study of larval, Coastal Giant Salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, in 14 small streams in the Oregon Coast Range to assess spatial and temporal variation in growth and apparent survival. We modeled larval survival and growth by season and age class and examined these demographic rates in the presence of road crossing culverts. Cormack-Jolly-Seber models indicated that apparent survival was lower for first-year larvae than second/third-year larvae (13%, SE = 0.03; 28%, SE = 0.08) and apparent survival varied by time/season. The > 5% difference in the effect of age on survival is potentially biologically significant (effect size = -0.10; confidence interval = -0.05, -0.16). Effects of culverts on larval survival were inconclusive, while no effects on growth were detected. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sagar, JP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jpsagar@hotmail.com NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 28 PY 2007 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[123:SAGOLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 141YK UT WOS:000244614900010 ER PT J AU Coll, BA Garcia, RA Marmer, WN AF Coll, Brian A. Garcia, Rafael A. Marmer, William N. TI Diffusion of Protease into Meat & Bone Meal for Solubility Improvement and Potential Inactivation of the BSE Prion SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Government-imposed feed bans have created a need for new applications for meat & bone meal (MBM). Many potential new applications require MBM protein to be both soluble and free of infectious prion. Treatment with protease is generally effective in reducing insoluble, thermally-denatured proteins to soluble peptides. It has been reported in the literature that certain proteases, including Versazyme (TM), are able to degrade infectious prions in a system where the prions are readily accessible to proteolytic attack. Prions distributed within MBM, however, may conceivably be protected from proteases. Methodology/Principal Findings. The overall rate of proteolytic MBM digestion depends greatly on whether the protease can penetrate deep within individual particles, or if the protease can only act near the surface of the particle. This research examined the barriers to the diffusion of Versazyme (TM) into particles of MBM. Confocal microscopy demonstrated differences in the density distributions between the bone and the soft tissue particles of MBM. By tracking the diffusion of fluorescently labeled Versazyme (TM) through individual particles, it was found that bone particles show full Versazyme (TM) penetration within 30 minutes, while penetration of soft tissue particles can take up to four hours, depending on the particle's diameter. From the variety of normal proteins comprising MBM, a specific protein was chosen to serve as a prion surrogate based on characteristics including size, solubility, distribution and abundance. This surrogate was used to measure the effect of several factors on Versazyme (TM) diffusion. Conclusions/Significance. Results showed that surrogate distributed in bone particles was more susceptible to degradation than that in soft tissue particles. Three factors controllable by unit operations in an industrial-scale process were also tested. It was found that removing the lipid content and hydrating MBM prior to incubation both significantly increased the rate of surrogate degradation. In a test of particle size, the smallest collected diameter range demonstrated the largest degradation of the prion surrogate, suggesting milling would be beneficial. C1 [Coll, Brian A.; Garcia, Rafael A.; Marmer, William N.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Coll, Brian A.] Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM Rafael.Garcia@ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 FU Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 AR e245 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000245 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DL UT WOS:000207444600005 PM 17327909 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Fosnight, EA Gilmanov, TG Frank, AB Morgan, JA Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP AF Wylie, Bruce K. Fosnight, Eugene A. Gilmanov, Tagir G. Frank, Albert B. Morgan, Jack A. Haferkamp, Marshall R. Meyers, Tilden P. TI Adaptive data-driven models for estimating carbon fluxes in the Northern Great Plains SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; grassland ecosystems; Northern Great Plains; data-driven models; piece-wise regression models; net ecosystem exchange ID TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; VEGETATION; EXCHANGE; SURFACE AB Rangeland carbon fluxes are highly variable in both space and time. Given the expansive areas of rangelands, how rangelands respond to climatic variation, management, and soil potential is important to understanding carbon dynamics. Rangeland carbon fluxes associated with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) were measured from multiple year data sets at five flux tower locations in the Northern Great Plains. These flux tower measurements were combined with 1-km(2) spatial data sets of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, seasonal NDVI metrics, and soil characteristics. Flux tower measurements were used to train and select variables for a rule-based piece-wise regression model. The accuracy and stability of the model were assessed through random cross-validation and cross-validation by site and year. Estimates of NEE were produced for each 10-day period during each growing season from 1998 to 2001. Growing season carbon flux estimates were combined with winter flux estimates to derive and map annual estimates of NEE. The rule-based piece-wise regression model is a dynamic, adaptive model that captures the relationships of the spatial data to NEE as conditions evolve throughout the growing season. The carbon dynamics in the Northern Great Plains proved to be in near equilibrium, serving as a small carbon sink in 1999 and as a small carbon source in 1998, 2000, and 2001. Patterns of carbon sinks and sources are very complex, with the carbon dynamics tilting toward sources in the drier west and toward sinks in the east and near the mountains in the extreme west. Significant local variability exists, which initial investigations suggest are likely related to local climate variability, soil properties, and management. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fosnight, EA (reprint author), USGS, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM fosnight@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 78 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 4 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.017 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 138HH UT WOS:000244353200001 ER PT J AU Kurth, TL Byars, JA Cermak, SC Sharma, BK Biresaw, G AF Kurth, Todd L. Byars, Jeffrey A. Cermak, Steven C. Sharma, Brajendra K. Biresaw, Girma TI Non-linear adsorption modeling of fatty esters and oleic estolide esters via boundary lubrication coefficient of friction measurements SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE adsorption; estolide; FFG; friction; Langmuir; Temkin ID HEAT; OILS AB The frictional behaviors of a variety of fatty esters (methyl oleate (MO), methyl palmitate (MP), methyl laurate (ML), and 2-ethylhexyl oleate (EHO)) and oleic estolide esters (methyl oleic estolide ester (ME) and 2-ethylhexyl oleic estolide ester (EHE)) as additives in hexadecane have been examined in a boundary lubrication test regime using steel contacts. Critical additive concentrations were defined and used to perform novel and simple Langmuir analyses that provide an order of adsorption energies: EHE >= ME > EHO > MP > MO >= ML. Application of Langmuir, Temkin, and Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim (FFG) adsorption models via non-linear fitting demonstrates the necessary inclusion of cooperative effects in the applied model. Fits of the steady-state coefficient of friction (COF)-concentration data for EHE, ME, and EHO indicate slight cooperative adsorption. MO, MP, and ML data require larger attractive interaction terms (alpha <= -2.3) to be adequately fit. Primary adsorption energies calculated via a general adsorption model are necessarily decreased while total adsorption energies correlate well with values obtained via critical concentration analyses. To account for multiple surface-site coverage a multiple-site model was defined. The intuitive assumption of multiple-site coverage of more massive components suggests deceptively increased calculated adsorption energies for typically applied models (e.g. FFG, Langmuir). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kurth, TL (reprint author), Degussa Goldschmidt Corp, 900 S Palm St,POB 1018, Janesville, WI 53547 USA. EM todd.kurth@degussa.com NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 5-6 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.06.020 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 139CY UT WOS:000244411000006 ER PT J AU Landry, LM Wilson, JG Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, J Tucker, KL Taylor, HA DeStefano, AL AF Landry, Latrice M. Wilson, James G. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Ordovas, Jose Tucker, Katherine L. Taylor, Herman A. DeStefano, Anita L. TI Heritability of lipid phenotypes among African Americans: Jackson heart study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E300 EP E300 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200426 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, Nirupa R. Jalbert, Susan M. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Gender- and age- specific differences in the kinetic behavior of TRL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 and HDL apolipoprotein A-I SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E262 EP E262 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200244 ER PT J AU Stranges, S Marshall, JR Natarajan, R Donahue, RP Trevisan, M Cappuccio, FP Combs, GF Clark, LC Reid, ME AF Stranges, Saverio Marshall, James R. Natarajan, Raj Donahue, Richard P. Trevisan, Maurizio Cappuccio, Francesco P. Combs, Gerald F. Clark, Larry C. Reid, Mary E. TI Effects of selenium supplementation on type 2 diabetes incidence: Secondary analyses in a randomized clinical trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Warwick, Warwick, England. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E226 EP E226 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200071 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Johnson, EJ Carithers, TC Taylor, HA Bogle, ML Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, Sameera A. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Carithers, Teresa C. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Bogle, Margaret L. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Dietary patterns are associated with antioxidant biomarkers in the diet and physical activity substudy (DPASS) of the Jackson heart study (JHS) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent, Council Nutr, Phys Activ & Metabolism, Natl Heart, Lung & Blood Inst C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA, ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 8 BP E238 EP E238 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 140CY UT WOS:000244482200131 ER PT J AU Houlahan, JE Currie, DJ Cottenie, K Cumming, GS Ernest, SKM Findlay, CS Fuhlendorf, SD Gaedke, U Legendre, P Magnuson, JJ McArdle, BH Muldavin, EH Noble, D Russell, R Stevens, RD Willis, TJ Woiwod, IP Wondzell, SM AF Houlahan, J. E. Currie, D. J. Cottenie, K. Cumming, G. S. Ernest, S. K. M. Findlay, C. S. Fuhlendorf, S. D. Gaedke, U. Legendre, P. Magnuson, J. J. McArdle, B. H. Muldavin, E. H. Noble, D. Russell, R. Stevens, R. D. Willis, T. J. Woiwod, I. P. Wondzell, S. M. TI Compensatory dynamics are rare in natural ecological communities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biological interactions; community dynamics; negative covariance; neutral models; zero-sum ID PLANT; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS AB In population ecology, there has been a fundamental controversy about the relative importance of competition-driven (density-dependent) population regulation vs. abiotic influences such as temperature and precipitation. The same issue arises at the community level; are population sizes driven primarily by changes in the abundances of cooccurring competitors (i.e., compensatory dynamics), or do most species have a common response to environmental factors? Competitive interactions have had a central place in ecological theory, dating back to Gleason, Volterra, Hutchison and MacArthur, and, more recently, Hubbell's influential unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. If competitive interactions are important in driving year-to-year fluctuations in abundance, then changes in the abundance of one species should generally be accompanied by compensatory changes in the abundances of others. Thus, one necessary consequence of strong compensatory forces is that, on average, species within communities will covary negatively. Here we use measures of community covariance to assess the prevalence of negative covariance in 41 natural communities comprising different taxa at a range of spatial scales. We found that species in natural communities tended to covary positively rather than negatively, the opposite of what would be expected if compensatory dynamics were important. These findings suggest that abiotic factors such as temperature and precipitation are more important than competitive interactions in driving year-to-year fluctuations in species abundance within communities. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. British Trust Ornithol, Natl Ctr Ornithol, Thetford IP24 2PU, Norfolk, England. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Rothamsted Res, Palnt & Invertebrate Ecol Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Houlahan, JE (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, POB 5050, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. EM jeffhoul@unbsj.ca RI Ernest, Morgan/A-4355-2008; Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008; Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011; Ernest, SK Morgan/O-2532-2015; OI Ernest, Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326; Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402; Ernest, SK Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Currie, David J./0000-0002-4906-2363 NR 28 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 9 U2 84 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 9 BP 3273 EP 3277 DI 10.1073/pnas.0603798104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 142PG UT WOS:000244661400046 PM 17360637 ER PT J AU Riedijk, MA Stoll, B Chacko, S Schierbeek, H Sunehag, AL van Goundoever, JB Burrin, DG AF Riedijk, Maaike A. Stoll, Barbara Chacko, Shaji Schierbeek, Henk Sunehag, Agneta L. van Goundoever, Johannes B. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration in the piglet gastrointestinal tract SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cystathionine beta-synthase; homocysteine; intestine ID INTESTINAL LYSINE METABOLISM; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; HOMOCYSTEINE REMETHYLATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; NEONATAL PIGLETS; DNA METHYLATION; RISK FACTOR; CYSTEINE; FOLATE; DIETARY AB Methionine is an indispensable sulfur amino acid that functions as a key precursor for the synthesis of homocysteine and cysteine. Studies in adult humans suggest that splanchnic tissues convert dietary methionine to homocysteine and cysteine by means of transmethylation and transsulfuration, respectively. Studies in piglets show that significant metabolism of dietary indispensable amino acids occurs in the gastrointestinal tissues (GIT), yet the metabolic fate of methionine in GIT is unknown. We show here that 20% of the dietary methionine intake is metabolized by the GIT in piglets implanted with portal and arterial catheters and fed milk formula. Based on analyses from intracluodenal and intravenous infusions of [1-C-13]methionine and [H-2(3)]methionine, we found that the whole-body methionine transmethylation and remethylation rates were significantly higher during duodenal than intravenous tracer infusion. First-pass splanchnic metabolism accounted for 18% and 43% of the whole-body transmethylation and remethylation, respectively. Significant transmethylation and transsulfuration was demonstrated in the GIT, representing approximate to 27% and approximate to 23% of whole-body fluxes, respectively. The methionine used by the GIT was metabolized into homocysteine (31%), CO2 (40%), or tissue protein (29%). Cystathionine)3-synthase mRNA and activity was present in multiple GITs, including intestinal epithelial cells, but was significantly lower than liver. We conclude that the GIT consumes 20% of the dietary methionine and is a significant site of net homocysteine production. Moreover, the GITs represent a significant site of whole-body transmethylation and transsulfuration, and these two pathways account for a majority of methionine used by the GITs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD033920, HD33920] NR 44 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 27 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 9 BP 3408 EP 3413 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607965104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 142PG UT WOS:000244661400069 PM 17360659 ER PT J AU Granneman, JG Moore, HPH Granneman, RL Greenberg, AS Obin, MS Zhu, ZX AF Granneman, James G. Moore, Hsiao-Ping H. Granneman, Rachel L. Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. Zhu, Zhengxian TI Analysis of lipolytic protein trafficking and interactions in adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; CHANARIN-DORFMAN-SYNDROME; LIPID STORAGE DROPLETS; PERILIPIN-A; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; RAT ADIPOCYTES; FLUORESCENCE COMPLEMENTATION; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; KINASE AB This work examined the colocalization, trafficking, and interactions of key proteins involved in lipolysis during brief cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Double label immunofluorescence analysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated that PKA activation increases the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to perilipin A (Plin)-containing droplets and increases the colocalization of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (Atgl) with its coactivator, Abhd5. Imaging of live 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with Aquorea victoria-based fluorescent reporters demonstrated that HSL rapidly and specifically translocates to lipid droplets (LDs) containing Plin, and that this translocation is partially dependent on Plin phosphorylation. HSL closely, if not directly, interacts with Plin, as indicated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments. In contrast, tagged Atg1 did not support FRET or BiFC with Plin, although it did modestly translocate to LDs upon stimulation. Abhd5 strongly interacted with Plin in the basal state, as indicated by FRET and BiFC. PKA activation rapidly (within minutes) decreased FRET between Abhd5 and Plin, and this decrease depended upon Plin phosphorylation. Together, these results indicate that Plin mediates hormone-stimulated lipolysis via direct and indirect mechanisms. Plin indirectly controls Atg1 activity by regulating accessibility to its coactivator, Abhd5. In contrast, Plin directly regulates the access of HSL to substrate via close, if not direct, interactions. The differential interactions of HSL and Atg1 with Plin and Abhd5 also explain the findings that following stimulation, HSL and Atg1 are differentially enriched at specific LDs. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Integrat Metab & Endocrine Res, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Behav Neurosci, Ctr Integrat Metab & Endocrine Res, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Granneman, JG (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Integrat Metab & Endocrine Res, 550 E Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM jgranne@med.wayne.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 62292] NR 33 TC 176 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 8 BP 5726 EP 5735 DI 10.1074/jbc.M610580200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 140CZ UT WOS:000244482300069 PM 17189257 ER PT J AU Lin, H Doddapaneni, H Takahashi, Y Walker, MA AF Lin, Hong Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Takahashi, Yuri Walker, M. Andrew TI Comparative analysis of ESTs involved in grape responses to Xylella fastidiosa infection SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; PIERCES-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; VITIS; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; LEAVES; PLANT; TRANSCRIPTOME AB Background: The gram-negative bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in grape as well as diseases of many fruit and ornamental plants. The current molecular breeding efforts have identified genetic basis of PD resistance in grapes. However, the transcriptome level characterization of the host response to this pathogen is lacking. Results: Twelve tissue specific subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries derived from a time course sampling scheme were constructed from stems, leaves and shoots of PD resistant and susceptible sibling genotypes (V. rupestris x V. arizonica) in response to Xf infection. A total of 5,794 sequences were obtained from these cDNA libraries from which 993 contigs and 949 singletons were derived. Using Gene Ontology ( GO) hierarchy, the non-redundant sequences were classified into the three principal categories: molecular function (30%), cellular components (9%) and biological processes (7%). Comparative analysis found variations in EST expression pattern between infected and non-infected PD resistant and PD susceptible grape genotypes. Among the three tissues, libraries from stem tissues showed significant differences in transcript quality suggesting their important role in grape-Xylella interaction. Conclusion: This study constitutes the first attempt to characterize the Vitis differential transcriptome associated with host-pathogen interactions from different explants and genotypes. All the generated ESTs have been submitted to GenBank and are also available through our website for further functional studies. C1 USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ehime Womens Coll, Dept Food Sci, Uwajima 7980025, Japan. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov; harsha@fresno.ars.usda.gov; takahashi@aitan.ac.jp; walker@ucdavis.edu NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD FEB 22 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-8 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150YM UT WOS:000245255500001 PM 17316447 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI A screening method for the identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds using a standard analytical approach for all plant materials SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE screening method; LC-DAD-ESI-MS; glycosylated flavonoids; phenolic compounds ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; ARRAY DETECTION; DIODE-ARRAY; VEGETABLES; SEPARATION; GLYCOSIDES; FRUITS; FOODS AB A screening method was developed for the systematic identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in plant food materials based on an initial, standard analytical method. This approach applies the same analytical scheme (aqueous methanol extraction, reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation, and diode array and mass spectrometric detection) to every sample and standard. This standard approach allows the cross-comparison of compounds in samples, standards, and plant materials previously identified in the published literature. Thus, every analysis contributes to a growing library of data for retention times and UV/vis and mass spectra. Without authentic standards, this method provides provisional identification of the phenolic compounds: identification of flavonoid backbones, phenolic acids, saccharides, and acyls but not the positions of the linkages between these subclasses. With standards, this method provides positive identification of the full compound: identification of subclasses and linkages. The utility of the screening method is demonstrated in this study by the identification of 78 phenolic compounds in cranberry, elder flower, Fuji apple peel, navel orange peel, and soybean seed. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Room 202B,Bldg 161,BARC-E,103000 Baltimore, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.harnly@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 41 TC 150 Z9 161 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1096 DI 10.1021/jf062431s PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700005 PM 17256956 ER PT J AU Lopez, MI Feldlaufer, MF Williams, AD Chu, PS AF Lopez, Mayda I. Feldlaufer, Mark F. Williams, Anthony D. Chu, Pak-Sin TI Determination and confirmation of nitrofuran residues in honey using LC-MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrofurans; honey; LC-MS/MS; method ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A method was developed for the determination and confirmation of furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin as their side-chain residues in honey using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). An initial solid-phase extraction cleanup of the honey samples was followed by overnight hydrolysis and derivatization of the nitrofuran side-chain residues with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. After pH adjustment and liquid-liquid extraction, the extracts were assayed by LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The method was validated at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ppb with accuracies of 92-103% and coefficients of variation of <= 10%. The lowest calibration standard used (0.25 ppb) was defined as the limit of quantitation for all four nitrofuran side-chain residues. The extracts and standards were also used for confirmatory purposes. Honey from dosed beehives was assayed to study the stability of the nitrofuran residues and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Lopez, MI (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Med, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mayda.lopez@fda.hhs.gov NR 9 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1108 DI 10.1021/jf0625715 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700007 PM 17253714 ER PT J AU Wong, JW Hennessy, MK Hayward, DG Krynitsky, AJ Cassias, I Schenck, FJ AF Wong, Jon W. Hennessy, Michael K. Hayward, Douglas G. Krynitsky, Alexander J. Cassias, Irene Schenck, Frank J. TI Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in dried ground ginseng root by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and -flame photometric detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng); Panax ginseng(Asian ginseng); ginseng root; capillary gas chromatography; mass spectrometry (GC-MS); gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD); organophosphorus pesticides (OPs); solid-phase dispersive cleanup ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; RESIDUES; METALS; ENHANCEMENT; FOOD AB A method was developed to determine organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in dried ground ginseng root. Pesticides were extracted from the sample using acetonitrile/water saturated with salts, followed by solid-phase dispersive cleanup, and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode (GC-MS/SIM) and flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) in phosphorus mode. The detection limits for most of the pesticides were 0.025-0.05 mu g/g using GC-FPD but were analyte-dependent for GC-MS/SIM, ranging from 0.005 to 0.50 mu g/g. Quantitation was determined from 0.050 to 5.0 mu g/g with r(2) > 0.99 for a majority of the pesticides using both detectors. Recovery studies were performed by fortifying the dried ground ginseng root samples to concentrations of 0.025, 0.1, and 1.0 mu g/g, resulting in recoveries of > 90% for most pesticides by GC-FPD. Lower (< 70%) and higher (> 120%) recoveries were most likely from complications of pesticide lability or volatility, matrix interference, or inefficient desorption from the solid-phase sorbents. There was difficulty in analyzing the ginseng samples for the OPs using GC-MS at the lower fortification levels for some of the OPs due to lack of confirmation. GC-FPD and GC-MS/SIM complement each other in detecting the OPs in dried ground ginseng root samples. This procedure was shown to be effective and was applied to the analysis of OPs in ginseng root samples. One particular sample, a ground and dried American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) root sample, was found to contain diazinon quantified at approximately 25 mu g/kg by external calibration using matrix-matched standards or standard addition using both detectors. The advantage of using both detectors is that confirmation can be achieved using GC-MS, whereas the use of a megabore column in GC-FPD can be used to quantitate some of the nonpolar OPs without the use of matrix-matched standards or standard addition. C1 USDA, Off Plant & Dairy Foods, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA, Off Regulatroy Affairs, Pacific Reg Lab SW, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. USDA, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Wong, JW (reprint author), USDA, Off Plant & Dairy Foods, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-336,5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jon.wong@fda.hhs.gov FU NIH HHS [Y1 OD 6412-01] NR 24 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1128 DI 10.1021/jf062774q PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700009 PM 17249685 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, PF Camargo, A Galmarini, CR Simon, PW AF Cavagnaro, Pablo F. Camargo, Alejandra Galmarini, Claudio R. Simon, Philipp W. TI Effect of cooking on garlic (Allium sativum L.) antiplatelet activity and thiosulfinates content SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; antiplatelet activity; thiosulfinates; allicin; pyruvate ID HUMAN PLATELET-AGGREGATION; ONION; RAW; INHIBITION; EXTRACT; SULFUR; BLOOD; ACID; CEPA; CHEMISTRY AB The raw form of garlic and some of its preparations are widely recognized as antiplatelet agents that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Herein, we examined the in-vitro antiaggregatory activity (IVAA) of human blood platelets induced by extracts of garlic samples that were previously heated (in the form of crushed versus uncrushed cloves) using different cooking methods and intensities. The concentrations of allicin and pyruvate, two predictors of antiplatelet strength, were also monitored. Oven-heating at 200 degrees C or immersing in boiling water for 3 min or less did not affect the ability of garlic to inhibit platelet aggregation (as compared to raw garlic), whereas heating for 6 min completely suppressed IVAA in uncrushed, but not in previously crushed, samples. The latter samples had reduced, yet significant, antiplatelet activity. Prolonged incubation (more than 10 min) at these temperatures completely suppressed IVAA. Microwaved garlic had no effect on platelet aggregation. However, increasing the concentration of garlic juice in the aggregation reaction had a positive IVAA dose response in crushed, but not in uncrushed, microwaved samples. The addition of raw garlic juice to microwaved uncrushed garlic restored a full complement of antiplatelet activity that was completely lost without the garlic addition. Garlic-induced IVAA was always associated with allicin and pyruvate levels. Our results suggest that (1) allicin and thiosulfinates are responsible for the IVAA response, (2) crushing garlic before moderate cooking can reduce the loss of activity, and (3) the partial loss of antithrombotic effect in crushed-cooked garlic may be compensated by increasing the amount consumed. C1 INTA EEA La Consulta, RA-5567 Mendoza, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INTA, EEA La Consulta, RA-5567 Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cuyo, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-5528 Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Galmarini, CR (reprint author), INTA EEA La Consulta, CC8, RA-5567 Mendoza, Argentina. EM crgalmarini@laconsulta.inta.gov.ar NR 36 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1280 EP 1288 DI 10.1021/jf062587s PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700032 PM 17256959 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Lu, SM Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Lu, Shengmin Harnly, James M. TI Detection and quantification of glycosylated flavonoid malonates in celery, Chinese celery, and celery seed by LC-DAD-ESI/MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chinese celery; celery and celery seeds; Apium graveolens L. and varieties; glycosylated flavonoids; flavonoid malonates; LC-DAD-ESI/MS ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; APIUM-GRAVEOLENS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; TRIFOLIUM-PRATENSE; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPHENOLS; ANTIOXIDANT AB A screening method using LC-DAD-ESI/MS was applied to the analysis of flavonoids in celery, Chinese celery, and celery seeds (Apium graveolens L. and varieties). Fifteen flavonoid glycosides were detected in the three celery materials. They were identified as luteolin 7-O-apiosylglucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-apiosylglucoside, chrysoeriol 7-O-apiosylglucoside, chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside, and more than 10 malonyl derivatives of these glycosides. The identification of the malonyl derivatives was confirmed by their conversion into glycosides upon heating and by comparison of some of the malonates with malonates that had previously been identified in red bell pepper and parsley. The concentrations of the glycosides and the malonyl glycosides in the three materials were estimated by comparison to aglycone standards. This is the first report of the presence of these glycosylated flavonoid malonates in celery. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Zhejiang Wanli Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ninbo 315100, Peoples R China. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM harnly@bhnrc.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 28 TC 43 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1326 DI 10.1021/jf0624796 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700038 PM 17253711 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Harman-Fetcho, JA Sadeghi, AM McConnell, LL Coffman, CB Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, A Starr, JL McCarty, GW Herbert, RR Hapeman, CJ AF Rice, Pamela J. Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. Sadeghi, Ali M. McConnell, Laura L. Coffman, C. Benjamin Teasdale, John R. Abdul-Baki, Aref Starr, James L. McCarty, Gregory W. Herbert, Rachel R. Hapeman, Cathleen J. TI Reducing insecticide and fungicide loads in runoff from plastic mulch with vegetative-covered furrows SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE production practices; pesticide; agrochemical; endosulfan; chlorothalonil; esfenvalerate; runoff; soil erosion; plastic mulch; polyethylene mulch; vegetable production; vegetative mulch; insecticide; fungicide ID VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; NITROGEN RELEASE; SOIL-EROSION; PESTICIDES; FIELD; SEDIMENT; FENVALERATE; ENDOSULFAN; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT AB A common management practice for the production of fresh-market vegetables utilizes polyethylene (plastic) mulch because it increases soil temperature, decreases weed pressure, maintains soil moisture, and minimizes soil contact with the product. However, rain events afford much more erosion and runoff because 50-75% of the field is covered with an impervious surface. A plot study was conducted to compare and to quantify the off-site movement of soil, insecticides, and fungicides associated with runoff from plots planted with Sunbeam tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) using the conventional polyethylene mulch management practice vs an alternative management practicepolyethylene mulch-covered beds with cereal rye (Secale cereale) planted in the furrows between the beds. The use of cereal rye-covered furrows with the conventional polyethylene system decreased runoff volume by more than 40%, soil erosion by more than 80%, and pesticide loads by 48-74%. Results indicate that vegetative furrows are critical to minimizing the negative aspects of this management practice. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1384 DI 10.1021/jf062107x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700045 PM 17243696 ER PT J AU Fish, WW AF Fish, Wayne W. TI Novel procedure for the extraction and concentration of carotenoid-containing chromoplasts from selected plant systems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; chromoplasts; lycopene; beta-carotene; chromoplast extraction; SDS; chromoplast precipitation; acetonitrile ID BETA-CAROTENE; LYCOPENE AB Natural sources of carotenoids for nutraceutical use are desired by the food industry as a result of the increased production of convenience and other highly processed foods. As new physiological roles are discovered for some of the minor carotenoids that are found in only small amounts in present sources, the need for discovery of new sources will amplify. Thus, a method is needed that will effectively and gently concentrate carotenoids from potential new sources for subsequent identification and analysis. A procedure is presented by which carotenoid-containing tissue chromoplasts can be extracted and subsequently concentrated by precipitation, all in an aqueous milieu. The chromoplasts are extracted and solubilized with 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water. The addition of a nominally equal volume of acetonitrile to the chromoplasts in SDS immediately precipitates the chromoplasts out of solution with generally > 90% recovery. Carotenoids contained in the concentrated, still-intact chromoplasts can then be solubilized by organic solvent extraction for subsequent analysis. This methodology offers a means to effectively and gently concentrate carotenoids from fruit tissues where yields are often low (e.g., yellow watermelon). C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Fish, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM wfish-usda@lane-ag.org NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1486 EP 1490 DI 10.1021/jf0626213 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700060 PM 17300157 ER PT J AU Pagan-Rodriguez, D O'Keefe, M Deyrup, C Zervos, P Walker, H Thaler, A AF Pagan-Rodriguez, Doritza O'Keefe, Margaret Deyrup, Cindy Zervos, Penny Walker, Harry Thaler, Alice TI Cadmium and lead residue control in a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) environment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; lead; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) ID EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; ELEMENTS AB In 2003-2004, the U. S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) conducted an exploratory assessment to determine the occurrence and levels of cadmium and lead in randomly collected samples of kidney, liver, and muscle tissues of mature chickens, boars/stags, dairy cows, and heifers. The data generated in the study were qualitatively compared to data that FSIS gathered in a 1985-1986 study in order to identify trends in the levels of cadmium and lead in meat and poultry products. The exploratory assessment was necessary to verify that Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plans and efforts to control exposure to these heavy metals are effective and result in products that meet U. S. export requirements. A comparison of data from the two FSIS studies suggests that the incidence and levels of cadmium and lead in different slaughter classes have remained stable since the first study was conducted in 1985-1986. This study was conducted to fulfill FSIS mandate to ensure that meat, poultry, and egg products entering commerce in the United States are free of adulterants, including elevated levels of environmental contaminants such as cadmium and lead. C1 USDA, Zoonot Dis & Residue Surveillance Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pagan-Rodriguez, D (reprint author), USDA, Zoonot Dis & Residue Surveillance Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM doritza.pagan-rodriguez@fsis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1638 EP 1642 DI 10.1021/jf062979z PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 136EZ UT WOS:000244206700081 PM 17249686 ER PT J AU Li, L Blanco, M Jane, J AF Li, Li Blanco, Michael Jane, Jay-lin TI Physicochemical properties of endosperm and pericarp starches during maize development SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE corn starch; endosperm starch; pericarp starch; starch development ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; BRANCHING ENZYME; GELATINIZATION; RICE; SYNTHASE; WAXY; EXPRESSION; ISOFORM; AMYLOSE; POTATO AB Endosperm starch and pericarp starch were isolated from maize (B73) kernels at different developmental stages. Starch granules, with small size (2-4 pm diameter), were first observed in the endosperm on 5 days after pollination (DAP). The size ofendosperm-starch granules remained similar until 12DAP, but the number increased extensively. A substantial increase in granule size was observed from 14DAP (diameter 4-7 mu m) to 30DAP (diameterl 0-23 mu m). The size of starch granules on 30DAP is similar to that of the mature and dried endosperm-starch granules harvested on 45DAP. The starch content of the endosperm was little before 12DAP (less than 2%) and increased rapidly from 10.7% on 14DAP to 88.9% on 30DAP. The amylose content of the endosperm starch increased from 9.2%) on 14DAP to 24.2%) on 30DAP and 24.4%) on 45DAP (mature and dried). The average amylopectin branch chain-length of the endosperm amylopectin increased from DP23.6 on 10DAP to DP26.9 on 14DAP and then decreased to DP25.4 on 30DAP and DP24.9 on 45DAP. The onset gelatinization temperature of the endosperm starch increased from 61.3 degrees C on 8DAP to 69.0 degrees C on 14DAP and then decreased to 62.8 degrees C on 45DAP. The results indicated that the structure of endosperm starch was not synthesized consistently through the maturation of kernel. The pericarp starch, however, showed similar granule size, starch content, amylose content, amylopectin structure and thermal properties at different developmental stages of the kernel. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jane, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjane@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 48 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.08.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 135HV UT WOS:000244145600020 ER PT J AU Moravec, T Schmidt, MA Herman, EM Woodford-Thomas, T AF Moravec, Tomas Schmidt, Monica A. Herman, Eliot M. Woodford-Thomas, Terry TI Production of Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT) B subunit in soybean seed and analysis of its immunogenicity as an oral vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE microbial toxin; plant-bascd vaccines; transgenic soybean seed ID CHOLERA-TOXIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ENTEROTOXIN LT; FUSION PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MICE; ADJUVANT; ANTIGEN; GENE AB The B Subunit of the heat labile toxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB) Was used as a model immunogen for production in soybean seed. LTB expression was directed to the endoplasinic reticulum (ER) of seed storage parenchyma cells for sequestration in de novo synthesized inert protein accretions derived front the ER. Pentameric LTB accumulated to 2.4% of the total seed protein at maturity and was stable in desiccated seed. LTB-soybean extracts administered orally to mice induced both systemic IgG and I-A, and mucosal IgA antibody responses, and was particularly efficacious when used in a parenteral prime-oral gavage boost immunization strategy. Sera from immunized mice blocked ligand binding in vitro and immunized mice exhibited partial protection against LT challenge. Moreover, soybean-expressed LTB stimulated the antibody response against a co-administered antigen by 500-fold. These results demonstrate the utility of soybean as an efficient production platform for vaccines that can be used for oral delivery. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Woodford-Thomas, T (reprint author), Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM tthomas@danforthcenter.org RI Moravec, Tomas/J-6628-2012; Woodford-Thomas, Terry/M-2854-2013 NR 57 TC 82 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1647 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.010 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 135MX UT WOS:000244158800009 PM 17188785 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Prasher, SO Wang, SL Kim, SH Tan, CS Drury, C Patel, RM AF Yang, Chun-Chieh Prasher, Shiv O. Wang, Shaoli Kim, Seung Hyun Tan, Chin S. Drury, Craig Patel, Ramanbhai M. TI Simulation of nitrate-N movement in southern Ontario, Canada with DRAINMOD-N SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DRAINMOD-N; nitrate; pollution; water-table management ID WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT; COLD CONDITIONS; DRAINAGE; QUALITY; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; MODEL; SOIL AB DRAINMOD-N, a mathematical model to predict nitrate-N concentrations in surface runoff and drain outflows from subsurface-drained farmlands, has been tested against field data collected in southern Ontario. The data was collected in a corn field from 16 conventional drainage and subirrigation plots in Woodslee, Ontario, from 1992 to 1994. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the observed and simulated nitrate-N concentrations in surface runoff and drain outflows. A precise calculation of water-table depth is an essential prerequisite for a model to obtain a proper prediction of nitrate-N movement. For the simulation of water-table depth, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 173 mm and 0.51 for the subirrigation plots; and 178 mm and 0.84 for the subsurface drainage plots. Therefore, the performance of DRAINMOD-N for soil hydrologic simulations was satisfactory and it could be used for assessing nitrogen fate and transport. For the simulation of nitrate-N losses in the subirrigation plots, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 0.74 kg/ha and 0.98 for surface runoff; and 6.53 kg/ha and 0.91 for drain outflow. For the simulation in the subsurface drainage plots, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 0.70 kg/ha and 0.96 for surface runoff, and 6.91 kg/ha and 0.92 for drain outflow. The results show that DRAINMOD-N can perform satisfactory simulation of soil hydrology and nitrate-N losses in surface runoff under various water-table management practices. The model can, therefore, be used to evaluate different water pollution scenarios and help in the development and testing of various pollution control strategies for fields in cold weather such as that in southern Canada. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower, Dept Irrigat & Drainage, Beijing, Peoples R China. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Coll Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM yangc@ba.ars.usda.gov; shiv.prasher@mcgill.ca; shaoliw@iwhr.com; kimsh@ynucc.yeungnam.ac.kr; tanc@em.agr.ca; druryc@em.agr.ca; ramanbhai.patel@mcgill.ca NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB 16 PY 2007 VL 87 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.009 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 130UR UT WOS:000243825000008 ER PT J AU Pan, ZQ Rimando, AM Baerson, SR Fishbein, M Duke, SO AF Pan, Zhiqiang Rimando, Agnes M. Baerson, Scott R. Fishbein, Mark Duke, Stephen O. TI Functional characterization of desaturases involved in the formation of the terminal double bond of an unusual 16 : 3 Delta(9,12,15) fatty acid isolated from Sorghum bicolor root hairs SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRIGA-ASIATICA; SORGOLEONE; GENE; EXPRESSION; EXUDATE; STRATEGIES; INHIBITOR; DELTA-12 AB Sorgoleone, produced in root hair cells of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), is likely responsible for much of the allelopathic properties of sorghum root exudates against broadleaf and grass weeds. Previous studies suggest that the biosynthetic pathway of this compound initiates with the synthesis of an unusual 16:3 fatty acid possessing a terminal double bond. The corresponding fatty acyl-CoA serves as a starter unit for polyketide synthases, resulting in the formation of 5-pentadecatrienyl resorcinol. This resorcinolic intermediate is then methylated by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferase and subsequently dihydroxylated, yielding the reduced (hydroquinone) form of sorgoleone. To characterize the corresponding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the 16:3 fatty acyl-CoA precursor, we identified and cloned three putative fatty acid desaturases, designated SbDES1, SbDES2, and SbDES3, from an expressed sequence tag (EST) data base prepared from isolated root hairs. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that these three genes were preferentially expressed in sorghum root hairs where the 16:2 and 16:3 fatty acids were exclusively localized. Heterologous expression of the cDNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that recombinant SbDES2 converted palmitoleic acid (16:1 Delta(9)) to hexadecadienoic acid (16:2 Delta(9,12)), and that recombinant SbDES3 was capable of converting hexadecadienoic acid into hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3 Delta(9,12,15)). Unlike other desaturases reported to date, the double bond introduced by SbDES3 occurred between carbons 15 and 16 resulting in a terminal double bond aliphatic chain. Collectively, the present results strongly suggest that these fatty acid desaturases represent key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the allelochemical sorgoleone. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Pan, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM zpan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 7 BP 4326 EP 4335 DI 10.1074/jbc.M606343200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 140CX UT WOS:000244482000012 PM 17178719 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, T Miller, S AF Tworkoski, T. Miller, S. TI Rootstock effect on growth of apple scions with different growth habits SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica; size-controlling rootstock; architecture; bud break; flowering ID TREES AB Apple scions with diverse growth habits were grafted on various size-controlling rootstocks and morphological characteristics were measured after 6 years of growth in the field. Scion had more influence than rootstock on monthly growth rate. Across all rootstocks, scions with spreading growth habits grew rapidly in April and May and achieved most seasonal growth earlier than scions with upright growth habits that grew slowly early in the season. In all growth habits and rootstocks, growth rate slowed appreciably but did not cease by August and growth did not terminate earlier for any one scion-rootstock combination. Across all scions, the dwarfing rootstock, M.9, consistently had the lowest and seedling rootstock had the greatest tree height and trunk diameter. However, no one size-controlling rootstock consistently influenced dates of bud break and full bloom, shoot elongation rate, or duration of growth. Tree growth form was not fundamentally affected by rootstock. Significant interactions indicated that effects of size-controlling rootstock on components of shoot growth will vary with apple tree growth habit. These effects on phenology and development can be significant to growers and may assist breeders in developing new apple cultivars. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 16 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 335 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.10.034 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 141KX UT WOS:000244578400005 ER PT J AU Ferreira, G Mertens, DR AF Ferreira, Gonzalo Mertens, David R. TI Measuring detergent fibre and insoluble protein in corn silage using crucibles or filter bags SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutral detergent fibre; insoluble crude protein; fibre analysis ID FEEDS AB Different methods exist for the determination of fibre concentration in feeds. To determine, whether fibre recovery and the contamination of fibre by nitrogenous compounds are altered, we measured fibre concentrations in a diverse set of corn silages using three method modifications and two extraction/filtration systems. Thirty-three corn silages, obtained from a commercial feed analysis laboratory, were dried (55 degrees C for 24 h) and ground to pass through a 1-mm, screen of a cutter mill before analysis. All samples were extracted in neutral detergent with the inclusion of sodium sulphite (neutral detergent fibre or NDF), alpha-amylase (neutral detergent residue or NDR) or both (amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre or aNDF), and using either Gooch crucible (CRUC) or filter bag (FBAG) systems. The aNDF method obtained the lowest and similar average fibre concentrations for both CRUC and FBAG (433 and 433 g/kg, respectively). Fibre concentration of NDR was greater (456 and 449 g/kg for CRUC and FBAG, respectively) than aNDF. Fibre concentration was greater for NDF (473 g/kg) than for NDR and aNDF (449 and 433 g/kg, respectively) when using FBAG. Poor extraction occurred for FBAG when a-amylase was not used. For CRUC, NDF and NDR concentrations were similar (456 g/kg), although filtration of fibre residue after extraction without a-amylase was difficult. Neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (ICP) was similar for NDF and aNDF, and slightly greater FBAG than for CRUC systems (8.4 and 9.6 g/kg, respectively). With both FBAG and CRUC, ICP was greater for NDR determined without sulphite (12.5 and 14.2 g/kg, respectively) than for aNDF (8.6 and 9.7 g/kg, respectively). The lower fibre concentration for aNDF method was attributed to less starch contamination when compared to NDF and to less protein contamination and possibly to extraction of phenolic compounds when compared to NDR. Concentration of acid detergent fibre (ADF) was greater for CRUC than for FBAG, although this difference was minimal (266 and 261 g/kg, respectively). Acid detergent ICP was similar for CRUC and FBAG systems and averaged 4 g/kg. We observed that amylase and sulphite affect the measurement of NDF concentration in corn silage. It is crucial that authors and laboratories accurately describe how they measure NDF and clearly indicate by acronym the method they used. Although the extraction/filtration system did not affect the determination of NDR and aNDF, the FBAG system generated higher NDF concentrations for corn silage when amylase is not used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ferreira, G (reprint author), Casilla Correo 115, RA-6070 Lincoln, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM gferreira@nutrep.com NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.04.010 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 136OD UT WOS:000244233100012 ER PT J AU Campbell, GA Uknalis, J Tu, SI Mutharasan, R AF Campbell, Gossett A. Uknalis, Joe Tu, Shu-I Mutharasan, Raj TI Detect of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef samples using piezoelectric excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE resonance frequency; mass change; flow cell ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; MAGNETIC BEADS; LAPS; CELL AB Piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors consisting of a piezoelectric and a borosilicate glass layer with a sensing area of 4 mm(2) were fabricated. An antibody specific to Escherichia coli (anti-E. coli) O157:1-17 was immobilized on PEMC sensors, and exposed to samples containing E. coli O157:1-17 (EC) prepared in various matrices: (1) broth, broth plus raw ground beef, and broth plus sterile ground beef without inoculation of E. coli O157:H7 served as controls, (2) 100mL of broth inoculated with 25 EC cells, (3) 100mL of broth containing 25 g of raw ground beef and (4) 100 mL of broth with 25 g of sterile ground beef inoculated with 25 EC cells. The total resonant frequency change obtained for the broth plus EC samples were 16 +/- 2 Hz (n = 2), 30 Hz (n = 1), and 54 2 Hz (n = 2) corresponding to 2, 4, and 6 h growth at 37 degrees C, respectively. The response to the broth plus 25 g of sterile ground beef plus EC cells were 21 +/- 2 Hz (n = 2), 37 Hz (n = 1), and 70 +/- 2 Hz (n = 2) corresponding to 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. In all cases, the three different control samples yielded a frequency change of O(2) Hz (n = 6). The E. coli O157:H7 concentration in each broth and beef samples was determined by both plating and by pathogen modeling program. The results indicate that the PENIC sensor detects E. coli O157:H7 reliably at 50-100 cells/mL with a 3 mL sample. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mutharasan, R (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mutharasan@drexel.edu RI Mutharasan, Raj/H-2676-2013 OI Mutharasan, Raj/0000-0002-3734-5438 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [5R01EB000720] NR 18 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1296 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.05.028 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 138TM UT WOS:000244385400015 PM 16831542 ER PT J AU Voetsch, AC Angulo, FJ Jones, TF Moore, MR Nadon, C McCarthy, P Shiferaw, B Megginson, MB Hurd, S Anderson, BJ Cronquist, A Vugia, DJ Medus, C Segler, S Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Griffin, PM AF Voetsch, Andrew C. Angulo, Frederick J. Jones, Timothy F. Moore, Matthew R. Nadon, Celine McCarthy, Patrick Shiferaw, Beletshachew Megginson, Melanie B. Hurd, Sharon Anderson, Bridget J. Cronquist, Alicia Vugia, Duc J. Medus, Carlota Segler, Suzanne Graves, Lewis M. Hoekstra, Robert M. Griffin, Patricia M. CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Emergin TI Reduction in the incidence of invasive listeriosis in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network sites, 1996-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; RAW-MILK CHEESE; UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; FOODNET AB Background. Listeriosis is a leading cause of death among patients with foodborne diseases in the United States. Monitoring disease incidence is an important element of listeriosis surveillance and control. Method. We conducted population-based surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from normally sterile sites at all clinical diagnostic laboratories in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network from 1996 through 2003. Results. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed invasive listeriosis decreased by 24% from 1996 through 2003; pregnancy-associated disease decreased by 37%, compared with a decrease of 23% for patients >= 50 years old. The highest incidence was reported among Hispanic persons from 1997 through 2001. Differences in incidence by age group and ethnicity may be explained by dietary preferences. Conclusion. The marked decrease in the incidence of listeriosis may be related to the decrease in the prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods since 1996. The crude incidence in 2003 of 3.1 cases per 1 million population approaches the government's Healthy People objective of 2.5 cases per 1 million population by 2005. Further decreases in listeriosis incidence will require continued efforts of industry and government to reduce contamination of food and continued efforts to educate consumers and clinicians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. RP Voetsch, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E 46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AVoetsch@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1086/511006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 127PB UT WOS:000243597700009 PM 17243053 ER PT J AU Li, H Pereira, TR Teppen, BJ Laird, DA Johnston, CT Boyd, SA AF Li, Hui Pereira, Tanya R. Teppen, Brian J. Laird, David A. Johnston, Cliff T. Boyd, Stephen A. TI Ionic strength-induced formation of smectite quasicrystals enhances nitroaromatic compound sorption SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER MODELS; CLAY-MINERALS; PESTICIDE SORPTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTION; MECHANISMS; MONTMORILLONITE; PHENANTHRENE; EXPLOSIVES AB Sorption of organic contaminants by soils is a determinant controlling their transport and fate in the environment. The influence of ionic strength on nitroaromatic compound sorption by K+- and Ca2+-saturated smectite was examined. Sorption of 1,3-dinitrobenzene by K-smectite increased as KCl ionic strength increased from 0.01 to 0.30 M. In contrast, sorption by Ca-smectite at CaCl2 ionic strengths of 0.015 and 0.15 M remained essentially the same. The "salting-out" effect on the decrease of 1,3-dinitrobenzene aqueous solubility within this ionic strength range was < 1.5% relative to the solubility in pure water. This decrease of solubility is insufficient to account for the observed increase of sorption by K-smectite with increasing KCl ionic strength. X-ray diffraction patterns and light absorbance of K-clay suspensions indicated the aggregation of clay particles and the formation of quasicrystal structures as KCl ionic strength increased. Sorption enhancement is attributed to the formation of better-ordered K-clay quasicrystals with reduced interlayer distances rather than to the salting-out effect. Dehydration of 1,3-dinitrobenzene is apparently a significant driving force for sorption, and we show for the first time that sorption of small, planar, neutral organic molecules, namely, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, causes previously expanded clay interlayers to dehydrate and collapse in aqueous suspension. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lihui@msu.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1256 DI 10.1021/es062274d PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135NZ UT WOS:000244161600033 PM 17593727 ER PT J AU Gargiulo, G Bradford, SA Simunek, J Ustohal, P Vereecken, H Klumpp, E AF Gargiulo, G. Bradford, S. A. Simunek, J. Ustohal, P. Vereecken, H. Klumpp, E. TI Transport and deposition of metabolically active and stationary phase Deinococcus radiodurans in unsaturated porous media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-INTERFACE; CELL-SURFACE; ADHESION; BACTERIA; HYDROPHOBICITY; STARVATION; COLLOIDS AB Bioremediation is a cost-efficient cleanup technique that involves the use of metabolically active bacteria to degrade recalcitrant pollutants. To further develop this technique it is important to understand the migration and deposition behavior of metabolically active bacteria in unsaturated soils. Unsaturated transport experiments were therefore performed using Deinococcus radiodurans cells that were harvested during the log phase and continuously supplied with nutrients during the experiments. Additional experiments were conducted using this bacterium in the stationary phase. Different water saturations were considered in these studies, namely 100 (only stationary phase), 80, and 40%. Results from this study clearly indicated that the physiological state of the bacteria influenced its transport and deposition in sands. Metabolically active bacteria were more hydrophobic and exhibited greater deposition than bacteria in the stationary phase, especially at a water saturation of 40%. The breakthrough curves for active bacteria also had low concentration tailing as a result of cell growth of retained bacteria that were released into the liquid phase. Collected breakthrough curves and deposition profiles were described using a model that simultaneously considers both chemical attachment and physical straining. New concepts and hypotheses were formulated in this model to include biological aspects associated with bacteria growth inside the porous media. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gargiulo, G (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM g.gargiulo@fz-juelich.de RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1265 EP 1271 DI 10.1021/es062854a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135NZ UT WOS:000244161600035 PM 17593729 ER PT J AU Wayman, RB North, M AF Wayman, Rebecca Bewley North, Malcolm TI Initial response of a mixed-conifer understory plant community to burning and thinning restoration treatments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; plant diversity; Sierra Nevada; slash; Teakettle Experiment ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; SPECIES DIVERSITY; ROOT COMPETITION; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PATTERNS; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and three post-treatment years using a full-factorial combination of burning and thinning treatments. Treatments significantly changed species composition through a highly localized combination of disturbance intensity interacting with pre-treatment vegetation patches. Pre-treatment richness was most significantly associated with soil moisture; after treatments additional variables became associated with richness and cover. Neither burning nor thinning alone significantly increased richness or cover. Species that increased significantly in cover were associated with conditions of burn/thin combinations: increased light and soil moisture caused by thinning, and burning's reduction of litter, slash, and shrub cover. Our study suggests that the means by which forests are restored affects understory diversity and cover. Prescribed fire was most effective for increasing understory diversity and reducing shrub cover, but when applied off-season, additional fuels provided by mechanical thinning increased burn area and intensity, reducing litter and slash and increasing herb richness and abundance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd Ave,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rbewleywayman@yahoo.com; mpnorth@ucdavis.edu NR 58 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 239 IS 1-3 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.11.011 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 135LM UT WOS:000244155100004 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, PG Friday, JB Idol, T Dudley, N Haraguchi, J Meason, D AF Scowcroft, Paul G. Friday, J. B. Idol, Travis Dudley, Nicklos Haraguchi, Janis Meason, Dean TI Growth response of Acacia koa trees to thinning, grass control, and phosphorus fertilization in a secondary forest in Hawai'i SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE restoration; silviculture; P limitation; subtropical lower montane wet forest; live crown ratio ID RESOURCE USE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LEAF-AREA; STANDS; PRODUCTIVITY; CHRONOSEQUENCE; LIBERATION; EFFICIENCY; DYNAMICS; HARDWOOD AB Koa (Acacia koa A. Gray) is an endemic Hawaiian hardwood tree of high ecological, cultural and economic value. Despite its multiple values, research on the silviculture of koa has been minimal until recently because the preferred land-use was pasture for livestock, and logging was done mainly to facilitate and reduce the costs of conversion. This study examined growth response of selected potential crop trees to three treatments: (1) thinning of surrounding non-crop koa trees; (2) herbicide control of exotic grasses; and (3) herbicide grass control plus phosphorus (P) fertilization. These treatments were applied in a split-plot design to a 24-year-old stand of koa located at 1700-m elevation on the island of Hawaii. Treatments had variable effects on stem diameter increment of crop trees, measured at breast height during the second and third years after treatments were imposed. Neither thinning alone nor grass control alone significantly increased stem diameter increment or leaf nutrient concentrations of crop trees, or soil nitrogen (N) or P availability. Grass control in combination with P fertilization in the unthinned plots increased stem increment by 50% compared with unthinned control subplots, but again not significantly so. In these unthinned plots, grass control plus P fertilization greatly increased soil P availability and foliar P, but not those of other nutrients. Thinning in combination with grass control and P fertilization significantly increased annual diameter increment at breast height by 118%. Crown vigor and live crown to total tree height ratio were correlated with crop tree growth rate, which emphasizes the need to select crop trees that have healthy, full crowns and maintain a high live crown ratio, in addition to straight, defect-free stems. Overall, our results suggest that the benefits of release thinning of intermediate age koa crop trees on similar sites can be enhanced when combined with weed control and fertilization. Although even greater benefits might be realized if treatments are imposed before crown vigor and live crown ratio decline, the timing will need to be balanced against higher cost of thinning denser stands and the ability of managers to identify potential crop trees. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Scowcroft, PG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pscowcroft@fs.fed.us OI Meason, Dean/0000-0002-7592-0827 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 239 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.11.009 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 135LM UT WOS:000244155100007 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Spetich, MA Stambaugh, MC AF Guyette, R. P. Spetich, M. A. Stambaugh, M. C. TI "Historic fire regime dynamics and forcing factors in the Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA" (vol 234, pg 293, 2006) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA Forest Sci, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Missouri Tree Ring Lab, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Clark, Stacy/I-3410-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 239 IS 1-3 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.11.001 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 135LM UT WOS:000244155100023 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Kung, KJS AF Gish, T. J. Kung, K. -J S. TI Procedure for quantifying a solute flux to a shallow perched water table SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE water quality; chemical transport; travel times; preferential flow ID SUBSURFACE FLOW PATHWAYS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; TILE DRAINS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELD-SCALE; SOIL; TRANSPORT; PESTICIDE; TRACERS; YIELD AB In order to comprehend the mechanism of solute transport and to develop predictive models, it is critical to first develop an accurate monitoring protocol to monitor the field-scale solute mass flux through an undisturbed soil profile. A total solute flux monitoring protocol recently developed for tile-drained systems was extended to a coarse loamy sand soil with a perched water table located at 1.68 m. Three mobile tracers were applied to a 28.2 m(2) area around an observation well at different times to quantify chemical transport. The first tracer, bromide (0.106 kg Br m(-2)) Was Surface broadcast applied around the observation well 1.5 days before the irrigation at 4.1 min h(-1) was initiated. The second tracer, chloride (0.518 kg Cl m(-2)) was surface broadcast immediately before irrigation was initiated, while the third tracer pentafluorobenzoic acid (0.167 kg PFBA m(-2)) was applied 7 h after irrigation began. The water table height in the observation well was kept constant by pumping water out of the well from the water table interface, while the water table height below the well pumping depth (1.68 in) was continuously monitored. The soil water content profile for the top 1.8 in was also continuously monitored with a moisture capacitance probe (MCP). Shortly after irrigation began, water flows from the observation well increased slowly over the duration of the study while the pressure transducer data indicated a near constant water table height near the well. Flux results from the study show that: 1) this protocol successfully recovered over 97% of all three surface applied tracers; 2) at 4.1 mm h(-1) over half of the surface-applied tracers were recovered at a depth of 1.68 in after only 280 mm of irrigation; 3) by the time piston flow theory predicted the front would reach the 1.68 m depth, 80% of the applied tracers had already leached through the soil profile, and 4) at this location, the solute fluxes were dominated by preferential flow when subjected to a 4.1 mm h(-1) irrigation rate. These preliminary results suggest this procedure may be a useful tool for quantifying a total solute transport flux in non tile-drained soils with a shallow or perched water table. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tgish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.10.014 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 144KQ UT WOS:000244795300007 ER PT J AU Heartsill-Scalley, T Scatena, FN Estrada, C McDowell, WH Lugo, AE AF Heartsill-Scalley, T. Scatena, F. N. Estrada, C. McDowell, W. H. Lugo, A. E. TI Disturbance and long-term patterns of rainfall and throughfall nutrient fluxes in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; long-term; rainfall and throughfall; nutrient fluxes; subtropical forest; Puerto Rico ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; BISLEY EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS; TOTAL DISSOLVED NITROGEN; SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; BULK PRECIPITATION; HURRICANE-HUGO; COSTA-RICA; TROPICAL FOREST; INTERCEPTION; EVAPORATION AB Nutrient fluxes in rainfall and throughfall were measured weekly in a mature subtropical wet forest in NE Puerto Rico over a 15-year period that included the effects of 10 named tropical storms, several prolonged dry periods, and volcanic activity in the region. Mean annual rainfall and throughfall were 3482 and 2131 mm yr(-1), respectively. Average annual rainfall and throughfall fluxes of K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Na, and SO4-S were similar but somewhat larger than those reported for most tropical forests. Rainfall inputs of nitrogen were comparatively tow and reflect the relative isolation of the airshed. More constituents had seasonal differences in rainfall fluxes (6 out of 12) than throughfall fluxes (4 out of 12) and all volume weighted throughfall enrichment ratios calculated for the 15-year period were greater than one. However, median weekly enrichment ratios were less than 1 for sea salts and dissolved organic carbon, between 1 and 2 for Mg, Ca, SiO2 and SO4-S, and greater than 10 for NH4-N, PO4-P, and K. Droughts tended to reduce enrichment ratios of cations and sea-salts, but increased enrichment ratios of NH4-N, PO4-P, and K. In the weeks following hurricanes and tropical storms, relative throughfall tended to be higher and enrichment ratios tended to be lower. Saharan dust and the activity of Caribbean volcanoes can also be detected in the time series. Nevertheless, the impacts of particular events are variable and modified by the magnitude of the event, the pre- and post-event rainfall, and the time since the previous event. Rainfall, throughfall, rainfall pH, and rainfall fluxes of seven constituents had decreasing trends over the 15-year period. However, these decreases were small, less than inter-annual and annual variations, and not considered to be ecologically significant. These tong-term observations indicate that physical and biological processes associated with water passing through the canopy act to buffer internal nutrient cycles from inter-annual and seasonal variations in rainfall inputs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Heartsill-Scalley, T (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM heartsill@sas.upenn.edu RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Heartsill Scalley, Tamara/0000-0003-0550-4147 NR 48 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 333 IS 2-4 BP 472 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.019 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 135NS UT WOS:000244160900023 ER PT J AU Gingras, AA White, PJ Chouinard, PY Julien, P Davis, TA Dombrowski, L Couture, Y Dubreuil, P Myre, A Bergeron, K Marette, A Thivierge, MC AF Gingras, Andree-Anne White, Phillip James Chouinard, P. Yvan Julien, Pierre Davis, Teresa A. Dombrowski, Luce Couture, Yvon Dubreuil, Pascal Myre, Alexandre Bergeron, Karen Marette, Andre Thivierge, M. Carole TI Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signalling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; LACTATING COWS; NEONATAL PIGS; BEEF-STEERS; DIETARY-FAT; RAT-LIVER; MEMBRANE AB The ability of the skeletal musculature to use amino acids to build or renew constitutive proteins is gradually lost with age and this is partly due to a decline in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Since long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) from fish oil are known to improve insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant states, their potential role in regulating insulin-mediated protein metabolism was investigated in this study. Experimental data are based on a switchback design composed of three 5 week experimental periods using six growing steers to compare the effect of a continuous abomasal infusion of LCn-3PUFA-rich menhaden oil with an iso-energetic control oil mixture. Clamp and insulin signalling observations were combined with additional data from a second cohort of six steers. We found that enteral LCn-3PUFA potentiate insulin action by increasing the insulin-stimulated whole-body disposal of amino acids from 152 to 308 mu mol kg(-1) h(-1) (P = 0.006). The study further showed that in the fed steady-state, chronic adaptation to LCn-3PUFA induces greater activation (P < 0.05) of the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 signalling pathway. Simultaneously, whole-body total flux of phenylalanine was reduced from 87 to 67 mu mol kg(-1) h(-1) (P = 0.04) and oxidative metabolism was decreased (P = 0.05). We conclude that chronic feeding of menhaden oil provides a novel nutritional mean to enhance insulin-sensitive aspects of protein metabolism. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Foods, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. CHU Laval, Lipid Res Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. RP Thivierge, MC (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM carole.thivierge@san.ulaval.ca RI Marette, Andre/E-9342-2013; OI White, Phillip/0000-0002-0957-425X FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 50 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3751 J9 J PHYSIOL-LONDON JI J. Physiol.-London PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121079 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 134QS UT WOS:000244099400020 PM 17158167 ER PT J AU Tong, Q Hotamisligil, GS AF Tong, Qiang Hotamisligil, Goekhan S. TI Developmental biology - Cell fate in the mammary gland SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; GATA-3; FAMILY C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.tmc.edu; ghotamis@hsph.harvard.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7129 BP 724 EP 726 DI 10.1038/445724a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 136EK UT WOS:000244205200031 PM 17301782 ER EF