FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bastos, RG Johnson, WC Brown, WC Goff, WL AF Bastos, R. G. Johnson, W. C. Brown, W. C. Goff, W. L. TI Differential response of splenic monocytes and DC from cattle to microbial stimulation with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Babesia bovis merozoites SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; splenic dendritic cell; immature dendritic cell; cytokines; nitric oxide ID DENDRITIC CELL-POPULATIONS; AFFERENT LYMPH; IN-VITRO; REACTIVE OXYGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; DISTINCT POPULATIONS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PEYERS PATCH; IFN-GAMMA AB Both bovine peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and myeloid DC from afferent lymph have been described, but resident DC from other bovine tissues have not been fully characterized. The spleen as a secondary lymphoid organ is central to the innate and acquired immune response to various diseases particularly hemoprotozoan infections like babesiosis. Therefore, we developed methods to demonstrate the presence of myeloid DC from the spleen of cattle and have partially characterized a DC population as well as another myeloid cell population with monocyte characteristics. The phenotypic profile of each population was CD13(+)CD172a(+/-)CD14(-)CD11a(-)CD11b(+/-)CD11c(+) and CD172a(+)CD13(+/-)CD14(+)CD11a(-)CD1b(+/-)CD11c(+), respectively. The CD13(+) population was found exclusively in the spleen whereas the CD172a(+) population was present at the same percentage in the spleen and peripheral blood. CD13(+) cells developed a typical veiled appearance when in culture for 96 h. The two cell populations differed in their ability to produce nitric oxide and had a different pattern of cytokine mRNA when stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Babesia bovis merozoites. The data demonstrate the presence of a myeloid splenic DC with attributes consistent with an immature status. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wgoff@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 334 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.11.001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 138PH UT WOS:000244374200013 PM 17161869 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Klesius, PH AF Welker, Thomas L. Lim, Chhom Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Klesius, Phillip H. TI Growth, immune function, and disease and stress resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed graded levels of bovine lactoferrin SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE bovine lactoferrin; immune function; Nile tilapia; Streptococcus iniae; stress ID SEA BREAM; INFECTION; LYSOZYME; FISH AB Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticits) were fed nutritionally complete, practical basal diets supplemented with bovine lactoferrin (Lf) at 0, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg/kg diet to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, the effect of dietary Lf on growth performance, immune function, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae challenge and low-water stress was determined. Dietary Lf did not affect growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, or survival) or haematological parameters (haemoglobin, white and red blood cell counts, or haematocrit) (P > 0.05). Crowding stress produced significant increases in plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and osmolality from baseline values (P <= 0.001), but dietary Lf did not affect plasma glucose, osmolality, or cortisol concentrations (P > 0.05). The level of Lf in diet had a significant impact on survival following S. iniae challenge with fish fed the 800 mg/kg Lf diet having significantly higher survival than control fish (P <= 0.05). There was not a corresponding increase in activity of non-specific or specific immune parameters (plasma lysozyme and spontaneous haemolytic complement activities or agglutination antibody titer against S. iniae) with addition of Lf to diets (P > 0.05), but plasma iron decreased and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) increased significantly with increasing concentration of Lf in diet (P <= 0.05). The ability of Lf to sequester iron, an essential nutrient required for the growth of bacteria, is regarded as one of its key antibacterial properties. The increased survival with increasing dietary concentration of Lf seemed to correspond with a decrease in plasma iron concentration and not enhancement of non-specific or specific immune functions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.aqualculture.2006.09.036 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 138TD UT WOS:000244384500017 ER PT J AU Motha, RP AF Motha, Raymond P. TI Development of an agricultural weather policy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Contribution of Agriculture to the State of Climate CY SEP 27-30, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA DE sustainable agriculture; climate variability; climate change; agricultural weather policy AB Climate is one of the most important factors determining the sustainability of agricultural production systems. More emphasis must be placed on understanding the influence of changing climate conditions on sustainable agricultural systems, given the increasing limitations of the natural resource base. Agrometeorologists can play a leading role in bridging the gaps between the diverse multi-disciplinary fields of science, by reaching out to farmers, extension service personnel, and the agricultural business community. The farming community must cope with issues of climate variability and climate change, and, the challenge for agricultural meteorologists is to develop a coordinated national agricultural weather policy to assist agriculture as it deals with these issues. Agricultural weather policy must be formulated so that proactive long-term preparedness activities are strengthened to ensure agricultural sustainability and to preserve natural resources. Preparedness must be the essential foundation of an agricultural weather policy that builds upon mitigation measures and adaptation strategies to cope with climate variability and climate change as it affects agriculture, forestry, rangelands, and fisheries. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Motha, RP (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rmotha@oce.usda.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 142 IS 2-4 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.031 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138SG UT WOS:000244382000019 ER PT J AU Yim, YS Moak, P Sanchez-Villeda, H Musket, TA Close, P Klein, PE Mullet, JE McMullen, MD Fang, Z Schaeffer, ML Gardiner, JM Coe, EH Davis, GL AF Yim, Young-Sun Moak, Patricia Sanchez-Villeda, Hector Musket, Theresa A. Close, Pamela Klein, Patricia E. Mullet, John E. McMullen, Michael D. Fang, Zheiwei Schaeffer, Mary L. Gardiner, Jack M. Coe, Edward H., Jr. Davis, Georgia L. TI A BAC pooling strategy combined with PCR-based screenings in a large, highly repetitive genome enables integration of the maize genetic and physical maps SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL OVERGO HYBRIDIZATION; CONTIG MAP; CONSTRUCTION; SEQUENCES; LIBRARY AB Background: Molecular markers serve three important functions in physical map assembly. First, they provide anchor points to genetic maps facilitating functional genomic studies. Second, they reduce the overlap required for BAC contig assembly from 80 to 50 percent. Finally, they validate assemblies based solely on BAC fingerprints. We employed a six-dimensional BAC pooling strategy in combination with a high-throughput PCR-based screening method to anchor the maize genetic and physical maps. Results: A total of 110,592 maize BAC clones (similar to 6x haploid genome equivalents) were pooled into six different matrices, each containing 48 pools of BAC DNA. The quality of the BAC DNA pools and their utility for identifying BACs containing target genomic sequences was tested using 254 PCR-based STS markers. Five types of PCR-based STS markers were screened to assess potential uses for the BAC pools. An average of 4.68 BAC clones were identified per marker analyzed. These results were integrated with BAC fingerprint data generated by the Arizona Genomics Institute (AGI) and the Arizona Genomics Computational Laboratory (AGCoL) to assemble the BAC contigs using the FingerPrinted Contigs (FPC) software and contribute to the construction and anchoring of the physical map. A total of 234 markers (92.5%) anchored BAC contigs to their genetic map positions. The results can be viewed on the integrated map of maize [1,2]. Conclusion: This BAC pooling strategy is a rapid, cost effective method for genome assembly and anchoring. The requirement for six replicate positive amplifications makes this a robust method for use in large genomes with high amounts of repetitive DNA such as maize. This strategy can be used to physically map duplicate loci, provide order information for loci in a small genetic interval or with no genetic recombination, and loci with conflicting hybridization-based information. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, PGRU, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Davis, GL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, 1-31 Agr, Columbia, MO USA. EM ysunyim@hotmail.com; moakp@missouri.edu; sanchez-villedah@missouri.edu; muskett@missouri.edu; closep@missouri.edu; pklein@tamu.edu; mullet@tamu.edu; mcmullenm@missouri.edu; fangz@missouri.edu; Schaefferm@missouri.edu; gardiner@ag.arizona.edu; coee@missouri.edu; davisge@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 47 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-47 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 153RO UT WOS:000245453000001 PM 17291341 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Xu, De-Hai Klesius, Phillip H. Shoemaker, Craig A. TI Evaluation of a cohabitation challenge model in immunization trials for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE calcein; cohabitation challenge; immune response; infection level; Ichthyophthirius; channel catfish ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; RAFINESQUE; FOUQUET; PROTECTION; INFECTION; FISH; ICH; VACCINATION AB Calcein marking and cohabitation challenges have not been investigated in fish parasite research. This study evaluated a cohabitation challenge method in immunization trials against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) using calcein, a fluorescent dye, to mark channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Fish were marked by calcein immersion at 0, 500, and 1500 mg l(-1), and then challenged with 15 000 theronts fish(-1). No difference was noted in fish infection levels, mortality, and mean days to death (MDD) caused by Ich between unmarked and marked fish or between fish marked with high (1500 mg l(-1)) and low (500 mg l(-1)) concentrations of calcein. After ensuring that calcein marking had no effect on the susceptibility of fish to Ich theronts, 2 immunization trials were conducted to evaluate the cohabitation challenge model using calcein-marked catfish. Fish mortality, relative percent survival (RPS), and MDD were compared between cohabitation-challenged fish and fish challenged by non-cohabitation. No significant difference was observed in RPS for cohabitation-challenged fish and fish challenged by non-cohabitation. A cohabitation challenge can be used as an alternative challenge method in parasite studies, since it closely mimics natural exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dxu@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.3354/dao074049 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 151XS UT WOS:000245325000007 PM 17425263 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Schmidt, BC AF Ferguson, Douglas C. Schmidt, B. Christian TI Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae) with descriptions of two new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Grammia; eureka; behrii; bowmani; nevadensis; superba; gibsoni; williamsii; incorrupta; Colorado; Utah; taxonomy; Arctiini AB Grammia nevadensis (Grote & Robinson) is revised to consist of four subspecies: nevadensis, geneura (Strecker) revised status, gibsoni (McDunnough) revised status and superba (Stretch). Grammia behrii (Stretch) revised status is raised from synonymy with G. nevadensis and re-described, and a neotype is designated. Two new species of Grammia in the nevadensis species group are described from the western United States: Grammia eureka new species is described from three specimens collected nearly a century ago in central Utah and one specimen ostensibly from southern Idaho. Grammia bowmani new species is a locally common species occurring in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah. The adults and male genitalic structures of G. nevadensis, G. behrii, G. incorrupta, G. williamsii, G. eureka and G. bowmani are illustrated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM bjorn@ualberta.ca NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 8 PY 2007 IS 1405 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 134IW UT WOS:000244077700002 ER PT J AU Marek, LJ Koskinen, WC AF Marek, LeEtta J. Koskinen, William C. TI Multiresidue analysis of seven anticoagulant rodenticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LC/ESI/MS/MS; rodenticides; coumarins; indandiones; multiresidue analysis ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESIDUES; LIVER; SERUM; CHLOROPHACINONE; DIPHACINONE; WARFARIN; BLOOD AB Mice and rat populations are commonly controlled by two classes of rodenticide anticoagulants, coumarins and indandiones. However, poisoning of nontarget animals also often occurs. For cases such as these, a rapid, multiresidue method, which provides positive confirmation for both classes of anticoagulant rodenticides, is needed by diagnostic laboratories. A method was developed for the determination of seven anticoagulant rodenticides, coumafuryl, pindone, warfarin, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, and brodifacoum, in diverse matrices, animal feed, cooked beef, and fruit-flavored beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry. Detection was by MS/MS with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Confirmation was by retention time, m/z of molecular ion, and two parent-daughter transitions. Recoveries from selected the matrices ranged from 61 to 117%. Limits of quantitation were as low as 1.5-4.5 ng g(-1). The developed method was rapid and provided the simultaneous confirmation and quantification of the seven anticoagulant rodenticides. C1 Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Marek, LJ (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 601 Robert St N, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM LeEtta.Marek@state.mn.us NR 20 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1021/jf061440y PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 131AM UT WOS:000243840200004 PM 17263443 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Steinriede, RW Kingery, WL AF Locke, Martin A. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Steinriede, R. Wade Kingery, William L. TI Degradation and sorption of fluometuron and metabolites in conservation tillage soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tillage; herbicide; sorption; dissipation; fluometuron; metabolite ID SILT LOAM SOIL; COVER CROP; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COASTAL-PLAIN; FILTER STRIP; HERBICIDE; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF; COTTON AB Soil sorption and dissipation of fluometuron (FLM) and three metabolites, desmethyl fluometuron (DMF), trifluoromethyl phenyl urea (TFMPU), and trifluoromethyl aniline (TFMA), were assessed in conservation tillage soils. In study I, surface Dundee silt loam soils from no-tillage (NT) and reduced-tillage (RT) areas were treated with C-14 ring-labeled FLM or TFMA or unlabeled DMF, incubated for 34-42 days, extracted, and analyzed. Mineralization and volatilization of C-14-labeled FLM or TFMA were monitored. In study II, batch sorption assays (solute concentrations 2-50 mu mol L-1; 2:1 solution:soil; 18 h) were conducted using various soils from reduced- (RT) and conventional-tillage (CT) areas to determine the relative affinity of FLM and metabolites for soils with differing characteristics. Mineralization of FLM (3%, day 42) or TFMA (4%, day 34) and FLM volatilization (similar to 2%) were low for both soils. FLM and DMF dissipated more rapidly in RT soil than in NT soil. In FLM-treated RT soil, DMF and TFMPU accumulated more rapidly than in NT as FLM degraded. TFMA dissipated rapidly, primarily as nonextractable residues (similar to 70%, day 42) and volatilization (similar to 16%). For all respective soils in study II, sorption of all four compounds was higher for organic C-enriched RT soils than for CT soils, indicating strong relationships between organic C and FLM and metabolite sorption. For either tillage treatment, the percentage sorption was greater for metabolites (e.g., at lowest initial dosing concentration, TFMPU range, 45-91%; DMF range, 45-90%; and TFMA range, 45-98%) than for FLM (RT soils range, 19-65%). Nonsubstituted amino groups likely facilitated sorption to organic C, with nonsubstituted aniline in TFMA having the greatest affinity. NMR spectra of humic acid extracts from NT and CT Dundee soils indicated similar patterns of humic acid functional groups, but the potential capacity for sorption was greater in NT than in CT. The greater capacity for FLM and metabolite sorption in NT soil helps explain their longer persistence. C1 USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.1021/jf062070g PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 131AM UT WOS:000243840200045 PM 17263484 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Krutz, LJ Reddy, KN Weaver, MA Koger, CH Locke, MA AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Krutz, L. Jason Reddy, Krishna N. Weaver, Mark A. Koger, Clifford H. Locke, Martin A. TI Rapid development of enhanced atrazine degradation in a dundee silt loam soil under continuous corn and in rotation with cotton SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE accelerated herbicide degradation; atrazine; crop rotation ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; WEED-CONTROL; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; AVAILABILITY; DEPENDENCE; STRAIN AB Mississippi Delta cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in field experiments from 2000 to 2005 at Stoneville, Mississippi. Plots maintained under minimum tillage were established in 2000 on a Dundee silt loam with treatments including continuous cotton or corn and alternate cotton-corn rotations. Mineralization and dissipation of C-14 [ring]-labeled atrazine were evaluated in the laboratory on soils collected prior to herbicide application in the first, second, third, and sixth years of the study. In soils collected in 2000, a maximum of 10% of the atrazine was mineralized after 30 days. After 1 year of herbicide application, atrazine-treated soils mineralized 52-57% of the radiolabeled atrazine in 30 days. By the sixth year of the study, greater than 59% of the atrazine was mineralized after 7 days in soils treated with atrazine, while soils from plots with no atrazine treatment mineralized less than 36%. The data also indicated rapid development of enhanced atrazine degradation in soils following 1 year of corn production with atrazine use. Atrazine mineralization was as rapid in soils under a rotation receiving biannual atrazine applications as in soils under continuous corn receiving annual applications of atrazine. Cumulative mineralization kinetics parameters derived from the Gompertz model (k and ti) were highly correlated with a history of atrazine application and total soil carbon content. Changes in the soil microbial community assessed by total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated significant interactions of cropping system and sampling date, with FAME indicators for soil bacteria responsible for differences in community structure. Autoclaved soil lost all ability to mineralize atrazine, and atrazine-mineralizing bacteria were isolated from these plots, confirming the biological basis for atrazine mineralization. These results indicate that changes in degradative potential of a soil can occur rapidly and some changes in soil properties may be associated with cropping systems, which can contribute to enhanced atrazine degradation potential. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 852 EP 859 DI 10.1021/jf0620923 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 131AM UT WOS:000243840200046 PM 17263485 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Moreau, Robert A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Phenolic acids, lipids, and proteins associated with purified corn fiber arabinoxylans SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber, (CF); coarse corn fiber; fine corn fiber; corn fiber gum, (CFG); p-coumaric acid, (PCA); ferulic acid, (FA) ID MAIZE BRAN; ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY; CELL-WALL; EXTRACTION; GUM; HEMICELLULOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HETEROXYLANS; HYDROLYSIS; COMPONENTS AB Corn fiber gum (CFG) is a hemicellulose (arabinoxylan)-enriched fraction obtained by the extraction of corn bran/fiber using a proprietary alkaline hydrogen peroxide process. When purified CFG prepared by this process was hydrolyzed with more concentrated base (1.5 N methanolic KOH at 70 degrees C for 1 hour), considerable amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (up to 0.015% of mainly ferulic acid) and lipids (up to 0.43%) were released. The released phenolic acids and lipids were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatrography (HPLC) with detection by both UV and evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). During the wet milling of corn, two types of corn fiber are produced: coarse fiber, which is primarily from pericarp, and fine fiber, which is from the endosperm. The total phenolic acid content in CFGs purified from coarse corn fiber (pericarp fiber) is comparatively higher than that purified from fine corn fiber (endosperm fiber). It was also determined that the purified CFG samples contained significant amounts of strongly associated proteins, from 2 to 5% by weight. The presence of these phenolic acids, lipids, and proteins strongly associated or bound to CFG may contribute to its excellent ability to emulsify oil-in-water emulsions. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 943 EP 947 DI 10.1021/jf0624493 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 131AM UT WOS:000243840200058 PM 17263497 ER PT J AU Klein, AM Vaissiere, BE Cane, JH Steffan-Dewenter, I Cunningham, SA Kremen, C Tscharntke, T AF Klein, Alexandra-Maria Vaissiere, Bernard E. Cane, James H. Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf Cunningham, Saul A. Kremen, Claire Tscharntke, Teja TI Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE agriculture; conservation; pollination; biodiversity; spatial ecology; wild bees ID UNITED-STATES CROPS; POLLEN LIMITATION; HONEY-BEES; WILD BEES; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PLANT REPRODUCTION; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; MACADAMIA FLOWERS AB The extent of our reliance on animal pollination for world crop production for human food has not previously been evaluated and the previous estimates for countries or continents have seldom used primary data. In this review, we expand the previous estimates using novel primary data from 200 countries and found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animal pollination. However, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective, since 60% of global production comes from crops that do not depend on animal pollination, 35% from crops that depend on pollinators, and 5% are unevaluated. Using all crops traded on the world market and setting aside crops that are solely passively self-pollinated, wind-pollinated or parthenocarpic, we then evaluated the level of dependence on animal-mediated pollination for crops that are directly consumed by humans. We found that pollinators are essential for 13 crops, production is highly pollinator dependent for 30, moderately for 27, slightly for 21, unimportant for 7, and is of unknown significance for the remaining 9. We further evaluated whether local and landscape-wide management for natural pollination services could help to sustain crop diversity and production. Case studies for nine crops on four continents revealed that agricultural intensification jeopardizes wild bee communities and their stabilizing effect on pollination services at the landscape scale. C1 Univ Gottingen, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. INRA, UAPV Ecol Invertebres, UMR 406, Lab Pollinisat Entomophile,Inst Natl Rech Agron, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Managment, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, AM (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. EM aklein2@gwdg.de RI Cunningham, Saul/B-9947-2009; Tscharntke, Teja/N-5123-2014; Rodrigues, Flavio/A-8724-2014; OI Cunningham, Saul/0000-0003-0703-6893; Rodrigues, Flavio/0000-0001-8538-0089; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf/0000-0003-1359-3944 NR 108 TC 1120 Z9 1202 U1 179 U2 1372 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1608 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3721 PG 11 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 124FV UT WOS:000243354100001 PM 17164193 ER PT J AU Quiniou, SMA Waldbieser, GC Duke, MV AF Quiniou, Sylvie M-A Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. Duke, Mary V. TI A first generation BAC-based physical map of the channel catfish genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME CLONES; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; IGH LOCUS; SEQUENCES; FPC AB Background: Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is the leading species in North American aquaculture. Genetic improvement of catfish is performed through selective breeding, and genomic tools will help improve selection efficiency. A physical map is needed to integrate the genetic map with the karyotype and to support fine mapping of phenotypic trait alleles such as Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and the effective positional cloning of genes. Results: A genome-wide physical map of the channel catfish was constructed by High-InformationContent Fingerprinting (HICF) of 46,548 Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) clones using the SNaPshot technique. The clones were assembled into contigs with FPC software. The resulting assembly contained 1,782 contigs and covered an estimated physical length of 0.93 Gb. The validity of the assembly was demonstrated by 1) anchoring 19 of the largest contigs to the microsatellite linkage map 2) comparing the assembly of a multi-gene family to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ( RFLP) patterns seen in Southern blots, and 3) contig sequencing. Conclusion: This is the first physical map for channel catfish. The HICF technique allowed the project to be finished with a limited amount of human resource in a high throughput manner. This physical map will greatly facilitate the detailed study of many different genomic regions in channel catfish, and the positional cloning of genes controlling economically important production traits. C1 USDA ARS, GGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Quiniou, SMA (reprint author), USDA ARS, GGRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM squiniou@ars.usda.gov; gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov; mduke@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 40 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-40 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 137XS UT WOS:000244326900001 PM 17284319 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Neal, JJ Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, Omprakash Neal, Jonathan J. Shukle, Richard H. TI Antioxidant defense response in a galling insect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; insect/plant interaction; reactive oxygen species; wheat ID HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; WINTER-WHEAT; CECIDOMYIIDAE; RESISTANCE; METAMORPHOSIS; ENZYMES AB Herbivorous insect species are constantly challenged with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from endogenous and exogenous sources. ROS produced within insects because of stress and prooxidant allelochemicals produced by host plants in response to herbivory require a complex mode of antioxidant defense during insect/plant interactions. Some insect herbivores have a midgutbased defense against the suite of ROS encountered. Because the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is the major insect pest of wheat worldwide, and an emerging model for all gall midges, we investigated its antioxiclant responses during interaction with its host plant. Quantitative data for two phospholipid glutathione peroxidases (MdesPHGPX-1 and MdesPHGPX-2), two catalases (MdesCAT-1 and MdesCAT-2), and two superoxide dismutases (MdesSOD-1 and MdesSOD-2) revealed high levels of all of the mRNAs in the midgut of larvae on susceptible wheat (compatible interaction). During development of the Hessian fly on susceptible wheat, a differential expression pattern was observed for all six genes. Analysis of larvae on resistant wheat (incompatible interaction) compared with larvae on susceptible wheat showed increased levels of mRNAs in larvae on resistant wheat for all of the antioxiclant genes except MdesSOD-1 and MdesSOD-2. We postulate that the increased mRNA levels of MdesPHGPX-1, MdesPHGPX-2, MdesCAT-1, and MdesCAT-2 reflect responses to ROS encountered by larvae while feeding on resistant wheat seedlings and/or ROS generated endogenously in larvae because of stress/ starvation. These results provide an opportunity to understand the cooperative antioxiclant defense responses in the Hessian fly/ wheat interaction and may be applicable to other insect/plant interactions. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 38 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1889 EP 1894 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604722104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 135BD UT WOS:000244127900030 PM 17261812 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Momany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Momany, Frank A. TI DFT study of alpha- and beta-D-allopyranose at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B3LYP/6-31 1++G**; allose; chair; boat; skew; conformation; hessian; relative free energy ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION FUNCTIONALS; PROPER BASIS-SET; D-ALLOSE; D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PYRANOSE RING; MONOSACCHARIDES AB One hundred and two conformations of alpha- and beta-D-allopyranose, the C-3 substituted epimer of glucopyranose, were geometry optimized using the density functional, B3LYP, and the basis set, 6-311++G**. Full geometry optimization was performed on different ring geometries and on the hydroxymethyl rotamers (gg/gt/tg). Analytically derived Hessians were used to calculate zero point energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The lowest energy and free energy conformation found is the (alpha-tg(g-)-(4)C(1)-c conformation, which is only slightly higher in electronic (similar to 0.2 kcal/mol) and free energy than the lowest energy (X-D-glucopyranose. The in vacuo calculations showed a small (similar to 0.3 kcal/mol) energetic preference for the alpha- over the beta-anomer for allopyranose in the (4)C(1) conformation, whereas in the (1)C(4) conformation a considerable (similar to 1.6 kcal/mol) energetic preference for the beta-over the alpha-anomer for allopyranose was encountered. The results are compared to previous aldohexose calculations in vacuo. Boat and skew forms were found that remained stable upon gradient optimization although many starting boat conformations moved to other skew forms upon optimization. As found for glucose, mannose, and galactose the orientation and interaction of the hydroxyl groups make the most significant contributions to the conformation/energy relationship in vacuo. A comparison of different basis sets and density functionals is made in the Discussion section, confirming the appropriateness of the level of theory used here. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Schnupf, U (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM schnupf@ncaur.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 2 BP 196 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2006.12.006 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 133IC UT WOS:000244005600007 PM 17204259 ER PT J AU Gawish, SM Matthews, SR Wafa, DM Breidt, F Bourham, MA AF Gawish, S. M. Matthews, S. R. Wafa, D. M. Breidt, F. Bourham, M. A. TI Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. I. Synthesis and characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold plasma; graft copolymers; polypropylene; chitosan; inclusion chemistry ID WATER-ETHANOL PERMSEPARATION; GRAFT POLYMERIZED MEMBRANES; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; REACTIVE FILTERS; COTTON FIBER; CHITOSAN; PERVAPORATION; MANUFACTURE; ACID AB Novel biocidal fabrics were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto plasma-treated nonwoven polypropylene (PP) to produce PP/ GMA grafts. Atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma was used to enhance the PP fabrics' initiation before GMA grafting. The grafted PP/GMA epoxide group was reacted with beta-cyclodextrin, monochlorotrizynyl-beta-cyclodextrins, or a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative [N-(2 hydroxy propyl) 3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride]. Some interesting biocidal agents were complexed into the cyclodextrin (CD) cavity of PP/GMA/CD grafted fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the grafted complexed fabrics. These synthesized biocidal fabrics proved to be antistatic, antimicrobial, and insect-repelling (see part II of this study). (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Text Div, Cairo, Egypt. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bourham, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu OI gawish, samiha/0000-0002-3736-6036 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 1900 EP 1910 DI 10.1002/app.24021 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 119LM UT WOS:000243013800065 ER PT J AU Wafa, DM Breidt, F Gawish, SM Matthews, SR Donohue, KV Roe, RM Bourham, MA AF Wafa, D. M. Breidt, F. Gawish, S. M. Matthews, S. R. Donohue, K. V. Roe, R. M. Bourham, M. A. TI Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. II. Functionality of synthesized fabrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonwoven PP; atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma; GMA; beta-CD; MCT beta-CD; HTCC; antistatic; antimicrobial; insect repellent fabrics ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; PRESSURE; CHITOSAN; FILMS AB Atmospheric plasma-aided graft copolymerization of textile materials provides single or multiple functionality polypropylene (PP) modified fabrics. Biocidal PP's are modified ones to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and fungi, and insect and tick repelling action. Novel PP biocidal fabrics synthesized by graft copolymerization using plasma-aided technique (see part I of this study) using antibacterial and insect repel-lent agents have been tested and evaluated and proved to be antimicrobial, tick repellent, and antistatic. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Text Div, Cairo, Egypt. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bourham, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu OI gawish, samiha/0000-0002-3736-6036 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 1911 EP 1917 DI 10.1002/app.24042 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 119LM UT WOS:000243013800066 ER PT J AU Thybaud, V Aardema, M Clements, J Dearfield, K Galloway, S Hayashi, M Jacobson-Kram, D Kirkland, D MacGregor, JT Marzin, D Ohyama, W Schuler, M Suzuki, H Zeiger, E AF Thybaud, V. Aardema, M. Clements, J. Dearfield, K. Galloway, S. Hayashi, M. Jacobson-Kram, D. Kirkland, D. MacGregor, J. T. Marzin, D. Ohyama, W. Schuler, M. Suzuki, H. Zeiger, E. TI Strategy for genotoxicity testing: Hazard identification and risk assessment in relation to in vitro testing SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity; hazard identification; risk assessment; testing strategy ID BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE; GENETIC TOXICITY; CHEMICALS; PHARMACEUTICALS; MUTAGENICITY; GUIDELINES AB This report summarizes the proceedings of the September 9-10, 2005 meeting of the Expert Working Group on Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Relation to In Vitro Testing, part of an initiative on genetic toxicology. The objective of the Working Group was to develop recommendations for interpretation of results from tests commonly included in regulatory genetic toxicology test batteries, and to propose an appropriate strategy for follow-up testing when positive in vitro results were obtained in these assays. The Group noted the high frequency of positive in vitro findings in the genotoxicity test batteries with agents found not to be carcinogenic and thought not to pose a carcinogenic health hazard to humans. The Group agreed that a set of consensus principles for appropriate interpretation and follow-up testing when initial in vitro tests are positive was needed. Current differences in emphasis and policy among different regulatory agencies were recognized as a basis of this need. Using a consensus process among a balanced, up of recognized international authorities from industry, government, and academia, it was agreed that a strategy based on these principles should include guidance on: (1) interpretation of initial results in the "core" test battery; (2) criteria for determining when follow-up testing is needed; (3) criteria for selecting appropriate follow-up tests; (4) definition of when the evidence is sufficient to define the mode of action and the relevance to human exposure; and (5) definition of approaches to evaluate the degree of health risk under conditions of exposure of the species of concern (generally the human). A framework for addressing these issues was discussed, and a general "decision tree" was developed that included criteria for assessing the need for further testing, selecting appropriate follow-up tests, and determining a sufficient weight of evidence to attribute a level of risk and stop testing. The discussion included case studies based on actual test results that illustrated common situations encountered, and consensus opinions were developed based on group analysis of these cases. The Working Group defined circumstances in which the pattern and magnitude of positive results was such that there was very low or no concern (e.g., nonreproducible or marginal responses), and no further testing would be needed. This included a discussion of the importance of the use of historical control data. The criteria for determining when follow-up testing is needed included factors, such as evidence of reproducibility, level of cytotoxicity at which an increased DNA damage or mutation frequency is observed, relationship of results to the historical control range of values, and total weight of evidence across assays. When the initial battery is negative, further testing might be required based on information from the published literature, structure activity considerations, or the potential for significant human metabolites not generated in the test systems. Additional testing might also be needed retrospectively when increase in tumors or evidence of pre-neoplastic change is seen. When follow-up testing is needed, it should be based on knowledge about the mode of action, based on reports in the literature or learned from the nature of the responses observed in the initial tests. The initial findings, and available information about the biochemical and pharmacological nature of the agent, are generally sufficient to conclude that the responses observed are consistent with certain molecular mechanisms and inconsistent with others. Follow-up tests should be sensitive to the types of genetic damage known to be capable of inducing the response observed initially. It was recognized that genotoxic events might arise from processes other than direct reactivity with DNA, that these mechanisms may have a non-linear, or threshold, dose-response relationship, and that in such cases it may be possible to determine an exposure level below which there is negligible concern about an effect due to human exposures. When a test result is clearly positive, consideration of relevance to human health includes whether other assays for the same endpoint support the results observed, whether the mode or mechanism of action is relevant to the human, and most importantly - whether the effect observed is likely to occur in vivo at concentrations expected as a result of human exposure. Although general principles were agreed upon, time did not permit the development of recommendations for the selection of specific tests beyond those commonly employed in initial test batteries. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Drug Safety Evaluat, F-94400 Vitry Sur Seine, France. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Genet & Mutagenesis, Tokyo 158, Japan. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. Toxicol Consulting Serv, Arnold, MD 21012 USA. Inst Pasteur, F-59019 Lille, France. Yakult Cent Inst Microbiol Res, Tokyo 1868650, Japan. Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Ina Res Inc, Nagano 3994501, Japan. Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Thybaud, V (reprint author), Drug Safety Evaluat, F-94400 Vitry Sur Seine, France. EM Veronique.Thybaud@sanofi-aventis.com NR 43 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD FEB 3 PY 2007 VL 627 IS 1 SI SI BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.003 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 134KG UT WOS:000244081300006 PM 17126066 ER PT J AU Luria, A Weldon, SM Kabcenell, AK Ingraham, RH Matera, D Jiang, HP Gill, R Morisseau, C Newman, JW Hammock, BD AF Luria, Ayala Weldon, Steven M. Kabcenell, Alisa K. Ingraham, Richard H. Matera, Damian Jiang, Huiping Gill, Rajan Morisseau, Christophe Newman, John W. Hammock, Bruce D. TI Compensatory mechanism for homeostatic blood pressure regulation in Ephx2 gene-disrupted mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; OMEGA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; CYTOCHROME-P450 EPOXYGENASE; 20-HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACID; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; TARGETED DISRUPTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; HYPERTENSION AB Arachidonic acid-derived epoxides, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, are important regulators of vascular homeostasis and inflammation, and therefore manipulation of their levels is a potentially useful pharmacological strategy. Soluble epoxide hydrolase converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to their corresponding diols, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, modifying or eliminating the function of these oxylipins. To better understand the phenotypic impact of Ephx2 disruption, two independently derived colonies of soluble epoxide hydrolase-null mice were compared. We examined this genotype evaluating protein expression, biofluid oxylipin profile, tissue oxylipin production capacity, and blood pressure. Ephx2 gene disruption eliminated soluble epoxide hydrolase protein expression and activity in liver, kidney, and heart from each colony. Plasma levels of epoxy fatty acids were increased, and fatty acid diols levels were decreased, while measured levels of lipoxygenase-and cyclooxygenase-dependent oxylipins were unchanged. Liver and kidney homogenates also show elevated epoxide fatty acids. However, in whole kidney homogenate a 4-fold increase in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was measured along with a 3-fold increase in lipoxygenase-derived hydroxylation and prostanoid production. Unlike previous reports, however, neither Ephx2-null colony showed alterations in basal blood pressure. Finally, the soluble epoxide hydrolase-null mice show a survival advantage following acute systemic inflammation. The data suggest that blood pressure homeostasis may be achieved by increasing production of the vasoconstrictor, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the kidney of the Ephx2-null mice. This shift in renal metabolism is likely a metabolic compensation for the loss of the soluble epoxide hydrolase gene. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Translat Sci, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Cardiovasc Dis, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hammock, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bdhammock@ucdavis.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R37 ES002710, R37 ES02710, P30 ES005707, P30 ES05707, P42 ES004699, R01 ES013933] NR 48 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 5 BP 2891 EP 2898 DI 10.1074/jbc.M608057200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 130IS UT WOS:000243793900015 PM 17135253 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Maines, TR Van Hoeven, N Glaser, L Solorzano, A Pappas, C Cox, NJ Swayne, DE Palese, P Katz, JM Garcia-Sastre, A AF Tumpey, Terrence M. Maines, Taronna R. Van Hoeven, Neal Glaser, Laurel Solorzano, Alicia Pappas, Claudia Cox, Nancy J. Swayne, David E. Palese, Peter Katz, Jacqueline M. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo TI A two-amino acid change in the hemagglutinin of the 1918 influenza virus abolishes transmission SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; PANDEMIC VIRUS; HUMAN AIRWAY; A VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; GENE; H2 AB The 1918 influenza pandemic was a catastrophic series of virus outbreaks that spread across the globe. Here, we show that only a modest change in the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin receptor binding site alters the transmissibility of this pandemic virus. Two amino acid mutations that cause a switch in receptor binding preference from the human alpha-2,6 to the avian alpha-2,3 sialic acid resulted in a virus incapable of respiratory droplet transmission between ferrets but that maintained its lethality and replication efficiency in the upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, poor transmission of a 1918 virus with dual alpha-2,6 and alpha-2,3 specificity suggests that a predominant human alpha-2,6 sialic acid binding preference is essential for optimal transmission of this pandemic virus. These findings confirm an essential role of hemagglutinin receptor specificity for the transmission of influenza viruses among mammals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, U19 AI62623]; PHS HHS [U54 AIO57158] NR 25 TC 340 Z9 376 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5812 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1126/science.1136212 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131YR UT WOS:000243909400046 PM 17272724 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Hickman, AD Tcheslavskaia, KS Leonard, DS Roberts, EA AF Thorpe, Kevin W. Hickman, Andrea D. Tcheslavskaia, Ksenia S. Leonard, Donna S. Roberts, E. Anderson TI Comparison of methods for deploying female gypsy moths to evaluate mating disruption treatments SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerial application; disparlure; gypsy moth; laminate flakes; Lymantria dispar; mating disruption; mating success; pheromone ID RACEMIC DISPARLURE; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; DENSITY; SUCCESS; FORMULATIONS; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY; DOSAGE AB Mating disruption is the primary tactic used to reduce rates of gypsy moth population spread in the United States Department of Agriculture's Slow-the-Spread of the gypsy moth programme (STS). Because STS targets very low-density gypsy moth populations within which it is extremely difficult to collect females or egg masses, mating success in native populations cannot be determined. Therefore, the evaluation of mating disruption treatments in field experiments such as those designed to test new formulations and application methods requires deploying and recovering laboratory-reared female moths to determine mating success. Five methods of deploying females were evaluated for cost, rates of female and egg mass recovery, and female mating success. The deployment methods tested were: modified delta trap, square barrier, single and double trunk bands, and tethered females. Deployment of tethered females had the highest cost and mating success rate, but it did not yield the highest rates of female and egg mass recovery. Deployment of females in delta traps produced the lowest cost and mating success rate, but yielded the highest recovery rate. Neither of these deployment methods is recommended because of unacceptably high cost (tethered female) or low mating success (delta trap). There were no significant differences in cost or mating success among the other three deployment methods. The differences among the square barrier, single trunk band, and double trunk band methods in cost, female and egg mass recovery, and mating success are too small to recommend any one over the others. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thorpek@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00312.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 135GW UT WOS:000244143100004 ER PT J AU Leal-Rojas, PA Gutierrez-Moraga, A Destefano-Beltran, L Salvo-Garrido, AA Gidekel, M AF Leal-Rojas, Pamela A. Gutierrez-Moraga, Ana Destefano-Beltran, Luis Salvo-Garrido, Adolfo A. Gidekel, Manuel TI Differential gene expression in calla lily plants (Zantedeschia spp.) SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Erwinia; Zantedeschia; cDNA; tissue-specific expression; Northern blot; tuber ID ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA SUBSP; ACTIVASE; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; ARACEAE; TUBER AB Zantedeschia spp. Spreng. species (Araceae Family) are monoctyledons, herbaceous, perennial, with neutral photoperiod, and winter-dormant plants, which have an underground storage organ (tuber). Several Zantedeschia cultivars contribute to the international floriculture market, but little is known about the changes in metabolism and the differential expression of genes taking place within the tuber during dormancy and active growth of the plant. The objective of the present study was to study the differential gene expression in tuber, leaves and sprout of Zantedeschia spp. through mRNA differential display. Plants of Zantedeschia spp. were used, multiplied in vitro in the Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory at the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. From the different combinations of primers, 45 partial cDNAs were obtained, some of which were tissue-specific. Differential expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis for eight selected clones. To obtain complete sequences of the clones, expression libraries were constructed from total RNA of different organs and the partial cDNAs were used as probe to screen these libraries. Sequence analysis revealed homology to genes described in the literature, including actin depolymerizing protein, proteins induced by elicitor and dehydration, low temperature and salinity response proteins, Skp1-like and FAP proteins and Rubisco activase protein. C1 Univ La Frontera, Lab Biol Mol Aplicada, Inst Agro Ind, Fac Ciencias Agropecuarias & Forestales, Temuco, Chile. USDA, Dept Agr, Fargo, ND USA. RP Leal-Rojas, PA (reprint author), Univ La Frontera, Lab Biol Mol Aplicada, Inst Agro Ind, Fac Ciencias Agropecuarias & Forestales, Avenida Franciso Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile. EM mgidekel@ufro.cl NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 143PJ UT WOS:000244734700002 ER PT J AU Mercer, DE Prestemon, JP Butry, DT Pye, JM AF Mercer, D. Evan Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Butry, David T. Pye, John M. TI Evaluating alternative prescribed burning policies to reduce net economic damages from wildfire SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE policy; prescribed fire; stochastic dominance; wildfire ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; EFFICIENCY; MODEL; COST AB We estimate a wildfire risk model with a new measure of wildfire output, intensity-weighted risk and use it in Monte Carlo simulations to estimate welfare changes from alternative prescribed burning policies. Using Volusia County, Florida as a case study, an annual prescribed burning rate of 13% of all forest lands maximizes net welfare; ignoring the effects on wildfire intensity may underestimate optimal rates of prescribed burning. Our estimated supply function for prescribed fire services is inelastic, suggesting that increasing contract prescribed fire services on public lands may produce rapidly escalating costs for private landowners and unintended distributional and "leakage" effects. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mercer, DE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Pye, John/B-2983-2008 OI Pye, John/0000-0001-8413-1216 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.00963.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 133GR UT WOS:000244001900006 ER PT J AU Ming, R Wang, JP Moore, PH Paterson, AH AF Ming, Ray Wang, Jianping Moore, Paul H. Paterson, Andrew H. TI Sex chromosomes in flowering plants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE angiosperm; sex chromosome; sex detennination; suppression of recombination; Y chromosome degeneration ID ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS L; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; HUMAN X-CHROMOSOME; Y-CHROMOSOME; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; DIOECIOUS PLANT; LINKED GENE; DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; DETERMINATION LOCUS AB Sex chromosomes in dioecious and polygamous plants evolved as a mechanism for ensuring outcrossing to increase genetic variation in the offspring. Sex specificity has evolved in 75% of plant families by male sterile or female sterile mutations, but well-defined heteromorphic sex chromosomes are known in only four plant families. A pivotal event in sex chromosome evolution, suppression of recombination at the sex determination locus and its neighboring regions, might be lacking in most dioecious species. However, once recombination is suppressed around the sex determination region, an incipient Y chromosome starts to differentiate by accumulating deleterious mutations, transposable element insertions, chromosomal rearrangements, and selection for male-specific alleles. Some plant species have recently evolved homomorphic sex chromosomes near the inception of this evolutionary process, while a few other species have sufficiently diverged heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Comparative analysis of carefully selected plant species together with some fish species promises new insights into the origins of sex chromosomes and the selective forces driving their evolution. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu RI Jamilena, Manuel/K-3331-2014 OI Jamilena, Manuel/0000-0001-7072-0458 NR 107 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 29 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.2.141 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136RM UT WOS:000244241800001 PM 21642216 ER PT J AU Etcheverry, P Carstens, GE Brown, E Hawthorne, KM Chen, ZS Griffin, IJ AF Etcheverry, Paz Carstens, Gordon E. Brown, Erin Hawthorne, Keli M. Chen, Zhensheng Griffin, Ian J. TI Production of stable-isotope-labeled bovine heme and its use to measure heme-iron absorption in children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; zinc absorption; heme iron; stable isotope; children ID NONHEME-IRON; HAEMOGLOBIN IRON; HEMOGLOBIN-IRON; ZINC-ABSORPTION; EXTRINSIC TAG; WHOLE DIET; HUMANS; FOOD; FERRITIN; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Background: The use of stable isotopes has provided valuable insights into iron absorption in humans, but the data have been limited to nonheme iron. Objective: Our objectives were to produce heme iron enriched in Fe-58 and to use it to study the absorption of heme iron and the effect of iron and zinc intakes on heme-iron absorption in children. Design: Labeled bovine heme was produced in a bovine model. Forty-eight children were randomly assigned to consume identical meals containing 1 of 3 doses of labeled heme iron (2, 4, or 8 mg as hemoglobin) and 1 of 2 doses of inorganic zinc (1 or 9 mg); successful measurements of iron absorption, zinc absorption, or both were made in 40 of these subjects. We hypothesized that fractional heme-iron absorption would decrease as heme-iron intake increased and that higher zinc intakes would decrease heme-iron absorption. Results: Fe-58 heme was produced with an enrichment (mass/mass) of 9.5%. Fractional iron absorption in children was significantly affected by the intake of heme iron (P = 0.0013) and of zinc (P = 0.0375), but, contrary to expectations, heme-iron absorption was higher at higher zinc intakes. Absolute heme-iron absorption was higher in the group with higher zinc intakes, but only for those with the lowest heme-iron intake (2 mg; P = 0.0147). Although fractional zinc absorption decreased as zinc intake increased (P = 0.031), absolute zinc absorption continued to increase across the intake range studied (P = 0.018). Conclusions: Heme iron intrinsically labeled with Fe-58 can be produced at sufficient enrichments for use in human studies. In children, heme iron and zinc absorption decrease as the dose of each mineral increases. Heme iron did not inhibit zinc absorption. At lower heme intakes, zinc intakes may increase heme-iron absorption. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 452 EP 459 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 137JZ UT WOS:000244290200019 PM 17284743 ER PT J AU Haan, MN Miller, JW Aiello, AE Whitmer, RA Jagust, WJ Mungas, DM Allen, LH Green, R AF Haan, Mary N. Miller, Joshua W. Aiello, Allison E. Whitmer, Rachel A. Jagust, William J. Mungas, Dan M. Allen, Lindsay H. Green, Ralph TI Homocysteine, B vitamins, and the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment: results from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; B vitamins; dementia; cognitive impairment without dementia; red blood cell folate ID TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FOLIC-ACID; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; FOLATE; DECLINE AB Background: High concentrations of homocysteine have been linked to a greater risk of Alzheimer disease, dementia, and cognitive decline. Objective: We evaluated the association between homocysteine and 4.5-y combined incidences of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) in a cohort of 1779 Mexican Americans aged 60-101 y. Design: Homocysteine, red blood cell (RBC) folate, and plasma vitamin B-12 were measured at baseline. New cases of dementia or CIND were ascertained by neuropsychological and clinical examinations and expert adjudication. We used proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of homocysteine-associated dementia or CIND and the influence of RBC folate and plasma vitamin B-12 on that association. Results: High homocysteine concentrations were associated with a greater risk of dementia or CIND: hazard ratio (HR): 2.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.16. Plasma vitamin B-12 modified the association between homocysteine and the outcome. The rates of dementia or CIND associated with homocysteine for those in the lowest and highest tertiles of vitamin B-12, respectively, were significantly higher (HR: 1.61, P = 0.04) and lower (HR: 0.94, P = 0.015) than the risk for those in the middle tertile. Conclusions: Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for both dementia and CIND. Higher plasma vitamin B-12 may reduce the risk of homocysteine-associated dementia or CIND. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haan, MN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program, 611 Church St,Room 315, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM mnhaan@umich.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R03 AG033751, R01 AG012975, AG12975]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P60 DK20572, DK60753, P60 DK020572, R01 DK060753] NR 35 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 137JZ UT WOS:000244290200027 PM 17284751 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. TI In utero physiology: role in nutrient delivery and fetal development for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Maternal Nutrition and Optimal Infant Feeding Practicesqq CY FEB 23-24, 2006 CL Houston, TX SP Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr DE human milk; calcium absorption; premature infants; infant nutrition; fetal growth ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; METABOLIC BONE-DISEASE; PRETERM INFANTS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; MINERALIZATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORMULA; GROWTH; ABSORPTION; PREGNANCY AB Only limited aspects of the transfer of calcium across the placenta to the fetus are known. Clinical outcome studies suggest that bone mineral mass in newborn infants is related to maternal size and dairy intake. Available data indicate that vitamin D deficiency may also limit in utero fetal bone mineral accumulation. Recent data suggest that maternal vitamin D status affects long-term childhood bone status. At present, no strong evidence exists showing that improving maternal calcium or vitamin D status has a long-term positive effect on childhood bone mass. In premature infants, clinical rickets and fractures are common. In utero rates of calcium accretion during the third trimester cannot be readily achieved. The use of fortifiers designed for human-milk-fed infants or specially designed high-mineral-containing formulas allows for bone mineral accretion at or near in utero rates. Recent data have shown that physical therapy programs, judiciously used, in combination with adequate mineral content, can enhance bone mineral mass in preterm infants. There is little evidence for the use of high doses of vitamin D in the management of premature infants. After hospital discharge, continuation of a relatively high mineral intake has been shown to enhance bone mineral acquisition. Future research should include evaluations of the role of maternal vitamin D supplementation on fetal and infant bone mass, the mineral needs of infants weighing < 800 g or < 25 wk gestation, and the optimal discharge management of premature infants who are at risk of low bone mass. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu NR 28 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 604S EP 607S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 137JZ UT WOS:000244290200040 PM 17284763 ER PT J AU Buroker, NE Young, ME Wei, CM Serikawa, K Ge, M Ning, XH Portman, MA AF Buroker, Norman E. Young, Martin E. Wei, Caimiao Serikawa, Kyle Ge, Ming Ning, Xue-Han Portman, Michael A. TI The dominant negative thyroid hormone receptor beta mutant Delta 337T alters PPAR alpha signaling in heart SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE cardiac metabolism; nuclear receptors; microarrays ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FATTY-ACIDS; CROSS-TALK; RESISTANCE; PATHWAYS; GENE; MICE AB PPAR alpha and TR independently regulate cardiac metabolism. Although ligands for both these receptors are currently under evaluation for treatment of congestive heart failure, their interactions or signaling cooperation have not been investigated in heart. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac TRs interact with PPAR alpha regulation of target genes and used mice exhibiting a cardioselective Delta 337T TR beta 1 mutation (MUT) to reveal cross-talk between these nuclear receptors. This dominant negative transgene potently inhibits DNA binding for both wild-type (WT) TR alpha and TR beta. We used UCP3 and MTE-1 as principal reporters and analyzed gene expression from hearts of transgenic ( MUT) and nontransgenic (WT) littermates 6 h after receiving either specific PPAR alpha ligand (WY-14643) or vehicle. Interactions were determined through qRT-PCR analyses, and the extent of these interactions across multiple genes was determined using expression arrays. In the basal state, we detected no differences between groups for protein content for UCP3, PPAR alpha, TR alpha 2, RXR beta, or PGC-1 alpha. However, protein content for TR alpha 1 and the PPAR alpha heterodimeric partner RXR alpha was diminished in MUT, whereas PPAR beta increased. We demonstrated cross-talk between PPAR and TR for multiple genes, including the reporters UCP3 and MTE1. WY-14643 induced a twofold increase in UCP3 gene expression that was totally abrogated in MUT. We demonstrated variable cross-talk patterns, indicating that multiple mechanisms operate according to individual target genes. The nonligand-binding TR beta 1 mutation alters expression for multiple nuclear receptors, providing a novel mechanism for interaction that has not been previously demonstrated. These results indicate that therapeutic response to PPAR alpha ligands may be determined by thyroid hormone state and TR function. C1 Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Express Arrays, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Portman, MA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Pediat, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Michael.Portman@Seattlechildrens.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-60666] NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 292 IS 2 BP E453 EP E460 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00267.2006 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 133FB UT WOS:000243997100010 PM 16985257 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Escobar, J Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Orellana, Renan A. Kimball, Scot R. Suryawan, Agus Escobar, Jeffery Nguyen, Hanh V. Jefferson, Leonard S. Davis, Teresa A. TI Insulin stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonates during endotoxemia despite repression of translation initiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE eukaryotic elongation factor 2; sepsis; mammalian target of rapamycin; eukaryotic initiation factors 4G and 4E ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; SITE-MEDIATED TRANSLATION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; IGF-I; SEPSIS; PIGS; LIVER; PHOSPHORYLATION; METABOLISM AB Skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced in neonatal pigs in response to endotoxemia. To examine the role of insulin in this response, neonatal pigs were infused with endotoxin ( LPS, 0 and 10 mu g (.) kg (-1) (.)h (-1)), whereas glucose and amino acids were maintained at fasting levels and insulin was clamped at fasting or fed ( 2 or 10 mu U/ml) levels. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and translational control mechanisms were examined in longissimus dorsi muscle and liver. In the presence of fasting insulin, LPS reduced muscle protein synthesis ( - 29%), and increasing insulin to fed levels accelerated muscle protein synthesis in both groups ( controls, + 44%; LPS, + 64%). LPS, but not insulin, increased liver protein synthesis by + 28%. In muscle of fasting neonatal pigs, LPS reduced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and eIF4E to eIF4G binding. In muscle of controls, but not LPS pigs, raising insulin to fed levels increased 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation and eIF4E to eIF4G binding. In muscle and liver, neither LPS nor insulin altered eIF2B activity. eEF2 phosphorylation decreased in response to insulin in both LPS and control animals. The results suggest that, in endotoxemic neonatal animals, the response of protein synthesis to insulin is maintained despite suppression of mTOR-dependent translation initiation and eIF4E availability for eIF4F assembly. Maintenance of an anabolic response to the feeding-induced rise in insulin likely exerts a protective effect for the neonate to the catabolic processes induced by sepsis. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Crit Care Sect, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K08-AR-51563-01A1, R01 AR044474, R01-AR-44474]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12-HD-41648, T32-HD-074451] NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 292 IS 2 BP E629 EP E636 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00214.2006 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 133FB UT WOS:000243997100030 PM 17047163 ER PT J AU Rodgers, BD Roalson, EH Weber, GM Roberts, SB Goetz, FW AF Rodgers, Buel D. Roalson, Eric H. Weber, Gregory M. Roberts, Steven B. Goetz, Frederick W. TI A proposed nomenclature consensus for the myostatin gene family SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID BELGIAN BLUE; MUSCLE MASS; MDX MICE; CATTLE; PIEDMONTESE; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; MEMBER; TROUT C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Rodgers, BD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 124 ASLB,POB 646351, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM danrodgers@wsu.edu OI Roberts, Steven/0000-0001-8302-1138 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 292 IS 2 BP E371 EP E372 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00395.2006 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 133FB UT WOS:000243997100001 PM 17003236 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Banuelos, H Anderson, RC Carstens, GE Slay, LJ Ramlachan, N Horrocks, SM Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ AF Gutierrez-Banuelos, Hector Anderson, Robin C. Carstens, Gordon E. Slay, Lisa J. Ramlachan, Nicole Horrocks, Shane M. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Thomas S. Nisbet, David J. TI Zoonotic bacterial populations, gut fermentation characteristics and methane production in feedlot steers during oral nitroethane treatment and after the feeding of an experimental chlorate product SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE pre-harvest food safety; chlorate; nitroethane; rumen; feces; methane ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; METABOLIZING BACTERIUM; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BEEF-CATTLE; RUMEN; NITROCOMPOUNDS; REDUCTION; EMISSIONS; SUPPLEMENTATION; 3-NITROPROPANOL AB Nitroethane inhibits the growth of certain zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter and Sahnonella spp., foodborne pathogens estimated to cause millions of human infections each year, and enhances the Sabrionella- and Escherichia coli-killing effect of an experimental chlorate product being developed as a feed additive to kill these bacteria immediately pre-harvest. Limited studies have shown that nitroethane inhibits ruminal methane production, which represents a loss of 2-12% of the host's gross energy intake and contributes to global warming and destruction of the ozone layer. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of 14-day oral nitroethane administration, 0 (0X), 80 (1X) or 160 (2X)mg nitroethane/kg body weight per day on ruminal and fecal E. coli and Carripylobacter, ruminal and fecal methane-producing and nitroethane-reducing activity, whole animal methane emissions, and ruminal and fecal fermentation balance in Holstein steers (17 = 6 per treatment) averaging 403 +/- 26 (SD) kgBW. An experimental chlorate product was fed the day following the last nitroethane administration to determine effects on E. coli and Campylobacter. The experimental chlorate product decreased (P < 0.001) fecal, but not ruminal (P > 0.05) E. coli concentrations by 1000- and 10-fold by 24 and 48h, respectively, after chlorate feeding when compared to pre-treatment concentrations (> 5.7log(10) colony forming units/g). No effects (P > 0.05) of nitroethane or the experimental chlorate product were observed on fecal Campylobacter concentrations; Campylobacter were not recovered from ruminal contents. Nitroethane treatment decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal (8.46, 7.91 and 4.74 +/- 0.78 mu mol/g/h) and fecal (3.90, 1.36 and 1.38 +/- 0.50 mu mol/g/h) methane-producing activity for treatments 0X, 1X and 2X, respectively. Administration of nitroethane increased (P < 0.001) nitroethane-reducing activity in ruminal, but not fecal samples. Day of study affected ruminal (P < 0.0001) but not fecal (P > 0.05) methane-producing and nitroethane-reducing activities (P < 0.01); treatment by day interactions were not observed (P > 0.05). Ruminal accumulations of acetate decreased (P < 6.05) in 2X-treated steers when compared with 0X- and 1X-treated steers, but no effect (P > 0.05) of nitroethane was observed on propionate, butyrate or the acetate to propionate ratio. Whole animal methane emissions, expressed as L/day or as a proportion of gross energy intake (%GEI), were unaffected by nitroethane treatment (P > 0.05), and were not correlated (P > 0.05) with ruminal methane-producing activity. These results demonstrate that oral nitroethane administration reduces ruminal methane-producing activity but suggest that a microbial adaptation, likely due to an in situ enrichment of ruminal nitroethane-reducing bacteria, may cause depletion of nitroethane, at least at the I X administration dose, to concentrations too low to be effective. Further research is warranted to determine if the optimization of dosage of nitroethane or related nitrocompouds can mairttain the enteropathogen control and anti-methanogen effect in fed steers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.11.002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158AS UT WOS:000245763700004 PM 17208022 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Anderson, JV Bigger, BB AF Weiland, John J. Anderson, James V. Bigger, Brant B. TI Inexpensive chemifluorescent detection of antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugates on Western blots using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CLONING; VIRUS C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilandj@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 361 IS 1 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.012 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 127GC UT WOS:000243572300016 PM 17173851 ER PT J AU Brenneman, RA Chase, CC Olson, TA Riley, DG Coleman, SW AF Brenneman, R. A. Chase, C. C., Jr. Olson, T. A. Riley, D. G. Coleman, S. W. TI Genetic diversity among Angus, American Brahman, Senepol and Romosinuano cattle breeds SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE beef breeds; genetic distance; genetic variation; inbreeding; microsatellites; tropics ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; MARKERS AB The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among breeds under evaluation for tropical adaptability traits that affect the performance of beef cattle at the USDA/ARS SubTropical Agricultural Research Station (STARS) near Brooksville, FL, USA. Twenty-six microsatellite loci were used to estimate parameters of genetic diversity among the breeds American Brahman, Angus, Senepol and Romosinuano; the latter was comprised of two distinct bloodlines (Costa Rican and Venezuelan). Genotypes of 47 animals from each of these STARS herds were analysed for genetic diversity and genetic distance. Using two methods, the greatest genetic distance was detected between the Costa Rican line of Romosinuano and the Senepol. Gene diversity ranged between 0.64 (Costa Rican line of Romosinuano) and 0.75 (American Brahman). The breed relationship inferences, which are based on genetic distance, provide additional tools for consideration in future crossbreeding studies and for testing the relationship between quantified breed diversity and observed heterosis. C1 USDA ARS, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chase, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM cccj@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01551.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 130HG UT WOS:000243790100008 PM 17257188 ER PT J AU Mariasegaram, M Chase, CC Chaparro, JX Olson, TA Brenneman, RA Niedz, RP AF Mariasegaram, M. Chase, C. C., Jr. Chaparro, J. X. Olson, T. A. Brenneman, R. A. Niedz, R. P. TI The slick hair coat locus maps to chromosome 20 in Senepol-derived cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cattle; DNA pooling; heat stress; interval mapping; slick hair gene ID HEAT TOLERANCE; PROLACTIN RECEPTOR; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; DAIRY-CATTLE; GENE; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; BRAHMAN; FLORIDA; ANGUS AB The ability to maintain normal temperatures during heat stress is an important attribute for cattle in the subtropics and tropics. Previous studies have shown that Senepol cattle and their crosses with Holstein, Charolais and Angus animals are as heat tolerant as Brahman cattle. This has been attributed to the slick hair coat of Senepol cattle, which is thought to be controlled by a single dominant gene. In this study, a genome scan using a DNA-pooling strategy indicated that the slick locus is most likely on bovine chromosome 20 (BTA20). Interval mapping confirmed the BTA20 assignment and refined the location of the locus. In total, 14 microsatellite markers were individually genotyped in two pedigrees consisting of slick and normal-haired cattle (n = 36), representing both dairy and beef breeds. The maximum LOD score was 9.4 for a 4.4-cM support interval between markers DIK2416 and BM4107. By using additional microsatellite markers in this region, and genotyping in six more pedigrees (n = 86), the slick locus was further localized to the DIK4835 - DIK2930 interval. C1 USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. USDA, ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chase, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, STARS, 22271 Chinesgut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM cccj@ufl.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01560.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 130HG UT WOS:000243790100009 PM 17257189 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Lewis, GS AF Stellflug, J. N. Lewis, G. S. TI Effect of early and late exposure to estrual ewes on ram sexual performance classifications SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; rams; sexual behavior; estrus; ewe exposure; rearing conditions ID YEARLING RAMS; BEHAVIOR AB This study was conducted to determine whether exposure of ram lambs to estrual ewes during their first autumn and again as adults just before serving capacity tests (SCT) affected the outcome of the sexual performance tests. Treatments were either early exposure of Polypay ram lambs (i.e., 7-8-mo-old rams with ewes for 17 d [n=30] or no early exposure [n=30]), and late exposure (i.e., 16-19-mo-old rams with estrual ewes for 3 d) or no exposure to estrual ewes in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Three serving capacity tests were conducted immediately after the early exposure period for individual ram lambs that were exposed to ewes early. Three sham sexual performance tests (i.e., four ram lambs placed in test pens for 30-min without ewes) were conducted with ram lambs that were not exposed to ewes early. All rams were evaluated during nine 30-min serving capacity tests over a 2-mo period at 16-19 mo of age to determine sexual performance. Prior to serving capacity tests, one half of the rams from each early exposure treatment were exposed to estrual-induced ewes for 3 d. Specific sexual behaviors (e.g., sniffs, flehmens, foreleg kicks, vocalizations, mount attempts, mounts, and ejaculations) were recorded during serving capacity tests. Number of sniffs, flehmens, foreleg kicks, vocalizations, and mount attempts were summed without estimating the value of importance and analyzed as courtship behaviors. Sexual performance data were analyzed with Mixed model procedures for repeated measures. During serving capacity tests, the early exposed rams exhibited more courtships (40.3 +/- 8.0 versus 23.4 +/- 4.6; P < 0.05; LSM estimated SE), mounts (11.3 +/- 1.0 versus 7.7 +/- 0.9; P < 0.01), and ejaculations (3.3 +/- 0.2 or 2.4 +/- 0.2; P < 0.01) than rams not exposed to ewes as ram lambs, respectively. We conclude that early exposure of 7-8-mo-old ram lambs to estrual ewes improves sexual performance in serving capacity tests at 16-19 mo of age in most rams whereas, late exposure to estrual ewes for 3 d prior to serving capacity tests did not improve sexual performance scores. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, 19 Off Loop, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM jstellflug@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.02.007 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 118FG UT WOS:000242927100009 PM 16533578 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Akuffo, V Trefil, P Brillard, JP AF Bakst, M. R. Akuffo, V. Trefil, P. Brillard, J. P. TI Morphological and histochemical characterization of the seminiferous epithelial and Leydig cells of the turkey SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; spermatogonial stem cells; seminiferous epithelium ID LECTIN-BINDING; STEM-CELLS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; RAT TESTIS; MOUSE; SPERMATOGONIA; EPIDIDYMIS; TRANSPLANTATION; SPERMATOGENESIS; SPERMATIDS AB Unlike mammals, there is little fundamental information about spermatogenesis in birds. This study was undertaken to clarify the morphology, histochemistry, and lectin affinity of the seminiferous epithelial cells and Leydig cells in pre-pubertal (8- to 15-week old) and adult (40- to 44-week old) domestic turkeys. In adult turkeys, three types of spermatogonia were defined based on their chromatin distribution and nuclear morphology: the dark type A (A(d)); the pale type A (A(P)); and the type B. The Ad is the least numerous and least conspicuous and consequently difficult to locate. Based on its spatial distribution and overall morphology, type Ad spermatogonia were postulated to be the spermatogonia stem cells in the turkey. Antibodies to c-kit were localized to spermatogonia in the pre-pubertal and to a lesser extent in adult males. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) was specific for spermatocytes in the pre-pubertal males and spermatogonia and early spermatocytes in adult males. Wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) highlighted Sertoli cells in both age groups. Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, soybean agglutinin, and winged-pea agglutinin staining were limited to the wall of the seminiferous tubule and some extra-tubular cell types. Concanavalin A staining was diffuse and not cell-specific and, therefore, could not be used to selectively identify a particular cell type. It was concluded that WGA and PNA could aid in identifying specific cell types in the seminiferous epithelium of testis from prepubertal and mature turkeys. Only Leydig cells were alkaline phosphatase reactive in the mature turkey testes. The information from this study is being used to adapt techniques for the isolation and partial purification developed for mammalian spermatogonia to avian spermatogonia and other specific cell types in the testes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. BIOPHARM, Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Area, Bldg 200,BARC E,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.02.009 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 118FG UT WOS:000242927100010 PM 16621350 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann TI The sequence of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of the patulin biosynthetic pathway in Penicillium species SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple juice; patulin; Penicillium ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TERVERTICILLATE PENICILLIA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; MYCOTOXINS; PROFILES; EXPANSUM; PROBE AB Interest in species of the genus Penicillium is related to their ability to produce the mycotoxin patulin and to cause spoilage of fruit products worldwide. The sequence of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene, a gene in the patulin biosynthetic pathway, was determined for 28 strains representing 12 different Penicillium species known to produce the mycotoxin patulin. Isolates of Penicillium carneum, Penicillium clavigerum, Penicillium concentricum, Penicillium coprobium, Penicillium dipodomyicola, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium gladioli, Penicillium glandicola, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium paneum, Penicillium sclerotigenum and Penicillium vulpinum were compared. Primer pairs for DNA amplification and sequencing were designed from the P. griseofulvum idh gene ( GenBank AF006680). The two introns present were removed from the nucleotide sequences, which were translated to produce the IDH sequences of the 12 species for comparison. Phylogenetic relationships among the species were determined from rDNA (ITS1, 5.8 S, ITS2 and partial sequence of 28S rDNA) and from the idh nucleotide sequences minus the two introns. Maximum parsimony analysis showed trees based on rDNA and idh sequences to be congruent. It is anticipated that the genetic information obtained in the present study will aid in the design of probes, specific for patulin biosynthetic pathway genes, to identify the presence of these mycotoxigenic fungi. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD FEB PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10482-006-9109-3 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137NR UT WOS:000244299800010 PM 17043910 ER PT J AU Besser, TE Shaikh, N Holt, NJ Tarr, PI Konkel, ME Malik-Kale, P Walsh, CW Whittam, TS Bon, JL AF Besser, Thomas E. Shaikh, Nurmohammad Holt, Nicholas J. Tarr, Phillip I. Konkel, Michael E. Malik-Kale, Preetl Walsh, Collin W. Whittam, Thomas S. Bono, James L. TI Greater diversity of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among Escherichia coli O157 : H7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; GENOME SEQUENCE; STRAINS; OUTBREAK; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; SUBPOPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; EMERGENCE; ADHERENCE AB Escherichia coli O157:H7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a Shiga toxin(s) (Stx) encoded by bacteriophages. Chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of E. coli O157:H7. Stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. A total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isolates, belonged to cluster 1, 2, or 3 (P < 0.001). Thirteen additional genotypes were identified in isolates from both cattle and humans (four genotypes), from only cattle (seven genotypes), or from only humans (two genotypes). Two other markers previously associated with isolates from cattle or with clinical isolates showed similar associations with genotype groups within bovine isolates; the tir allele sp-1 and the Q133,, allele were under- and overrepresented, respectively, among cluster I to 3 genotypes. Stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site typing demonstrated that there is broad genetic diversity of E. coli O157:H7 in the bovine reservoir and that numerous genotypes are significantly underrepresented among clinical isolates, consistent with the possibility that there is reduced virulence or transmissibility to humans of some bovine E. coli O157:H7 genotypes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Michigan State Univ, Microbial Evolut Lab, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Hlth Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Besser, TE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tbesser@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI30058, N01AI30055, N01-AI-30058]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK052081, DK58911, DK52081, R01 DK058911] NR 35 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 671 EP 679 DI 10.1128/AEM.01035-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800002 PM 17142358 ER PT J AU Knoshaug, EP Ahlgren, JA Trempy, JE AF Knoshaug, Eric P. Ahlgren, Jeff A. Trempy, Janine E. TI Exopolysaccharide expression in Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris Ropy352: Evidence for novel gene organization SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SFI6; ACID BACTERIA; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION; INSERTION SEQUENCES; YOGURT PRODUCTION; STARTER CULTURES; FERMENTED MILK; PLASMID; LACTOBACILLUS AB Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Ropy352 produces two distinct heteropolysaccharides, phenotypically described as ropy and mucoid, when cultured in nonfat milk. One exopolysaccharide precipitated with 50% ethanol as a series of elongated threads and was composed of glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3:2. The second exopolysaccharide precipitated with 75% ethanol as a fine flocculant and consisted of galactose, glucose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 67:21:12. A mutant strain, L. lactis subsp. cremoris EK240, lacking the ropy phenotype did not produce the exopolysaccharide that precipitated with 50% ethanol; however, it produced the exopolysaccharide that precipitated with 75% ethanol, indicating that the former exopolysaccharide is essential for the ropy phenotype. Cultures of L. lactis subsp. cremoris Ropy352 in 10% nonfat milk reached a viscosity of 25 Pa-s after 24 h, while those of the nonropy L. lactis subsp. cremoris EK240 mutant did not change. A mutation abolishing ropy exopolysaccharide expression mapped to a region on a plasmid containing two open reading frames, epsM and epsN, encoding novel glycosyltransferases bordered by ISS1 elements oriented in the same direction. Sequencing of this plasmid revealed two other regions involved in exopolysaccharide expression, an operon located between partial IS981 and IS982 elements, and an independent gene, epsU. Two and possibly three of these regions are involved in L. lactis subsp. cremoris Ropy352 exopolysaccharide expression and are arranged in a novel fashion different from that of typical lactococcal exopolysaccharide loci, and this provides genetic evidence for exopolysaccharide gene reorganization and evolution in Lactococcus. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Trempy, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Nash Hall 220, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM trempyj@oregonstate.edu NR 56 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 897 EP 905 DI 10.1128/AEM.01945-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800029 PM 17122391 ER PT J AU Harris, NB Payeur, J Bravo, D Osorio, R Stuber, T Farrell, D Paulson, D Treviso, S Mikolon, A Rodriguez-Lainz, A Cernek-Hoskins, S Rast, R Ginsberg, M Kinde, H AF Harris, N. Beth Payeur, Janet Bravo, Doris Osorio, Ruben Stuber, Tod Farrell, David Paulson, Debra Treviso, Scarlett Mikolon, Andrea Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon Rast, Robert Ginsberg, Michele Kinde, Hailu TI Recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from soft fresh cheese originating in Mexico SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SAN-DIEGO; IDENTIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; CHILDREN; CATTLE; MILK AB Recent outbreaks of human tuberculosis in the United States caused by Mycobacterium bovis have implicated cheese originating in Mexico as a source of these infections. A total of 203 samples of cheese originating in Mexico were cultured, and M. bovis was recovered from one specimen. Therefore, M. bovis can be recovered from cheese and may be a source of human infections. C1 USDA, APHIS, NVSL, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anim Hlth & Food Safety Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Off Binatl Border Hlth, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, San Diego, CA 92154 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cty San Diego HHSA, Community Epidemiol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Harris, NB (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, NVSL, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Beth.N.Harris@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1028 DI 10.1128/AEM.01956-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800047 PM 17142354 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Zhang, Q Guo, JH Charkowski, AO Glick, BR Ibekwe, AM Cooksey, DA Yang, CH AF Yang, Shihui Zhang, Qiu Guo, Jianhua Charkowski, Amy O. Glick, Bernard R. Ibekwe, A. Mark Cooksey, Donald A. Yang, Ching-Hong TI Global effect of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis on multiple virulence factors of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CAROTOVORA SUBSP CAROTOVORA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; III SECRETION SYSTEM; SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA; REGULATORY RNA RSMB; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; PECTATE LYASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES AB Production of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widespread among plant-associated microorganisms. The non-gall-forming phytopathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 (strain Ech3937) possesses iaaM (ASAP16562) and iaaH (ASAP16563) gene homologues. In this work, the null knockout iaaM mutant strain Ech138 was constructed. The IAA production by Ech138 was reduced in M9 minimal medium supplemented with L-tryptophan. Compared with wild-type Ech3937, Ech138 exhibited reduced ability to produce local maceration, but its multiplication in Saintpaulia ionantha was unaffected. The pectate lyase production of Ech138 was diminished. Compared with wild-type Ech3937, the expression levels of an oligogalacturonate lyase gene, ogl, and three endopectate lyase genes, pelD, pelI, and pelL, were reduced in Ech138 as determined by a green fluorescent protein-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting promoter activity assay. In addition, the transcription of type III secretion system (T3SS) genes, dspE (a putative T3SS effector) and hrpN (T3SS harpin), was found to be diminished in the iaaM mutant Ech138. Compared with Ech3937, reduced expression of hrpL (a T3SS alternative sigma factor) and gacA but increased expression of rsmA in Ech138 was also observed, suggesting that the regulation of T3SS and pectate lyase genes by IAA biosynthesis might be partially due to the posttranscriptional regulation of the Gae-Rsm regulatory pathway. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM chyang@uwm.edu RI YANG, SHIHUI/A-6526-2008 OI YANG, SHIHUI/0000-0002-9394-9148 NR 106 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1088 DI 10.1128/AEM.01770-06 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 139PG UT WOS:000244443700006 PM 17189441 ER PT J AU Chan, K Miller, WG Mandrell, RE Kathariou, S AF Chan, Kamfai Miller, William G. Mandrell, Robert E. Kathariou, Sophia TI The absence of intervening sequences in 23S rRNA genes of Campylobacter coli isolates from turkeys is a unique attribute of a cluster of related strains which also lack resistance to erythromycin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; TYPING SYSTEM; JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; FRAGMENTATION; POULTRY; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; BROILERS AB Certain Campylobacter strains harbor a transcribed intervening sequence (IVS) in their 23S rRNA genes. Following transcription, the IVS is excised, leading to fragmentation of the 23S rRNA. The origin and possible functions of the IVS are unknown. Furthermore, the distribution of IVS-harboring strains within Campylobacter populations is poorly understood. In this study, 104 strains of Campylobacter coli from turkeys, representing 27 different multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (STs), were characterized in terms of IVS content and erythromycin susceptibility. Sixty-nine strains harbored IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes, whereas the other 35 strains lacked IVSs from at least one of the genes. The STs of the latter strains belonged to an unusual cluster of C. coli STs (cluster 11), earlier found primarily in turkey strains and characterized by the presence of the C jejuni aspA103 allele. The majority (66/69) of strains harboring IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes were resistant to erythromycin, whereas none of the 35 strains with at least one IVS-free 23S rRNA gene were resistant. Cluster II strains could be transformed to erythromycin resistance with genomic DNA from C. coli that harbored IVS and the A2075G transition in the 23S rRNA gene, associated with resistance to erythromycin in Campylobacter. Erythromycin-resistant transformants harbored both the A2075 transition and IVS. The findings suggest that the absence of IVS in C. coli from turkeys is characteristic of a unique clonal group of erythromycin-susceptible strains and that IVS can be acquired by these strains via natural transformation to erythromycin resistance. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, CB 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sophia_kathariou@ncsu.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1214 DI 10.1128/AEM.01995-06 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 139PG UT WOS:000244443700021 PM 17189444 ER PT J AU Pils, JRV Laird, DA Evangelou, VP AF Pils, Jutta R. V. Laird, David A. Evangelou, Vasilios P. TI Role of cation demixing and quasicrystal formation and breakup on the stability of smectitic colloids SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cation demixing; clay-humic complexes; flocculation-dispersion; smectite; colloidal stability; quasicrystals ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; SOIL CLAYS; EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ILLITE SUSPENSIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; IRON-OXIDES; MONTMORILLONITE AB The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory has been extensively used to explain colloid stability. This study investigated the effect of demixing of monovalent and divalent cations and crystalline swelling on the breakup and formation of smectite quasicrystals (QCs) and how these processes affect flocculation and dispersion of natural soil clay-humic complexes. The results indicated that in a Ca-dominated system the formation of large QCs enhanced flocculation and that increasing the concentration of Na+, K+, or NH4+ resulted in the breakup of large Ca-QCs, which enhanced dispersion. In low ionic strength systems, dispersion was caused by expanded double layers (DLVO) and the formation of small QCs. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that as large Ca-QCs breakup, monovalent cations resided primarily on the external surfaces and Ca2+ was preferentially retained in the interlayers. In high ionic strength systems increasing concentrations of monovalent cations also decreased the size of QCs but the effect was partially counteracted by compression of double layers between QCs. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that monovalent cations were sorbed on both the external surfaces and in the interlayers in high ionic strength systems. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM laird@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 EI 1872-9053 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.clay.2006.09.014 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 144WK UT WOS:000244826900008 ER PT J AU Chang, IA Kim, IH Kang, SC Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Chang, In-Ae Kim, In-Hwan Kang, Sun-Chul Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Production of 7, 10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from triolein via lipase induction by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3; hydroxy fatty acid; triolein; lipase; bioconversion; dihydroxy fatty acid ID HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; FLAVOBACTERIUM SP DS5; LINOLEIC-ACID; OLEIC-ACID; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION; ENZYME; HYDRATASE; OXIDATION; PLANT AB Hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) have gained importance because of their special properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity compared with other non-hydroxy fatty acids. The bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) was reported to produce mono-, di-, and trihydroxy fatty acids from different unsaturated fatty acids. Of those, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) was produced with high yield from oleic acid by PR3. Up to now, the substrates used for microbial HFA production were free fatty acids. However, it is possible to utilize triacylglycerides, specifically triolein containing three oleic groups, as a substrate by microbial enzyme system involved in HFA production from oleic acid. In this study we used triolein as a substrate and firstly report that triolein could be efficiently utilized by PR3 to produce DOD. Triolein was first hydrolyzed into oleic acid by the triolein-induced lipase and then the released oleic acid was converted to DOD by PR3. Results from this study demonstrated that natural vegetable oils, without being intentionally hydrolyzed, could be used as efficient substrates for the microbial production of value-added hydroxy fatty acids. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Korea Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Daegu Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Biotechnol, Gyungsan, South Africa. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM hakrkim@knu.ac.kr NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0662-5 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 132SC UT WOS:000243961500006 PM 17082930 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Swart, WJ Louw, SV Weeks, WJ AF Blodgett, J. T. Swart, W. J. vdM. Louw, S. Weeks, W. J. TI Soil amendments and watering influence the incidence of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternaria tenuissima; Amaranth; fertilizer; fungal ecology; latent-infecting pathogen; soil treatments ID SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA; CYTOSPORA CANKER; STRESS; DISEASE; PINE; PREDISPOSITION; PHYLLOSPHERE; GRASSES; NEEDLES; GROWTH AB A study was conducted to determine the influence of soil amendments and irrigation on the incidence of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus. Five- and 6-month-old, asymptomatic tissues from A. hybridus were sampled from cultivated plots at Potchefstroom, South Africa in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Soil treatments consisted of the addition of commercial fertilizer or manure to irrigated soils, and wood ash to nonirrigated soils; control plots were neither amended nor irrigated. Ten leaves, 10 petioles, and 10 roots from each of five plants per soil treatment were surface disinfested and small sections from each were placed on corn-meat agar (8000 isolation attempts). After 5 days, the resulting fungal colonies were counted. Significant differences in recovery of fungi occurred among the soil treatments (P < 0.01) and among plant parts (P < 0.01). The highest recovery occurred from the commercial fertilizer and watered treatment (least stressed) for leaves and petioles in both years. Higher fungal recovery also occurred in the wettest year front leaves and petioles for all soil treatments. In contrast, roots yielded higher fungal recovery in the driest year for all soil treatments. These results show that soil attributes can influence frequency of endophytic fungi in both above- and below-ground tissues. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Free State, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. Univ Free State, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. NW Tech Support Serv, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Blodgett, JT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Management, 1730 Samco Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jblodgett@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.07.010 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 126XG UT WOS:000243548200006 ER PT J AU Hakim, RS Blackburn, MB Corti, P Gelman, DB Goodman, C Elsen, K Loeb, MJ Lynn, D Soin, T Smagghe, G AF Hakim, R. S. Blackburn, M. B. Corti, P. Gelman, D. B. Goodman, C. Elsen, K. Loeb, M. J. Lynn, D. Soin, T. Smagghe, G. TI Growth and mitogenic effects of arylphorin in vivo and in vitro SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arylphorin; mitogen; growth; insect ID LARVAL MIDGUT CELLS; WING IMAGINAL DISKS; FAT-BODY EXTRACT; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; STORAGE PROTEINS; INSECT MIDGUT; LEPIDOPTERA; LINES; MOTH AB In insects, developmental responses are organ- and tissue-specific. In previous studies of insect midgut cells in primary tissue cultures, growth-promoting and differentiation factors were identified from the growth media, hemolymph, and fat body. Recently, it was determined that the mitogenic effect of a Manduca sexta fat body extract on midgut stem cells of Heliothis virescens was due to the presence of monomeric alpha-arylphorin. Here we report that in primary midgut cell cultures, this some arylphorin stimulates stem cell proliferation in the lepidopterans M. sexta and Spodoptera littoralis, and in the beetle Leptinotarso decemlineata. Studies using S. littorolis cells confirm that the mitogenic effect is due to free alpha-arylphorm subunits. In addition, feeding artificial diets containing arylphorin increased the growth rates of several insect species. When tested against continuous cell lines, including some with midgut and fat body origins, arylphorin had no effect; however, a cell line derived from Lymentria dispar fat body grew more rapidly in medium containing a chymotryptic digest of arylphorin. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Biol, Milan, Italy. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dept Biol, Lab Cellular Genet, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Dept Crop Protect, Ghent, Belgium. RP Hakim, RS (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Anat, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM rhakim@mac.com NR 42 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1002/arch.20155 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 129GO UT WOS:000243716800001 PM 17212351 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP McKenna, LF Hu, XJ Lohrke, SM Kong, HS de Souza, JT Baker, CJ Lydon, J AF Roberts, Daniel P. McKenna, Laurie F. Hu, Xiaojia Lohrke, Scott M. Kong, Hye Suk de Souza, Jorge T. Baker, C. Jacyn Lydon, John TI Mutation in cyaA in Enterobacter cloacae decreases cucumber root colonization SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; colonization; cyclic AMP; cyaA; rhizosphere ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; CYCLIC-AMP; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; RECEPTOR PROTEIN AB Strains of Enterobacter cloacae show promise as biological control agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. Enterobacter cloacae M59 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3. Populations of M59 were significantly lower on cucumber roots and decreased much more rapidly than those of strain 501R3 with increasing distance from the soil line. Strain M59 was decreased or deficient in growth and chemotaxis on most individual compounds detected in cucumber root exudate and on a synthetic cucumber root exudate medium. Strain M59 was also slightly less acid resistant than strain 501R3. Molecular characterization of strain M59 demonstrated that mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in cyaA, which encodes adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of cAMP and cAMP levels in cell lysates from strain M59 were approximately 2% those of strain 501R3. Addition of exogenous, nonphysiological concentrations of cAMP to strain M59 restored growth (1 mM) and chemotaxis (5 mM) on synthetic cucumber root exudate and increased cucumber seedling colonization (5 mM) by this strain without serving as a source of reduced carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorous. These results demonstrate a role for cyaA in colonization of cucumber roots by Enterobacter cloacae. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 187 IS 2 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s00203-006-0177-6 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131WV UT WOS:000243903700002 PM 17024489 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL French, R AF Robertson, N. L. French, R. TI Genetic analysis of a novel Alaska barley yellow dwarf virus in the family Luteoviridae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; STRAINS; ISOLATE; GAV; PAV AB A new plant virus belonging to the family Luteoviridae and isolated from diseased oat (Avena sativa L.) plants was discovered in Alaska in 2003. Even though plants with red/orange leaves were indicative of barley yellow dwarf disease, they were not reactive to specific antibodies corresponding to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-MAV, -PAV, -SGV, and cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). An alternative RT-PCR assay that incorporated Shu-F/Yan-R primers for detection of BYDV-MAV, -PAS, -PAV, and SGV was effective in producing similar to 830-nt fragments that contained genomic sequences to the 3'-terminus of the polymerase gene (ORF 2), the intergenic region (similar to 113 nt), the coat protein gene (ORF 3), and the putative movement gene (ORF 4). The Alaskan isolates were most similar to BYDV-MAV with only about 77 and 80% amino acid identity in the CP and ORF 4, respectively. The Alaska isolates coat protein gene sequences differed in several regions that otherwise are conserved among BYDV-MAV isolates, and may be important in serological variations, accounting for the negative ELISA results. Based upon sequence and serological differences, we concluded that the Alaskan BYDV-MAV-like isolates formed a novel species tentatively in the genus Luteovirus, and propose the name BYDV-ORV (oat red-leaf virus). C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Unit, Arctic Germplasm Introduct & Res Project,Palmer R, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Unit, Arctic Germplasm Introduct & Res Project,Palmer R, Palmer, AK USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0846-4 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 128BP UT WOS:000243631200010 PM 17013543 ER PT J AU Comer, J Fletcher, J Davis, RE Melcher, U AF Comer, Jana Fletcher, Jacqueline Davis, Robert E. Melcher, Ulrich TI Evolution of the Spiroplasma P58 multigene family SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS; CITRI; GENE; PROTEIN; GENOME C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Melcher, U (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM u-melcher-4@alumni.uchicago.edu RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010; OI Melcher, Ulrich/0000-0002-5746-205X NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s10528-006-9048-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 135YY UT WOS:000244191000003 PM 17221302 ER PT J AU Henderson, MPA Hwang, YT Dyers, JM Mullen, RT Andrews, DW AF Henderson, Matthew P. A. Hwang, Yeen Ting Dyers, John M. Mullen, Robert T. Andrews, David W. TI The C-terminus of cytochrome b5 confers endoplasmic reticulum SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE C-terminal sequence; cytochrome b5; endoplasmic reticulum; organelle specificity; tail-anchor protein; vesicle-associated; membrane protein (VAMP) ID MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER-MEMBRANE; TAIL-ANCHORED PROTEIN; SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE; INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES; TARGETING SIGNAL; INSERTION; TRANSLOCATION; PATHWAYS; BCL-2; BINDING AB The molecular mechanisms that determine the correct subcellular localization of proteins targeted to membranes by tail-anchor sequences are poorly defined. Previously, we showed that two isoforms of the tung oil tree [Vernicia (Aleurites) fordii] tail-anchored Cb5 (cytochrome b(5)) target specifically to ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membranes both in vivo and in vitro [Hwang, Pelitire, Henderson, Andrews, Dyer and Mullen (2004) Plant Cell 16, 3002-3019]. In the present study, we examine the targeting of various tung Cb5 fusion proteins and truncation mutants to purified intracellular membranes in vitro in order to assess the importance of the charged CTS (C-terminal sequence) in targeting to specific membranes. Removal of the CTS from tung Cb5 proteins resulted in efficient binding to both ER and mitochondria. Results from organelle competition, liposome-binding and membrane proteolysis experiments demonstrated that removal of the CTS results in spontaneous insertion of tang Cb5 proteins into lipid bilayers. Our results indicate that the CTSs from plant Cb5 proteins provide ER specificity by preventing spontaneous insertion into incorrect subcellular membranes. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Andrews, DW (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. EM Andrewsd@mcmaster.ca NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1042/BJ20060990 PN 3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 132ZZ UT WOS:000243982700010 PM 16984229 ER PT J AU Huber, SC AF Huber, S. C. TI Exploring the role of protein phosphorylation in plants: from signalling to metabolism SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BJ Centenary Symposium on Literature, Legacy, Life - Biochemistry for the 21st Century CY JUL 24, 2006 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Biochem Journal, Portland Press Ltd, GE Healthcare, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Alexis Biochem & Axxora Platform, DiscoveRx, Stratagene, Monsanto, European Mol Biol Org DE nitrate; plant metabolism; protein phosphorylation; photosynthesis; reactive oxygen species (ROS); sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) ID NITRATE REDUCTASE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; 14-3-3-OMEGA AB This review presents a broad overview of phosphorylation and signalling in plants. Much of the work of my group in plants focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate the production of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in leaves; in this review, I will discuss nitrate, which is one of the most important of these inorganic nutrients. I also detail how protein phosphorylation in plant cells is altered in response to the presence of reactive oxygen species. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, ERML, 1201 W Gregory Dr 197, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 15 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 BP 28 EP 32 PN 1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136IJ UT WOS:000244215500006 PM 17212583 ER PT J AU Liu, X Monger, HC Whitford, WG AF Liu, X. Monger, H. C. Whitford, W. G. TI Calcium carbonate in termite galleries - biomineralization or upward transport? SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric carbon dioxide; arid and semiarid soils; carbon isotopes; carbon sequestration; Chihuahuan Desert; pedogenic carbonate ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; DESERT SOILS; CALICHE; MOUNDS AB Termites and soil calcium carbonate are major factors in the global carbon cycle: termites by their role in decomposition of organic matter and methane production, and soil calcium carbonate by its storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In arid and semiarid soils, these two factors potentially come together by means of biomineralization of calcium carbonate by termites. In this study, we evaluated this possibility by testing two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 states that termites biomineralize calcium carbonate internally and use it as a cementing agent for building aboveground galleries. Hypothesis 2 states that termites transport calcium carbonate particles from subsoil horizons to aboveground termite galleries where the carbonate detritus becomes part of the gallery construction. These hypotheses were tested by using (1) field documentation that determined if carbonate-containing galleries only occurred on soils containing calcic horizons, (2) C-13/C-12 ratios, (3) X-ray diffraction, (4) petrographic thin sections, (5) scanning electron microscopy, and (6) X-ray mapping. Four study sites were evaluated: a C-4-grassland site with no calcic horizons in the underlying soil, a C-4-grassland site with calcic horizons, a C-3-shrubland site with no calcic horizons, and a C-3-shrubland site with calcic horizons. The results revealed that carbonate is not ubiquitously present in termite galleries. It only occurs in galleries if subsoil carbonate exists within a depth of 100 cm. C-13/C-12 ratios of carbonate in termite galleries typically matched C-13/C-12 ratios of subsoil carbonate. X-ray diffraction revealed that the carbonate mineralogy is calcite in all galleries, in all soils, and in the termites themselves. Thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray mapping revealed that carbonate exists in the termite gut along with other soil particles and plant opal. Each test argued against the biomineralization hypothesis and for the upward-transport hypothesis. We conclude, therefore, that the gallery carbonate originated from upward transport and that this CaCO3 plays a less active role in short-term carbon sequestration than it would have otherwise played if it had been biomineralized directly by the termites. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA Agr Res Serv, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Monger, HC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9067-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 147HP UT WOS:000244994300003 ER PT J AU Nadeau, JA Qualls, RG Nowak, RS Blank, RR AF Nadeau, Jeffrey A. Qualls, Robert G. Nowak, Robert S. Blank, Robert R. TI The potential bioavailability of organic C, N, and P through enzyme hydrolysis in soils of the Mojave Desert SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycles; cellulase; mineralization; peroxidase; phosphatase; protease ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ELEVATED CO2; PHOSPHORUS; MATTER; LIGNIN; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; EXTRACTION AB Increases in the growth rate of plants and microbes in the Mojave Desert in response to predicted increases in precipitation and CO(2) due to global climate change may induce nutrient limitations. This study was designed to measure the pool of potentially bioavailable nutrients in soils of the Mojave Desert. Soils were collected from shrub and interspace microsites and then subjected to amendment with buffered solutions of an excess of various enzymes. The products of each enzyme reaction were then measured and the maximum quantity of hydrolyzable substrates was calculated. In interspace and shrub microsite soils, respectively, 14.5 and 9.7% of the organic C in the form cellulose, 60.0-97.8% and 61.2-100.0% of the organic N in the form protein, and 44.0 and 57.5% of the organic P was hydrolyzable. There were significant differences between microsites for hydrolyzable substrate using all enzyme amendments, except protease. We propose that accumulations of hydrolyzable organic C, N, and P in the Mojave Desert could be a result of the persistently dry soil conditions often found in desert ecosystems and the immobilization of enzymes, which may result in low diffusivity of soil substrates and enzymes and, accordingly, little degradation of organic C, N, and P. Alternatively, rapid nutrient cycling and immobilization by soil microorganisms could account for accumulations of organic C, N, and P. Further refinement of the methods used in this study could lead to a valuable tool for the assessment of potential bioavailability of nutrients in a variety of soils. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Qualls, RG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM qualls@unr.edu NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10533-007-9077-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 147HP UT WOS:000244994300008 ER PT J AU McAlpine, CA Spies, TA Norman, P Peterson, A AF McAlpine, C. A. Spies, T. A. Norman, P. Peterson, A. TI Conserving forest biodiversity across multiple land ownerships: Lessons from the Northwest Forest Plan and the Southeast Queensland regional forests agreement (Australia) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conflict; land ownership; science and policy; sustainable forest management; uncertainty ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; THRESHOLDS; SCIENCE; MAMMALS; OREGON; TRENDS AB As the area of the world's forests shrinks, the management of production forests is becoming increasingly paramount for biodiversity conservation. In the United States and Australia, public debate and controversy about the management of production forests during the later decades of the 20th century resulted in governments adopting sweeping top-down changes to forest policy, with regional forest plans a cornerstone of this process. This paper reviews the biodiversity conservation outcomes of two such processes, the Southeast Queensland Forests Agreement (Australia) and the Northwest Forest Plan (United States). Several key lessons are identified. First, these plans are significant steps forward in the struggle to conserve forest biodiversity while providing for production of timber. Second, expanding the conservation reserve system by itself does not necessarily ensure biodiversity conservation, especially if reserves are traded off for increased timber harvesting in forests outside of reserves or if certain important elements of biodiversity are not accounted for either by conservation forests or production forests. Third, reserves often need active management to restore diversity in previously-logged forests and reduce fuels that have accumulated as a result of fire exclusion. Fourth, the current plans fall short of the comprehensive whole-of-landscape, multiple-ownership approach needed to support long-term sustainable forestry and biodiversity conservation. Fifth, adaptive management was not adequately institutionalized and sometimes misapplied, although, in the case of the Pacific Northwest, a major regional monitoring strategy was developed and partially implemented. Finally, ecological science suffered in the collision with the socio-political decision-making process due to the limited scope that was left for testing and evaluating the new approaches to forest management. We conclude, based on the evaluation of the two regional plans, that regional biodiversity conservation goals may be better achieved by implementing sustainable forest management practices across all ownerships and involving all stakeholders and the broader community. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Architecture, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Queensland Environm Protect Agcy, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP McAlpine, CA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Architecture, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.mcalpine@uq.edu.au RI McAlpine, Clive/A-3907-2010 NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 580 EP 592 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.009 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 144BJ UT WOS:000244769800012 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AC Stubbs, TL AF Kennedy, A. C. Stubbs, T. L. TI Management effects on the incidence of jointed goatgrass inhibitory rhizobacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; deleterious rhizobacteria; microbe-plant interactions; rhizosphere ecology ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; WINTER-WHEAT; DOWNY BROME; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TOXIN PRODUCTION; CROP RESIDUES; WEED-CONTROL; GROWTH; PSEUDOMONADS AB Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host., JGG), a winter annual grass weed, is a major threat to small grain production in the United States. It infests an estimated 2 million hectares in the US and causes annual losses of $145 million in crop yield and quality. Selective herbicides are available only for certain herbicide-resistant crop varieties and alternative management practices are tillage, burning, or rotation to less profitable crops. We evaluated bacteria that were isolated from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., WW), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L., DB), and JGG roots to determine their potential as biological control agents for JGG. The bacteria were sequentially screened in laboratory bioassay, growth chamber and field studies for their effect on JGG and WW root growth. In laboratory studies, 1236 isolates (50%) of the 2450 naturally occurring soil bacteria tested were inhibitory to JGG seedling growth. Only 76 isolates (3.1%) inhibited JGG, but not WW in the in vitro bioassays. In the growth chamber, only 7 (0.3%) of the isolates inhibited JGG growth and not WW. In field studies, 4 of the 7 isolates selected after bioassay and growth chamber tests inhibited JGG more than 30%. Conventional tillage systems maintained higher populations of inhibitory bacteria than no-tillage systems. The number of bacteria inhibitory to JGG was greater in the spring sampling and at the highest level of nitrogen fertilization. Crop rotation had little effect on the incidence of jointed goatgrass inhibitory bacteria. Different JGG accessions from the western US were diverse in their response to inhibitory bacteria. Weed-suppressive bacteria isolated from plant roots and soil have the potential to be used as biological control agents for JGG. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kennedy, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 217 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM akennedy@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.10.006 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 131MN UT WOS:000243873200008 ER PT J AU White, SE Tipping, PW Becnel, JJ AF White, S. E. Tipping, Philip W. Becnel, James J. TI First isolation of a Helicosporidium sp (Chlorophyta : Trebouxiophyceae) from the biological control agent Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cyrtobagous salviniae; giant salvinia; Salvinia molesta; biological control of weeds; insect pathogen; Helicosporidium AB Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a weevil that has been introduced into at least 16 countries as a biological control agent for the floating fern, Salvinia molesta. Screening in Florida of C. salviniae imported from South Africa found a pathogen identified as a previously unknown species of Helicosporidium (Chlorophyta: Trebouxiophyceae). Fresh cysts measured 5.1 x 4.8 pm and ultrastructural examination demonstrated the presence of three ovoid cells surrounded by a filamentous cell. Cysts of this pathogen were isolated and transmitted to the alternate hosts Helicoverpazea and Anopheles quadrimaculalus. This is the first report of a pathogen from C salviniae and demonstrates the need for and value of screening and monitoring biological control agents for pathogens prior to introduction. Releasing healthy C salviniae not only enhances the chances for successful control of S. molesta but also reduces the risk for the inadvertent introduction of pathogens that may have undesirable and unexpected impacts on native fauna. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM ptipping@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 243 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.014 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 131MN UT WOS:000243873200012 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Cooke, PH Chau, HK Coffin, DR Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Cooke, Peter H. Chau, Hoa K. Coffin, David R. Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. TI Global structures of high methoxyl pectin from solution and in gels SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ORANGE ALBEDO; CELL WALLS; POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUBSTANCES AB Images of high methoxyl orange pectin deposited from solution and high methoxyl sugar acid gels (HMSAG) were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the tapping mode. For the first time, images of pectin deposited from water revealed that the transition from pectin networks to individual molecules or aggregates thereof occurred at concentrations between 6.5 and 13.1 mu g/mL. At 6.5 mu g/mL, shapes included rods, segmented rods, kinked rods, rings, branched molecules, and dense circular areas. At 13.1 mu g/mL, all of these shapes were integrated into networks. These same structures were discernible in pectin high methoxyl sugar acid gels. Thus one might consider pectin networks in water at concentrations in excess of 10 mu g/mL to be separate fluid precursors of networks in high methoxyl sugar acid gels. Examination of AFM images revealed that gels with "uniform" distribution of strands and pores between strands had higher gel strengths as measured by a penetrometer than gels in which strands were nonuniformly distributed and were separated by large and small spaces. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol R, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 2 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1021/bm0607729 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 134YA UT WOS:000244119200036 PM 17291080 ER PT J AU Hoskinson, RL Karlen, DL Birrell, SJ Radtke, CW Wilhelm, WW AF Hoskinson, Reed L. Karlen, Douglas L. Birrell, Stuart J. Radtke, Corey W. Wilhelm, W. W. TI Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Zea mays; crop residue; bioenergy; ethanol; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSE); thermochemical conversion ID CROP RESIDUES; SOIL-EROSION; WHEAT-STRAW; GRAIN-YIELD; TILLAGE; BIOMASS; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; MINNESOTA; ETHANOL AB Crop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha(-1) dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mgha(-1)) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha(-1) of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top + bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macronutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha(-1) or $11.27 Mg(-1). Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insufficient soil cover, while also producing a problematic feedstock. These preliminary results indicate harvesting stover (including the cobs) at a height of approximately 40cm would be best for farmers and ethanol producers because of faster harvest speed and higher quality ethanol feedstock. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhoskinson@cableone.net; karlen@nstl.gov; sbirrell@iastate.edu; corey.radtke@inl.gov; wwilhelm1@unl.edu NR 36 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.07.006 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 135RN UT WOS:000244170800003 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Banowetz, GM Steiner, JJ Barton, TF Taylor, DG Hicks, KB El-Nashaar, H Sethi, VK AF Boateng, A. A. Banowetz, G. M. Steiner, J. J. Barton, T. F. Taylor, D. G. Hicks, K. B. El-Nashaar, H. Sethi, V. K. TI Gasification of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis l.) straw in a farm-scale reactor SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Kentucky blue grass; grass straw gasification; on-farm gasification ID FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFIER AB A novel gasification reactor was designed for conversion of grass straw to synthesis gas. Our design goal was to improve synthetic gas yield and thermal stability at a scale suitable for on-farm use at a cost similar to that of a combine harvester. The reactor that was constructed and tested in this study follows the newly emerging design technique whereby the endothermic pyrolysis or gasification and exothermic char combustion co-exist in the same reactor. It operates in a dual mode where straw gasification occurs in the annulus of an outer tube and an inner (draft) tube. Our trials established that the dual-mode operation could be performed without material flow problems. Sustained tests demonstrated reactor stability at gasification temperatures up to 650 degrees C and successful gasification of Kentucky bluegrass straw utilizing combustion heat from the inner tube. Calculated equivalence ratios of combustion in the inner tube ranged from 0.3 to 0.78 indicating fuel lean combustion of residual char without slagging. Carbon conversion ranged between 35.4 and 44.8%. Energy recovery, estimated as the ratio of the heat of combustion of the gas to that of the dry-ash-free feedstock, ranged from 14.7% to 30.92%. The estimated heating value for the synthesis gas ranged from 1.27 to 2.85 MJ m(-3). Although these conversion parameters are low, a proof of the design concept was established. They can be improved with little modification by increasing the residence time in the draft tube and complete isolation of the gaseous products of combustion and the gasification. More tests are required to evaluate the economic feasibility of the farm-scale unit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Western Reg Res Inst, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. Taylor Energy LLC, Irvine, CA 92620 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.08.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 135RN UT WOS:000244170800006 ER PT J AU Shin, EW Karthikeyan, KG Tshabalala, MA AF Shin, Eun Woo Karthikeyan, K. G. Tshabalala, Mandla A. TI Adsorption mechanism of cadmium on juniper bark and wood SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark; wood; lignocellulosic sorbents; cadmium; calcium; adsorption; ion-exchange ID HEAVY-METAL BIOSORPTION; BROWN SEAWEED BIOMASS; IONS; IMPROVEMENT; SORPTION; MOSS; SPECTROSCOPY; REMOVAL; ALGAE; ACIDS AB In this study the capacity of sorbents prepared from juniper wood (JW) and bark (JB) to adsorb cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions at different pH values was compared. Adsorption behavior was characterized through adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption edge experiments. Results from kinetics and isotherm experiments showed that JB (76.3-91.6 mu mol Cd g(-1) substrate) had 3-4 times higher adsorption capacity for Cd than JW (24.8-28.3 mu mol Cd g-1). In addition to higher capacity, JB exhibited a higher strength of adsorption (45.3 versus 9.1 L mmol(-1)) and faster uptake kinetics (0.0119 versus 0.0083 g mu mol(-1) min(-1)) compared to JW. For both these adsorbents, increasing Cd adsorption with increasing solution pH in the range of 2-6 suggests that surface carboxyl groups (RCOOH) might be involved in interaction with Cd. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra showed that the surface concentration of carboxyl groups was higher on JB compared to JW. The ratio of Ca released to Cd adsorbed was 1.04 and 0.78 for JB and JW, respectively, indicating that Ca-Cd ion-exchange was the primary mechanism involved. The higher Ca content in JB (15 times more) and the surface RCOOH concentration (2.5 times more) can be attributed to the observed differences in Cd adsorption behavior between the two lignocellulosic adsorbents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Ulsan, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RP Karthikeyan, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu NR 25 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.024 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 101AD UT WOS:000241710400016 PM 16574407 ER PT J AU Oh, M Tshabalala, MA AF Oh, Miyoung Tshabalala, Mandla A. TI PELLETIZED PONDEROSA PINE BARK FOR ADSORPTION OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS FROM WATER SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bark; Sorbent; Adsorption; Metals; Pine; Nickel; Cadmium ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CONIFEROUS BARKS; REMOVAL; IONS; SORPTION; THERMODYNAMICS; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; CADMIUM; CR(VI) AB Bark flour from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was consolidated into pellets using citric acid as cross-linking agent. The pellets were evaluated for removal of toxic heavy metals from synthetic aqueous solutions. When soaked in water, pellets did not leach tannins, and they showed high adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) under both equilibrium and dynamic adsorption conditions. The experimental data for Cd(II) and Zn(II) showed a better fit to the Langmuir than to the Freundlich isotherm. The Cu(II) data best fit the Freundlich isotherm, and the Ni(II) data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equally. According to the Freundlich constant K(F), adsorption capacity of pelletized bark for the metal ions in aqueous solution, pH 5.1 +/- 0.2, followed the order Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) >> Ni(II); according to the Langmuir constant b, adsorption affinity followed the order Cd(II) >> Cu(II) approximate to Zn(II) >> Ni(II). Although data from dynamic column adsorption experiments did not show a good fit to the Thomas kinetic adsorption model, estimates of sorption affinity series of the metal ions on pelletized bark derived from this model were not consistent with the series derived from the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms and followed the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) approximate to Cd(II) > Ni(II). According to the Thomas kinetic model, the theoretical maximum amounts of metal that can be sorbed on the pelletized bark in a column at influent concentration of approximate to 10 mg/L and flow rate = 5 mL/min were estimated to be 57, 53, 50, and 27 mg/g for copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential for converting low-cost bark residues to value-added sorbents using starting materials and chemicals derived from renewable resources. These sorbents can be applied in the removal of toxic heavy metals from waste streams with heavy metal ion concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in the case of Cu(II). C1 [Oh, Miyoung; Tshabalala, Mandla A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD FEB PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 66 EP 81 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YC UT WOS:000263689200007 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH Akin, DE AF Marshall, Wayne E. Wartelle, Lynda H. Akin, Danny E. TI FLAX SHIVE AS A SOURCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR METALS REMEDIATION SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Flax shive; Activated carbon; Metal ion; Phosphoric acid activation ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; REMOVAL; SORBENT; IONS; ACID AB Flax shive constitutes about 70% of the flax stem and has limited use. Because shive is a lignocellulosic by-product, it can potentially be pyrolyzed and activated to produce an activated carbon. The objective of this study was to create an activated carbon from flax shive by chemical activation in order to achieve significant binding of selected divalent cations (cadmium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, zinc). Shive carbons activated by exposure to phosphoric acid and compressed air showed greater binding of cadmium, copper, nickel or zinc than a sulfuric acid-activated flax shive carbon reported in the literature and a commercial, wood-based carbon. Uptake of calcium from a drinking water sample by the shive carbon was similar to commercial drinking water filters that contained cation exchange resins. Magnesium removal by the shive carbon was greater than a commercial drinking water filtration carbon but less than for filters containing cation exchange resins. The results indicate that chemically activated flax shive carbon shows considerable promise as a component in industrial and residential water filtration systems for removal of divalent cations. C1 [Akin, Danny E.] USDA ARS, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Marshall, Wayne E.; Wartelle, Lynda H.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, RB Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM danny.akin@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD FEB PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YC UT WOS:000263689200008 ER PT J AU Bormann, BT Haynes, RW Martin, JR AF Bormann, Bernard T. Haynes, Richard W. Martin, Jon R. TI Adaptive management of forest ecosystems: Did some rubber hit the road? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; forest assessment; regional monitoring; interpretive steps; synthesis AB Although many scientists recommend adaptive management for large forest tracts, there is little evidence that its use has been effective at this scale. One exception is the 10-million-hectare Northwest Forest Plan, which explicitly included adaptive management in its design. Evidence from 10years' implementation of the plan suggests that formalizing adaptive steps and committing to monitoring worked better than allocating land to adaptive management areas. Clearly, some of the problems in implementing any new strategy should have been expected and probably would have been avoided if the plan had called for even more focused feedback. But decisions made after monitoring results were analyzed have led to new management priorities, including new approaches to adaptive management. These decisions suggest that one adaptive management loop has been completed. A continued commitment to learning about and adapting practices and institutions will most likely be needed to improve performance in the future. C1 USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Res, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Bormann, BT (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bbormann@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1641/B570213 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 137JB UT WOS:000244287800015 ER PT J AU Pryor, SW Gibson, DM Bergstrom, GC Walker, LP AF Pryor, Scott W. Gibson, Donna M. Bergstrom, Gary C. Walker, Larry P. TI Minimization of between-well sample variance of antifungal activity using a high-throughput screening microplate bioassay SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Walker, LP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, 232 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lpwl@cornell.edu RI pryor, scott/A-9751-2013 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 166 EP + DI 10.2144/000112328 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 203BB UT WOS:000248949000016 PM 17373480 ER PT J AU Holloway, L Moynihan, S Abrams, SA Kent, K Hsu, AR Friedlander, AL AF Holloway, Leah Moynihan, Sharon Abrams, Steven A. Kent, Kyla Hsu, Andrew R. Friedlander, Anne L. TI Effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE synergy 1; mineral absorption; bone turnover; bone density; oligofructose; inulin ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE SECRETION; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; SHORT-CHAIN; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SUPPLEMENTATION; RATS; RESORPTION; BALANCE; MINERALIZATION; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Deficiency of oestrogen at menopause decreases intestinal Ca absorption, contributing to a negative Ca balance and bone loss. Mg deficiency has also been associated with bone loss. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that treatment with a spray-dried mixture of chicory oligofructose and long-chain inulin (SynergyI; SYNI) would increase the absorption of both Ca and Mg and alter markers of bone turnover. Fifteen postmenopausal women (72.2 (SD 6(.)4) years) were treated with SYNI or placebo for 6 weeks using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Fractional Ca and Mg absorption were measured using dual-tracer stable isotopes before and after treatment. Bone turnover markers were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks. Fractional absorption of Ca and Mg increased following SYN 1 compared with placebo (P < 0(.)05). Bone resorption (by urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links) was greater than baseline at 6 weeks of active treatment (P < 0.05). Bone formation (by serum osteocalcin) showed an upward trend at 3 weeks and an increase following 6 weeks of SYNI (P < 0.05). Closer examination revealed a variation in response, with two-thirds of the subjects showing increased absorption with SYNI. Post hoc analyses demonstrated that positive responders had significantly lower lumbar spine bone mineral density than non-responders (dual X-ray absorptiometry 0(.)887 +/- 0(.)102 v. 1(.)104 +/- 0(.)121 g/cm(2); P < 0(.)01), and changes in bone turnover markers occurred only in responders. These results suggest that 6 weeks of SYNI can improve mineral absorption and impact markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to determine why a greater response was found in women with lower initial spine bone mineral density. C1 VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Clin Studies Unit, Palo Alto, CA USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Palo Alto, CA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Friedlander, AL (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Clin Studies Unit, Palo Alto, CA USA. EM friedlan@stanford.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 43 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1017/S000711450733674X PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 142KD UT WOS:000244647400020 PM 17298707 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Lizotte, RE Smith, S AF Moore, M. T. Lizotte, R. E., Jr. Smith, S., Jr. TI Toxicity evaluation of diazinon contaminated leaf litter SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; PLANT DETRITUS; ATRAZINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; MITIGATION; ORGANISMS; BREAKDOWN; ECOSYSTEM; EXPOSURE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 158 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9032-y PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 177LI UT WOS:000247154200016 PM 17375252 ER PT J AU Ryan, FJ Mosyakin, SL Pitcairn, MJ AF Ryan, Frederick J. Mosyakin, Sergei L. Pitcairn, Michael J. TI Molecular comparisons of Salsola tragus from California and Ukraine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ISSR; isoenzymes; molecular systematics; RAPD; Salsola ID GENUS SALSOLA; CHENOPODIACEAE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; MARKERS AB In California, the exotic invasive plant Salsola tragus L. (Russian thistle) has been found to consist of two genetic entities, types A and B. Type A, with chromosome number 2n = 36, was identified as S. tragus s.str., but type B, with 2n = 18, was not identical with Salsola species found elsewhere in the world. Plants of S. tragus from Ukraine were subjected to isoenzymic and DNA analyses to determine whether type B was found there and to compare S. tragus from Ukraine with that in California. In isoenzymic assays, plants from Ukraine exhibited patterns of aspartate aminotransferase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity after non-denaturing electrophoresis that were identical with those for S. tragus from California. No Ukrainian accessions had an isoenzymic pattern that resembled type B from California. DNA-based assays, using random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat primers, indicated that all the Ukrainian accessions were similar to S. tragus type A from California and not to Californian type B. The area of origin of type B remains unknown, although it has recently been found to be widespread in southern Africa, where it is also believed to be an introduced species. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Natl Acad Sci, MG Kholodny Inst Bot, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. RP Ryan, FJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM fjryan@sbcglobal.net OI Mosyakin, Sergei/0000-0002-3570-3190 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1139/B07-005 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 176OE UT WOS:000247094000012 ER PT J AU Carrara, PE Ager, TA Baichtal, JF AF Carrara, P. E. Ager, T. A. Baichtal, J. F. TI Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; HOLOCENE SEA LEVELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CANADA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; AMERICA; MAMMALS; MAXIMUM; COAST AB The interpretation of the extent of late Wisconsin glaciation in southeastern Alaska has varied between geologists and biologists. Maps and reports of the region prepared by geologists commonly indicated that late Wisconsin ice extended as a large uniform front west to the edge of the continental shelf. However, the distribution of plants and animals in the region has led many biologists to suggest that there may have been ice-free areas that served as refugia during the late Wisconsin. Based on analyses of aerial photographs, topographic maps, and bathymetric charts, in conjunction with a review of previous literature and reconnaissance fieldwork throughout the region, this study presents data supporting a limited ice extent in the Alexander Archipelago during the late Wisconsin and identifies possible ice-free areas that may have served as refugia. These areas include (1) the Fairweather Ground, (2) the Herbert Graves Island area, (3) the western coast of southern Baranof Island and adjacent continental shelf, (4) Coronation Island and the adjacent continental shelf, (5) the Warren Island area, (6) the continental shelf from west of Heceta Island to Forrester Island in the south, (7) parts of the west coast of southern Dall Island, and (8) lowland areas in southern Prince of Wales Island. The identification of these possible refugia has bearing on the recolonization of the Alexander Archipelago, as they could have served as centers of biotic dispersal upon regional deglaciation and as stepping stones for early humans with a maritime tradition entering the western hemisphere from Asia. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. RP Carrara, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pcarrara@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1139/E06-081 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 163KA UT WOS:000246157300007 ER PT J AU North, M Innes, J Zald, H AF North, Malcolm Innes, Jim Zald, Harold TI Comparison of thinning and prescribed fire restoration treatments to Sierran mixed-conifer historic conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; OLD-GROWTH; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AGE STRUCTURE; WOODY DEBRIS; WHITE FIR; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA AB Thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore fire-suppressed forests, yet there are few studies of their effectiveness in Sierran mixed-conifer forest. We compared stand conditions in replicated plots before and after a combination of thinning and burning treatments against a reconstruction of the same forest in 1865. The historical forest had 67 stems/ha (trees >= 5 cm DBH), equal percentages of shade-tolerant and -intolerant tree species, stems randomly distributed at the stand scale, and a flat diameter distribution across size classes. The pretreatment forest averaged 469 stems/ha, which comprised 84% shade-tolerant and 14% shade-in tolerant species, were highly clustered, and had a reverse-J-shaped diameter distribution. Thinning treatments failed to approximate historical composition, spatial pattern, or diameter distribution. Treatments left too many small trees, removed too many intermediate-sized trees (50-75 cm DBH), and retained a reverse-J-shaped diameter distribution. Current old growth comprises fewer large trees than historical conditions, suggesting that treatments should retain more intermediate-sized trees to provide for future large-tree recruitment. Understory thinning with prescribed fire significantly reduced stern density and produced a spatial pattern closest to historical conditions. Mixed-conifer restoration needs thinning prescriptions that vary by species and flexible rather than rigid upper diameter limits to retain some trees in all size classes. C1 US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mnorth@fs.fed.us NR 76 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1139/X06-236 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 187TK UT WOS:000247871200012 ER PT J AU Cline, E Vinyard, B Edmonds, R AF Cline, E. Vinyard, B. Edmonds, R. TI Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEDLINGS; DIFFERENT SIZES; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; MATURE TREES; FORESTS; GROWTH; DIVERSITY; STANDS AB Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fun-us (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2-6 m) and far (16-30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had significantly greater ectomycorrhiza (ECM) abundance (percent active ECM root tips), less necrotic root tips, and higher root to shoot biomass ratios. Seedlings near trees had a richness index of 4.1 EMF taxa per seedling and 42 total taxa compared with 3.5 taxa per seedling and 33 total taxa for seedlings far from trees. Proximity to residual trees may increase seedling ECM abundance and diversity. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cline, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 358436, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM ecline@u.washington.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1139/X06-229 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 187TK UT WOS:000247871200020 ER PT J AU Garber, SM Brown, JP Wilson, DS Maguire, DA Heath, LS AF Garber, Sean M. Brown, John P. Wilson, Duncan S. Maguire, Douglas A. Heath, Linda S. TI Snag longevity under alternative silvicultural regimes in mixed-species forests of central Maine (vol 35, pg 787, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Station, Princeton, WA USA. Univ Kwazulu Natal, Forestry Programme, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. RP Garber, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM sean.garber@oregonstate.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 513 EP 513 DI 10.1139/X07-910 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 187TK UT WOS:000247871200028 ER PT J AU Badri, Y Zribi, K Badri, M Huguet, T van Berkum, P Aouani, ME AF Badri, Y. Zribi, K. Badri, M. Huguet, T. van Berkum, P. Aouani, M. E. TI Comparison of rhizobia that nodulate Medicago laciniata and Medicago truncatula present in a single Tunisian arid soil SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Medicago laciniata; Medicago truncatida; Sinorhizobium meliloti; REP-PCR; efficiency ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; S-MEDICAE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; VARIETIES AB The rhizobia present in a single and region Tunisian soil that nodulate Medicago laciniata and Medicago truncatula were compared. All isolates, 40 from each host, were Sinorhizobium meliloti based on 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) patterns and subsequent confirmation by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes in four representatives from each host species. There was no apparent relationship between Medicago host species of isolation and the nodulating rhizobial genome as determined by repetitive extragenic palandromic PCR. The isolates of M. laciniata were distinguished from those of M. truncatula present in the same soil by variation in PCR-RFLP of nifDK, indicating that this dissimilarity is originally genetic and not geographic. While forming effective symbioses with their own respective isolates, both M. laciniata and M. truncatula formed ineffective true nodules, nodule-like structures, or no nodules at all in cross-inoculation tests, as confirmed by the histological observations. C1 Ctr Biotechnol, Labs Interact Legumineuses Microorganismes, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia. Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, Lab Biotechnol & Ameliorat Plantes, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aouani, ME (reprint author), Ctr Biotechnol, Labs Interact Legumineuses Microorganismes, Technopole Borj Cedria,BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia. EM mohamedelarbi.aouani@cbbc.rnrt.tn OI Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi/0000-0001-9502-7203 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1139/W06-130 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 174SN UT WOS:000246963200015 PM 17496977 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Eller, FJ Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL AF Peterson, Steven C. Eller, Fred J. Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Shogren, Randal L. TI Effects of critical fluid lipid extraction on the gelatinization and retrogradation of normal dent cornstarch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE cornstarch; critical fluid; lipid extraction; gelatinization; retrogradation ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CEREAL STARCHES; WHEAT STARCHES; NATIVE LIPIDS; CORN; SOLUBILITIES; VISCOSITY; AMYLOSE; WATER AB Critical fluid extraction of native lipids from cornstarch using 80/20 (V/V) CO2/ethanol and 100% ethanol was carried out in order to see what effects each solvent would have on the starch pasting profile. The results were compared with cornstarch defatted by refluxing with 75/25 (v/v) n-propanol/water. Pure ethanol extracted more native lipid than CO2/ethanol, and extraction improved when the initial moisture content of the starch was increased from 10% to 19%. Granules became less swollen and less deformable with increased lipid extraction. Paste viscosity studies carried out at starch concentrations less than 8% yielded lower peak and setback viscosities of lipid-extracted cornstarch relative to native cornstarch. However, above 8% starch concentration, swollen granules were in more intimate contact, and the added rigidity caused by lipid extraction yielded much higher peak viscosities relative to the starch control. Lipid-extracted cornstarch samples at concentrations above 8% showed plateau rather than peak viscosities reflecting the limited swelling power of the granules, and the defatted samples displayed less viscosity breakdown due to their increased granule rigidity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Peterson, SC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevep@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.06.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 128AQ UT WOS:000243628400015 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, LinShu Fishman, Marshall L. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Pectin in controlled drug delivery - a review SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Review DE pectin; nasal delivery; oral delivery; fragrance delivery; controlled drug delivery ID IN-VITRO EVALUATION; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; TERPENES; COLON; FORMULATIONS; ENHANCERS; PROTEIN AB Controlled drug delivery remains a research focus for public health to enhance patient compliance, drug efficiency and reduce the side effects of drugs. Pectin, an edible plant polysaccharide, has been shown to be useful for the construction of drug delivery systems for specific drug delivery. Several pectin derived formulations have been developed in our laboratory and tested in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo for the ability to deliver bioactive substances for therapeutic purposes in the context of interactions with living tissues. Pectin derivatives carrying primary amine groups were more mucoadhesive and have shown potential in nasal drug delivery and other mucosal drug delivery. Pectin derivatives with highly esterified galacturonic acid residues are more hydrophobic and able to sustain the release of incorporated fragrances for a prolonged duration. Less esterified pectin derivatives are able to penetrate deeper into the skin and may be useful in aromatherapy formulations. Pectin, in combination with zein, a corn protein, forms hydrogel beads. The bound zein restricts bead swelling and retains the porosity of the beads; the pectin networks shield the zein from protease attack. The complex beads are ideal vehicles for colon-specific drug delivery. Studies presented in this paper indicate the flexibility and possibility to tailor pectin macromolecules into a variety of drug delivery systems to meet different clinical requirements. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM LinShu.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10570-006-9095-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 121WB UT WOS:000243186600003 ER PT J AU Saab, VA Russell, RE Dudley, JG AF Saab, Victoria A. Russell, Robin E. Dudley, Jonathan G. TI Nest densities of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging and time since wildfire SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE cavity-nesting birds; nest densities; nest survival; ponderosa pine forests; postfire salvage logging; wildfire ID STAND-REPLACEMENT FIRE; BOREAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; HABITAT QUALITY; CONIFER FORESTS; POPULATIONS; WOODPECKERS; COMMUNITIES; NORTHERN; SUCCESSION AB We monitored the nest densities and nest survival of seven cavity-nesting bird species, including four open-space foragers (American Kestrel [Falco sparperius], Lewis's Woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], Western Bluebird [Sialia mexicana], and Mountain Bluebird [S. currucoides]) and three wood-foragers (Hairy Woodpecker [Picoides villosus], Black-backed Woodpecker [P. arcticus], and Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus]), after two wildfires (one partially salvage-logged and one unlogged) in western Idaho from 1994-2004. We estimated the relationship between nest density and time since fire, tested for statistical differences in nest densities and nest survival in the partially salvage-logged vs. unlogged wildfires, and tested for differences in nest survival between early (1-4 years after fire) and late (5-12 years after fire) postfire periods. Nest densities of open-space foragers and Northern Flickers generally increased with time since fire, whereas nest densities of Black-backed and Hairy Woodpeckers peaked 4-5 years postfire. Nest densities of wood-foraging species and Mountain Bluebirds were significantly higher in the unlogged burn, whereas Lewis's Woodpeckers had significantly higher nest densities in the partially logged burn. Kestrels tended to favor the partially logged burn, while Western Bluebird nest densities were nearly equal in both burned areas. For most species, postfire period and treatment (partially logged vs. unlogged) had little influence on nest survival. However, Hairy Woodpecker nest survival was significantly lower in the partially logged burn versus the unlogged wildfire in the early postfire period, and Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival was significantly reduced in the later postfire period versus the early postfire period in the partially logged burn. Importantly, the salvage logging was designed to retain more than half of the snags over 23 cm in diameter, which provided suitable nesting habitat for open-space foragers during the decade following fire. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Saab, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave,MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM vsaab@fs.fed.us OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 NR 45 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 40 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[97:NDOCBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 135HX UT WOS:000244145800009 ER PT J AU Washburn, BE Millspaugh, JJ Morris, DL Schulz, JH Faaborg, J AF Washburn, Brian E. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Morris, Dana L. Schulz, John H. Faaborg, John TI Using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay to quantify testosterone in avian plasma SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Columbiformes; enzyme immunoassay; Passeriformes; plasma; testosterone ID DARK-EYED JUNCOS; BREEDING PERIOD; BIRDS; AGGRESSION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CORTICOSTERONE; CONSEQUENCES; ZONOTRICHIA; EVOLUTION; HYEMALIS AB Using a commercially available testosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA), we developed and validated an assay procedure for determining testosterone levels in small-volume (20 mu L) avian plasma samples. We evaluated this EIA's utility by measuring plasma testosterone levels in Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus), Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea). Standard biochemical validations (e.g., parallelism, recovery of exogenous testosterone) demonstrated that the assay accurately and precisely measured testosterone in avian plasma. We compared plasma testosterone levels in males and females of all four species and Indigo Buntings in various reproductive stages to physiologically validate the assay's ability to determine biologically important changes in testosterone levels. Plasma testosterone levels were higher in males compared to females in three of four species. Prebreeding and breeding male Indigo Buntings had higher circulating testosterone levels than postbreeding males. Testosterone levels in our study were similar to reported values for other passerine species using radioimmunoassay procedures. Our results suggest that this EIA procedure is very effective for determining testosterone levels in small-volume avian plasma samples and is sensitive enough to detect biologically important changes in the gonadal activity of birds. Thus, this assay has considerable utility for measuring testosterone in small birds (< 15 g), from which only small volumes of plasma (20 mu L) can be collected. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[181:UACAEI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 135HX UT WOS:000244145800017 ER PT J AU Winfree, R Griswold, T Kremen, C AF Winfree, Rachael Griswold, Terry Kremen, Claire TI Effect of human disturbance on bee communities in a forested ecosystem SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; body size; Colletes bradleyi; forest fragmentation; heath; hymenoptera; pollinator conservation; suburbanization ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; COUNTRYSIDE BIOGEOGRAPHY; CROP POLLINATION; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; SCALE; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; PREDATION; DENSITY AB It is important for conservation biologists to understand how well species persist in human-dominated ecosystems because protected areas constitute a small fraction of the Earth's surface and because anthropogenic habitats may offer more opportunities for conservation than has been previously thought We investigated how an important functional group, pollinators (bees; Hymenoptera: Apiformes), are affected by human land use at the landscape and local scales in southern New Jersey (USA.). We established 40 sites that differed in surrounding landscape cover or local habitat type and collected 2551 bees of 130 species. The natural habitat in this ecosystem is a forested, ericaceous heath. Bee abundance and species richness within forest habitat decreased, not increased, with increasing forest cover in the surrounding landscape. Similarly, bee abundance was greater in agricultural fields and suburban and urban developments than in extensive forests, and the same trend was found for species richness. Particular species groups that might be expected to show greater sensitivity to habitat loss, such as floral specialists and bees of small or large body size, did not show strong positive associations with forest habitat Nevertheless, 18 of the 130 bee species studied were positively associated with extensive forest, One of these species is a narrow endemic that was last seen in 1939. Our results suggest that at least in this system, moderate anthropogenic land use may be compatible with the conservation of many but not all, bee species. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Syst Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Winfree, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rwinfree@princeton.edu NR 53 TC 148 Z9 155 U1 16 U2 158 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00574.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135JB UT WOS:000244148800030 PM 17298527 ER PT J AU Tubajika, KM Civerolo, EL Puterka, GJ Hashim, JM Luvisi, DA AF Tubajika, K. M. Civerolo, E. L. Puterka, G. J. Hashim, J. M. Luvisi, D. A. TI The effects of kaolin, harpin, and imidacloprid on development of Pierce's disease in grape SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE admire; insect repellent; leafhopper; messenger; particle film; surround ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; PARTICLE FILMS; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIUM; PLANTS; INOCULATION; CALIFORNIA AB Incidence of Pierce's disease (PD), caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, continues to increase in many vineyards in California due to the establishment and spread of the vector Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (glassy winged sharpshooter, GWSS). Commercially available materials, including kaolin, harpin, and imidacloprid, were evaluated in field experiments for their effect PD development. PD incidence was 6% in plants treated with kaolin and 14% in plots treated with conventional insecticides. Incidence of PD in plants treated with harpin were 13%, 7%, and 6% when 160, 320, and 460 g harpin a.i ha(-1) were used, respectively. PD incidence in untreated control plants was 19%. Plants treated with harpin grew more vigorously than plants treated with kaolin, imidacloprid, and control plants not treated with chemicals or exposed to GWSS. Higher GWSS mortality rates were observed on plants treated with kaolin. Results from field studies as validated by a greenhouse study show that kaolin, harpin, and imidacloprid would be useful in reducing the development of PD in grape. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS PPQ, CPHST, Otis Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Res Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. Univ Calif Cooperat & Extens, Bakersfield, CA USA. RP Tubajika, KM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ, CPHST, Otis Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. EM Kayimbi.Tubajika@aphis.usda.gov; eciverolo@fresno.ars.usda.gov; gary.puterka@ars.usda.gov; jmhasim@ucdavis.edu; daluvisi@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.006 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 129FQ UT WOS:000243714400006 ER PT J AU Mohandass, S Arthur, FH Zhu, KY Throne, JE AF Mohandass, S. Arthur, F. H. Zhu, K. Y. Throne, J. E. TI Hydroprene: Mode of action, current status in stored-product pest management, insect resistance, and future prospects (vol 25, pg 902, 2006) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Architecture Planning & Design, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM frank.arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.009 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 129FQ UT WOS:000243714400015 ER PT J AU Rajamohan, A Leopold, RA AF Rajamohan, A. Leopold, R. A. TI Cryopreservation of Mexican fruit flies by vitrification: Stage selection and avoidance of thermal stress SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; cryopreservation; embryo; development; cryomicrosopy; fracturing ID DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; CHILLING INJURY; MUSCIDAE EMBRYOS; FRACTURE DAMAGE; MOUSE EMBRYOS; FLY EMBRYOS; SURVIVAL; DIPTERA; PERMEABILIZATION; CALLIPHORIDAE AB This report presents details of a vitrification methodology for the cryopreservation of embryos of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens. The overall summary of the data indicates that selecting the correct developmental stage for cryopreservation is the most important criterion. The key aspect in selection of the correct stage is to balance depletion of the gut yolk content against development of the embryonic cuticle. Embryogenesis was divided into four stages between 90 and 120 h after incubation at 21.7 degrees C. The classification was based on the intestinal yolk content and the initial development of mandibular-maxillary complex. Stages having low mid-gut yolk content and the appearance of mouth hooks were found to be the most suitable for cryopreservation. Embryos developing at 30 degrees C had premature cuticle formation relative to gut development and significantly lower hatching after cryopreservation. Vitrification of embryos by direct quenching in liquid nitrogen was less effective than quenching after annealing the samples in liquid nitrogen vapor. Quenched samples of vitrification solutions containing 1,2-ethanediol as the major component exhibited fractures. Fracturing occurred less frequently when the solutions were annealed and when containing polyethylene glycol. Hatching of vitrified embryos stored in liquid nitrogen for over 12 months was not statistically different from those held for only 15 min. Our protocol yielded normalized hatching rates that ranged as high as 61%. Selecting the exact stage for cryopreservation from a population of embryos obtained by collection from ovipositing females during a span of just 30 min resulted in nearly 80% of the embryos hatching into larvae. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM leopoldr@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.10.192 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 152DY UT WOS:000245342300006 PM 17150205 ER PT J AU Li, CJ Kahl, S Carbaugh, D Elsasser, TH AF Li, Cong-Jun Kahl, Stanislaw Carbaugh, Donald Elsasser, Theodore H. TI Temporal response of liver signal transduction elements during in vivo endotoxin challenge in cattle: Effects of growth hormone treatment SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; iNOS; LPS; MAPK; signal transduction ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; STAT PROTEINS; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY; RAT AB We quantified the changes in abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and associated tissue signal transduction pathway elements (STPEs) in the bovine liver in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and further assessed the impact on the LPS-driven variable responses as affected by daily treatment with recombinant growth hormone (GH) prior to LPS challenge. Twenty-four crossbred beef steers were divided into GH-treated (recombinant bovine GH, Monsanto Inc., St. Louis, MO; 0.1 mg/kg 13W, i.m., daily for 12 days) and non-GH-treatment (control) groups (n = 12/group). Liver biopsy samples were obtained from all animals at 0, 3, 6, and 24 h after LPS challenge (E. coli 055:135, 2.5 mu g/kg BW, i.v. bolus) for Western blot analyses of iNOS and STPEs. In response to LPS, tissue levels of iNOS increased significantly (P < 0.001) in the first 3 It and persisted at levels greater than those at time 0 until 24 h. GH further augmented levels of iNOS at 0, 3, and 6 h resulting in an overall significant increase in the iNOS protein level (P < 0.01). AKT/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) phosphorylation levels at time 0 were not different between GH-treated and control animals; LPS increased the phosphorylation of AKT/PKB with GH treatment stimulating a four-fold further increase of AKT/PKB phosphorylation. Effects similar to those on AKT/PKB were also observed on signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b). The family of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) showed different pattern of response. ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased 3 h after LPS challenge but only in GH-treated group (P < 0.0 1). Compared to 0 h, SAPK/JUN phosphorylation increased in both experimental groups 3, 6 h (P < 0.0 1), and 24 h (P < 0.05) after LPS. However, at 3 h the increase was greater (P < 0.0 1) in GH-treated than in control animals. No effect of LPS challenge or GH treatment on p38(MAPK) was observed. These results suggest that GH treatment has a significant impact on the differential activation of STPEs in the clinical response to LPS. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 200,Room 209, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cli@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.01.001 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 134VH UT WOS:000244111900002 PM 16466901 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Capuco, AV Caperna, TJ Martinez, A Cuttitta, F Kahl, S AF Elsasser, Ted H. Capuco, Anthony V. Caperna, Thomas J. Martinez, Alfredo Cuttitta, Frank Kahl, Stanislaw TI Adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin binding protein (AM-BP) in the bovine mammary gland and milk: Effects of stage of lactation and experimental intramammary E. coli infection SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenomedullin; adrenomedullin binding protein; mammary gland; inflammation; lactation ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; COMPLEMENT FACTOR-H; DAIRY-COWS; HYPOTENSIVE PEPTIDE; INSULIN-SECRETION; INDUCED MASTITIS; DISEASE STRESS; GROWTH-HORMONE; EXPRESSION AB Adrenomedullin (AM) has been characterized as an endogenous tissue survival factor and modulator of many inflammatory processes. Because of the increased susceptibility of the mammary gland to infection during the time surrounding parturition in the cow, we investigated how milk and tissue content of AM and its binding protein (AM-BP) might be affected by the stage of lactation and the udder health status. Milk and mammary biopsy samples were obtained from Holstein cows 21 days prior to and at various times after calving to represent the dry period and early and midstages of lactation. Additional cows received an intramammary challenge with Escherichia coli for immunohistochemical characterization of AM and AM-BP. Milk AM concentrations were relatively constant across the stages of lactation while AM-BP increased two-fold (P < 0.04) between early and mid-lactation. Milk AM (P < 0.04) and AM-BP (P < 0.03) increased as somatic cell counts (SCCs) increased within a given stage of lactation. Tissue content of both (AM and AM-BP) were significantly affected by stage of lactation, lowest in the dry period and progressively increasing to peak at mid-lactation as well as increasing in association with higher levels of SCCs. Following E. coli challenge, AM increased in epithelial cells surrounding mammary alveoli presenting high levels of SCCs. The data suggest that AM and AM-BP are cooperatively regulated in the mammary gland during lactation; changes in localized tissue AM and AM-BP content reflect a dynamic regulation of these tissue factors in the bovine mammary gland consistent with their protective effects within inflamed tissue. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013; Cuttitta, Frank/B-4758-2016 OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044; NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 138 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.02.004 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 134VH UT WOS:000244111900006 PM 16569490 ER PT J AU Hagen, LJ Van Pelt, S Zobeck, TM Retta, A AF Hagen, L. J. Van Pelt, S. Zobeck, T. M. Retta, A. TI Dust deposition near an eroding source field SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE deposition; dust; wind erosion ID OFF-SITE COSTS; WIND EROSION; FUGITIVE DUST; TRANSPORT; LOESS; LAKE; WEPS AB Deposition of suspended dust near eroding source fields can have detrimental effects on vegetation, as well as on soil and water quality. This study was undertaken to quantify dust deposition within 200 m of a source field during wind erosion events. Erosion was measured with BSNE samplers on a small field of Amarillo fine sandy loam at field at Big Spring, TX. Suspension-sized dust discharge averaged 33 +/- 5 per cent of the total sediment discharge and ranged from 18.0 to 147.4 kg m(-1) during eight selected storm events. Within 200 m of the source field boundary, dust collected in deposition samplers placed above a vegetated surface averaged 34 per cent of initial dust discharge. Predicted deposition, according to a line source model, was 43 per cent. Actual deposition was likely near that predicted, because of lateral diffusion of the dust and some under-sampling by the disk samplers. Thus, the line source model seems useful in estimating both the pattern and quantity of deposition. About 30 per cent of the suspended dust was deposited within the initial 50 m of vegetated surface, but only about 12-15 per cent was deposited in the initial 10 m. Published in 2006 by John Wiley& Sons, Ltd. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1002/esp.1386 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 138YN UT WOS:000244399300009 ER PT J AU Branson, DH Vermeire, LT AF Branson, David H. Vermeire, Lance T. TI Grasshopper egg mortality mediated by oviposition tactics and fire intensity SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ageneotettix deorum; burning; egg mortality; fire; grasshopper; Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera ID POPULATION-DENSITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-CONTENT; ACRIDIDAE; ORTHOPTERA; GRASSLAND; AVAILABILITY; CONSERVATION AB 1. It is commonly assumed that arthropod species living or hibernating in the soil would not be affected by grassland fires, even though burning results in elevated surface and below-ground soil temperatures. The importance of elevated below-ground soil temperatures during fires on the survival of grasshopper eggs had not been examined. 2. The effects of simulated autumn grassland fires of varying intensities on below-ground egg mortality were examined with grasshopper species laying shallow egg pods (Ageneotettix deorum) and deeper egg pods (Melanoplus sanguinipes) to test the hypothesis that exposure to heat during fires was the mechanism responsible for population reductions in A. deorum following fire. 3. Species-specific oviposition characteristics mediated the effects of fire intensity on below-ground egg mortality. The results indicate that fires occurring in areas with at least 3100 kg ha(-1) standing crop biomass would be expected to significantly reduce populations of A. deorum, but not M. sanguinipes. No A. deorum eggs hatched in 12 of the 14 oviposition containers subjected to simulated fires approximating a standing crop biomass of 4500 kg ha(-1). This is the first study to link field observations of rangeland insect populations following fire to mechanisms related to below-ground egg mortality. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dbranson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00847.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132XO UT WOS:000243976400018 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Roundy, BA Blank, RR Meyer, SE Whittaker, A AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Roundy, Bruce A. Blank, Robert R. Meyer, Susan E. Whittaker, A. TI What makes Great Basin sagebrush ecosystems invasible by Bromus tectorum? SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; ecological resistance; elevation gradient; fire invasibility; plant removal; resource availability ID ALTERNATIVE STATE CONCEPTS; SOIL CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; MICROSITE REQUIREMENTS; DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; VEGETATION RESPONSE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES AB Ecosystem susceptibility to invasion by nonnative species is poorly understood, but evidence is increasing that spatial and temporal variability in resources has large-scale effects. We conducted a study in Artemisia tridentata ecosystems at two Great Basin locations examining differences in resource availability and invasibility of Bromus tectorum over elevation gradients and in response to direct and interacting effects of removal of perennial herbaceous vegetation and fire. We monitored environmental conditions, soil variables, and B. tectorum establishment and reproduction over two years. Soil water (measured as the number of days soil matric potential was. >-1.5 MPa) and nitrate availability (measured as micromoles of NO(3)-sorbed to resin capsules per day in the ground) decreased with decreasing elevation. Lower-elevation sites had greater annual variability in soil water availability than upper-elevation sites did. Soil nitrate levels were highest at all elevations when soils were wettest; nitrate availability was not more variable at lower elevations. Removal of herbaceous perennials increased soil water and nitrate availability, but burning without removal had only minor effects. Bromus tectorum had low establishment, biomass, and seed production on high-elevation sites and on a mid-elevation site during a cold, short, growing season probably due to ecophysiological limitations resulting from cold temperatures. Establishment, biomass, and seed production were variable at low elevations and best explained by soil characteristics and spatial and temporal variation in soil water. Removal and. re had minor effects on emergence and survival, but biomass and seed production increased two to three times following removal, two to six times after burning, and 10-30 times following removal and burning. Our data indicate that invasibility varies across elevation gradients and appears to be closely related to temperature at higher elevations and soil water availability at lower elevations. High variability in soil water and lower average perennial herbaceous cover may increase invasion potential at lower elevations. Soil water and nitrate availability increase following either. re or removal, but on intact sites native perennials typically increase following fire, limiting B. tectorum growth and reproduction. Following resource fluctuations, invasibility is lowest on sites with relatively high cover of perennial herbaceous species (i.e., sites in high ecological condition). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Agr Res Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Great Basin Res Ctr, Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ephraim, UT 84627 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us NR 128 TC 242 Z9 247 U1 4 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 117 EP 145 DI 10.1890/05-1991 PG 29 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155UM UT WOS:000245603900007 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Gese, EM AF Thompson, Craig M. Gese, Eric M. TI Food webs and intraguild predation: Community interactions of a native mesocarnivore SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asymmetrical competition; Colorado; USA; food web; intraguild predation; safety match; Sobel test; swift fox; Vulpes velox ID BOTTOM-UP FORCES; FOXES VULPES-VELOX; JOAQUIN KIT FOXES; SWIFT FOXES; TOP-DOWN; INTERMEDIATE PREDATORS; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HABITAT SELECTION; PREY SUPPRESSION AB Trophic level interactions between predators create complex relationships such as intraguild predation. Theoretical research has predicted two possible paths to stability in intraguild systems: intermediate predators either outcompete higher-order predators for shared resources or select habitat based on security. The effects of intraguild predation on intermediate mammalian predators such as swift foxes ( Vulpes velox) are not well understood. We examined the relationships between swift foxes and both their predators and prey, as well the effect of vegetation structure on swift fox-coyote ( Canis latrans) interactions, between August 2001 and August 2004. In a natural experiment created by the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in southeastern Colorado, USA, we documented swift fox survival and density in a variety of landscapes and compared these parameters in relation to prey availability, coyote abundance, and vegetation structure. Swift fox density varied significantly between study sites, while survival did not. Coyote abundance was positively related to the basal prey species and vegetation structure, while swift fox density was negatively related to coyote abundance, basal prey species, and vegetation structure. Our results support the prediction that, under intraguild predation in terrestrial systems, top predator distribution matches resource availability ( resource match), while intermediate predator distribution inversely matches predation risk ( safety match). While predation by coyotes may be the specific cause of swift fox mortality in this system, the more general mechanism appears to be exposure to predation moderated by shrub density. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Forest Range & Wildlif, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), Inst Wildlife Studies, POB 584, Bass Lake, CA 93604 USA. EM thompson@iws.org RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 73 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 10 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 334 EP 346 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[334:FWAIPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 156SA UT WOS:000245668400008 PM 17479752 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Lyon, SR AF Ibekwe, A. M. Lyon, S. R. TI Microbial characteristics through drinking water aquifer sand material SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; contaminated water; DNA; pollutants ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLEX BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PAENIBACILLUS-AZOTOFIXANS; PCR; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; DNA; CHRYSANTHEMUM AB Public health concerns about pathogens present in animal manure are emerging constraints to water supplies in many areas of the world. The objective of this study was to examine the microbial community composition in aquifer material impacted by contaminants from different sources. Total microbial community profiles were compared by using eubacterial primers to amplify 16S rRNA genes from total bacterial DNA and RNA. PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR were used to amplify 16S ribosomal RNA, and the products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE analysis of RT-PCR products detected a subset of bands visible in the DNA-based analysis, indicating that some dominantly detected bacterial populations did not have high levels of metabolic activity. The sequences detected by the RT-PCR approach were, however, derived from a wide taxonomic range, suggesting that the activity in the aquifer sand material was not determined at broad taxonomic levels but rather was a strain- or species-specific phenomenon. Comparative analysis of DGGE profiles grouped all DNA-derived aquifer samples together in a cluster. At the end of the experimental period, the aquifer material entered a stable population state, which was characterized by a greater diversity of DNA-based fingerprints compared to viable bacteria. Our data showed that the active members of the community are a sub-population of that community that performs certain biological functions during water filtration through aquifer material. Therefore, recharging surface water through aquifer sand material may produce a microbial population quite different from the input source due to the availability of nutrients for bacterial growth. C1 USDA ARS, USSL, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, USSL, 450 W Big Spring Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1002/elsc.200620167 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 137VV UT WOS:000244321700009 ER PT J AU Bean, DW Dudley, TL Keller, JC AF Bean, Daniel W. Dudley, Tom L. Keller, Julie C. TI Seasonal timing of diapause induction limits the effective range of Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) as a biological control agent for tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diorhabda elongata; photoperiod; thermoperiod; tamarisk; biocontrol ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION; LEAF BEETLE; ESTABLISHMENT; TEMPERATURE AB The leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata Brulle subspecies deserticola Chen, collected in northwestern China, has been released in the western United States to control tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). While beetle establishment and saltcedar defoliation have been noted at northern study sites, this species has not established at latitudes south of the 38th parallel. Critical daylength for diapause induction was measured in the laboratory and ranged between 14 h 50 min to 15 h 08 min, depending on temperature, and adults were shown to cease reproduction and enter diapause at daylengths of 14 h 30 min or less. Critical daylength in the field was measured at approximate to 14 h 39 min and occurred 13 d before 50% of the population reached diapause. South of 36 degrees 20' N, the longest days of the year are shorter than 14 h 39 min, making the beetles univoltine in the southern United States. North of 36 degrees 20' N, a window of reproductive activity opens 13 d after the critical daylength is reached in the spring and closes 13 d after it is passed in the summer, allowing at least a partial second summer generation. It is predicted that south of the 38th parallel, premature diapause will increase mortality and disrupt synchrony between the life cycle of the beetle and host plant availability. This could hinder establishment and help explain the failure of this population south of the 38th parallel, providing a rationale for testing other populations of D. elongata in the southern range of Tamarix in North America. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Bean, DW (reprint author), Palisade Insectary, Colorado Dept Agr, 750 37-8 Rd, Palisade, CO USA. EM dan.bean@ag.state.co.us NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[15:STODIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100003 PM 17349111 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Kaufman, PE AF Geden, C. J. Kaufman, P. E. TI Development of Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) on live house fly (Diptera : Muscidae) pupae and pupae killed by heat shock, irradiation, and cold SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptor; Spalangia cameroni; Pteromalidae; house fly; biological control ID CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE; FLIES DIPTERA; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; ZARAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POULTRY HOUSES; LIFE-HISTORY; NEW-YORK AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of killed house fly (Musca domestica L) pupae for production of two economically important pupal parasitoids. Two-day-old fly pupae were subjected to heat shock treatments of varying temperatures and durations in an oven at >= 70% RH; exposure to temperatures of 55 degrees C or higher for 15 min or longer resulted in 100% mortality. Exposure to 50 C resulted in 40 and 91% mortality at 15 and 60 min, respectively. All (100%) pupae placed in a -80 degrees C freezer were killed after 10-min exposure; exposure times of < 5 min resulted in < 21% mortality. Progeny production of Spalangia cameroni Perkins and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders (Hymeoptera: Pteromalidae) from pupae killed by heat shock or 50 kR of gamma radiation was not significantly different from production on live hosts on the day when pupae were killed. Freeze-killed pupae produced 16% fewer S. cameroni than live pupae and an equivalent amount of M. raptor progeny on the day when pupae were killed. When killed pupae were stored in freezer bags at 4 degrees C for 4 mo, heat-killed, irradiated, and freeze-killed pupae remained as effective for production of M. raptor as live pupae. Production of S. cameroni on heat-killed and irradiated pupae was equal to parasitoid production on live pupae for up to 2 mo of storage, after which production on killed pupae declined to 63% of that observed with live pupae. Production of S. cameroni. on freeze-killed pupae was 73-78% of production using live pupae during weeks 2-8 of storage and declined to 41 and 28% after 3 and 4 mo, respectively. Killing pupae by heat shock provides a simple and low-cost method for stockpiling high-quality hosts for mass-rearing both of these filth fly biological control agents. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM cgeden@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[34:DOSCAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100005 PM 17349113 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Borchert, DM Hall, DG AF Lapointe, Stephen L. Borchert, Daniel M. Hall, David G. TI Effect of low temperatures on mortality and oviposition in conjunction with climate mapping to predict spread of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus and introduced natural enemies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes root weevil; climate; oviposition threshold; lethal temperature; cold ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CITRUS; PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE AB The tropical root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), has been a pest of citrus and ornamental plants since its introduction into Lake County, FL, in 1964. Since then, it has colonized the Florida peninsula to the south of its point of introduction but has not expanded its range to the north. A lower threshold for oviposition by D. abbreviates was estimated as 14.9 degrees C. Eggs were highly susceptible to cold, with 95% mortality (LTime(95)) occurring in 4.2 d at 12 degrees C. Relative susceptibility of life stages to cold was eggs > pupae > larvae > adults. Archived weather data from Florida were examined to guide a mapping exercise using the lower developmental threshold for larvae (12 degrees C) and the lower threshold for oviposition (15 degrees C) as critical temperatures for mapping the distribution of D. abbreviates and the potential for establishment of egg parasitoids. Probability maps using the last 10 yr of weather data examined the frequency of at least 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 d per winter when soil temperature was <= 12 degrees C. The geographic area that experienced between 15 and 20 d per winter with mean daily soil temperature <= 12 degrees C closely approximated the northern limit of D. abbreviates in Florida. Homologous maps of Arizona, California, and Texas predict the areas where soil temperatures favor establishment of D. abbreviatus. Successful establishment of egg parasitoids in Florida seems to be limited to southern Florida, where mean daily air temperatures fall below 15 degrees C < 25 d/yr. By this measure, we predict that egg parasitoids will not establish in Arizona, California, or Texas. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,PERAL, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM SLapointe@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[73:EOLTOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100011 PM 17349119 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Throne, JE AF Opit, G. P. Throne, J. E. TI Influence of maternal age on the fitness of progeny in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice weevils; egg size variation; maternal age; offspring fitness; "Lansing effect" ID CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS COLEOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PARENTAL AGE; EGG SIZE; CONSEQUENCES; PLASTICITY; BRUCHIDAE AB We studied the effects of maternal age on fitness of progeny in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Five-, 20-, and 50-d-old female rice weevils were used to study the effects of maternal age on the lifetime fecundity and longevity of their daughters. In addition, we determined the effects of maternal age on the weight and survivorship of daughters' progeny. Daughters of 5- and 20-d-old weevils lived longer, and the numbers and weights of the progeny of these daughters were higher than for daughters of 50-d-old weevils. Survivorship of immature grand-offspring of 5-, 20-, and 50-d-old female weevils was similar. None of the fitness characteristics of the daughters and grand-offspring of 5- and 20-d-old weevils that were measured differed significantly. We believe maternal age effects on rice weevil progeny fitness may at least partly be acting through maternal age effect on egg size. Individuals that developed from younger 5- and 20-d-old weevils had a greater fitness than those produced by older 50-d-old females. Our study shows maternal age is impacting life history parameters that influence population dynamics across generations. Therefore, maternal age could significantly affect population development and have far reaching implications for pest management and simulation modeling of rice weevil populations. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM george.opit@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[83:IOMAOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100012 PM 17349120 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Abrigo, V AF Showler, Allan T. Abrigo, Veronica TI Common subtropical and tropical nonpollen food sources of the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; citrus; nutrition; Opuntia; overwinter ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; FIELD CONDITIONS; COTTON FRUIT; HOST PLANTS; TEXAS; OVIPOSITION; SURVIVAL; MISSISSIPPI; POPULATIONS AB It is known that substantial boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, individuals can survive mild subtropical winters in some habitats, such as citrus orchards. Our study shows that endocarp of the fruit from prickly pear cactus, Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex. Engel.; orange, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.; and grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfad., can sustain newly emerged adult boll weevils for > 5 mo, which is the duration of the cotton-free season in the subtropical Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and other cotton-growing areas in the Western Hemisphere. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and the boll weevil occur in the same areas with one or all three plant species (or other citrus and Opuntia species that might also nourish boll weevils) from south Texas to Argentina. Although adult boll weevils did not produce eggs when fed exclusively on the endocarps of prickly pear, orange, or grapefruit, these plants make it possible for boll weevils to survive from one cotton growing season to the next, which could pose challenges to eradication efforts. C1 USDA ARS, Kuka de La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kuka de La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[99:CSATNF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100014 PM 17349122 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Carriere, Y Dennehy, TJ Tabashnik, BE AF Sisterson, Mark S. Carriere, Yves Dennehy, Timothy J. Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI Nontarget effects of transgenic insecticidal crops: Implications of source-sink population dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; nontarget; transgenic crops; risk assessment; source-sink ID ARTHROPOD NATURAL ENEMIES; BT COTTON; PLANTS; FIELD; RESISTANCE; CORN; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENT AB Widespread planting of transgenic insecticidal (TI) crops for pest control has raised concerns about potential harm to nontarget arthropods. Because the first generation of TI crops produce single Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins causing little or no harm to most nontarget arthropods, they are not likely to cause such negative effects. However, varieties of transgenic crops with multiple Bt toxins or novel toxins might be more harmful to nontarget arthropods. Field studies assessing nontarget effects typically compare the relative abundance of nontarget arthropods in TI crop fields to non-TI crop fields. However, for nontarget arthropods that are killed by TI crops, such analyses may miss important effects. Results from simulations of a spatially explicit population dynamics model show that large-scale planting of TI crops could cause three types of negative effects on nontarget arthropods that suffer mortality caused by TI crops: (1) lower abundance in TI fields than non-TI fields with little or no effect on abundance in non-TI fields, (2) lower abundance in TI fields than non-TI fields and decreased abundance in non-TI fields, and (3) loss of the arthropod from TI and non-TI fields. Simulation results show that factors increasing the potential for negative effects of TI crops on nontarget arthropods in non-TI fields are low reproduction, high emigration, high adoption of TI crops, high mortality in TI fields, insecticide sprays, and rotation of TI and non-TI fields. The results suggest that risk assessment should consider the regional distribution of transgenic crops and the life history traits of nontarget arthropods to identify the most vulnerable regions and nontarget species. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM msisterson@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1K12 GM00708] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[121:NEOTIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100017 PM 17349125 ER PT J AU Patt, JM Setamou, M AF Patt, J. M. Setamou, M. TI Olfactory and visual stimuli affecting host plant detection in Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; olfactometer; chemoreception; color perception; hostfinding behavior ID HESSIAN FLY; LEAFHOPPER; BEHAVIOR; COLOR; CUES; DISCRIMINATION; HOMOPTERA; VECTORS; DISEASE; BIOLOGY AB The relative effects of visual and olfactory stimuli on host plant detection in immature and adult Homalodisca coagulata Say (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) were studied using a novel olfactometer and factorial experimental designs. Colored, gray, and white cards were used as visual targets. Each card was attached to a glass thistle tube from which host-plant odor (from Vigna unguiculata L.) or blank, humidified air was dispensed. Visual + odor stimuli combinations were presented in no-choice tests. Nymphs were released onto a perch stick downwind from the target. Nymph response to color + odor treatments was measured by the duration of orientation behavior, residence time on the perch, and percentage of individuals that jumped to the target. The assay was modified so that adults crawled from the perch onto the target. Adult response was measured by the duration of individual behaviors (e.g., foraging) and by their position and residence time on the target. Both main effects and interactive effects of the stimuli were observed. Nymphs showed a decrease in orientation and residence times in the colored target + host odor treatments and increased jumping response in the gray + host odor treatment. When adults were exposed to host odor, the duration of foraging behavior increased, whereas crawling and phototactic behaviors decreased. Although nymphs and adults responded to visual stimuli + blank air treatments, host odor enhanced their responses. The primary effect of host odor on host detection behavior may be to enhance H. coagulata responsiveness to visual cues. C1 USDA ARS, KSARC, Benefic Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patt, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, KSARC, Benefic Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jpatt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[142:OAVSAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100019 PM 17349127 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, A. L. TI Multiple mating of male and female codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; Cydia pomonella; behavior; traps; monitoring ID CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA LEPIDOPTERA; POMONELLA L LEPIDOPTERA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; SPRUCE BUDWORM; WIND-TUNNEL; DISRUPTION; OVIPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; TRAPS; OLETHREUTIDAE AB Studies were conducted with codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to evaluate the mating status of male and female moths in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), orchards treated with and without sex pheromone dispensers. Laboratory studies first examined the effect of multiple mating of male and female moths on female fecundity and egg fertility. Females that had mated three times had a significantly higher fecundity than singly mated moths. Sequential mating by male moths had no effect on the fecundity of female moths or egg fertility. However, male moth age did impact female fecundity, with significantly fewer eggs laid after mating with virgin 1- versus 3-d-old males. The mean size of the first spermatophore transferred by males was significantly larger than all subsequent spermatophores. Classifying spermatophores based on size was used in field sampling to categorize the mating status of the female's partner. The proportion of mated females with small spermatophores (partner had previously mated) was significantly higher in treated versus untreated orchards. The proportion of female moths caught in traps baited with pear ester that were virgin was low (<= 0.26) in both treated and untreated orchards. The proportion of females with more than one spermatophore was low (<= 0.06) in treated orchards all season and during first moth flight in untreated orchards (0.11). Nearly one third of female moths, however, had more than a single spermatophore in untreated orchards during the second moth flight. The potential impacts of multiple mating and delayed mating by male and female codling moth on the effectiveness of sex pheromones are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[157:MMOMAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100021 PM 17349129 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF AF Esquivel, J. F. TI Evaluation of puncture types as indicators of boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) oviposition in cotton squares SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; oviposition; puncture types; cotton ID FECUNDITY AB Reproductive boll weevil populations are typically identified by the presence of a frass seal and protuberance at the oviposition site in cotton squares. However, despite the occurrence of other oviposition puncture seal types and their use in previous fecundity studies, the relationship of these respective puncture seal types and oviposition has not been clearly examined. In this study, newly eclosed females (<= 24 h old, but mated at 4 d of age) were fed fresh squares daily for 8 d to determine oviposition frequency in relation to individual puncture seal types. Puncture seal types were classified as unsealed; puncture with frass seal; puncture with wax seal; and puncture with wax seal and partially covered with frass. Overall, no significant associations were detected between the types of sealed punctures, and the frequency of oviposition in sealed punctures ranged from 64.6 (wax-seal with frass) to 72.9% (frass-sealed) during 2001 and 53.4 (wax-sealed) to 55.2% (wax-seal with frass) during 2002. Examination of individual trials revealed considerable variability in oviposition associated with all sealed puncture types. Oviposition also occurred in unsealed punctures by mated females in all trials. Because of the high degree of oviposition observed in punctures not normally associated as oviposition sites (i.e., wax-seal with frass, wax-seal), this study clearly shows the need to consider other puncture types as potential indicators of reproductive weevil populations. These results will be critical in boll weevil management programs where accurate detection of reproductive weevil populations is crucial for continued pest suppression. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM zeus@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[183:EOPTAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100024 PM 17349132 ER PT J AU Prasifka, PL Hellmich, RL Prasifka, JR Lewis, LC AF Prasifka, Patricia L. Hellmich, Richard L. Prasifka, Jarrad R. Lewis, Leslie C. TI Effects of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers on the movement of monarch butterfly larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic corn; nontargets; Danaus plexippus; behavior; EthoVision ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS FORMULATIONS; DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; ASCLEPIAS-SYRIACA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; POLLEN; DANAIDAE; DIETS AB Decreased larval feeding and weight of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus L., have been detected after 4 d of exposure in the laboratory to a high density of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-expressing anthers. One hypothesis is that larvae exposed to Bt anthers exhibit increased wandering, resulting in less feeding and lower weight gain. To test this hypothesis 2-d-old monarch butterfly larvae exposed to milkweed leaf disks with no anthers, anthers that express Bt (Cry1Ab, event MON810), or other non-Bt anthers were observed using a video-tracking system. As had been shown in previous studies, larvae exposed to Bt anthers fed less and gained less weight than larvae exposed to non-Bt or no anthers, yet there was no evidence of feeding on anthers. Total distance moved, maximum displacement from release point, percentage of time spent moving or near anthers, or mean turn angle did not differ across treatments. However, larvae exposed to Bt anthers spent more time off milkweed leaf disks than those exposed to no anthers and were more likely to move off the leaf than larvae exposed to non-Bt anthers. Results suggest that larvae exposed to Bt anthers behave differently and that ingestion may not be the only way Bt can affect nontarget insects like the monarch butterfly. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Prasifka, PL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, 13 Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM anderpl@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 32 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[228:EOCCAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 134WW UT WOS:000244116100029 PM 17349137 ER PT J AU Fisher, WS Davis, WP Quarles, RL Patrick, J Campbell, JG Harris, PS Hemmer, BL Parsons, M AF Fisher, William S. Davis, William P. Quarles, Robert L. Patrick, James Campbell, Jed G. Harris, Peggy S. Hemmer, Becky L. Parsons, Mel TI Characterizing coral condition using estimates of three-dimensional colony surface area SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE coral colony surface area; coral condition assessment; coral monitoring; coral mortality; coral reef topographic complexity; coral three-dimensional surface area; coral size; Florida Keys ID REEF CORALS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH; GROWTH; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; STRATEGY AB Coral reefs provide shoreline protection, biological diversity, fishery harvests, and tourism, all values that stem from the physically-complex coral infrastructure. Stony corals (scleractinians) construct and maintain the reef through deposition of calcium carbonate. Therefore, assessment of coral reefs requires at least some measurement endpoints that reflect the biological and physical condition of stony corals. Most monitoring programs portray coral quantity as live coral cover, which is the two-dimensional proportion of coral surface to sea floor viewed from above (planar view). The absence of the third dimension, however, limits our ability to characterize coral reef value, physiology, health and sustainability. A three-dimensional (3D) approach more realistically characterizes coral structure available as community habitat and, when combined with estimates of live coral tissue, quantifies the amount of living coral available for photosynthesis, growth and reproduction. A rapid coral survey procedure that coupled 3D coral quantification with more traditional survey measurements was developed and tested in the field. The survey procedure relied on only three underwater observations - species identification, colony size, and proportion of live tissue - made on each colony in the transect. These observations generated a variety of metrics, including several based on 3D colony surface area, that are relevant to reef management. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. USDA ARS, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-3 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9527-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132VG UT WOS:000243970000035 PM 17225074 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, A. Dennis TI A procedure for NEPA assessment of selenium hazards associated with mining SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic selenium pollution; ecological risk assessment; environmental impact statement; mining; national forests; NEPA; SMCRA; TMDLs ID FRESH-WATER RESERVOIR; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FISH; TOXICITY; QUALITY; SAFETY AB This paper gives step-by-step instructions for assessing aquatic selenium hazards associated with mining. The procedure was developed to provide the U.S. Forest Service with a proactive capability for determining the risk of selenium pollution when it reviews mine permit applications in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The procedural framework is constructed in a decision-tree format in order to guide users through the various steps, provide a logical sequence for completing individual tasks, and identify key decision points. There are five major components designed to gather information on operational parameters of the proposed mine as well as key aspects of the physical, chemical, and biological environment surrounding it - geological assessment, mine operation assessment, hydrological assessment, biological assessment, and hazard assessment. Validation tests conducted at three mines where selenium pollution has occurred confirmed that the procedure will accurately predict ecological risks. In each case, it correctly identified and quantified selenium hazard, and indicated the steps needed to reduce this hazard to an acceptable level. By utilizing the procedure, NEPA workers can be confident in their ability to understand the risk of aquatic selenium pollution and take appropriate action. Although the procedure was developed for the Forest Service it should also be useful to other federal land management agencies that conduct NEPA assessments, as well as regulatory agencies responsible for issuing coal mining permits under the authority of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) and associated Section 401 water quality certification under the Clean Water Act. Mining companies will also benefit from the application of this procedure because priority selenium sources can be identified in relation to specific mine operating parameters. The procedure will reveal the point(s) at which there is a need to modify operating conditions to meet environmental quality goals. By recognizing concerns early in the NEPA process, it may be possible for a mining company to match operational parameters with environmental requirements, thereby increasing the likelihood that the permit application will be approved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, USDA, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM dlemly@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-3 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9445-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132VG UT WOS:000243970000036 PM 17235484 ER PT J AU Jones, TF McMillian, MB Scallan, E Frenzen, PD Cronquist, AB Thomas, S Angulo, FJ AF Jones, T. F. McMillian, M. B. Scallan, E. Frenzen, P. D. Cronquist, A. B. Thomas, S. Angulo, F. J. TI A population-based estimate of the substantial burden of diarrhoeal disease in the United States; FoodNet, 1996-2003 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; COMMUNITY; INFECTIONS; MAGNITUDE; CHILDREN; COHORT; DEATH; RISK AB From 1996 to 2003, four 12-month population-based surveys were performed in FoodNet sites to determine the burden of diarrhoeal disease in the population. Acute diarrhoeal illness (ADI) was defined as > 3 loose stools in 24 hours with impairment of daily activities or duration of diarrhoea > 1 day. A total of 52 840 interviews were completed. The overall weighted prevalence of ADI in the previous month was 5(.)1 % (95 % CI +/- 0(.)3 %), corresponding to 0(.)6 episodes of ADI per person per year. The average monthly prevalence of ADI was similar in each of the four survey cycles (range 4(.)5-5(.)2 %). Rates of ADI were highest in those age < 5 years. Of those with ADI, 33(.)8 % (95 % CI + 2(.)7 %) reported vomiting, 19(.)5 % (95 % Cl + 2(.)1 %) visited a medical provider, and 7(.)8 % (95 % CI + 1(.)4 %) took antibiotics. Rates of ADI were remarkably consistent over time, and demonstrate the substantial burden placed on the health-care system. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Comm & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Comm & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 35 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006765 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 142MA UT WOS:000244652800014 PM 17291364 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Samson, MI Gapas, P AF Olk, D. C. Samson, M. I. Gapas, P. TI Inhibition of nitrogen mineralization in young humic fractions by anaerobic decomposition of rice crop residues SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL LOWLAND SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ACID FRACTIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS; ACCUMULATION; MANAGEMENT; N-15 AB Field observations indicate a long-term decrease in crop uptake of N derived from soil organic matter under continuous production of irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Decreased availability has been associated with an accumulation of phenolic lignin residues in soil organic matter, which can chemically bind N. To evaluate the hypothesis that the decrease in N availability results primarily from anaerobic decomposition of incorporated crop residues, (15)N-labelled fertilizer was applied three times during one growing season in a field study that compared anaerobic decomposition with aerobic decomposition for annual rotations of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-rice and rice-maize (Zea mays L.). Contents of (15)N and total N during the growing season were measured in humic fractions and total soil organic matter. Results indicated an inhibition of N mineralization for the rice-rice rotation with anaerobic decomposition of crop residues, both for (15)N that was immobilized after application and for total N. The inhibition was strongest for (15)N that was applied at planting. It became more evident as the season progressed and reached significant levels during mid-season stages of plant growth when crop demand for N peaks. These results were clearest for a young, phenolic-rich humic fraction that was active in (15)N immobilization and remineralization. Comparable but less significant trends were evident for a more recalcitrant humic fraction and for soil organic matter. Trends in crop-N uptake associated the combination of rice-rice rotation and anaerobic decomposition with inhibited uptake of soil organic N but uninhibited uptake of fertilizer N. Increased aeration of rice soils through aerobic decomposition of crop residues or crop rotation is a promising management technique for improving soil N supply in lowland rice cropping. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, DAPO, Manila, Philippines. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00836.x PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132KE UT WOS:000243940900028 ER PT J AU Christen, S Cattin, I Knight, I Winyard, PG Blum, JW Elsasser, TH AF Christen, Stephan Cattin, Isabelle Knight, Iona Winyard, Paul G. Blum, Juerg W. Elsasser, Theodore H. TI Plasma S-nitrosothiol status in neonatal calves: Ontogenetic associations with tissue-specific S-nitrosylation and nitric oxide synthase SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE reactive nitrogen oxides; ontogenesis; S-nitrosylation; nitric oxide synthase ID SERUM-ALBUMIN; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; PRETERM INFANTS; GROWTH-HORMONE; AMINO-ACIDS; L-ARGININE; ASCORBATE; NITRATE; BLOOD; TERM AB Neonatal cattle and in part neonates of other species have manyfold higher plasma concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate than mature cows and subjects of other species, suggesting an enhanced and needed activation of the nitric oxide (NO) axis at birth. While the biological half-life of NO is short (< 1 sec), its functionality can be prolonged, and in many regards more discretely modulated, when it reacts with low-molecular-weight and protein-bound thiols to form S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), from which NO subsequently can be rereleased. We used the calf as a model to test the hypothesis that plasma concentrations of RSNO are elevated at birth in mammals, correlate with ascorbate and urate levels, are selectively generated in critical tissue beds, and are generated in a manner temporally coincident with changes in tissue levels of active NO synthases (NOS). Plasma concentrations of RSNO, ascorbate, and urate were highest immediately after birth (Day 0), dropped > 50% on Day 1, and gradually decreased over time, reaching a nadir in mature cattle. Albumin and immunoglobulin G were identified as major plasma RSNO. The presence of S-nitrosocysteine (SNC, a validated marker for S-nitrosylated proteins), inducible NOS (iNOS), and activated endothelial NOS (eNOS phosphorylated at Ser1177) in different tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in another group of similar-aged calves. SNC, iNOS, and phosphorylated eNOS were detected in liver and ileum at the earliest timepoint of sampling (4 hrs after birth), increased between 4 and 24 hrs, and then declined to near-nondetectable levels by 2 weeks of life. Our data show that the neonatal period in the bovine species is characterized by highly elevated and coordinated NO-generating and nitrosylation events, with the ontogenetic changes occurring in iNOS and eNOS contents in key tissues as well as RSNO products and associated antioxidant markers. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Infect Dis, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Div Nutr & Physiol, Inst Anim Genet Nutr & Housing, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Exeter, Peminsula Med Sch, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, England. Univ Plymouth, Peminsula Med Sch, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, England. RP Blum, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Room 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Kummer, Juerg/B-3322-2011; Christen, Stephan/B-8602-2009; OI Winyard, Paul/0000-0002-9613-1202 NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 232 IS 2 BP 309 EP 322 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 129WU UT WOS:000243761600017 PM 17259339 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Taylor, A AF Chiu, Chung-Jung Taylor, Allen TI Nutritional antioxidants and age-related cataract and maculopathy SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE aging; lens; lutein; zeaxanthin; vitamin C; vitamin E; retina; nutrition; carbohydrate; fat; Healthy Eating Index; dietary pattern; evidence-based medicine ID NUCLEAR LENS OPACITIES; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; BLUE-MOUNTAINS-EYE; BEAVER DAM EYE; POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TERM NUTRIENT INTAKE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; BETA-CAROTENE; RISK-FACTORS AB Loss of vision is the second greatest, next to death, fear among the elderly. Age-related cataract (ARC) and maculopathy (ARM) are two major causes of blindness worldwide. There are several important reasons to study relationships between risk for ARC/ARM and nutrition: (1) because it is likely that the same nutritional practices that are associated with prolonged eye function will also be associated with delayed age-related compromises to other organs, and perhaps, aging in general, (2) surgical resources are insufficient to provide economic and safe surgeries for cataract and do not provide a cure for ARM, and (3) there will be considerable financial savings and improvements in quality of life if health rather than old age is extended, particularly given the rapidly growing elderly segment of our population. It is clear that oxidative stress is associated with compromises to the lens and retina. Recent literature indicates that antioxidants may ameliorate the risk for ARC and ARM. Given the association between oxidative damage and age-related eye debilities, it is not surprising that over 70 studies have attempted to relate antioxidant intake to risk for ARC and ARM. This article will review epidemiological literature about ARC and ARM with emphasis on roles for vitamins C and E and carotenoids. Since glycation and glycoxidation are major molecular insults which involve an oxidative stress component, we also review new literature that relates dietary carbohydrate intake to risk for ARC and ARM. To evaluate dietary effects as a whole, several studies have tried to relate dietary patterns to risk for ARC. We will also give some attention to this emerging research. While data from the observational studies generally support a protective role for antioxidants in foods or supplements, results from intervention trials are less encouraging with respect to limiting risk for ARC/ARM prevalence or progress through antioxidant supplementations, or maintaining higher levels of antioxidants either in diet or blood. Without more information it is difficult to parse these results. It would be worthwhile to determine why the various types of studies are not yielding similar results. However, there are many common insults and mechanistic compromises that are associated with aging, and proper nutrition early in life may address some of these compromises and provide for extended youthful function later in life. Indeed, proper nutrition, possibly including use of antioxidant supplements for the nutritionally impoverished, along with healthy life styles may provide the least costly and most practical means to delay ARC and ARM. Further studies should be devoted to identifying the most effective strategy to prevent or delay the development and progress of ARC/ARM. The efforts should include identifying the right nutrient(s), defining useful levels of the nutrient(s), and determining the age when the supplementation should begin. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R03-EY014183-01A2]; PHS HHS [R01-13250] NR 103 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 EI 1096-0007 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2006.05.015 PG 17 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 129WT UT WOS:000243761500002 PM 16879819 ER PT J AU Flythe, MD Russell, JB AF Flythe, Michael D. Russell, James B. TI Effect of acidic pH on the ability of Clostridium sporogenes MD1 to take up and retain intracellular potassium SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acid stress; Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium sporogenes; intracellular potassium; potassium accumulation; potassium efflux ID PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OSMOTIC-STRESS; MEMBRANE; BACTERIA; SYSTEMS; CELL AB At pH values > 5.5, Clostridium sporogenes MD1 accumulated potassium even though it had little protonmotive force, but an ATPase inhibitor (N, N'- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) prevented this uptake. The results suggested that potassium transport was ATP-driven, and a protonophore (3, 3', 4', 5 - tetrachlorosalicylanilide) did not eliminate uptake. However, potassium uptake could also be driven by an artificial pH gradient, and in this case the protonophore acted as an inhibitor. These latter results indicated that the cells also had a protonmotive force-driven transporter. When the pH < 5.1, the cells could not retain potassium, rapid efflux was observed, and intracellular volume collapsed. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@Cornell.edu RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00535.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122OD UT WOS:000243235400007 PM 17233675 ER PT J AU Sacks, EJ Dhanapala, MP Cruz, MTS Sallan, R AF Sacks, E. J. Dhanapala, M. P. Cruz, M. T. Sta. Sallan, R. TI Clonal performance of perennial Oryza sativalO. rufipogon selections and their combining ability with O-sativa cultivars for survival, stolon production and yield SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE perennial upland rice; Oryza sativa; Oryza rufipogon; interspecific crosses; stolon; fertility ID SOIL-EROSION; UPLAND RICE; ORIGIN; AGRICULTURE; POPULATION; FERTILITY AB In Southeast Asia, upland rice (Oryza sativa) is an annual crop typically grown for subsistence on hilly lands that are at risk for soil erosion. If perennial cultivars of upland rice were developed, they would provide farmers with an inexpensive tool to produce a preferred food while conserving soil. O. rufipogon, the undomesticated progenitor of O.sativa, includes perennial and stoloniferous forms. To evaluate the feasibility of developing perennial cultivars by combining genes of O.sativa and O.rufipogon, four trials were conducted in an upland field at IRRI:O. sativalO. rufipogon F-1 clone and cutting height trial, F-2 family trial, and two O.scitiva/stoloniferous-selection factorial mating design trials. Plants were established at the beginning of the rainy season, then subjected to a 6-month dry season and evaluated for survival after 1 year. Of the 2101 cultivar control plants, only three IR47686-1-4-B individuals survived and none produced stolons. The 18 F, clones, which were selected from previous trials with less drought stress, ranged in survival from 4.4 to 91.4%. Cutting height at harvest did not affect survival. Survival among the F,, families ranged from 9.4 to 31.9%. Segregation for stolon presence did not differ from a 3:1 ratio for five of the six F2 families, suggesting the effect of a single dominant gene. Average yields per plant for the F2 families were 1/3 to 1/9 of yields for the cultivars. However, by crossing the F(1)s to cultivars, yield potential was almost fully recovered. For the full-sib families of the factorial trials, survival ranged from 0.0 to 48.6%. Azucena and IR47686-1-4-B, both japonica cultivars, exhibited greater general combining ability for survival relative to the six other cultivar parents. Thus, the process of developing perennial cultivars of rice should include screening annual cultivars to identify those with the best combining ability for survival. To develop cultivars of perennial upland rice, drought avoidance and/or tolerance from annual upland cultivars must be combined with the capacity for perennial growth from wild perennial species. The frequency of stolonifereous testcross progeny was lower than expected and was affected by the 0. sativa parent. Thus, additional genes likely affected stolon penetrance and expression. Analyses of covariance indicated that stolons improved the likelihood of survival for progenies of the factorial trials but the effect was small (b < 0.1), and that yield (g/plant) had a small negative effect on percent survival (b = -0.13 to -0.32). This study demonstrated that it was possible to introgress genes for perennial growth from wild 0. rufipogon accessions into domesticated 0. sativa. Additionally,strategic, for developing perennial cultivars Of upland rice were improved. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Plant Breeding Genet & Biochem Div, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP Sacks, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM erik_sacks@lycos.com NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.06.003 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 128IP UT WOS:000243651700004 ER PT J AU Liu, WZ Zhang, XC AF Liu, W. -Z. Zhang, X-C. TI Optimizing water and fertilizer input using an elasticity index: A case study with maize in the loess plateau of china SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fertility; maize; optimization; production function; water use efficiency ID USE EFFICIENCY; WHEAT; NITROGEN; YIELD; CLIMATE; PLANT AB Matching fertilizer rates with available water supplies in water-scarce environments remains a major challenge for improving water use efficiency and crop yield. The objectives are to (i) develop a new approach to characterizing interrelations of yield (Y), evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil fertility using an elasticity index, and (ii) to further derive optimal-coupling domains of water and fertilizer inputs using maize data of 1997 and 1998, as an example. The experiment was an incomplete factorial design with two factors (water supply and fertilizer input) with five levels each, and had a total of 13 treatments with three replicates each. A maize cultivar (Zhongdan 2, Zea mays L.) was grown in a loessial silt loam in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau of China. Irrigation was hand applied at predetermined amounts as needed, and fertilizers including nitrogen, phosphate, and yard manure were applied at planting and jointing at predetermined rates. Approaches on how to use the crop-water production function and elasticity index (EI) to characterize the interrelations of Y, ET, and WUE were presented, and further extended to derive the optimal-coupling domains of water and fertilizer inputs. Yield responses to water and fertilizer inputs followed a quadratic function with a positive interactive term. When constrained by local maximum yields, the optimal-coupling domain took a half-ellipse form with the global maximum WUE and Y (or maximum ET) corresponding to the left and right end points on its long axis. As water supply increased, WUE reached its maximum before yield did. If water supply is limiting, fertilizer rates that maximize WUE rather than yield should be used; otherwise, seeking maximum yield may be desirable. For irrigation management, total water supply to maize should not exceed 550 mm in the region. Furthermore, the optimal domain can be used to determine optimal fertilizer rates for any given water supply, which may be estimated from seasonal climate forecasts in the case of dryland fanning or based on available water supply for future irrigation. For a given water supply, fertilizer rates should be between the rate of reaching local maximum WUE and the rate of reaching local maximum yield. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2-3 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.08.005 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 128IP UT WOS:000243651700018 ER PT J AU Ellefson, PV Kilgore, MA Granskog, JE AF Ellefson, Paul V. Kilgore, Michael A. Granskog, James E. TI Government regulation of forestry practices on private forest land in the United States: An assessment of state government responsibilities and program performance SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE forestry practices; government regulation; private forest land AB In 2003, a comprehensive assessment of state government, forest practice regulatory programs in the United States was undertaken. Involved was an extensive review of the literature and information gathering from program administrators in all 50 states. The assessment determined that regulatory programs focus on a wide range of forestry practices applied to private forests; state agencies regulating forestry practices are numerous and responsible for substantial investment in forest practice regulatory programs; 15 state governments have especially prominent regulatory programs; and past evaluations of regulatory program performance have produced mixed results. Program administrators suggest regulatory program design and administration would benefit from research focused on identifying forestry sectors requiring regulatory attention; design of regulatory programs and means for evaluating their performance; equity and distributional consequences of regulatory program enforcement; and the design of information management systems for monitoring regulatory programs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ellefson, PV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pellefso@umn.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 620 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2006.05.001 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 142QF UT WOS:000244664000005 ER PT J AU Yang, J He, HS Shifley, SR Gustafson, EJ AF Yang, Jian He, Hong S. Shifley, Stephen R. Gustafson, Eric J. TI Spatial patterns of modern period human-caused fire occurrence in the Missouri Ozark Highlands SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire occurrence; human-caused fires; spatial point pattern; inhomogeneous Poisson process; wildfire ID POINT PATTERNS; FOREST-FIRES; RESIDUAL ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; REGIMES; DYNAMICS; RECONSTRUCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION AB The spatial pattern of forest fire, locations is important in the study of the dynamics of fire disturbance. In this article we used a spatial point process modeling approach to quantitatively study the effects of land cover, topography, roads, municipalities, ownership, and population density on fire occurrence reported between 1970 and 2002 in the Missouri Ozark Highland forests, where more than 90% of fires are human-caused. We used the AIC (Akaike information criterion) method to select an appropriate inhomogeneous Poisson process model to best fit to the data. The fitted model was diagnosed using residual analysis as well. Our results showed that fire locations were spatially clustered, and high fire occurrence probability was found in areas that (1) were public land, (2) within 6 km to 17 km of municipalities, and (3) < 500 m from roads where forests; are accessible to humans. In addition, fire occurrence probability was higher in pine-oak forests on moderate (< 25 degree) slopes and xeric aspects and at higher (> 270 m) elevations, reflecting the effects of natural factors on fire occurrence. The results serve as a provisional hypothesis for expanding fire risk estimation to surrounding areas. The spatial scale of analysis (approximately 1 ha) provides new information to guide planning and risk reduction efforts. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 46 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136OL UT WOS:000244233900001 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Kilgore, MA Hudson, R Donnay, J AF Snyder, Stephanie A. Kilgore, Michael A. Hudson, Rachel Donnay, Jacob TI Determinants of forest land prices in northern Minnesota: A hedonic pricing approach SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest land prices; forest markets; hedonic analysis; forest finance; price function ID PROPERTY-VALUES; AMENITIES; SPACE; MODEL AB A hedonic price model was developed to analyze the market for undeveloped forestland in northern Minnesota. The data included 387 forestland parcels purchased in 2001 or 2002. Information describing parcel physical characteristics, amenity features, merchantable timber volume, development trends, terms of financing, and several proximity, distance, and adjacency conditions were tested for their influence on forestland prices. The model's independent variables collectively explained approximately 50% of the variation in per hectare sale price. The method by which forestland sales were financed, road access and density, proximity to population centers, and presence of lake or river frontage had the largest positive influences on per hectare sale prices. Adjacency to public land had an unexpectedly large, negative influence on sale price. Importantly, a parcel's merchantable timber volume was not found to be a significant predictor of forestland sale price. In general, forestland markets were driven by three major influences: land development pressures, presence of or close proximity to a water body, and the use of contract for deed financing. C1 USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; mkilgore@umn.edu; rachelhudson@fs.fed.us; donn0061@umn.edu NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136OL UT WOS:000244233900003 ER PT J AU Roesch, FA AF Roesch, Francis A. TI Compatible estimators of the components of change for a rotating panel forest inventory design SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sampling; simulation; estimation; mortality; harvest AB This article presents two approaches for estimating the components of forest change utilizing data from a rotating panel sample design. One approach uses a variant of the exponentially weighted moving average estimator and the other approach uses mixed estimation. Three general transition models were each combined with a single compatibility model for the mixed estimation approach. The four resulting estimation systems are compared and contrasted in a sample simulation study covering four simulated populations. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM froesch@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136OL UT WOS:000244233900006 ER PT J AU Cram, MM Enebak, SA Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD Zarnoch, SJ AF Cram, Michelle M. Enebak, Scott A. Fraedrich, Stephen W. Dwinell, Lew D. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Evaluation of fumigants, EPTC herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans in the production of loblolly pine seedlings SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chloropicrin; methyl bromide; metam sodium; eptam; sec-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate; Longidorus; Pythiam; Fusarium; Trichoderma; Pinus taeda ID PEPPER TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION; FOREST TREE NURSERY; METHYL-BROMIDE; CONIFER NURSERIES; SOIL FUMIGATION; GEORGIA; TOBACCO; CHLOROPICRIN; ASSOCIATION; GLYPHOSATE AB Chloropicrin fumigation, Eptam 7-E (EPTC) herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans seed treatments were evaluated as alternatives to fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling production at three nurseries in the southern United States. A treatment of metam sodium/chloropicrin was also evaluated at one nursery. Seedling density was unaffected by fumigation and EPTC treatments;at all nurseries. Seedling diameter and shoot weight were greater in some chloropicrin treatments during the first year at the southern Georgia nursery. The only measurable disease losses were caused by a nematode, Longidorus americanus, at the southern Georgia nursery. Soil-borne population densities of Pythium and Fusarium spp. did not significantly differ between methyl bromide and the other fumigant treatments at any nursery. Chloropicrin controlled nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) in the loamy sand soils at the southern Georgia nursery, but there were no differences between the control and the fumigant treatments at the Alabama nursery, and nutsedge was rarely found at the northern Georgia nursery. The herbicide EPTC had no effect on nutsedge when compared to the controls at all nurseries and the effects of the bacterial seed treatment were inconsistent among the nurseries. Chloropicrin and metam sodium/chloropicrin can be effective alternatives to methyl bromide for reducing soil-borne fungi and nematodes, but the effectiveness of chloropicrin for nutsedge control may be affected by soil type. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Cram, MM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcram@fs.fed.us; enebasa@auburn.edu; sfraedrich@fs.fed.us; ldwinell@fs.fed.us; szarnoch@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136OL UT WOS:000244233900008 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, LG Weber, AM Menard, RD Jones, JP Hess, NJ AF Eckhardt, Lori G. Weber, Ann M. Menard, Roger D. Jones, John P. Hess, Nolan J. TI Insect-fungal complex associated with loblolly pine decline in central Alabama SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; forest decline; Leptographium; root disease; weevils ID VERTICICLADIELLA-PROCERA; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; BARK BEETLES; ROOT DISEASE; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEPTOGRAPHIUM; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; WAGENERI; PATHOGENICITY AB Loblolly pine decline, characterized by an expanding area of declining and dead trees, is becoming increasingly prevalent in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests in central Alabama. A 3-year study was conducted to determine the fungal, root, and lower stem-infesting insect, and/or soil parameters associated with this decline. Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, Pachylobius picivorus, and Hylobius pales were significantly more abundant in declining plots than in asymptomatic plots. Root- and lower stem-infesting insects consistently carried Leptographium terebrantis, L. procerum, and L. serpens. Sampled roots had high levels of root damage, mortality, and staining typically associated with Leptographium species. Root damage and mortality preceded aboveground symptoms of short chlorotic needles, sparse crowns, reduced radial growth, and tree mortality. A sequence of biotic and abiotic factors is proposed as the cause of loblolly pine decline complex. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Eckhardt, LG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM eckhalg@auburn.edu; AnnWeber64@hotmail.com; rmenard@fs.fed.us; jpjones@agcenter.lsu.edu; nhess@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 136OL UT WOS:000244233900009 ER PT J AU Travers, SE Smith, MD Bai, JF Hulbert, SH Leach, JE Schnable, PS Knapp, AK Milliken, GA Fay, PA Saleh, A Garrett, KA AF Travers, Steven E. Smith, Melinda D. Bai, Jianfa Hulbert, Scot H. Leach, Jan E. Schnable, Patrick S. Knapp, Alan K. Milliken, George A. Fay, Philip A. Saleh, Amgad Garrett, Karen A. TI Ecological genomics: making the leap from model systems in the lab to native populations in the field SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROARRAY; CHALLENGES; GRASSES; STRESS; MAIZE AB Recent reviews have emphasized the need to incorporate genomics into ecological field studies to further understand how species respond to changing environmental conditions. Genomic tools, such as cDNA (complementary DNA) microarrays, allow for the simultaneous analysis of gene expression of thousands of genes from all or part of an organism's genome (the transcription profile), thereby revealing the genetic mechanisms that underlie species' responses to environmental change. However, despite their potential, two major limitations have hindered the incorporation of microarrays and other genomic tools into field studies: (1) the limited availability of microarrays for ecologically relevant, non-model species and limited financial resources for developing new microarrays; and (2) concern that high sensitivity of gene expression to even subtle alterations in environmental conditions will hinder detection of relevant changes in field measures of transcription profiles. Here, we show that with cross-species hybridizations of microarrays developed for a closely related model organism, an appropriate experimental design, and sufficient replication, transcriptional profiling can successfully be incorporated into field studies. In this way, relevant changes in gene expression with changing environmental conditions can be detected. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Travers, SE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgarrett@ksu.edu RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI Saleh, Amgad/0000-0002-2354-0144; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[19:EGMTLF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133VP UT WOS:000244042300020 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Dugas, WA Mielnick, PC Johnson, HB AF Polley, H. W. Dugas, W. A. Mielnick, P. C. Johnson, H. B. TI C-3-C-4 composition and prior carbon dioxide treatment regulate the response of grassland carbon and water fluxes to carbon dioxide SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; CO2 enrichment; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; subambient CO2 ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C-3/C-4 GRASSLAND; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SUBAMBIENT; ACCLIMATION; ECOSYSTEM; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENRICHMENT; WETLAND AB 1. Plants usually respond to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment by increasing photosynthesis and reducing transpiration, but these initial responses to CO2 may not be sustained. 2. During May, July and October 2000, we measured the effects of temporarily increasing or decreasing CO2 concentration by 150-200 mu mol mol(-1) on daytime net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and water flux (evapotranspiration, ET) of C-3-C-4 grassland in central Texas, USA that had been exposed for three growing seasons to a CO2 gradient from 200 to 560 mu mol mol(-1). Grassland grown at subambient CO2 (< 365 mu mol mol(-1)) was exposed for 2 days to an elevated CO2 gradient (> 365 mu mol mol(-1)). Grassland grown at elevated CO2 was exposed for 2 days to a subambient gradient. Our objective was to determine whether growth CO2 affected the amount by which grassland NEE and ET responded to CO2 switching (sensitivity to CO2). 3. The NEE per unit of leaf area was greater (16-20%) and ET was smaller (9-20%), on average, at the higher CO2 concentration during CO2 switching in May and July. The amount by which NEE increased at the higher CO2 level was smaller at elevated than subambient growth concentrations on both dates, but relationships between NEE response and growth CO2 were weak. Conversely, the effect of temporary CO2 change on ET did not depend on growth CO2. 4. The ratio of NEE at high CO2 to NEE at low CO2 during CO2 change in July increased from 1.0 to 1.26 as the contribution of C-3 cover to total cover increased from 26% to 96%. Conversely, in May, temporary CO2 enrichment reduced ET more in C-4- than C-3-dominated grassland. 5. For this mesic grassland, sensitivity of NEE and ET to brief change in CO2 depended as much on the C-3-C-4 composition of vegetation as on physiological adjustments related to prior CO2 exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01213.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124ZV UT WOS:000243412200002 ER PT J AU Kersten, P Cullen, D AF Kersten, Phil Cullen, Dan TI Extracellular oxidative systems of the lignin-degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Phanerochaete chrysosporium; oxidases; copper radical oxidases; multicopper oxidases ID WHITE-ROT BASIDIOMYCETE; PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY; ENCODING CELLOBIOSE DEHYDROGENASE; MANGANESE-DEPENDENT PEROXIDASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ARYL-ALCOHOL OXIDASE; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; PLEUROTUS-ERYNGII; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB The US Department of Energy has assembled a high quality draft genome of Phanerochaele chrysosporium, a white rot Basidiomycete capable of completely degrading all major components of plant cell walls including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Hundreds of sequences are predicted to encode extracellular enzymes including an impressive number of oxidative enzymes potentially involved in lignocellulose degradation. Herein, we summarize the number, organization, and expression of genes encoding peroxidases, copper radical oxidases, FAD-dependent oxidases, and multicopper oxidases. Possibly relevant to extracellular oxidative systems are genes involved in posttranslational processes and a large number of hypothetical proteins. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 152 TC 160 Z9 171 U1 9 U2 66 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.07.007 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 127EM UT WOS:000243568100001 PM 16971147 ER PT J AU Guo, CY Lunetta, KL DeStefano, AL Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA AF Guo, Chao-Yu Lunetta, Kathryn L. DeStefano, Anita L. Ordovas, Jose M. Cupples, L. Adrienne TI Informative-transmission disequilibrium test (i-TDT): Combined linkage and association mapping that includes unaffected offspring as well as affected offspring SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TDT; multiple affecteds; unaffected siblings; nuclear families; linkage; association; APOE; cholesterol ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; FAMILY-BASED TESTS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; SIBSHIP TEST; FRAMINGHAM; AGE; DISEASE; DESIGN AB To date, there is no test valid for the composite null hypothesis of no linkage or no association that utilizes transmission information from heterozygous parents to their unaffected offspring as well as the affected offspring from ascertained nuclear families. Since the unaffected siblings also provide information about linkage and association, we introduce a new strategy called the informative-transmission disequilibrium test (i-TDT), which uses transmission information from heterozygous parents to all of the affected and unaffected offspring in ascertained nuclear families and provides a valid ch-isquare test for both linkage and association. The i-TDT can be used in various study designs and can accommodate all types of independent nuclear families with at least one affected offspring. We show that the transmission/ disequilibrium test (TDT) (Spielman et al. [1993] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 52:506-516) is a special case of the i-TDT, if the study sample contains only case-parent trios. If the sample contains only affected and unaffected offspring without parental genotypes, the i-TDT is equivalent to the sibship disequilibrium test (SDT) (Horvath and Laird [1998] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1886-1897. In addition, the test statistic of i-TDT is simple, explicit and can be implemented easily without intensive computing. Through computer simulations, we demonstrate that power of the i-TDT can be higher in many circumstances compared to a method that uses affected offspring only. Applying the i-TDT to the Framingham Heart Study data, we found that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is significantly linked and associated with cross-sectional measures and longitudinal changes in total cholesterol. Genet. Epidemiol. 31:115-133, 2007. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Boston Univ, Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI, Dept Math & Stat,Stat & Consulting Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Guo, CY (reprint author), Boston Univ, Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI, Dept Math & Stat,Stat & Consulting Unit, 111 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM chaoyu@bu.edu OI Lunetta, Kathryn/0000-0002-9268-810X; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195] NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 115 EP 133 DI 10.1002/gepi.20195 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 127FK UT WOS:000243570500003 PM 17123304 ER PT J AU Chung, SM Gordon, VS Staub, JE AF Chung, Sang-Min Gordon, Vanessa S. Staub, Jack E. TI Sequencing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) chloroplast genomes identifies differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cucumber lines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE consensus primer; low temperature; maternal inheritance; abiotic stress ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE ORGANIZATION; CONSENSUS PRIMERS; COLD TOLERANCE; PLASTID DNA; INHERITANCE; RICE; GERMINATION; DIVERGENCE; TRANSCRIPT AB Chilling injury in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is conditioned by maternal factors, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome could lead to the identification of economically important candidate genes. Complete sequencing of cucumber chloroplast (cp)DNA was facilitated by the development of 414 consensus chloroplast sequencing primers (CCSPs) from conserved cpDNA sequences of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cpDNAs, using degenerative primer technologies. Genomic sequence analysis led to the construction of 301 CCSPs and 72 cucumber chloroplast-specific sequencing primers (CSSPs), which were used for the complete sequencing of cpDNA of Gy14 (155 525 bp) and 'Chipper' (155 524 bp) Cucumber lines, which are, respectively, susceptible and tolerant to chilling injury (4 degrees C for 5.5 h) in the first leaf stage. Comparative cpDNA sequence analyses revealed that I sequence span (located between genes trnK and rps16) and 2 nucleotides (located in genes atpB and ycf1) differed between chilling-susceptible and -tolerant lines. These sequence differences correspond to previously reported maternally inherited differences in chilling response between reciprocal F-1 progeny derived from these lines. Sequence differences at these 3 cpDNA sites were also detected in a genetically diverse array of cucumber germplasm with different chilling responses. These and previously reported results suggest that I or several of these sequences could be responsible for the observed response to chilling injury in cucumber. The comprehensive sequencing of cpDNA of cucumber by CCSPs and CSSPs indicates that these primers have immediate applications in the analysis of cpDNAs from other dicotyledonous species and the investigation of evolutionary relationships. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Dongguk Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. RP Chung, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM smchung@dongguk.edu OI Gordon, Vanessa S/0000-0001-6490-6985 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1139/G07-003 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 174RS UT WOS:000246961100011 PM 17546086 ER PT J AU Islam-Faridi, MN Nelson, CD Kubisiak, TL AF Islam-Faridi, M. Nurul Nelson, C. Dana Kubisiak, Thomas L. TI Reference karyotype and cytomolecular map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE FISH; loblolly pine; 18S-28S rDNA; A-type TRS; reference karyotype; cytomolecular map; dichotomous key; TRS/18-28S bins ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENUS PINUS; GENOME SIZE; GENETIC-MAP; CONSTRUCTION; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; MARKERS; DNA; HETEROCHROMATIN AB A reference karyotype is presented for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L., subgenus Pinus, section Pinus, subsection Australes), based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), using 18S-28S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and an Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequence (A-type TRS). Well separated somatic chromosomes were prepared from colchicine-treated root meristems, using an enzymatic digestion technique. Statistical analyses performed on chromosome-arm lengths, centromeric indices, and interstitial rDNA and telomeric positions were based on observations from 6 well-separated metaphase cells from each of 3 unrelated trees. Statistically, 7 of the 12 loblolly pine chromosomes could be distinguished by their relative lengths. Centromeric indices were unable to distinguish additional chromosomes. However, the position and relative strength of the rDNA and telomeric sites made it possible to uniquely identify all of the chromosomes, providing a reference karyotype for use in comparative genome analyses. A dichotomous key was developed to aid in the identification of loblolly pine chromosomes and their comparison to chromosomes of other Pinus spp. A cytomolecular map was developed using the interstitial 18S-28S rDNA and A-type TRS signals. A total of 54 bins were assigned, ranging from 3 to 5 bins per chromosome. This is the first report of a chromosome-anchored physical map for a conifer that includes a dichotomous key for accurate and consistent identification of the P. taeda chromosomes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Forest Tree Mol Cytogenet Lab, So Inst Forest Genet, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, USDA,Harrison Expt Forest, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Islam-Faridi, MN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Forest Tree Mol Cytogenet Lab, So Inst Forest Genet, 2585 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM nfaridi@tamu.edu NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1139/G06-153 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 174RS UT WOS:000246961100014 PM 17546089 ER PT J AU Reneau, SL Katzman, D Kuyumjian, GA Lavine, A Malmon, DV AF Reneau, Steven L. Katzman, Danny Kuyumjian, Gregory A. Lavine, Alexis Malmon, Daniel V. TI Sediment delivery after a wildfire SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment load; sedimentation rates; erosion rates; fires; cesium; New Mexico ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DEBRIS-FLOW; FIRE AB We use a record of sedimentation in a small reservoir within the Cerro Grande burn area, New Mexico, to document postfire delivery of ash, other fine-grained sediment carried in suspension within floods, and coarse-grained sediment transported as bedload over a five-year period. Ash content of sediment layers is estimated using fallout Cs-137 as a tracer, and ash concentrations are shown to rapidly decrease through a series of moderate-intensity convective storms in the first rainy season after the fire. Over 90% of the ash was delivered to the reservoir in the first year, and ash concentrations in suspended sediment were negligible after the second year. Delivery of the remainder of the fine sediment also declined rapidly after the first year despite the occurrence of higher-intensity storms in the second year. Fine sediment loads after five years remained significantly above prefire averages. Deposition of coarse-grained sediment was irregular in time and was associated with transport by snowmelt runoff of sediment stored along the upstream channel during short-duration summer floods. Coarse sediment delivery in the first four years was strongly correlated with snowmelt volume, suggesting a transport-limited system with abundant available sediment. Transport rates of coarse sediment declined in the fifth year, consistent with a transition to a more stable channel as the accessible sediment supply was depleted and the channel bed coarsened. Maximum impacts from ash and other fine-grained sediment therefore occurred soon after the fire, whereas the downstream impacts from coarse-grained sediment were attenuated by the more gradual process of bedload sediment transport. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Water Stewardship Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reneau, SL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1130/G23288A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 132NC UT WOS:000243948500015 ER PT J AU Jin, VL Evans, RD AF Jin, V. L. Evans, R. D. TI Elevated CO2 increases microbial carbon substrate use and nitrogen cycling in Mojave Desert soils SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; CO2; Mojave Desert; N cycling; soil microbes ID SOURCE UTILIZATION PROFILES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; LITTER QUALITY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; N-MINERALIZATION; FACE FACILITY; FINE ROOTS; ECOSYSTEM; DIOXIDE AB Identifying soil microbial responses to anthropogenically driven environmental changes is critically important as concerns intensify over the potential degradation of ecosystem function. We assessed the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in Mojave Desert soils using extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs), and gross N transformation rates. Soils were collected from unvegetated interspaces between plants and under the dominant shrub (Larrea tridentata) during the 2004-2005 growing season, an above-average rainfall year. Because most measured variables responded strongly to soil water availability, all significant effects of soil water content were used as covariates to remove potential confounding effects of water availability on microbial responses to experimental treatment effects of cover type, CO2, and sampling date. Microbial C and N activities were lower in interspace soils compared with soils under Larrea, and responses to date and CO2 treatments were cover specific. Over the growing season, EEAs involved in cellulose (cellobiohydrolase) and orthophosphate (alkaline phosphatase) degradation decreased under ambient CO2, but increased under elevated CO2. Microbial C use and substrate use diversity in CLPPs decreased over time, and elevated CO2 positively affected both. Elevated CO2 also altered microbial C use patterns, suggesting changes in the quantity and/or quality of soil C inputs. In contrast, microbial biomass N was higher in interspace soils than soils under Larrea, and was lower in soils exposed to elevated CO2. Gross rates of NH4+ transformations increased over the growing season, and late-season NH4+ fluxes were negatively affected by elevated CO2. Gross NO3- fluxes decreased over time, with early season interspace soils positively affected by elevated CO2. General increases in microbial activities under elevated CO2 are likely attributable to greater microbial biomass in interspace soils, and to increased microbial turnover rates and/or metabolic levels rather than pool size in soils under Larrea. Because soil water content and plant cover type dominates microbial C and N responses to CO2, the ability of desert landscapes to mitigate or intensify the impacts of global change will ultimately depend on how changes in precipitation and increasing atmospheric CO2 shift the spatial distribution of Mojave Desert plant communities. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jin, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM vjin@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 452 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01308.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HJ UT WOS:000244003700010 ER PT J AU Sempertegui, F Diaz, M Mejia, R Rodriguez-Mora, OG Renteria, E Guarderas, C Estrella, B Recalde, R Hamer, DH Reeves, PG AF Sempertegui, Fernando Diaz, Myriam Mejia, Ricardo Rodriguez-Mora, Oswaldo G. Renteria, Edgar Guarderas, Carlos Estrella, Bertha Recalde, Ramiro Hamer, Davidson H. Reeves, Philip G. TI Low concentrations of zinc in gastric mucosa are associated with increased severity of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation SO HELICOBACTER LA English DT Article DE zinc; Helicobacter pylori; gastritis ID OXYGEN METABOLITE PRODUCTION; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; NF-KAPPA-B; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES; ECUADORIAN CHILDREN; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; INFECTION; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN; POLAPREZINC AB Background Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori induces oxidative stress while zinc deficiency results in increased sensitivity to it. In Ecuador, the prevalence of gastric cancer and zinc deficiency are high. We hypothesized that zinc deficiency in Ecuadorian people would cause increased H. pylori-induced inflammation in the gastric mucosa associated with lower tissue zinc concentrations. Methods Three hundred and fifty-two patients with dyspepsia underwent endoscopy to obtain gastric mucosa biopsies. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection and its severity, histopathology, mucosal zinc concentration, and inflammation intensity were determined. Results H. pylori-infected patients with non-atrophic chronic gastritis had lower concentrations of zinc in gastric mucosa than uninfected patients with the same type of gastritis (251.3 +/- 225.3 vs. 426.2 +/- 279.9 ng/mg of protein; p = .016). Considering all patients, the more severe the H. pylori infection, the higher the percentage of subjects with infiltration by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (p = .0001). Patients with high PMN infiltration had lower mucosal zinc concentrations than patients with low PMN infiltration (35.2 +/- 20.7 vs. 242.9 +/- 191.8 ng/mg of protein; p = .021). Conclusions The degree of inflammation in H. pylori-induced gastritis appears to be modulated by gastric tissue zinc concentrations. C1 Corp Ecuatoriana Biotecnol, Quito, Ecuador. Hosp Pablo Arturo Suarez, Quito, Ecuador. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Sempertegui, F (reprint author), Corp Ecuatoriana Biotecnol, Avenida Colon 1468,Edificio Solamar,Oficina 508, Quito, Ecuador. EM fersempert@andinanet.net NR 38 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1083-4389 J9 HELICOBACTER JI Helicobacter PD FEB PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA 126IQ UT WOS:000243507000006 PM 17241300 ER PT J AU Burrows, ME Caillaud, MC Smith, DM Gray, SM AF Burrows, M. E. Caillaud, M. C. Smith, D. M. Gray, S. M. TI Biometrical genetic analysis of luteovirus transmission in the aphid Schizaphis graminum SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE virus transmission; aphid genetics; greenbug; luteovirus; Barley yellow dwarf virus; Cereal yellow dwarf virus ID YELLOW-DWARF VIRUS; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; BYDV-PAV TRANSMISSION; POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SITOBION-AVENAE; PEA APHID; WING POLYMORPHISM; CIRCULATIVE TRANSMISSION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB The aphid Schizaphis graminum is an important vector of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease. We studied the genetic architecture of virus transmission by crossing a vector and a non-vector genotype of S. graminum. F1 and F2 hybrids were generated, and a modified line-cross biometrical analysis was performed on transmission phenotype of two of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf: Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)-RPV and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-SGV. Our aims were to (1) determine to what extent differences in transmission ability between vectors and non-vectors is due to net additive or non-additive gene action, (2) estimate the number of loci that determine transmission ability and (3) examine the nature of genetic correlations between transmission of CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV. Only additive effects contributed significantly to divergence in transmission of both CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV. For each luteovirus, Castle -Wright's estimator for the number of effective factors segregating for transmission phenotype was less than one. Transmission of CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV was significantly correlated in the F2 generation, suggesting that there is a partial genetic overlap for transmission of these luteoviruses. Yet, 63% of the F2 genotypes transmitted CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV at significantly different rates. Our data suggest that in S. graminum, the transmission efficiency of both CYDV-RPV and BYDV-SGV is regulated by a major gene or set of tightly linked genes, and the transmission efficiency of each virus is influenced by a unique set of minor genes. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800909 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 129LD UT WOS:000243730100009 PM 17021612 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE AF Buehlmann, Urs Thomas, R. Edward TI Relationship between lumber yield and board marker accuracy in rip-first rough mills SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Lumber used for the production of wood products such as furniture, kitchen cabinets and interior elements, contains unacceptable character marks such as holes, rot, knots, etc. Today, the majority of the wood processing industry uses humans to identify such unusable areas and to mark them with fluorescent crayons. Automated saws scan for these marks and computers optimize the available clear areas and activate automated chop saws to make the cuts. However, if these fluorescent marks delineating the character are not made accurately (i.e., too far away or inside the characteristic), yield suffers. An earlier study found that yield losses incurred due to inaccurate marking are above 15 percent absolute lumber yield. However, no data was available regarding the influence of improved marker accuracy on yield. Large yield improvements can be achieved if marker accuracy is improved only marginally. In fact, if marker accuracy was improved by 25 percent, the yield of usable parts increased by 5.3 percent. Since an average-sized rough mill typically saves several hundred thousands of dollars for each one percent yield increase, the potential cost savings from improved human marking accuracy are significant. C1 Enkeboll Designs, Carson, CA 90746 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Enkeboll Designs, 16506 Avalon Blvd, Carson, CA 90746 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s00107-006-0099-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 133PY UT WOS:000244026000007 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Baldwin, E Perkins, B Bushway, R Guthrie, K AF Jarret, Robert L. Baldwin, Elizabeth Perkins, Brian Bushway, Rod Guthrie, Kelly TI Diversity of fruit quality characteristics in Capsicum frutescens SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant germplasm; fruit morphology; organic acids; pungency; reducing sugars; Tabasco ID C-CHINENSE; CAPSAICINOIDS; PEPPERS; MATURATION; GERMPLASM; PUNGENCY; FLAVOR AB Fruit of 40 genotypes of Capsicum frutescens L. from the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Capsicum germplasm collection were analyzed for a variety of fruit quality parameters, including fruit size, weight, and concentrations of capsaicinoids, sucrose, glucose, fructose, malic acid, and total acid equivalents. Fruit weight ranged from 0.23 g fresh weight to 4.04 g fresh weight (average 1.05g). Fruit length/width ranged from 1 to 8.0 (average, 3.61). Capsaicin concentrations ranged from 34 to 350 mg center dot 100 g(-1) fresh weight (average, 135 mg center dot 100 g(-1) fresh weight). Sucrose concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 1.0 g center dot 100 g(-1) (average, 0.6 g center dot 100 g(-1) fresh weight). Total sugar extracts ranged from 0.73% to 2.6% (average, 1.55%). Malic acid concentrations and total acid equivalents ranged from 0.62 to 2.29 g center dot 100 g(-1) fresh weight (average, 2.07 g center dot 100 g(-1) fresh weight) and 0.97 to 3.31 g center dot 100 g(-1) (average, 1.87 g center dot 100 g(-1)) respectively. These data demonstrate an approximate 4 to 14-fold range in values for the characteristics examined, suggesting the presence of sufficient variability for these traits within this species to support the development of germplasm enhanced for specific or multiple fruit quality attributes. C1 USDA, ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30224 USA. USDA, ARS, CSPL, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30224 USA. EM bjarret@ars-grin.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100003 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Sun, ZY Chung, SM Lower, RL AF Staub, Jack E. Sun, Zhanyong Chung, Sang-Min Lower, Richard L. TI Evidence for colinearity among genetic linkage maps in cucumber SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE linkage analysis; linkage map colinearity; anchor markers; F-2 : 3 design; linkage group comparison; microsynteny ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SATIVUS-L.; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; QTL ANALYSIS; PARTHENOCARPY; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; ISOZYME AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus; 2n = 2x = 14), has a narrow genetic base (3% to 8% polymorphism). Nevertheless, several genetic maps exist for this species. It is important to know the degree of colinearity among these maps. Thus, the positions of random amplified polymorphic DNAs, sequenced characterized amplified regions, simple sequence repeat, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were compared in four maps. A previously unreported map was constructed in a narrow cross (processing line 2A x Gy8; C. s. var. sativus; approximate to 7% polymorphism) and compared with the three published maps [two narrow-based (processing type; C. s. var. sativus; 8% to 12% polymorphism) and a broad-based (C. s. var. sativus x C. s. var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. approximate to 12%)]. Common makers were identified in seven linkage groups, providing evidence for microsynteny. These common markers were used as anchor markers for map position comparisons of yield component quantitative trait loci. The relative order of anchor markers in each of six linkage groups (linkage groups 1, 2, and 4-7) that had two or more anchor markers within each group was colinear, and instances of microsynteny were detected. Commonalities in the position of some yield component quantitative trait loci exist in linkage groups I and 4 of the maps examined, and the general synteny among these maps indicates that identification and mapping of additional anchor markers would lead to successful map merging to increase cucumber map saturation for use in cucumber breeding. C1 USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100004 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Ryder, EJ AF Hayes, Ryan J. Ryder, Edward J. TI Introgression of novel alleles for partial resistance to big vein disease from Lactuca virosa into cultivated lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lactuca sativa; Lactuca virosa; breeding; Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) PA Dang; Mirafiori Lettuce Big Vein Virus; Lettuce Big Vein-associated Virus ID OLPIDIUM-BRASSICAE; BREEDING LINES; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; HYBRIDIZATION; TEMPERATURE; SYMPTOMS; SATIVA; AGENT; CROPS AB Big vein is an economically damaging disease of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.) incited by Mirafiori lettuce big vein virus, which is vectored by the soil-borne fungus Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) P.A. Dang. Resistance to this disease is needed because no feasible cultural control methods have been identified. Partial resistance is available within cultivated lettuce and is expressed as delayed appearance of symptoms in combination with a reduced percentage of symptomatic plants. Complete resistance has been identified only in accessions of L. virosa L., an incongruent wild relative of lettuce. Resistance from L. virosa has not been introgressed into lettuce. The objective of this research was to determine whether big vein resistance from L. virosa can be introgressed into lettuce. Progenies of backcross (BC) hybrids between L. virosa and L. saliva cultivars were greenhouse tested for big vein resistance over four generations of self-pollination. Selected plants from resistant BC families were used as parents to create BC2 progeny from crosses with high partial-resistant cultivars, intermediate partial-resistant cultivars, and susceptible cultivars to test for the presence of transgressive segregants. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse by infecting seedlings with O. brassicae zoospores collected from big vein symptomatic plants. Plots were evaluated for area under the disease progress curve and the percentage of symptomatic plants; asymptomatic plants from resistant families were retained in every generation. Complete resistance to big vein was not recovered, and may be the result of insufficient sampling of BCF2 progeny or linkage between resistance alleles and alleles causing incongruity. Variation for partial resistance was observed in all BC generations, and transgressive segregants were identified among BC2 families from crosses using partially resistant and susceptible parents. This research suggests that L. virosa contains alleles that confer partial resistance to big vein when introgressed into an L. saliva background, and these alleles are distinct from those present in partially resistant lettuce cultivars. Alternative breeding strategies should be pursued to introgress complete resistance from L. virosa into cultivated lettuce. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rhayes@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100007 ER PT J AU Mccoy, JA Davis, JM Camper, ND Khan, I Bharathi, A AF McCoy, Joe-Ann Davis, Jeanine M. Camper, N. Dwight Khan, Ikhlas Bharathi, Avula TI Influence of rhizome propagule size on yields and triterpene glycoside concentrations of black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L. syn Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nuttal] SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE propagation; rhizome divisions; habitat; actein; deoxyactein; cimiracemoside ID SOIL AB Black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L. syn. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nuttal] is a native North American medicinal plant traditionally harvested for its rhizomes and roots. Black cohosh products were listed in the top 10 selling herbal supplements from 2002 to 2005. As a result of increasing commercial demand, there is a need to develop propagation protocols suitable for production purposes to replace current methods of harvesting from wild populations. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine optimal rhizome propagule division size for successful regeneration, 2) analyze triterpene glycoside concentrations, 3) quantify survival rates after 3 years of production, and 4) evaluate net yield results. Experimental sites included a shade cloth structure in an agricultural research field, a shaded forest interior, and a shaded, disturbed forest edge. Plant emergence, growth, and survival were assessed at each site over a 3-year period. Optimal rhizome division size for propagation was a 10 to 30-g section originating from terminal rhizome portions. Rhizome survival averaged 97% among all treatments tested by year 3 at three sites. No differences in mean triterpene glycoside concentrations were detected between rhizome size classes or sites tested. Mean cimiracemoside concentrations ranged from 0.80 to 1.39 mg center dot g(-1) d/w tissue, deoxyactein 0.47 to 0.92 mg center dot g(-1), and actein 10.41 to 13.69 mg center dot g(-1). No differences in triterpene levels were detected between flowering and nonflowering plants, nor were yields reduced. Net yields from a shade cloth production site were 9 and 17 times higher than a disturbed forest edge and forest site respectively. Black cohosh is a strong candidate for commercial propagation under adequate site selection. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, Fletcher, NC USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Oxford, MS USA. RP Mccoy, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. EM joemccoy@iastate.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100012 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Puterka, GJ AF Glenn, D. Michael Puterka, G. J. TI The use of plastic films and sprayable reflective particle films to increase light penetration in apple canopies and improve apple color and weight SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica; kaolin; 'Empire'; hue angle; reflective mulch red/far-red ratio ID FAR-RED LIGHT; SKIN COLORATION; FRUIT-QUALITY; YIELD; MULCH; LEAVES; MATURITY; ETHYLENE; TOMATO; GROWTH AB The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of a reflective, aluminized plastic film (APF), a reflective, particle-based film applied to the tree (PFT), a reflective, particle film applied to the west side of the tree (PFW), or a particle-based reflective film applied to the grass between tree rows (RPF) on 'Empire' apple [Malus domestica (Borkh.)] color and fruit weight in a multiyear study. The APF treatment consistently increased red color and was the only treatment to increase fruit red color from the lower portion of the west side of the tree. The PFT, PFW, and RPF treatments inconsistently improved apple red color. The APF treatment reflected approximate to 6 times the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as the RPF and reflected different red/far-red light ratios (R/FR). In all years, average fruit weight was increased by the RPF, PFT, and PFW treatments compared with the untreated control and APF treatment. The mechanism responsible for the increased fruit weight may be the altered light quality, not quantity, reflected from the RPF treatments. The reflected light has enhanced far-red radiation, which may have beneficial effects on both fruit color and fruit weight. The effect of enhanced far-red radiation on increased fruit weight may be a phytochrome-mediated process affecting dry matter partitioning. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100019 ER PT J AU McCollum, G Maul, P AF McCollum, Greg Maul, Pilar TI 1-Methylcyclopropene inhibits degreening but stimulates respiration and ethylene biosynthesis in grapefruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi; 1-MCP; color ID CITRUS-UNSHIU MARC; NONCLIMACTERIC FRUIT; GENE-EXPRESSION; PEEL; ORANGE; CHLOROPHYLLASE; POSTHARVEST; MATURATION; GIBBERELLIN-A3; INVOLVEMENT AB We determined the effects of I-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene on color change and CO(2) and ethylene production in grapefruit. Treatment with 1-MCP at concentrations equal to or greater than 75 nL(.)L(-1) inhibited ethylene-induced degreening, but increasing 1-MCP concentrations greater than 150 nL(.)L(-1) did not cause additional inhibition of degreening. Although ethylene-induced degreening was inhibited by 1-MCP, the effect was transient. Treating grapefruit with 15 to 75 nL(.)L(-1) 1-MCP resulted in a slight suppression Of CO(2) production, whereas treatment with 150 or 300 nL(.)L(-1) 1-MCP resulted in rates Of CO(2) production significantly higher than nontreated fruit. 1-MCP treatment also caused a very pronounced increase in the rate Of C(2)H(4) production that was both dose- and time-dependent. The effects of 1-MCP on respiration and ethylene evolution were reduced if fruit was subsequently exposed to ethylene. Fruit treated with 1-MCP alone had the highest rates Of CO(2) production, fruit treated with ethylene after 1-MCP or ethylene alone had intermediate rates Of CO(2) production, and control fruit had the lowest rate Of CO(2) production. Rates Of C2H4 evolution were approximate to 200 nL(.)kg(-1.)h(-1) from control and C(2)H(4)-treated fruit compared with approximate to 10,000 nL(.)kg(-1.)h(-1) from 1-MCP-treated fruit; fruit treated with ethylene after 1-MCP had ethylene production rates of approximate to 400 nL(.)kg(-1.)h(-1). Our results lend further support for a regulatory role for ethylene in degreening of citrus and suggest that endogenous levels of ethylene regulate ethylene production. C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP McCollum, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM gmccollum@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100025 ER PT J AU Monzon, ME Biasi, B Mitcham, EJ Wang, SJ Tang, J Hallman, G AF Monzon, Maria E. Biasi, Bill Mitcham, Elizabeth J. Wang, Shaojin Tang, Juming Hallman, Guy TI Effect of radiofrequency heating on the quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon fruit as a treatment for control of the Mexican fruit fly SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; commodity treatment; Diospyros kaki; heat; phytosanitary; quarantine ID CHILLING INJURY; INSECT DISINFESTATION; RADIO-FREQUENCY; TEPHRITIDAE; REDUCTION; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES; DIPTERA; STORAGE AB The external and internal quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) was evaluated after heating with radiofrequency (RF) energy to 48, 50, or 52 degrees C, holding at the target temperatures for durations ranging from 0.5 to 18 minutes, hydrocooling, and ripening at 20 degrees C for 12 days. These treatment conditions were identified for control of third instar Mexican fruit fly larvae (Anastrepha ludens). The treatments had no commercially significant effect on firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, or weight loss of the fruit. RF-treated persimmon fruit attained a deeper orange-red skin color than control fruit. There was a greater incidence of slight to moderate flesh browning in fruit heated to 50 and 52 degrees C as compared with 48 degrees C. Calyx browning increased slightly in all RF-treated fruit and was the highest in the longer treatments at each temperature. Heating persimmon fruit with RF to 48 degrees C and then holding for 6 or 12 minutes showed the least damage, and the latter treatment was longer than should be required for a quarantine treatment against the third instar Mexican fruit fly. Holding persimmons for 6.6 minutes at 48 degrees C should provide control of the Mexican fruit fly and maintain fruit quality. Confirmation tests with infested fruit should be conducted. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mitcham, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, MS2,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ejmitcham@ucdavis.edu RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100026 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, Marisa M. TI Postharvest quality and ripening of dwarf Brazilian bananas (Musa sp.) after X-ray irradiation quarantine treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tropical fruit; disinfestation ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; FRUIT; CULTIVARS; HAWAII; TEPHRITIDAE; RADIATION; DIPTERA AB Fruit quality and ripening of Dwarf Brazilian bananas (Musa sp., group AAB) were determined after x-ray irradiation for disinfestation of quarantine pests. The proximal and distal hands from winter- and summer-harvested bunches were treated with irradiation doses of 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 Gy, stored for 7 days at 14 degrees C, and ripened at 20 degrees C. Irradiation did not extend banana shelf life or affect soluble solids content, but titratable acidity decreased with increasing dose. Starch and total sugar concentrations were similar for control and irradiated fruit at all doses. However, sucrose contents decreased linearly as dose increased, whereas glucose and fructose concentrations increased, indicating an acceleration of sucrose hydrolysis in treated bananas. Irradiation retarded peel softening but not pulp softening for winter-harvested fruit and had a minimal effect on peel and pulp firmness of summer-harvested fruit. For irradiated fruit, the respiratory climacteric rates decreased relative to control fruit, but CO2 and ethylene production increased I day after irradiation stress. Proximal fruit (more mature) had higher respiration rates and produced more ethylene than distal fruit (less mature) after irradiation, but differences in physiological maturity between hands did not affect soluble solids, titratable acidity, starch, or total sugar content of ripe fruit. Bananas from distal hands treated with 800 Gy irradiation developed peel injury when harvested in either the winter or summer months. Summer-harvested fruit also were damaged at the 600-Gy dose for distal fruit only. Treatment of fruit from the proximal half of bunches at doses <= 600 Gy would ensure visual quality while providing quarantine security for Dwarf Brazilian bananas. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacif Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacif Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100027 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Finn, CE AF Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. Finn, Chad E. TI G-435 and ARS 96-138, pink-fruited blueberry selections SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fruit breeding; Vaccinium corymbosun; Vaccinium ashei; tetraploid; landscape AB G-435 and ARS 96-138 are two pink-fruited blueberry selections developed by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. G-435, a tetraploid, is predominantly Vaccinium corymbosum L. (highbush blueberry) with a mixture of other Vaccinium species germplasm in its ancestry. It has been evaluated in New Jersey and Michigan. ARS 96-138 is a hexaploid that is half V. ashei Reade (rabbiteye blueberry) and half synthetically derived, hexaploid, highbush-type germplasm. It has been evaluated in New Jersey and Oregon. ARS 96-138 was partially derived from a pink-fruited sibling of G-435; thus, the two selections are related, although they possess different ploidy levels. They are released as germplasm for further evaluation, breeding, and possible commercialization. They represent a novel fruit color in blueberry that is of interest to the landscape nursery business. C1 USDA ARS, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100037 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR AF Pooler, Margaret R. TI 'Dream Catcher' and 'First Lady' flowering cherry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Prunus cerasoides. Don var. campanulata (Maxim.) Koidz; Prunus campanulata Maxim; Prunus incisa Thunb; ornamental plant breeding; plant introduction C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 3501 New York Ave,NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM margaret.pooler@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 174 EP 175 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100038 ER PT J AU Kempler, C Daubeny, HA Harding, B Baumann, T Finn, CE Moore, PP Sweeney, M Walters, T AF Kempler, Chaim Daubeny, Hugh A. Harding, Brian Baumann, Tom Finn, Chad E. Moore, Patrick P. Sweeney, Mark Walters, Tom TI 'Saanich' red raspberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus idaeus; fruit breeding; fruit quality; yield; machine harvesting ID SELECTIONS; CULTIVARS C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacif Agrfood Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. Univ Coll Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, BC V2P 6T4, Canada. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. BC Minist Agr & Lands, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Kempler, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacif Agrfood Res Ctr, POB 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. EM kemplerc@agr.gc.ca RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 176 EP 178 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 132AC UT WOS:000243913100039 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. TI Influence of nonequilibrated water on microwave dielectric properties of wheat and related errors in moisture sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Cole-Cole plot; dielectric constant; dielectric properties; loss factor; microwaves; moisture content; water binding ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; BULK-DENSITY AB Dielectric properties of wheat samples, in which moisture equilibrium was upset by adding water, were tracked versus time in the frequency range between 5 and 15 GHz at room temperature (23 degrees C). The results show an initial drop in the dielectric constant and loss factor, which reflects the initial stages of water binding, followed by a plateau indicating the final binding level of the water molecules inside the wheat kernels. The complex-plane representation of the dielectric properties divided by bulk density at a given frequency compares well to that obtained for well equilibrated wheat samples over the same moisture range. With application of a density-independent calibration function, the apparent moisture content was predicted in each sample from measurement of the dielectric properties. For each wheat sample, the predicted initial moisture content was higher than the reference oven moisture content and decreased as time increased. The Cole-Cole diagram for each sample reveals a significant difference in the dielectric response at different times, illustrating the different stages of water binding. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1109/TIM.2006.887314 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 127IG UT WOS:000243578400027 ER PT J AU Min, S Evrendilek, GA Zhang, HQ AF Min, Seacheol Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir Zhang, Howard Q. TI Pulsed electric fields: Processing system, microbial and enzyme inhibition, and shelf life extension of foods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE enzyme inactivation; microbial inhibition; non-thermal process; pulsed electric field (PEF); shelf life ID PECTIN METHYL ESTERASE; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORANGE JUICE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INACTIVATION KINETICS; TOMATO JUICE; FRUIT JUICES; LISTERIA-INNOCUA; PILOT-PLANT AB Pulsed electric field (PEF) nonthermal food processing has been of growing interest owing to because of its excellent potential in providing consumers with microbiologically safe and fresh quality foods. Application of high-voltage electric fields at a certain level for a very short time by PEF not only inhibits pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms but also results in the retention of flavor, aroma, nutrients, and color of foods. This paper provides the most current information about PEF food processing. It reviews the systems for PEF processing and its effects on the inhibitions of microorganisms and enzymes and sensory and nutritional properties of foods. Regulatory issues of PEF processing are discussed as well. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-31040 Alahan, Hatay, Turkey. Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Min, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM scmin@ucdavis.edu NR 105 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 39 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.889290 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 136IT UT WOS:000244216500007 ER PT J AU Erazo, A Kutchukhidze, N Leung, M Christ, APG Urban, JF de Lafaille, MAC Lafaille, JJ AF Erazo, Agustin Kutchukhidze, Nino Leung, Monica Christ, Ana P. Guarnieri Urban, Joseph F., Jr. de Lafaille, Maria A. Curotto Lafaille, Juan J. TI Unique maturation program of the IgE response in vivo SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GERMINAL-CENTER FORMATION; CD4(+) T-CELLS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; B-CELLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; EPSILON TRANSCRIPTION; LYMPHOID-CELLS; GENE DELETION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; EXPRESSION AB A key event in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies is the production of IgE antibodies. We show here that IgE(+) cells were exceptional because they were largely found outside germinal centers and expressed, from very early on, a genetic program of plasma cells. In spite of their extragerminal center localization, IgE(+) cells showed signs of somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. We demonstrated that high-affinity IgE(+) cells could be generated through a unique differentiation program that involved two phases: a pre-IgE phase in which somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation take place in IgG1(+) cells, and a post-IgE-switching phase in which IgE cells differentiate swiftly into plasma cells. Our results have implications for the understanding of IgE memory responses in allergy. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Sackler Inst Grad Biomed Sci, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Immunol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP de Lafaille, MAC (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM curotto@saturn.med.nyu.edu; lafaille@saturn.med.nyu.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI045654] NR 47 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.12.006 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 142DE UT WOS:000244628600010 PM 17292640 ER PT J AU Loving, CL Brockmeier, SL Sacco, RE AF Loving, Crystal L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Sacco, Randy E. TI Differential type I interferon activation and susceptibility of dendritic cell populations to porcine arterivirus SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendritic cell; innate; porcine; respiratory; type I interferon ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; INNATE AB Dendritic cells (DCs) play a role in anti-viral immunity by providing early innate protection against viral replication and by presenting antigen to T cells for initiation of the adaptive immune response. Studies show the adaptive response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is ineffective for complete viral elimination. Other studies describe the kinetics of the adaptive response to PRRSV, but have not investigated the early response by DCs. We hypothesize that there is an aberrant activation of DCs early in PRRSV infection; consequently, the adaptive response is triggered inadequately. The current study characterized a subtype of porcine lung DCs (L-DCs) and investigated the ability of PRRSV to infect and replicate in L-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). Furthermore, the type I interferon anti-viral response to PRRSV with and without the addition of recombinant porcine IFN-alpha (rpIFN-alpha), an important cytokine that signals for anti-viral mediator activation, was analysed. Results show that PRRSV replicated in MDDCs but not L-DCs, providing evidence that these cells have followed distinct differentiation pathways. Although both cell types responded to PRRSV with an induction of IFN-beta mRNA, the magnitude and duration of the response differed between cell types. The addition of rpIFN-alpha was protective in MDDCs, and mRNA synthesis of Mx (myxovirus resistant) and PKR (double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase) was observed in both cell types after rpIFN-alpha addition. Overall, PRRSV replicated in MDDCs but not L-DCs, and rpIFN-alpha was required for the transcription of protective anti-viral mediators. DC response to PRRSV was limited to IFN-beta transcription, which may be inadequate in triggering the adaptive immune response. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02493.x PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 122PP UT WOS:000243239200008 PM 17116172 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Powell, AM Camp, M Ealy, AD AF Talbot, Neil C. Powell, Anne M. Camp, Mary Ealy, Alan D. TI Establishment of a bovine blastocyst-derived cell line collection for the comparative analysis of embryos created in vivo and by in vitro fertilization, somatic cell nuclear transfer, or parthenogenetic activation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE bovine; trophectoderm; endoderm; cell; culture; SCNT ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; CLONED MICE; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; PLACENTAL-LACTOGEN; IMPRINTED GENES; EARLY-PREGNANCY; INTERFERON-TAU; STEM-CELL; ES CELLS AB Tools and methods for analyzing differences in embryos resulting from somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) in comparison to those derived from normal fertilization are needed to define better the nature of the nuclear reprogramming that occurs after NT. To this end, a collection of bovine blastocyst-derived cell lines was created. In vitro expanded or hatched blastocysts, used as primary culture tissue, were from NT; in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture (IVF); or parthenogenetic (P) activation. Also, five in vivo-fertilized and developed blastocysts were collected by uterine flushing on the eighth d postfertilization. Whole blastocysts were physically attached to STO feeder layers to initiate all of the cell lines generated. The majority of the cell lines in the collection are trophectoderm, 38 NT-derived, 6 in vivo-derived, 20 IVF-derived, and 13 P-derived. Trophectoderm identity was ascertained by morphology and, in many cases, interferon-tau production. Several visceral endoderm cell lines and putative parietal endoderm cell lines were also established. At approximately 5% efficiency. epiblast masses from NT and IVF blastocysts survived and were isolated in culture. Two epiblast masses were also isolated from P blastocysts. Spontaneous differentiation from the epiblast outgrowths resulted in the establishment of fibroblast cell lines. The use of the trophectoderm cell lines as a comparative in vitro model of bovine trophectoderm and placental function is discussed in relation to NT reprogramming. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s11626-007-9013-9 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 158SK UT WOS:000245814600002 PM 17570020 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Blomberg, LA Mahmood, A Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM AF Talbot, Neil C. Blomberg, Le Ann Mahmood, Ayesha Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley M. TI Isolation and characterization of porcine visceral endoderm cell lines derived from in vivo 11-day blastocysts SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE cell; line; endoderm; pig; porcine; yolk-sac ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; CLONED BOVINE FETUSES; YOLK-SAC CARCINOMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PIG BLASTOCYST; DIFFERENTIATION; VITRO; MICE; RAT AB Two porcine cell lines of yolk-sac visceral endoderm, designated as PE-1 and PE-2, were derived from in vivo 11-d porcine blastocysts that were either ovoid (PE-1) or at the early tubular stage of elongation (PE-2). Primary and secondary culture of the cell lines was done on STO feeder cells. The PE-1 and PE-2 cells morphologically resembled visceral endoderm previously cultured from in vivo-derived ovine and equine blastocysts and from in vitro-derived bovine blastocysts. Analysis of the PE-1- and PE-2-conditioned medium by 2D-gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry demonstrated that they produced serum proteins. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the cells expressed several genes typical for yolk-sac endoderm differentiation and function including GATA-6, DAB-2, REX-1, HNF-1, transthyretin, alpha-fetoprotein, and albumin. Unlike a porcine liver cell line, the PE-1 and PE-2 cell lines had relatively low inducible P-450 content and EROD activity, and, while they cleared ammonia from the cell culture medium, they did not produce urea. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cells were a polarized epithelium connected by complex junctions resembling tight junctions and by lateral desmosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was prominent within the cells. Immunocytochemistry indicated that the PE-1 cells expressed cytokeratin 18 and had robust microtubule networks similar to those observed in in vivo porcine yolk-sac endoderm. Metaphase spreads prepared at passage 26 of the PE-1 cell line indicated a diploid porcine karyotype of 39 chromosomes. The cells have been grown for over 1 yr for multiple passages at 1: 10 or 1:20 split ratios on STO feeder cells. The cell lines will be of interest as an in vitro model of the porcine preimplantation yolk-sac tissue. C1 USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, ARS, Bldg 200,Rm 13,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 72 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11626-007-9014-8 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 158SK UT WOS:000245814600003 PM 17570021 ER PT J AU Garcia, RR de Rodriguez, DJ Angulo-Sanchez, JL Dierig, DA Solis, HD De la Rosa-Loera, A AF Rodriguez Garcia, R. de Rodriguez, D. Jasso Angulo-Sanchez, J. L. Dierig, D. A. Diaz Solis, H. De la Rosa-Loera, A. TI Lesquerella fendleri response to different sowing dates in northern Mexico SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Lesquerella fendleri; sowing dates; seed yield; oil content ID FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH; OIL AB Lexquerellafenalleri (Gray) Wats. is a Brassicaceae native to northern Mexico and southern United States. The seeds contain an oil similar to castor oil that may be used for a wide array of industrial products. The U.S. imports 41,000t of castor oil per year. Thus, Lesquerella oil may be an economic replacement for castor oil. The Mexican growers in the semiarid lands have the potential for cultivating Lesquerella if the crop can be grown in the native regions. The object of this study is to determine the effect of sowing date on seed yield and oil content in Lesquerella grown at Saltillo located in northern Mexico. The plants were sown at three different dates (23 October 2003, 16 December 2003, and 17 March 2004) and harvested in 2004 on 15 May, 24 June, and 27 August, respectively. Irrigation was applied for germination and seedling establishment and to maintain soil moisture. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with eight replications. Plant morphological variables as well as yield characteristics were measured and related to sowing dates and climatic conditions. The longer period for crop development was due to shorter photoperiod. Plant densities were highest when the crop was sown in December and March, although the densities of three sown dates were within the reported limit for high yield. Seed yield was highest when the crop was sown in December and the oil content increased in the March planting when the mean temperature during seed formation was highest. Infrared spectra of the seeds crude extracts showed different functional groups that varied with climatic conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Garcia, RR (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. EM rrodriguez_uaan@hotmail.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.08.006 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 130UX UT WOS:000243825600002 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Condon, B Sohn, M Foulk, JA Dodd, RB Rigsby, LL AF Akin, Danny E. Condon, Brian Sohn, Miryeong Foulk, Jonn A. Dodd, Roy B. Rigsby, Luanne L. TI Optimization for enzyme-retting of flax with pectate lyase SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE pectin; chelator; shive content; strength; fineness ID CORTICAL PARENCHYMA; ALKALINE PECTINASE; DEGRADING ENZYMES; CHELATING-AGENTS; PILOT-PLANT; CELL-WALLS; FIBERS; BIOPREPARATION; CULTIVARS; HYPOCOTYL AB Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important commercial crop that supplies both linseed and bast fibers for multiple applications. Retting, which is a microbial process, separates industrially useful bast fibers from non-fiber stem tissues. While several methods (i.e., water- and dew-retting) are used to ret flax, more recently enzymes have been evaluated to replace methods used currently. Alkaline pectate lyase (PL) from the commercial product BioPrep 3000 and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) from Mayoquest 200 as a calcium chelator were used in various formulations to ret flax stems. Retted stems were then mechanically cleaned through the USDA Flax Fiber Pilot Plant and passed through the Shirley Analyzer. The PL and chelator effectively retted flax from both fiber flax and linseed stems, and the use of enzyme plus chelator retted flax stems better than either component alone. Fiber yield and strength were greater than retting with a mixed-enzyme product that contained cellulases. Retting with PL and chelator was optimized based on fine-fiber yield, remaining shive content, and fiber properties. PL at levels of about 2% of the commercial product for I h at 55 degrees C followed by treatment with 18 mM EDTA for 23-24 h at 55 degrees C provided the best fibers based on these criteria. Yield and fiber properties determined by these tests were not improved with PL levels of 5% of the commercial product. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.08.003 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 130UX UT WOS:000243825600005 ER PT J AU Berti, MT Johnson, BL Manthey, LK AF Berti, Marisol T. Johnson, Burton L. Manthey, Linda K. TI Seed physiological maturity in Cuphea SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE fatty acid composition; Gompertz function; seed development; germination; seedling vigor; growing degree days ID FATTY-ACIDS; FIELD PERFORMANCE; BETA-OXIDATION; VIGOR TESTS; GERMINATION; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; DORMANCY; YIELD AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C lanceolata f. silenoides W.T. Aiton, line PSR23) is a new crop being developed in the North Central United States, as an industrial oilseed crop. Cuphea PSR23 seed oil is rich in medium-chain-length fatty acids such as capric acid used to manufacture soaps and detergents. The objective of this research was to determine the time when physiological maturity of cuphea seed is reached and how seed development affects seed moisture, weight, oil content, fatty acid content, germination, and seedling vigor. To evaluate seed development, 2000 cuphea flowers were tagged at anthesis in the field at Prosper, North Dakota in 2004 and 2005. Each flower was tagged when open and the position on the main stem or branch was recorded. Two hundred capsules from the tagged flowers were harvested at 3- to 4-d intervals from 5- to 48-d post anthesis (DPA). Seed weight increased as a function of growing degree days (GDD) and the days from anthesis. Physiological maturity occurred when maximum dry seed weight was attained. Seed weight increases followed the Gompertz function with a R-2 = 0.90 (2004)and R-2 = 0.95 (2005). All capsules, regardless of their position on the stem, followed the same growth function for seed weight. The maximum dry seed weight estimated by the Gompertz function was 3.61 for 2004 and 3.58 mg seed(-1) for 2005. Physiological maturity estimated with a quadratic function occurred at 38 DPA or 270 GDD in 2004. In 2005, physiological maturity occurred at 26 DPA or 265 GDD. As a visual indicator when the capsules split-open seeds inside that capsule are physiologically mature. Seed moisture decreased from 900 g kg(-1) at 37 GDD post anthesis to 450 g kg(-1) at 319 GDD post anthesis in 2004; however, in 2005 seed moisture decreased from 850 to 81 g kg(-1) at 293 GDD post anthesis. Seed germination increased as seed developed and it was 83% when harvested 234 GDD post anthesis. Oil content increased from 98 g kg(-1) at 37 GDD post anthesis to 279 g kg(-1) 319 GDD post anthesis. Fatty acid composition varied throughout seed development. Seed development for 111 GDD and greater had more than 66% of capric acid (10:0). Cuphea should be harvested after 265 GDD post anthesis when most capsules on the main stem are split-open, have attained maximum seed weight, germination, seedling vigor, and oil content. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Berti, MT (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM marisol.berti@ndsu.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 190 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.09.003 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 130UX UT WOS:000243825600010 ER PT J AU Evangelista, RL AF Evangelista, Roque L. TI Milkweed seed wing removal to improve oil extraction SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE milkweed; Asclepias syriaca; Asclepias speciosa; seed processing; dehulling; oil extraction AB Milkweed is now being grown commercially mainly for the production of floss used as hypoallergenic fillers in pillows and comforters. More recently, the use of milkweed seed oil in soaps and personal care products is being explored. The oil used in this effort was obtained by screw pressing whole milkweed seeds. The milkweed seed has a considerable amount of paper-thin wing around the edge of the hull. The light wing contributes greatly to the low bulk density of the seeds and the efficiency of oil extraction. This study explored the feasibility of removing the wings from the seeds to reduce the amount of material going into oil extraction. Hand-fractionation of the seeds showed that the wings, hulls, and kernel accounted for 12.2%,51.2%, and 36.5% of the seed weight, respectively. The wing contained 1% of the total oil. Most of the oil is in the kernel (73%), but a significant amount is also found in the hulls (22.4%). Mechanical removal of seed wing was evaluated using an impact huller. Seeds (I kg) with 4%, 7.2%, and 10% moisture were passed through the huller running at 1250 and 1750 rpm impeller speeds. The seeds discharged from the huller were screened to separate the intact seeds and partially dewinged seeds, dewinged seeds, and fines. Seed wings were effectively removed at seed moisture contents and impeller speed combinations of 7% and 1250 rpm or 10% and 1700 rpm. This was verified using 100 kg seeds. Removing the wings reduced the weight of the seeds by 13%, reduced the volume by 46%, and increased the bulk density by 63% while losing less than 5% of the total oil. The oil content of the dewinged seeds was 16.6% higher than the whole seeds. These reductions in seed weight and volume can significantly increase the output of the oil extraction equipment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evangelista, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM evangelr@ncaur.usda.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.10.002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 130UX UT WOS:000243825600012 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Sharma, VK McCuddin, ZP Rasmussen, MA Franklin, SK AF Carlson, Steve A. Sharma, Vijay K. McCuddin, Zoe P. Rasmussen, Mark A. Franklin, Sharon K. TI Involvement of a Salmonella genomic island 1 gene in the rumen protozoan-mediated enhancement of invasion for multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MULTIRESISTANT SALMONELLA; FLUOROGENIC PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DT104; INTEGRONS; MUTANTS; PROTEIN; CLUSTER; SGI1 AB Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that may be more virulent than related strains lacking the multiresistance phenotype. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104 is the most prevalent of these multiresistant/hypervirulent strains. Multiresistance in DT104 is conferred by an integron structure, designated Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), while we recently demonstrated DT104 hyperinvasion mediated by rumen protozoa (RPz) that are normal flora of cattle. Hyperinvasion was also observed in other Salmonella strains, i.e., other S. enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types and other S. enterica serovars, like S. enterica serovar Infantis, possessing SGI1, while DT104 strains lacking SGI1 were not hyperinvasive. Herein we attempted to identify SGI1 genes involved in the RPz-mediated hyperinvasion of Salmonella strains bearing SGI1. Transposon mutagenesis, coupled with a novel reporter system, revealed the involvement of an SGI1 gene previously designated SO13. Disruption of SO13 expression led to an abrogation of hyperinvasion as assessed by tissue culture invasion assays and by bovine challenge experiments. However, hyperinvasion was not observed in non-SGI1-bearing strains of Salmonella engineered to express SO13. That is, SO13 and another SGI1 gene(s) may coordinately upregulate invasion in DT104 exposed to RPz. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd,Box 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 BP 792 EP 800 DI 10.1128/IAI.00679-06 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 131JQ UT WOS:000243865500027 PM 17145942 ER PT J AU Daugherty, PJ Fried, JS AF Daugherty, P. J. Fried, Jeremy S. TI Jointly optimizing selection of fuel treatments and siting of forest biomass-based energy production facilities for landscape-scale fire hazard reduction SO INFOR LA English DT Article DE joint optimization; spatially explicit facility siting; forest biomass energy ID SOUTHWEST AB Landscape-scale fuel treatments for forest fire hazard reduction potentially produce large quantities of material suitable for biomass energy production: The analytic framework FIA BioSum addresses this situation by developing detailed data on forest conditions and production under alternative fuel treatment prescriptions, and computes haul costs to alternative sites at which forest biomass-based energy production facilities could be constructed. This research presents a joint-optimization approach that simultaneously selects acres to be treated by fuel treatment prescription and assigns bioenergy production facility. locations and capacities. Effects of alternative fuel treatment policies on fuel treatment effectiveness, economic feasibility, material produced, generating capacity supported, and the location and capacity of assigned facilities are evaluated. We applied this framework to a 28-million-acre, four-ecosection landscape in. central Oregon and northern California. Using a maximum net revenue objective function while varying acres treated and effectiveness benchmarks, we found the study area capable of producing estimated net revenue of 5.9 to 9.0 billion US$, treatment of 2.8 to 8.1 million acres, biomass yield of 61 million to 124 million green tons, and bioenergy capacity of 496 to 1009 MW over a 10-year period. Results also suggest that unless small-capacity (< 15 MW) facilities achieve efficiencies. over 90 percent of what large-capacity facilities can achieve, they do not represent a viable alternative, given the large amount of biomass removed. Analysis of a range of facility capacities revealed robustness in the optimal spatial distribution of forest bioenergy production facilities. C1 [Daugherty, P. J.; Fried, Jeremy S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Environm Anal & Res Team, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Daugherty, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Environm Anal & Res Team, PO Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM pdaugherty@fs.fed.us; jeremy.fried@fsfed.us NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0315-5986 J9 INFOR JI Infor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.3138/infor.45.1.17 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 260UJ UT WOS:000253035600004 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Fried, JS AF Haight, Robert G. Fried, Jeremy S. TI Deploying wildland fire suppression resources with a scenario-based standard response model SO INFOR LA English DT Article DE California Fire Economics Simulator; fire suppression; integer programming; linear programming; scenario optimization; wildfire management ID PROTECTION PLANNING-MODEL; INITIAL ATTACK; STOCHASTIC REPRESENTATION; WILDFIRE CONTAINMENT; FOREST FIRES; LOCATION; AIRTANKERS; MANAGEMENT; ALLOCATION; CALIFORNIA AB Wildland fire managers deploy suppression resources to bases and dispatch them to fires to maximize the percentage of fires that are successfully contained before unacceptable costs and losses occur. Deployment is made with budget constraints and uncertainty about the daily number, location, and intensity of fires, all of which affect initial-attack success. To address the deployment problem, we formulate a scenario-based standard response model with two objective functions: the number of suppression resources deployed and the expected daily number of fires that do not receive a standard response, defined as the desired number of resources that can reach the fire within a specified response time. To determine how deployment levels affect the standard response objective, a weighted sum of the objective functions is minimized, and the weights are ramped from large to small to generate the tradeoffs. We use the model to position up to 22 engines among 15 stations in the Amador-El Dorado unit of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection in central California. Each deployment is further evaluated in terms of expected number of escaped fires using CFES2, a stochastic simulation model of initial attack. The solutions of the standard response model forma tradeoff curve where increasing numbers of engines deployed reduces the expected daily number of fires not receiving the standard response. Solutions concentrate engines in a small set of centrally-located stations. We use a simple heuristic with CFES2 to incrementally remove engines based on simulation estimates of expected utilization frequency. The deployments obtained with the heuristic contain about the same number of fires as do solutions of the, standard response model, but the heuristic solutions deploy engines to more stations. C1 [Haight, Robert G.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fried, Jeremy S.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rhaight@fs.fed.us; jeremyfried@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 13 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0315-5986 J9 INFOR JI Infor PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.3138/infor.45.1.31 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 260UJ UT WOS:000253035600005 ER PT J AU Fabrick, JA Tabashnik, BE AF Fabrick, J. A. Tabashnik, B. E. TI Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac to multiple sites of cadherin in pink bollworm SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadherin; BtR; Pectinophora gossypiella; pink bollworm; Cry1Ac receptor; Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ID SEXTA BT-R-1 RECEPTOR; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; INSECTICIDAL TOXIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; DOMAIN-II; RESISTANCE; CLONING AB Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used for pest control. In particular, Bt toxin CrylAc produced by transgenic cotton kills some key lepidopteran pests. We found that CrylAc binds to recombinant peptides corresponding to extracellular regions of a cadherin protein (BtR) in a major cotton pest, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) (PBW). In conjunction with previous results showing that PBW resistance to CrylAc is linked with mutations in the BtR gene, the results reported here support the hypothesis that BtR is a receptor for CrylAc in PBW. Similar to other lepidopteran cadherins that bind Bt toxins, BtR has at least two CrylAC-binding domains in cadherin-repeat regions 10 and 11, which are immediately adjacent to the membrane proximal region. However, unlike cadherins from Manduca sexta and Bombyx mori, toxin binding was not seen in regions more distal from the membrane proximal region. We also found that both the protoxin and activated toxin forms of CrylAc bound to recombinant BtR fragments, suggesting that CrylAc activation may occur either before or after receptor binding. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fabrick, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ USA. EM jfabrick@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.10.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 136QR UT WOS:000244239700001 PM 17244539 ER PT J AU Bossin, H Furlong, RB Gillett, JL Bergoin, M Shirk, PD AF Bossin, H. Furlong, R. B. Gillett, J. L. Bergoin, M. Shirk, P. D. TI Somatic transformation efficiencies and expression patterns using the JcDNV and piggyBac transposon gene vectors in insects SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic transformation; densovirus integration; transposable elements; Drosophila; Plodia interpunctella ID RETROVIRAL VECTOR; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DENSOVIRUS; CELLS; LEPIDOPTERA; DROSOPHILA; GENOME; TRANSGENESIS; PARVOVIRUSES AB A somatic transformation gene vector that exploits the genomic integration properties of Junonia coenia lepidopteran densovirus (JcDNV) sequences in vivo has been developed. JcDNV somatic transformation vectors are derivatives of plasmids containing an interrupted genome of JcDNV that provide efficient, robust vectors that can be used to examine regulation of chromosomally integrated transgenes in insects. Microinjection of JcDNV plasmids into syncytial embryos of Drosophila melanogaster or the lepidopterans Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella or Trichoplusia ni resulted in persistent transgene expression throughout development. Inclusion of transgenes with tissue-specific promoters resulted in expression patterns canonical with phenotypes of piggyBac germline transformants. Somatic transformation required the presence of the viral inverted terminal repeat in cis only and did not depend upon non-structural viral proteins. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Lab Pathol Comparee, Unite Virol Mol, St Chrisrol Les Ales, France. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM pshirk@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu OI BOSSIN, Herve/0000-0002-3655-0923 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00693.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 130HU UT WOS:000243791500004 PM 17257207 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Bendele, KG Chen, AC Li, AY Miller, RJ Pleasance, E Varhol, R Rousseau, ME Nene, VM AF Guerrero, F. D. Bendele, K. G. Chen, A. C. Li, A. Y. Miller, R. J. Pleasance, E. Varhol, R. Rousseau, M. -E. Nene, V. M. TI Serial analysis of gene expression in the southern cattle tick following acaricide treatment of larvae from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAGE; resistance; organophosphate; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; IXODIDAE; GENOME; ERADICATION; DROSOPHILA; LIVESTOCK; CDNAS; SAGE AB Organophosphate resistant and susceptible tick larvae from laboratory strains of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were exposed to low doses of the organophosphate (OP) acaricide, coumaphos. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to analyse differential gene expression in response to OP treatment and to compare the responses of OP-treated and -untreated resistant and susceptible tick larvae. An R. microplus Gene Index was used as an EST database to identify genes which corresponded to SAGE tags whose abundance changed in response to acaricide exposure. Relative quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the differential expression results from the SAGE experiments. Of particular interest is a SAGE tag which corresponds to a cytochrome P450-like EST in the Gene Index which was more abundant in untreated OP resistant larvae compared to untreated OP susceptible larvae. This SAGE tag was also more abundant in OP resistant larvae treated with OP compared to OP susceptible larvae treated with OP. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Canada Michael Smith Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov OI Rousseau, Marc-Etienne/0000-0001-6281-1691 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00699.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 130HU UT WOS:000243791500005 PM 17257208 ER PT J AU Chen, JA AF Chen, Jian TI Advancement on techniques for the separation and maintenance of the red imported fire ant colonies SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brood separation; Fluon((R)) coating; Solenopsis invicta Buren ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; RANGE AB Advancement has recently been made on the techniques for separating and maintaining colonies of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. A new brood rescue method significantly improved the efficiency in separating colony from mound soil. Furthermore, a new method was developed to separate brood from the colony using fire ant repellants. Finally, a cost-effective method was developed to coat containers with diluted Fluon (R) (AGC Chemicals America, Inc, Moorestown, NJ, USA), an aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene, to prevent housed ants from escaping a container. Usually the original Fluon (R) solution is directly applied to the wall of the containers. Reduced concentrations of Fluon (R) were found to be equally effective in preventing ant escape. The use of diluted Fluon (R) solutions to coat the containers was recommended because of environmental and cost-saving benefits. Application of these new techniques can significantly reduce labor, cost and environmental contamination. This review paper collates all the new techniques in one reference which readers can use as a manual. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Peste Peste Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Biol Control Peste Peste Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Jianchen@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7919.2007.00120.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 145TJ UT WOS:000244887100001 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Tomasula, PM Corral, FJM Gardea, AA AF Van Hekken, Diane L. Tunick, Michael H. Tomasula, Peggy M. Corral, Francisco J. Molina Gardea, Alfonso A. TI Mexican Queso Chihuahua: rheology of fresh cheese SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hispanic cheese; pasteurized milk; raw milk; rheology ID FRACTURE AB Rheological properties of fresh Queso Chihuahua made from raw milk (RM) or pasteurized milk (PM) were characterized using texture profile, torsion and small amplitude oscillatory shear analyses. Although the rheological properties varied significantly among the different brands with overlapping ranges for the individual RM and PM cheese brands, overall the PM cheeses were harder, chewier and more cohesive but had lower viscoelastic values than the RM cheeses. Establishing the rheological properties of Mexican Queso Chihuahua increases our understanding of the quality traits of Hispanic-style cheeses and provides a foundation for maintaining the traditional texture of the cheese. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dvanhekken@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-727X J9 INT J DAIRY TECHNOL JI Int. J. Dairy Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00291.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 130IG UT WOS:000243792700002 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Call, J Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA AF Tunick, Michael H. Van Hekken, Diane L. Call, Jeffrey Molina-Corral, F. Javier Gardea, Alfonso A. TI Queso Chihuahua: effects of seasonality of cheesemilk on rheology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mennonite-style; Mexican cheese; raw milk; seasonality ID CHEDDAR CHEESE; MEXICAN CHEESES; PROTEOLYSIS; MILK; PASTEURIZATION; MANUFACTURE; LISTERIA AB Fresh semihard raw milk (RM) and pasteurized milk (PM) cheeses made by Mennonite communities in Chihuahua, Mexico were sampled in early winter, mid-spring and late summer and evaluated during storage to determine if rheological properties were affected by the season the cheese was produced. Seasonal effects were observed in the rheology of the RM cheeses, which underwent more extensive proteolysis than the PM cheeses. The rheological properties of the PM cheeses and the composition of all cheeses were consistent throughout the year. The texture of the RM cheese is affected by season, whereas the variability in texture and composition of PM cheese is minimal, allowing for the manufacture of a uniform product. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-727X J9 INT J DAIRY TECHNOL JI Int. J. Dairy Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00295.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 130IG UT WOS:000243792700003 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RF AF Whitcomb, Robert F. TI Evolution and devolution of minimal standards for descriptions of species of the class Mollicutes: analysis of two Spiroplasma descriptions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID NUCLEIC ACID HOMOLOGY; REVISED GROUP CLASSIFICATION; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; GENUS SPIROPLASMA; SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; LIMITING DILUTION; SP-NOV.; ACHOLEPLASMA; DNA C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitcomb, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitcomb@dakotacom.net NR 41 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64545-0 PN 2 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 141KL UT WOS:000244577200001 PM 17267949 ER PT J AU Arias, K Maxim, A Fattouh, R Walker, T Maleki, SJ Reed, J Jordana, M AF Arias, K. Maxim, A. Fattouh, R. Walker, T. Maleki, S. J. Reed, J. Jordana, M. TI Understanding immunological pathways of peanut-induced anaphylaxis SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AAAAI Annual Meeting CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA C1 McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. USDA, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. MedImmune Inc, Dept Autoimmun & Inflammat, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 MA LB5 BP 524 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.629 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 137YB UT WOS:000244327900055 ER PT J AU Allan, MF Thallman, RM Cushman, RA Echternkamp, SE White, SN Kuehn, LA Casas, E Smith, TPL AF Allan, M. F. Thallman, R. M. Cushman, R. A. Echternkamp, S. E. White, S. N. Kuehn, L. A. Casas, E. Smith, T. P. L. TI Association of a single, nucleotide polymorphism in SPP1 with growth traits and twinning in cattle population selected for twinning rate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic marker; marker-assisted selection; osteopontin; twinning ID OVULATION RATE; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; CELL-SURVIVAL; OSTEOPONTIN; LOCI; CHROMOSOME-6; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; QTL AB Continued validation of genetic markers for economically important traits is crucial to establishing marker-assisted selection as a tool in the cattle industry. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of a SNP (T-9/T-10) in the osteopontin gene (SPP1) with growth rate in a large cattle population spanning multiple generations and representing alleles from 12 founding breeds. This population has been maintained at the US Meat Animal Research Center since 1981 and subjected to selection for twinning rate. Phenotypic records for this population included twinning rate and ovulation rate, providing an opportunity to examine the potential effects of SPP1 genotype on reproductive traits. A set of 2,701 animals was genotyped for the T-9/T-10 polymorphism at SPPL The genotypic data, including previously genotyped markers on chromosome 6 (BTA6), were used in conjunction with pedigree information to estimate genotypic probabilities for all 14,714 animals with phenotypic records. The genotypic probabilities for females were used to calculate independent variables for regressions of additive, dominance, and imprinting effects. Genotypic regressions were fit as fixed effects in a mixed model analysis, in which each trait was analyzed in a 2-trait model where single births were treated as a separate trait from twin births. The association of the SPP1 marker with birth weight (P < 0.006), weaning weight (P < 0.007), and yearling weight (P < 0.003) was consistent with the previously reported effects of SPPI genotype on yearling weight. Our data supports the conclusion that the SNP successfully tracks functional alleles affecting growth in cattle. The previously undetected effect of the SNP on birth and weaning weight suggests this particular SPP1 marker may explain a portion of the phenotypic variance explained by QTL for birth and HCW on BTA6. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Allan, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM allan@email.marc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-460 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 156VN UT WOS:000245678100007 PM 17040953 ER PT J AU Toscano, MJ Lay, DC Craig, BA Pajor, EA AF Toscano, M. J. Lay, D. C., Jr. Craig, B. A. Pajor, E. A. TI Assessing the adaptation of swine to fifty-seven hours of feed deprivation in terms of behavioral and physiological responses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; hunger; physiology; swine; welfare ID MEASURING HUNGER; FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ANIMAL-WELFARE; PIGS; SOWS; MOTIVATION; STEREOTYPIES; RESTRICTION; PERFORMANCE AB Dramatic changes in the livestock industry have brought about widespread concern regarding the welfare of animals in terms of the hunger that they may experience. Despite this concern, animal science has not been able to provide a methodology that can objectively determine whether the welfare of animals is compromised by hunger. The current work sought to provide data that characterized the physiological and behavioral responses of animals experiencing 57 h of food deprivation. For this purpose, 2 separate experiments were conducted, in which physiological or behavioral measures were collected from swine deprived of feed for 21 to 57 h or fed normally (physiology, n = 20/treatment; behavior, n = 8/treatment). Treatment x time interactions were found (P < 0.02) for insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, drinking, standing, inactivity, lying sternal, lying lateral, and total lying. Animals appeared to adjust appropriately to the metabolic challenge imposed, as suggested by increases in alternative energy substrates (NEFA, beta-hydroxybutyrate). Additionally, feed-deprived animals appeared less active than control animals until after 45 h of feed deprivation, when the former appeared to be more active. Our results suggest that feed deprivation of finishing pigs for durations greater than 45 h produced behavioral changes that may be related to increased sensations of hunger and which possibly are dependent on the use of alternative energetic substrates. Our data link behavioral and physiological changes after the imposition of feed deprivation. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, LBRU, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lay, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, LBRU, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM layd@purdue.edu RI Craig, Bruce/D-5797-2017 OI Craig, Bruce/0000-0001-9346-467X NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-316 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 156VN UT WOS:000245678100019 PM 17235029 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Wackers, FL AF Olson, Dawn M. Wackers, Felix L. TI Management of field margins to maximize multiple ecological services SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological services; insect conservation; northern bobwhite; plant succession; vegetative buffers ID AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; HABITAT AB 1. Vegetative buffers in agricultural landscapes can provide a range of important ecological services, including conservation of native flora and fauna, enhancement of biological pest control and reduction of agrochemical drift. Typically, studies addressing the impact of such vegetative elements focus on one particular benefit. We investigated whether the benefits of field margins that had been established for conservation of northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus populations extended to the enhancement of biological pest control in adjacent conservation tillage cotton fields. 2. Densities of a selection of insect species and the predation and parasitism rates of insect pest species were measured in first- and second-year field margins established for bobwhite quail as well as in an adjacent cotton crop. S03. econd-year field margins yielded higher densities of all species sampled, with the exception of staphylinids and cotton aphids. Despite this, thrips and their predator, Orius insidiosus, were the only species that were also more abundant in the adjacent cotton field. Tachinids and Trichogramma and Lygus species, appeared to prefer the field margin vegetation over the cotton. 4. Overall, the impact of second-year margins on the cotton crop did not significantly differ from first-year margins with regard to pest occurrence or biological control. 5. Analysis of the sugar content in Meteorus autographae, a generalist parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae, suggested that this species is severely food-limited in the field margins established for bobwhite quail. 6. Synthesis and applications. This study shows that field margins designed to specifically benefit bobwhite quail may be unsuitable for providing other ecological services. By making small adjustments in the vegetative composition of these field margins, such as adding early season nectar-producing plants, it may be feasible to combine biodiversity and pest-control benefits and thereby optimize the overall ecological services to be gained. C1 USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Lancaster, Ctr Sustainable Agr, LEC, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Olson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPMRU, 2747 Davis Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dolson@tifton.usda.gov NR 43 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 8 U2 75 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01241.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119PG UT WOS:000243023600003 ER PT J AU Renofalt, BM Merritt, DM Nilsson, C AF Renofalt, Birgitta Malm Merritt, David M. Nilsson, Christer TI Connecting variation in vegetation and stream flow: the role of geomorphic context in vegetation response to large floods along boreal rivers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; extreme floods; oxidation reduction potential; plant diversity; redox; resistance; riparian vegetation; river; tranquil reaches; turbulent reaches ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; DISPERSAL; RIVERBANKS; MORTALITY; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; SURVIVAL; WETLAND AB 1. Flooding governs riparian plant diversity along boreal rivers but the ecological role of extreme floods is only partly understood. We studied the dynamics of riparian plant composition and richness in the free-flowing Vindel River in northern Sweden, and the importance of reach type in sustaining high species richness. 2. We conducted three surveys of riparian plant species richness over a period of two decades. The first and last of these surveys were conducted 1-3 years after significant flooding and the second was carried out after a period of more moderate flooding. 3. Our results suggest that extreme floods reduce riparian plant species richness in tranquil (slow-flowing) reaches but that a subsequent period of less extreme flood events facilitates recovery. Tranquil river reaches were also more prone to invasion by ruderal species following major floods. Species richness in turbulent reaches (rapids and runs) remained constant during all surveys. One possible explanation for this pattern is that tranquil reaches become more anoxic during floods because they have more fine-grade soils with lower hydraulic conductivity than turbulent reaches. Anoxic conditions may cause stress and plant death, opening up space for colonization. Turbulent reaches maintain a better oxygenation in the root zone of plants through high groundwater turnover, reducing negative effects of prolonged floods. 4. The fact that turbulent reaches preserved species richness regardless of flood magnitude suggests that they are important for the resistance of riparian ecosystems to prolonged inundation. In contrast, tranquil reaches, with a higher water-holding capacity, might instead maintain their species richness during drought periods. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the importance of spatial and temporal variation in riverine plant species richness and composition. To conserve these habitats at a landscape scale, a full range of reach types is necessary to allow for recovery in reaches where species richness has declined. To maintain healthy riparian zones, river managers should focus restoration efforts on interactions between hydrology, geomorphology and biota. C1 Umea Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. NRRC, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Renofalt, BM (reprint author), Umea Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM birgitta.renofalt@emg.umu.se NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01223.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119PG UT WOS:000243023600016 ER PT J AU Scupham, AJ Jones, JA Wesley, IV AF Scupham, A. J. Jones, J. A. Wesley, I. V. TI Comparison of DNA extraction methods for analysis of turkey cecal microbiota SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial; diversity; ecology; faeces; fungal; purification ID INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ANALYSIS FINGERPRINTS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; BROILER-CHICKENS; PCR AB As a prelude to long-term studies to characterize the microbiota of the turkey ceca, 14 DNA isolation protocols were evaluated for their ability to reproducibly characterize microbial diversity. Eight commercially available DNA extraction kits were assessed. DNA quantity and quality were assessed and competitive PCR was used to quantify the 16S bacterial rRNA genes. The Invitrogen Easy-DNA Kit extraction method for large samples yielded over eight times more DNA than any other method (3144 +/- 873 mu g g(-1) of sample, P < 0.05). Bacterial and fungal species richness was estimated by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis. The Invitrogen Easy-DNA Kit generated the greatest bacterial species richness (46 +/- 7 peaks) while Bio-Rad Aquapure yielded the highest fungal species richness (71 +/- 9.5 peaks). Cluster analysis indicated different DNA extraction methods generated different microbial community compositions using the same cecal matrix from a single donor bird. Optimized DNA extraction protocols Invitrogen Easy-DNA Kit extraction method for large samples and Bio-Rad Aquapure outperform other methods for extraction of DNA from poultry fecal samples, although these methods do not necessarily recover all available DNA. They will be used in future studies to monitor the dynamics of microbial communities of the avian ceca. C1 USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Scupham, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ascupham@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03094.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 126IT UT WOS:000243507300012 PM 17241345 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Wells, JE Miller, DN AF Varel, V. H. Wells, J. E. Miller, D. N. TI Combination of a urease inhibitor and a plant essential oil to control coliform bacteria, odour production and ammonia loss from cattle waste SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle manure; coliforms; pathogens; plant oils; urease inhibitor ID ELIMINATE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIVESTOCK WASTE; SWINE WASTE; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; MANURE; PATHOGENS; CARBONATE; FEEDLOT; BALANCE AB To evaluate urea hydrolysis, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (odour) and coliforms in cattle waste slurries after a urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and a plant oil component (thymol) were added. Faeces from cattle fed a diet of 70% corn silage and 30% alfalfa haylage, urine and distilled water in the ratio 50 : 35 : 15 were blended at high speed for 1 min. Triplicate aliquots of 750 ml were amended with NBPT plus or minus thymol and reblended for 1 min, and were poured into 1.6 l wide-mouth jars covered 90% with a lid. After 56 days, thymol (2000 mg kg(-1) waste) in combination with NBPT (80 mg kg(-1) waste) retained 5.2 g of an initial 9.2 g of urea in cattle waste slurries, compared with less than 1 g of urea retained when NBPT was the only additive (P < 0.05). Another experiment using excreta from cattle fed 76.25% high moisture corn, 19.25% corn silage and a 4.5% supplement, blended at a low speed, gave a similar response with urea hydrolysis; and the two treatments, thymol alone and thymol in combination with NBPT, reduced VFA production (P < 0.01) and eliminated all coliform bacteria by day 1. A third experiment indicated coliforms disappeared in the no addition treatment after 8 days; however, they were viable at 6.6 x 10(4) CFU g(-1) waste beyond 35 days in the NBPT treatment. Thymol supplements the effect of NBPT by increasing the inhibitory period for hydrolysis of urea in cattle waste slurries and nitrogen retention in the waste. Thymol and NBPT offer the potential to reduce odour and pathogens in cattle manure, and increase the fertilizer value. C1 USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM varel@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03120.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 126IT UT WOS:000243507300020 PM 17241353 ER PT J AU Panilaitis, B Castro, GR Solaiman, D Kaplan, DL AF Panilaitis, B. Castro, G. R. Solaiman, D. Kaplan, D. L. TI Biosynthesis of emulsan biopolymers from agro-based feedstocks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acinetobacter; adjuvant; agricultural oils; biopolymer; emulsan ID ACINETOBACTER-CALCOACETICUS RAG-1; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; SOY MOLASSES; FATTY-ACIDS; EMULSIFIER; SUBSTRATE; ANALOGS AB The need for biocompatible, biodegradable, and versatile biopolymers permeates many fields including environmental and food technology. The goal of the study presented here is to establish the utility of agricultural oils as an inexpensive carbon source to produce materials useful for biomedical materials and offer positive attributes in terms of green chemistry. Structural variants of the complex acylated polysaccharide, emulsan, secreted from Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1, were biosynthesized in cultures supplemented with agricultural feedstocks to examine the feasibility of conversion of these substrates into value-added biopolymers. Acinetobacter venetianus produced chemically and biologically distinct emulsan variants in culture on soy molasses and tallow oil. These variants possess significant biological function, including macrophage activation and adjuvant activity, in similar range to that observed for the standard emulsan formed on ethanol-fed A. venetianus. The results indicate that this novel family of biopolymers can be produced in significant quantities from the readily available renewable agricultural feedstocks and the resulting structures and functions can be correlated to the chemistry of these feedstocks. The significant quantities of agricultural oils produced annually represent an untapped source for bioconversion to valuable products. The results of this study confirm that the important polymer emulsan can be synthesized from this inexpensive carbon source. C1 Tufts Univ, Bioengn & Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. PROIMI, Lab Biocatalysis, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Bioengn & Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM david.kaplan@tufts.edu RI Castro, Guillermo/E-9982-2014; Castro, Guillermo/D-1199-2013 OI Castro, Guillermo/0000-0002-6187-7805; Castro, Guillermo/0000-0002-6187-7805 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03078.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 126IT UT WOS:000243507300026 PM 17241359 ER PT J AU Radosevich, TJ Reinhardt, TA Lippolis, JD Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR AF Radosevich, Thomas J. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Lippolis, John D. Bannantine, John P. Stabel, Judith R. TI Proteome and differential expression analysis of membrane and cytosolic proteins from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains K-10 and 187 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUTROPHILS; INFECTION; DATABASE AB Little is known of protein expression in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how this contributes to pathogenesis. In the present study, proteins from both membranes and cytosol were prepared from two strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, i.e., laboratory-adapted strain K-10 and a recent isolate, strain 187, obtained from a cow exhibiting clinical signs of Johne's disease. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cytosol and membrane proteins from K-10 and 187 showed marked differences in protein expression. Relative levels of protein expression from both M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were measured by using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents (iTRAQ) and tandem mass spectroscopy. Protein identification and relative expression data were obtained for 874 membrane and cytosolic proteins from the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteome. These data showed a number of significant differences in protein expression between strain K-10 and clinical isolate 187. Examples of proteins expressed at higher levels in clinical isolate 187 compared to strain K-10 are AtpC, RpoA, and several proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. In contrast, proteins such as AhpC and several proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism were expressed at higher levels in strain K-10 compared to strain 187. These data may provide insights into the proteins whose expression is important in natural infection but are modified once M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is adapted to laboratory cultivation. Results from these studies will provide tools for developing a better understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the host and offer potential as diagnostic reagents and vaccine candidates. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 189 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1128/JB.01420-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134VJ UT WOS:000244112100046 PM 17142399 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Liebhold, AM Roberts, EA AF Tobin, Patrick C. Liebhold, Andrew M. Roberts, E. Anderson TI Comparison of methods for estimating the spread of a non-indigenous species SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; gypsy moth; invasion modelling; invasive species; range expansion; spread ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NORTH-AMERICA; DEFOLIATION; DYNAMICS; COUNTS AB Aim To compare different quantitative approaches for estimating rates of spread In the exotic species gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., using county-level presence/absence data and spatially extensive trapping grids. Location USA Methods We used county-level presence/absence records of the gypsy moth's distribution in the USA, which are available beginning in 1900, and extensive grids of pheromone-baited traps, which are available in selected areas beginning in 1981. We compared a regression approach and a boundary displacement approach for estimating gypsy moth spread based on these sources of data. Results We observed relative congruence between methods and data sources in estimating overall rates of gypsy moth spread through time, and among regions. Main conclusions The ability to estimate spread in exotic invasive species is a primary concern in management programmes and one for which there is a lack of information on the reliability of methods. Also, in most invading species, there is generally a lack of data to explore methods of estimating spread. Extensive data available on gypsy moth in the USA allowed for such a comparison. We show that, even with spatially crude records of presence/absence, overall rates of spread do not differ substantially from estimates obtained from the more costly deployment of extensive trapping grids. Moreover, these methods can also be applied to the general study of species distributional changes, such as range expansion or retraction, in response to climate change or other environmental effects. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01600.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 135UI UT WOS:000244179000013 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ Braden, SE Reyes-Herrera, I Donoghue, DJ AF Schneider, Marilyn J. Braden, Susan E. Reyes-Herrera, Ixchel Donoghue, Dan J. TI Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in chicken muscle using HPLC with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolone; tetracycline; antibiotics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; ANTIBIOTICS; TISSUES; BOVINE; SHRIMP; MILK; DERIVATIZATION; VALIDATION AB A multiresidue method has been developed which allows for the simultaneous determination of both fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in chicken muscle. Samples were extracted with a mix of acetonitrile and 0.1 M citrate, 150 mM MgCl2, pH 5.0. After centrifugation and evaporation, the extracts could be analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Good recoveries (63-95%) were obtained from samples fortified with a mix of five fluoroquinolones and three tetracyclines, with satisfactory relative standard deviations. Limits of detection were 0.5 ng/g (danofloxacin), 1 ng/g (oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin), 1.5 ng/g (tetracycline), 2 ng/g (difloxacin) and 5 ng/g (sarafloxacin, chlortetracycline). Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, as well as oxytetracycline were determined in enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline incurred chicken muscle using this method. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr 0408, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 846 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.005 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 137GN UT WOS:000244281100002 PM 16931182 ER PT J AU Howell, JM Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Scoles, GA Knowles, DP AF Howell, Jeanne M. Ueti, Massaro W. Palmer, Guy H. Scoles, Glen A. Knowles, Donald P. TI Transovarial transmission efficiency of Babesia bovis tick stages acquired by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus during acute infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; IXODIDAE; ACARI; EGGS; ERYTHROCYTES; RESISTANCE; ATTACHMENT; MEROZOITE; LARVAE; RATES AB The protozoan parasite Babesia bovis, a reemerging threat to U.S. cattle, is acquired by adult female ticks of the subgenus Boophilus and is transovarially transmitted as the kinete stage to developing larval offspring. Sporozoites develop within larvae and are transmitted during larval feeding on a bovine host. This study evaluated the efficiency of B. bovis infection within Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus following acquisition feeding on acutely parasitemic cattle. Parasite levels were quantified in blood from experimentally infected cattle and within hemolymph and larvae derived from acquisition-fed female B. microplus. There was a positive correlation between blood parasite levels in acutely parasitemic cattle and kinete levels in the hemolymph of adult female Boophilus ticks following acquisition feeding; however, there was no relationship between kinete levels in females and infection rates of larval progeny. Boophilus microplus females that acquisition fed produced larval progeny with infection rates of 12% to 48%. Importantly, larvae derived from replete females with very low levels of kinete infection, as demonstrated by microscopy and PCR, had infection rates of 22% to 30% and transmitted B. bovis during transmission feeding. These data demonstrate that although hemolymph infection may be undetectable, transmission to larval progeny occurs at a level which ensures transmission to the bovine host. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Howell, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jhowell@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007025, T32-AI07025] NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1128/JCM.01757-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000027 PM 17166964 ER PT J AU Kaylegian, KE Lynch, JM Fleming, JR Barbano, DM AF Kaylegian, K. E. Lynch, J. M. Fleming, J. R. Barbano, D. M. TI Lipolysis and proteolysis of modified and producer milks used for calibration of mid-infrared milk analyzers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calibration; infrared milk analysis; lipolysis; proteolysis ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; PASTEURIZED FLUID MILK; BOVINE-MILK; INFRARED MILK; RAW-MILK; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; SHELF-LIFE; MASTITIS; PROTEINASES; PERFORMANCE AB Our objective was to determine if lipolysis or proteolysis of calibration sets during shelf life influenced the mid-infrared (MIR) readings or calibration slopes and intercepts. The lipolytic and proteolytic deterioration was measured for 3 modified milk and 3 producer milk calibration sets during storage at 4 degrees C. Modified and producer milk sets were used separately to calibrate an optical filter and virtual filter MIR analyzer. The uncorrected readings and slopes and intercepts of the calibration linear regressions for fat B, fat A, protein, and lactose were determined over 28 d for modified milks and 15 d for producer milks. It was expected that increases in free fatty acid content and decreases in the casein as a percentage of true protein of the calibration milks would have an effect on the MIR uncorrected readings, calibration slopes and intercepts, and MIR predicted readings. However, the influence of lipolysis and proteolysis on uncorrected readings was either not significant, or significant but very small. Likewise, the amount of variation accounted for by day of storage at 4 degrees C of a calibration set on the calibration slopes and intercepts was also very small. Most of the variation in uncorrected readings and calibration slopes and intercepts were due to differences between the optical filter and virtual filter analyzers and differences between the pasteurized modified milk and raw producer milk calibration sets, not due to lipolysis or proteolysis. The combined impact of lipolysis and proteolysis on MIR predicted values was < 0.01% in most cases. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, SW Milk Mkt Area, Carrollton, TX USA. RP Barbano, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, NE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. EM dmb37@cornell.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 602 EP 615 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 127PQ UT WOS:000243599200009 PM 17235136 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Hutchison, JL Wright, JR Kuhn, MT Lawlor, TJ AF Norman, H. D. Hutchison, J. L. Wright, J. R. Kuhn, M. T. Lawlor, T. J. TI Selection on yield and fitness traits when culling Holsteins during the first three lactations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE culling; fitness trait; yield trait; selection ID SOMATIC-CELL SCORES; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; UNITED-STATES; TEST INTERVAL; FERTILITY; PARAMETERS; PREDICTION; MILK AB Emphasis by dairy producers on various yield and fitness traits when culling cows was documented for US Holstein calvings since 1982. Least squares differences between cows retained for additional parities and those culled were estimated for milk, fat, and protein yields; somatic cell score (SCS); days open (DO); dystocia score (DS), final score (FS), and 14 type traits. Compared with cows culled during first lactation, superiority for first-parity milk yield was 569 to 1,175 kg for cows with 2 lactations, 642 to 1,283 kg for cows with = 2 lactations, 710 to 1,350 kg for cows with 3 lactations, and 663 to 1,331 kg for cows with = 4 lactations. Cows retained for = 2 lactations had first-parity SCS that were 0.34 to 0.62 lower (more favorable) than those of cows culled during first lactation; first-parity SCS for cows retained for 3 or = 4 lactations were even more favorable than those of cows with 1 or 2 lactations. The negative genetic relationship between yield and fertility contributed to increased DO as selection for higher milk yield persisted across time despite considerable preference for early conception when culling cows. In 1982, cows retained in the herd for 2, 3, and = 4 lactations conceived earlier during first lactation (19, 17, and 23 fewer DO, respectively) than those culled during first lactation; those differences had increased to 34, 41, and 52 fewer DO by 2000. Although DS has a negative relationship with survival, first-parity DS were only slightly lower (by 0.10 to 0.14) for survivors than for cows culled during first lactation. Cows retained for = 2 lactations had greater first-parity FS by 1.4 to 1.9 points than those culled during first lactation. On a standardized basis, the most intense selection during first lactation was for milk and protein yields with less for fat (74 to 86% of that for milk), DO (18 to 74%), FS (22 to 38%), SCS (19 to 37%), and DS (7 to 15%). Producers continued to emphasize the same traits when culling during second and third lactations. Trait priority by producers during culling could aid in setting trait emphasis when selecting bulls for progeny test and could also be useful in developing software for index-based culling guides. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Holstein Assoc USA Inc, Brattleboro, VT 05301 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1008 EP 1020 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 127PQ UT WOS:000243599200052 PM 17235179 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Thornton, LLM Neitzel, RR Gengler, N AF Wiggans, G. R. Thornton, L. L. M. Neitzel, R. R. Gengler, N. TI Short communication: Genetic evaluation of milking speed for brown Swiss dairy cattle in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; milking speed; Brown Swiss ID SOMATIC-CELL SCORE; UDDER CONFORMATION; MASTITIS AB Genetic parameters and relative breeding values were estimated for milking speed of US Brown Swiss dairy cattle. Owner-recorded milking-speed scores on a scale of 1 (slow) to 8 (fast) were collected by the Brown Swiss Association as part of its linear type appraisal program starting in 2004. Data were 7,366 records for 6,666 cows in 393 herds. The pedigree file included information for 21,458 animals born in 1985 or later. Six unknown-parent groups that each included 4 birth years were defined. The model included fixed effects for herd appraisal date and parity-lactation stage and random effects for permanent environment, animal, and error. Within parity (1, 2, and >= 3), 6 groups were defined: unknown calving date, four 90-d lactation stages, and lactations with > 400 d in milk. Heritability of 0.22 and repeatability of 0.42 were estimated by average-information REML; residual variance was 1.13. Little trend in estimated breeding value was found for cows born from 1999 through 2002. Although solutions increased with lactation stage for first-parity cows by 0.37, no clear trend was found for later parities. Genetic evaluations for milking speed were expressed as relative breeding values with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 5. The 121 bulls with >= 10 daughters had milking speed evaluations that ranged from 83 to 112 and had correlations of 0.56 with productive life evaluations and -0.40 with somatic cell score evaluations. The association of faster milking speed with lower somatic cell score was not expected. The moderate heritability found for milking speed indicates that the evaluations (first released in May 2006) should be useful in detecting bulls with slow-milking daughters. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Brown Swiss Assoc, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. Natl Fund Sci Res, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Gembloux Agr Univ, Anim Sci Unit, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wiggans@aipl.arsusda.gov OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 1021 EP 1023 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 127PQ UT WOS:000243599200053 PM 17235180 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Hellier, BC Elberson, LR Staska, RT Evans, MA AF Clement, Stephen L. Hellier, Barbara C. Elberson, Leslie R. Staska, Russell T. Evans, Marc A. TI Flies (Diptera : Muscidae : Calliphoridae) are efficient pollinators of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) in field cages SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leek; Calliphora vicina; Musca domestica; germplasm regeneration; insect pollination ID ONION; REGENERATION; BLOWFLIES; HONEYBEES AB In conjunction with efforts to identify efficient insect pollinators for seed multiplication of cross-pollinated plant species stored and maintained by USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS), experiments were conducted to assess and compare the efficiency of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and different densities of each fly species, to pollinate leek, Allium ampeloprasum L., plant inventory (PI) accessions in field cages for seed yield maximization and high germination. Cages with flowering plants were exposed to 0 flies or stocked with 100, 250, and 500 M. domestica or C. vicina pupae per week for 6 (2002) and 7 (2004) wk. Seed yield (weight per cage) increased linearly as fly densities (C. vicina or M. domestica) increased from 0 to 500 pupae per week, with 500 fly cages averaging 340.7 g (C. vicina) and 70.5 g (M. domestica) of seed in 2002 (PI 368343) and 615.3 g (PI 168977) and 357.5 g (PI 368343) in 2004 when only the C. vicina was used. For 0, 100, and 250 fly cages, seed yields averaged between 2.3 and 175.3 g in 2002 and 10.7 and 273.1 g in 2004. Mean 100-seed weights between treatments ranged narrowly between 0.4 and 0.5 g in 2002 and 0.3 and 0.4 g in 2004, and germination rates of seed lots from "fly cages" were mostly >= 80% in both years. The C. vicina is an efficient and cost-effective pollinator ($388.97 for pupae and shipping, compared with $2,400 for honey bee, Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae], nuclei) for caged leek accessions, with 250 and 500 C. vicina pupae per week required to produce sufficient seed (130 g) to fill an accession storage bag in the WRPIS gene bank. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, 59 Johson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[131:FDMCAE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132BO UT WOS:000243917200019 PM 17370820 ER PT J AU Jackson, RE Marcus, MA Gould, F Bradley, Jr Van Duyn, JW AF Jackson, R. E. Marcus, M. A. Gould, F. Bradley, J. R., Jr. Van Duyn, J. W. TI Cross-resistance responses of Cry1Ac-selected Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to the Bacillus thuringiensis protein Vip3A SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Vip3A; Heliothis virescens; cross-resistance; resistance management ID VEGETATIVE INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; TOXINS; INSECTS; CRY1AC; MANAGEMENT; SPECTRUM; CADHERIN; MIDGUT; PLANTS AB One susceptible and three Cry1Ac-resistant strains of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were used in laboratory studies to determine the level of cross-resistance between the Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) toxins Cry1Ac and Vip3A by using concentration-mortality and leaf tissue experiments. Concentration-mortality data demonstrated that the three Cry1Ac-resistant H. virescens strains, YHD2, KCBbyb, and CxC, were at least 215- to 316-fold resistant to Cry1Ac compared with the susceptible strain, YDK. Results from Vip3A concentration-mortality tests indicated that mortality was similar among all four H. virescens strains. Relative larval growth on Cry1Ac reflected concentration-mortality test results, because YHD2 larval growth was mostly unaffected by the Cry1Ac concentrations tested. Growth ratios for KCBhyb and CXC indicated that they had a more moderate level of resistance to Cry1Ac than did YHD2. Relative larval growth on Vip3A was highly variable at lower concentrations, but it was more consistent on concentrations of Vip3A above 25 mu g/ml. Differences in larval growth among strains on Vip3A were not as pronounced as seen in Cry1Ac experiments. Mortality and larval growth also was assessed in leaf tissue bioassays in which YDK, CxC, and KCBhyb neonates were placed onto leaf disks from non-Bt and Bt cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., for 5 d. Three Bt lines were used in an initial bioassay and consisted of two Vip3A-containing lines, COT203 and COT102, and a Cry1Ac-producing line. Mortality of KCBhyb and CXC was lower than that of YDK larvae in the presence of leaf tissue from the Cry1Ac-producing line. Additionally, increased larval growth and leaf tissue consumption on Cry1Ac-containing leaf disks was observed for KCBhyb and CXC. Mortality and larval weights were similar among strains when larvae were fed leaf tissue of either non-Bt, COT203, or COT102. A subsequent leaf tissue bioassay was conducted that evaluated four cotton lines: non-Bt, Cry1Ab-expressing, Vip3A-expressing, and pyramided-toxin plants that produced both Cry1Ab and Vip3A. Mortality levels were similar among strains when fed non-Bt, Vip3A-expressing, or pyramided-toxin leaf tissues. Mortality was higher for YDK than for KCBhyb or CXC on Cry1Ab-expressing leaf tissues. No differences in larval weights were observed among strains for any genotype tested. Results of these experiments demonstrate that cross-resistance is nonexistent between Cry1Ac and Vip3A in H. virescens. Thus, the introduction of Vip3A-producing lines could delay Cry1Ac-resistance evolution in H. virescens, if these lines gain a significant share of the market. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. RP Jackson, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rjackson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[180:CROCHV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132BO UT WOS:000243917200025 PM 17370826 ER PT J AU Gahan, LJ Gould, F Lopez, JD Micinski, S Heckel, DG AF Gahan, Linda J. Gould, Fred Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Micinski, Stephen Heckel, David G. TI A polymerase chain reaction screen of field populations of Heliothis virescens for a retrotransposon insertion conferring resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA diagnostics; resistance monitoring; tobacco budworm; cotton ID PINK-BOLLWORM; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC COTTON; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; BT COTTON; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; RECEPTOR; ALLELES AB The evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner poses a continuing threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. One component of the U.S.-wide resistance management plan for Bt cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., involves monitoring the frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. However, existing methods are expensive and may not detect recessive resistance alleles until their frequencies are too high for countermeasures to be effective; therefore, more sensitive methods are needed. The first Bt resistance-causing mutation described at the molecular level was a retrotransposon insertion into the gene encoding a 12-cadherin-domain protein expressed in the midgut of larval Heliothis virescens (F.). We report the first large-scale screen for this mutation using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based approach on > 7,000 field-collected individuals. The specific insertion was not detected in any of these samples, nor was it detected in three progeny-tested, field-caught males thought to carry a Bt resistance gene. Unlike the targets of many chemical insecticides where a limited number of resistance-causing mutations compatible with viability can occur; a very large number of such mutations seem possible for the 12-cadherin-domain gene. However, even if these mutations are viable in the laboratory, they may not threaten the effectiveness of transgenic crops because of a high fitness cost in the field. The challenge remains to detect the subset of possible resistance-conferring alleles that are still rare but are viable in the field and increasing due to selection by Bt cotton. This situation will complicate PCR-based Bt resistance monitoring strategies. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. LSU, AgCtr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA 71112 USA. RP Heckel, DG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Hans Knoll Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM heckel@ice.mpg.de RI Heckel, David/K-2138-2013 OI Heckel, David/0000-0001-8991-2150 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[187:APCRSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132BO UT WOS:000243917200026 PM 17370827 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Childers, CC Eger, JE AF Hall, David G. Childers, Carl C. Eger, Joseph E. TI Binomial sampling to estimate rust mite (Acari : Eriophyidae) densities on orange fruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Aculops pelekassi; proportions; presence-absence sampling ID APHID HOMOPTERA; CITRUS-FRUIT; POPULATION-DENSITY; CEREAL APHIDS; PLANS; DAMAGE; MODEL; TETRANYCHIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; PRECISION AB Binomial sampling based on the proportion of samples infested was investigated for estimating mean densities of citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), and Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae), on oranges, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. Data for the investigation were obtained by counting the number of motile mites within 600 sample units (each unit a 1-cm(2) surface area per fruit) across a 4-ha block of trees (32 blocks total): five areas per 4 ha, five trees per area, 12 fruit per tree, and two samples per fruit. A significant (r(2) = 0.89), linear relationship was found between ln(-ln(1-P-0)) and ln(mean), where P-0 is the proportion of samples with more than zero mites. The fitted binomial parameters adequately described a validation data set from a sampling plan consisting of 192 samples. Projections indicated the fitted parameters would apply to sampling plans with as few as 48 samples, but reducing sample size resulted in an increase of bootstrap estimates falling outside expected confidence limits. Although mite count data fit the binomial model, confidence limits for mean arithmetic predictions increased dramatically as proportion of samples infested increased. Binomial sampling using a tally threshold of 0 therefore has less value when proportions of samples infested are large. Increasing the tally threshold to two mites marginally improved estimates at larger densities. Overall, binomial sampling for a general estimate of mite densities seemed to be a viable alternative to absolute counts of mites per sample for a grower using a low management threshold such as two or three mites per sample. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dhall@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[233:BSTERM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 132BO UT WOS:000243917200032 PM 17370833 ER PT J AU Lobb, DA Huffman, E Reicosky, DC AF Lobb, David A. Huffman, Edward Reicosky, Donald C. TI Importance of information on tillage practices in the modelling of environmental processes and in the use of environmental indicators SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE tillage; soil management; environmental indicators; soil erosion; tillage erosion; crop residue cover ID SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; EROSION; TRANSLOCATION; LANDSCAPES; CANADA AB Tillage has been and will always be integral to crop production. Tillage can result in the degradation of soil, water, and air quality. Of all farm management practices, tillage may have the greatest impact on the environment. A wide variety of tillage equipment, practices and systems are available to farmers, providing opportunities to enhance environmental performance. These opportunities have made tillage a popular focus of environmental policies and programs such as environmental indicators for agriculture. This paper provides a very brief examination of the role of tillage in crop production, its effect on biophysical processes and, therefore, its impact on the environment. Models of biophysical processes are briefly examined to demonstrate the importance of tillage relative to other farm management practices and to demonstrate the detail of tillage data that these models can demand. The focus of this paper is an examination of the use of information on tillage in Canada's agri-environmental indicators initiative, National Agri-environmental Health Analysis and Reporting Program (NAHARP). Information on tillage is required for several of the indicators in NAHARP. The type of data used, its source, and its quality are discussed. Recommendations regarding the collection of tillage data and use of tillage information are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Lobb, DA (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM Lobbda@ms.umanitoba.ca NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3 SI SI BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129SC UT WOS:000243749400009 PM 17118526 ER PT J AU Means, NE Kremer, RJ Ramsier, C AF Means, Nathan E. Kremer, Robert J. Ramsier, Clifford TI Effects of glyphosate and foliar amendments on activity of microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenase activity; respiration; microbial ecology; herbicides; rhizosphere microorganisms; biostimulants ID SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; AGRICULTURAL BIOSTIMULANTS; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; PLANT-GROWTH; GLYCINE-MAX; ROOT; COMMUNITIES; TEMPERATURE; HERBICIDES AB A field study was conducted to determine the effects of glyphosate on microbial activity in the rhizosphere of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean and to evaluate interactions with foliar amendments. Glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae ha(-1) was applied GR soybean at the V4-V5 development stages. Check treatments included a conventional herbicide tank mix (2003 study only) and no herbicides (hand-weeded). Ten days after herbicide application, a commercially available biostimulant and a urea solution (21.0% N) were applied to soybean foliage at 33.5 mL ha(-1) and 9.2 kg ha(-1), respectively. Soil and plant samples were taken 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after herbicide application then assayed for enzyme and respiration activities. Soil respiration and enzyme activity increased with glyphosate and foliar amendment applications during the 2002 growing season; however, similar increases were not observed in 2003. Contrasting cumulative rainfall between 2002 and 2003 likely accounted for differences in soil microbial activities. Increases in soil microbial activity in 2002 suggest that adequate soil water and glyphosate application acted together to increase microbial activity. Our study suggests that general soil microbial properties including those involving C and N transformations are not sensitive enough to detect effects of glyphosate on rhizosphere microbial activity. Measurements of soil-plant-microbe relationships including specific microbial groups (i.e., root-associated Fusarium spp.) are likely better indicators of impacts of glyphosate on soil microbial ecology. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Ag Spectrum Co, DeWitt, IA USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. EM KremerR@missouri.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1080/03601230601123227 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 135UH UT WOS:000244178900001 PM 17365326 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Leakey, ADB Heady, LE Gibon, Y Stitt, M Schurr, U AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair Leakey, Andrew D. B. Heady, Lindsey E. Gibon, Yves Stitt, Mark Schurr, Ulrich TI Does elevated atmospheric [CO(2)] alter diurnal C uptake and the balance of C and N metabolites in growing and fully expanded soybean leaves? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE amino acids; elevated [CO(2)]; FACE; Glycine max; hexose; starch; sucrose; ureide ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; UREIDE DEGRADATION; TOBACCO PLANTS; LEAF POSITION; N-2 FIXATION; WHOLE-PLANT; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FACE AB Increases in growth at elevated [CO(2)] may be constrained by a plant's ability to assimilate the nutrients needed for new tissue in sufficient quantity to match the increase in carbon fixation and/or the ability to transport those nutrients and carbon in sufficient quantity to growing organs and tissues. Analysis of metabolites provides an indication of shifts in carbon and nitrogen partitioning due to rising atmospheric [CO(2)] and can help identify where bottlenecks in carbon utilization occur. In this study, the carbon and nitrogen balance was investigated in growing and fully expanded soybean leaves exposed to elevated [CO(2)] in a free air CO(2) enrichment experiment. Diurnal photosynthesis and diurnal profiles of carbon and nitrogen metabolites were measured during two different crop growth stages. Diurnal carbon gain was increased by c. 20% in elevated [CO(2)] in fully expanded leaves, which led to significant increases in leaf hexose, sucrose, and starch contents. However, there was no detectable difference in nitrogen-rich amino acids and ureides in mature leaves. By contrast to mature leaves, developing leaves had high concentrations of ureides and amino acids relative to low concentrations of carbohydrates. Developing leaves at elevated [CO(2)] had smaller pools of ureides compared with developing leaves at ambient [CO(2)], which suggests N assimilation in young leaves was improved by elevated [CO(2)]. This work shows that elevated [CO(2)] alters the balance of carbon and nitrogen pools in both mature and growing soybean leaves, which could have down-stream impacts on growth and productivity. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Juelich Res Ctr, ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Gibon, Yves/B-9919-2011; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 49 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 58 IS 3 BP 579 EP 591 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl233 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 139JP UT WOS:000244428400019 PM 17158509 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Ellis, S Robinson, T Marenghi, F Merrill, P Hawkins, L Giray, C Wagner, B AF Gustafson, L. Ellis, S. Robinson, T. Marenghi, F. Merrill, P. Hawkins, L. Giray, C. Wagner, B. TI Spatial and non-spatial risk factors associated with cage-level distribution of infectious salmon anaemia at three Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., farms in Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; binary time-series cross-sectional data; epidemiology; infectious salmon anaemia; risk factors; spatio-temporal ID ORTHOMYXO-LIKE VIRUS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CANADA; ISA; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAKS; MORTALITY; STRAIN AB The distribution of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) was examined among 80 cages from three Atlantic salmon grow-out farms in Maine, USA that were stocked with smolts from a single hatchery. Cage-level disease was broadly defined as one or more moribund fish testing positive for infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) by RT-PCR and a second confirmatory test (IFAT, culture or genotype sequence). Spatio-temporal and cage-level risks were explored using logistic regression and survival analysis. Non-spatial risk factors associated with ISA, or shortened survival time to disease, included increased predation, trucking company choice for smolt transfers, a finely-sedimented benthic substrate, and smaller average size of smolts at stocking. Univariable analysis identified the time-dependent spatial factor 'adjacency to newly infected cages' to be predictive of new infection in neighbouring cages 11-12 weeks later. However, none of the spatial factors, or their lags retained relevance in multiple-variable models. The results suggest a diffuse distribution of virus exposure throughout infected sites, with host-susceptibility factors probably influencing disease manifestation in individual cages. The narrow focus of the current study may limit application of the findings to other sites and year-classes. However, these data support the relevance of husbandry efforts to optimize fish health in regions affected by ISAV. C1 USDA APHIS VS, ISA Program, Eastport, ME USA. Micro Technol Inc, Richmond, ME USA. Cooke Aquaculture, St George, NB, Canada. USDA APHIS VS, CEAH, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA APHIS NCIE, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lori.l.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00792.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 134KH UT WOS:000244081400004 PM 17298565 ER PT J AU Sothornvit, R Olsen, CW McHugh, TH Krochta, JM AF Sothornvit, R. Olsen, C. W. McHugh, T. H. Krochta, J. M. TI Tensile properties of compression-molded whey protein sheets: Determination of molding condition and glycerol-content effects and comparison with solution-cast films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE compression molding; edible films; whey protein; glycerol; tensile properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOY; PERMEABILITY AB Transparent glycerol (Gly)-plasticized whey protein isolate (WPI) sheets could be formed from Gly-WPI mixtures using compression molding, demonstrating that such mixtures display flowability and fusion behavior under certain conditions. The effects of glycerol content (GC), molding temperature and molding pressure on the tensile properties of the transparent compression-molded WPI sheets were studied, and the properties were compared to those of films produced using the solution-casting method. Compression-molding temperature and pressure did not significantly affect sheet stiffness (elastic modulus, EM), strength (tensile strength, TS) or extension (% elongation, %E) (p > 0.05). Increasing the GC of compression-molded sheets decreased EM and TS, but had little effect on %E. The values of TS and %E of compression-molded WPI sheets with 40-50% GC were greater than those of solution-cast WPI films with 45% GC. These results indicate the possibility that Gly-WPI mixtures can be extruded into films for formation of edible or biodegradable wraps or heat-sealed pouches. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Dept Food Engn, Fac Engn, Kamphaengsaen 73140, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sothornvit, R (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Food Engn, Fac Engn, Kamphaengsaen 73140, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. EM fengrns@ku.ac.th; jmkrochta@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 855 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 092CB UT WOS:000241073500014 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A AF Eggleston, Gillian Monge, Adrian TI How time between cleanings affects performance and sucrose losses in Robert's evaporators SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID COLD LIME CLARIFICATION; RAW SUGAR MANUFACTURE AB In U.S. sugarcane factories, multiple-body evaporator stations mostly consist of Robert's-type calandria (rising film) evaporators that are simple, robust and easy to operate, but are susceptible to scaling and require periodic cleanings. Scaling reduces heat transfer, but its effect on sucrose losses is unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted at a U.S. factory to determine the effects of time between evaporator cleanings on overall sucrose losses and evaporator performance. The factory operated two Robert's pre-evaporators in parallel, and three sets of triple-body Robert's evaporators in parallel. Each body was usually subjected to a 9-day cleaning cycle, and two cleaning cycles were studied in early and midseason, respectively. Gas chromatography was used to determine sucrose losses as Delta% glucose/% sucrose ratios. A wide range of 0.21-1.42% total sucrose losses to acid hydrolysis were measured across the station, which were affected by seasonal changes in clarified juice quality. Losses in the pre-evaporators were up to 98% of the total station losses in early season but decreased in midseason, and were more a function of temperature, heating surface, degrees Brix (% dissolved solids), scaling and pH than retention time (R-t). Scaling had a dramatic effect on increasing sucrose losses, because it causes increases in R(t)s as a result of decreased heat transfer coefficients and flow rates, and rises in the heating juice temperature to partially compensate for the reduced heat transfer in scaled tubes. For both pre-evaporators, as time between cleanings increased from 1 to 8 days, the amount of sucrose hydrolysis increased. In general, hydrolysis occurred in the first and second evaporator bodies only when scale had built up, i.e., > 6 days after the last cleaning, and became worse until the next cleaning. The contribution of sucrose losses to economic losses is described. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 52 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2007.00107.x PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124XE UT WOS:000243404700005 ER PT J AU Hill, JE McCaskey, PC Sutton, MT Hafner, S AF Hill, Joseph E. McCaskey, Patrick C. Sutton, Mary T. Hafner, Scott TI "Comparison of immunochemical (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of central nervous system tissue in meat products," a comment on: J-Food Prot. 69(3): 644-650 (2006) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hill, JE (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Eastern Lab, POB 6085, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 134LQ UT WOS:000244085000001 PM 17340858 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Guerini, MN Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Guerini, Michael N. Kalchayanand, Norasak Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Transportation and lairage environment effects on prevalence, numbers, and diversity of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on hides and carcasses of beef cattle at processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DIRECT-FED MICROBIALS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CONTAMINATION ROUTES; BOVINE FECES; SALMONELLA; PLANTS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; DECONTAMINATION AB Hide has been established as the main source of carcass contamination during cattle processing; therefore, it is crucial to minimize the amount of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cattle hides before slaughter. Several potential sources of E. coli O157: H7 are encountered during transportation and in the lairage environment at beef-processing facilities that could increase the prevalence and numbers of E coli O157:H7 on the hides of cattle. On three separate occasions, samples were obtained from cattle at the feedlot and again after cattle were stunned and exsanguinated at the processing plant (286 total animals). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on hides increased from 50.3 to 94.4% between the time cattle were loaded onto tractor-trailers at the feedlot and the time hides were removed in the processing plant. Before transport, nine animals had E. coli O157:H7 in high numbers (> 0.4 CFU/cm(2)) on their hides. When sampled at the slaughter facility, the number of animals with high hide numbers had increased to 70. Overall, only 29% of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates collected postharvest (221 of 764) matched pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types collected before transport. The results of this study indicate that transport to and lairage at processing plants can lead to increases in the prevalence and degree of E. coli O157:H7 contamination on hides and the number of E. coli O157:H7 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types associated with the animals. More study is needed to confirm the mechanism by which additional E. coli O157:H7 strains contaminate cattle hides during transport and lairage and to design interventions to prevent this contamination. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM arthur@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 280 EP 286 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 134LQ UT WOS:000244085000003 PM 17340859 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Jung, YS Oliver, CE Horrocks, SM Genovese, KJ Harvey, RB Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, Robin C. Jung, Yong S. Oliver, Christy E. Horrocks, Shane M. Genovese, Kenneth J. Harvey, Roger B. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Thomas S. Nisbet, David J. TI Effects of nitrate or nitro supplementation, with or without added chlorate, on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli in swine feces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORATE; O157-H7 POPULATIONS; IN-VITRO; DRINKING-WATER; PIGS; REDUCTION; PATHOGENS; 2-NITROPROPANOL; NITROCOMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATION AB The effects of coincubating the active agent of an experimental chlorate product with nitrate or select nitro compounds, possible inducers and competing substrates for the targeted respiratory nitrate reductase, on concentrations of experimentally inoculated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and indigenous Escherichia coli were determined. Studies were completed in swine fecal suspensions as a prelude to the administration of these inhibitors to pigs. Results confirmed the bactericidal effect of chlorate (5 to 10 mM) against these fecal enterobacteria, reducing (P < 0.05) concentrations by > 2 log CFU ml(-1) after 3 to 6 h of incubation. An effect (P < 0.05) of pH was observed, with considerable regrowth of Salmonella and E. coli occurring after 24 h of incubation in suspensions buffered to pH 7.1 but not in suspensions buffered to pH 6.5 or 5.6. A 24-h coincubation of fecal suspensions with 5 to 10 mM chlorate and as little as 2.5 mM nitrate or 10 to 20 mM 2-nitro-1-propanol, 2-nitroethanol, and, sometimes, nitroethane decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella but not necessarily E. coli concentrations. 2-Nitro-1-propanol and 2-nitroethanol exhibited inhibitory activity against Salmonella and E. coli by an undetermined mechanism, even in the absence of added chlorate. C1 USDA, ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 308 EP 315 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 134LQ UT WOS:000244085000007 PM 17340863 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Brichta-Harhay, DM Arthur, TM Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, Joseph M. Guerini, Michael N. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Arthur, Terrance M. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Microbiological characterization of imported and domestic boneless beef trim used for ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLEX PCR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PROCESSING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AB The United States imports lean boneless beef trim from Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZL), and Uruguay (URY) to meet demand for ground beef production. The reported incidence of and etiological agents responsible for foodborne diseases differ between these countries and the United States. Our objective was to determine whether current U.S. Microbiological profiling adequately addresses the potential differences between foreign and domestic beef trim. We compared the hygienic status of imported and domestic (USA) beef trim by enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. We also compared the prevalence of pathogens between imported and domestic samples by screening for the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC). A total of 1,186 samples (487 USA, 220 AUS, 223 NZL, and 256 URY) of boneless beef trim were analyzed. Results of enumeration revealed significant differences between samples from all countries, with the lowest pathogen numbers in samples from AUS and the highest in samples from URY. Six Salmonella isolates (1 NZL, 1 URY, and 4 USA), 79 L. monocytogenes isolates (4 AUS, 5 NZL, 53 URY, and 17 USA), and 7 Campylobacter isolates (1 NZL, 1 URY, 5 USA) were found among the trim samples tested. Non-O157 STEC prevalence was 10% in NZL samples and about 30% in all of the other samples; 99 STEC strains were isolated. Serotyping of these isolates revealed that serotypes associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome were not different in prevalence between imported and domestic beef trim. Although it may be tempting to do so, these data cannot be used to compare the microbiological quality of beef trim between the countries examined. However, these results indicate that the current pathogen monitoring procedures in the United States are adequate for evaluation of imported beef trim. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 440 EP 449 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 134LQ UT WOS:000244085000025 PM 17340881 ER PT J AU Jackson, AL O'Neill, H Maree, F Blignaut, B Carrillo, C Rodriguez, L Haydon, DT AF Jackson, A. L. O'Neill, H. Maree, F. Blignaut, B. Carrillo, C. Rodriguez, L. Haydon, D. T. TI Mosaic structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION; ERADICATION; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; AFRICA AB The results of a simple pairwise-scanning analysis designed to identify inter-serotype recombination fragments, applied to genome data from 156 isolates of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) representing all seven serotypes, are reported. Large numbers of candidate recombinant fragments were identified from all parts of the FMDV genome, with the exception of the capsid genes, within which such fragments are infrequent. As expected, intertypic fragment exchange is most common between geographically sympatric FMDV serotypes. After accounting for the likelihood of intertypic convergence in highly conserved parts of the FMDV genome, it is concluded that intertypic recombination is probably widespread throughout the non-structural genes, but that recombination over the 2B/C and 3B/C gene boundaries appears to be less frequent than expected, given the large numbers of recombinant gene fragments arising in these genes. C1 Univ Glasgow, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Exot Dis Div, ZA-0010 Onderstepoort, South Africa. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Haydon, DT (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM D.Haydon@bio.gla.ac.uk RI Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; O'Neill, Hester/G-1607-2014; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; O'Neill, Hester/0000-0002-5044-6081; Haydon, Daniel/0000-0002-1240-1886 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82555-0 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 133BR UT WOS:000243987100017 PM 17251567 ER PT J AU Crow, WT AF Crow, Wade T. TI A novel method for quantifying value in spaceborne soil moisture retrievals SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLAINS HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITATION; TIME; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; MODEL AB A novel methodology is introduced for quantifying the added value of remotely sensed soil moisture products for global land surface modeling applications. The approach is based on the assimilation of soil moisture retrievals into a simple surface water balance model driven by satellite-based precipitation products. Filter increments (i.e., discrete additions or subtractions of water suggested by the filter) are then compared to antecedent precipitation errors determined using higher-quality rain gauge observations. A synthetic twin experiment demonstrates that the correlation coefficient between antecedent precipitation errors and filter increments provides an effective proxy for the accuracy of the soil moisture retrievals themselves. Given the inherent difficulty of directly validating remotely sensed soil moisture products using ground-based observations, this assimilation-based proxy provides a valuable tool for efforts to improve soil moisture retrieval strategies and quantify the novel information content of remotely sensed soil moisture retrievals for land surface modeling applications. Using real spaceborne data, the approach is demonstrated for four different remotely sensed soil moisture datasets along two separate transects in the southern United States. Results suggest that the relative superiority of various retrieval strategies varies geographically. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1175/JHM553.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 142EL UT WOS:000244632100004 ER PT J AU Marko, MG Ahmed, T Bunnell, SC Wu, DY Chung, H Huber, BT Meydani, SN AF Marko, Melissa G. Ahmed, Tanvir Bunnell, Stephen C. Wu, Dayong Chung, Heekyung Huber, Brigitte T. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Age-associated decline in effective immune synapse formation of CD4(+) T cells is reversed by vitamin E supplementation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; OLD MICE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; IL-2 PRODUCTION; GLUTATHIONE SUPPLEMENTATION; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION; TCR/CD3 COMPLEX AB Aging is associated with reduced IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Vitamin E supplementation, in aged animals and humans, increases cell division and IL-2 production by naive T cells. The immune synapse forms at the site of contact between a T cell and an APC and participates in T cell activation. We evaluated whether vitamin E affects the redistribution of signaling proteins to the immune synapse. Purified CD4(+) T cells, from the spleens of young and old mice, were treated with vitamin E before stimulation with a surrogate APC expressing anti-CD3. Using confocal fluorescent microscopy, we observed that CD4(+) T cells from old mice were significantly less likely to recruit signaling proteins to the immune synapse than cells from young mice. Vitamin E increased the percentage of old CD4 T cells capable of forming an effective immune synapse. Similar results were found following in vivo supplementation with vitamin E. When compared with memory cells, naive T cells from aged mice were more defective in immune synapse formation and were more responsive to vitamin E supplementation. These data show, for the first time, that vitamin E significantly improves age-related early T cell signaling events in naive CD4(+) T cells. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG009140-10A1] NR 57 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 178 IS 3 BP 1443 EP 1449 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 130TC UT WOS:000243820900027 PM 17237392 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Parales, RE Spain, JC Johnson, GR AF He, Zhongqi Parales, Rebecca E. Spain, Jim C. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Novel organization of catechol meta pathway genes in the nitrobenzene degrader Comamonas sp JS765 and its evolutionary implication SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catechol; dehydrogenase; dioxygenase; hydroxymuconic semialdehyde; meta-pathway ID 2-HYDROXYMUCONIC SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; SP STRAIN JS765; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CATABOLIC PLASMID; CLEAVAGE PATHWAY; DEGRADATION; 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; ENZYMES AB The catechol meta cleavage pathway is one of the central metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds. A novel organization of the pathway genes, different from that of classical soil microorganisms, has been observed in Sphingomonas sp HV3 and Pseudomonas sp. DJ77. In a Comamonas sp. JS765, cdoE encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase shares a common ancestry only with tdnC of a Pseudomonas putida strain, while codG encoding 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase shows a higher degree of similarity to those genes in classical bacteria. Located between cdoE and cdoG are several putative genes, whose functions are unknown. These genes are not found in meta pathway operons of other microorganisms with the exception of cdoX2, which is similar to cmpX in strain HV3. Therefore, the gene cluster in JS765 reveals a third type of gene organization of the meta pathway. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0170-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 127US UT WOS:000243612400001 PM 16947040 ER PT J AU Barron, AB Maleszka, J Vander Meer, RK Robinson, GE Maleszka, R AF Barron, Andrew B. Maleszka, Joanna Vander Meer, Robert K. Robinson, Gene E. Maleszka, Ryszard TI Comparing injection, feeding and topical application methods for treatment of honeybees with octopamine SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honeybee; Apis mellifera; octopamine; pharmacology; biogenic amines ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; ABDOMINAL NERVE CORD; JUVENILE-HORMONE; AMERICAN COCKROACH; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; PERMEABILITY; INSECT; L. AB Entomologists have used a range of techniques to treat insects with neuroactive compounds, but it is not always clear whether different treatment methods are equally effective in delivering a compound to a target organ. Here, we used five different techniques to treat honeybees with (3)H-octopamine ((3)H-OA), and analysed the distribution of the (3)H radiolabelled compound within different tissues and how it changed over time. All treatment methods, including injection of the median ocellus, resulted in (3)H-OA detection in all parts of the honeybee. Injection through the median ocellus was the most effective method for delivering (3)H-OA to the brain. Topical application of (3)H-OA dissolved in dimethylformamide (dMF) to the thorax was as effective as thoracic injections of (3)H-OA in delivering (3)H-OA to the brain, but topical applications to the abdomen were less so. Most of the (3)H-OA applied topically remained associated with the cuticle and the tissues of the body segment to which it had been applied. For all treatment methods, (3)H-OA was rapidly lost from the brain and head capsule, and accumulated in the abdomen. Our findings demonstrate the value of thoracic topical treatment with compounds dissolved in dMF as an effective non-invasive method for short-term, systemic pharmacological treatments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Visual Sci & ARC Ctr Mol Genet Dev, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Barron, AB (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Visual Sci & ARC Ctr Mol Genet Dev, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM barron@rsbs.anu.edu.au RI Blow, joe/C-8616-2009; Maleszka, Ryszard/A-6078-2008 OI Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA019864] NR 36 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.11.009 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 144ST UT WOS:000244817200009 PM 17270208 ER PT J AU Preston, CA Fritz, GN Vander Meer, RK AF Preston, C. A. Fritz, G. N. Vander Meer, R. K. TI Prevalence of Thelohania solenopsae infected Solenopsis invicta newly mated queens within areas of differing social form distributions SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; Thelohania solenopsae; claustral founding; biological control ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; UNITED-STATES; GENE FLOW; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; MICROSPORIDIA; COLONIES; POLYGYNE; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS AB Newly mated queens (NMQs) originating from monogyne red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) colonies and following a mating flight, initiate new colonies by sealing themselves in a nuptial chamber and relying solely on their own fat and crop reserves, as well as no longer needed wing muscles to rear their first workers (claustral colony foundation). This method of colony-founding is rarely successful for polygyne-derived NMQs, whose low weight critically limits the number of first workers they are able to produce. However, this observation may be confounded by the parasitic microsporidium, Thelohania solenopsae, thus far found to persist only in association with polygyne colonies. Infections of this microsporidium reduce the weight of female alates and may explain why polygyne NMQs are unlikely to Successfully found colonies claustrally. NMQs collected following mating flights in Gainesville and Ocala, Florida were sorted by weight, checked for insemination and T solenopsae infection. Insemination levels were greater than 90% for all weight classes at both collection sites and were not related to infection. Infection levels were lower in Gainesville than Ocala, averaging 1.67% and 14.14%, respectively. Polygyne-derived NMQs collected in Ocala, defined here as weighing <= 12 mg (social form correctly assigned in 85% of samples examined by PCR), had the highest infection levels, 25.37% (17/67) in 2003 and 21.43% (6/28) in 2004. We conclude that infection by T solenopsae cannot be completely responsible for the inability of polygyne NMQs to claustrally establish colonies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Vander Meer, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bobvm@ufl.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.09.006 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 134UR UT WOS:000244110200006 PM 17112537 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR AF McLaughlin, M. R. TI Factors affecting iron sulfide-enhanced bacteriophage plaque assays in Salmonella (vol 67, pg 611, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 442 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.11.001 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 138SK UT WOS:000244382400038 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Barrangou-Poueys, R Breidt, F Fleming, HP AF Yoon, Sung-Sik Barrangou-Poueys, Roudolphe Breidt, Fred, Jr. Fleming, Henry P. TI Detection and characterization of a lytic Pediococcus bacteriophage from the fermenting cucumber brine SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pediococcus bacteriophage; lytic; detection; characterization; cucumber ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; CHEESE AB Of the twelve lytic bacteriophages recovered from five different fermenting cucumber tanks that were inoculated with Pediococcus sp. LA0281, a lytic phage, phi ps05, was characterized in the present study. The plaques were mostly clear and round-shaped on the lawn of starter strain, indicating lytic phage. Overall appearance indicated that it belongs to the Siphoviridae family or Bradley's group B I, with a small isometric head and a flexible noncontractile tail with swollen base plate. The average size was found to be 51.2 nm in head diameter and 11.6 nm wide x 129.6 nm long for the tail. The single-step growth kinetics curve showed that the eclipse and the latent period were 29 min and 34 min, respectively, and an average burst size was calculated to be 12 particles per infective center. The optimum proliferating temperature (35 degrees C) was slightly lower than that of cell growth (35 to 40 degrees C). The structural proteins revealed by SDS-PAGE consisted of one main protein of 33 kDa and three minor proteins of 85, 58, and 52 kDa. The phage genome was a linear double-stranded DNA without cohesive ends. Based on the single and double digestion patterns obtained by EcoRI, HindIII, and SalI, the physical map was constructed. The overall size of the phage genome was estimated to be 24.1 kb. The present report describes the presence of a lytic phage active against a commercial starter culture Pediococcus sp. LA0281 in cucumber fermentation, and a preliminary study characterizes the phage on bacterial successions in the process of starter-added cucumber fermentation. C1 Yonsei Univ, Inst Funct Biomat & Biotechnol, Wonju, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Biol Resources & Technol, Wonju 220710, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Inst Funct Biomat & Biotechnol, Wonju, South Korea. EM sungsik@yonsei.ac.kr RI Barrangou, Rodolphe/I-2878-2014 OI Barrangou, Rodolphe/0000-0002-0648-3504 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 262 EP 270 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 141NL UT WOS:000244585500010 PM 18051757 ER PT J AU Corella, D Lai, CQ Demissie, S Cupples, LA Manning, AK Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Lai, Chao-Qiang Demissie, Serkalem Cupples, L. Adrienne Manning, Alisa K. Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. TI APOA5 gene variation modulates the effects of dietary fat intake on body mass index and obesity risk in the Framingham Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM LA English DT Article DE APOA5; obesity; body weight; fat intake; nutrigenetics ID APOLIPOPROTEIN A5 GENE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LIPID-METABOLISM; HDL CHOLESTEROL; PARTICLE-SIZE; POLYMORPHISM AB Diet is an important environmental factor interacting with our genes to modulate the likelihood of developing lipid disorders and, consequently, cardiovascular disease risk. Our objective was to study whether dietary intake modulates the association between APOA5 gene variation and body weight in a large population-based study. Specifically, we have examined the interaction between the APOA5-1131T > C and 56C > G (S19W) polymorphisms and the macronutrient intake ( total fat, carbohydrate, and protein) in their relation to the body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk in 1,073 men and 1,207 women participating in the Framingham Offspring Study. We found a consistent and statistically significant interaction between the APOA5-1131T > C single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP; but not the 56C > G) and total fat intake for BMI. This interaction was dose-dependent, and no statistically significant heterogeneity by gender was detected. In subjects homozygous for the - 1131T major allele, BMI increased as total fat intake increased. Conversely, this increase was not present in carriers of the - 1131C minor allele. Accordingly, we found significant interactions in determining obesity and overweight risks. APOA5-1131C minor allele carriers had a lower obesity risk ( OR, 0.61, 95%; CI, 0.39 - 0.98; P= 0.032) and overweight risk ( OR, 0.63, 95%; CI, 0.41-0.96; P= 0.031) compared with TT subjects in the high fat intake group (>= 30% of energy) but not when fat intake was low ( OR, 1.16, 95%; CI, 0.77-1.74; P= 0.47 and OR=1.15, 95%; CI, 0.77-1.71; P= 0.48) for obesity and overweight, respectively). When specific fatty acid groups were analyzed, monounsaturated fatty acids showed the highest statistical significance for these interactions. In conclusion, the APOA5-1131T > C SNP, which is present in approximately 13% of this population, modulates the effect of fat intake on BMI and obesity risk in both men and women. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776, N01-HC-25195] NR 47 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2716 J9 J MOL MED-JMM JI J. Mol. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s00109-006-0147-0 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 137NS UT WOS:000244299900004 PM 17211608 ER PT J AU Frank, JW Escobar, J Nguyen, HV Jobgen, SC Jobgen, WS Davis, TA Wu, G AF Frank, Jason W. Escobar, Jeffery Nguyen, Hanh V. Jobgen, Scott C. Jobgen, Wenjuan S. Davis, Teresa A. Wu, Guoyao TI Oral N-carbamylglutamate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; NEONATAL PIGS; GROWING PIGS; ARGININE; GROWTH; MILK; SOMATOTROPIN; ENTEROCYTES; METABOLISM; CITRULLINE AB This study investigated the potential mechanisms by which oral supplementation of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), an analogue of endogenous N-acetylglutamate (an activator of arginine synthesis) increases growth rate in sow-reared piglets. Two piglets of equal body weight (BW) and of the same gender from each lactating sow were allotted to receive oral administration of 0 (control) or 50 ring of NCG/kg BW every 12 h for 7 d. Piglets (n = 32, BW = 3 kg) were studied in the food-deprived or fed state following the 7 d of treatment. Overnight food-deprived piglets were given NCG or water (control) at time 0 and 60 min. Piglets studied in the fed state were gavage-fed sow's milk with their respective NCG treatment at 0 and 60 min. At 60 min, the piglets were administered a flooding dose of [H-3]phenylalanine and killed at 90 min to measure tissue protein synthesis. Piglets treated with NCG gained 28% more weight than control pigs (P < 0.001) over the 7-d period. Fed pigs had greater rates of protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi and gastrocnemius muscles and duodenum compared with food-deprived pigs (P < 0.001). Absolute protein synthesis rates in longissimus dorsi (P = 0.050) and gastrocnemius (P = 0.068) muscles were 30 and 21% greater, respectively, in NCG-treated compared with control pigs. Piglets supplemented with NCG also had greater plasma concentrations of arginine and somatotropin than control pigs (P < 0.001). The results suggest that oral NCG supplementation increases plasma arginine and somatotropin levels, leading to an increase in growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Frank, JW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jfrank@uark.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01-AR-44474] NR 31 TC 60 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 130DM UT WOS:000243779600005 PM 17237304 ER PT J AU Jin, CJ Park, HK Cho, YM Pak, YK Lee, KU Kim, MS Friso, S Choi, SW Park, KS Lee, HK AF Jin, Cheng Ji Park, Hyeong Kyu Cho, Young Min Pak, Youngmi Kim Lee, Ki-Up Kim, Min Seon Friso, Simonetta Choi, Sang-Woon Park, Kyong Soo Lee, Hong Kyu TI S-adenosyl-L-methionine increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA density and whole body insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; TOKUSHIMA FATTY RAT; HEALTHY-YOUNG MEN; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; THRIFTY GENOME; MODEL; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; TRANSSULFURATION AB Both mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Evidence also suggests that metabolism of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor for biological methylation, is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. We investigated the effect of SAM on mtDNA density and insulin sensitivity using the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. To determine the short-term effect on mtDNA density, SAM (15 mg center dot kg(-1) center dot d(-1)) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 d to 6 male, 57-wk-old OLETF rats and 6 Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats of the same age as a nondiabetic control. To determine the long-term effect, the same dose of SAM was administered daily to 5 male, 6-wk-old OLETF rats until the age of 25 wk; 7 control OLETF rats received vehicle and 7 LETO rats were untreated. Skeletal muscle mtDNA density was measured by either competitive or multiplex PCR and insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. SAM treatment for 1 wk increased skeletal muscle mtDNA density of both OLETF and LETO rats. The long-term SAM treatment significantly reduced body weight gain as well as increased skeletal muscle mtDNA density and whole body insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats compared with their vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, in all 3 groups, skeletal muscle mtDNA density correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.752, P < 0.001). In conclusion, SAM treatment increased mtDNA density in the skeletal muscle, improved whole body insulin sensitivity, and prevented body weight gain in OLETF rats. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 110744, South Korea. Soonchunhyang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Puchon 420767, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 138736, South Korea. Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, Vitamens & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Butrit Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 110744, South Korea. EM hkleemd@snu.ac.kr RI Cho, Young Min/J-5669-2012; Park, Kyong Soo/C-2265-2008 OI Park, Kyong Soo/0000-0003-3597-342X NR 42 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 130DM UT WOS:000243779600009 PM 17237308 ER PT J AU Seaverson, EL Buell, JS Fleming, DJ Bermudez, OI Potischman, N Wood, RJ Chasan-Taber, L Tucker, KL AF Seaverson, Erin L. Buell, Jennifer S. Fleming, Diana J. Bermudez, Odilia I. Potischman, Nancy Wood, Richard J. Chasan-Taber, Lisa Tucker, Katherine L. TI Poor iron status is more prevalent in Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white older adults in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN FINNISH MEN; HEART-STUDY COHORT; SERUM FERRITIN; NONHEME-IRON; HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY POPULATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; UNITED-STATES; STORES AB Iron status and dietary correlates of iron status have not been well described in Hispanic older adults of Caribbean origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate iron status and describe dietary components and correlates of iron status in Hispanic older adults and in a neighborhood-based comparison group of non-Hispanic white older adults. Six hundred four Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults (59-91 y of age) from the Massachusetts Hispanic Elders Study were included in the analysis. We examined physiological markers of iron status as well as dietary factors in relation to iron status. Dietary intake was assessed by FFQ. Our results revealed that Hispanics had significantly lower geometric mean serum ferritin (74.1 mu g/L vs. 100 mu g/L; P < 0.001), lower hemoglobin concentrations (137 +/- 13 vs. 140 +/- 12 mu g/L; P < 0.01), higher prevalence of anemia (11.5 vs. 7.3%; P < 0.05), and suboptimal hemoglobin concentrations (< 125 g/L) for this age group (21.4 vs. 13.3%, P < 0.05). Iron deficiency anemia was higher (7.2% vs. 2.3%; P < 0.05) in Hispanic women. Hispanics had lower mean intakes of total iron, vitamin C, supplemental vitamin C, and total calcium than did non-Hispanic whites. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, alcohol use, smoking, total energy intake, inflammation, diabetes, and liver disease, intake of heme iron from red meat was positively associated and dietary calcium was negatively associated with serum ferritin. This population of Hispanic older adults was significantly more likely than their non-Hispanic white neighbors to suffer from anemia and poor iron status, particularly among women. Cultural variation in dietary patterns may influence iron availability and body iron stores and contribute to an increased risk for iron deficiency anemia among some Hispanic older adults. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayers USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gearld J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayers USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG023394, AG10425, P01 AG023394] NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 130DM UT WOS:000243779600021 PM 17237320 ER PT J AU Bailey, RL Mitchell, DC Miller, CK Still, CD Jensen, GL Tucker, KL Smiciklas-Wright, H AF Bailey, Regan L. Mitchell, Diane C. Miller, Carla K. Still, Christopher D. Jensen, Gordon L. Tucker, Katherine L. Smiciklas-Wright, Helen TI A dietary screening questionnaire identifies dietary patterns in older adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MINI NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; OBESITY; CANCER; WOMEN; HEALTHY; MEN AB Dietary patterns reflect habitual exposure of foods and nutrients and are a preferred means to assess diet and disease relations. Our objective was to design a screening tool to assess diet quality and dietary patterns among older adults and to relate the patterns to markers of general health and nutrition status. We used a population-specific data-based approach to design a diet screening instrument that was tested among subjects sampled from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study cohort (n = 205). All participants attended a local clinic and had biochemical, anthropometric, and other health data collected. Dietary information was obtained via 24-h recall. We used principle components analysis to derive dietary patterns, which were then compared with nutritional outcomes using Pearson partial correlations, controlling for energy, age, BMI, and supplement use. Two dietary patterns were derived; 1 represented by more healthful foods and I by less optimal food choices. The healthy pattern was associated with more favorable biomarkers, more nutrient-dense diets, and lower waist circumference, whereas the converse was true for the second pattern. A screening tool can be used by older adults to identify dietary patterns that may relate to nutritional risk. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Diabet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Geisinger Hlth Syst, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bailey, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM rkb119@psu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00048, R21AG023179-01A1] NR 61 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 137 IS 2 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 130DM UT WOS:000243779600022 PM 17237321 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Newman, SM AF Johnson, W. Thomas Newman, Samuel M., Jr. TI Hearts in adult offspring of copper-deficient dams exhibit decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity, increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation and enhanced formation of intracellular residual bodies SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; pregnancy; heart; mitochondria; cytochrome c oxidase; rat pups ID OXYGEN-FREE RADICALS; UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE; RATS; LIPOFUSCIN; DISEASE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTION; EXPRESSION; RELEASE; NUCLEAR AB The long-term effects of low dietary copper (Cu) intake during pregnancy and lactation on cardiac mitochondria in first-generation adult rats was examined. Rat dams were fed diets containing either low (1 mg/kg Cu) or adequate (6 mg/kg Cu) levels of dietary Cu beginning 3 weeks before conception and ending 3 weeks after birth. Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity was 51% lower in isolated cardiac mitochondria from 21-day-old offspring of Cu-deficient dams than in the offspring of Cu-adequate dams. CCO activities in the cardiac mitochondria of 63- and 290-day-old offspring were 22% lower and 14% lower, respectively, in the offspring of Cu-deficient dams after they had been repleted with adequate dietary Cu from the time they were 21 days old. Electron micrographs showed that the size of residual bodies and the cellular volume they occupied in cardiomyocytes rose significantly between 63 and 290 days in the Cu-repleted offspring of Cu-deficient dams, but not in the offspring of Cu-adequate dams. The rate of hydrogen peroxide generation by cardiac mitochondria also was 24% higher in the 290-day-old repleted offspring of Cu-deficient dams than in the offspring of Cu-adequate dams. The increase in hydrogen peroxide production by cardiac mitochondria and in the relative volume and size of dense deposits in cardiomyocytes is consistent with increased oxidative stress and damage resulting from prolonged reduction of CCO activity in the offspring of Cu-deficient dams. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.03.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 129XL UT WOS:000243763300003 PM 16713228 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, Ronald TI Tamara Vladimirovna Beyer - 1932-2006 - In memoriam SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 31 EP 31 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2007)93[31:TVB]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 150MR UT WOS:000245221400005 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Gennari, SM Sundar, N Vianna, MCB Bandini, LM Yai, LEO Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Gennari, S. M. Sundar, N. Vianna, M. C. B. Bandini, L. M. Yai, L. E. O. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Diverse and atypical genotypes identified in Toxoplasma gondii from dogs in Sao Paulo, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; CATS; STRAINS; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; OOCYSTS; MICE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 118 unwanted dogs from Sao Paulo City, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 42 (35.8%) dogs, with titers of 1:20 in 10, 1:40 in 6, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 6, 1:640 in 7, and 1:1,280 or higher in 3. Hearts and brains of 36 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in mice, or cats, or both. Tissues from 20 seropositive dogs were fed to 20 T. gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 15 dogs by a bioassay in mice, from the brain alone of 1, from the heart alone of 4, and from both brains and hearts of 10. All infected mice from 5 of 15 isolates died of toxoplasmosis during primary infection. Four additional isolates were obtained by bioassay in cats. Genotyping of these 19 T. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and a new SAG2 (an apicoplast marker Apico) revealed 12 genotypes. One isolate had Type III alleles at all 11 loci, and the remaining 18 isolates contained a combination of different alleles and were divided into 11 genotypes. The absence of Type II in Brazil was confirmed. The result supports previous findings that T. gondii population genetics is highly diverse in Brazil. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1645/GE-972R.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 150MR UT WOS:000245221400009 PM 17436942 ER PT J AU Quiros-Tejeira, RE Rivera, CA Ziba, TT Mehta, N Smith, CW Butte, NF AF Quiros-Tejeira, Ruben E. Rivera, Chantal A. Ziba, Taonga T. Mehta, Nitesh Smith, C. Wayne Butte, Nancy F. TI Risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanic youth with BMI >= 95th percentile SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hepatic disease; obesity; insulin resistance; hypertriglyceridemia; inflammation ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; OBESE CHILDREN; BODY-COMPOSITION; AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTIONS; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; JAPANESE CHILDREN AB Objectives: To characterize children at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore possible mechanisms underlying the development of NAFLD in Hispanic youth with a body mass index >= 95th percentile. Patients and Methods: Hispanic nonoverweight (n = 475) and overweight (n = 517) children, ages 4 to 19 y, were characterized in terms of body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), maturation (Tanner stage), diet (24-h recall), physical activity (accelerometry), fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), and biochemical profile (fasting alanine aminotransferase [ALT], glucose, insulin, and lipids; inflammation markers such as adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; and total antioxidants) using standard laboratory techniques. Risk for NAFLD was defined by fasting serum ALT values > 97.5th percentile for age- and sex-specific reference values. Results: Fasting serum ALT was elevated in 24% of overweight children and in only 4% of nonoverweight children. Therefore, to identify risk factors associated with elevated ALT, the remaining statistical analysis was restricted to the overweight group. The percentage of overweight children with elevated ALT did not differ by sex, age, or Tanner stage. Weight, body mass index, z score, waist-to-hip ratio, fat-free mass, fat mass, and percent truncal fat mass were higher in the overweight children with elevated ALT. Fasting insulin, glucose, and homeostasis model-insulin resistance were higher in the overweight children with elevated ALT, as were triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and triiodothyronine. Fasting serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly higher and adiponectin was lower in the overweight children with elevated ALT. Conclusions: The risk for developing NAFLD was high in the overweight Hispanic children. The proportion of "at risk" children was not influenced by gender, age, or maturation. The risk for elevated ALT was predicted by the severity of obesity, central adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone, and systemic inflammation. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264, R03 DK066109] NR 68 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31802d4acc PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 131EU UT WOS:000243851900014 PM 17255837 ER PT J AU Jadhav, U Ezhilarasan, R Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Mohanam, S AF Jadhav, Unmesh Ezhilarasan, Ravesanker Vaughn, Steven F. Berhow, Mark A. Mohanam, Sanjeeva TI Dietary isothiocyanate iberin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE iberin; glioblastoma; apoptosis ID PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; CYCLE ARREST; A/J MOUSE; SULFORAPHANE; CANCER; LUNG; CHEMOPREVENTION; CARCINOGENESIS; RATS; MICE AB In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of the isothiocyanate iberin, a bioactive agent in Brassicaceae species, in human glioblastoma cells. The human glioblastoma cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of iberin and tested for growth inhibition, cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and activation of caspases. Iberin inhibited growth of tumor cells in cell proliferation assays, enhanced cytotoxicity, and induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Findings from this study could provide a basis for potential usefulness of the diet-derived isothlocyanate iberin as a promising therapeutic micronutrient in the prevention / intervention of brain tumors. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohanam, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Canc Biol & Pharmacol, 1 Illini Dr, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. EM smohanam@uic.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 103 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1254/jphs.SC0060148 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 140IB UT WOS:000244497000019 PM 17310076 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhu, HY Petrovic, N Gonsalves, D AF Ling, K. -S. Zhu, H. -Y. Petrovic, N. Gonsalves, D. TI Serological detection of Grapevine leafroll virus 2 using an antiserum developed against the recombinant coat protein SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE closterovirus; electron microscopy; ELISA; Vitis vinifera; western blot ID GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL DISEASE; POLYCLONAL ANTISERUM; VIRUS; POTATO; INDIA; ELISA AB Grapevine leafroll associated virus 2 (GLRaV 2) is one of the important components in the leafroll disease complex. The coat protein gene of GLRaV 2 was cloned into a protein expression vector pMAL-c2x and the recombinant protein, consisting of the maltose binding protein (MBP) and GLRaV 2 coat protein (CP), was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant MBP-CP was used to raise a high quality antiserum. When used in Western blot analysis, the anti-MBP-CP antiserum produced specific reaction to the recombinant protein as well as to the viral coat protein of GLRaV 2. In Immunosorbent electron microscopy study, the anti-MBP-CP antibodies strongly decorated the GLRaV 2 virions. Using the newly developed antiserum, an indirect plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was developed and successfully implemented for virus detection. A field survey was conducted to evaluate the virus infection status by GLRaV 2 and GLRaV 3 using antibodies developed against their respective recombinant coat proteins. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Biol, Dept Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM kling@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 155 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01179.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 127CM UT WOS:000243562900001 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Paik, HY Joung, HJ Woodhouse, LR Li, SJ King, JC AF Kim, Jihye Paik, Hee Young Joung, Hyojee Woodhouse, Leslie R. Li, Shanji King, Janet C. TI Effect of dietary phytate on zinc homeostasis in young and elderly Korean women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE dietary phytate; zinc homeostasis; zinc absorption; endogenous zinc excretion; isotope dilution technique ID PREGNANT MALAWIAN WOMEN; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MOLAR RATIOS; ABSORPTION; CHILDREN; CALCIUM; HUMANS; COPPER AB Background: Previous studies suggest that consumption of predominantly plant-based diets with high phytate content contribute to zinc deficiency by inhibiting zinc absorption. Age of the individual may also affect the ability to maintain zinc homeostasis. Objective: This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary phytate on zinc homeostasis and to evaluate the effect of age on the capacity to maintain the zinc homeostasis with changes in dietary phytate in young and elderly Korean women. Design and Methods: Seven healthy young women (22-24 yr) and 10 healthy elderly women (66-75 yr) were studied consecutively for 3 months in 2 metabolic periods (MP) in two different metabolic units. During MP1 the women consumed a high phytate (HP) diet (P:Zn molar ratio = 23) for 9 days. After a 10 d wash-out period at home eating their usual diets, a lower phytate diet (LP) (P:Zn molar ratio = 10) was fed in MP2 for 9 d. Phytase was added to selected foods in the high phytate diet to reduce the phytate content of the meals in the LP period. The zinc content of both diets was about 6.5 mg/d. Stable isotopes of Zn (Zn-70) were administered intravenously on d 5 of MP I and 2 for measuring endogenous fecal zinc excretion. Plasma samples were also collected on d 5 for measuring plasma zinc concentrations by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). 24 hr urine samples were collected for 5 d and complete fecal samples were collected for 9 d after isotope administration. Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) was calculated from mass balance corrected for endogenous fecal zinc (EFZ) excretion and EFZ was determined by using an isotopic dilution technique. Isotopic ratios for FZA and EFZ were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analyses were done using ANOVA. Results: Both the young and elderly women were in negative zinc balance during the HP period. This was due to a significant decrease in FZA and total absorbed zinc (TAZ) with a HP diet (43 vs 22% in young women, 34 vs 20% in elderly women, p < 0.00 1). EFZ excretion did not differ in the young and elderly women during the LP and HP periods. Dietary phytate did not alter plasma zinc concentrations or and urinary zinc excretion in either group. Conclusions: Adjustments in zinc homeostasis with an increase in dietary phytate did not differ between young and elderly women in this study. C1 Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 151, South Korea. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 147KJ UT WOS:000245001600001 PM 17353577 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Diet, heart disease, and the role of the registered dietitian SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHOLESTEROL; FAT C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@Tufts.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 107 IS 2 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.11.039 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 132BU UT WOS:000243917900011 PM 17258955 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, N Cooke, P AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, N. Cooke, Peter TI Effects of drying processes and fatliquring on resiliency of leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GLUTARALDEHYDE AB Resiliency is the important quality characterizing the dimensional stability of leather. It expresses the ability of materials such as leather to recover from deformation after being subjected to a strain or stress. Resiliency is particularly important to automotive upholstery makers because poor recovery from deformation will create bagginess in car seats made with upholstery leather. We have designed a tensile method to characterize the resiliency of leather. Measurements showed that the resiliency of chrome-tanned leather is superior to chrome-free leather. Our studies also indicated that the physical properties of leather, particularly resiliency, were affected significantly by the drying and fatliquoring processes. Observations revealed that toggle drying may impair the resiliency of leather, while vacuum drying produced the best resilient leather in this study. In addition, data indicated that there is a close relationship between resiliency and fracture energy of leather. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 136HM UT WOS:000244213200004 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Scott, KM AF Haas, Michael J. Scott, Karen M. TI Moisture removal substantially improves the efficiency of in situ biodiesel production from soybeans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; fats and oils utilization; fatty acid ester; in situ transesterification; transesterification ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; VEGETABLE-OILS AB In an effort to reduce the production cost of biodiesel, we previously described an approach termed "in situ transesterification" wherein the transesterification of a vegetable oil occurred directly in its raw agricultural material. In that method, substantial quantities of reagents were required to achieve high-efficiency transesterification. Here we report that by drying the substrate a marked reduction in the reagent requirements was achieved. Reaction conditions for maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production were identified using statistical experimental design methods. In 16-h reactions with 5 g of flakes (2.6% moisture) and 18 mL of 0.10 N NaOH in methanol, 97% theoretical maximum transesterification was achieved. For dry flakes, optimal transesterification was achieved in 10 h in reactions containing 5 g of flakes and 12 mL of 0.10 N NaOH in methanol. This represented a 60% reduction in methanol and a 56% reduction in NaOH use compared with the transesterification of full-moisture flakes. Under these conditions the degree of transesterification was 100% of the theoretical maximum. The transesterification of 20 kg of flakes with a moisture content of 0.8% was conducted under optimal reaction conditions. Both triacylglycerols (TAG) and phosphoacylglycerols (PL) were transesterified to high degrees, with an overall efficiency of 97.3% of the maximum theoretical efficiency. PL were not detected in the flakes following transesterification, and the amount of remaining unreacted TAG was only 1.0% of that input. Following washes with water, 0.5 M NaCl, and dilute NaOH, the recovered FAME met the ASTM specifications for biodiesel. The tocopherol levels of the FAME exceeded by 76% those of a representative commercial biodiesel. Soy flakes retained 97% of their protein following in situ transesterification. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mhaas@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 84 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1024-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 138YP UT WOS:000244399500012 ER PT J AU Johnson, AC Edwards, RT Erhardt, R AF Johnson, A. C. Edwards, R. T. Erhardt, R. TI Ground-water response to forest harvest: Implications for hillslope stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest; harvest impact; wells; landslides; sediment delivery; watershed management ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SLOPE STABILITY; WESTERN OREGON; CEDAR DECLINE; LANDSLIDES; CATCHMENT; MORTALITY; RANGE; STEEP; OLD AB Timber harvest may contribute to increased landsliding frequency through increased soil saturation or loss of soil strength as roots decay. This study assessed the effects of forest harvest on hillslope hydrology and linked hydrologic change before and after harvest with a simple model of hillslope stability. Observations of peak water table heights in 56 ground-water monitoring wells showed that soil saturation levels on hillslopes differed significantly with harvest intensity at one of the two study locations following 25%, 75%, and 100% harvest. Before the forest was cut 100%, the average rainfall needed for 50% saturation of the soil was 54 mm, but after clearcutting soils reached an equivalent saturation with 61% less rainfall (21 mm). Hillslope stability model results indicate that shallow soils at both study locations, with slopes generally < 30 degrees (58%), were not steep enough to be affected significantly by observed increases in saturation. The stability model indicates that with 100% harvest, there is a 7% reduction in the factor of safety for slope gradients of 35 degrees (70%) with soil depths of 1.25 m. Forest managers may be aided by an understanding that variable hydrologic effects may result from similar forest harvests having different landscape position, land contributing area, and soil depths. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Wrangell, AK 99929 USA. RP Johnson, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ajohnson03@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00011.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900011 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Dalzell, BJ Mulla, DJ AF Gowda, P. H. Dalzell, B. J. Mulla, D. J. TI Model based nitrate TMDLs for two agricultural watersheds of southeastern Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; tile drainage; ADAPT model; BMPs ID NITROGEN; DEPTH; FERTILIZATION; DRAINAGE; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; CROP AB In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial-process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994-96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located 2 in south-central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r(2) coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios included: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg/ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg/ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. Trends towards increases in tile-drained crop land imply that attaining nitrate TMDLs in future may require other alternative management practices in addition to fertilizer management such as partial conversion of crop land to pasture. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pgowda@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00020.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 139KE UT WOS:000244429900020 ER PT J AU Harris, SS Link, CL Tennstedt, SL Kusek, JW McKinlay, JB AF Harris, Susan S. Link, Carol L. Tennstedt, Sharon L. Kusek, John W. McKinlay, John B. TI Care seeking and treatment for urinary incontinence in a diverse population SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY MAY 21-26, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Urol Assoc DE bladder; urinary incontinence; questionnaires; patient acceptance of health care ID HEALTH-CARE; NEGLECTED PROBLEM; HELP-SEEKING; COMMUNITY; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; SERVICES; PEOPLE AB Purpose: We examined care seeking and treatment for urine leakage in the Boston Area Community Health Survey, a racially and ethnically diverse, community based study of urological and gynecological symptoms and their correlates. Materials and Methods: Boston Area Community Health Survey used a multistage, stratified cluster design to enroll 5,506 black, Hispanic and white adults. Subjects were 30 to 79 years old and residents of Boston, Massachusetts. Data were obtained during a 2-hour in home interview. Analyses for this report include the 331 women and 128 men who reported weekly incontinence, defined as urine leakage that occurred 1 or more times weekly in the last year. Results: Of women 45% and 22% of men with weekly incontinence reported ever having sought care for it. Of those who sought care 60% reported receiving treatment and half of those who were treated continued to have daily leakage. Of treated women 50% and 40% of treated men reported moderate to great frustration with continued urine leakage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the majority of men and women who experience weekly urinary incontinence do not seek care for it, many who sought treatment believe that none was provided and many who received treatment continue to have troubling symptoms. The public should be educated to seek care for urine leakage, health care providers should take the initiative to ask their patients about urinary symptoms and more attention should be given to ensuring that, when treatment is given, it is appropriate and effective. C1 New England Res Inst, Inst Community Hlth Studies, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McKinlay, JB (reprint author), New England Res Inst, Inst Community Hlth Studies, 9 Galen St, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM jmckinlay@neriscience.com FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK 56842] NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 177 IS 2 BP 680 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.045 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 125PI UT WOS:000243453900056 PM 17222656 ER PT J AU Peterson, DW Reich, PB Wrage, KJ AF Peterson, D. W. Reich, P. B. Wrage, K. J. TI Plant functional group responses to fire frequency and tree canopy cover gradients in oak savannas and woodlands SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cedar creek natural history area; disturbance ecology; fire ecology; forb; prescribed fire; grass; savanna restoration; woody plant ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; N AVAILABILITY; MINNESOTA; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Questions: How do fire frequency, tree canopy cover, and their interactions influence cover of grasses, forbs and understorey woody plants in oak savannas and woodlands? Location: Minnesota, USA. Methods: We measured plant functional group cover and tree canopy cover on permanent plots within a long-term prescribed fire frequency experiment and used hierarchical linear modeling to assess plant functional group responses to fire frequency and tree canopy cover. Results: Understorey woody plant cover was highest in unburned woodlands and was negatively correlated with fire frequency. C-4-grass cover was positively correlated with fire frequency and negatively correlated with tree canopy cover. C-4-grass cover was highest at 40% tree canopy cover on unburned sites and at 60% tree canopy cover on frequently burned sites. Total forb cover was maximized at fire frequencies of 4-7 fires per decade, but was not significantly influenced by tree canopy cover. Cover of N-fixing forbs was highest in shaded areas, particularly on frequently burned sites, while combined cover of all other forbs was negatively correlated with tree canopy cover. Conclusions: The relative influences of fire frequency and tree canopy cover on understorey plant functional group cover vary among plant functional groups, but both play a significant role in structuring savanna and woodland understorey vegetation. When restoring degraded savannas, direct manipulation of overstorey tree canopy cover should be considered to rapidly reduce shading from fire-resistant overstorey trees. Prescribed fires can then be used to suppress understorey woody plants and promote establishment of light-demanding grasses and forbs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM davepeterson@fs.fed.us; preich@umn.edu RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 25 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02510.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 153IZ UT WOS:000245427300002 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA McArthur, NH Welsh, TH AF Carroll, J. A. McArthur, N. H. Welsh, T. H., Jr. TI In vitro and In vivo temporal aspects of ACTH secretion: Stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES A-PHYSIOLOGY PATHOLOGY CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR-PITUITARY-CELLS; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN SECRETION; FARM-ANIMALS; STRESS; SHEEP; CORTISOL; PLASMA; CRH; AVP AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate the temporal aspects associated with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) stimulated bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro studies, bovine anterior pituitary glands were enzymatically dispersed to establish primary cultures. On day 5 of culture, cells were challenged for 3 h with medium alone (Control) or various combinations and concentrations of bovine CRH (bCRH) and VP. Both CRH and VP each increased (P < 0.05) ACTH secretion. Maximal increases in ACTH secretion occurred in response to 0.1 mu M CRH (5.5-fold) and 1 mu M VP (3.7-fold), relative to Control cells. The in vivo portion of the study examined possible temporal differences in the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by CRH and VP. Jersey cows were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 8 cows/group): (i) Control (saline); (ii) bCRH (0.3 mu g/kg BW); (iii) VP (1 mu g/kg BW) and (iv) bCRH (0.3 mu g/kg BW) + VP (1 mu g/kg BW). Jugular blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h pre- and for 6 h post-treatment; samples were also taken at 1, 5 and 10 min post-treatment. Plasma concentration of ACTH did not differ among treatment groups for the 4-h pre-treatment period. At 1 min post-treatment, bCRH + VP, VP and bCRH increased ACTH secretion by 22.4-, 9.6- and 2.2-fold, respectively, relative to Control (32.7 +/- 7.2 pg/ml). Maximal plasma concentration of ACTH occurred at 5, 10 and 15 min post-treatment for the VP (1017.7 +/- 219.9 pg/ml), bCRH + VP (1399.8 +/- 260.1 pg/ml) and bCRH (324.8 +/- 126.2 pg/ml) treatment groups respectively. Both the in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that while VP acutely activates the bovine pituitary-adrenal axis, CRH-induced ACTH secretion is slower in onset but of longer duration. The present study also provides insight into the dynamics of ACTH and cortisol (CS) responsiveness to CRH and VP in cattle. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Welsh, TH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM twelsh@cvm.tamu.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-184X J9 J VET MED A JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. A-Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00908.x PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 129UK UT WOS:000243755400002 PM 17359448 ER PT J AU Cauthen, AN Swayne, DE Sekellick, MJ Marcus, PI Suarez, DL AF Cauthen, Angela N. Swayne, David E. Sekellick, Margaret J. Marcus, Philip I. Suarez, David L. TI Amelioration of influenza virus pathogenesis in chickens attributed to the enhanced interferon-inducing capacity of a virus with a truncated NS1 gene SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; A VIRUSES; AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; MESSENGER-RNAS; B VIRUSES; PROTEIN; CELLS; INDUCTION AB Avian influenza virus (AIV) A/turkey/Oregon/71-SEPRL (TK/OR/71-SEPRL) (H7N3) encodes a full-length NS1 protein and is a weak inducer of interferon (IFN). A variant, TK/OR/71-delNS1 (H7N3), produces a truncated NS1 protein and is a strong inducer of IFN. These otherwise genetically related variants differ 20-fold in their capacities to induce IFN in primary chicken embryo cells but are similar in their sensitivities to the action of IFN. Furthermore, the weak IFN-inducing strain actively suppresses IFN induction in cells that are otherwise programmed to produce it. These phenotypic differences are attributed to the enhanced IFN-inducing capacity that characterizes type A influenza virus strains that produce defective NS1 protein. The pathogenesis of these two variants was evaluated in 1-day-old and 4-week-old chickens. The cell tropisms of both viruses were similar. However, the lesions in chickens produced by the weak IFN inducer were more severe and differed somewhat in character from those observed for the strong IFN inducer. Differences in lesions included the nature of inflammation, the rate of resolution of the infection, and the extent of viral replication and/or virus dissemination. The amelioration of pathogenesis is attributed to the higher levels of IFN produced by the variant encoding the truncated NS1 protein and the antiviral state subsequently induced by that IFN. The high titer of virus observed in kidney tissue (approximate to 10(9) 50% embryo lethal doses/g) from 1-day-old chickens infected intravenously by the weak IFN-inducing strain is attributed to the capacity of chicken kidney cells to activate the hemagglutinin fusion peptide along with their unresponsiveness to inducers of IFN as measured in vitro. Thus, the IFN-inducing capacity of AIV appears to be a significant factor in regulating the pathogenesis, virulence, and viral transmission of AIV in chickens. This suggests that the IFN-inducing and IFN induction suppression phenotypes of AIV should be considered when characterizing strains of influenza virus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 66 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1838 EP 1847 DI 10.1128/JVI.01667-06 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 136RI UT WOS:000244241400028 PM 17121796 ER PT J AU Bynum, KS Eisemann, JD Weaver, GC Yoder, CA Fagerstone, KA Miller, LA AF Bynum, Kimberly S. Eisemann, John D. Weaver, Gary C. Yoder, Christi A. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. Miller, Lowell A. TI Nicarbazin OvoControl G bait reduces hatchability of eggs laid by resident Canada geese in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian contraception; avian population control; Canada geese; hatchability control; nicarbazin; OvoControl G ID BROILER-BREEDERS; GOOSE AB Expanding populations of resident Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are resulting in increased conflicts with humans. Nonlethal and humane means are needed for managing Canada goose flocks at a variety of sites, including golf courses, industrial parks, government sites, and city parks. Decreased egg production and hatching are side effects of nicarbazin, a veterinary drug used to treat coccidiosis in chickens. Capitalizing on these effects, we developed nicarbazin as a reproductive inhibitor for Canada geese and conducted a field efficacy study. We recruited study sites in 2002 and 2003. Following laboratory testing, we conducted a field efficacy trial of nicarbazin for reducing the hatchability of Canada goose eggs in spring 2004 in Oregon, USA. The study began in February 2004 at 10 sites in Oregon, with 2 control and 3 treated sites on each side of the Cascades. We fed bait daily to resident Canada geese for approximately 6 weeks. We located and monitored nests until hatching or >= 5 days beyond the expected hatching date to determine hatchability. We completed data collection in May 2004. Geese consumed 8,000 kg of bait, with 5,100 kg of OvoControl G (R) (Innolytics, LLC, Rancho Santa Fe, CA) 2,500-ppm nicarbazin bait consumed among 6 treated sites and 2,900 kg of untreated bait consumed among 4 control sites. We monitored 63 nests at treated sites and 46 nests at control sites to determine hatching success of eggs. There was a 62% reduction in the percentage of nests with 100% hatchability at treated sites as compared to controls. There was a 93% increase in the percentage of nests at treated sites with 0% hatchability as compared to nests with no eggs hatching at control sites. Hatchability from treated sites versus control sites was reduced 36% (F= 5.72, P=0.0622). We submitted results from this study to support Environmental Protection Agency registration of nicarbazin as a reproductive inhibitor for use in Canada geese. We have shown that treatment of resident Canada geese with OvoControl G 2,500-ppm nicarbazin bait by licensed, trained applicators immediately prior to and during the breeding season can reduce hatchability of eggs laid by treated geese, thereby reducing recruitment of goslings into problem resident Canada goose populations. C1 USDA, Prod Dev Res Program, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97218 USA. RP Bynum, KS (reprint author), USDA, Prod Dev Res Program, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kbynum@earthlink.net NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.2193/2005-603 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800017 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Lee, DC AF Weller, Theodore J. Lee, Danny C. TI Mist net effort required to inventory a forest bat species assemblage SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bats; inventory; species accumulation; species richness; survey effort; survey protocol ID ACCUMULATION FUNCTIONS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; DESIGN; POWER; BIODIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA AB Little quantitative information exists about the survey effort necessary to inventory temperate bat species assemblages. We used a bootstrap resampling algorithm to estimate the number of mist net surveys required to capture individuals from 9 species at both study area and site levels using data collected in a forested watershed in northwestern California, USA, during 1996-2000. The mean number of simulated surveys required to capture individual species varied with species' rarity and ranged from 1.5 to 44.9. We retrospectively evaluated strategies to reduce required survey effort by subsampling data from 1996 to 1998 and tested the strategies in the field during 1999 and 2000. Using data from 1996 to 1998, the mean number of simulated surveys required to capture 8 out of 9 species was 26.3, but a 95% probability of capture required >61 surveys. Inventory efficiency, defined as the cumulative proportion of species detected per survey effort, improved for both the study area and individual sites by conducting surveys later in summer. We realized further improvements in study area inventory efficiency by focusing on productive sites. We found that 3 surveys conducted between 1 July and 10 September at each of 4 productive sites in this 10-km(2) study area resulted in the capture of 8 species annually. Quantitative estimation of the survey effort required to assess bat species occurrence improves the ability to plan and execute reliable, efficient inventories. Results from our study should be usefill for planning inventories in nearby geographical areas and similar habitat types; further, the analytical methods we used to assess effort are broadly applicable to other survey methods and taxa. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.2193/2005-384 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800034 ER PT J AU Seward, NW Phillips, GE Duquette, JF Vercauteren, KC AF Seward, Nathan W. Phillips, Gregory E. Duquette, Jared F. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI A frightening device for deterring deer use of cattle feeders SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; cattle; deer-resistant cattle feeder; disease transmission; feeding; frightening device; Michigan; Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; TRANSMISSION; MICHIGAN AB The presence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle can negatively impact a state's economy and cattle industry. In Michigan, USA, wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a reservoir for reinfecting cattle herds. Although direct TB transmission between deer and cattle is rare, infected deer may contaminate cattle feed. To mitigate this risk, we designed and evaluated a deer-resistant cattle feeder (DRCF) device for deterring deer from feeders. The device delivered negative stimuli to condition deer to avoid cattle feeders. We tested the device by conducting a comparative change experiment at a high-density captive white-tailed deer operation in northeastern lower Michigan using pretreatment and treatment periods and random allocation of DRCF protection to 3 of 6 feeders during the treatment period. We used animal-activated cameras to collect data on deer use of feeders. Deer use was similar at protected and unprotected feeders during the pretreatment period but was lower at protected feeders during the treatment period. Deer-resistant cattle feeders were 100% effective during the first 2 treatment weeks, 94% during the first 5 weeks, but effectiveness then dropped to 61% during the final week. Excluding problems associated with low battery power and infrared sensors, DRCFs were 99% effective at deterring deer. Our results suggest that DRCFs can effectively limit deer use of cattle feed, potentially with minimal impact on feeding behavior of cattle, thus reducing potential transmission of bovine TB through contaminated feed. By employing DRCFs in bovine TB endemic areas, especially at times that deer are food stressed, agencies and producers can practically and economically reduce the potential for bovine TB to be transmitted from deer to cattle. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Seward, NW (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 401 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.2193/2006-265 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 156RM UT WOS:000245666800037 ER PT J AU Delmonico, MJ Kostek, MC Doldo, NA Hand, BD Walsh, S Conway, JM Carignan, CR Roth, SM Hurley, BF AF Delmonico, Matthew J. Kostek, Matthew C. Doldo, Neil A. Hand, Brian D. Walsh, Sean Conway, Joan M. Carignan, Craig R. Roth, Stephen M. Hurley, Ben F. TI Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism influences knee extensor peak power response to strength training in older men and women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LEG POWER; GENOTYPE; PERFORMANCE; DEFICIENCY; VELOCITY; AGE; ASSOCIATIONS AB Background. The alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism has been associated with muscle power performance in cross-sectional studies. Methods. We examined baseline knee extensor concentric peak power (PP) and PP change with -10 weeks of unilateral knee extensor strength training (ST) using air-powered resistance machines in 71 older men (65 [standard deviation = 81 years) and 86 older women (64 [standard deviation = 9] years). Results. At baseline in women, the XX genotype group had an absolute (same resistance) PP that was higher than the RR (p =.005) and RX genotype groups (p =.02). The women XX group also had a relative (70% of one-repetition maximum [1-RM]) PP that was higher than that in the RR (p=.002) and RX groups (p =.008). No differences in baseline absolute or relative PP were observed between ACTN3 genotype groups in men. In men, absolute PP change with ST in the RR (n = 16) group approached a significantly higher value than in the XX group (n = 9; p =.07). In women, relative PP change with ST in the RR group (n = 16) was higher than in the XX group (n = 17; p =.02). Conclusions. The results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism influences the response of quadriceps muscle power to ST in older adults. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Res Ctr Genet Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Space Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hurley, BF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Hlth & Human Performance, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM benhur@umd.edu OI Roth, Stephen/0000-0002-7841-3695 FU NIA NIH HHS [1-AG-4-2148, AG-021500, AG-022791, AG-1620501] NR 40 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 5 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 62 IS 2 BP 206 EP 212 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 178KU UT WOS:000247220400013 PM 17339648 ER PT J AU Vogt, P Riitters, KH Estreguil, C Kozak, J Wade, TG AF Vogt, Peter Riitters, Kurt H. Estreguil, Christine Kozak, Jacek Wade, Timothy G. TI Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphological image processing; spatial pattern; forest fragmentation ID UNITED-STATES; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; SCALE AB We use morphological image processing for classifying spatial patterns at the pixel level on binary land-cover maps. Land-cover pattern is classified as 'perforated,' 'edge,' 'patch,' and 'core' with higher spatial precision and thematic accuracy compared to a previous approach based on image convolution, while retaining the capability to label these features at the pixel level for any scale of observation. The implementation of morphological image processing is explained and then demonstrated, with comparisons to results from image convolution, for a forest map of the Val Grande National Park in North Italy. C1 European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, IES, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit LMNH, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Vogt, P (reprint author), European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, IES, Land Management & Nat Hazards Unit LMNH, TP 261,Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM peter.vogt@jrc.it RI Kozak, Jacek/D-5570-2013 NR 21 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9013-2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900002 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH Wade, TG Coan, M Homer, C AF Wickham, J. D. Riitters, K. H. Wade, T. G. Coan, M. Homer, C. TI The effect of Appalachian mountaintop mining on interior forest SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian mountains; coal mining; edge effects; forest loss; interior forest ID UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NUTRIENT; SCALE; DYNAMICS; SERVICES; CLIMATE AB Southern Appalachian forests are predominantly interior because they are spatially extensive with little disturbance imposed by other uses of the land. Appalachian mountaintop mining increased substantially during the 1990s, posing a threat to the interior character of the forest. We used spatial convolution to identify interior forest at multiple scales on circa 1992 and 2001 land-cover maps of the Southern Appalachians. Our analyses show that interior forest loss was 1.75-5.0 times greater than the direct forest loss attributable to mountaintop mining. Mountaintop mining in the southern Appalachians has reduced forest interior area more extensively than the reduction that would be expected based on changes in overall forest area alone. The loss of Southern Appalachian interior forest is of global significance because of the worldwide rarity of large expanses of temperate deciduous forest. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us; wade.timothy@epa.gov; coan@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 7 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9040-z PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900003 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Abraham, CE Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Hawbaker, TJ Stewart, SI Clayton, MK AF Gonzalez-Abraham, Charlotte E. Radeloff, Volker C. Hammer, Roger B. Hawbaker, Todd J. Stewart, Susan I. Clayton, Murray K. TI Building patterns and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance zone; landscape fragmentation; building density; spatial pattern of buildings; landscape legacies; rural sprawl; Wisconsin ID RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; LAKESHORE DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; LAND-COVER; FOREST; BIRDS; HABITAT; CONSEQUENCES; DISTURBANCE AB Housing growth is prevalent in rural areas in the United States and landscape fragmentation is one of its many effects. Since the 1930s, rural sprawl has been increasing in areas rich in recreational amenities. The question is how housing growth has affected landscape fragmentation. We thus tested three hypotheses relating land cover and land ownership to density and spatial pattern of buildings, and examined whether building density or spatial pattern of buildings was a better predictor for landscape fragmentation. Housing locations were mapped from 117 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic maps across northern Wisconsin. Patch-level landscape metrics were calculated on the terrestrial area remaining after applying 50, 100 and 250 m disturbance zones around each building. Our results showed that building density and the spatial pattern of buildings were affected mostly by lake area, public land ownership, and the abundance of coniferous forest, agricultural land, and grassland. A full 40% of the houses were within 100 m of lakeshores. The clustering of buildings within 100 m of lakeshores limited fragmentation farther away. In contrast, agricultural and grassland areas were correlated with higher building density, higher fragmentation, and more dispersed building pattern possible legacies of agricultural settlement patterns. Understanding which factors influence building density and fragmentation is useful for landscape level planning and ecosystem management in northern Wisconsin and areas that share similar social and environmental constraints. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Radeloff, VC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM radeloff@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Gonzalez-Abraham, Charlotte/0000-0002-6436-8440 NR 58 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9016-z PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900006 ER PT J AU Howell, CA Dijak, WD Thompson, FR AF Howell, Christine A. Dijak, William D. Thompson, Frank R., III TI Landscape context and selection for forest edge by breeding Brown-headed Cowbirds SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown-headed cowbird; edge effects; forest fragmentation; habitat selection; home range; Illinois; landscape context; Missouri; Molothrus ater; neotropical migrant bird ID NESTING SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; MOLOTHRUS-ATER; PARASITISM; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; BIRDS; MECHANISMS; SONGBIRDS AB We evaluated support for four alternate hypotheses explaining the distribution of breeding Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in forests at varying distances from the forest edge in three Midwestern USA landscapes with varying amounts of forest fragmentation (core forest area ranged from 5 to 70%). We focused on breeding cowbirds' use of forest because of the risk of nest parasitism to forest-dwelling hosts and to identify factors affecting breeding cowbird habitat selection. We compared distances of cowbird locations in the forest from the forest edge ("edge distances") to distances of random forest locations in the entire landscape or within individual cowbird home ranges. We analyzed 1322 locations of 84 cowbirds across three landscapes. We found support for the landscape context hypothesis that breeding cowbird preference for forest edge varied with landscape context. Ninety percent of cowbird locations were within 150-350 m of forest edge, despite the overall availability of forest at greater distances from edge (as far as 500-1450 m) both within cowbird home ranges and the entire forested landscape. Cowbird preference for edge varied by landscape context largely due to differences in the availability of forest edge. In a highly fragmented forest cowbirds utilized the entire forest and likely viewed it as "all edge." In less fragmented forests, cowbirds preferred edge. We consider how variation in cowbird edge preference might relate to patterns in host abundance, host diversity, and host quality because cowbird movements indicate they are capable of using forest farther from edges. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Howell, CA (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM chowell@prbo.org NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s10980-006-9022-1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 130UG UT WOS:000243823900010 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Hua, SST AF Chang, P. -K. Hua, S. -S. T. TI Molasses supplementation promotes conidiation but suppresses aflatoxin production by small sclerotial Aspergillus flavus SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; conidia; medium; molasses; sclerotia ID SECTION FLAVI; PARASITICUS; STRAINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ASSOCIATION; COTTON; GENE; PH; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; COMMUNITIES AB Aims: To find a supplemental ingredient that can be added to routinely used growth media to increase conidial production and decrease aflatoxin biosynthesis in small sclerotial (S strain) isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Methods and Results: Molasses was added to three commonly used culture media: coconut agar (CAM), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and vegetable juice agar (V8) and production of conidia, sclerotia, and aflatoxins by A. flavus isolate CA43 was determined. The effect of nitrogen sources in molasses medium (MM) on production of conidia, sclerotia and aflatoxins was examined. Water activity and medium pH were also measured. Conidia harvested from agar plates were counted using a haemocytometer. Sclerotia were weighed after drying at 45 degrees C for 5 days. Aflatoxins B-1 and B-2 were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Addition of molasses to the media did not change water activity or the pH significantly. Supplementing CAM and PDA with molasses increased conidial production and decreased aflatoxins. Two-fold increased yield of conidia was found on MM, which, like V8, did not support aflatoxin production. Adding ammonium to MM significantly increased the production of sclerotia and aflatoxins, but slightly decreased conidial production. Adding urea to MM significantly increased the production of conidia, sclerotia and aflatoxins. Conclusions: Molasses stimulated conidial production and inhibited aflatoxin production. Its effect on sclerotial production was medium-dependent. Water activity and medium pH were not related to changes in conidial, sclerotial or aflatoxin production. Medium containing molasses alone or molasses plus V8 juice were ideal for conidial production by S strain A. flavus. Significance and Impact of the Study: Insight into molecular events associated with the utilization of molasses may help to elucidate the mechanism(s) that decreases aflatoxin biosynthesis. Targeting genetic parameters in S strain A. flavus isolates may reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops by reducing the survival and toxigenicity of these strains. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02056.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 128DA UT WOS:000243636200004 PM 17257250 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Karns, JS Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Van Kessel, JS Dao, TH AF Guber, A. K. Karns, J. S. Pachepsky, Y. A. Sadeghi, A. M. Van Kessel, J. S. Dao, T. H. TI Comparison of release and transport of manure-borne Escherichia coli and enterococci under grass buffer conditions SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterococci; Escherichia coli; infiltration; manure; overland transport; release; runoff ID WATER; SOIL AB Aim: To test the hypothesis that Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria have similar release rates and transport characteristics after being released from land-applied manure. Methods and Results: Turfgrass soil sod was placed into 200 cm long boxes that had the top two 25 cm sections separated to monitor the release and infiltration of bacteria, which affected bacteria transport in the rest of the box. Dairy manure with added KBr was broadcast on the top two sections. Boxes with either live or dead grass stand were placed under a rainfall simulator for 90 min. Runoff and infiltration samples were collected and analysed for Br, E. coli, enterococci and turbidity. Significant differences in release kinetics of E. coli and enterococci were found. A change from first-order release kinetics to zero-order kinetics after 1 h of rainfall simulation was observed. Conclusions: Differences in release rates but not in the subsequent transport were observed for E. coli and enterococci. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because both E. coli and enterococci are currently used as indicator organisms for manure-borne pathogens, the differences in their release rates may affect the efficiency of using these organisms as indicators. C1 USDA ARS, BA, ANRI, EMSL,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA, ANRI, EMSL,BARC E, 173 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02065.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 128DA UT WOS:000243636200009 PM 17257255 ER PT J AU Parish, EJ Moreau, RA Bach, TJ Nes, WD Williams, JR AF Parish, Edward J. Moreau, Robert A. Bach, Thomas J. Nes, W. David Williams, John R. TI Recent advances in sterol research - Presented at the 97th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo in St. Louis, MO, USA, May 2006 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. CNRS, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s11745-006-3011-7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 150EP UT WOS:000245198700002 ER PT J AU Miska, KB Fetterer, RH Lillehoj, HS Jenkins, MC Allen, PC Harper, SB AF Miska, Katarzyna B. Fetterer, Raymond H. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Jenkins, Mark C. Allen, Patricia C. Harper, Susan B. TI Characterisation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from Eimeria species infectious to chickens SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; macrophage migration inhibitory factor; MIF; coccidiosis ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; FACTOR MIF; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; PARASITIC NEMATODE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BOVINE BRAIN; SWISS-MODEL; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first cytokine to be identified almost 40 years ago. Homologues of MIF have been isolated recently from invertebrates, making it an interesting molecule from an evolutionary as well as functional perspective. The present study represents the first report of MIF homologues in apicomplexan parasites, belonging to the genus Eimeria. A single full-length clone was isolated from Eimeria acervulina that shared between 35 and 38% amino acid identity with MIFs of vertebrates. A MIF cDNA from Eimeria tenella shared 64% amino acid identity with E. acervulina MIF. The mRNA expression was highest in merozoites, whereas developing oocysts and sporozoites expressed low to undetectable levels. Protein expression patterns were nearly identical to that observed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), suggesting strong developmental regulation. Immunofluorescence staining and co-localisation studies of E. acervulina merozoites indicated that MIF is distributed throughout the cytosol, and appears to be concentrated in the apical end of the parasite. The presence of MIF was detected in excretory/secretory (ES) products collected from E. acervulina merozoites, and isoelectric focusing indicated that three MIF isoforms are present in this stage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that apicomplexan MIF sequences form a sister relationship to MIF-like molecules from Arabidopsis thaliana. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Off Biotechnol Act, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Miska, KB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kmiska@anri.barc.usdau.gov NR 53 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 151 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.10.020 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 135LO UT WOS:000244155300004 PM 17194492 ER PT J AU Chen, XF Faris, JD Hu, JG Stack, RW Adhikari, T Elias, EM Kianian, SF Cai, XW AF Chen, Xunfen Faris, Justin D. Hu, Jinguo Stack, Robert W. Adhikari, Tika Elias, Elias M. Kianian, Shahryar F. Cai, Xiwen TI Saturation and comparative mapping of a major Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in tetraploid wheat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE comparative mapping; fusarium head blight; QTL; saturation mapping; Triticum ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SUBSTITUTION LINES; LANGDON DURUM; RICE; MAP; MICROSATELLITE; REGION; GENES; L.; POLYMORPHISM AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cultivated wheat worldwide. Partial resistance to FHB has been identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, sources of effective FHB resistance have not been found in durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum). A major FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), Qfhs.ndsu-3AS, was identified on chromosome 3A of T. dicoccoides, a wild relative of durum wheat. Here, we saturated the genomic region containing the QTL using EST-derived target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP), sequence tagged site (STS), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 45 new molecular marker loci were detected on chromosome 3A and the resulting linkage map consisted of 55 markers spanning a genetic distance of 277.2 cM. Qfhs.ndsu-3AS was positioned within a chromosomal interval of 11.5 cM and is flanked by the TRAP marker loci, Xfcp401 and Xfcp397.2. The average map distance between the marker loci within this QTL region was reduced from 4.9 cM in the previous study to 3.5 cM in the present study. Comparative mapping indicated that Qfhs.ndsu-3AS is not homoeologous to Qfhs.ndsu-3BS, a major FHB QTL derived from the common wheat cultivar Sumai 3. These results facilitate our efforts toward map-based cloning of Qfhs.ndsu-3AS and utilization of this QTL in durum wheat breeding via marker-assisted selection. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Cai, XW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Loftsgard Hall,POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xiwen.cai@ndsu.edu NR 34 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11032-006-9049-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 122WJ UT WOS:000243257800003 ER PT J AU Xiong, YW Fei, SZ Arora, R Brummer, EC Barker, RE Jung, GW Warnke, SE AF Xiong, Yanwen Fei, Shui-zhang Arora, Rajeev Brummer, E. Charles Barker, Reed E. Jung, Geunhwa Warnke, Scott E. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling winter hardiness in an annual x perennial ryegrass interspecific hybrid population SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE fall growth; freezing tolerance; Lolium multiflorum Lam; Lolium perenne L.; QTL; winter survival ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L; LOLIUM-PERENNE; FREEZING TOLERANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COLD HARDINESS; CHROMOSOME 5A; ALFALFA; WHEAT; RESISTANCE; WINTERHARDINESS AB Winter hardiness is a quantitative trait and the lack of it limits geographic distribution of ryegrass. Improving winter hardiness is an important breeding goal in ryegrass breeding programs. An understanding of the genetic basis for the component traits of winter hardiness would allow more efficient selection. A three-generation interspecific population of an annual x perennial ryegrass consisting of 152 progenies was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control winter hardiness-related traits including fall growth (FG), freezing tolerance (FT), and winter survival (WS) over 2 years. A total of 39 QTL were identified for the three traits from both the female parental (MFA) and the male parental (MFB) maps, of which 13 were for FG, 6 for FT, and 20 for WS. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 10.4 to 22.1%. Both FG and FT were positively correlated with WS. Common QTL were detected between FG, FT, and WS. The QTL associated with WS on linkage groups (LGs) 4 and 5, and the QTL for FT on LG 5 were consistently identified over years and maps. These consistent QTL might serve as potential tools for marker-assisted selection to improve ryegrass winter hardiness. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fei, SZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sfei@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s11032-006-9050-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 122WJ UT WOS:000243257800004 ER PT J AU Zhou, LL Bai, GH Ma, HX Carver, BF AF Zhou, Li-Li Bai, Gui-Hua Ma, Hong-Xiang Carver, Brett F. TI Quantitative trait loci for aluminum resistance in wheat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; aluminum resistance; SSR marker; QTL mapping ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ROOT EXUDATE POLYPEPTIDE; ZEA-MAYS L.; CULTIVAR ATLAS-66; BREAD WHEAT; TOLERANCE; MALATE; GENE; MECHANISMS; MARKERS AB Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity were analyzed using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in a population of 192 F-6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between an Al-resistant cultivar, Atlas 66 and an Al-sensitive cultivar, Chisholm. Wheat reaction to Al was measured by relative root growth and root response to hematoxylin stain in nutrient-solution culture. After screening 1,028 SSR markers for polymorphisms between the parents and bulks, we identified two QTLs for Al resistance in Atlas 66. One major QTL was mapped on chromosome 4D that co-segregated with the Al-activated malate transporter gene (ALMT1). Another minor QTL was located on chromosome 3BL. Together, these two QTLs accounted for about 57% of the phenotypic variation in hematoxylin staining score and 50% of the variation in net root growth (NRG). Expression of the minor QTL on 3BL was suppressed by the major QTL on 4DL. The two QTLs for Al resistance in Atlas 66 were also verified in an additional RIL population derived from Atlas 66/Century. Several SSR markers closely linked to the QTLs were identified and have potential to be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve Al-resistance of wheat cultivars in breeding programs. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 42 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11032-006-9054-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 122WJ UT WOS:000243257800006 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Perkins, SN Hursting, SD Wang, TTY AF Takahashi, Yoko Perkins, Susan N. Hursting, Stephen D. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI 17 beta-estradiol differentially regulates androgen-responsive genes through estrogen receptor-beta- and extracellular-signal regulated kinase-dependent pathways in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation; estrogen; estrogen-responsive element; quantitative real-time PCR ID STE20/SPS1-RELATED KINASE; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOTYPES; MESSENGER-RNA; NOBLE RATS; NULL MICE; ER-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; HORMONE; ESTRADIOL; ANTIGEN AB The molecular mechanism underlying the actions of estrogens in normal prostate physiology and prostate cancer development remains unclear. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that estrogens modulate androgen-dependent events in prostate cells by examining the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on androgen-responsive genes (ARGs) in the androgen responsive LNCaP cells. We found that LNCaP cells express estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) as the major form of ER and ER treatment with E2 led to an increase in cell growth. The proliferative effect of E2 correlated with induction of several ARGs by E2. Interestingly, some other ARGs did not respond to E2. Consistent with involvement of ER-P, the induction of both cell growth and ARG mRNA levels by E2 was attenuated by the pure antiestrogen vertical bar C vertical bar 182,780. Moreover, we found ER-beta small interfering RNA attenuated induction of ARG mRNAs by E2. However, the effect of E2 on ARG mRNA appeared also to require the androgen receptor and to be mediated through activation of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. These results provide mechanistic evidence supporting a direct effect of estrogen, mediated through ER-beta- and ERK-dependent pathways, on specific molecular targets in human prostate cancer cells. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Off Prevent Oncol, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Lab Biosyst & Canc, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1002/mc.20254 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 134JY UT WOS:000244080500005 PM 17131305 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Bentz, BJ O'Neill, EM Chong, JP Orwin, J Pfrender, ME AF Mock, K. E. Bentz, B. J. O'Neill, E. M. Chong, J. P. Orwin, J. Pfrender, M. E. TI Landscape-scale genetic variation in a forest outbreak species, the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE AFLP; Dendroctonus ponderosae; gender-associated; mountain pine beetle; phylogeography; range expansion ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BARK BEETLES; RANGE EXPANSION; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH; IPS-PINI; SCOLYTIDAE; DIVERSITY AB The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae is a native species currently experiencing large-scale outbreaks in western North American pine forests. We sought to describe the pattern of genetic variation across the range of this species, to determine whether there were detectable genetic differences between D. ponderosae occupying different host trees in common localities, and to determine whether there was molecular evidence for a past demographic expansion. Using a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mitochondrial sequencing analyses, we found evidence of genetic structuring among populations that followed a broad isolation-by-distance pattern. Our results suggest that the geographical pattern of gene flow follows the core distribution of the principal D. ponderosae host species, around rather than across the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. Patterns of haplotype diversity and divergence were consistent with a range-wide population expansion. This signal was particularly pronounced in the northern part of the species' range, where outbreak activity is currently increasing. Using AFLP markers, we were unable to detect significant differences among groups of insects sampled from different host trees in common locations. Incidentally, we found that a large proportion of the polymorphic AFLP markers were gender-specific, occurring only in males. While we did not include these markers in our analyses, this finding warrants further investigation. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mock, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.mock@usu.edu RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011; Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 101 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 553 EP 568 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03158.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 129UO UT WOS:000243755800008 PM 17257113 ER PT J AU Copeland, CS Mann, VH Brindley, PJ AF Copeland, Claudia S. Mann, Victoria H. Brindley, Paul J. TI Both sense and antisense strands of the LTR of the Schistosoma mansoni Pao-like retrotransposon Sinbad drive luciferase expression SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE schistosome; Boudicca; promotor; promoter; bidirectional; inverse ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; HUMAN BLOOD FLUKE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; GERM-LINE; GENOME; PROMOTER; ELEMENTS; INTEGRATION; RETROVIRUS; SEQUENCE AB Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, mobile genetic elements comprising substantial proportions of many eukaryotic genomes, are so named for the presence of LTRs, direct repeats about 250-600 bp in length flanking the open reading frames that encode the retrotransposon enzymes and structural proteins. LTRs include promotor functions as well as other roles in retrotransposition. LTR retrotransposons, including the Gypsy-like Boudicca and the Pao/BEL-like Sinbad elements, comprise a substantial proportion of the genome of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. In order to deduce the capability of specific copies of Boudicca and Sinbad LTRs to function as promotors, these LTRs were investigated analytically and experimentally. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of TATA boxes, canonical polyadenylation signals, and direct inverted repeats within the LTRs of both the Boudicca and Sinbad retrotransposons. Inserted in the reporter plasmid pGL3, the LTR of Sinbad drove firefly luciferase activity in HeLa cells in its forward and inverted orientation. In contrast, the LTR of Boudicca did not drive luciferase activity in HeLa cells. The ability of the Sinbad LTR to transcribe in both its forward and inverted orientation represents one of few documented examples of bidirectional promotor function. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Interdisciplinary Program Mol & Cellular Biol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Copeland, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM ccopelan@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 EI 1617-4623 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 277 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s00438-006-0181-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132VX UT WOS:000243972100005 PM 17131159 ER PT J AU Francis, SA Roden, BC Adams, MJ Weiland, J Asher, MJC AF Francis, Sally A. Roden, Brett C. Adams, Michael J. Weiland, John Asher, Michael J. C. TI Comparison of ITS sequences from UK and North American sugar-beet powdery mildews and the designation of Erysiphe betae SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beta spp.; Erysiphales; molecular systematics; plant pathology; powdery mildews ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; OIDIUM-NEOLYCOPERSICI; RESISTANCE GENES; MICROSCOPY; VULGARIS; SEARCH; TOMATO; FUNGI; LIGHT AB Powdery mildew of sugar beet, a disease of major economic significance, was first described at the beginning of the 20th century, and since then there has been some confusion over the correct taxonomic identity of the causal agent. In Europe, the fungus was initially classified as the novel species Microsphaera betae, later re-named Erysiphe betae, whilst in America it was identified as E. polygoni, despite sugar-beet isolates from both regions having a host range restricted to Beta species. It is possible that more than one fungus causes the disease, as published descriptions of conidiogenesis have differed. In this study, isolates of the fungus collected from sugar beet in the UK and USA were investigated for polymorphisms in the rDNA ITS region to determine if the same species caused the disease in both countries, whether there was any justification for the retention of the name E. polygoni in the USA, and to search for evidence of a second species infecting sugar beet. From a total of 18 isolates examined, 23 ITS sequences were obtained. Fifteen of these, which included the UK and USA isolates, were identical and the remainder had single-base substitutions, indicating that the fungi were conspecific. Dendrogram analysis of Erysiphales ITS regions revealed that the UK and North American isolates were more closely related to E. heraclei than to E. polygoni. It is proposed that the species name Erysiphe betae be used for the powdery mildew fungus that infects sugar beet. No evidence was found in this study for a second sugar-beet powdery mildew species. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brooms Barn Res Stn, Bury St Edmunds IP28 6NP, Suffolk, England. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Serv, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Asher, MJC (reprint author), Brooms Barn Res Stn, Bury St Edmunds IP28 6NP, Suffolk, England. EM mike.asher@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 51 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 111 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.10.010 PN 2 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 154OG UT WOS:000245516400008 PM 17324758 ER PT J AU Hua, SST Tarun, AS Pandey, SN Chang, L Chang, PK AF Hua, Sui-Sheng T. Tarun, Alice S. Pandey, Sonal N. Chang, Leo Chang, Perng-Kuang TI Characterization of AFLAV, a Tf1/Sushi retrotransposon from Aspergillus flavus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; retrotransposon ID FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS; DOMAIN; RETROELEMENT; AFLATOXINS; FUMIGATUS; DIVERSITY; CHROMATIN; PATHOGEN; ELEMENTS AB The plasmid, pAF28, a genomic clone from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 6541, has been used as a hybridization probe to fingerprint A. flavus strains isolated in corn and peanut fields. The insert of pAF28 contains a 4.5 kb region which encodes a truncated retrotransposon (AfRTL-1). In search for a full-length and intact copy of retrotransposon, we exploited a novel PCR cloning strategy by amplifying a 3.4 kb region from the genomic DNA of A. flavus NRRL 6541. The fragment was cloned into pCR (R) 4-TOPO (R). Sequence analysis confirmed that this region encoded putative domains of partial reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and integrase of the predicted retrotransposon. The two flanking long terminal repeats (LTRs) and the sequence between them comprise a putative full-length LTR retrotransposon of 7799 bp in length. This intact retrotransposon sequence is named AFLAV (A. flavus Retrotransposon). The order of the predicted catalytic domains in the polyprotein (Pol) placed AFLAV in the Tf1/sushi subgroup of the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposon family. Primers derived from AFLAV sequence were used to screen this retrotransposon in other strains of A. flavus. More than fifty strains of A. flavus isolated from different geological origins were surveyed and the results show that many strains have extensive deletions in the regions encoding the capsid (Gag) and Pol. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. MJ Bioworks Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ssth@pw.usda.gov OI Tarun, Alice/0000-0002-0300-6657 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2007 VL 163 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0088-8 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 139QX UT WOS:000244448500006 PM 17286166 ER PT J AU Cullen, D AF Cullen, Dan TI The genome of an industrial workhorse SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; FUMIGATUS; ORYZAE AB Sequencing of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger offers new opportunities for the production of specialty chemicals and enzymes. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1038/nbt0207-189 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 134DV UT WOS:000244064000021 PM 17287752 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, Jose M. TI Special issue: Gene-environment interaction in relation to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease - Introduction SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEADLY QUARTET; HUMAN GENOME C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.10.007 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 157IX UT WOS:000245713300001 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL AF Tucker, Katherine L. TI Assessment of usual dietary intake in population studies of gene-diet interaction SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Review DE dietary assessement; gene-diet interaction; food frequency; epidemiology ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY-INTAKE; MEASUREMENT ERROR; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; ELDERLY POPULATION; 24-HOUR RECALL; BREAST-CANCER; VALIDITY; NUTRITION AB Aims: Dietary intake is a critical environmental exposure when considering the effect of many genetic factors on disease risk. However, dietary intake is a complex and changing measure that requires particular care in assessment. Data synthesis: Although weighed diet records can theoretically provide the most accurate assessment of intake, they are usually not realistic in large population studies due to heavy respondent burden, likelihood of poor compliance, and the cost of data entry. Multiple 24-h dietary recalls can provide excellent detail, allowing for diverse dietary practices, but they are costly and require multiple contacts with participants. Food frequency questionnaires are the most cost-effective too[ for assessing usual intake, particularly for micronutrients with high day-to-day variability. However, they have [imitations for diverse populations and recent studies have questioned their ability to measure macronutrient intakes for assessing diet and disease relationships. Conclusion: At the present time, food frequencies remain the most cost-effective too[ for large population studies. However, their [imitations must be fully appreciated and demonstration of validity for nutrients of concern in the populations under study is essential. When macronutrients are of key interest, consideration should be given to the use of multiple recalls. Records may be used only in educated and compliant populations. Continued efforts to improve dietary assessment methodology must be investigated. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 49 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.07.010 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 157IX UT WOS:000245713300002 PM 17046222 ER PT J AU Laclaustra, M Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Laclaustra, Martin Corella, Dolores Ordovas, Jose M. TI Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: The role of adipose tissue SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Review DE metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance; pathophysiology; adipose tissue; organ failure ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ADIPONECTIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; GENOME-WIDE LINKAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN AB everal pathophysiological. explanations for the metabolic syndrome have been proposed involving insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and ectopic fat accumulation following adipose tissue saturation. However, current concepts create several paradoxes, including limited cardiovascular risk reduction with intensive glucose control in diabetics, therapies that result in weight gain (PPAR agonists), and presence of some of the metabolic traits among some lipodystrophies. We propose the functional failure of an organ, in this case, the adipose tissue as a model to interpret its manifestations and to reconcile some of the apparent paradox. A cornerstone of this model is the failure of the adipose tissue to buffer postprandial lipids. In addition, homeostatic feedback loops guide physiological and pathological adipose tissue activities. Fat turnover is determined by a complex equilibrium in which insulin is a main factor but not the only one. Chronically inadequate energy balance may be a key factor, stressing the system. In this situation, an adipose tissue functional failure occurs resulting in changes in systemic energy delivery, impaired glucose consumption and activation of self-regulatory mechanisms that extend their influence to whole body homeostasis system. These include changes in adipokines secretion and vascular effects. The functional capacity of the adipose tissue varies among subjects explaining the incomplete overlapping among the metabolic syndrome and obesity. Variations at multiple gene loci wit[ be partially responsible for these interindividual differences. Two of those candidate genes, the adiponectin (APM1) and the perilipin (PLIN) genes, are discussed in more detail. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Inst Hlth Sci Aragon, GRICA, Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Laclaustra, Martin/C-6709-2015; OI Laclaustra, Martin/0000-0003-3963-0846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 119 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 EI 1590-3729 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.10.005 PG 15 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 157IX UT WOS:000245713300006 PM 17270403 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO AF Fisher, Jennifer Orlet TI Effects of age on children's intake of large and self-selected food portions SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE environmental influences; intake regulation ID ENERGY-INTAKE; CALORIC COMPENSATION; CONSUMPTION VOLUME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BITE SIZE; MEAL SIZE; OBESITY; WOMEN; DENSITY; WEIGHT AB Objective: Whether developmental periods exist in which children become particularly sensitive to environmental influences on eating is unclear. This research evaluated the effects of age on intake of large and self-selected portions among children 2 to 9 years of age. Research Methods and Procedures: Seventy-five non-Hispanic white children 2 to 3, 5 to 6, and 8 to 9 years of age were seen at a dinner meal in reference, large, and self-selected portion size conditions in which the size of an entree was age-appropriate, doubled, and determined by the child, respectively. Weighed food intake data were collected. Entree bite size and bite frequency were assessed. Height and weight measurements were obtained. Results: The effect of age on children's intake of the large portion was not significant. Entree consumption was 29% greater (p < 0.001) and meal energy intake was 13% greater (p < 0.01) in the large portion condition than in the reference condition. Increases in entree consumption were attributable to increases in average bite size (p < 0.001). Neither child weight nor maternal weight predicted children's intake of large portions. Self-selection resulted in decreased entree (p < 0.05) and meal energy (p < 0.01) only among those children who ate more when served the large portion. Discussion: The results of this research confirm that serving large entree portions promotes increased intake at meals among 2- to 9-year-old children. These findings suggest that any age-related differences in children's response to large portions are likely to be smaller than previously suspected. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu NR 40 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 7 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.549 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OB UT WOS:000249605600017 PM 17299114 ER PT J AU Kahler, AM Thurston-Enriquez, JA AF Kahler, Amy M. Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A. TI Human pathogenic microsporidia detection in agricultural samples: method development and assessment SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; FECAL SAMPLES; 1ST DETECTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; STOOL SPECIMENS; SURFACE-WATER; DAIRY CALVES; PREVALENCE; PCR AB A detection method was developed and assessed for the sensitive recovery of microsporidia from livestock fecal and manure-impacted environmental samples. Sensitive recovery of microsporidia was achieved when samples were subjected to 1) purification by sucrose floatation, 2) DNA extraction using the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit, 3) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using generic primers for microsporidia, and 4) DNA sequence analysis to identify which microsporidia were present in each sample. Livestock fecal and wastewater samples were inoculated with 1,000 and 100 Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores/g or ml of feces or wastewater. For cattle wastewater, ten of ten replicates were positive by PCR at concentrations of 1,000 spores/ml, and two of ten replicates were positive at concentrations of 100 spores/ml. For swine wastewater, ten of ten replicates were positive at concentrations of 1,000 spores/ml, and four of ten replicates were positive at concentrations of 100 spores/ml. For cattle feces, three of ten replicates were positive at the concentration of 1,000 spores/g. Several environmental samples were screened using this method, with two of 34 samples positive for human pathogenic microsporidia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Encephalitozoon cuniculi detection in swine feces and wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Thurston-Enriquez, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 138 Keim Hall,UNL E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jthurston2@unl.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 3 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0300-2 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 119HK UT WOS:000243003200014 PM 17058113 ER PT J AU Jacknowitz, A Novillo, D Tiehen, L AF Jacknowitz, Alison Novillo, Daniel Tiehen, Laura TI Special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children and infant feeding practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; guidelines; demographic characteristics; infant feeding; WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; and Children ID WIC PARTICIPATION; LACTATION; RISK; PREGNANCY; CANCER; MILK AB OBJECTIVE. This study examined the association between participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and adherence to 4 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on infant feeding. METHODS. We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, which is nationally representative of children born in 2001. We estimated regression models to assess relationships between program participation and adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on exclusive breastfeeding and the introduction of infant formula, cow's milk, and solid foods. RESULTS. Regression results indicated that WIC participation was associated with a 5.9-percentage point decrease in the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding for >= 4 months and a 1.9-percentage point decrease in the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding for >= 6 months. Program mothers were 8.5 percentage points less likely than nonparticipants to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to delay introduction of infant formula until month 6. Program mothers were 2.5 percentage points more likely than nonparticipants to delay the introduction of cow's milk until month 8. Program participants were 4.5 percentage points less likely than nonparticipants to delay the introduction of solid foods for >= 4 months. However, the difference between participants and nonparticipants disappeared by month 6. CONCLUSIONS. Results suggest that, although program participants are less likely to breastfeed exclusively than eligible nonparticipants, program-provided infant formula is an important option for mothers who do not breastfeed exclusively. The program faces the challenge to encourage breastfeeding without undermining incentives to follow other recommended infant feeding practices. Recent changes proposed to the food packages by the US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service are consistent with the goal of increasing adherence to recommended infant feeding practices among participants. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. American Univ, Dept Publ Adm & Policy, Washington, DC 20016 USA. US Govt Accountabil Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Tiehen, L (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW,Room S2076, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ltiehen@ers.usda.gov NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1486 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 132KP UT WOS:000243942000007 PM 17272617 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, Jose M. TI Medicine, genetics and race: the case of cardiovascular diseases SO PERSONALIZED MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH SURVEY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; LIPID RESPONSE; HUMAN GENOME; SINGAPORE; MORTALITY C1 Jean Mayer USA, Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Jean Mayer USA, Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1741-0541 J9 PERS MED JI Pers. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.2217/17410541.4.1.1 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 271IC UT WOS:000253781100001 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Flexner, L AF Knight, Alan L. Flexner, Lindsey TI Disruption of mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) by chlorantranilipole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorantranilipole; Cydia pomonella; insecticides; pest management; sublethal; anthranilic diamide ID CYDIA-POMONELLA L; TREATED APPLE ORCHARDS; PINK-BOLLWORM MOTH; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; CROSS-RESISTANCE; PHEROMONE-COMMUNICATION; JUVENILE-HORMONE; AZINPHOS-METHYL; DIFLUBENZURON; OVIPOSITION AB The influence of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantranilipole (DPX-E2Y45; Rynaxypyr (TM)) against the adult stage of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was examined. Insecticide residues in plastic cups sprayed with 56mg Al L-1 (equivalent to the recommended field rate) had a minimal effect on adult survival or fecundity, but significantly fewer female moths were mated in treated than in untreated cups. Similar results were found in field studies with adults placed in screened cages on treated apple foliage for up to 3 weeks. Mating was disrupted when either sex was topically dosed with technical material (0.01-0.1 mu g). Males were more sensitive to the disruptive effects of chlorantranilipole than females. A 2 h exposure significantly reduced male activity (walking and wing fanning), but not female calling. A 25h exposure significantly reduced the activity of both sexes. The proportion of males landing near a sex pheromone source in a flight tunnel was significantly reduced following exposures of 2-4 h and completely eliminated following a 17 h exposure. Male moths partially recovered from either topical or residual exposure to chlorantranilipole, but the extent of their recovery was dose and time dependent. Male response to sex pheromone recovered within 2 h following a 4 h exposure, but following a 17 h exposure only a partial recovery occurred after 48 h. Mating by moth pairs exposed to chlorantranilipole residues for 24 h did not significantly increase during recovery periods of 24-96 h, except in cups treated with 10% of the standard concentration. The proportion of field-collected female codling moths caught in pear ester-baited traps that were mated was significantly lower in apple orchards treated season-long with chlorantranilipole compared with females caught in either untreated orchards or those treated with sex pheromones to cause mating disruption. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Agr Prod, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 63 IS 2 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1002/ps.1318 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 129EQ UT WOS:000243711700008 PM 17125149 ER PT J AU Li, AY Guerrero, FD Pruett, JH AF Li, Andrew Y. Guerrero, Felix D. Pruett, John H. TI Involvement of esterases in diazinon resistance and biphasic effects of piperonyl butoxide on diazinon toxicity to Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diazinon; mechanisms of resistance; PBO; esterases; horn fly; synergist ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FLY DIPTERA; PYRETHROID-RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; OVERPRODUCTION; CALLIPHORIDAE; FENVALERATE; METABOLISM AB Resistance to insecticides remains a major problem for the successful control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), one of the most important pests of cattle in many countries including the United States. The organophosphate (OP) insecticide diazinon has been used to control pyrethroid-resistant populations of the horn fly. There are only a few reported cases of horn fly resistance to diazinon in the United States and Mexico. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) has been used Successfully as a synergist of pyrethroid insecticides to control horn flies. PBO-synergized diazinon products are also available for horn fly control in the United States, although PBO is known to inhibit the bio-activation of certain OP insecticides including diazinon. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PBO on diazinon toxicity to horn flies using a filter paper bioassay technique. These bioassays in both the Susceptible and diazinon-resistant horn fly strains revealed a biphasic effect of PBO oil diazinon toxicity to horn flies. PBO inhibited diazinon toxicity when the PBO concentration used was high (5%), and no effect was observed when PBO concentration was intermediate (2%). However, at low concentrations (1% and lower), PBO significantly synergized diazinon toxicity. We demonstrated that enhanced esterase activity was associated with survivability of horn flies exposed to diazinon alone. PBO has been shown to inhibit esterase activity in other insect species. However, results of biochemical assays with esterases from this study suggest that PBO did not have significant effect oil the overall esterase activity in the horn fly. The observed synergistic effect of PBO at lower concentrations on diazinon toxicity to horn flies could not be explained by reduced esterase activity due to PBO inhibition. It is likely that PBO synergized diazinon toxicity at lower concentrations by facilitating penetration of diazinon through the cuticle and/or inhibiting the oxidative detoxification of diazinon, and reduced diazinon toxicity at high PBO concentration by inhibiting the bio-activation of diazinon. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.07.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 129EZ UT WOS:000243712600007 ER PT J AU Laliberte, AS Fredrickson, EL Rango, A AF Laliberte, Andrea S. Fredrickson, Ed L. Rango, Albert TI Combining decision trees with hierarchical object-oriented image analysis for mapping arid rangelands SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION TREE; SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; TEXTURAL ANALYSIS; ENCROACHMENT; CLASSIFIERS; INFORMATION; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB Decision tree analysis is a statistical approach for developing a rule base used for image classification. We developed a unique approach using object-based rather than pixel-based image information as input for a classification tree for mapping and land vegetation. A QuickBird satellite image was segmented at four different scales, resulting in a hierarchical network of image objects representing the image information in different spatial resolutions. This allowed for differentiation of individual shrubs at a fine scale and delineation of broader vegetation classes at coarser scales. Input variables included spectral, textural and contextual image information, and the variables chosen by the decision tree included many features not available or as easily determined with pixel-based image analysis. Spectral information was selected near the top of the classification trees, while contextual and textural variables were more common closer to the terminal nodes of the classification tree. The combination of multi-resolution image segmentation and decision tree analysis facilitated the selection of input variables and helped in determining the appropriate image analysis scale. C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, 2995 Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu; efredric@nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 132EE UT WOS:000243924300011 ER PT J AU Wang, D Portis, A Moose, S Long, S AF Wang, D. Portis, A. Moose, S. Long, S. TI An increase in expression of Pyruvate P-i Dikinase and its high activation energy correspond to cold-tolerant C4 photosynthesis of Miscanthus x giganteus SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS105 BP 225 EP 225 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000360 ER PT J AU Salvucci, M AF Salvucci, M. TI Association of activase with cpn60 during heat stress: Possible mechanism for photosynthetic acclimation SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS116 BP 232 EP 232 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000386 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, E Leakey, A Gillespie, K Xu, F Nelson, R Ort, D AF Ainsworth, E. Leakey, A. Gillespie, K. Xu, F. Nelson, R. Ort, D. TI The molecular basis for genotypic variation in soybean photosynthetic responses to elevated carbon dioxide concentration SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RI Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS232 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000604 ER PT J AU DeLucia, E Bilgin, D Zavala, J Zhu, J Clough, S Ort, D AF DeLucia, E. Bilgin, D. Zavala, J. Zhu, J. Clough, S. Ort, D. TI Biotic damage to leaves universally down-regulates the transcription of photosynthesis genes SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS254 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000630 ER PT J AU Chen, J Xin, Z Burke, J AF Chen, J. Xin, Z. Burke, J. TI The conserved role of FtsH11 protease in protection of photosynthetic system from high temperature stress in higher plants SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS2535 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000661 ER PT J AU Portis, A Kumar, A Li, C AF Portis, A., Jr. Kumar, A. Li, C. TI The of photosynthesis remains relatively high at moderately high temperatures in Arabidopsis thaliana rca mutant expressing thermostable chimeric Rubisco Activase. SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS2568 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000694 ER PT J AU Mccue, KF Allen, PV Shepherd, LVT Blake, A Maccree, MM Rockhold, DR Novy, RG Stewart, D Davies, HV Belknap, WR AF McCue, Kent F. Allen, Paul V. Shepherd, Louise V. T. Blake, Alison Maccree, M. Malendia Rockhold, David R. Novy, Richard G. Stewart, Derek Davies, Howard V. Belknap, William R. TI Potato glycosterol rhamnosyltransferase, the terminal step in triose side-chain biosynthesis SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Solanaceae; potato; molecular genetics; steroidal glycoalkaloids; beta-solanine/beta-chaconine rhamnosyltransferase; chaconine; solanine; Sgt3 ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; UDP-GLUCOSE; SOLANIDINE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ANTISENSE RNA; EXPRESSION; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE AB Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are potentially harmful specialty metabolites found in Solanaceous plants. Two tri-glycosylated alkaloids, alpha-chacnine and a-solanine accumulate in potato tubers. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified in the available database by searching for protein homology to the Sgt1 (SOLtu:Sgtl) steriodalalkaloid gal acto syltransferase. The EST sequence data was used to isolate Sgt3 cDNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a wounded potato tuber cDNA library. The resulting 1515 bp open reading frame of Sgt3, encodes a predicted SGT3 amino acid sequence that is 18 residues longer than, 45% identical to, and 58% homologous to the SGT1 protein. The amino-terminal region of the Sgt3 cDNA was used to create an antisense transgene under control of the granule bound starch synthase, GBSS6, promoter and the ubiquitin, Ubi3, polyadenylation signal. Analysis of SGA metabolites in selected transgenic tubers revealed a dramatic decrease in the accumulation of cc-chaconine and alpha-solanine. This decrease was compensated by an increase in beta-solanine and beta-chaconine with minor accumulation of alpha-SGAs. These results allowed the identification of the function for SGT3 as the beta-solanine/beta-chaconine rhamnosyl transferase, the terminal step in formation of the potato glycoalkaloid triose side chains. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Qual Hlth & Nutr Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. USDA, ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Mccue, KF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kmccue@pw.usda.gov RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.025 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 138MD UT WOS:000244365800007 PM 17157337 ER PT J AU Weller, DM AF Weller, David M. TI Pseudomonas biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogens: Looking back over 30 years SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 01, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; COMPETITIVE ROOT COLONIZATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; ANTAGONISTIC FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINASE; CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES; PLANT-GROWTH; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE AB Pseudomonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria in agricultural soils and have many traits that make them well suited as biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogens. Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the process of root colonization by pseudomonads, the biotic and abiotic factors affecting colonization, bacterial traits and genes contributing to rhizosphere competence, and the mechanisms of pathogen suppression. This review looks back over the last 30 years of Pseudomonas biocontrol research and highlights key studies, strains, and findings that have had significant impact on shaping our current understanding of biological control by bacteria and the direction of future research. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu NR 146 TC 180 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-2-0250 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 128OC UT WOS:000243666200016 PM 18944383 ER PT J AU Goyer, A Collakova, E Shachar-Hill, Y Hanson, AD AF Goyer, Aymeric Collakova, Eva Shachar-Hill, Yair Hanson, Andrew D. TI Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; cysteine; methionine ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; AMINO-ACID; MERCAPTOMETHANE-LYASE; SOLUBLE METHIONINE; HIGHER-PLANTS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; SUSPENSION CULTURES; S-METHYLMETHIONINE; LEMNA-PAUCICOSTATA; BETA-CYSTATHIONASE AB Methionine gamma-lyase (MGL) catalyzes the degradation of L-methionine to alpha-ketobutyrate, methanethiol and ammonia. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome includes a single gene (At1g64660) encoding a protein (AtMGL) with similar to 35% identity to bacterial and protozoan MGLs. When overexpressed in Escherichia coli, AtMGL allowed growth on L-methionine as sole nitrogen source and conferred a high rate of methanethiol emission. The purified recombinant protein exhibited a spectrum typical of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes, and had high activity toward L-methionine, L-ethionine, L-homocysteine and seleno-L-methionine, but not L-cysteine. Quantitation of mRNA showed that the AtMGL gene is expressed in aerial organs and roots, and that its expression in leaves was increased 2.5-fold by growth on low sulfate medium. Emission of methanethiol from Arabidopsis plants supplied with 10 mM L-methionine was undetectable (< 0.5 nmol min(-1) g(-1) FW), suggesting that AtMGL is not an important source of volatile methanethiol. Knocking out the AtMGL gene significantly increased leaf methionine content (9.2-fold) and leaf and root S-methylmethionine content (4.7- and 7-fold, respectively) under conditions of sulfate starvation, indicating that AtMGL carries a significant flux in vivo. In Arabidopsis plantlets fed L-[S-35]methionine on a low sulfate medium, label was incorporated into protein-bound cysteine as well as methionine, but incorporation into cysteine was significantly (30%) less in the knockout mutant. These data indicate that plants possess an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway (methionine -> homocysteine -> cystathionine -> cysteine) in which methanethiol is an intermediate. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Goyer, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM agoyer@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 58 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcl055 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 136ZG UT WOS:000244262000003 PM 17169919 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Kelly, JM Kovar, JL AF Wang, Z. Y. Kelly, J. M. Kovar, J. L. TI Depletion of macro-nutrients from rhizosphere soil solution by juvenile corn, cottonwood, and switchgrass plants (vol 270, pg 213, 2005) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Correction C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Wang0628@hotmail.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2007 VL 291 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s11104-007-9210-z PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 151OJ UT WOS:000245299700027 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Jia, Y Rutger, JN Xia, Y AF Wang, Z. Jia, Y. Rutger, J. N. Xia, Y. TI Rapid survey for presence of a blast resistance gene Pi-ta in rice cultivars using the dominant DNA markers derived from portions of the Pi-ta gene SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; blast resistance; marker-assisted selection; Pi-ta distribution ID MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; AVIRULENCE GENE; DRAFT SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; GENOME; REGISTRATION; PATHOTYPES; INDICA; FUNGUS AB The Pi-ta gene in rice confers resistance to strains of the blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Borr. (anamorph Pyricularia oryza Cav.) containing the corresponding avirulence gene AVR-Pita in a gene-for-gene fashion. The Pi-ta gene is a typical nucleotide-binding site type resistance gene. Nucleotide sequences distinguishing the resistant Pi-ta and susceptible pi-ta alleles were previously identified and used for developing DNA markers for a resistant Pi-ta haplotype and three susceptible pi-ta haplotypes. In the present study, the existence of the Pi-ta gene in 141 rice germplasm accessions was rapidly determined using these markers, and the results were confirmed by inoculating rice germplasm with an M. grisea strain containing AVR-Pita. The Pi-ta gene was found in accessions from several major rice producing countries, including China, Colombia, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Iran and the United States. The usefulness of DNA markers for rapid determination of the genotype of rice germplasm was thus demonstrated. The Pi-ta gene also was found in rice cultivar known to contain the Pi-ta(2) gene, although the allelic relationship of these genes remains to be determined. The presence of the Pi-ta gene in landrace cultivars in several different geographical locations, the Philippines and Vietnam, other indica rice cultivars in China and Colombia suggest that the Pi-ta gene may have spontaneously originated in indica rice cultivars. These results are useful for incorporating the Pi-ta gene into advanced breeding lines by marker-assisted selection for rice breeding programmes worldwide. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Wanli Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Ningbo 315100, Peoples R China. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090,2890 HWY 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01304.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 132WY UT WOS:000243974800008 ER PT J AU Velasco, L Perez-Vich, B Jan, CC Fernandez-Martinez, JM AF Velasco, L. Perez-Vich, B. Jan, C. C. Fernandez-Martinez, J. M. TI Inheritance of resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) race F in a sunflower line derived from wild sunflower species SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Helianthus annuus; H. divaricatus; H. grosseserratus; Orobanche cumana; genetic resistance; inheritance; wild species ID REGISTRATION; GERMPLASMS; CERNUA; GENE AB Genetic resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) race F in sunflower line J1, derived from the wild perennial species Helianthusgrosseserratus Martens and Helianthus divaricatus L., has been reported to be controlled by dominant alleles at a single locus, Or6. However, deviations from this monogenic inheritance have been observed. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the inheritance of resistance to broomrape race F in the sunflower line J1. F-1, F-2, F-3 and BC generations from crosses between J1 and three susceptible lines, P21, NR5 and HA821 were evaluated. F-1 hybrids showed both resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR) plants, the latter having a maximum of five broomrape stalks per plant compared with > 10 in the susceptible parents. This indicated incomplete dominance of the Or6 alleles. F-2 plants were classified as R, MR or susceptible (more than five broomrape stalks per plant). Three different segregation ratios were observed: 3 : 1, 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 (R + MR : S), suggesting the presence of a second gene, Or7, whose expression was influenced by the environment. A digenic model was confirmed, based on the evaluation of F-2:3 families. C1 CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Fernandez-Martinez, JM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Apartado 4084, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. EM cs9femaj@uco.es RI Velasco, Leonardo/C-5930-2008; Perez-Vich, Begona/C-7338-2008; Fernandez-Martinez, Jose/A-7193-2010; OI Velasco, Leonardo/0000-0003-4998-9406; Perez-Vich, Begona/0000-0002-7085-5173; Fernandez Martinez, Jose Maria/0000-0003-1413-0642 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01278.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 132WY UT WOS:000243974800014 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC Miralles-Wilhelm, F AF Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Goldstein, Guillermo Meinzer, Frederick C. Franco, Augusto C. Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando TI Biophysical properties and functional significance of stem water storage tissues in Neotropical savanna trees SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE capacitance; Cerrado; hydraulic architecture; stomatal conductance; water potential ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; SOIL-WATER; SAP FLOW; TROPICAL SAVANNA; PREDAWN DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISSIPATION PROBES; TRANSPIRATION; TRANSPORT; PLANT; LEAF AB Biophysical characteristics of sapwood and outer parenchyma water storage compartments were studied in stems of eight dominant Brazilian Cerrado tree species to assess the impact of differences in tissue capacitance on whole-plant water relations. The rate of decline in tissue water potential with relative water content (RWC) was greater in the outer parenchyma than in the sapwood for most of the species, resulting in tissue-and species-specific differences in capacitance. Sapwood capacitance on a tissue volume basis ranged from 40 to 160 kg m(-3) MPa-1, whereas outer parenchyma capacitance ranged from 25 to only 60 kg m(-3) MPa-1. In addition, osmotic potentials at full turgor and at the turgor loss point were more negative for the outer parenchyma compared with the sapwood, and the maximum bulk elastic modulus was higher for the outer parenchyma than for the sapwood. Sapwood capacitance decreased linearly with increasing sapwood density across species, but there was no significant correlation between outer parenchyma capacitance and tissue density. Midday leaf water potential, the total hydraulic conductance of the soil/leaf pathway and stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(s)) all increased with stem volumetric capacitance, or with the relative contribution of stored water to total daily transpiration. However, the difference between the pre-dawn water potential of non-transpiring leaves and the weighted average soil water potential, a measure of the water potential disequilibrium between the plant and soil, increased asymptotically with total stem capacitance across species, implying that overnight recharge of water storage compartments was incomplete in species with greater capacitance. Overall, stem capacitance contributes to homeostasis in the diurnal and seasonal water balance of Cerrado trees. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA ARS, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func, Ciudad Univ, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 52 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01623.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 124XM UT WOS:000243405700010 PM 17238914 ER PT J AU Thangavel, P Long, S Minocha, R AF Thangavel, P. Long, Stephanie Minocha, Rakesh TI Changes in phytochelatins and their biosynthetic intermediates in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) cell suspension cultures under cadmium and zinc stress SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE amino acids; cysteine; gamma-glutamylcysteine; glutathione; heavy metals; HPLC; inorganic ions; metal detoxification; polyamines ID METAL BINDING PHYTOCHELATINS; HEAVY-METALS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; AMINO-ACIDS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; TRANSGENIC POPLARS; BETULA-PENDULA; INORGANIC-IONS AB Cell suspension cultures of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) were selected to study the effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on phytochelatins (PCs) and related metabolites after 24 h exposure. The PC2 and its precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) increased two to fourfold with Cd concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 200 mu M as compared to the control. However, Zn-treated cells showed a less than twofold increase in gamma-EC and PC2 levels as compared to the control even at the highest concentration of 800 mu M. In addition, unidentified higher chain PCs were also found in both the Cd and Zn treated cells and they increased significantly with increasing concentrations of Cd and Zn. The cellular ratio of PC2 : Cd or Zn content clearly indicated that Cd (with ratios ranging from 0.131 to 0.546) is a more effective inducer of PC2 synthesis/accumulation than Zn (with ratios ranging from 0.032 to 0.102) in red spruce cells. A marginal decrease in glutathione (GSH) was observed in both Cd and Zn treated cells. However, the GSH precursor, cysteine, declined twofold with all Cd concentrations while the decrease with Zn was 1.5-2-fold only at the higher treatment concentrations of Zn as compared to control. In addition, changes in other free amino acids, polyamines, and inorganic ions were also studied. These results suggest that PCs and their biosynthetic intermediates play a significant role in red spruce cells protecting against Cd and Zn toxicity. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Thangavel, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM thanvel@yahoo.com; rminocha@fs.fed.us NR 64 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s11240-006-9192-1 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 132EZ UT WOS:000243926600010 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE AF Lundquist, J. E. TI The relative influence of diseases and other small-scale disturbances on fuel loading in the black hills SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE abiotic disturbances; disturbance/fire interactions; forest disease; fuel-generating disturbances; harvesting; insects; pathogens; surface fuels ID FOREST DISTURBANCES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; PONDEROSA; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; FIRE; USA AB Disturbances that kill trees in forests often co-occur in time and/or space. This process results in changes in the fuel loading for wildfire. Determining specific causes of changing fuel loads can be complex. Path analysis was used to estimate the relative importance and the strength of interaction of each of nine small-scale disturbances affecting forest stands in the Black Hills. Different disturbances were partitioned according to their indirect and direct effects on fuel loads. Fire and wind had the greatest indirect effects; stem rots had the smallest. Root rots had the largest direct effects. Root rots, strong wind, stem rots, suppression, human disturbances, and tree cutting all caused fuel loads to increase. Treeless meadows, stem cankers, fire, ice/snow damage, failed regeneration, and shallow soil were associated with decreasing fuel loads. Grazing, lightning, bark beetles, and competition had null impacts. Disease control has two aims: reducing fire hazard and enhancing restoration. Understanding the biology and ecology of the agents that create dead wood is as fundamental to restoration ecology as it is to forest pathology. Management and control both begin by first determining the cause. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jiundquist@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-2-0147 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126VK UT WOS:000243543400004 ER PT J AU Jones, MW Redinbaugh, MG Louie, R AF Jones, M. W. Redinbaugh, M. G. Louie, R. TI The Mdm1 locus and maize resistance to Maize dwarf mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE potyvirus; restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); simple sequence repeat (SSR) ID CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; SCMV RESISTANCE; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; LOCATING GENES; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CORN; INHERITANCE; SIMILARITY; GERMPLASM AB Previously, Mdm1, a gene controlling resistance to Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), was identified in the inbred line Pa405. The gene was tightly linked to the restriction fragment length polymorphism marker umc85 on the short arm of chromosome 6. This chromosomal region is also the location of resistance genes to two other viruses in the family Potyviridae, Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A diverse collection of 115 maize inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to MDMV and SCMV, and for MDMV resistance loci on chromosome 6S. Forty-six resistant inbred lines were crossed to three MDMV-susceptible inbred lines to develop F-2 populations. The F-2 populations were inoculated with MDMV and scored for infection and symptom type. Environmental factors influenced both the rate and type of symptom development. Bulked segregant analysis of each F-2 population indicated that, in 42 of 43 MDMV-resistant lines, chromosome 6S markers found in the resistant parent also were present in the bulked resistant but not the susceptible tissue. Markers previously associated with resistance to both SCMV and WSMV on chromosome 3 and to WSMV on chromosome 10 were associated with resistance in nine and seven of the F-2 populations, respectively. These data suggest that Mdm1 or closely linked genes on chromosome 6S are associated with MDMV resistance in most germplasm, but that other loci also may affect resistance. C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM redinbaugh.2@osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-2-0185 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126VK UT WOS:000243543400010 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Sun, Q Davis, RE Lee, IM Liu, Q AF Zhao, Y. Sun, Q. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. -M. Liu, Q. TI First report of witches'-broom disease in a Cannabis spp. in China and its association with a phytoplasma of elm yellows group (16SrV) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2 BP 227 EP 227 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-2-0227C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126VK UT WOS:000243543400022 ER PT J AU Chao, WS Serpe, MD Jia, Y Shelver, WLL Anderson, JV Umeda, M AF Chao, Wun S. Serpe, Marcelo D. Jia, Ying Shelver, Weilin L. Anderson, James V. Umeda, Masaaki TI Potential roles for autophosphorylation, kinase activity, and abundance of a CDK-activating kinase (Ee;CDKF;1) during growth in leafy spurge SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autophosphorylation; CDK-activating kinase; leafy spurge ID RING FINGER PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIIH; PLANT-CELL CYCLE; BUDDING YEAST; FISSION YEAST; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; IN-VIVO; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a deep-rooted perennial weed that propagates both by seeds and underground adventitious buds located on the crown and roots. To enhance our understanding of growth and development during seed germination and vegetative propagation, a leafy spurge gene (Accession No. AF230740) encoding a CDK-activating kinase (Ee;CDKF;1) involved in cell-cycle progression was identified, and its function was confirmed based on its ability to rescue a yeast temperature-sensitive CAK mutant (GF2351) and through in vitro kinase assays. Site-directed mutagenesis of Ee;CDKF;1 indicated that two threonine residues (Thr291 and Thr296) were mutually responsible for intra-molecular autophosphorylation and for phosphorylating its substrate protein, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Polyclonal antibodies generated against the Ee;CDKF;1 protein or against a phosphorylated Ee;CDKF;1 peptide [NERYGSL(pT)SC] were used to examine abundance and phosphorylation of CDKF;1 during seed germination and bud growth. The levels of CDKF;1 were lower in dry or imbibed seeds than in germinating seeds or seedlings. Differences in CDKF;1 were also observed during adventitious bud development; small buds appeared to have greater levels of CDKF;1 than large buds. Similar patterns of CDKF;1 expression were detected with either the polyclonal antibody developed using the CDKF;1 protein or the phosphorylated peptide. These results indicated that Thr291 is constitutively phosphorylated in vivo and associated with Ee;CDKF;1 activity. Our results further suggest that a certain level of CDKF;1 activity is maintained in most tissues and may be an important phenomenon for enzymes that regulate early steps in cell-cycle signaling pathways. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Biol Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaow@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-9094-y PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 132FA UT WOS:000243926700005 PM 17063377 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Berthier-Schaad, Y Knorr, D AF Schaad, N. W. Berthier-Schaad, Y. Knorr, D. TI A high throughput membrane BIO-PCR technique for ultra-sensitive detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nested PCR; Phaseolus vulgaris; real-time PCR; vacuum filtration ID REAL-TIME; BEAN SEED; POTATO-TUBERS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ASSAY; AMPLIFICATION; STRAINS; BLIGHTS; FOODS; DNA AB Molecular-based methods such as PCR have greatly improved detection of bacteria in environmental samples. However, the sensitivity of PCR is not high when compared to agar plating assays, and inhibitors from plants are often a problem. Pre-enriching bacteria on agar media (BIO-PCR) can increase the sensitivity of PCR by more than 100% and reduce the effects of inhibitors. To further increase the sensitivity and also reduce the labour needed for BIO-PCR, a high throughput 96-well membrane BIO-PCR technique is described for ultra-sensitive detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (PSP) (syn. P. phaseolicola) in washings of seeds and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, using available classical PCR primers and newly designed real-time primers and probe. The primers and probe, designed from a tox-argK chromosomal cluster of the PSP-specific phaseolotoxin gene, were confirmed to be specific to PSP. Samples (1.2 mL) were filtered under vacuum in 96-well membrane plates. After incubating on soft agar medium for 48-52 h, each well is washed with 200 mu L of sterile water and used immediately for nested (two-step) PCR or real-time PCR or stored at -20 degrees C. Results of assaying spiked seed washings showed that classical PCR was unable to detect PSP at mean concentrations of 40 colony forming units (cfu) mL(-1). BIO-PCR detected PSP in five out of six samples at 40 mean cfu mL(-1) but none at mean concentrations of 4.2 and 0.4 mean cfu mL(-1). In contrast, membrane BIO-PCR detected the bacterium in all six samples tested containing as few as 0.4 mean cfu mL(-1). The sensitivity of detection from leaf washings was lower but the results were similar, classical and BIO-PCR were negative from all three levels of inoculum while membrane BIO-PCR detected three out of three samples at 80 mean cfu mL(-1) and one out of three at 40 mean cfu mL(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM norman.schaad@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01488.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 126IY UT WOS:000243507800001 ER PT J AU Dardick, C Chen, J Richter, T Ouyang, S Ronald, P AF Dardick, Christopher Chen, Johann Richter, Todd Ouyang, Shu Ronald, Pamela TI The rice kinase database. A phylogenomic database for the rice kinome SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES; PROTEIN-KINASES; ARABIDOPSIS; ENCODES; FAMILY; INSERTION; GENOMICS; TOMATO; SITE AB The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains 1,429 protein kinases, the vast majority of which have unknown functions. We created a phylogenomic database (http://rkd.ucdavis.edu) to facilitate functional analysis of this large gene family. Sequence and genomic data, including gene expression data and protein-protein interaction maps, can be displayed for each selected kinase in the context of a phylogenetic tree allowing for comparative analysis both within and between large kinase subfamilies. Interaction maps are easily accessed through links and displayed using Cytoscape, an open source software platform. Chromosomal distribution of all rice kinases can also be explored via an interactive interface. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Gen Res, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. RP Ronald, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59962, K12GM00679] NR 25 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1104/pp.106.087270 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 133SB UT WOS:000244032400004 PM 17172291 ER PT J AU Ilic, K Kellogg, EA Jaiswal, P Zapata, F Stevens, PF Vincent, LP Avraham, S Reiser, L Pujar, A Sachs, MM Whitman, NT McCouch, SR Schaeffer, ML Ware, DH Stein, LD Rhee, SY AF Ilic, Katica Kellogg, Elizabeth A. Jaiswal, Pankaj Zapata, Felipe Stevens, Peter F. Vincent, Leszek P. Avraham, Shulamit Reiser, Leonore Pujar, Anuradha Sachs, Martin M. Whitman, Noah T. McCouch, Susan R. Schaeffer, Mary L. Ware, Doreen H. Stein, Lincoln D. Rhee, Seung Y. TI The plant structure ontology, a unified vocabulary of anatomy and morphology of a flowering plant SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE; ARABIDOPSIS; BIOLOGY; RICE; GO AB Formal description of plant phenotypes and standardized annotation of gene expression and protein localization data require uniform terminology that accurately describes plant anatomy and morphology. This facilitates cross species comparative studies and quantitative comparison of phenotypes and expression patterns. A major drawback is variable terminology that is used to describe plant anatomy and morphology in publications and genomic databases for different species. The same terms are sometimes applied to different plant structures in different taxonomic groups. Conversely, similar structures are named by their species-specific terms. To address this problem, we created the Plant Structure Ontology (PSO), the first generic ontological representation of anatomy and morphology of a flowering plant. The PSO is intended for a broad plant research community, including bench scientists, curators in genomic databases, and bioinformaticians. The initial releases of the PSO integrated existing ontologies for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa); more recent versions of the ontology encompass terms relevant to Fabaceae, Solanaceae, additional cereal crops, and poplar (Populus spp.). Databases such as The Arabidopsis Information Resource, Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, Gramene, MaizeGDB, and SOL Genomics Network are using the PSO to describe expression patterns of genes and phenotypes of mutants and natural variants and are regularly contributing new annotations to the Plant Ontology database. The PSO is also used in specialized public databases, such as BRENDA, GENEVESTIGATOR, NASCArrays, and others. Over 10,000 gene annotations and phenotype descriptions from participating databases can be queried and retrieved using the Plant Ontology browser. The PSO, as well as contributed gene associations, can be obtained at www.plantontology.org. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carnegie Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Illinois, Maize Genet Cooperat Stock Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rhee, SY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carnegie Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rhee@acoma.stanford.edu RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013; Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447; Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Reiser, Leonore/0000-0003-0073-0858; Zapata, Felipe/0000-0002-9386-0573 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 587 EP 599 DI 10.1104/pp.106.092825 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 133SB UT WOS:000244032400005 PM 17142475 ER PT J AU DeRidder, BP Salvucci, ME AF DeRidder, Benjamin P. Salvucci, Michael E. TI Modulation of Rubisco activase gene expression during heat stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) involves post-transcriptional mechanisms SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubisco activase; heat stress; photosynthesis; cotton; gene expression; nuclear run-on ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RAPID DECAY; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; TOBACCO AB Inhibition of photosynthesis by heat stress involves deactivation of Rubisco and is exacerbated by the low thermal stability of Rubisco's chaperone, activase. Activase structure, activity and protein expression have been the focus of previous work examining the effect of heat stress on this enzyme. Relatively little is known about the response of activase gene expression to moderate heat stress or the extent to which transcriptional mechanisms control acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress. In the current study, the effect of moderate heat stress on the diurnal expression of three activase genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including a newly identified member of the gene family, was examined. All three activase genes displayed a diurnal pattern of expression under optimal growth conditions, as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Although steady-state mRNA levels were reduced in the short-term by heat stress, transcript levels appeared to recover by the next diurnal cycle. Nuclear run-on assays utilizing real-time RT-PCR suggested mRNA stability, not synthesis, was responsible for the observed acclimatization. Identification of activase transcripts with alternative 3'-untranslated regions suggests a possible means for increasing transcript stability and hastening recovery of steady-state mRNA levels during heat stress. Together the results indicate activase gene expression is influenced by post-transcriptional mechanisms that may contribute to acclimation of photosynthesis during extended periods of heat stress. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP DeRidder, BP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM bderidder@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.08.014 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 138JI UT WOS:000244358500009 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, JE Bergey, DR AF Dombrowski, James E. Bergey, Daniel R. TI Calcium ions enhance systemin activity and play an integral role in the wound response SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; divalent cations; magnesium; proteinase inhibitors; systemin; wound response ID ETHYLENE-DEPENDENT RESPONSES; SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; TOMATO PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICITORS; LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; PROTEIN-KINASES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AB The activation of defense genes in response to wounding involves the integration of multiple inputs from various signaling molecules produced in different tissues and cellular compartments. In this report, we demonstrate that calcium and magnesium ions enhance systemin activity and that calcium fluxes are necessary for wound gene activation. During wounding, intracellular contents such as calcium, magnesium and the defense peptide systemin, a potent activator of the wound response, are released into the apoplastic space. Our analysis showed that elevated concentrations of calcium or magnesium ions in the apoplast significantly enhanced the biological activity of systemin by decreasing the concentration necessary to induce maximal proteinase inhibitor accumulation by 100-fold. Calcium ionophores disrupt calcium gradients across biological membranes and consequently elevate intracellular calcium levels. Plants treated with the calcium ionophores ionomycin and A23187 induced the accumulation of proteinase inhibitor proteins to levels similar to those produced by wounding. lonophore-mediated proteinase inhibitor induction was blocked in the jasmonic acid signaling mutant def-1, indicating that increased levels of intracellular calcium activated the octadecanoid pathway leading to wound gene activation. Calcium transport antagonists (nifedipine, verapamil, ruthenium red, and erythrosine-B) were found to inhibit proteinase inhibitor synthesis in response to wounding, whereas extracellular calcium chelators were found to induce the synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in a jasmonic acid-dependent and systemin-independent manner. Taken together, our data show that calcium and potentially magnesium ions play an integral role in mediating the plant's response to wounding. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Black Hills State Univ, Dept Biol, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dombrowj@onid.orst.edu NR 62 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.09.011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 138JI UT WOS:000244358500019 ER PT J AU Lozovaya, VV Lygin, AV Zernova, OV Ulanov, AV Li, SX Hartman, GL Widholm, JM AF Lozovaya, Vera V. Lygin, Anatoliy V. Zernova, Olga V. Ulanov, Alexander V. Li, Shuxian Hartman, Glen L. Widholm, Jack M. TI Modification of phenolic metabolism in soybean hairy roots through down regulation of chalcone synthase or isoflavone synthase SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE disease; genetic engineering; phenylpropanoids; resistance; hairy roots; soybean ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; F-SP GLYCINEA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; CYST-NEMATODE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS AB Soybean hairy roots, transformed with the soybean chalcone synthase (CHS6) or isoflavone synthase (IFS2) genes, with dramatically decreased capacity to synthesize isoflavones were produced to determine what effects these changes would have on susceptibility to a fungal pathogen. The isoflavone and coumestrol concentrations were decreased by about 90% in most lines apparently due to gene silencing. The IFS2 transformed lines had very low IFS enzyme activity in microsomal fractions as measured by the conversion of naringenin to genistein. The CHS6 lines with decreased isoflavone concentrations had 5 to 20-fold lower CHS enzyme activities than the appropriate controls. Both IFS2 and CHS transformed lines accumulated higher concentrations of both soluble and cell wall bound phenolic acids compared to controls with higher levels found in the CHS6 lines indicating alterations in the lignin biosynthetic branch of the pathway. Induction of the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin, of which the precursor is the isoflavone daidzein, by the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (FSG) that causes soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) showed that the low isoflavone transformed lines did not accumulate glyceollin while the control lines did. The (iso)liquritigenin content increased upon FSG induction in the IFS2 transformed roots indicating that the pathway reactions before this point can control isoflavonoid synthesis. The lowest fungal growth rate on hairy roots was found on the FSG partially resistant control roots followed by the SDS sensitive control roots and the low isoflavone transformants. The results indicate the importance of phytoalexin synthesis in root resistance to the pathogen. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lozovaya, VV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lozovaya@uiuc.edu; lygin@uiuc.edu; zernova@uiuc.edu; ulanov@uiuc.edu; SLI@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; ghartman@uiuc.edu; widholm@uiuc.edu NR 51 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2007 VL 225 IS 3 BP 665 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0368-z PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132TB UT WOS:000243964000012 PM 16924535 ER PT J AU Dhanaraj, AL Alkharouf, NW Beard, HS Chouikha, IB Matthews, BF Wei, H Arora, R Rowland, LJ AF Dhanaraj, Anik L. Alkharouf, Nadim W. Beard, Hunter S. Chouikha, Imed B. Matthews, Benjamin F. Wei, Hui Arora, Rajeev Rowland, Lisa J. TI Major differences observed in transcript profiles of blueberry during cold acclimation under field and cold room conditions SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE blueberry; cold hardiness; cold tolerance; freezing tolerance; genomics; Vaccinium ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA MICROARRAY; FLORAL BUDS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; MOLECULAR RESPONSES; STRESS TOLERANCE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN AB Our laboratory has been working toward increasing our understanding of the genetic control of cold hardiness in blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) to ultimately use this information to develop more cold hardy cultivars for the industry. Here, we report using cDNA microarrays to monitor changes in gene expression at multiple times during cold acclimation under field and cold room conditions. Microarrays contained over 2,500 cDNA inserts, approximately half of which had been picked and single-pass sequenced from each of two cDNA libraries that were constructed from cold acclimated floral buds and non-acclimated floral buds of the fairly cold hardy cv. Bluecrop (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Two biological samples were examined at each time point. Microarray data were analyzed statistically using t tests, ANOVA, clustering algorithms, and online analytical processing (OLAP). Interestingly, more transcripts were found to be upregulated under cold room conditions than under field conditions. Many of the genes induced only under cold room conditions could be divided into three major types: (1) genes associated with stress tolerance; (2) those that encode glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes, and (3) those associated with protein synthesis machinery. A few of the genes induced only under field conditions appear to be related to light stress. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed in physiological context. Although many similarities exist in how plants respond during cold acclimation in the cold room and in the field environment, there are major differences suggesting caution should be taken in interpreting results based only on artificial, cold room conditions. C1 USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2007 VL 225 IS 3 BP 735 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0382-1 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132TB UT WOS:000243964000017 PM 16953429 ER PT J AU Noh, HK Lu, RF AF Noh, Hyun Kwon Lu, Renfu TI Hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging for assessing apple fruit quality SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple quality; fluorescence; hyperspectral image; laser-induced; neural networks ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SOLUBLE SOLIDS; FIRMNESS; HARVEST; STORAGE AB Chlorophyll fluorescence is a promising technique for postharvest quality research, and reported studies were mainly based on the fluorescence kinetic analysis method, which has not been quite satisfactory for measuring fruit quality. This paper reports on using a hyperspectral imaging technique for measurement of laser-induced fluorescence from apple fruit for predicting multiple fruit quality parameters. A continuous wave blue laser (408 nm) was used as an excitation source for inducing fluorescence in apples. Fluorescence scattering images were acquired from 'Golden Delicious' apples by a hyperspectral imaging system at the instance of laser illumination (0 min) and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min of illumination. The hyperspectral fluorescence image data were represented by mean, maximum, and standard deviation spectra. Standard tests were performed on measuring fruit skin and flesh color, firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acid. A hybrid method of combining principal component analysis and neural network modeling was used for developing prediction models to predict fruit quality parameters for each of the six illumination time periods. Fluorescence emission decreased steadily during the first 3 min of illumination and was stable within 5 min. The 0-min fluorescence prediction models had somewhat poorer prediction results for individual quality parameters except skin hue than did the models of longer illumination time. The differences were minimal in the model prediction results from the fluorescence data at 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min of illumination. Overall, excellent predictions were obtained for apple skin hue with the correlation coefficient of prediction of 0.94. Relatively good predictions were obtained for fruit firmness, skin chroma, and flesh hue with values for the correlation coefficient being equal to or greater than 0.74 for 1 min of illumination or longer times, and poorer correlations were found for soluble solids content, titratable acid, and flesh chroma. Hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging is potentially useful for assessing selected quality parameters of apple fruit and further research is needed to improve fluorescence measurement for better prediction of fruit quality. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, MWA SBRU, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, MWA SBRU, 105A Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 25 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.09.006 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 147DG UT WOS:000244983000002 ER PT J AU Havenstein, GB Ferket, PR Grimes, JL Qureshi, MA Nestor, KE AF Havenstein, G. B. Ferket, P. R. Grimes, J. L. Qureshi, M. A. Nestor, K. E. TI Comparison of the performance of 1966-versus 2003-type turkeys when fed representative 1966 and 2003 turkey diets: Growth rate, livability, and feed conversion SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; body weight; feed conversion; livability; genetic change ID 1991 BROILER DIETS; FED TYPICAL 1957; COMMERCIAL BROILER; STRAIN AB Body weight, livability, and feed conversion of a randombred control turkey line (RBC2) started in 1966 at The Ohio State University was compared with that of modern commercial turkeys hatched in 2003 when fed representative 1966- and 2003-type diets from hatch (March 5, 2003) through 196 d of age. Each pen of modern turkeys consisted of 5 birds each of the Nicholas, British United Turkeys of America, and Hybrid strains. Eight groups (i.e., 2 strains (RBC2 vs. modern), 2 sexes, and 2 dietary regimens) were randomly assigned into each of 4 blocks of 8 litter floor pens (32 total) for growout. Using the BW performance of the 2 strains on the modern feed as the basis, the study showed that the 2003 turkeys were approximately twice as heavy as the 1966 RBC2 at the 4 slaughter ages and that tom weights have increased by 186, 208, 227, and 241 g/yr, and hen weights have increased by 164, 179, 186, and 205 g/yr at 112, 140, 168, and 196 d of age, respectively, over the past 37 yr. Cumulative feed conversion (kg of feed/kg of BW) was approximately 20% better in the 2003 tom turkey on the 2003 feed (2.638) than in the RBC2 tom on the 1966 feed (3.278) at 20 wk of age. Feed efficiency to 11 kg of BW in the 2003 toms (2.132 at 98 d of age) was approximately 50% better than in the RBC2 toms (4.208 at 196 d of age). The number of days to reach that weight was halved during this period of time. Growth performance during the different periods of the study appeared to be strongly affected by type of feed used and seasonal changes in ambient temperature. Overall livability was very good for all groups, but the mortality level of the RBC2 was consistently higher, although not significantly so, than for the modern birds. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Havenstein, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gerald_Havenstein@ncsu.edu NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800005 PM 17234835 ER PT J AU Cheema, MA Qureshi, MA Havenstein, GB Ferket, PR Nestor, KE AF Cheema, M. A. Qureshi, M. A. Havenstein, G. B. Ferket, P. R. Nestor, K. E. TI Comparison of the immune response of 2003 commercial turkeys and a 1966 randombred strain when fed representative 2003 and 1966 turkey diets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic change; immunological change; diet; turkey ID INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CONTROL POPULATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; EGG-PRODUCTION; BROILER DIETS; FOWL CHOLERA; SELECTION; CHICKENS AB The immunological performance of modern turkeys (one-third each of the Nicholas Turkey, British United Turkeys of America, and Hybrid Turkey strains) hatched in 2003 (2003 strain) was compared with that of a randombred control turkey strain (RBC2) established in calendar year 1966, when fed representative 1966 and 2003 type diets. The 2003 strain had a higher BW and bursa of Fabricius weight relative to total BW compared with the RBC2 strain (P = 0.0001) when measured at 12 and 13 d of age, respectively. Total antibody response against SRBC did not differ between strains, nor were any differences observed in the IgM antibody levels either during a primary or secondary SRBC challenge. However, RBC2 poults had higher IgG levels (P = 0.02) than the 2003 strain at 7 d post secondary SRBC challenge. No significant differences were observed in the phytohemagglutinin phosphate-mediated toe-web lymphoblastic response. However, the 2003-strain turkeys seemed to have a better swelling response (P = 0.06) than the RBC2-strain turkeys when measured at 24 h post phytohemagglutinin phosphate injection. The modern turkeys also had higher mononuclear phagocytic system function, as measured by clearance of carbon particles from the bloodstream 5 min post intravenous injection of colloidal carbon (P = 0.02). These results indicate that selection over the years of turkeys for improved performance traits has had no adverse effects on most of the immune system indicators when examined prior to sexual maturity in the current study. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Havenstein, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gerald_Havenstein@ncsu.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800006 PM 17234836 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Deeb, N Evock-Clover, CM Mitchell, AD Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H. Deeb, N. Evock-Clover, C. M. Mitchell, A. D. Ashwell, C. M. Lamont, S. J. TI Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. III. Skeletal integrity SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genome scan; quantitative trait loci; skeletal integrity; broiler; inbred line ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-COMPOSITION; CHONDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; OSTEOCALCIN GENE; SECRETED PROTEIN; GROWTH; LOCI; MICE; EXPRESSION; VALIDATION AB Two unique chicken F-2 populations generated from a broiler breeder male line and 2 genetically distinct inbred (> 99%) chicken lines (Leghom and Fayourni) were used for whole genome QTL analysis. Twelve phenotypic skeletal integrity traits (6 absolute and 6 relative traits) were measured or calculated, including bone mineral content, bone mineral density, tibia length, shank length, shank weight, and shank length:shank weight. All traits were also expressed as a percentage of BW at 8 wk of age. Birds were genotyped for 269 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. The QTL affecting bone traits in chickens were detected by the QTL express program. Significance levels were obtained using the permutation test. For the 12 traits, a total of 56 significant QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wise significance level, of which 14 and 10 were significant at the 5% genome-wise level for the broiler-Leghorn cross and broiler-Fayoumi cross, respectively. Phenotypic variation for each trait explained by all detected QTL across the genome ranged from 12.0 to 35.6% in the broiler-Leghom cross and 2.9 to 31.3% in the broiler-Fayourni cross. Different QTL profiles identified between the 2 related F-2 crosses for most traits suggested that genetic background is an important factor for QTL analysis. Study of associations of biological candidate genes with skeletal integrity traits in chickens will reveal new knowledge of understanding biological process of skeletal homeostasis. The results of the current study have identified markers for bone strength traits, which may be used to genetically improve skeletal integrity in chickens by MAS, and to identify the causal genes for these traits. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800008 PM 17234838 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Evock-Clover, CM McMurtry, JP Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H. Evock-Clover, C. M. McMurtry, J. P. Ashwell, C. M. Lamont, S. J. TI Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. IV. Metabolic traits SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genome scan; quantitative trait loci; metabolic trait; broiler; inbred line ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BROILER-CHICKENS; THYROID-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; BODY-COMPOSITION; SERUM-INSULIN; IGF-I; MICE; LOCI AB The current study is a comprehensive genome analysis to detect QTL affecting metabolic traits in chickens. Two unique F-2 crosses generated from a commercial broiler male line and 2 genetically distinct inbred lines (Leghom and Fayoumi) were used in the present study. The plasma glucagon, insulin, lactate, glucose, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor II concentrations at 8 wk were measured in the 2 F2 crosses. Birds were genotyped for 269 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. The program QTL Express was used for QTL detection. Significance levels were obtained using the permutation test. For the 10 traits, a total of 6 and 9 significant QTL were detected at a 1% chromosome-wise significance level, of which 1 and 6 were significant at the 5% genome-wise level for the broiler-Leghom cross and broiler-Fayoumi cross, respectively. Most QTL for metabolic traits in the present study were detected in Gga 2, 6, 8, 9, 13, and Z for the broiler-Leghorn cross and Gga 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 13, 17, and E47 for the broiler-Fayourni cross. Phenotypic variation for each trait explained by all QTL across genome ranged from 2.73 to 14.08% in the broiler-Leghorn cross and from 6.93 to 21.15% in the broiler-Fayoumi cross. Several positional candidate genes within the QTL region for metabolic traits at the 1% chromosome-wise significance level are biologically associated with the regulation of metabolic pathways of insulin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800009 PM 17234839 ER PT J AU Linares, LB Broomhead, JN Guaiume, EA Ledoux, DR Veum, TL Raboy, V AF Linares, L. B. Broomhead, J. N. Guaiume, E. A. Ledoux, D. R. Veum, T. L. Raboy, V. TI Effects of low phytate barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on zinc utilization in young broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytate; barley; zinc; chick; autoclaving ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FED SEMIPURIFIED DIETS; PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; BONE MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; MOLAR RATIO; CORN; AVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION AB Two 21-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low phytate barley (LPB) on Zn utilization by young broiler chicks and to determine the contribution of endogenous phytase, present in LPB. In the first experiment, ninety-six 1-d-old male chicks were assigned to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pens of 4 chicks/treatment). Factors were barley type [wild-type barley (WTB) and LPB mutant M 955] and supplemental Zn (0, 10, or 20 mg of Zn/kg). In the second experiment, two hundred forty 1-d-old straight-run broiler chicks were assigned to a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pens of 5 chicks/treatment). Factors were barley type (WTB and LPB), autoclave treatment [nonautoclaved or autoclaved (121 degrees C, 20 kg/cm(2), 20 min)], and supplemental Zn (0, 10 or 20 mg of Zn/kg). Barley made up 60% of the diets and was the only source of phytate. On average, basal diets contained 26 mg of Zn/kg. Feed intake and body weight gain were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers fed LPB compared with WTB in experiment 2. Zinc concentration in toes and tibias were affected (P < 0.0001) by barley type (LPB > WTB) and supplemented Zn levels (20 > 10 > 0 mg of Zn/kg), and significant barley type x Zn interactions were also observed in both experiments. Substitution of LPB for WTB increased tibia and toe Zn by 46 and 25%, respectively, an increase comparable to that achieved with supplementing the diet with 20 mg of Zn/kg. No effect of autoclaving was observed for any variable in experiment 2. Retention of P and Zn was higher (P < 0.001) in chicks fed LPB compared with WTB in both experiments. Zinc retention was influenced (P < 0.0001) by dietary Zn, and barley type x Zn level interactions (P < 0.05) were observed in both experiments. Chicks fed LPB utilized more dietary Zn and P than those fed WTB, and this improved mineral utilization was not due to endogenous phytase present in barley. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Ledoux, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ledouxd@missouri.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800013 PM 17234843 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Georgsson, F Lowman, R Bisaillon, JR Reiersen, J Callicott, KA Geirsdottir, M Hrolfsdottir, R Hiett, KL AF Stern, N. J. Georgsson, F. Lowman, R. Bisaillon, J. -R. Reiersen, J. Callicott, K. A. Geirsdottir, M. Hrolfsdottir, R. Hiett, K. L. CA Campy On Ice Consortium TI Frequency and enumeration of Campylobacter species from processed broiler carcasses by weep and rinse samples SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; frequency; enumeration; weep; rinse ID JEJUNI; SPP.; RECOVERY; RAW AB Frequency and numbers of Campylobacter spp. were assessed per freshly processed, contaminated broiler carcass. Campylobacter-positive flocks were identified by cecal sample analysis at slaughter. These flocks had been tested as Campylobacter negative at 4.1 +/- 0.9 d prior to slaughter. Levels of contamination were estimated using 2 sampling approaches per carcass: (1) free weep fluids and (2) whole-carcass, 100 mL of distilled water rinses. Estimations of counts were determined by directly plating dilutions of weeps and rinses onto Campy-Cefex agar and incubating the plates at 41.5 degrees C under microaerobic atmosphere. Confirmation was provided by latex agglutination to quantify levels per milliliter of weep and per 100 mL of rinse. Thirty-two slaughter groups (similar to 20 carcasses per group) were compared from 2003 to 2004. The Campylobacter-positive weep frequency was 84.8%, whereas the frequency for rinse samples was 74.4% (P < 0.001). Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. on positive samples ranged from 0.70 to 6.13 log(10) cfu/mL of weep (geometric mean of 2.84) and from 2.30 to 7.72 log(10) cfu/100 mL of rinse (geometric mean of 4.38). The correlations between weep and rinse were 0.814 with 0.5 mL of rinse and 0.6294 when applying 0.1 mL of rinse The quantitative regression analyses for these 2 corresponding tests were log(10) rinse (for 0.5 mL of inoculum) = 1.1965 log(10) weep + 0.4979, and log(10) rinse (for 0.1 mL of inoculum) = 1.322 log(10) weep - 0.1521. FlaA SVR sequencing of isolates indicated that the same genotypes were found in weep and rinse samples. Weep and rinse sampling led to different proportions of Campylobacter-positive carcasses detection, but we demonstrated that this difference was reduced by increasing the amount of rinse fluid used for plating. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Food Lab Environm & Food Agcy Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. Agr Agcy Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM norman.stern@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 394 EP 399 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 131BB UT WOS:000243841800026 PM 17234856 ER PT J AU Hessl, A Miller, J Kernan, J Keenum, D McKenzie, D AF Hessl, Amy Miller, Jennifer Kernan, James Keenum, David McKenzie, Don TI Mapping paleo-fire boundaries from binary point data: Comparing interpolation methods SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE indicator kriging; inverse distance weighting; paleo-fire; ponderosa pine; ROC plot ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CASCADES; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; HISTORY; MODELS; VEGETATION AB Fire history studies have traditionally emphasized temporal rather than spatial properties of paleo-fire regimes. In this study we compare four methods of mapping paleo-fires in central Washington from binary point data: indicator kriging, inverse distance weighting, Thiessen polygons, and an expert approach. We evaluate the results of each mapping method using a test (validation) dataset and receiver operating characteristic plots. Interpolation methods perform well, but results vary with fire size and spatial pattern of points. Though all methods involve some subjectivity, automated interpolation methods perform well, are replicable, and can be applied across varying landscapes. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Hessl, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Amy.Hessl@mail.wvu.edu; Jennifer.Miller@mail.wvu.edu; kernan@geneseo.edu; dkeenum@fs.fed.us; donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 87 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00593.x PG 18 WC Geography SC Geography GA 128DH UT WOS:000243637200008 ER PT J AU Behling, H Dupont, L Safford, HD Wefer, G AF Behling, Hermann Dupont, Lydie Safford, Hugh DeForest Wefer, Gerold TI Late Quaternary vegetation and climate dynamics in the Serra da Bocaina, southeastern Brazil SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CAMPOS-DE-ALTITUDE; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; FIRE HISTORY; SE BRAZIL; BIOME RECONSTRUCTIONS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; RAIN-FOREST; POLLEN; CORE; PARAMOS AB Late Quaternary vegetation, fire and climate dynamics were studied by pollen and charcoal analysis in the Serra da Bocaina, in the coastal ranges of southeastern Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and S (a) over tildeo Paulo States. Samples were taken from two cores, Serra da Bocaina I and 2. Seven radiocarbon dates indicate deposits of Late Pleistocene to Holocene age. During the period between 18,570 and 14,570 cal BP wide-spread grassland ("campos") with frequent fires existed in the higher Serra da Bocaina; taken together with other evidence, this indicates relatively dry and cold climatic conditions for this period. Upper montane forest occurred in protected valleys or on slopes at lower elevations. The conifer Araucaria angustifolia has been present in the Serra da Bocaina since the Late Pleistocene, but populations have fluctuated. An erosion hiatus in the Late-glacial period, evidenced by reworked deposits lacking pollen, was probably caused by increased rainfall during the Younger Dryas period. Upper montane forest taxa expanded during the Holocene, especially after 7260 cal BP. Indications are that the early and mid Holocene were dry and relatively warm, with an annual dry season longer than present day. Modern patches of campos in the Serra da Bocaina are remnants of more expansive grasslands during glacial times. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Univ Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Behling, H (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Palynol & Climate Dynam, Albrecht Haller Inst Plant Sci, Untere Karspule 2, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. EM Hermann.Behling@bio.uni-goettingen.de RI Gerold, Wefer/S-2291-2016; OI Gerold, Wefer/0000-0002-6803-2020; Dupont, Lydie/0000-0001-9531-6793 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 161 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.021 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 146FF UT WOS:000244919200003 ER PT J AU Lucci, CM Schreier, LL Machad, GM Amorim, CA Bao, SN Dobrinsky, JR AF Lucci, C. M. Schreier, L. L. Machad, G. M. Amorim, C. A. Bao, S. N. Dobrinsky, J. R. TI Effects of storing pig ovaries at 4 or 20 degrees C for different periods of time on the morphology and viability of pre-antral follicles SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PREANTRAL FOLLICLES; LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; LONG-TERM CULTURE; IN-VITRO GROWTH; INCUBATION TIMES; BRAUN-COLLINS; COCONUT WATER; OOCYTES; TISSUE; PRESERVATION AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooling ovarian tissue on pig pre-antral follicles. Ovaries were maintained in saline solution (0.9%) at 4 or 20 degrees C for 6, 12 or 18 h. After storage, pre-antral follicles were morphologically evaluated. While primordial follicles were not affected by the storage, the percentage of morphologically normal growing follicles was significantly reduced in ovarian tissue stored at 20 degrees C for 12 or 18 h. To test the viability of stored follicles, growing follicles isolated from ovaries stored at 4 degrees C for 18 h and at 20 degrees C for 6 h were cultured for 3 days. Follicles stored in either condition presented the same growth pattern in vitro as fresh follicles. We conclude that storage of pig ovaries at 4 degrees C for up to 18 h or at 20 degrees C for up to 6 h does not affect the morphology of growing follicles or their ability to grow in vitro. C1 Univ Brasilia, Lab Microscopia Eletron, Dept Biol Celular, Inst Biol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lucci, CM (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Lab Microscopia Eletron, Dept Biol Celular, Inst Biol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM cmlucci@unb.br RI Amorim, Christiani/A-1378-2008; Lucci, Carolina/C-9915-2014 OI Amorim, Christiani/0000-0003-1794-0368; NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00734.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 136HW UT WOS:000244214200015 PM 17214778 ER PT J AU Kauf, ACW Vinyard, BT Bannerman, DD AF Kauf, Adam C. W. Vinyard, Bryan T. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Effect of intramammary infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; toll-like receptor ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FACTOR-ALPHA; ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DAIRY-COWS; TNF-ALPHA; TGF-BETA AB Mastitis due to Staphylococeus aureus is a significant problem in the dairy industry and is refractory to antibiotic treatment and/or vaccine prevention. Relative to other mastitis-causing pathogens, S. aureus elicits a diminutive host inflammatory response during intra-mammary infection. To determine whether induction of a heightened inflammatory response could influence outcome of infection, the highly pro-inflammatory molecule bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused into udder quarters experimentally infected with S. aureus. Relative to S. aureus-infected udder quarters receiving saline, quarters infused with LPS demonstrated a heightened inflammatory response as demonstrated by the induction of TNF-alpha and higher milk somatic cell counts and albumin levels. Although there was no overall effect on bacterial clearance, a trend toward reduced bacterial numbers during the immediate pro-inflammatory response following LPS infusion was observed suggesting that this novel approach to treating S. aureus intramammary infection may warrant further investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 82 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.05.006 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 127ZZ UT WOS:000243626500008 PM 16887158 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ AF Ellis, Kenneth J. TI Evaluation of body composition in neonates and infants SO SEMINARS IN FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE (40)K; bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); body composition; bone mineral; duat-energy X-ray; absorptiometry (DXA); fat mass; fat-free mass; PEA POD ID AIR-DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPH; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND; PRETERM INFANTS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MASS; VALIDATION; IMPEDANCE AB A better understanding of the nutritional needs of both healthy and sick infants is important. Not only does too much or too little nutrition during early life have tong-term effects on health, but periods of rapid growth during the first year of life also have long-term consequences. Knowledge of the changes in body composition in early life can help to better define nutritional needs at these ages. Several methods are available for measuring body composition of neonates and infants. Most focus on an assessment of either body fatness or bone mineralization; only a few can monitor the quality of the non-fat lean tissues. This paper provides an evaluation of the different approaches currently available to monitor infant body composition, identifying both their strengths and limitations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellis@bcm.tmc.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-165X J9 SEMIN FETAL NEONAT M JI Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.siny.2006.10.011 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 136PU UT WOS:000244237400012 PM 17174616 ER PT J AU Hatfield, PG Blodgett, SL Spezzano, TM Goosey, HB Lenssen, AW Kott, RW Marlow, CB AF Hatfield, P. G. Blodgett, S. L. Spezzano, T. M. Goosey, H. B. Lenssen, A. W. Kott, R. W. Marlow, C. B. TI Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems I. Impact on over-wintering larva populations of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera : Cephidae) SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wheat stem sawfly control; sheep grazing; tillage; burning; trampling AB Wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is the most damaging insect pest to Montana's $ 1 billion dollar per year grain industry. Current WSS control methods are either expensive, reduce wheat yields, or are not effective. Our objective was to compare burning, grazing, tilling, trampling and clipping wheat stubble fields on over-wintering WSS larval populations. Treatments were evaluated in three experiments using a randomized complete block design and four replications at each site. Eight, six, and two sites were used for Experiments I, 2, and 3, respectively. Contrast statements were used to make pre-planned comparisons among treatments. For Experiment 1, treatments were fall tilled, fall grazed, spring grazed, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) grazed, and an untreated control. Five mature ewes were confined with electric fence to 111 m(2)-plot for 24 h in the fall and spring grazed treatments resulting in a stocking rate of 452 sheep d/ha. For Fall/Spr, the stocking rate was 904 sheep d/ha. For Experiment 2, treatments were fall grazed, fall burned, fall tilled, and an untreated control. In Experiment 3, treatments were fall trampled, spring trampled, Fall/Spr trampled, hand clipped to a stubble height of 4.5 em, and an untreated control. Trampled treatments were done at the same stocking rates as grazing treatments but sheep were muzzled to prevent intake. Wheat stern sawfly larval numbers were collected in the fall and spring, pre- and post-treatment, respectively, by collecting all plant material from three, 0.46 m lengths of row and counting the number of live larvae present. In Experiment 1, W SS mortality was greater (P < 0.01) for the mean of all grazed treatments (68.4%) than either control (43%) or tilled (47%) plots. Mortality did not differ (P=0.75) between fall (67%) and spring (64%) grazed plots but was greater (P=0.02) for Fall/Spr (74%). In Experiment 2, larva mortality was greater (P < 0.01) for fall grazed (63%) than burned plots (52%). In Experiment 3, WSS mortality was greater (P < 0.01) for the mean of all trampling treatments (57%) than either control (33%) or clipped (32%) plots. Mortality did not differ (P > 0.25) between fall (54%) and spring trampling (47%) but was greater (P=0.01) for Fall/Spr (70.6%). No differences (P > 0.25) were detected for WSS mortality when grazing was compared to trampling. These results indicate the potential for using grazing sheep to control wheat stem sawfly infestations in cereal grain production systems. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Sys Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Hatfield, PG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hatfield@montana.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.10.002 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 117QH UT WOS:000242887500013 ER PT J AU Hatfield, PG Lenssen, AW Spezzano, TM Blodgett, SL Goosey, HB Kott, RW Marlow, CB AF Hatfield, P. G. Lenssen, A. W. Spezzano, T. M. Blodgett, S. L. Goosey, H. B. Kott, R. W. Marlow, C. B. TI Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems II. Impact on changes in biomass and weed density SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fallow management; weed control; sheep grazing; tillage; burning; trampling ID IDAHO FESCUE COMMUNITY AB Weed control in fallow management to conserve soil moisture and nutrients is the largest variable cost to dryland grain production. Our objective was to compare burning, grazing, tilling, trampling and clipping wheat stubble fields on changes in total aboveground biomass and weed density. Treatments were evaluated in three experiments using a randomized complete block design for each experiment with four replications at each site. Contrasts statements were used to make pre-planned comparisons. For experiment 1, treatments were fall tilled, fall grazed, spring grazed, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) grazed, and an untreated control. For grazing treatments, five mature ewes were confined with electric fence to 111 m(2) plot for 24 h for fall and spring resulting in a stocking rate of 452 sheep day/ha. For Fall/Spr the stocking rate was 904 sheep day/ha. For experiment 2, treatments were fall grazed, fall burned, fall tilled, and an untreated control. In experiment 3, treatments were fall trampling by sheep, spring trampling by sheep, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) trampling by sheep, stubble hand clipped to a height of 4.5 cm, and an untreated control. Trampling treatments were applied at the same stocking rates as grazing treatments but sheep were muzzled to prevent intake. Data were collected in the fall, prior to treatment imposition, and spring, after treatments had been removed. Post treatment biomass and weed density were greater (P < 0.05) in either control or tilled plots when compared to grazed plots. Post treatment biomass and weed density were greater (P < 0.01) for control than burned plots. Post treatment biomass, weed density, and percent change in these variables, did not differ (P > 0.08) between burned and tilled, and burned and grazed treatments. These results indicate the potential for using grazing sheep as a component in fallow management to reduce biomass and control weeds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hatfield, PG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hatfield@montana.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.10.004 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 117QH UT WOS:000242887500014 ER PT J AU Hatfield, PG Goosey, HB Spezzano, TM Blodgett, SL Lenssen, AW Kott, RW Marlow, CB AF Hatfield, P. G. Goosey, H. B. Spezzano, T. M. Blodgett, S. L. Lenssen, A. W. Kott, R. W. Marlow, C. B. TI Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems III. Impact on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil bulk density; grazing sheep; tillage; burning; trampling ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WHEAT; TILLAGE; COMPACTION; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS AB Changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles are a major concern of dryland grain producers considering grazing sheep on cereal stubble fields. Our objective was to compare burned, grazed, tilled, trampled and clipped wheat stubble fields on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles. Treatments were evaluated in a series of three experiments using a randomized complete block design and four replications at each site. Contrast statements were used to make pre-planned comparisons among treatments. For Experiment 1, treatments were fall tilled, fall grazed, spring grazed, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) grazed, and an untreated control. Five mature ewes were confined with electric fence to a 111 m(2) plot for 24 h for fall and spring grazed plots resulting in a stocking rate of 452 sheeps d/ha. For Fall/Spr, the stocking rate was 904 sheeps d/ha. For Experiment 2, treatments were fall grazed, fall burned, fall tilled, and an untreated control. In Experiment 3, treatments were fall trampling by sheep, spring trampling by sheep, fall and spring combined (Fall/Spr) trampling by sheep, hand clipping to a stubble height of 4.5 em, and an untreated control. Trampling treatments were done at the same stocking rates as grazing treatments but sheep were muzzled to prevent intake. In Experiment 1, post-treatment organic matter tended to be greater (P=0.09) in the mean of the grazed treatments than control plots. In all of the experiments, change in soil bulk density, and soil nutrient profiles did not consistently differ (P > 0.07) among treatments in any manner that would suggest a detrimental impact of grazing sheep on small grain residue. These results indicate a strong potential for grazing sheep on grain stubble without adversely impacting soil bulk density or nutrient profiles. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Hatfield, PG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 230 Linfield Hall Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hatfield@montana.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.10.003 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 117QH UT WOS:000242887500015 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Apple, JK AF Burke, J. M. Apple, J. K. TI Growth performance and carcass traits of forage-fed hair sheep wethers SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carcass; growth; hair sheep; lamb; quality; shear force ID ST-CROIX LAMBS; UNITED-STATES; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; RELATIVE RESISTANCE; DORPER SHEEP; WOOL SHEEP; BREED; INFECTION; KATAHDIN AB The objective of the present study was to compare live animal performance and carcass characteristics of 3/4 or 7/8 Dorper (DO; n = 30), purebred Katahdin (KA; n = 20), purebred St. Croix (SC; n = 17) and purebred Suffolk (SU; n = 10) lambs born in the spring and fall of 2001. After weaning, lambs were supplemented with up to 680g of a corn-soybean meal supplement while grazing bermudagrass pastures overseeded with ryegrass. Lambs were slaughtered at approximately 210d of age. From birth to weaning, DO lambs gained faster (P < 0.001) than KA or SC lambs, whereas KA lambs had higher (P < 0.001) ADG than SC lambs. Additionally, DO and SU wethers had greater (P < 0.02) ADG from weaning to slaughter than SC or KA wethers. Suffolk lambs were heavier (P < 0.001) at slaughter and produced heavier (P < 0.001) carcasses than lambs from hair-sheep breeds. Carcasses of KA lambs were fatter (actual fat thickness; P < 0.02) resulting in higher yield grades (P < 0.03) than carcasses of DO, SC, or SU lambs. Carcasses of DO and SU had larger (P < 0.001) longissimus muscle (LM) areas than those of KA or SC carcasses, whereas kidney fat weight and percentage were greater (P < 0.001) in carcasses from KA and SC than DO and SU lambs. Lean maturity was similar (P = 0.32) among breed-types. However, skeletal maturity was greater (P < 0.001) in SU than hair-sheep carcasses. Flank-streaking scores were similar (P = 0.19) among the breed-types, but conformation scores were higher (P < 0.001) for DO and SU carcasses and resulted in higher (P < 0.001) quality grades than SC carcasses. The LM of SU lambs was lighter (higher L* values; P < 0.05) than that of KA and SC lambs, whereas the LM from DO lambs was redder (higher a* values; P < 0.001) than SC and SU and more (P < 0.001) yellow than that of the other breed-types. Chops from SU lambs were tougher (higher shear force values; P < 0.007) than chops from the hair-sheep breeds. Results of this study indicate that ADG, carcass muscularity and meat quality were similar between DO and SU lambs, and, although fatter, carcass muscularity of KA was similar to that of DO lambs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.10.014 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 117QH UT WOS:000242887500022 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Buyer, JS AF Blackwood, Christopher B. Buyer, Jeffrey S. TI Evaluating the physical capture method of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for comparison of soil microbial communities SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP); soil microorganisms; molecular community analysis; soil bacteria; soil fungi ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; WILD-TYPE; DIVERSITY; FINGERPRINTS; RHIZOSPHERE; TAXA; SIZE; TOOL AB Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a popular method of comparative microbial community. analysis which is normally accomplished by tagging terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) with a fluorescent primer. Here, we evaluate an alternative method of T-RFLP where T-RFs are physically captured using a biotinylated primer and streptavidin-coated beads. This eliminates one of the primary criticisms of T-RFLP, namely that T-RFs cannot be identified by sequence analysis, and also represents an alternative method for collecting T-RFLP profiles. Microbial communities from forest, agricultural, and turf soils were investigated using several sets of primers specific for different microbial groups. The physical capture method of T-RFLP resulted in similar profiles to those generated by fluorescent T-RFLP. The relationships among ecosystem types captured by both methods and revealed by ordination were virtually identical. The total variance in the profiles that was attributed to ecosystem type was approximately equal, or greater, when generated by the physical capture method, depending on the primers used. However, physical capture T-RFLP resolved fewer T-RFs than fluorescent T-RFLP, and this may reduce the sensitivity to changes in non-dominant populations within the community. Direct cloning and sequencing of physical capture T-RFs revealed that most bands were not comprised of sequences related to those in the database that would generate T-RFs of similar size. T-RFs should therefore be identified by sequencing, rather than by comparing the sizes of T-RFs to computer digests of database sequences. Physical capture T-RFLP should be a useful tool to identify T-RFs by sequencing, and for laboratories without economical access to equipment required to perform fluorescent T-RFLP. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM cblackwo@kent.edu RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010; OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978; Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.010 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 122ES UT WOS:000243209100022 ER PT J AU Baveye, P Jacobson, AR Allaire, SE Tandarich, JP Bryant, RB AF Baveye, Philippe Jacobson, Astrid R. Allaire, Suzanne E. Tandarich, John P. Bryant, Ray B. TI Response to a comment on 'whither goes soil science in the United States and Canada" by A. Hartemink SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID WEST-AFRICAN SAHEL; HUNGER; DEGRADATION; MANAGEMENT; FERTILITY C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Sols & Genie Agroalimentaire, Laval, PQ, Canada. Dominican Univ, Dept Biol, River Forest, IL 60305 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Baveye, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM philippe.baveye@cornell.edu RI Jacobson, Astrid/J-9070-2012; OI Baveye, Philippe/0000-0002-8432-6141 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31806063d1 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 137WC UT WOS:000244322400008 ER PT J AU Heitzman, E Grell, A Spetich, M Starkey, D AF Heitzman, Eric Grell, Adrian Spetich, Martin Starkey, Dale TI Changes in forest structure associated with oak decline in severely impacted areas of northern Arkansas SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; Boston Mountains; oak decline; Quercus spp.; red oak borer ID RED OAK; SPECIES COMPOSITION; BORER COLEOPTERA; OZARK MOUNTAINS; WHITE OAK; CERAMBYCIDAE; MORTALITY AB Four mature northern red oak (Quercus rubro L.)-white oak (Quercus alba U stands in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas were studied to describe the vegetation dynamics of forests heavily impacted by oak decline. Northern red oak was the species most susceptible to decline. Across the four stands, 51-75% of red oak density (trees/ha) was dead or dying, as was 40-70% of the red oak basal area. Red oak damage occurred across a range of tree sizes. Healthy red oak had low populations of red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus Haldeman), and dead/dying red oak supported large numbers of borers. Impacts on white oak were less severe and generally limited to smaller trees. Decline had changed what once were red oak-dominated stands to more mixed forests of white oak, hickory (Carya spp.), red oak, blackgum (Mysso sylvatica Marsh.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.). Understory trees and seedlings were predominantly blackgum, red maple, hickory, black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), and sassafras (Sassafras albidum [Nutt.] Nees). However, well-developed red and white oak advance regeneration was present in all stands. It is unclear if the death of overstory trees will favor the regeneration of nonoaks, or whether oak regeneration will successfully recruit within canopy gaps created by this disturbance. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forst Hlth Protect, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Heitzman, E (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM eric.heitzman@mail.wvu.edu; agrell@fs.fed.us; mspetich@fs.fed.us; dstarkey@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 147RH UT WOS:000245019600004 ER PT J AU Straka, TJ Greene, JL AF Straka, Thomas J. Greene, John L. TI Reforestation tax incentives under the American jobs creation act of 2004 SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE reforestation; income tax; incentive; cost share; financial analysis AB The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 made significant changes in the reforestation tax incentives available to private forest owners. Owners can now deduct outright reforestation costs up to $10,000 per year for each qualifying timber property and amortize any additional amount over 8 tax years. To assess the financial benefit the new incentives provide to forest owners, the authors developed spreadsheets that calculate after-tax Bare Land Value (BLV) for a representative southern pine management plan under three tax situations: no reforestation incentives, the incentives under previous law, and the incentives under the current law. They found that compared to no tax incentive, the current law chiefly benefits owners with high non-timber income, increasing BLV by an amount equivalent to a reforestation cost share of roughly 25 to 30% as opposed to 5 to 15% for owners with low or median income. Compared to previous law, the current law chiefly benefits owners of large forest holdings, increasing BLV by an amount equivalent to a reforestation cost share of roughly 10 to 20%. For owners of small forest holdings, however, BLV decreased by an amount equivalent to a 5 to 10% increase in reforestation costs. These findings are significant as Congress likely intended that the new incentives continue to benefit primarly "small woodland owners" with modest incomes and forest holdings. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Straka, TJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM tstraka@clemson.edu; jgreene01@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 147RH UT WOS:000245019600005 ER PT J AU Shaw, JD Long, JN AF Shaw, John D. Long, James N. TI A density management diagram for longleaf pine stands with application to red-cockaded woodpecker habitat SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; Picoides borealis; silviculture; stand density index; stocking diagram ID DOUGLAS-FIR; INDEX; PLANTATIONS; SIZE; LINE AB We developed a density management diagram (DMD) for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) using data from Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Selection criteria were for purity, defined as longleaf pine basal area (BA) that is 90% or more of plot BA, and even-agedness, as defined by a ratio between two calculations of stand density index. The diagram predicts stand top height (mean of tallest 40 trees/ac) and volume (ft(3)/ac) as a function of quadratic mean diameter and stem density (trees/ac). In this DMID we introduce a "mature stand boundary" that, as a model of stand dynamics, restricts the size-density relationship in large-diameter stands more than the expected self-thinning trajectory. The DMD is unbiased by geographic area and therefore should be applicable throughout the range of longleaf pine. The DMD is intended for use in even-aged stands, but may be used for uneven-aged management where a large-group selection system is used. Use of the diagram is illustrated by development of density management regimes intended to create and maintain stand structure desirable for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Shaw, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM jdshaw@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 147RH UT WOS:000245019600006 ER PT J AU Gawish, SM Ramadan, AM Cornelius, CE Bourham, MA Matthews, SR McCord, MG Wafa, DM Breidt, F AF Gawish, S. M. Ramadan, A. M. Cornelius, C. E. Bourham, M. A. Matthews, S. R. McCord, M. G. Wafa, D. M. Breidt, F. TI New functionalities of PA6,6 fabric modified by atmospheric pressure plasma and grafted glycidyl methacrylate derivatives SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PA6,6 fabrics; atmospheric plasma; inclusion compounds ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; POLYPROPYLENE FABRICS; MICROWAVE PLASMA; GAS-DISCHARGES; COTTON FABRICS; FIBER; FILMS; COPOLYMERIZATION; MECHANISM; HELIUM AB Oxidative atmospheric pressure plasma was, utilized to activate surface of PA 6,6 fabrics followed by graft copolymerization of glycidyl (GMA) and further reacted with triethylene tetramine (TETA), quaternary ammonium chitosan (HTCC) or P-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The inner CD cavity was complexed with some insecticidal perfumes. Modified PA6,6 fabrics were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity and insect repelling assay were, conducted and showed efficient antimicrobial and insect repelling properties. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Text Div, Cairo, Egypt. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem & Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bourham, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bourham@ncsu.edu RI McCord, Marian/A-7790-2015; OI gawish, samiha/0000-0002-3736-6036; Ramadan, Ameera/0000-0003-0338-0312 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1177/0040517507076747 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 204OB UT WOS:000249052800005 ER PT J AU Jines, MP Balint-Kurti, P Robertson-Hoyt, LA Molnar, T Holland, JB Goodman, MM AF Jines, M. P. Balint-Kurti, P. Robertson-Hoyt, L. A. Molnar, T. Holland, J. B. Goodman, M. M. TI Mapping resistance to Southern rust in a tropical by temperate maize recombinant inbred topcross population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PUCCINIA-POLYSORA EPIDEMICS; GRAY LEAF-SPOT; CORN RUST; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SELECTION; INHERITANCE; TRIALS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Southern rust, caused by Puccinia polysora Underw, is a foliar disease that can severely reduce grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Major resistance genes exist, but their effectiveness can be limited in areas where P. polysora is multi-racial. General resistance could be achieved by combining quantitative and race-specific resistances. This would be desirable if the resistance alleles maintained resistance across environments while not increasing plant maturity. Recombinant inbred (RI) lines were derived from a cross between NC300, a temperate-adapted all-tropical line, and B104, an Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic line. The RI lines were topcrossed to the tester FR615 x FR697. The 143 topcrosses were scored for Southern rust in four environments. Time to flowering was measured in two environments. The RI lines were genotyped at 113 simple sequence repeat markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for both traits. The entry mean heritability estimate for Southern rust resistance was 0.93. A multiple interval mapping model, including four QTL, accounted for 88% of the variation among average disease ratings. A major QTL located on the short arm of chromosome 10, explained 83% of the phenotypic variation, with the NC300 allele carrying the resistance. Significant (P < 0.001), but relatively minor, topcross-by-environment interaction occurred for Southern rust, and resulted from the interaction of the major QTL with the environment. Maturity and Southern rust rating were slightly correlated, but QTL for the two traits did not co-localize. Resistance was simply inherited in this population and the major QTL is likely a dominant resistant gene that is independent of plant maturity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer Genet, Pace, France. RP Jines, MP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mpjines@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 54 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 4 BP 659 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0466-0 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 132WJ UT WOS:000243973300008 PM 17177063 ER PT J AU Just, BJ Santos, CAF Fonseca, MEN Boiteux, LS Oloizia, BB Simon, PW AF Just, B. J. Santos, C. A. F. Fonseca, M. E. N. Boiteux, L. S. Oloizia, B. B. Simon, P. W. TI Carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (Daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genome mapping SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE LOCUS; LINKAGE GROUPS; BETA-CAROTENE; ISOZYME LOCI; TOMATO FRUIT; STS MARKERS; SSP SATIVUS; PLANTS; ROOTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Carotenoid pigments are important components of the human diet and carrots are the main dietary sources of the vitamin A precursors alpha- and beta-carotene. Carotenoids play essential biological roles in plants and the genes coding for the carotenoid pathway enzymes are evolutionarily conserved, but little information exists about these genes for carrot. In this study, we utilized published carrot sequences as well as heterologous PCR approaches with primers derived from sequence information of other plant species to isolate 24 putative genes coding for carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes in carrot. Twenty-two of these genes were placed on the carrot genetic linkage map developed from a cross between orange-rooted and white-rooted carrot. The carotenoid genes were distributed in eight of the nine linkage groups in the carrot genome recommending their use for merging maps. Two genes co-localized with a genomic region spanning one of the most significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carotenoid accumulation. Carotenoid biosynthesis cDNAs linked to root color mutations and to QTL for carotenoid accumulation may suggest a functional role for them as candidate genes. RACE PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were used to amplify the full-length transcript for twenty expressed carotenoid biosynthesis genes and sequences were submitted to GenBank. The cloning and sequence information of these genes is useful for PCR-based expression studies and may point toward transgenic approaches to manipulate carotenoid content in carrot. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EMBRAPA, SEMI, ARIDO, BR-56300970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. EMBRAPA, Natl Ctr Vegetable Crops Res, CNPH, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu RI Fonseca, Maria Esther/G-3524-2012; Boiteux, Leonardo/F-9675-2012; santos, carlos antonio/B-8973-2014 OI santos, carlos antonio/0000-0002-6932-6805 NR 46 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 4 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0469-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 132WJ UT WOS:000243973300011 PM 17186217 ER PT J AU This, P Lacombe, T Cadle-Davidson, M Owens, CL AF This, Patrice Lacombe, Thierry Cadle-Davidson, Molly Owens, Christopher L. TI Wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) color associates with allelic variation in the domestication gene VvmybA1 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DIVERSITY; BRONZE-2; ORIGIN AB During the process of crop domestication and early selection, numerous changes occur in the genetic and physiological make-up of crop plants. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera) numerous changes have occurred as a result of human selection, including the emergence of hermaphroditism and greatly increased variation in berry color. This report examines the effect of human selection on variable skin color by examining the variation present in the gene VvmybA1, a transcriptional regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In over 200 accessions of V. vinifera, the insertion of the retroelement Gret1 in the promoter region of VvmybA1 was in strong association with the white-fruited phenotype. This retroelement was inserted at the same location for each individual in which it was present. Additional polymorphisms in the VvmybA1 gene were also strongly associated with red or pink fruited accessions, including variation that was generated by the excision of Gret1 from the promoter of VvmybA1. Differences in nucleotide diversity were observed between the white and pigmented alleles of VvmybA1, suggesting that the white allele arose only once or a limited number of times. Rarely, association of Gret1 with the white fruited phenotype was not observed, suggesting that the white phenotype can also be obtained through mutation in additional genes. These results provide evidence that variation in one transcriptional regulator has generated an allelic series strongly associated with fruit color variation in cultivated grapevine. These findings provide information about the evolution of grapes since domestication and have direct implications for the regulation of fruit and wine quality of this important crop plant. C1 USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. INRA, Ctr Montpellier, UMR, F-34060 Montpellier, France. RP Owens, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY USA. EM Chris.Owens@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 93 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 4 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0472-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 132WJ UT WOS:000243973300014 PM 17221259 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Foley, ME AF Gu, Xing-You Foley, Michael E. TI Epistatic interactions of three loci regulate flowering time under short and long daylengths in a backcross population of rice SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; DOMESTICATION-RELATED TRAITS; PHOTOPERIOD-SENSITIVITY; HEADING DATE; WEEDY RICE; CULTIVATED RICE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; QTLS AB The short-day plant rice varies greatly in photoperiod sensitivity (PS) for flowering. The hybrid F-1 from a cross between the day-neutral pure line EM93-1 and the weedy rice accession SS18-2 had stronger PS than SS18-2. Some BC1 (EM93-1/F-1) segregates were even more sensitive to photoperiod than the F-1, as indicated by later flowering or no flowering after 250 days under a 14-h long daylength. A genome-wide scan identified the quantitative trait loci Se-7.1, Se-7.2 and Se-8 for PS from the BC1 population, with all alleles that inhibit flowering derived from SS18-2. These three loci regulate the time of flowering under long daylength through their main effects, and di- and trigenic epistases. Under a 10-h short daylength, the regulation is through Se-7.1 and Se-8 main effects and digenic epistases involving all three loci. The short daylength not only nullified the main effect of Se-7.2, but also changed its epistatic effects from inhibiting flowering under long daylength to promoting flowering. The epistases indicate that genes underlying the three PS loci work in the same pathway for the control of flowering. Many non-flowered BC(1)s were the trigenic heterozygote; this suggests that the three PS loci are also involved in genetic control of critical daylength. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Yangzhou Univ, Coll Agr, Yangzhou 225008, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Xingyou.gu@sdstate.edu NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 4 BP 745 EP 754 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0475-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 132WJ UT WOS:000243973300016 PM 17171390 ER PT J AU Basile, B Bryla, DR Salsman, ML Marsal, J Cirillo, C Johnson, RS Dejong, TM AF Basile, Boris Bryla, David R. Salsman, Michelle L. Marsal, Jordi Cirillo, Chiara Johnson, R. Scott Dejong, Theodore M. TI Growth patterns and morphology of fine roots of size-controlling and invigorating peach rootstocks SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dwarfing rootstocks; in-growth core; minirhizotron; root diameter ID PRUNUS-PERSICA TREES; CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; FRUIT-GROWTH; RESOURCE DYNAMICS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; GAS-EXCHANGE; SHOOT GROWTH; WATER-STRESS AB We compared growth patterns and morphology of fine roots of size-controlling and invigorating peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) rootstocks. Peach trees were grafted on five rootstocks: a vigorous control (Nemaguard), three intermediate vigor rootstocks (K 119-50, P30-135 and Hiawatha), and a semi-dwarfing rootstock (K146-43). Minirhizotron tubes were installed at the base of trees on each rootstock and root images captured with a minirhizotron digital camera system. Number, visible length, and diameter of new roots were recorded at fixed soil depths from April 19, 2000 to December 19, 2001. Root diameter, specific root length, root tissue density and root length density were also measured periodically for each rootstock on roots collected from in-growth cores. Rootstocks had similar seasonal patterns of new root production. Fine root production was lowest in winter and appeared to decline during the final stages of fruit growth. A rootstock with almond in its genetic background (K119-50) produced the greatest quantity of fine roots and had the greatest number of new roots below 69 cm, whereas there were no differences among the other four rootstocks in the total number of roots produced. Rootstock K146-43 had thicker fine roots than the other rootstocks. Independent of rootstock, fine roots produced during spring had greater specific root length than those produced later in the season. The seasonal pattern of fine root production did not appear to be associated with the previously reported effects of these dwarfing rootstocks on shoot growth and stem water potential early in the growing season. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Arboricoltura, I-80055 Naples, Italy. USDA ARS, Hort Crop Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. IRTA, Ctr UdL, Area Tecnol Fruticola, E-25198 Lleida, Spain. RP Dejong, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1035 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tmdejong@ucdavis.edu RI Marsal, Jordi/A-1563-2010; Cirillo, Chiara/L-5479-2015; OI Marsal, Jordi/0000-0003-4375-6441; Cirillo, Chiara/0000-0002-0344-1931; BASILE, Boris/0000-0002-4207-576X NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 21 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 140HU UT WOS:000244496300007 PM 17241965 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Fayer, R Ryan, U Upton, SJ AF Xiao, Lihua Fayer, Ronald Ryan, Una Upton, Steve J. TI Response to the newly proposed species Cryptosporidium pestis SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 41 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2006.11.008 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 138XJ UT WOS:000244396300001 PM 17150411 ER PT J AU Sen, S Haggard, BE Chaubey, I Brye, KR Costello, TA Matlock, MD AF Sen, Sumit Haggard, Brian E. Chaubey, Indrajeet Brye, Kristofor R. Costello, Thomas A. Matlock, Marty D. TI Sediment phosphorus release at Beaver Reservoir, northwest Arkansas, USA, 2002-2003: A preliminary investigation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; bottom sediments; internal sources; aerobic and anaerobic conditions ID DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES; LAKE PHOSPHORUS; ALUM TREATMENT; WATER; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; SHALLOW; RATES; RIVER; FLUX AB Phosphorus (P) release from bottom sediments can be a significant source to the overlying water column, potentially maintaining and enhancing algal growth and eutrophic conditions in lakes and reservoirs. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (1) measure P flux under aerobic and anaerobic conditions from intact sediment cores collected at Beaver Reservoir, northwest Arkansas, (2) evaluate the spatial variability in measured sediment P flux under aerobic and anaerobic conditions along the reservoir, and (3) compare external and internal P loads to Beaver Reservoir. Six intact sediment cores were collected at three sites representing the lacustrine, transitional, and riverine zones during June 2003, September 2003 and February 2004 and incubated for 21 days in the dark at similar to 22 degrees C. Three cores from each site were incubated under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions. Water samples were collected from the overlying water column in each core daily for the first five days and every other day thereafter and analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Water removed from the core was replaced with filtered lake water, maintaining a constant overlying water volume of 11. Sediment P flux under anaerobic conditions (< 0.01-1.77 mg m(-2) day(-1)) was generally greater than that measured under aerobic conditions (< 0.01-0.89 mg m(-2) day(-1)). Some spatial variability existed in sediment P flux where P flux was generally greatest at the sites in the riverine and transitional zones. Maximum sediment P flux was observed under anaerobic conditions in cores collected from the transitional zone during September 2003. Average sediment P flux under aerobic conditions (0.09 mg m(-2) day(-1)) and anaerobic conditions (0.31 mg m(-2) day(-1)) was greater than the external P flux (0.05 mg m(-2) day(-1)) estimated from the Beaver Reservoir tributaries. Results showed that the annual internal P load (7 Mg year(-1)) from bottom sediments in Beaver Reservoir was less than 10% of the annual external P load (similar to 81 Mg P year(-1)). The internal P load was significant, but it would not currently be cost effective to manage this P source given the large surface area of Beaver Reservoir. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM haggard@uark.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9214-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 133RG UT WOS:000244029800007 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Quinney, D Nelson, DL Weaver, J AF Meyer, S. E. Quinney, D. Nelson, D. L. Weaver, J. TI Impact of the pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda on Bromus tectorum seedbank dynamics in North American cold deserts SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biological control; cheatgrass; dormancy; downy brome; Drechslera campanulata; drooping brome; germination; sagebrush; shadscale ID DOWNY BROME; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GERMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INVASIONS AB Bromus tectorum is a dominant winter annual weed in cold deserts of western North America. We followed patterns of seed carry-over and abundance of the pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda over 5 years at B. tectorum-dominated shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia) and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) sites in southern Idaho. We hypothesised that more seeds could potentially carry over at the drier shadscale site because of minimal autumn precipitation, but that P. semeniperda, a pathogen that primarily kills dormant seeds, would have more impact at the drier site, where a higher density of dormant seeds would likely be present in the early spring seedbank. Successful first-year seed carry-over was higher in years with below-average autumn precipitation. It was lower at the shadscale site than at the sagebrush site (9% vs.16%). The number of seeds killed during incubation by P. semeniperda averaged three times higher at the drier site and the number of field-killed seeds averaged almost five times higher. This suggests that pathogen-related mortality caused the greater decrease in seed carry-over at the drier site. Mortality risk increased dramatically with seed age. This climate-pathogen interaction apparently limits B. tectorum seedbank carry-over in cold deserts to 3 years or less. Pyrenophora semeniperda shows potential as a biocontrol agent for B. tectorum in these habitats. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Idaho Army Natl Guard, Boise, ID USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00537.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 126SH UT WOS:000243534900006 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Nonnecke, BJ Olsen, SC Palmer, MV AF Waters, W. R. Nonnecke, B. J. Olsen, S. C. Palmer, M. V. TI Effects of pre-culture holding time and temperature on interferon-gamma responses in whole blood cultures from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; interferon gamma ID HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSES; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ESAT-6; ANTIGENS; PROTEIN; ASSAY; PARATUBERCULOSIS; PEPTIDES; REAGENTS AB The Bovigam (TM) assay is approved for use within the United States as a complementary tuberculosis test. Prior to whole blood culture and the ensuing ELISA to detect interferon-(IFN)-gamma, samples are subjected to various holding time/temperature combinations due, in part, to practical constraints associated with shipment of samples to approved laboratories. To evaluate these effects, 5-month-old Holstein calves (n = 7) received 10(3) cfu Mycobacterium bovis by aerosol. Heparinized blood was collected 2 months after challenge and held at 4 or 22 degrees C for 0, 8 or 24 h prior to culture with mycobacterial antigens or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Responses of samples held for 8 or 24 h were comparable and lower than responses of cultures prepared immediately after collection, regardless of holding temperature. Differences in responses of samples held at 4 degrees C versus 22 degrees C were also minimal. A subset of samples was held for 2 h at 37 degrees C at the beginning of the holding period. This subset of samples had diminished responses to all stimulants and increased holding times (i.e., 24 h versus 8 h) negatively impacted the response. Pre-processing conditions, particularly delays in set-up and initial high sample temperatures, reduces IFN-gamma responses of cells from infected cattle increasing the risk of false negatives in this assay of regulatory importance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Tuberculosis Res Project, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Tuberculosis Res Project, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 2-4 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.014 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 131LK UT WOS:000243870300020 PM 16973310 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Parker, C Hill, D Pinckney, RD Dyer, R Dubey, JP AF Jenkins, M. C. Parker, C. Hill, D. Pinckney, R. D. Dyer, R. Dubey, J. P. TI Neospora caninum detected in feral rodents SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; rats (Rattus norvegicus); mice (Mus musculus); PCR; bioassay ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; RATTUS-NORVEGICUS; PCR; DOGS; CATTLE; WILD; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB The role of rodents in the epidemiology of neosporosis was investigated by assaying brain tissue of feral mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus) for Neospora caninum. Both mouse and rat brain tissue were extracted for total DNA, and subjected to two different N. caninum-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. A portion of brain tissue from the mice and rats were also assayed for N. caninum in gerbils or gamma-interferon gene knockout (KO) mice. Of the 105 feral mice tested, 10% were positive in the N. caninum-specific PCR assays. Of the 242 rats tested, 30% were positive in both assays. Although mice and rats had N. caninum by PCR testing, clinical signs of N. caninum infection were not observed nor were N. caninum parasites observed in gerbils or KO mice inoculated with the rodent brain tissue. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.011 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 130TZ UT WOS:000243823200010 PM 16997474 ER PT J AU Wapenaar, W Barkema, HW VanLeeuwen, JA McClure, JT O'Handley, RM Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P Dubey, JP Jenkins, MC AF Wapenaar, W. Barkema, H. W. VanLeeuwen, J. A. McClure, J. T. O'Handley, R. M. Kwok, O. C. H. Thulliez, P. Dubey, J. P. Jenkins, M. C. TI Comparison of serological methods for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; ELISA; indirect fluorescent antibody test; agglutination test; gold standard; test comparison ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; SERODIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; VALIDATION; AGREEMENT; RESPONSES; KAPPA; TESTS AB The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance and agreement of various commercial and in-house Neospora caninum antibody assays used in dairy cattle in North America, and to investigate reproducibility of two assays performed in different laboratories. From 1998 to 2005, three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs, a competitive ELISA-VMRD Inc., an indirect ELISA-Biovet Inc., and another indirect ELISA-Herdchek IDEXX Corp.), two indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFATs, VMRD Inc., and in-house USDA) and one N. caninum agglutination test (NAT, in-house USDA) were utilized to test 397 randomly selected dairy cattle serum samples from 34 herds in eastern Canada for antibodies to N. caninum. The manufacturers' recommended cut-off values were used to evaluate test performance and agreement between tests. One IFAT (VMRD Inc.) performed well (sensitivity and specificity: 0.97 and 0.97, respectively) using reference sera (n = 452), therefore, results from this IFAT on the 397 samples could subsequently be used as the reference standard to calculate test characteristics for the other assays. Only 11% of the 397 sera were found to be N. caninum-positive with the IFAT. Prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) ranged from 0.06 to 0.99. Positive agreement was moderate to very good (P-pos = 0.25-0.96). Negative agreement was very good for all assays (P-neg > 0.94) except NAT (P-neg = 0.66). Sensitivity was >= 0.89 for all assays except the NAT, which had a significantly lower sensitivity (0.66). Specificity was high (> 0.94) for all assays except for one indirect ELISA (specificity = 0.52). This indirect ELISA did not perform satisfactorily when used in 1998, but an improved version of the ELISA performed as one of the best assays in 2004. Reproducibility of the competitive ELISA was excellent, but the reproducibility of the indirect ELISA that was improved was low (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.90 and 0.36, respectively). The performance characteristics observed for most assays in this study make them useful for screening antibodies to N. caninum in cattle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biol Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Puericulture, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Wapenaar, W (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. EM wwapenaar@gmail.com RI Barkema, Herman/B-9583-2008; Wapenaar, Wendela/G-4172-2011 OI Barkema, Herman/0000-0002-9678-8378; NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.007 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 130TZ UT WOS:000243823200011 PM 16989951 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sundar, N Gennari, SM Minervino, AHH Farias, NAD Ruas, JL dos Santos, TRB Cavalcante, GT Kwok, OCH Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Sundar, N. Gennari, S. M. Minervino, A. H. H. Farias, N. A. da R. Ruas, J. L. dos Santos, T. R. B. Cavalcante, G. T. Kwok, O. C. H. Su, C. TI Biologic and genetic comparison of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from the northern Para state and the southern state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil revealed highly diverse and distinct parasite populations SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Para state; Rio Grande do Sul state; Brazil; genotype ID MULTILOCUS PCR-RFLP; WATERBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; DE-JANEIRO; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; STRAINS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 84 free-range chickens (34 from the northern Para state, and 50 from Rio Grande do Sul, the southern state) from Brazil, South America was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 39 (46.4%) of 84 chickens with titers of 1: 10 in one, 1:20 in two, 1:40 in four, 1:80 in seven, 1: 160 in five, 1:320 in six, 1:640 in eight and >= 1: 1280 in six. Hearts and brains of 45 chickens with titers of 1:20 or less were pooled and fed to two T gondii-free cats. Hearts and brains of 39 chickens with titers of 1: 10 or higher were bioassayed in mice. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. One cat fed tissues from 31 chickens with titers of less than 1:10 from Rio Grande do Sul shed T gondii oocysts. T gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 33 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from 10 isolates died of toxoplasmosis. All 34 isolates (15 from Para, 19 from Rio Grande do Sul) were genotyped using 11 genetic markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2 and Apico. Eleven genotypes were revealed for Para isolates and seven genotypes for Rio Grande do Sul. No genotype was shared between the two geographical locations. These data suggest that T gondii isolates are highly diverse and genetically distinct between the two different regions in Brazil that are 3500 km apart. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Clin Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Pelotas, Inst Biol, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Minervino, Antonio/G-5512-2011; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Minervino, Antonio/0000-0002-6742-3652; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 22 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.024 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 130TZ UT WOS:000243823200013 PM 16982151 ER PT J AU Tonina, D Buffington, JM AF Tonina, Daniele Buffington, John M. TI Hyporheic exchange in gravel bed rivers with pool-riffle morphology: Laboratory experiments and three-dimensional modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS; NONSORBING SOLUTES; ALTERNATE BARS; CHANNEL-TYPE; STREAM; FLOW; FORMS AB [ 1] We report the first laboratory simulations of hyporheic exchange in gravel pool-riffle channels, which are characterized by coarse sediment, steep slopes, and three-dimensional bed forms that strongly influence surface flow. These channels are particularly important habitat for salmonids, many of which are currently at risk worldwide and which incubate their offspring within the hyporheic zone. Here we perform a set of laboratory experiments examining the effects of discharge and bed form amplitude on hyporheic exchange, with surface-subsurface mixing measured directly from the concentration decay of a conservative tracer ( fluorescein) injected into the surface flow. Near-bed pressure measurements were also used to predict hyporheic exchange from a three-dimensional pumping transport model. Comparison of the predicted and observed hyporheic exchange shows good agreement, indicating that the major mechanism for exchange is bed form - induced advection. However, the effect of bed forms is modulated by discharge and the degree of topographic submergence. We also tested the performance of the hydrostatic pressure as a proxy for the observed near-bed pressure in driving hyporheic exchange, which would facilitate field measurement and analysis of hyporheic flow in natural rivers. We found agreement with measured hyporheic exchange only for low bed form amplitudes and high flows. C1 Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Tonina, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM dtonina@fs.fed.us RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 NR 63 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 AR W01421 DI 10.1029/2005WR004328 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 133VW UT WOS:000244043000001 ER PT J AU Alkharouf, NW Dhanaraj, AL Naik, D Overall, C Matthews, BF Rowland, LJ AF Alkharouf, Nadim W. Dhanaraj, Anik L. Naik, Dhananjay Overall, Chris Matthews, Benjamin F. Rowland, Lisa J. TI BBGD: an online database for blueberry genomic data SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GENE-EXPRESSION; COLD-ACCLIMATION; VACCINIUM; RICE AB Background: Blueberry is a member of the Ericaceae family, which also includes closely related cranberry and more distantly related rhododendron, azalea, and mountain laurel. Blueberry is a major berry crop in the United States, and one that has great nutritional and economical value. Extreme low temperatures, however, reduce crop yield and cause major losses to US farmers. A better understanding of the genes and biochemical pathways that are up- or down-regulated during cold acclimation is needed to produce blueberry cultivars with enhanced cold hardiness. To that end, the blueberry genomics database (BBDG) was developed. Along with the analysis tools and web-based query interfaces, the database serves both the broader Ericaceae research community and the blueberry research community specifically by making available ESTs and gene expression data in searchable formats and in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of cold acclimation and freeze tolerance in blueberry. Description: BBGD is the world's first database for blueberry genomics. BBGD is both a sequence and gene expression database. It stores both EST and microarray data and allows scientists to correlate expression profiles with gene function. BBGD is a public online database. Presently, the main focus of the database is the identification of genes in blueberry that are significantly induced or suppressed after low temperature exposure. Conclusion: By using the database, researchers have developed EST-based markers for mapping and have identified a number of "candidate" cold tolerance genes that are highly expressed in blueberry flower buds after exposure to low temperatures. C1 Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Alkharouf, NW (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM nalkharouf@towson.edu; anik.luke.dhanaraj@monsanto.com; naikdhananjay@rediffmail.com; coverall@gmu.edu; matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov; rowlandj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Overall, Christopher/0000-0001-6404-5521 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-5 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150YJ UT WOS:000245255200002 PM 17263892 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Klepzig, KD Billings, RF Munson, AS Nebeker, TE Negron, JF Nowak, JT AF Fettig, Christopher J. Klepzig, Kier D. Billings, Ronald F. Munson, A. Steven Nebeker, T. Evan Negron, Jose F. Nowak, John T. TI The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE stand density; thinning; prescribed fire; slash management; Scolytinae; Dendroctonus; Ips; Scolytus ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; OLEORESIN EXUDATION PRESSURE; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; EAST-TEXAS AB Insects are major components of forest ecosystems, representing most of the biological diversity and affecting virtually all processes and uses. In the USA, bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) heavily influence the structure and function of these ecosystems by regulating certain aspects of primary production, nutrient cycling, ecological succession and the size, distribution and abundance of forest trees. The purpose of this report is to review tree and stand factors associated with bark beetle infestations and analyze the effectiveness of vegetation management practices for mitigating the negative impacts of bark beetles on forest ecosystems. We describe the current state of our knowledge and identify gaps for making informed decisions on proposed silvicultural treatments. This review draws from examination of 498 scientific publications (many of which are cited herein) on this and related topics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Texas Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1107 Kennedy Pl,Suite 8, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 372 TC 220 Z9 228 U1 13 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 24 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.011 PG 30 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 129WV UT WOS:000243761700003 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE Leslie, DM AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; habitat selection; Eptesicus fuscus; Lasiurus; Myotis septentrionalis; Nycticeius humeralis; Pipistrellus subflavus; roost selection; timber; harvest ID CLASSIFICATION-BASED ANALYSES; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; RED BATS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; LASIURUS-BOREALIS; DIURNAL ROOSTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MISSISSIPPI; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA AB Many studies of roost selection by forest-dwelling bats have concentrated on microhabitat surrounding roosts without providing forest stand-level preferences of bats; thus, those studies have provided only part of the information needed by managers. We evaluated diurnal summer roost selection by the bat community at the forest-stand level in a diversely forested landscape in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Over a 6-year period, we evaluated 428 roost locations for 162 individual bats of 6 species. Using Euclidean distance analysis and individual bat as the experimental unit, all 6 species were selective (P < 0.05) in their choice of roosting habitat. Five of six species preferred (P < 0.05) to roost in or near mature (>= 50 years old), mixed pine-hardwood forest that had undergone recent partial harvest, midstory removal, and burning; 41.3% of roosts were located in that habitat but it comprised an average of only 22.8% of available habitat. Five of six species also preferred older (>= 100 years old), relatively unmanaged, mixed pine-hardwood forest. Although 19.9% of roosts from all species were located in 50- to 99-year-old, second-growth forests of mixed pine-hardwood (average of 21.0% of available habitat), that habitat was preferred by no species of bat. In partially harvested stands, unharvested buffer strips (greenbelts) surrounding ephemeral streams were used at differing levels by each species; most (90%) eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) roosts were in greenbelts whereas few (2.7%) Seminole bat (Lasiurus seminolus) roosts were in greenbelts. Older forests, thinned mature forests with reduced midstories, and greenbelts retained in harvested areas were all important roosting habitats for the bat community in the Ouachita Mountains. Our results demonstrate the importance of open forest conditions and a diversity of stand types to bat communities of the southeastern U.S. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.008 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 129WV UT WOS:000243761700013 ER PT J AU Palace, M Keller, M Asner, GP Silva, JNM Passos, C AF Palace, Michael Keller, Michael Asner, Gregory P. Silva, Jose Natalino M. Passos, Carlos TI Necromass in undisturbed and logged forests in the Brazilian Amazon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Amazon; coarse woody debris; necromass; standing dead; reduced impact logging; tropical; forest; wood density ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; REDUCED-IMPACT; CANOPY DAMAGE; CARBON; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; RESPIRATION; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Necromass is an important stock of carbon in tropical forests. We estimated volume, density, and mass of fallen and standing necromass in undisturbed and selectively logged forests at Juruena, Mato Grosso, Brazil (10.48 degrees S, 58.47 degrees W). We also measured standing dead trees at the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil (3.08 degrees S, 54.94 degrees W) complementing our earlier study there on fallen necromass. We compared forest that was selectively logged using reduced-impact logging methods and undisturbed forest. We estimated necromass density accounting for void volume for necromass greater than 10 cm diameter at Juruena for five decay classes that ranged from freshly fallen (class 1) to highly decayed material (class 5). Average necromass density adjusted for void space (+/- S.E.) was 0.71 (0.02), 0.69 (0.04), 0.60 (0.04), 0.59 (0.06), and 0.33 (0.05) Mg m(-3) for classes 1 through 5, respectively. Small (2-5 cm) and medium (5-10 cm) size classes had densities of 0.52 (0.02) and 0.50 (0.04) Mg m(-3) respectively. The average dry mass (+/- S.E.) of fallen necromass at Juruena was 44.9 (0.2) and 67.0 (10.1) Mg ha(-1) for duplicate undisturbed and reduced impact logging sites, respectively. Small and medium sized material together accounted for 12-21% of the total fallen necromass at Juruena. At Juruena, the average mass of standing dead was 5.3 (1.0) Mg ha(-1) for undisturbed forest and 8.8 (2.3) Mg ha(-1) for forest logged with reduced impact methods. At Tapajos, standing dead average mass was 7.7 (2.0) Mg ha(-1) for undisturbed forest and 12.9 (4.6) Mg ha(-1) for logged forest. The proportion of standing dead to total fallen necromass was 12-17%. Even with reduced impact harvest management, logged forests had approximately 50% more total necromass than undisturbed forests. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. Univ Fed Mato Grosso, UFMT, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. RP Palace, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM michael.palace@unh.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 238 IS 1-3 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.026 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 129WV UT WOS:000243761700028 ER PT J AU Barron, AB Maleszka, R Vander Meer, RK Robinson, GE AF Barron, Andrew B. Maleszka, Ryszard Vander Meer, Robert K. Robinson, Gene E. TI Octopamine modulates honey bee dance behavior SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; biogenic amine; foraging; reward; social behavior ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; APIS-MELLIFERA; BIOGENIC-AMINES; DOPAMINE; REWARD; BRAIN; SEROTONIN; COLONIES; STIMULI; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AB Honey bees communicate the location and desirability of valuable forage sites to their nestmates through an elaborate, symbolic "dance language." The dance language is a uniquely complex communication system in invertebrates, and the neural mechanisms that generate dances are largely unknown. Here we show that treatments with controlled doses of the biogenic amine neuromodulator octopamine selectively increased the reporting of resource value in dances by forager bees. Oral and topical octoparnine treatments modulated aspects of dances related to resource profitability in a dose-dependent manner. Dances for pollen and sucrose responded similarly to octoparnine treatment, and these effects were eliminated by treatment with the octoparnine antagonist mianserin. We propose that octoparnine modulates the representation of floral rewards in dances by changing the processing of reward in the honey bee brain. Octopamine is known to modulate appetitive behavior in a range of solitary insects; the role of octoparnine in dance provides an example of how neural substrates can be adapted for new behavioral innovations in the process of social evolution. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Neurosci Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Visual Sci & Australian Res Council Ctr Mol Genet, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM generobi@life.uiuc.edu RI Blow, joe/C-8616-2009; Maleszka, Ryszard/A-6078-2008 OI Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-019864, R21 DA019864] NR 41 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 37 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1703 EP 1707 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610506104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134KD UT WOS:000244081000048 PM 17237217 ER PT J AU Song, C Schroeder, TA Cohen, WB AF Song, Conghe Schroeder, Todd A. Cohen, Warren B. TI Predicting temperate conifer forest successional stage distributions with multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE forest succession; stand age; multitemporal Landsat imagery; ZELIG; GORT ID WESTERN OREGON; SATELLITE DATA; STAND AGE; TM DATA; REFLECTANCE; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORESTATION; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; CANOPY AB Forest succession is a fundamental ecological process which can impact the functioning of many terrestrial processes, such as water and nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Therefore, knowing the distribution of forest successional stages over a landscape facilitates a greater understanding of terrestrial ecosystems. One way of characterizing forest succession over the landscape is to use satellite imagery to map forest successional stages continuously over a region. In this study we use a forest succession model (ZELIG) and a canopy reflectance model (GORT) to produce spectral trajectories of forest succession from young to old-growth stages, and compared the simulated trajectories with those constructed from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery to understand the potential of mapping forest successional stages with remote sensing. The simulated successional trajectories captured the major characteristics of observed regional mean succession trajectory with Landsat TM imagery for Tasseled Cap indices based on age information from the Pacific Northwest Forest Inventory and Analysis Integrated Database produced by Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Though the successional trajectories are highly nonlinear in the early years of succession, a linear model fits well the regional mean successional trajectories for brightness and greenness due to significant cross-site variations that masked the nonlinearity over a regional scale (R-2=0.8951 for regional mean brightness with age; R-2=0.9348 for regional mean greenness with age). Regression analysis found that Tasseled Cap brightness and greenness are much better predictors of forest successional stages than wetness index based on the data analyzed in this study. The spectral history based on multitemporal Landsat imagery can be used to effectively identify mature and old-growth stands whose ages do not match with remote sensing signals due to change occurred during the time between ground data collection and image acquisition. Multitemporal Landsat imagery also improves prediction of forest successional stages. However, a linear model on a stand basis has a limited predictive power of forest stand successional stages (adjusted R-2=0.5435 using the Tasseled Cap indices from all four images used in this study) due to significant variations in remote sensing signals for stands at the same successional stage. Therefore, accurate prediction of forest successional stage using remote sensing imagery at stand scale requires accounting for site-specific factors influence remotely sensed signals in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Song, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, CB 3220,205 Saunders Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM csong@email.unc.edu RI Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016 OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 30 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 2 BP 228 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 129AT UT WOS:000243701500008 ER PT J AU Nicholas, JCA Dowd, MK Stemmer, PM AF Carruthers, Nicholas J. Dowd, Michael K. Stemmer, Paul M. TI Gossypol inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity at multiple sites SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gossypol; calmodulin; calcineurin; enantiomer; domain ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLOSPORINE-A; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 2B CALCINEURIN; CELL-LINES; ENANTIOMERS; CALMODULIN; INACTIVATION; MECHANISM; COMMON AB Calcineurin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependant serine/threonine phosphatase is the target for the immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and cyclosporine-A. These established calcineurin inhibitors each require an immunophilin protein cofactor. Gossypol, a polyphenol produced by the cotton plant, inhibits calcineurin (IC50 = 15 mu M), in a noncompetitive, reversible manner, and is independent of any cofactor. We found that gossypol acts by at least two mechanisms to inhibit calcineurin phosphatase activity. A calmodulin-independent form of calcineurin was less sensitive to inhibition by gossypol than native calcineurin (IC50 = 41 and 18 mu M, respectively) indicating that gossypol may interfere with calmodulin binding. A fluorescence polarization based assay demonstrated that 100 mu M gossypol reduced the affinity of calmodulin for calcineurin (from K-d = 2.4 to 250 nM). Inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase activity by gossypol could not be overcome by adding excess calmodulin or by testing the inhibition toward a calmodulin-independent calcineurin indicating that gossypol acts at a site different from the calmodulin-binding site. Gossypol decreased the affinity of calcineurin for immunosuppressant/immunophilin complexes only in the presence of calmodulin, indicating that gossypol blocks the effects of calmodulin binding to calcineurin. In addition, gossypol had a stimulatory effect on native calcineurin in the absence of calmodulin, possibly indicating a calmodulin mimetic effect. Gossypol exists in two enantiomeric forms which are reported to have different potency for cell toxicity. (+) and (-) gossypol had equivalent potency for inhibition of native and calmodulin-independent calcineurin phosphatase activity, and for inhibition of calmodulin binding. The inhibition of calcineurin by gossypol via multiple binding sites without stereo-specificity indicates that gossypol is not a specific calcineurin inhibitor. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Stemmer, PM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Inst Environm Hlth Sci, 2727 2nd Ave,Suite 4000, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM pmstemmer@wayne.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 EI 1879-0712 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 555 IS 2-3 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.046 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134ZT UT WOS:000244124100004 ER PT J AU Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Ort, DR Nosberger, J Schimel, D AF Long, Stephen P. Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ort, Donald R. Noesberger, Josef Schimel, David TI Crop models, CO2, and climate change - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID YIELD; WHEAT C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ETH, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8902 Zurich, Switzerland. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 26 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5811 BP 460 EP 460 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 129JU UT WOS:000243726600019 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Mohamed, MA Ali, H AF Potter, Thomas L. Mohamed, Mahmoud A. Ali, Hannah TI Solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides in water: Method performance and application in a reconnaissance survey of residues in drinking water in greater Cairo, Egypt SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solid; phase; extraction; pesticide; monitoring; quality; control ID TRACE-LEVEL DETERMINATION; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; COTTON DEFOLIANT; RIVER WATER; STABILITY; CARTRIDGES; ELECTROSPRAY; ENRICHMENT AB Monitoring of water resources for pesticide residues is often needed to ensure that pesticide use does not adversely impact the quality of public water supplies or the environment. In many rural areas and throughout much of the developing world, monitoring is often constrained by lack of testing facilities; thus, collection of samples and shipment to centralized laboratories for analysis is required. The portability, ease of use, and potential to enhance analyte stability make solid-phase extraction (SPE) an attractive technique for handling water samples prior to their shipment. We describe performance of an SPE method targeting a structurally diverse mixture of 25 current-use pesticides and two common degradates in samples of raw and filtered drinking water collected in Greater Cairo, Egypt. SPE was completed in a field laboratory in Egypt, and cartridges were shipped to the United States for elution and high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitative and reproducible recovery of 23 of 27 compounds (average = 96%; percent relative standard deviation = 21%) from matrix spikes (1 mu g L-1 per component) prepared in the field and from deionized water fortified similarly in the analytical laboratory was obtained. Concurrent analysis of unspiked samples identified four parent compounds and one degradate in drinking water samples. No significant differences were observed between raw and filtered samples. Residue levels in all cases were below drinking water and "harm to aquatic-life" thresholds, indicating that human and ecological risks of pesticide contamination were relatively small; however, the study was limited in scale and scope. Further monitoring is needed to define spatial and temporal variation in residue concentrations. The study has demonstrated the feasibility of performing studies of this type using SPE to extract and preserve samples in the field. The approach should be broadly applicable in many settings. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Cairo Univ, Giza 12613, Egypt. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tpotter@tifton.usda.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1021/jf062512o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900003 PM 17227043 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Mackey, BE Kim, HJ Lee, IS Lee, KR Lee, SU Kozukue, E Kozukue, N AF Friedman, Mendel Mackey, Bruce E. Kim, Hyun-Jeong Lee, In-Seon Lee, Kap-Rang Lee, Seung-Un Kozukue, Etsuko Kozukue, Nobuyuki TI Structure-activity relationships of tea compounds against human cancer cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HPLC; theanine; catechins; theaflavins; teas; cancer cells; growth inhibition; structure-activity relationships; dietary significance ID HUMAN BREAST-CARCINOMA; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; GREEN TEA; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PROSTATE-CANCER; STOMACH-CANCER; HPLC ANALYSIS; TUMOR-GROWTH; B-CELLS; CATECHINS AB The content of the biologically active amino acid theanine in 15 commercial black, green, specialty, and herbal tea leaves was determined as the 2,4-dinitrophenyltheanine derivative (DNP-theanine) by a validated HPLC method. To define relative anticarcinogenic potencies of tea compounds and teas, nine green tea catechins, three black tea theaflavins, and theanine as well as aqueous and 80% ethanol/water extracts of the same tea leaves were evaluated for their ability to induce cell death in human cancer and normal cells using a tetrazolium microculture (MTT) assay. Compared to untreated controls, most catechins, theaflavins, theanine, and all tea extracts reduced the numbers of the following human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), and prostate (PC-3) as well as normal human liver cells (Chang). The growth of normal human lung (HEL299) cells was not inhibited. The destruction of cancer cells was also observed visually by reverse phase microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data showed that (a) the anticarcinogenic effects of tea compounds and of tea leaf extracts varied widely and were concentration dependent over the ranges from 50 to 400 mu g/mL of tea compound and from 50 to 400 mu g/g of tea solids; (b) the different cancer cells varied in their susceptibilities to destruction; (c) 80% ethanol/water extracts with higher levels of flavonoids determined by HPLC were in most cases more active than the corresponding water extracts; and (d) flavonoid levels of the teas did not directly correlate with anticarcinogenic activities. The findings extend related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of tea ingredients and suggest that consumers may benefit more by drinking both green and black teas. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Keimyung Univ, Ctr Tradit Microorganism Resources, Taegu 704701, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Coll Human Ecol & Kinesiol, Gyongsan 712149, South Korea. Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Safety Ind, Gyeongbuk 780713, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 58 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1021/jf062276h PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900009 PM 17227049 ER PT J AU Clare, DA Gharst, G Sanders, TH AF Clare, D. A. Gharst, G. Sanders, T. H. TI Transglutaminase polymerization of peanut proteins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transglutaminase; peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linn); protein functionality; food allergies ID MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS; CROSS-LINKING; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; MILK-PROTEINS; ALLERGENICITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; CONJUGATION AB Transglutaminase promotes protein cross-linking reactions through an acyl transferase mechanism involving protein-bound glutaminyl residues and primary amines including the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in soy, myosin, gluten, oat globulin, casein, and whey. Herein, we present a first report of exogenous transglutaminase catalysis of several peanut protein fractions, including purified Ara h 1. In most cases, SDS-PAGE banding patterns revealed the formation of high molecular weight polymers while catalysis of Ara h 1 resulted in distinct dimer formation. Cross-linking effects were accomplished in the presence and absence of the reducing reagent, dithiothreitol. Ortho-phthaldialdehyde assays, used to quantify the degree of polymerization, indicated similar to 21% and similar to 30% coupling over a similar time interval, using either cold hexane extracted peanut protein fractions or lightly roasted flour dispersions, respectively. Rheological measurements established that transglutaminase-modified peanut extracts exhibited lowered viscosity readings compared to nontreated dispersions. Peanut protein polymers and glycoprotein conjugates, created by covalent linkage between protein substrates and monosaccharide amino sugars, exhibited similar IgE binding activity, compared to control solutions. These results suggested that potential allergic responses were not enhanced after enzymatic modification. Ultimately, these approaches may provide novel peanut-based food ingredients with unique functional characteristics for expanded applications within the world marketplace. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1021/jf062309t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900036 PM 17227076 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Gregoire, BR Garvin, DF Hareland, GA Lindlauf, JE Johnson, LK Finley, JW AF Reeves, Philip G. Gregoire, Brian R. Garvin, David F. Hareland, Gary A. Lindlauf, James E. Johnson, LuAnn K. Finley, John W. TI Determination of selenium bioavailability from wheat mill fractions in rats by using the slope-ratio assay and a modified Torula yeast-based diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rats; selenium; selenium bioavailability; Torula yeast; wheat bran; wheat flour; wheat shorts ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEFICIENT RATS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; TISSUE SELENIUM; SODIUM SELENATE; COLON-CANCER; SELENOMETHIONINE; BROCCOLI AB Selenium is an essential mineral micronutrient for animals, and significant evidence supports an association between supranutritional Se intake and a reduction in the incidence of some forms of cancer. Thus, supplemental Se intake may provide an avenue for reducing cancer incidence. However, an important issue to consider is the form of Se that should be provided in such a supplement, because the bioavailability and bioactivity of Se can vary dramatically depending on the chemical form in which it is delivered. Because wheat products are the largest source of Se in U.S. diets, the absorption of Se was evaluated in different fractions of milled wheat that exhibits very high Se levels, owing to its production on naturally Se-rich soils. An experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Se from three milled fractions of high-Se wheat. The method used was the slope-ratio assay, which measures the ability of Se from the wheat fractions to regenerate Se-dependent enzyme activities and tissue Se concentrations in Se-deficient rats. The responses generated from wheat Se were compared to a standard response curve generated by feeding graded amounts of Se as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; NaSelenite) or selenomethionine (SeMet) in an AIN-93G-Torula yeast-based diet. Results showed that Se from wheat flour (similar to 75% extraction) was nearly 100% available by a number of measures including plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle Se concentrations and liver and erythrocyte Se-dependent enzyme activities when compared with similar measures in rats fed NaSelenite or SeMet. However, on the basis of similar criteria, Se from wheat shorts was only about 85% available and that from wheat bran was about 60% available for absorption. These results indicate that high-Se wheat products, mainly those made from refined flour alone, might be particularly well suited for use as dietary Se supplements. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1021/jf062572u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900047 PM 17227087 ER PT J AU He, XH Brandon, DL Chen, GQ McKeon, TA Carter, JM AF He, Xiaohua Brandon, David L. Chen, Grace Q. McKeon, Thomas A. Carter, John Mark TI Detection of castor contamination by real-time polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ricinus communis; ground beef; DNA extraction method; quantitative PCR; SYBR-green I chemistry ID BOTULINUM TYPE-A; MODIFIED ORGANISMS; PCR ANALYSIS; RICIN; ASSAY; QUANTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; SAMPLES; MILK; GENE AB Due to the potential for intentional contamination of food with crude preparations containing ricin, a real-time PCR method was developed for the detection of castor plant material in ground beef. One primer pair was identified and confirmed to be castor-specific and efficient for amplification of ricin in DNA extracts from castor or beef matrices. Of three different DNA extraction protocols compared, the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method yielded the highest quality of DNA for QPCR assay. The detection limit for castor contamination in ground beef samples was < 0.001% (< 10 mu g of castor acetone powder per gram of beef, corresponding to 0.5 mu g of ricin), indicating excellent sensitivity for the assay, well below the threshold for oral toxicity. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mcarter@pw.usda.gov RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 24 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1021/jf062381r PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 126HQ UT WOS:000243503900051 PM 17227091 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Evans, JJ AF Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. Evans, Joyce J. TI Immunization of eyed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, eggs with monovalent Flavobacterium columnare vaccine and bivalent F-columnare and Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE modified live vaccine; Flavobacterium columnare; Edwardsiella ictaluri; channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; OVO VACCINATION; MAREKS-DISEASE; COMBINATION; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; STRAIN; IMMUNE; RE-33; FOWL AB The efficacy of a modified live monovalent Flavobacterium columnare vaccine and bivalent E columnare and Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccines were evaluated following immersion vaccination of eyed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs. The modified live F columnare vaccine was grown in modified Shieh broth and administered at 1.35 x 10(7) CFU/ml for 15 min exposure (11 water). Booster immunization was conducted at day 34 with 2.17 x 10(7) CFU/m1 for 15 min. Bivalent vaccines consisted of a 1:1 ratio of the modified live F columnare and AQUAVAC-ESC (TM) vaccine for the 15 min exposure (11 immersion bath). Non-vaccinated controls were held in I I water without vaccine for 15 min. Fish were challenged with E columnare (ALG-00-530) by immersion at days 109, 116, and 137 post-primary immunization or E. ictaluri (AL-93-75) by immersion at day 116 (bivalent vaccine group). Efficacy of monovalent modified live F columnare vaccine administered singly or with a booster vaccination was shown to be protective with relative percent survival (RPS) values ranging from 50.0 to 76.8. Some variation was seen in RPS values following bivalent immunization, ranging from 33.0 to 59.7 in the fish challenged with E columnare and 44.5 to 66.7 in fish challenged with E. ictaluri. However, the RPS values were not statistically different. The results suggest that administration of live bivalent vaccine at the eyed-egg stage is safe and elicits protection upon single pathogen challenge. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 0952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1126 EP 1131 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.055 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 134BK UT WOS:000244057400023 PM 17050050 ER PT J AU Quinn, BP Bernier, UR Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA Carlson, DA AF Quinn, Brian P. Bernier, Ulrich R. Geden, Christopher J. Hogsette, Jerome A. Carlson, David A. TI Analysis of extracted and volatile components in blackstrap molasses feed as candidate house fly attractants SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE house flies (Musca domestica); blackstrap molasses; fly bait; fly attractant ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FLIES DIPTERA-MUSCIDAE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS; MECHANICAL VECTORS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; AROMA; SUGAR AB House flies are a ubiquitous insect that have the potential to spread many diseases to humans and livestock. Managing house fly populations is accomplished by having desirable baits, traps, and killing agents. Most house fly baits are designed for outdoor use or limited indoor use, and have a foul odor that is not conducive to food preparatory and dining areas. Blackstrap molasses has long been used as a house fly bait, but it is sticky and viscous, making it difficult to handle. This study sought to identify compounds present in blackstrap molasses that might be attractive to house flies, and therefore, provide the public with an indoor bait that does not have an offensive smell and is easy to handle. Indoor bioassays with house flies using 50% blackstrap molasses diluted in deionized water, a hexane extract of blackstrap molasses, and deionized water, elicited 86.2%, 70.6%, and 13.8% responses, respectively. Hexane and diethyl ether extracts of blackstrap molasses produced a large number of corn ounds with widely differing organic structures including substituted phenols, nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, carboxylic acids, and many other organic compounds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Quinn, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bquinn@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 1139 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.039 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 127HA UT WOS:000243574900017 PM 17141254 ER PT J AU Almeria, S Vidal, D Ferrer, D Pabon, M Fernandez-de-Mera, MIG Ruiz-Fons, F Alzaga, V Marco, I Calvete, C Lavin, S Gortazar, C Lopez-Gatius, F Dubey, JP AF Almeria, S. Vidal, D. Ferrer, D. Pabon, M. Fernandez-de-Mera, M. I. G. Ruiz-Fons, F. Alzaga, V. Marco, I. Calvete, C. Lavin, S. Gortazar, C. Lopez-Gatius, F. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in non-carnivorous wildlife from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; wildlife; Spain; ELISA; IFAT ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOXES VULPES-VULPES; LLAMAS LAMA-GLAMA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; INTERMEDIATE HOST; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS AB Serum samples from 1034 non-carnivorous wildlife from Spain were tested for antibodies to Neospora caninum by competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). High agreement was observed between results in both techniques (kappa value higher than 0.9). Prevalences of N. caninum antibodies positive by both techniques were 11.8% of 237 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 7.7% of 13 barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), 6.1% of 33 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 0.3% of 298 wild boar (Sus scrofa). In one of 53 hares (Lepus granatensis), antibodies were found in the ELISA but could not be confirmed by IFAT due to lack of sample. Antibodies to N. caninum were not found in any of 251 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 79 fallow deer (Dama dama), 27 mouflon (Ovis ammon), 40 chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and three Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Statistically significant differences were observed between N. caninum seroprevalence in red deer and management of hunting estates (open versus fenced) with higher prevalence in fenced estates, and among sampling sites. Seroprevalence was particularly high in some areas (MO estate in South-Central Spain or some estates of Catalonia, North-East Spain), while no contact with N. caninum was observed in others. Results indicate that in certain areas of Spain, N. caninum is present in wildlife, especially in red deer. These results have important implications in both sylvatic cycles and may influence the prevalence of infection in cattle farms in those areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in wildlife from Spain and the first report of N. caninum antibodies in barbary sheep and wild boar. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, CReSA, Anat & Anim Hlth Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Castilla La Mancha, JCCM, IREC, CSIC, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Sch Vet, Wildlife Ecopathol Serv, Anim Med & Surg Dept, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Invest & Tecnol Agroalimentaria, Dept San Anim, Zaragoza 50059, Spain. Univ Lleida, Dept Anim Prod, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agraria, Lleida 25198, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lavin, Santiago/L-5975-2014; Calvete, Carlos/D-2038-2010; Lopez-Gatius, Fernando/B-9249-2011; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Sanz, Mar/G-2116-2011; Vidal, M Dolors/K-2192-2012; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/K-3161-2014; Fernandez de Mera, Isabel/F-6623-2013 OI Lavin, Santiago/0000-0001-5655-588X; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Calvete, Carlos/0000-0001-5028-947X; Lopez-Gatius, Fernando/0000-0002-6857-9739; Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Vidal, M Dolors/0000-0002-8671-6960; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco/0000-0002-0820-5292; Fernandez de Mera, Isabel/0000-0001-5936-4018 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 19 PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.027 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 131LU UT WOS:000243871300004 PM 16962706 ER PT J AU Doddapaneni, H Francis, M Yao, J Lin, H Civerolo, EL AF Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Francis, Marta Yao, Jiqiang Lin, Hong Civerolo, Edwin L. TI Genome-wide analysis of Xylella fastidiosa: implications for detection and strain relationships SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE comparative genomics; PCR; diagnosis; database; phylogeny; evolution ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; 16S-23S INTERGENIC SPACER; LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; PIERCES-DISEASE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; 1ST REPORT; 16S RDNA; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; SENSITIVE DETECTION AB The xylem limited plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes economically important diseases on agronomic, horticultural and landscape plants. This review includes the current status of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based systems for detection and characterization of X. fastidiosa, and presents a genome-wide analysis of strain differentiation. The use of genomics data for strain comparisons will improve the understanding of the genetic determinants of strain specific pathogenicity and virulence. The genome-level analysis can be applied to design new strategies for management and control of Xylella fastidiosa associated diseases in a wide range of crops. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Citrus Res Board, Visalia, CA 93279 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Civerolo, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM eciverolo@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI NAIROBI PA P. O. BOX 5170-00200, NAIROBI, 00000, KENYA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 199CH UT WOS:000248673300001 ER PT J AU Shi, XZ Harrison, RL Hollister, JR Mohammed, A Fraser, MJ Jarvis, DL AF Shi, Xianzong Harrison, Robert L. Hollister, Jason R. Mohammed, Ahmed Fraser, Malcolm J., Jr. Jarvis, Donald L. TI Construction and characterization of new piggyBac vectors for constitutive or inducible expression of heterologous gene pairs and the identification of a previously unrecognized activator sequence in piggyBac SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID SYNTHETASE; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES; GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; INSECT CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BACULOVIRUS GENOME; TRANSPOSON IFP2; SIALIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN AB Background: We constructed and characterized several new piggyBac vectors to provide transposition of constitutively- or inducibly-expressible heterologous gene pairs. The dual constitutive control element consists of back-to-back copies of a baculovirus immediate early (iel) promoter separated by a baculovirus enhancer (hr5). The dual inducible control element consists of back-to-back copies of a minimal cytomegalovirus (CMVmin) promoter separated by a synthetic operator (TetO7), which drives transcription in the presence of a mutant transcriptional repressor plus tetracycline. Results: Characterization of these vectors revealed an unexpected position effect, in which heterologous genes adjacent to the 3'- terminal region ("rightward" genes) were consistently expressed at higher levels than those adjacent to the 5'-terminal region ("leftward" genes) of the piggyBac element. This position effect was observed with all six heterologous genes examined and with both transcriptional control elements. Further analysis demonstrated that this position effect resulted from stimulation of rightward gene expression by the internal domain sequence of the 3'-terminal region of piggyBac. Inserting a copy of this sequence into the 5'- terminal repeat region of our new piggyBac vectors in either orientation stimulated leftward gene expression. Representative piggyBac vectors designed for constitutive or inducible expression of heterologous gene pairs were shown to be functional as insect transformation vectors. Conclusion: This study is significant because (a) it demonstrates the utility of a strategy for the construction of piggyBac vectors that can provide constitutive or inducible heterologous gene pair expression and (b) it reveals the presence of a previously unrecognized transcriptional activator in piggyBac, which is an important and increasingly utilized transposable element. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Chesapeake PERL Inc, Savage, MD 20763 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Jarvis, DL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM xianzong@uwyo.edu; harrisor@ba.ars.usda.gov; jason.hollister@piadc.ars.usda.gov; amohamme@nd.edu; fraser.1@nd.edu; dljarvis@uwyo.edu RI Fraser, Malcolm/C-9100-2009; Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48561, R21 AI048561, R01 AI048561]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM049734, GM49374] NR 37 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-7-5 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 132CW UT WOS:000243920700001 PM 17233894 ER PT J AU Paul, L Mishra, PK Blumenthal, RM Matthews, RG AF Paul, Ligi Mishra, Pankaj K. Blumenthal, Robert M. Matthews, Rowena G. TI Integration of regulatory signals through involvement of multiple global regulators: control of the Escherichia coli gltBDF operon by Lrp, IHF, Crp, and ArgR SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN; CYCLIC-AMP; HOST FACTOR; RNA-POLYMERASE; NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; ARGININE REPRESSOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; H-NS; TRANSCRIPTION; DNA AB Background: The glutamate synthase operon (gltBDF) contributes to one of the two main pathways of ammonia assimilation in Escherichia coli. Of the seven most-global regulators, together affecting expression of about half of all E. coli genes, two were previously shown to exert direct, positive control on gltBDF transcription: Lrp and IHF. The involvement of Lrp is unusual in two respects: first, it is insensitive to the usual coregulator leucine, and second, Lrp binds more than 150 bp upstream of the transcription starting point. There was indirect evidence for involvement of a third global regulator, Crp. Given the physiological importance of gltBDF, and the potential opportunity to learn about integration of global regulatory signals, a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches was used to investigate the involvement of additional regulatory proteins, and to determine their relative binding positions and potential interactions with one another and with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Results: Crp and a more local regulator, ArgR, directly control gltBDF transcription, both acting negatively. Crp-cAMP binds a sequence centered at -65.5 relative to the transcript start. Mutation of conserved nucleotides in the Crp binding site abolishes the Crp-dependent repression. ArgR also binds to the gltBDF promoter region, upstream of the Lrp binding sites, and decreases transcription. RNAP only yields a defined DNAse I footprint under two tested conditions: in the presence of both Lrp and IHF, or in the presence of Crp-cAMP. The DNAse I footprint of RNAP in the presence of Lrp and IHF is altered by ArgR. Conclusion: The involvement of nearly half of E. coli's most-global regulatory proteins in the control of gltBDF transcription is striking, but seems consistent with the central metabolic role of this operon. Determining the mechanisms of activation and repression for gltBDF was beyond the scope of this study. However the results are consistent with a model in which IHF bends the DNA to allow stabilizing contacts between Lrp and RNAP, ArgR interferes with such contacts, and Crp introduces an interfering bend in the DNA and/or stabilizes RNAP in a poised but inactive state. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Toledo, Program Bioinformat & Proteom Genom, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Biophys Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumenthal, RM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Hlth Sci Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. EM Ligi.Paul_Pottenplackel@tufts.edu; Pankaj.Mishra@utoledo.edu; Robert.Blumenthal@utoledo.edu; RMatthew@umich.edu RI Mishra, Pankaj/H-4191-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI054716, R01 AI054716] NR 62 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-7-2 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134BU UT WOS:000244058400001 PM 17233899 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Nordholm, G Ackermann, M AF Brogden, Kim A. Nordholm, Gwen Ackermann, Mark TI Antimicrobial activity of cathelicidins BMAP28, SMAP28, SMAP29, and PMAP23 against Pasteurella multocida is more broad-spectrum than host species specific SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptides; innate defense; cathelicidins; Pasteurella multocida; cattle; sheep; pigs ID PIG MYELOID CELLS; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; IN-VITRO; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; OVINE; SHEEP; PMAP-23; STRAINS; CDNA AB The antimicrobial activity of linear, cationic a-helical peptides from cattle (BMAP28), sheep (SMAP28 and SMAP29), and pigs (PMAP23) were assessed to determine if activity was selective for Pasteurella multocida from a particular animal species or broad-spectrum against all P. multocida tested. The antimicrobial activities of synthetic peptides were determined for P. multocida isolated from cattle (10 isolates), sheep (10 isolates), and pigs (10 isolates) in a broth microdilution assay. All thirty isolates of P multocida were susceptible to BMAP28 (MICs and MBCs, 1.0-1.9 mu M); SMAP28 and SMAP29 (MICs and MBCs, 0.2-0.7 mu M); and PMAP23 (MICs and MBCs, 4.3 to >= 6.8 mu M). Overall, the results of this study suggest that synthesized cathelicidins from cattle, sheep, and pigs had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all P. multocida. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Periodont, Dows Inst Dent Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Periodont, Dows Inst Dent Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kim-brogden@uiowa.edu NR 36 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 17 PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.005 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 128KY UT WOS:000243657800009 PM 16997510 ER PT J AU Gustafson, LL Ellis, SK Beattie, MJ Chang, BD Dickey, DA Robinson, TL Marenghi, FP Moffett, PJ Page, FH AF Gustafson, L. L. Ellis, S. K. Beattie, M. J. Chang, B. D. Dickey, D. A. Robinson, T. L. Marenghi, F. P. Moffett, P. J. Page, F. H. TI Hydrographics and the timing of infectious salmon anemia outbreaks among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farms in the Quoddy region of Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE infectious salmon anemia; Atlantic salmon; epidemiology; hydrographics; spatio-temporal; time-series cross-sectional regression ID 3 DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RISK-FACTORS; VIRUS ISAV; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; RT-PCR; IDENTIFICATION; MORTALITY AB Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) has caused severe morbidity and mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon in North America, Norway, Scotland and the Faroe Islands. The Quoddy region of Maine, United States of America (USA), and New Brunswick (NB), Canada is characterized by extensive tidal mixing and close proximity between farms. This region is also prone to recurrent appearances of ISA, though control measures limit disease spread and severity on infected farms. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the apparent impact of hydrographics on the incidence and timing of ISA outbreaks on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farms in the Quoddy region from May 2002 to August 2004. A time-series cross-sectional regression of 32 farms over 28 months demonstrated a limited, but statistically significant, spatio-ternporal clustering of ISA outbreaks linked hydrographically. New outbreaks correlated temporally with those occurring on-site 1 and 3 months prior, and those occurring within one tidal-excursion upstream the same month. other risk factors included holdover of previous year-class fish, wharf sharing, and possibly harvests of cages infected in previous months. Conclusions suggest that tidal dispersion does play a role in ISAV transmission in the Quoddy region. Dispersal of free virus and/or tidal distribution of lice or other hydrographically influenced vectors or fomites could all contribute to the spatio-temporal patterns described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Eastport, ME 04631 USA. New Brunswick DAFA, St George, NB E5C 3S9, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Gustafson, LL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Surveillance Unit, APHIS, VS,CEAH, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lori.L.Gustafson@aphis.usda.gov NR 67 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.006 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 134OS UT WOS:000244093300004 PM 17097172 ER PT J AU Shao, L Pollard, MJ Griffiths, PR Westermann, DT Bjorneberg, DL AF Shao, Limin Pollard, Matthew J. Griffiths, Peter R. Westermann, Dale T. Bjorneberg, David L. TI Rejection criteria for open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry during continuous atmospheric monitoring SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE open-path; atmospheric monitoring; FTIR; interferogram rejection ID FT-IR AB Over 32,000 interferograms measured during open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/Fr-IR) measurements at dairy and hog farms were evaluated for anomalies. Five types of anomalies could be distinguished: a reduction in the interferogram intensity because of weather-related optical misalignment; an increase in the amplitude of interferograms measured with too short a path-length that leads to a non-linear detector response; a periodic interference caused by wind-induced vibrations; the presence of spikes in the interferogram; and an increase in the noise level of the interferogram (and hence of the spectrum) because of the effect of electrical interference. Prior to testing for the presence of anomalous data, each interferogram is subjected to a high-pass filter. A noise level index is then calculated from the wings of the interferogram and interferograms are rejected if the value of this parameter is too high. When the criteria developed in this project are applied, OP/Fr-IR spectra may be measured at 1-min intervals over a period of several days. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Griffiths, PR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM pgriff@uidaho.edu RI Shao, Limin/F-6096-2010 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD JAN 16 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.06.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 130UC UT WOS:000243823500011 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Saporito, LS Stout, WL AF Soder, K. J. Saporito, L. S. Stout, W. L. TI Effect of by-product gypsum application rate to grass pasture, grass hay, and corn silage on fermentation by rumen microorganisms in continuous culture SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE continuous culture; digestibility; fermentation; forage; gypsum ID PHOSPHORUS; DIGESTION; RYEGRASS; SHEEP; PH AB A dual-flow continuous culture fermenter system was used to investigate ruminal fermentation in response to increased by-product gypsum application rate of three forages. The treatments included 0, 22, 45, and 90 tonnes/ha by-product gypsum applied to grass plots and 0, 22, and 45 tonnes/ha by-product gypsum applied to corn plots. Forage was harvested to represent grass pasture (GP), grass hay (GH), and corn silage (CS), dried, ground, and fed to fermenters at a rate of 60 g dry matter (DM)/day. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) digestibilities, rumen pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and N metabolism were not affected by gypsum application rate for all forage types. The GH had greater sulfur content than recommended as the maximum tolerable level by the National Research Council (NRC). The results of this study indicate that ruminal fermentation was not compromised when by-product gypsum was applied to GP, GH, or CS at rates up to 90 tonnes/ha. By-product gypsum application to pastures and crops shows promise as an economical soil amendment to reduce dissolved phosphorus loss in runoff, although potential animal health issues should be further evaluated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Kathy.Soder@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.004 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 127IN UT WOS:000243579200013 ER PT J AU You, FM Luo, MC Gu, YQ Lazo, GR Deal, K Dvorak, J Anderson, OD AF You, Frank M. Luo, Ming-Cheng Gu, Yong Qiang Lazo, Gerard R. Deal, Karin Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. TI GenoProfiler: batch processing of high-throughput capillary fingerprinting data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL MAP; CLONES; ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTIGS AB High-throughput content fingerprinting techniques employing capillary electrophoresis place new demands on the editing of fingerprint files for the downstream contig assembly program, FPC. A cross-platform software application, GenoProfiler, was developed for automated editing of sized fingerprinting profiles generated by the ABI Genetic Analyzers. The batch-processing module extracts the sized fragment information directly from the ABI raw trace files, or from data files exported from GeneMapper or other size calling software, removes the background noise and undesired fragments, and generates fragment size files compatible with the FPC software. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM oandersn@pw.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 7 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl494 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 133DQ UT WOS:000243992400053 PM 17018534 ER PT J AU Shappell, NW Billey, LO Forbes, D Matheny, TA Poach, ME Reddy, GB Hunt, PG AF Shappell, Nancy W. Billey, Lloyd O. Forbes, Dean Matheny, Terry A. Poach, Matthew E. Reddy, Gudigopuram B. Hunt, Patrick G. TI Estrogenic activity and steroid hormones in swine wastewater through a lagoon constructed-wetland system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SEWAGE; TREATMENT PLANTS; POULTRY LITTER; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; EFFLUENTS; DAIRY; TESTOSTERONE; SUBSTANCES AB Anaerobic lagoons and treatment wetlands are used worldwide to treat wastewater from dense livestock production facilities; however, there is very limited data on the hormonal activity of the wastewater effluent produced by these treatment systems. The objectives of this experiment were to measure (1) the hormonal activity of the initial effluent and (2) the effectiveness of a lagoon-constructed wetland treatment system for producing an effluent with a low hormonal activity. Wastewater samples were taken in April, July, and November 2004 and July 2005 from a lagoon-constructed wetland system at a swine farrowing facility. Estrogenic activity (in vitro E-screen assay), 17 beta-estradiol (E-2), and testosterone concentrations (LC/MS-MS) were measured. A high correlation was found between estradiol equivalents determined by E-screen and LC/MS-MS (R-2 = 0.82). Nutrient removal was measured to ensure that the wetlands were functioning in a manner similar to literature reports. Nutrient removals were typical for treatment wetlands: TKN 59-75% and orthophosphate 0-18%. Wetlands decreased estrogenic activity by 83-93%. Estrone was the most persistent estrogenic compound. Constructed wetlands produced effluents with estrogenic activity below the lowest equivalent E-2 concentration known to have an effect on fish (10 ng/L or similar to 37 x 10(-12) M). C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Shappell, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shappeln@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1021/es061268e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200022 PM 17310705 ER PT J AU Banuelos, G Leduc, DL Pilon-Smits, EAH Terry, N AF Banuelos, Gary LeDuc, Danika L. Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. Terry, Norman TI Transgenic Indian mustard overexpressing selenocysteine lyase or selenocysteine methyltransferase exhibit enhanced potential for selenium phytoremediation under field conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; TOLERANCE; PLANTS; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS; SYNTHETASE; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS AB Two new transgenic Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] lines were tested under field conditions for their ability to accumulate selenium (Se) from Se- and boron-contaminated saline sediment. The transgenic lines overexpress genes encoding the enzymes selenocysteine lyase (cpSL) and selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT), respectively. In the first Spring planting, cpSL, SMT, and wildtype plants (WT) were compared, while SMT and WT were compared in a second, Fall planting. In the Spring planting, shoots of the cpSL transgenic plants accumulated 2-fold more Se (p < 0.01), had 1.8 times higher leaf Se concentrations (p < 0.01), and grew better on contaminated soil than WT. The SMT plants had a 1.7-fold higher leaf Se concentration than WT (p < 0.05). In the Fall planting, the SMT transgenic plants accumulated 1.6-fold more Se in their shoots than WT (p < 0.01) with Se concentrations being higher in both leaves and stems. These results conclusively demonstrate that cpSL and SMT transgenic lines have significantly greater Se phytoremediation potential than wildtype Indian mustard. Further, this study confirms the importance of field testing for evaluating future transgenic lines. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Terry, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nterry@nature.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1021/es061152i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124RS UT WOS:000243388200045 PM 17310728 ER PT J AU Kozak, JA Ahuja, LR Green, TR Ma, LW AF Kozak, Joseph A. Ahuja, Lajpat R. Green, Timothy R. Ma, Liwang TI Modelling crop canopy and residue rainfall interception effects on soil hydrological components for semi-arid agriculture SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE rainfall interception; canopy; residue; water balance; infiltration; evaporation ID ADAPTED ANALYTICAL MODEL; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SYSTEM; EVAPORATION; VEGETATION; SIMULATION; WATER; WHEAT AB Crop canopies and residues have been shown to intercept a significant amount of rainfall. However, rainfall or irrigation interception by crops and residues has often been overlooked in hydrologic modelling. Crop canopy interception is controlled by canopy density and rainfall intensity and duration. Crop residue interception is a function of crop residue type, residue density and cover, and rainfall intensity and duration. We account for these controlling factors and present a model for both interception components based on Merriam's approach. The modified Merriam model and the Current modelling approaches were examined and compared with two field Studies and one laboratory study. The Merriam model is shown to agree well with measurements and was implemented within the Agricultural Research Service's Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). Using this enhanced version of RZWQM, three simulation studies were performed to examine the quantitative effects of rainfall interception by corn and wheat canopies and residues on soil hydrological components. Study I consisted of 10 separate hypothetical growing seasons (1991-2000) for canopy effects and 10 separate non-growing seasons (1991-2000) for residue effects for eastern Colorado conditions. For actual management practices in a no-till wheat-corn-fallow cropping sequence at Akron, Colorado (study II), a continuous 10-year RZWQM simulation was performed to examine the Cumulative changes on water balance components and crop growth caused by canopy and residue rainfall interception. Finally, to examine a higher precipitation environment, a hypothetical, no-till wheat-corn-fallow rotation scenario at Corvallis, Oregon, was simulated (study III). For all studies, interception was shown to decrease infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration from soil, deep seepage of water and chemical transport, macropore flow, leaf area index, and crop/grain yield. Because interception decreased both infiltration and soil evapotranspiration, no significant change in soil water storage was Simulated. Nonetheless, these findings and the new interception models are significant new contributions for hydrologists. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Agr Res Syst Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kozak, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Syst Unit, 2150 Ctr,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM joseph.kozak@mwrd.org RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1002/hyp.6235 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 129WK UT WOS:000243760600008 ER PT J AU Fialkov, AB Steiner, U Lehotay, SJ Amirav, A AF Fialkov, Alexander B. Steiner, Urs Lehotay, Steven J. Amirav, Aviv TI Sensitivity and noise in GC-MS: Achieving low limits of detection for difficult analytes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE detectability; sensitivity; limit of detection; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; supersonic molecular beam mass spectrometry ID SUPERSONIC MOLECULAR-BEAMS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIPLE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; CLUSTER CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; LARGE-VOLUME INJECTION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION AB Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument limit of detection (LOD) is typically listed by major vendors as that of octafluoronaphthalene (OFN). Most current GC-MS instruments can achieve LODs in the low femtogram range. However, GC-MS LODs for realistic analytes in actual samples are often a few orders of magnitude higher than OFN's. Users seldom encounter 1 pg LOD in the single ion monitoring mode in their applications. We define this delectability difference as the "OFN gap." In this paper, we demonstrate and discuss how the OFN gap can be significantly reduced by the use of GC-MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMB). Experimental results were obtained with a recently developed GC-MS with SMB named 1200-SMB, that is based on the conversion of the Varian 1200 system into a GC-MS-MS with SMB. With this 1200-SMB system, the LOD of all types of analytes, including OFN, in real samples is significantly improved through the combination of: (a) enhanced molecular ion; (b) elimination of vacuum background noise; (c) elimination of mass independent noise; (d) elimination of ion source peak tailing and degradation; (e) significantly increased range of thermally labile and low volatility compounds that are amenable for analysis through lower sample elution temperatures; (f) reduced column bleed and ghost peaks through sample elution at lower temperatures; (g) improved compatibility with large volume injections; and (h) reduced matrix interferences through the combination of enhanced molecular ion and MS-MS. As a result, the 1200-SMB LODs of common and/or difficult compounds are much closer to its OFN LOD, even in complex matrices. We crossed the <1 fg OFN LOD milestone to achieve the lowest LOD to date using GC-MS, but more importantly, we attained LOD of 2 fg for diazinon, a common pesticide analyte. In another example, we achieved an LOD of 10 fg for underivatized testosterone, which is not amenable in traditional GC-MS analysis, and conducted many analyses of naturally incurred testosterone in alligator blood extracts. In comparison with standard GC-MS, we measured delectability enhancement factors of 24 for dimethoate, 30 for methylstearate, 50 for cholesterol, 50 for permethrin, >400 for methomyl, and >2000 for C32H66. In general, the harder the compound analysis, the greater is the gain in sample detectability using the 1200-SMB versus traditional GC-MS. Thus, the 1200-SMB lowers LOD, particularly for difficult analytes that are normally sacrificed in methods, and the detectability gains can amount to a few orders of magnitude over traditional GC-MS in real-world applications. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Varian Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Amirav, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM amirav@tau.ac.il NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 260 IS 1 BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.07.002 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 128AK UT WOS:000243627800003 ER PT J AU Algers, B Lundeheim, N Boyle, LA Broom, DM Eliasson-Selling, L Holmgren, N Mattsson, B Grandin, T Halverson, M Lay, DC Marchant-Forde, JN Marchant-Forde, RM Li, YZ Pajor, EA Siegford, JM Stookey, JM Zanella, AJ AF Algers, Bo Lundeheim, Nils Boyle, Laura A. Broom, Donald M. Eliasson-Selling, Lena Holmgren, Nils Mattsson, Barbro Grandin, Temple Halverson, Marlene Lay, Donald C. Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde, Ruth M. Li, Yuzhi Pajor, Edmond A. Siegford, Janice M. Stookey, Joseph M. Zanella, Adroaldo J. TI Thoughts on farm animal welfare SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. TEAGASC, Pig Res & Dev Dept, Cork, Ireland. Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. Swedish Anim Hlth Serv, Uppsala, Sweden. Colorado State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Anim Welf Inst Midw Off, Northfield, MN USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Purdue Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Oslo, Norway. RP Algers, B (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 230 IS 2 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 126CT UT WOS:000243490500007 PM 17260420 ER PT J AU Steckel, V Clemons, CM Thoemen, H AF Steckel, Vera Clemons, Craig M. Thoemen, Heiko TI Effects of material parameters on the diffusion and sorption properties of wood-flour/polypropylene composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood-flour; polypropylene; composites; diffusion; sorption; moisture ID POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; PROCESSING METHOD; FIBER; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Composites of wood in a thermoplastic matrix (wood-plastic composites) are considered a low maintenance solution to using wood in outdoor applications. Knowledge of moisture uptake and transport properties would be useful in estimating moisture-related effects such as fungal attack and loss of mechanical strength. Our objectives were to determine how material parameters and their interactions affect the moisture uptake and transport properties of injection-molded composites of wood-flour and polypropylene and to compare two different methods of measuring moisture uptake and transport. A two-level, full-factorial design was used to investigate the effects and interactions of wood-flour content, wood-flour particle size, coupling agent, and surface removal on moisture uptake and transport of the composites. Sorption and diffusion experiments were performed at 20 degrees C and 65 or 85% relative humidity as well as in water, and diffusion coefficients were determined. The wood-flour content had the largest influence of all parameters on moisture uptake and transport properties. Many significant interactions between the variables were also found. The interaction between wood-flour content and surface treatment was often the largest. The diffusion coefficients derived from the diffusion experiments were different from those derived from the sorption experiments, suggesting that different mechanisms occur. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Wood Sci, Hamburg, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Steckel, V (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Dept Wood Sci, Martinistr 52, Hamburg, Germany. EM v.steckel@holz.uni-hamburg.de NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 2 BP 752 EP 763 DI 10.1002/app.25037 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 111QK UT WOS:000242468700014 ER PT J AU Hayes, DJ Cohen, WB AF Hayes, Daniel J. Cohen, Warren B. TI Spatial, spectral and temporal patterns of tropical forest cover change as observed with multiple scales of optical satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE satellite image change detection; tropical land cover and land use change; MODIS ID LINEAR MIXTURE MODEL; LANDSAT-ETM+ DATA; TM TASSELED CAP; VEGETATION REGROWTH; BIOSPHERE RESERVE; WESTERN OREGON; AVHRR DATA; MODIS DATA; IMAGERY; TRANSFORMATION AB This article describes the development of a methodology for scaling observations of changes in tropical forest cover to large areas at high temporal frequency from coarse resolution satellite imagery. The approach for estimating proportional forest cover change as a continuous variable is based on a regression model that relates multispectral, multitemporal MODIS data, transformed to optimize the spectral detection of vegetation changes, to reference change data sets derived from a Landsat data record for a study site in Central America. A number of issues involved in model development are addressed here by exploring the spatial, spectral and temporal patterns of forest cover change as manifested in a time-series of multi-scale satellite imagery. The analyses highlighted the distinct spectral change patterns from year-to-year in response to the possible land cover trajectories of forest clearing, regeneration and changes in climatic and land cover conditions. Spectral response in the MODIS Calibrated Radiances Swath data set followed more closely with the expected patterns of forest cover change than did the spectral response in the Gridded Surface Reflectance product. With forest cover change patterns relatively invariant to the spatial grain size of the analysis, the model results indicate that the best spectral metrics for detecting tropical forest clearing and regeneration are those that incorporate shortwave infrared information from the MODIS calibrated radiances data set at 500-m resolution, with errors ranging from 7.4 to 10.9% across the time periods of analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hayes, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Daniel.Hayes@Oregonstate.edu RI Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012 NR 54 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.002 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 129AQ UT WOS:000243701200001 ER PT J AU Bautista, EM Nfon, C Ferman, GS Golde, WT AF Bautista, Elida M. Nfon, Charles Ferman, Geoffery S. Golde, William T. TI IL-13 replaces IL-4 in development of monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) of swine SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendritic cell; IL-13; TLR agonists; porcine ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; INTERFERON-PRODUCING CELLS; MOUTH-DISEASE-VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; IN-VITRO; INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE PROFILES; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ALPHA-INTERFERON; T-CELLS AB Dendritic cells (DCs) are a critical aspect of innate immune responses in addition to initiating adaptive immunity. In vitro generation of monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) by culturing cells in IL-4 and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been reported for multiple species including swine. However, IL-4 is not a prominent cytokine detected in the periphery of common breeds of swine such as Yorkshire pigs. In this study, we report the generation and characterization of porcine MoDC in vitro using porcine IL-13 and porcine GM-CSF. These cells have the predicted expression of Class II MHC and T cell costimulatory molecules, phagocytic capacity and the ability to process and present antigen. Critically, porcine IL-13/GM-CSF MoDC have the unique ability to stimulate a primary mixed lymphocyte response in vitro. The type I interferon response of these MoDC to poly I:C (TLR3 ligand), LPS (TLR4 ligand) and CpG (TLR9 ligand) was tested. Of these TLR agonists, LPS or CpG did not stimulate induction of type I interferons, but a strong response was observed to poly I:C. This analysis shows that the generation of MoDCs in IL-13 yields cells of equivalent phenotype and function as IL-4 generated DC. However, for swine, in vitro generation of MoDC in IL-13 is likely to induce a more physiological cell population to study given expression of IL-4 is lacking in the periphery of these animals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.09.010 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 128LB UT WOS:000243658100007 PM 17070934 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, M Moroni, P Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD AF Rinaldi, Manuela Moroni, Paolo Paape, Max J. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Evaluation of assays for the measurement of bovine neutrophil reactive oxygen species SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; cattle; leukocyte; neutrophil; reactive oxygen species; respiratory burst ID INDUCED LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE; RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; PHAGOCYTE NADPH OXIDASE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; SUPEROXIDE GENERATION; DIHYDRORHODAMINE 123 AB During mastitis and other bacterial-mediated diseases of cattle, neutrophils play a critical role in the host innate immune response to infection. Neutrophils are among the earliest leukocytes recruited to the site of infection and contribute to host innate immune defenses through their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. The bactericidal activity of neutrophils is mediated, in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular release of ROS can induce injury to host tissue as well, and aberrant release of ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory-mediated diseases. Due to their essential role in bacterial clearance and implicated involvement in the pathogenesis of other diseases, there is much interest in the study of neutrophil-generated ROS. Several assays have been developed to measure ROS production, however, many of these have not been evaluated with bovine neutrophils. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate different assays capable of measuring bovine neutrophil ROS, and to compare the results of assays never previously tested with bovine neutrophils to those obtained from more well-established assays frequently used with these cells. Eight different assays were evaluated, including: luminol, isoluminol, and methyl cypridina luciferin analog (MCLA) chemiluminescence assays; Amplex Red, dihydroethidium (DHE), dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H(2)DCFDA), and dihydrorhodamine 123 fluorescence assays; and the cytochrome c absorbance assay. The assays were evaluated in the context of their abilities to detect ROS produced in response to two agonists commonly used to induce neutrophil activation, phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, was used to assess the specificity of the assays to detect ROS. The ability of these assays to discriminate between intra- and extracellular ROS and to specifically detect distinct ROS was evaluated using superoxide dismutase and catalase, which scavenge extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. With the exception of the DHE assay, all assays detected bovine neutrophil ROS generation elicited by PMA and zymosan. PMA, but not zymosan, was able to stimulate nentrophil generation of ROS at levels that were detectable with DHE. The MCLA chemilumineseence assay was the only assay that detected ROS produced in response to each of the lowest concentrations of PMA and zymosan tested. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate DHE-, MCLA-, Amplex Red-, and isoluminol-based assays for the measurement of bovine neutrophil ROS, and the most comprehensive comparative study of ROS assays under similar experimental conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 73 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.09.009 PG 19 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 128LB UT WOS:000243658100012 PM 17067684 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Dawson, H Kringel, H Solano-Aguilar, G Urban, JF AF Zarlenga, Dante S. Dawson, Harry Kringel, Helene Solano-Aguilar, Gloria Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Molecular cloning of the swine IL-4 receptor alpha and IL-13 receptor 1-chains: Effects of experimental Toxoplasma gondii, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis infections on tissue mRNA levels (vol 101, pg 223, 2004) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 1180 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zarlenga@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.09.005 PG 1 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 128LB UT WOS:000243658100023 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Van Noort, S AF Buffington, M. L. Van Noort, S. TI A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea : Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Pycnostigmus; Tylosema; Trjapitziniola; Pycnostigminae; Figitidae; Cynipoidea; Hymenoptera; new species; redescription ID SOUTH-AFRICA; CAPE FLORA; HYMENOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION AB Pycnostigmus rostratus Cameron, 1905, is redescribed and four new species of Pycnostigmus are described: P. mastersonae Buffington & van Noort, new species; P. incognito Buffington & van Noort, new species; P. fossilensis Buffington & van Noort, new species; and P. hoerikwaggoensis Buffington & van Noort, new species. Pycnostigmus mastersonae is the only known species of Cynipoidea with a metallic sheen on the head and mesosoma. A redescription of Tylosema nigerrimum Kieffer, 1905, is provided as well as the description of two new species: Tylosema dayae Buffington & van Noort, new species and Tylosema ronquisti Buffington & van Noort, new species. The discovery of two new species of Tylosema in South Africa is noteworthy since the only previously known species, T. nigerrimum Kieffer, is from Algeria. A redescription of Trjapitziniola popovi (Belizin 1951) is provided as well as the description of one new species: Trjapitziniola vanharteni Buffington & van Noort, new species. Trjapitziniola vanharteni was collected in the United Emirates Republic, which extends the distribution of Trjapitziniola well into the Arabian Penninsula. An online key to World species of Pycnostigminae and images are available at www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Figitidae/Pycnostigminae/index.htm, and images of all species contained within this paper are available from http://morphbank.net. C1 Smithsonian NMNH, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Div, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian NMNH, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mbuffington@sel.barc.usda.gov RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 15 PY 2007 IS 1392 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 125HR UT WOS:000243433500001 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, H Perfield, JW Souza, SC Shen, WJ Zhang, HH Stancheva, ZS Kraemer, FB Obin, MS Greenberg, AS AF Miyoshi, Hideaki Perfield, James W., II Souza, Sandra C. Shen, Wen-Jun Zhang, Hui-Hong Stancheva, Zlatina S. Kraemer, Fredric B. Obin, Martin S. Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Control of adipose triglyceride lipase action by serine 517 of perilipin A globally regulates protein kinase A-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; LIPID DROPLETS; EXPRESSION; TISSUE; METABOLISM; OBESITY; MICE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Phosphorylation of the lipid droplet-associated protein perilipin A (Peri A) mediates the actions of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) to stimulate triglyceride hydrolysis (lipolysis) in adipocytes. Studies addressing how Peri A PKA sites regulate adipocyte lipolysis have relied on non-adipocyte cell models, which express neither adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme for triglyceride catabolism in mice, nor the "downstream" lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). ATGL and HSL are robustly expressed by adipocytes that we generated from murine embryonic fibroblasts of perilipin knock-out mice. Adenoviral expression of Peri A PKA site mutants in these cells reveals that mutation of serine 517 alone is sufficient to abrogate 95% of PKA (forskolin)-stimulated fatty acid (FA) and glycerol release. Moreover, a "phosphomimetic" (aspartic acid) substitution at serine 517 enhances PKA-stimulated FA release over levels obtained with wild type Peri A. Studies with ATGL- and HSL-directed small hairpin RNAs demonstrate that 1) ATGL activity is required for all PKA-stimulated FA and glycerol release in murine embryonic fibroblast adipocytes and 2) all PKA-stimulated FA release in the absence of HSL activity requires serine 517 phosphorylation. These results provide the first demonstration that Peri A regulates ATGL- dependent lipolysis and identify serine 517 as the Peri A PKA site essential for this regulation. The contributions of other PKA sites to PKA-stimulated lipolysis are manifested only in the presence of phosphorylated or phosphomimetic serine 517. Thus, serine 517 is a novel "master regulator" of PKA-stimulated adipocyte lipolysis. C1 Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, HNRCA Tufts, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JMUSDA, HNRCA Tufts, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martin.obin@tufts.edu; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG024635]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-50647, P30 DK-34928]; NINDS NIH HHS [P30 NS047243] NR 41 TC 166 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 2 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1074/jbc.M605770200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 123KQ UT WOS:000243295200022 PM 17114792 ER PT J AU Crott, JW Liu, ZH Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Crott, Jimmy W. Liu, Zhenhua Choi, Sang-Woon Mason, Joel B. TI Folate depletion in human lymphocytes up-regulates p53 expression despite marked induction of strand breaks in exons 5-8 of the gene SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE p53; stand breaks; folate; micronucleus ID FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; IN-VITRO; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; C677T POLYMORPHISM; DNA METHYLATION; RECEPTOR-ALPHA AB Low dietary folate intake is associated with an elevated risk for carcinogenesis. One putative mechanism by which folate depletion promotes carcinogenesis is by inducing gene-specific strand breakage and impaired expression of affected genes. Primary human lymphocytes were cultured in media containing 15, 30 or 120 nM folic acid. p53 strand breaks, gene and protein expression, and p21 transcript were determined. Cells grown in 15 nM folate developed significant levels of p53 strand breaks, reflected by reductions in amplifiable DNA from p53 exons 5-8 (similar to 40% loss, P < 0.0001) and exons 7-8 (similar to 26% loss, P < 0.0001) compared to 30 and 120W. Nevertheless, steady-statep53 transcript was elevated two-fold in 15 and 30 compared to 120nM (P < 0.001). p53 protein abundance increased with decreasing media folate, as did p21 transcript. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay demonstrated a three-fold increase in chromosomal damage at the two lower folate concentrations (P < 0.01). In primary human lymphocytes, folate depletion induces a marked increase in p53 exons 5-8 breaks, but does not reduce steady-state levels of p53 mRNA, protein, or impair downstream signaling. The induction of p53 strand breaks by folate depletion does not impair p53 expression or action within all human cell lines. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K05 CA100048-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK007651-16] NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 626 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 128FR UT WOS:000243644100021 PM 17098465 ER PT J AU Kitzberger, T Brown, PM Heyerdahl, EK Swetnam, TW Veblen, TT AF Kitzberger, Thomas Brown, Peter M. Heyerdahl, Emily K. Swetnam, Thomas W. Veblen, Thomas T. TI Contingent Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on multicentury wildfire synchrony over western North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multiclecadal Oscillation; El Nino Southern Oscillation; fire history network; ocean warming; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; PAST 6 CENTURIES; UNITED-STATES; FIRE REGIMES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; TREE RECRUITMENT; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY AB Widespread synchronous wildfires driven by climatic variation, such as those that swept western North America during 1996, 2000, and 2002, can result in major environmental and societal impacts. Understanding relationships between continental-scale patterns of drought and modes of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) such as El Ni (n) over tildeo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) may explain how interannual to multiclecadal variability in SSTs drives fire at continental scales. We used local wildfire chronologies reconstructed from fire scars on tree rings across western North America and independent reconstructions of SST developed from tree-ring widths at other sites to examine the relationships of multicentury patterns of climate and fire synchrony. From 33,039 annually resolved fire-scar dates at 238 sites (the largest paleofire record yet assembled), we examined forest fires at regional and subcontinental scales. Since 1550 CE, drought and forest fires covaried across the West, but in a manner contingent on SST modes. During certain phases of ENSO and PDO, fire was synchronous within broad subregions and sometimes asynchronous among those regions. In contrast, fires were most commonly synchronous across the West during warm phases of the AMO. ENSO and PDO were the main drivers of high-frequency variation in fire (interannual to decadal), whereas the AMO conditionally changed the strength and spatial influence of ENSO and PDO on wildfire occurrence at multiclecadal scales. A current warming trend in AMO suggests that we may expect an increase in widespread, synchronous fires across the western U.S. in coming decades. C1 Univ Nacl Comahue, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn Argentina, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab Ecotono, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Rocky Mt Tree Ring Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kitzberger, T (reprint author), Univ Nacl Comahue, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn Argentina, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM kitzberger@gmail.com RI Kitzberger, Thomas/H-9209-2015 OI Kitzberger, Thomas/0000-0002-9754-4121 NR 31 TC 160 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 47 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 2 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606078104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125MG UT WOS:000243445400027 PM 17197425 ER PT J AU Balk, EM Raman, G Tatsioni, A Chung, M Lau, J Rosenberg, IH AF Balk, Ethan M. Raman, Gowri Tatsioni, Athina Chung, Mei Lau, Joseph Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Vitamin B-6, B-12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function - A systematic review of randomized trials SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; ORAL VITAMIN-B-12; OLDER-PEOPLE; DEMENTIA; PERFORMANCE; HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE; MEMORY; MOOD AB Background: Despite their important role in cognitive function, the value of B vitamin supplementation is unknown. A systematic review of the effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (hereinafter "vitamin B-6"), cyanocobalamin or hydroxycobalamin (hereinafter "vitamin B-12"), and folic acid supplementation on cognitive function was performed. Methods: Literature search conducted in MEDLINE with supplemental articles from reviews and domain experts. We included English language randomized controlled trials of vitamins B-6 and/or B-12 and/or folic acid supplementation with cognitive function outcomes. Results: Fourteen trials met our criteria; most were of low quality and limited applicability. Approximately 50 different cognitive function tests were assessed. Three trials of vitamin B-6 and 6 of vitamin B-12 found no effect overall in a variety of doses, routes of administration, and populations. One of 3 trials of folic acid found a benefit in cognitive function in people with cognitive impairment and low baseline serum folate levels. Six trials of combinations of the B vitamins all concluded that the interventions had no effect on cognitive function. Among 3 trials, those in the placebo arm had greater improvements in a small number of cognitive tests than participants receiving either folic acid or combination B-vitamin supplements. The evidence was limited by a sparsity of studies, small sample size, heterogeneity in outcomes, and a lack of studies that evaluated symptoms or clinical outcomes. Conclusion: The evidence does not yet provide adequate evidence of an effect of vitamin B-6 or B-12 or folic acid supplementation, alone or in combination, on cognitive function testing in people with either normal or impaired cognitive function. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Balk, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, 750 Washington St,NEMC 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ebalk@tufts-nemc.org FU PHS HHS [290-02-0023] NR 52 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.1.21 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 123ZK UT WOS:000243336200003 PM 17210874 ER PT J AU Shultz, JL Ray, JD Lightfoot, DA AF Shultz, Jeffry L. Ray, Jeffery D. Lightfoot, David A. TI A sequence based synteny map between soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GLYCINE-MAX; MARKERS; REGIONS; INFORMATION; LOCI; QTLS AB Background: Soybean ( Glycine max, L. Merr.) is one of the world's most important crops, however, its complete genomic sequence has yet to be determined. Nonetheless, a large body of sequence information exists, particularly in the form of expressed sequence tags ( ESTs). Herein, we report the use of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) for which the entire genomic sequence is available as a framework to align thousands of short soybean sequences. Results: A series of JAVA-based programs were created that processed and compared 341,619 soybean DNA sequences against A. thaliana chromosomal DNA. A. thaliana DNA was probed for short, exact matches (15 bp) to each soybean sequence, and then checked for the number of additional 7 bp matches in the adjacent 400 bp region. The position of these matches was used to order soybean sequences in relation to the A. thaliana genome. Conclusion: Reported associations between soybean sequences and A. thaliana were within a 95% confidence interval of e(-30)-e(-100). In addition, the clustering of soybean expressed sequence tags (ESTs) based on A. thaliana sequence was accurate enough to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the soybean sequence clusters. An EST, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequence and marker amplicon sequence synteny map of soybean and A. thaliana is presented. In addition, all JAVA programs used to create this map are available upon request and on the WEB. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Agr Syst, Genom & Biotechnol Core Facil, Ctr Excellence Soybean Rs, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jshultz@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov; jray@ars.usda.gov; ga4082@siu.edu OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-8 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 128MF UT WOS:000243661100001 ER PT J AU Choi, M Jacobs, JM Cosh, MH AF Choi, Minha Jacobs, Jennifer M. Cosh, Michael H. TI Scaled spatial variability of soil moisture fields SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB This study identifies soil moisture spatial variability patterns using measurements across different extents (i.e., field, watershed, and basin) and depths (i.e., from surface to root zone profile) from 18 different soil moisture field experiments. The spatial variability patterns are well represented by negative exponential functions between the mean and the coefficient of variation of soil moisture. Principal component analysis demonstrates that rainfall and topography explain surface soil moisture variability changes as soils dry, while soil parameters control the maximum relative variability. Soil moisture's relative variability typically decreases as sampling extent increases, supporting the power law decay function proposed by Rodriquez-Iturbe et al. (1995). The finding that soil moisture relative variability increases as soil depth increases is consistent with an earlier study (Choi and Jacobs, 2006). These common soil moisture variability patterns can provide a feasible methodology to validate land surface models and to estimate variability across extents from mean soil moisture values. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Choi, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mchoi@unh.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 AR L01401 DI 10.1029/2006GL028247 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124EW UT WOS:000243351300005 ER PT J AU Suzuki, H Riley, RT Sharma, RP AF Suzuki, Hirofumi Riley, Ronald T. Sharma, Raghubir P. TI Inducible nitric oxide has protective effect on fumonisin B-1 hepatotoxicity in mice via modulation of sphingosine kinase SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B1; nitric oxide; inducible iNOS; hepatotoxicity; sphingosine kinase ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACUTE LIVER-INJURY; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; MOUSE-LIVER; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MURINE MACROPHAGE; APOPTOSIS AB Fumonisin B-1, a mycotoxin, is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase causing marked dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in cells. This mycotoxin causes accumulation of free sphingoid bases (sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine or sphinganine) and their metabolites, important messengers involved in signal transduction leading to either cell survival or death. Free sphingoid bases are known apoptotic molecules whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate is protective. We previously reported that fumonisin B-1 caused sphingosine kinase (SPHK) induction along with the increase of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Fumonisin B-1 also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In the current study we employed a mouse strain with the targeted deletion of iNOS gene (Nos-KO) to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) on fumonisin B-1-induced hepatotoxicity. The Nos-KO mice exhibited increased hepatotoxicity after subacute fumonisin B-1 exposure compared to their wild type counterparts, the liver regeneration was lower in Nos-KO compared to that in the WT mice. Increased hepatotoxicity in Nos-KO was not related to the extent of free sphingoid base accumulation after fumonisin B-1 treatment; however, it was accompanied by a lack of fumonisin B-1-induced SPHK induction. The fumonisin B-1-induced SPT was unaffected by lack of iNOS gene. Deletion of iNOS gene did not prevent fumonisin B-1-dependent induction of inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and interleukin-12. The lack of fumonisin B-1-induced SPHK induction in Nos-KO was supported by a similar effect on phosphorylated metabolites of sphingoid bases; the equilibrium between sphingoid bases and their phosphates is maintained by SPHK. We therefore conclude that iNOS induction produced by fumonisin B-1 modulates SPHK activity; the lack of iNOS prevents generation of sphingosine 1-phosphate and deprives cells from its protective effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rpsharma@vet.uga.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES009403-01A2, R01 ES009403, ES09403] NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 229 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.010 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 125TZ UT WOS:000243467000005 PM 17095132 ER PT J AU Lenssen, AW Johnson, GD Carlson, GR AF Lenssen, A. W. Johnson, G. D. Carlson, G. R. TI Cropping sequence and tillage system influences annual crop production and water use in semiarid Montana, USA SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; semiarid; northern great plains; water use efficiency; crop rotation ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; DRYLAND WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL-WATER; STUBBLE RETENTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; USE EFFICIENCY; GRAIN-YIELD; PULSE CROPS; SEED YIELD; FIELD PEA AB Available water is typically the biggest constraint to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains of the USA. The most common rotation for spring wheat is with summer fallow, which is used to accrue additional soil moisture. Tillage during fallow periods controls weeds, which otherwise would use substantial amounts of water, decreasing the efficiency of fallow. Chemical fallow and zero tillage systems improve soil water conservation, allowing for increased cropping intensity. We conducted a field trial from 1998 through 2003 comparing productivity and water use of crops in nine rotations under two tillage systems, conventional and no-till. All rotations included spring wheat, two rotations included field pea, while lentil, chickpea, yellow mustard, sunflower, and safflower were present in single rotations with wheat. Growing season precipitation was below average most years, resulting in substantial drought stress to crops not following fallow. Preplant soil water, water use, and spring wheat yields were generally greater following summer fallow than wheat recropped after wheat or alternate crops. Water use and yield of wheat following summer fallow was greater than for chickpea or yellow mustard, the only other crops in the trial that followed summer fallow. Field pea performed best of all alternate crops, providing yields comparable to those of recropped spring wheat. Chickpea, lentil, yellow mustard, safflower, and sunflower did not perform well and were not adapted to this region, at least during periods of below average precipitation. Following summer fallow, and despite drought conditions, zero tillage often provided greater amounts of soil water at planting compared to conventional tillage. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, ASRU, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. RP Lenssen, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, ASRU, 1500N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM alenssen@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 4 PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.05.004 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 128YH UT WOS:000243695100004 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Biswas, A Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Biswas, Atanu Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Changes in structure and properties of starch of four botanical sources dispersed in the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; ionic liquid; amylopectin; imidazolium; structure; molecular weight; green chemistry ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHAIN-LENGTH; PHASE; DISSOLUTION; CELLULOSE; SOLVENTS; IMMOBILIZATION; BIOCATALYSIS; AMYLOPECTIN; STABILITY AB Ionic liquid (IL) has gained industry attention, especially in green chemistry. Researchers have utilized IL for dispersing cellulose, but no report using IL for other polysaccharides. In this study, corn, rice, wheat and potato starches were dispersed in hot water (DIHW) or IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and morphology, amylopectin molecular weight (APMw) and thermal properties (TP) were analyzed. For starch DIHW, corn and potato had gelatinized aggregates, whereas rice and wheat had granular clumps. Starch heat-dispersed in IL (HDIIL) had clumps composed of < 1 mu m diameter particles. Starch DIHW had little effect on APMw. Cereal starches had APMw greatly reduced by HDIIL (4-6 peaks observed). Potato amylopectin was degraded less by IL (two peaks) probably because charged phosphomonoesters covalently bonded to imidazolium rings or repelled IL chloride ions and large granule size impeded IL penetration, reducing reaction efficiency. TP showed potato starch incompletely gelatinized by HDIIL. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 52 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN 2 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 118SD UT WOS:000242961100003 ER PT B AU Genc, HM Cataltepe, Z Pearson, T AF Genc, Hakka Murat Cataltepe, Zehra Pearson, Thomas GP IEEE TI A New PCA/ICA Based Feature Selection Method SO 2007 IEEE 15TH SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA Turkish DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 15th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference CY JUN 11-13, 2007 CL Eskisehir, TURKEY SP IEEE ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ALGORITHMS AB Dimensionality reduction algorithms help reduce the classification time and sometimes the classification error of a classifier ([1], [2], [3], [4] ve [5]). For time critical applications, in order to have reduction in the feature acquisition phase, feature selection methods are more preferable to dimensionality reduction methods, which require measurement of all inputs. Traditional feature selection methods, such as forward or backward feature selection, are costly to implement. In this study, we introduce a new feature selection method that decides on which features to retain, based on how PCA (Principal Component Analysis) or ICA (Independent Component Analysis) [6] values those features. We compare the accuracy of our method to backward and forward feature selection with the same number of features selected and PCA and ICA using the same number of principal and independent components. For our experiments, we use spectral measurement data taken from corn kernels infested and not infested by fungi. C1 [Genc, Hakka Murat] Marmara Arastirma Merkezi, Bilisim Teknol Enstitusu, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Cataltepe, Zehra] Istanbul Univ, Bilgisayar Muhendisligi Bolumu, Istanbul, Turkey. [Pearson, Thomas] USDA ARS, Muhendislik Arastrmala Birimi, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Genc, HM (reprint author), Marmara Arastirma Merkezi, Bilisim Teknol Enstitusu, Kocaeli, Turkey. EM murat.genc@bte.mam.gov.tr; cataltepe@itu.edu.tr; thomas.pearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0719-4 PY 2007 BP 1174 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHG32 UT WOS:000252924600295 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Guo, WC Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Nelson, Stuart O. Guo, Wen-Chuan Trabelsi, Samir Kays, Stanley J. GP IEEE TI Sensing quality of watermelons through dielectric permittivity SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Guo, Wen-Chuan] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Kays, Stanley J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 282 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400071 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. GP IEEE TI Inexpensive microwave moisture sensor for granular materials SO 2007 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 09-15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc C1 [Trabelsi, Samir; Nelson, Stuart O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-0877-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2007 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHS60 UT WOS:000255973400074 ER PT S AU Lee, SM Abbott, AL Ararnan, PA AF Lee, Sang-Mook Abbott, A. Lynn Ararnan, Philip A. GP IEEE TI Dimensionality reduction and clustering on statistical manifolds SO 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, hp invent, INI-GraphicsNet, VIOSO ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; SEGMENTATION; IMAGE; PROBABILITY; DIFFUSION; SPACE; MODEL AB Dimensionality reduction and clustering on statistical manifolds is presented. Statistical manifold [16] is a 2D Riemannian manifold which is statistically defined by maps that transform a parameter domain onto a set of probability density functions. Principal component analysis (PCA) based dimensionality reduction is performed on the manifold, and therefore, estimation of a mean and a variance of the set of probability distributions are needed. First, the probability distributions are transformed by an isometric transform that maps the distributions onto a surface of hyper-sphere. The sphere constructs a Riemannian manifold with a simple geodesic distance measure. Then, a Frechet mean is estimated on the Riemannian manifold to perform the PCA on a tangent plane to the mean. Experimental results show that clustering on the Riemannian space produce more accurate and stable classification than the one on Euclidean space. C1 [Lee, Sang-Mook; Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ararnan, Philip A.] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM LSMOOK@vt.edu; abbott@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-1179-5 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2007 BP 3125 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGT02 UT WOS:000250382806033 ER PT S AU Clark, SL Hallgren, SW Engle, DM Stahle, DW AF Clark, Stacy L. Hallgren, Stephen W. Engle, David M. Stahle, David W. BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI THE HISTORIC FIRE REGIME ON THE EDGE OF THE PRAIRIE: A CASE STUDY FROM THE CROSS TIMBERS OF OKLAHOMA SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management DE Anglo-American settlement; Cross Timbers; drought; fire regime; oak recruitment; Oklahoma; stand dynamics ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; MISSOURI OZARKS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; OAK FOREST; DYNAMICS; USA; RECRUITMENT; MOUNTAINS; DROUGHT AB Changes in the historical disturbance regime because of Anglo-American settlement and forced removal of Native Americans have altered vegetation composition and structure of forests, particularly in mesic ecosystems. However, xeric forests have gone largely unstudied, even though they may contain some of the largest tracts of remnant old-growth forests in eastern North America. Using dendrochronological techniques, we reconstructed fire, drought, and vegetation dynamics of an old-growth forest in the Cross Timbers region of Oklahoma. We tested predictions that fires would 1) be influenced by topography, 2) have decreased in frequency since Anglo-American settlement, 3) increase in frequency during drought events, and 4) be followed by pulses of hardwood recruitment. Support for our first prediction included higher fire frequency on the most southwest-facing aspect. We found no evidence to support prediction 2; fires became more frequent following Native American and Anglo-American movement into the area. Our third and fourth predictions were both supported; large-scale fire events occurred following periods of prolonged drought and 57-100% of oak ( Quercus) recruitment followed a fire event. In contrast, eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), an invasive native species, recruited during fire-free periods. Our results indicate that the sequence of drought followed by fire is an important process in long-term maintenance of forest conditions in this oak ecosystem. We attribute the increase in fire frequency after settlement to increasing local anthropogenic ignitions. The local effect of settlement on the fire regime (i.e., increased fire frequency) seems to contrast with the regional effects of settlement (i.e., decreased fire frequency). C1 [Clark, Stacy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Clark, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 1568, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM stacyclark@fs.fed.us NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 40 EP 49 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800006 ER PT S AU Ford, PL White, CS AF Ford, Paulette L. White, Carleton S. BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI EFFECTS OF DORMANT-SEASON FIRE AT THREE DIFFERENT FIRE FREQUENCIES IN SHORTGRASS STEPPE OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management AB Prior to proceeding with large-scale fire reintroduction as a grassland management option, appropriate fire frequencies need to be determined. This research experimentally tested the effects of dormant-season fire on ground cover and on plant and soil nutrient cycling in shortgrass steppe at three different fire frequencies. The objective was to determine if fire return interval had detrimental effects on soil fertility and perennial grass cover relative to untreated grassland. This study is part of a long-term, 18-y study examining the effects of fire at return intervals of 3, 6, and 9 y. The study is located in the southern Great Plains of northeastern New Mexico (lat 36 degrees 31'20 '' N, long 103 degrees 3'30 '' W). The 160-ha site has mostly native vegetation, with the sod-forming Buchloe dactyloides and the bunchgrass Bouteloua gracilis being the dominant plant cover. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and five replicate 2-ha plots per treatment. Treatments were fire return intervals of 3 y (3D) burned three times, 6 y (6D) burned twice, 9 y (9D) burned once, and unburned (U) plots. Treatments were applied in April 1997, 2000, and 2004. Vegetation and soil samples and ground-cover measurements were taken in October 2004. Response variables included percent litter, bare ground and live perennial grass cover, soil organic matter content and potentially mineralizable nitrogen, and Bouteloua gracilis nutrient content. Six months after fire treatments, there were no significant differences in perennial grass cover among treatments. However, litter cover was significantly reduced by increased burn frequencies (P = 0.05) from highest to lowest, as follows: U, 9D, 6D, and 3D. Conversely, bare ground increased with increased burn frequencies (P = 0.05) from lowest to highest, as follows: U, 9D, 6D, and 3D. Burn frequency had no significant effect on soil organic matter and nutrient availability. There were no significant differences in Bouteloua gracilis nutrient content, but there was a trend toward a higher percentage of nitrogen with more frequent burns. All fire frequencies produced minimal changes in grass cover and nutrient content and soil fertility. However, shorter fire return intervals may increase bare soil and erosion potential. C1 [Ford, Paulette L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Ford, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway St,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800014 ER PT S AU Gottfried, GJ Neary, DG Ffolliott, PF AF Gottfried, Gerald J. Neary, Daniel G. Ffolliott, Peter F. BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO DETERMINING EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE ON SOUTHWESTERN BORDERLANDS OAK SAVANNAS: A BASELINE STUDY SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management DE ecosystem approach; oak (Quercus) savannas; prescribed fire; seasonal burning; southwestern Borderlands AB Many traditional land management activities and supporting research have concentrated on one or two resources, with limited evaluations of interactions among other potential values. An ecosystem approach to land management requires an evaluation of the blend of physical and biological factors needed to assure productive, healthy ecosystems. Ideally, social and economic values also should be considered. The U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service's Coronado National Forest and its partners have just completed a draft for the Peloncillo Programmatic Fire Plan to address fire management strategies for this mountain range, which lies along the southern Arizona-New Mexico border. The plan was designed to reintroduce prescribed or managed fires into an area where wildfires have been excluded since the late 19(th) century. One persistent question concerned the impacts of cool-season (November-April) and warm-season (May-October) fires on the oak (Quercus spp.) ecosystems that are common throughout these mountains. Fires normally occur in June or early July before the summer monsoon rains. However, hotter warm-season fires could damage important wildlife habitats by killing larger numbers of standing trees and shrubs used as nesting sites or cover or as sources of food, and thus some managers prefer burning during the cooler season. The Rocky Mountain Research Station's Southwestern Borderlands Ecosystem Management Project and its cooperators have initiated a research program to evaluate the impacts of season of burning on a large number of ecosystem components, including hydrology, sedimentation, vegetation, soil nutrient dynamics, small and large mammals, birds, and snakes and other reptiles. Our research is concentrated on 12 small, gauged watersheds that support oak savannas or open woodlands. We plan to burn four watersheds in the warm season, burn four in the cool season, and leave four as controls. The watershed and companion studies are currently in the pre-burn calibration phase. However, little is actually known about the oak ecosystems of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where most of these oak stands are found. The preliminary results have provided important new information about these lands. This paper describes the studies and initial results obtained during the pre-treatment phase of this project. C1 [Gottfried, Gerald J.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. RP Gottfried, GJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2324 E McDowell Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. EM ggottfried@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800027 ER PT S AU Peterson, DW AF Peterson, David W. BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI VEGETATION RESPONSES TO SEEDING AND FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS AFTER WILDFIRE IN NORTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON STATE SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800028 ER PT S AU Munger, GT Zouhar, K Smith, JK AF Munger, Gregory T. Zouhar, Kris Smith, Jane Kapler BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI NONNATIVE INVASIVE PLANTS AND FIRE: LITERATURE REVIEWS AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management C1 [Munger, Gregory T.; Zouhar, Kris; Smith, Jane Kapler] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Munger, GT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 W US Highway 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800049 ER PT S AU Castillo, JM Enriques, G Nakahara, M Weise, D Ford, L Moraga, R Vihnanek, R AF Castillo, J. Michael Enriques, Gayland Nakahara, Miles Weise, David Ford, Lawrence Moraga, Rodrigo Vihnanek, Robert BE Masters, RE Galley, KEM TI EFFECTS OF CATTLE GRAZING, GLYPHOSATE, AND PRESCRIBED BURNING ON FOUNTAINGRASS FUEL LOADING IN HAWAI'I SO 23RD TALL TIMBERS FIRE ECOLOGY CONFERENCE: FIRE IN GRASSLAND AND SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEMS SE Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2005 CL Bartlesville, OK SP Tall Timbers Res Stn, Joint Fire Sci Program, Nat Conservancy, Rangeland Ecol & Management Program, Oklahoma State Univ, SE Fire Ecol Partnership, USDI Bur Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Assoc Fire Ecol, Natl Interagcy Prescribed Fire Training Ctr, Soc Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter, Soc Range Management DE crimson fountaingrass; fire; flame length; fuels reduction; glyphosate; grazing; Hawai'i; leeward; Pennisetum setaceum; rate of spread ID ALIEN GRASS; FIRE AB Crimson fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaceum) is a nonnative invasive grass that has occupied a significant portion of the western side of the island of Hawai`i. As a result, several fires in excess of 4,049 ha have occurred in the area over the past 20 y. We are studying the effectiveness of cattle grazing, aerial application of glyphosate herbicide, and prescribed burning to reduce the fuel loading of fountaingrass in this dry, tropical setting. Grazing and prescribed burning were applied as whole-plot treatments to plots ranging in area from 2.4 to 6.5 ha; glyphosate herbicide was aerially applied as a split-plot treatment. Plots were burned in January and February 2004, aerially sprayed in March and May 2004, and grazed by cattle in March and April 2004. Fuels were sampled prior to treatment and at periodic intervals over the first year following treatment. Fuel and fire behavior variables were measured during the prescribed burns. Pre-treatment fuel loading ranged from 9 to 11 Mg/ha and fuel height averaged 0.5 m. Observed dead fuel moistures were 12-16% and live grass fuel moisture was > 270% during the prescribed burns. Fire spread rates up to 16.8 m/min and flame heights up to 3.7 m were observed. Prescribed burning and glyphosate reduced fuel loads by 46% and 14%, respectively. Fuel height was reduced by 8-48%. Grazing did not have a significant effect in this study. Fuel height did recover and fuel loads did not recover to pretreatment levels within 13 mo of the prescribed burns. C1 [Weise, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Weise, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dweise@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TALL TIMBERS RESEARCH STATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 13093 HENRY BEADEL DRIVE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32312 USA SN 0082-1527 J9 TALL TIMB FIRE ECOL PY 2007 IS 23 BP 230 EP 239 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BND20 UT WOS:000274198800052 ER PT J AU Karlsen, AK Steiner, JJ AF Karlsen, A. K. Steiner, J. J. TI Scandinavian colonial bentgrass diversity described by RAPD, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, and collecting site ecogeography SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agrostis capillaris; ecotypes; markers; variation ID CREEPING BENTGRASS; ELECTROPHORETIC IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; WETLAND GRASSES; CULTIVARS; REAPPEARANCE; ILLUMINATION; TOLERANCE; ISOZYME; MARKERS AB Scant information is available describing the diversity of colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) accessions, particularly from boreal and sub-polar ecoregions. In this study, we have compared the diversity of 18 Scandinavian accessions with three ecologically diverse accessions from more southern latitudes. Two of three Scandinavian pools overlapped in the humid temperate boreal ecoregion, and a third pool coincided with the Subarctic Continental Boreal ecoregion. The fourth pool comprised the three lower latitude accessions from non-boreal environments. The more northern latitude Scandinavian accessions had greater photosystem II variable fluorescence reappearance ratio (FRR) than the southern accessions, perhaps indicating an adaptive mechanism for these limited growth environments. C1 Nordland Res Inst, NO-0811 Bodo, Norway. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Karlsen, AK (reprint author), Nordland Res Inst, NO-0811 Bodo, Norway. EM aasbjoern.karlsen@nforsk.no NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1080/09064710500517865 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 145DU UT WOS:000244846300003 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Scott, SA Rodhouse, TJ Ormsbee, PC Zinck, JM AF Weller, Theodore J. Scott, Shonene A. Rodhouse, Thomas J. Ormsbee, Patricia C. Zinck, Jan M. TI Field identification of the cryptic vespertilionid bats, Myotis lucifugus and M-yumanensis SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; echolocation; geographic variation; mtDNA; species identification; Myotis lucifugus; M. yumanensis ID ECHOLOCATION CALL STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; CHIROPTERA; DETECTOR; CAPTURE; HABITAT; MAMMALS; DESIGN AB Recent advances in molecular techniques have provided new tools for confirming species identities, however they can be expensive and results are not immediately available. Myotis lucificugus and M yumanensis are morphologically cryptic species of bats sympatric in western North America that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. We evaluated a set of models that used morphological and echolocation call characters obtained in the field to predict species identity as determined by DNA analysis. We constructed models using data from 98 M lucifugus and 100 M. yumanensis captured throughout the Pacific Northwest from which we had obtained high-quality, time-expansion recordings of their echolocation calls. The best model for distinguishing the species combined forearm length and characteristic frequency of echolocation calls and was able to identify 92% of M lucifugus and 91% of M yumanensis individuals, with >= 95% confidence. We evaluated the applicability of our model by testing it on additional datasets. Our model correctly classified 83% of M. lucifugus (n = 30) and 93% of M yumanensis (n = 29) individuals captured in north-central Oregon, whose echolocation calls were recorded using a zero-crossings echolocation detection system. It also correctly classified 86% of M lucifugus (n = 22) and 85% of M yumanensis (n = 26) individuals, captured throughout our study area, for which only poor-quality time-expansion recordings of echolocation calls were obtained. Combining morphometrics with echolocation call characteristics may be a useful approach for distinguishing among pairs of cryptic species of bats in other areas. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory & Monitori, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM rweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU POLISH ACAD OF SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY WILCZA 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[133:FIOTCV]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204CV UT WOS:000249022100009 ER PT S AU Winandy, JE AF Winandy, Jerrold E. BE Zhang, D Pickering, K Gabbitas, B Cao, P Langdon, A Torrens, R Verbeek, J TI Advanced wood- and bio-composites: Enhanced performance and sustainability SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING IV SE ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY DEC 10-13, 2006 CL Hamilton, NEW ZEALAND SP Titanox Dev Ltd, Royal Soc New Zealand, Soc Mat New Zealand Inc DE composites; sustainability; biocomposites; high-performance. AB Use of wood-based-composites technology to create value-added commodities and traditional construction materials is generally accepted worldwide. Engineered wood- and lignocellulosic-composite technologies allow users to add considerable value to a diverse number of wood- and lignocellulosic feedstocks including small-diameter timber, fast plantation-grown timber, agricultural fibre and lignocellulosic residues, exotic-invasive species, recycled lumber, and timber removals of hazardous forest-fuels. Another potential advantage of this type of economic- and materials-development scenario is that developing industrial composite processing technologies will provide producers an ability to use, and to adapt with, an ever-changing quality level of wood and/or other natural lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, the current level of performance of our state-of-the-art engineered composite products sometimes limit broader application into commercial, non-residential and industrial construction markets because of both real and perceived issues related to fire, structural-performance, and service-life. The worldwide research community has recognized this and is currently addressing each of these issues. From a performance standpoint, this developing knowledge has already and will continue to provide the fundamental understanding required to manufacture advanced engineered composites. From a manufacturing and a resource sustainability standpoint, with this evolving fundamental understanding of the relationships between materials, processes, and composite performance properties we now can in some cases, or may soon be able to, recognize the attributes and quality of an array of bio-based materials then adjust the composite manufacturing process to produce high-performance composite products. As this fundamental understanding is developed, we will increasingly be able to produce advanced, high-performance wood- and bio-composites. Then we must use those technologies as tools to help forest and land managers fund efforts to restore damaged eco-systems and which in turn may further promote sustainable forest management practices. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Engn Composites Sci 1RWU4706, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Engn Composites Sci 1RWU4706, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-466-8 J9 ADV MAT RES PY 2007 VL 29-30 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHL90 UT WOS:000254167500002 ER PT S AU Graham, RD Welch, RM Saunders, DA Ortiz-Monasterio, I Bouis, HE Bonierbale, M de Haan, S Burgos, G Thiele, G Liria, R Meisner, CA Beebe, SE Potts, MJ Kadian, M Hobbs, PR Gupta, RK Twomlow, S AF Graham, Robin D. Welch, Ross M. Saunders, David A. Ortiz-Monasterio, Ivan Bouis, Howarth E. Bonierbale, Merideth de Haan, Stef Burgos, Gabriella Thiele, Graham Liria, Reyna Meisner, Craig A. Beebe, Steve E. Potts, Michael J. Kadian, Mohinder Hobbs, Peter R. Gupta, Raj K. Twomlow, Steve BE Sparks, DL TI Nutritious subsistence food systems SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 92 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; IRON BIOAVAILABILITY; FISH CULTURE; HUMAN-NEEDS; RICE; HEALTH; WHEAT; BANGLADESH AB The major subsistence food systems of the world that feed resource-poor populations are identified and their capacity to supply essential nutrients in reasonable balance to the people dependent on them has been considered for some of these with a view to overcoming their nutrient limitations in sound agronomic and sustainable ways. The approach discusses possible cropping system improvements and alternatives in terms of crop combinations, external mineral supply, additional crops, and the potential for breeding staples in order to enhance their nutritional balance while maintaining or improving the sustainability and dietary, agronomic, and societal acceptability of the system. The conceptual framework calls for attention first to balancing crop nutrition that in nearly every case will also increase crop productivity, allowing sufficient staple to be produced on less land so that the remaining land can be devoted to more nutrient-dense and nutrient-balancing crops. Once this is achieved, the additional requirements of humans and animals (vitamins, selenium, and iodine) can be addressed. Case studies illustrate principles and strategies. This chapter is a proposal to widen the range of tools and strategies that could be adopted in the HarvestPlus Challenge Program to achieve its goals of eliminating micronutrient deficiencies in the food systems of resource-poor countries. (c) 2007, Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Interag Pty Ltd, Victor Harbor, SA 5211, Australia. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Obregon, Mexico. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. Int Potato Ctr, Quito, Ecuador. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Int Fertilizer Dev Ctr, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. Int Potato Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Int Potato Ctr, Delhi, India. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, New Delhi, India. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. RP Graham, RD (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. OI Bouis, Howarth/0000-0001-5432-9192 NR 141 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-373686-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 92 BP 1 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(04)92001-9 PG 74 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BFP50 UT WOS:000243626600001 ER PT S AU Sojka, RE Bjorneberg, DL Entry, JA Lentz, RD Orts, WJ AF Sojka, R. E. Bjorneberg, D. L. Entry, J. A. Lentz, R. D. Orts, W. J. BE Sparks, DL TI Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 92 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE INFECTION; SYNTHETIC SOIL CONDITIONERS; EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS; FORESTED WETLAND SOILS; OFF-SITE MOVEMENT; SILT LOAM SOIL; FURROW IRRIGATION; WASTE-WATER AB Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) has been sold since 1995 to reduce irrigation-induced erosion and enhance infiltration. Its soil stabilizing and flocculating properties improve runoff water quality by reducing sediments, N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total P, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pesticides, weed seeds, and microorganisms in runoff. PAM used for erosion control is a large (12-15 Mg mol(-1)) water-soluble (noncross-linked) anionic molecule, containing < 0.05% acrylamide monomer. In a series of field studies, PAM eliminated 80-99% (94% avg.) of sediment in runoff from furrow irrigation, with a 15-50% infiltration increase compared to controls on medium to fine-textured soils. Similar but less dramatic results occur with sprinkler irrigation. In sandy soils infiltration is often unchanged by PAM or can be slightly reduced. Typical seasonal application totals in furrow irrigation vary from 3 to 7 kg ha(-1). Research has shown little or no consistent adverse effect on soil microbial populations. Some evidence exists for PAM-related yield increases where infiltration was crop-limiting, especially in field portions having irregular slopes, where erosion prevention eliminated deep furrow cutting that deprives shallow roots of adequate water delivery. Modified water management with PAM shows great promise for water conservation. High effectiveness and low cost of PAM for erosion control and infiltration management, coupled with easier implementation than traditional conservation measures, has resulted in rapid adoption. About 800,000 ha of US irrigated land use PAM for erosion and/or infiltration management. In recent years, PAM has been deployed for uses beyond agricultural erosion control, including construction site erosion control, use in storm water runoff ponds to accelerate water clarification, soil stabilization and dust prevention in helicopter-landing zones, and various other high-traffic military situations. Among the newest topics being researched is the use of PAM to reduce ditch, canal, and pond seepage, using specific application protocols that take advantage of its increase of water viscosity at higher concentrations. (c) 2007, Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, Byprod Engn & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N-3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 418 TC 120 Z9 134 U1 15 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-373686-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 92 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(04)92002-0 PG 90 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BFP50 UT WOS:000243626600002 ER PT S AU Fiedler, S Vepraskas, MJ Richardson, JL AF Fiedler, Sabine Vepraskas, Michael J. Richardson, J. L. BE Sparks, DL TI Soil redox potential: Importance, field measurements, and observations SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 94 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS; SUMMING OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER; STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; PLACED PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; NATURAL-WATERS; REDUCING CONDITIONS; STRUCTURAL IRON; WETLAND SOILS; IN-SITU; HYDRIC CONDITIONS AB Reduction and oxidation measurements create important data for analysis of wet soils. These measurements are actually recordings of voltage (EH) over time between a reference electrode and a sensor electrode inserted into a soil. The sensor electrodes are usually made of platinum wire (Pt electrode). Hydric soils require a period of reduction, and these measures can provide the length of time that the reduction process is occurring. The voltage results from an exchange of electrons between a redox couple such as ferrous and ferric iron during the process of reduction and oxidation. In soils that have fluctuating wet and dry conditions, wide fluctuations in Eh occur. Micro site differences complicate these measurements in that anaerobes may be active and at 1-cm away they are completely inactive. The ferrous-ferric iron couple usually dominates these measurements but other couple often contributes complicating the measurements and interpretations of the data. Reference electrodes are often fine for laboratory work but are not rugged enough for the field. In this chapter, suggestions for improvement are discussed. Field-measuring equipment and the Pt electrode are also sensitive and subject to problems that often lead to spurious results in the field. These problems are discussed at length. Iron-coated tubes and other methods of establishing redox conditions are relatively recent and are discussed, also. (c) 2007, Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bodenkunde & Standortslehre, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Fiedler, S (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bodenkunde & Standortslehre, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 197 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 16 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374107-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 94 BP 1 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(06)94001-2 PG 54 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BGG13 UT WOS:000246634600001 ER PT S AU Pettigrew, WT Gerik, TJ AF Pettigrew, W. T. Gerik, T. J. BE Sparks, DL TI Cotton leaf photosynthesis and carbon metabolism SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 94 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; PIMA COTTON; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Photosynthesis is the basis of plant dry matter production and a major determination of yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Much of the cotton yield increases in recent years can be attributed to the improved partitioning of dry matter into reproductive growth rather than vegetative growth. However, this strategy can only be taken so far before the amount of photosynthesizing leaf area becomes the limiting factor. Therefore, improved plant photosynthesis coupled with good dry matter partitioning could lead to additional yield improvements. Research has identified both genetic and environmental variations in the rate of cotton photosynthesis. Superior leaf photosynthetic performance has been exhibited by okra and super-okra leaf types compared to the normal leaf types. Photosynthetic variation has also been identified within the normal leaf type pool of germplasm. However, geneticists have generally not targeted this trait for genetic improvement in cotton. In addition, leaf tissue concentration of the three major plant nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus) need to be maintained at sufficient levels for optimum photosynthesis. Under deficient soil fertility conditions, supplemental fertilization can increase overall growth due to both increased leaf area production and increased photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. Both excessive and deficient soil moisture conditions can depress the photosynthetic performance of the plant and its corresponding growth. Similarly, an optimum temperature range exists, above and below which the photosynthesis is negatively impacted. This knowledge of variation in both genetic and environmental influences on photosynthesis offers hope of improved photosynthetic performance through either a concerted genetic selection or modified production systems that minimize exposure to some of the rate-limiting environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 127 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374107-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 94 BP 209 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(06)94005-X PG 28 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BGG13 UT WOS:000246634600005 ER PT S AU Stuthman, DD Leonard, KJ Miller-Garvin, J AF Stuthman, D. D. Leonard, K. J. Miller-Garvin, J. BE Sparks, DL TI Breeding crops for durable resistance to disease SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 95 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; STEM RUST RESISTANCE; LEAF RUST; LATE BLIGHT; RECURRENT SELECTION; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; POPULATION-GENETICS; GENERAL RESISTANCE; MAIZE POPULATIONS; FUNGAL DISEASES AB Durable resistance to disease is a common component of plant defense systems in natural ecosystems and can be found in virtually all cultivated species. Agricultural production practices increase crop vulnerability to most diseases, so higher levels of resistance than occur in natural ecosystems may be needed. Monogenic resistance to highly specialized pathogens is often highly effective when first developed but is generally race-specific and nondurable, especially when characterized by hypersensitive host reactions. Partial resistance conditioned by several to many genes with additive effects is usually durable, particularly when it involves morphological or developmental changes in the plant. Exceptions to the general rule of nondurable monogenic resistance and durable polygenic resistance are presented. Recurrent selection is commonly used to develop cultivars with durable resistance, but durable resistance has also been achieved through pedigree breeding in small grains. Success in accumulating polygenic durable resistance to multiple diseases of maize and to leaf rust and stripe rust of wheat are described as the mixed record of success in breeding for late blight resistance in potato. The mlo gene for resistance to powdery mildew in barley offers an intriguing case of highly effective monogenic resistance that appears to be durable. Modern molecular genetic approaches offer promise not only for marker-assisted selection of partial resistance genes but also for creation of novel forms of resistance to plant diseases. Nevertheless, traditional breeding and field tests will still have an essential role in developing commercial cultivars. (c) 2007, Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Stuthman, DD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 133 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374165-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 95 BP 319 EP 367 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(07)95004-X PG 49 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BGR86 UT WOS:000250173300004 ER PT B AU Martinez, FS Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ AF Martinez, F. San Jose Pachepsky, Y. A. Rawls, W. J. BE Sabatier, J Agrawal, OP Machado, JAT TI Fractional advective-dispersive equation as a model of solute transport in porous media SO ADVANCES IN FRACTIONAL CALCULUS: THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Fractional Derivatives and Their Applications (FDTAs CY SEP, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME DETC DE fractional derivative; fractional advective-dispersive equation; solute transport; water quality; porous Media ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS; TIME RANDOM-WALKS; SOIL COLUMNS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB Understanding and modeling transport of solutes in porous media is a critical issue in the environmental protection. The common model is the advective-dispersive equation (ADE) describing the superposition of the advective transport and the Brownian motion in water-filled pore space. Deviations from the advective-dispersive transport have been documented,and attributed to the physical heterogeneity of natural porous media. It has been suggested that the solute transport can be modeled better assuming that the random movement of solute is the Levy motion rather than the Brownian motion. The corresponding fractional advective-dispersive equation (FADE) was derived using fractional derivatives to describe the solute dispersion. We present and discuss an example of fitting the FADE numerical solutions to the data on chloride transport in columns of structured clay soil. The constant concentration boundary condition introduced a substantial mass balance error then the solute flux boundary condition was used. The FADE was a much better model compared to the ADE to simulate chloride transport in soil at low flow velocities. C1 [Martinez, F. San Jose] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSIA, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Avd Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Martinez, F. San Jose; Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, BA ANRI EMSL, Enviornm Microbial Saftely Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rawls, W. J.] USDA ARS, BA ANRI RSL, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martinez, FS (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSIA, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Avd Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM f.sanjose@upm.es; ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov; wrawls@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Tenreiro Machado, J. A./M-2173-2013; OI Tenreiro Machado, J. A./0000-0003-4274-4879; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain); Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica [AGL200404079 AGR] FX Fernando San Jose Martinez was supported in part by a grant of Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain) and the Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+I) under ref. AGL200404079 AGR.Spain. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6041-0 PY 2007 BP 199 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6042-7_14 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BGW64 UT WOS:000250957200014 ER PT B AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, Curtiss D. BE Xu, F Goldbach, HE Brown, PH Bell, RW Fujiwara, T Hunt, CD Goldberg, S TI Dietary boron: Evidence for essentiality and homeostatic control in humans and animals SO Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Forum on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals CY JUN 03, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc ID ALPHA-LYTIC PROTEASE; BORIC-ACID; MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; B-11 NMR; IN-VITRO; BORATE C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5381-8 PY 2007 BP 251 EP 267 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5382-5_25 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Agriculture GA BGR02 UT WOS:000249891600025 ER PT B AU Nielsen, FH Stoecker, BJ Penland, JG AF Nielsen, Forrest H. Stoecker, Barbara J. Penland, James G. BE Xu, F Goldbach, HE Brown, PH Bell, RW Fujiwara, T Hunt, CD Goldberg, S TI Boron as a dietary factor for bone microarchitecture and central nervous system function SO ADVANCES IN PLANT AND ANIMAL BORON NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Forum on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals CY JUN 03, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Endocrine Soc ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; FISH-OIL; RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; BRAIN; DEFICIENCY; FAT; OVARIECTOMY; ESTROGEN; RECOVERY C1 [Nielsen, Forrest H.; Penland, James G.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Stoecker, Barbara J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Nutrit Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5381-8 PY 2007 BP 277 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5382-5_27 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Soil Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Agriculture GA BGR02 UT WOS:000249891600027 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Carey, AN AF Rabin, B. M. Joseph, J. A. Shukitt-Hale, B. Carey, A. N. TI Dietary modulation of the effects of exposure to Fe-56 particles SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diet; antioxidant; tumorigenesis; iron-56; survival ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPACE RADIATION; COSMIC-RAYS; SUPPLEMENTATION; CANCER; AGE; DISRUPTION; STRAWBERRY AB On exploratory missions to other planets, astronauts will be exposed to galactic cosmic rays composed of protons and heavy particles, such as Fe-56. Long-term exposure to these particles can cause cancer. However, there are significant uncertainties in the risk estimates for the probability of developing heavy particle-induced cancer, and in the amount of shielding needed to provide an adequate level of radiation protection. The results of this preliminary study, using a ground-based model for exposure to cosmic rays, show reduced tumorigenesis in rats maintained on diets containing blueberry or strawberry extract prior to exposure to Fe-56 particles. Because the study was not initially designed to evaluate tumorigenesis following exposure to Fe-56 particles, additional research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of strawberry and blueberry supplementation. However, the preliminary results presented in this study suggest that diets containing antioxidant phytochemicals can provide additional radiation protection on interplanetary voyages. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rabin, B. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Joseph, J. A.; Shukitt-Hale, B.; Carey, A. N.] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 576 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.029 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OQ UT WOS:000253589500018 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Carrihill-Knoll, KL Carey, AN Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Foster, BC AF Rabin, Bernard M. Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L. Carey, Amanda N. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. Foster, Brian C. TI Elevated plus-maze performance of Fischer-344 rats as a function of age and of exposure to Fe-56 particles SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anxiety; aging; Fe-56 particles; elevated plus-maze ID ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS; ANIMAL-MODELS; WISTAR RATS; DEFICITS; RADIATION; IRRADIATION; SPACE; SYSTEMS AB The aging process is characterized by a series of changes in neurochemical functioning and in motor and cognitive performance. In addition to changes in cognitive/behavioral performance, aged rats also show an increase in baseline anxiety measured using the elevated plus-maze. Exposure to Fe-56 particles, a component of cosmic rays, produces neurochemical and behavioral changes in young animals which are characteristic of aged organisms. The present study was designed to determine the relationships between aging and exposure to Fe-56 particles on anxiety. Fischer-344 (F-344), which were 2, 7, 12, and 16 months of age at the time of irradiation, were exposed to Fe-56 particles (50-200 cGy). Concordant with previous results, the oldest rats spent less time exploring the open arms of the maze. Exposure to Fe-56 particles also produced decreased exploration of the open arms of the plus-maze. The dose needed to produce increased levels of anxiety was a function of age at the time of irradiation. The dose of Fe-56 particles needed to produce a decrease in open arm exploration was significantly lower in the rats that were irradiated at 7 and 12 months of age than in the rats irradiated at 2 months of age. These results suggest the possibility that exposing middle-aged astronauts to cosmic rays during exploratory class missions outside the magnetosphere, and the resultant effects on exploration-induced anxiety, may affect their ability to successfully complete mission requirements. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rabin, Bernard M.; Carrihill-Knoll, Kirsty L.; Foster, Brian C.] UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Carey, Amanda N.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 981 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.013 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OF UT WOS:000253588400001 ER PT J AU Carey, AN Shukitt-Hale, B Rabin, BM Joseph, JA AF Carey, Amanda N. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Rabin, Bernard M. Joseph, James A. TI Interaction between age and exposure to Fe-56 particles on behavior and neurochemistry SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cognition; aging; radiation; iron ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; SPATIAL MEMORY; FREE-RADICALS; COSMIC-RAYS; WATER-MAZE; RATS; IRRADIATION; DEFICITS AB Previous research has shown that exposure to HZE particles, which will be encountered on long-term space missions, can adversely affect the ability of rats to perform a variety of behavioral tasks. This outcome has implications for an astronaut's ability to successfully complete requirements associated with these missions. It has also been found that irradiation can lead to increases in oxidative stress, similar to that seen in the aging brain. Given that astronauts are often middle-aged or older it is important to determine if their age puts them at higher risk for the potentially hazardous effects of exposure to HZE particles. Therefore, we exposed young and old rats to either 1 or 2Gy of Fe-56 irradiation and evaluated performance in a spatial learning and memory task, in addition to examining levels of dopamine (DA) release from superfused striatal slices. Results indicated that exposure to 56Fe particles can produce alterations in behavior and neuronal signaling and that these alterations may be more apparent in older organisms, a finding which suggests that the aging brain may be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of irradiation on performance. Therefore, age may be a factor for consideration in planning long-term missions into space. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Carey, Amanda N.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rabin, Bernard M.] UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, 7111 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.hale@tufts.edu NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.012 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OF UT WOS:000253588400002 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G Carey, AN Rabin, BM Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Casadesus, Gemma Carey, Amanda N. Rabin, Bernard M. Joseph, James A. TI Exposure to Fe-56 irradiation accelerates normal brain aging and produces deficits in spatial learning and memory SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cognitive; oxidative stress; inflammation; antioxidants; countermeasures; Morris water maze ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; WATER-MAZE; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; FREE-RADICALS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; OBJECT EXPLORATION; FISCHER-344 RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SHORT-TERM AB Previous studies have shown that radiation exposure, particularly to particles of high energy and charge (HZE particles) such as Fe-56, produces deficits in spatial learning and memory. These adverse behavioral effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. It is possible that these shared effects may be produced by the same mechanism. For example, an increased release of reactive oxygen species, and the subsequent oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused to the central nervous system, is likely responsible for the deficits seen in aging and following irradiation. Therefore, dietary antioxidants, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, could be used as countermeasures to prevent the behavioral changes seen in these conditions. Both aged and irradiated rats display cognitive impairment in tests of spatial learning and memory such as the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze. These rats have decrements in the ability to build spatial representations of the environment, and they utilize non-spatial strategies to solve tasks. Furthermore, they show a lack of spatial preference, due to a decline in the ability to process or retain place (position of a goal with reference to a "map" provided by the configuration of numerous cues in the environment) information. These declines in spatial memory occur in measures dependent on both reference and working memory, and in the flexibility to reset mental images. These results show that irradiation with 56 Fe high-energy particles produces age-like decrements in cognitive behavior that may impair the ability of astronauts, particularly middle-aged ones, to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Carey, Amanda N.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Casadesus, Gemma] Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Rabin, Bernard M.] UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.hale@tufts.edu NR 60 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.005 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OF UT WOS:000253588400016 ER PT S AU Chen, YP Siede, R AF Chen, Yan Pins Siede, Reinhold BE Maramorosch, K Shatkin, AJ Murphy, FA TI Honey bee viruses SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 70 SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; MITE VARROA-JACOBSONI; ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; AGGRESSIVE WORKER HONEYBEES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HAIRLESS-BLACK SYNDROME; RIBOSOME ENTRY SITES AB Viruses are significant threats to the health and well-being of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. To alleviate the threats posed by these invasive organisms, a better understanding of bee viral infections will be of crucial importance in developing effective and environmentally benign disease control strategies. Although knowledge of honey bee viruses has been accumulated considerably in the past three decades, a comprehensive review to compile the various aspects of bee viruses at the molecular level has not been reported. This chapter summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the morphology, genome organization, transmission, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of honey bee viruses as well as their interactions with their honey bee hosts. The future prospects of research of honey bee viruses are also discussed in detail. The chapter has been designed to provide researchers in the field with updated information about honey bee viruses and to serve as a starting point for future research. C1 USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bieneninst Kirchhain, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft, D-35274 Kirchhain, Germany. Univ Giessen, Inst Virol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 176 TC 171 Z9 191 U1 41 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 978-0-12-373728-1 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2007 VL 70 BP 33 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(07)70002-7 PG 48 WC Virology SC Virology GA BGQ78 UT WOS:000249814800002 PM 17765703 ER PT J AU Willcox, M Falquet, J Ferreira, JFS Gilbert, B Hsu, E de Magalhaes, PM Plaizier-Vercammen, J Sharma, VP Wright, CW Yaode, W AF Willcox, Merlin Falquet, Jacques Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Gilbert, Ben Hsu, Elisabeth de Magalhaes, Pedro Melillo Plaizier-Vercammen, J. Sharma, V. P. Wright, Colin W. Yaode, Wan CA RITAM Artemisia Annua Task Force TI Artemisia annua as a herbal tea for malaria SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES LA English DT Letter ID L. ANNUAL WORMWOOD; TRADITIONAL PREPARATION C1 [Falquet, Jacques] Antenna Technol, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Gilbert, Ben] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Technol Farmacos, BR-21041250 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hsu, Elisabeth] Univ Oxford, Inst Social & Cultural Anthropol, Oxford, England. [de Magalhaes, Pedro Melillo] CPQBA UNICAMP, Div Agrotecnol, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Plaizier-Vercammen, J.] Vrije Univ Brussels, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. [Wright, Colin W.] Univ Bradford, Sch Pharm, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. [Yaode, Wan] Sichuan Inst Chinese Mat Med, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Willcox, M (reprint author), 36 Hare Close, Buckingham MK18 7EW, England. EM merlinwillcox@doctors.org.uk; jfalquet@antenna.ch; jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov; gilbert@far.fiocruz.br; elisabeth.hsu@anthropology.oxford.ac.uk; pedro@cpqba.unicamp.br; jplaizie@vub.ac.be; vinodpsharma@gmail.com; C.W.Wright@Bradford.ac; annie223@163.com OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AFRICAN NETWORKS ETHNOMEDICINES PI ILE-IFE PA OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIV,CLEMENT O ADEWUNMI, DRUG RES PROD UNIT, FAC PHARMACY, ILE-IFE, 00000, NIGERIA SN 0189-6016 J9 AFR J TRADIT COMPLEM JI Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Alt. M. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 121 EP 123 PG 3 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 295AL UT WOS:000255447300017 ER PT J AU Wilson, WW Dahl, BL Jabs, E AF Wilson, William W. Dahl, Bruce L. Jabs, Eric TI Optimal supplier testing and tolerance strategies for genetically modified (GM) wheat SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE segregation; testing; tolerance; genetically modified; wheat; risk premium ID COSTS; RISKS AB A stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies, costs, and risks for dual marketing of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM wheat in an export supply chain. The optimal testing strategy is derived that minimizes disutility of additional system costs due to testing and quality loss. Cost components were estimated including those related to testing, quality loss, and a risk premium to induce shippers to undertake dual marketing as opposed to handling only non-GM crops. Uncertainties were incorporated for adventitious presence and commingling, variety declaration, and test accuracy. Sensitivities were performed for effects of variety risks and declaration, penalty differentials, buyer tolerances, risk aversion, and GM adoption. Results indicate testing and segregation can be performed at a relatively low cost and risk to buyers. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agribusiness & Appl Econ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Market Anal & Stand Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wilson, WW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agribusiness & Appl Econ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM bwilson@ndsuext.nodak.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00175.x PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 130HJ UT WOS:000243790400004 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Ochsner, TE Venterea, RT Griffis, TJ AF Baker, John M. Ochsner, Tyson E. Venterea, Rodney T. Griffis, Timothy J. TI Tillage and soil carbon sequestration - What do we really know? SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon sequestration; tillage; organic matter; sampling depth ID LONG-TERM; NO-TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ROOT-GROWTH; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN CONTENTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; CORN AB It is widely believed that soil disturbance by tillage was a primary cause of the historical loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) in North America, and that substantial SOC sequestration can be accomplished by changing from conventional plowing to less intensive methods known as conservation tillage. This is based on experiments where changes in carbon storage have been estimated through soil sampling of tillage trials. However, sampling protocol may have biased the results. In essentially all cases where conservation tillage was found to sequester C, soils were only sampled to a depth of 30 cm or less, even though crop roots often extend much deeper. In the few studies where sampling extended deeper than 30 cm, conservation tillage has shown no consistent accrual of SOC, instead showing a difference in the distribution of SOC, with higher concentrations near the surface in conservation tillage and higher concentrations in deeper layers under conventional tillage. These contrasting results may be due to tillage-induced differences in thermal and physical conditions that affect root growth and distribution. Long-term, continuous gas exchange measurements have also been unable to detect C gain due to reduced tillage. Though there are other good reasons to use conservation tillage, evidence that it promotes C sequestration is not compelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 454 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jbaker@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 40 TC 492 Z9 523 U1 17 U2 216 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.014 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127TS UT WOS:000243609800001 ER PT J AU Shimono, H Okada, M Yamakawa, Y Nakamura, H Kobayashi, K Hasegawa, T AF Shimono, Hiroyuki Okada, Masumi Yamakawa, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Hirofumi Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Hasegawa, Toshihiro TI Lodging in rice can be alleviated by atmospheric CO2 enrichment SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); lodging; modeling; nitrogen fertilization; rice ID LOWER INTERNODES; PADDY RICE; YIELD; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; CANOPY; GROWTH; CARBON AB The projected increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] is expected to increase yield of agricultural C-3 crops, but little is known about effects of [CO2] on lodging that can reduce yield. This study examined the interaction between [CO2] and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the lodging of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems installed in paddy fields at Shizukuishi, Iwate, Japan (39 degrees 38'N, 140 degrees 57'E). Rice plants were grown under two levels of [CO2] (ambient = 365 mu mol mol(-1); elevated [CO2] = 548 mu mol mol(-1)) and three N fertilization regimes: a single initial basal application of controlled-release urea (8 g N m(-2), CRN), split fertilization with a standard amount of ammonium sulfate (9 g N m(-2), MN), and ample N (15 g N m(-2), HN). Lodging score (six ranks at 18' intervals, with larger scores indicating greater bending), yield, and yield components were measured at maturity. The lodging score was significantly higher under HN than under CRN and MN, but lodging was alleviated by elevated [CO2] under HN. This alleviation was associated with the shortened and thickened lower internodes, but was not associated with a change in the plant's mass moment around the culm base. A positively significant correlation between lodging score and ripening percentage indicated that ripening percentage decreased by 4.5% per one-unit increase in lodging score. These findings will be useful to develop functional algorithm that can be incorporated into mechanistic crop models to predict rice production more accurately in a changing climate and with different cultural practices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg, CO2 & Temp Res Lab, Shimokuriyagawa, Iwate 0200198, Japan. Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo 1028577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Agr Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Dept Global Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. RP Shimono, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Res Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shimn@affrc.go.jp NR 21 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.015 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127TS UT WOS:000243609800021 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE crop diversity; rotation design; no-till; United States ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREEN FOXTAIL; MANAGEMENT; HERBICIDE; DYNAMICS; SOIL; STRATEGIES AB Scientists have theorized that weed management would be more efficient if prevention tactics were integrated with control tactics. The goals of prevention are to reduce weed community density and improve crop tolerance to weeds. Here we describe the impact of this approach in the semiarid steppe of the United States. As a result, producers have reduced herbicide inputs and costs by 50% compared to conventional practices. Critical factors for success with this approach are rotation design and no-till practices. Rotations comprised of two cool-season crops followed by two warm-season crops are the most disruptive of weed population growth. The impact of rotation design on weed community density is enhanced by no-till. Crop tolerance to weeds is improved by systems of cultural tactics. The tolerance is greatest when three tactics are combined together. This dualistic approach of prevention and control effectively controls weeds with four-crop rotations such that herbicides are not needed in some crops of the rotation. Weed density is so low that crop yield is not affected by weed interference. With this approach, herbicides are a choice rather than a requirement for cropping success in the semiarid steppe of the United States. C1 USDA, Brookings, SD USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1051/agro:2006027 PG 6 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 157TI UT WOS:000245743500002 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Delgado, JA Alva, AK Follett, RE AF Collins, H. P. Delgado, J. A. Alva, A. K. Follett, R. E. TI Use of nitrogen-15 isotopic techniques to estimate nitrogen cycling from a mustard cover crop to potatoes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; SANDY SOIL; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; NITRATE; RECOVERY; CORN; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; CHLORIDE; BALANCE AB Farmers in the Pacific Northwest are using cover crops such as white and brown mustards (Brassica hirta) in rotation with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) because it reduces potential wind erosion and serves as a biocontrol method for a number of plant pathogens. However, there is no information about the N cycling from the mustard cover crop to potato. We used a N-15 isotopic crop residue exchange technique to assess this N cycling potential in situ. We conducted two N-15 field studies from 2001 to 2004 in the Columbia Basin in eastern Washington on a Quincy sandy (Xeric Torripsamments) soil containing 4 g kg(-1) soil organic matter under center pivot sprinkler irrigation to assess the fate and N cycling from a mustard cover crop to potato. The established rotation at the site was a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-sweet corn (Zea mayes L.)-sweet corn-potato rotation. The aboveground mustard cover crop recovered 34 to 51% of the 56 kg N-15 fertilizer applied. The total aboveground biomass and N uptake by the cover crop ranged from 4.6 to 7.5 Mg ha(-1) and 92 to 142 kg N ha(-1), respectively. About 29% of the N in the cover crop was cycled and absorbed by the following potato crop. This study shows that the mustard cover crop can provide 30 to 40 kg N ha(-1) toward the N requirement of a subsequent potato crop. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hcollins@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0357 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800004 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Meisinger, JJ Decker, AM Mulford, FR AF Clark, A. J. Meisinger, J. J. Decker, A. M. Mulford, F. R. TI Effects of a grass-selective herbicide in a vetch-rye cover crop system on nitrogen management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; KILL DATE; LEGUME BICULTURES; SOIL-WATER; RELEASE; MONOCULTURES; MIXTURES; YIELD; TIME AB Cover crop kill date affects N fixation by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), N uptake by cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), residue C/N ratio, and subsequent N availability. Data are needed on spring management of vetch-rye cover crop mixtures, compared to pure stands, to estimate fertilizer nitrogen (FN) equivalents. A 2-yr study evaluated spring management of hairy vetch (HV), pure rye, a vetch-rye mixture, and a no-cover check on N accumulation and subsequent no-till corn N uptake following corn FN rates of 0, 459 90,180, and 270 kg ha(-1). A grass-selective herbicide (GSH) was applied in late March to the pure rye and the vetch-rye mixture, leaving HV to accumulate N until early May. These treatments were compared to the same covers killed in early May. Cover crop N uptake was lowest for rye, intermediate for the mixtures, and highest for HV. The N content in the pure rye and vetch-rye mixture was significantly increased if the previous year's corn had received excess FN. The cover crop mixture produced greater rye growth if fall soil nitrate N was high, while low soil nitrate N resulted in greater yield of HV in the mixture. There was no difference in corn N uptake for the late- vs. early kill pure rye, or of the rye component in the vetch-rye mixture. A vetch-rye mixture functioned like a "dual purpose" cover by conserving fall residual N, producing a lower C/N ratio residue than pure rye, and supplying more N to the succeeding corn than pure rye, although the N supplied was still less than pure vetch. C1 USDA, Sustainable Agr Network, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Sustainable Agr Network, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aclark@sare.org NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800005 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Meisinger, JJ Decker, AM Mulford, FR AF Clark, A. J. Meisinger, J. J. Decker, A. M. Mulford, F. R. TI Effects of a grass-selective herbicide in a vetch-rye cover crop system on corn grain yield and soil moisture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; KILL DATE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; WATER CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; BICULTURES; FERTILIZER; MULCH AB Cover crop spring kill date and species affect spring water use by covers, summer moisture conservation by cover crop residue, and yield of subsequent corn (Zea mays L.). Data are needed on spring management strategies for cover crop mixtures of hairy vetch (HV) (Vicia villosa Roth) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), compared to pure stands, to make accurate corn fertilizer nitrogen (FN) recommendations and to optimize moisture use vs. conservation by cover crop mixtures. A 2-yr study evaluated a grass-selective herbicide (GSH) applied in late March to a pure rye cover and a vetch-rye mixture, allowing the vetch to accumulate N until early May. These treatments were compared to early May-killed pure rye, pure vetch, vetch-rye mixture, and no-cover control. Corn FN rates of 0, 45, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha(-1) were applied in June. Corn grain yield was greater following pure stands of vetch than following any other cover crop treatment, regardless of kill date. The average economic optimum FN rate was about 150 kg N ha(-1) without a cover. With a cover crop and compared to the control, the hairy vetch replaced about 80 kg FN ha(-1), the vetch-rye mixture replaced about 15 kg FN ha(-1), while the pure rye removed an additional 50 kg FN ha(-1). Spring soil moisture (0-20 cm) beneath growing covers was greater than or equal to the no-cover controls throughout the spring and the summer. There was no significant difference in corn FN response for the early kill date of rye with a GSH, compared with the conventional late-kill date. C1 USDA, Sustainable Agr Network, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Rsources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Sustainable Agr Network, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aclark@sare.org NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0362 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800006 ER PT J AU Gibson, LR Nance, CD Karlen, DL AF Gibson, Lance R. Nance, Carasella D. Karlen, Douglas L. TI Winter triticale response to nitrogen fertilization when grown after corn or soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; BEAGLE-82 TRITICALE; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL NITRATE; WHEAT; RYE; ACCUMULATION; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT AB Winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) could be more widely grown as a forage, grain, or cover crop in the US Corn and Soybean Belt, but research needed to establish best management practices is limited. This study was conducted to determine the amount of N fertilizer needed to optimize triticale productivity and to quantify the amount of N taken up following either corn (Zea mays L.) silage or soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. The response of winter triticale grown near Ames and Lewis, IA, to four N fertilization rates (0, 33,66, 99 kg N ha(-1)) applied in mid-March was evaluated for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 growing seasons. Maximum dry matter and grain yields were produced with 33 kg N ha(-1) at Ames and no N fertilization at Lewis. Maximum N concentrations of triticale dry matter were generally produced with 99 kg N ha(-1). Nitrogen uptake by winter triticale was mostly complete by early May and was 39 to 133 kg ha(-1) without N fertilization. Nitrogen uptake increased with each 33 kg ha(-1) increment of additional N fertilizer, totaling 98 to 192 kg ha(-1) for 99 kg N ha(-1). The results of this study suggest forage and grain yields of winter triticale grown after corn silage or soybean in the midwestern USA can be maximized by applying 33 kg ha(-1) N fertilizer. For N rates of 0 to 99 kg ha(-1), winter triticale captured 47 to 82 kg N ha beyond that supplied as fertilizer. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gibson, LR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lgibson@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0195 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800007 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Kohler, KA McDonald, PB AF Singer, Jeremy W. Kohler, Keith A. McDonald, Paul B. TI Self-seeding winter cereal cover crops in soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Soil protection and nutrient scavenging benefits of cover crops have been widely reported. Nevertheless, adoption of cover crops in agronomic farming systems is low. Cover crop systems that do not require annual planting may increase adoption. The objectives of this study were to compare self-seeding and competitiveness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), and rye (Secale cereale L.) using different planting configurations and management options while growing concurrently with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Cover crops were planted with two or four 19-cm rows between each 76-cm soybean row. A no-cover crop check treatment was also included for comparison. Cover crop species and species X management system interactions were not significant for seed production or soybean seed yield. Averaged across management system, cereals produced 10 656 and 4051 seeds m(-2) in 2004 and 2005. The two-row band, no-chop treatment (2RBNC) produced the most seed (20 347 and 14 511 seeds m(-2)) in 2004 and 2005, but also lowered soybean yield the greatest (45 and 40%). The four-row treatment with a late glyphosate band (4RLB) was the least competitive and yielded 3114 and 3717 kg ha(-1) compared to 4019 and 4391 kg ha(-1) in the check. Wheat had the greatest self-seeding, averaging about 31% of the original plant density. The four-row treatment without a glyphosate band (4RNB) could be used in organic production systems, although additional research is needed to develop less competitive self-seeding systems for conventional production systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0032 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800010 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Logsdon, SD Meek, DW AF Singer, Jeremy W. Logsdon, Sally D. Meek, David W. TI Tillage and compost effects on corn growth, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL NITRATE; SYSTEMS; MANURE AB Applying organic amendments to cropland affects corn (Zea mays L.) response to tillage systems differently. Identifying causes of the tillage by amendment interaction could match amendment inputs to responsive tillage systems. The objectives of this research were to determine if shoot dry matter (DM), nutrient uptake, and soil water use could explain the tillage by compost interaction for corn-grain yield. A corn-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]-wheat (Triticum aestivam L.)/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation, in all phases, with or without compost amendment, was initiated in 1998 in plots that had been managed with moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CT), or no-tillage (NT) since 1988. Compost amendment increased corn whole-plant P and K uptake 19 and 21%, averaged across 2 yr. No-tillage increased whole-plant P uptake 1 yr compared to MP and CT (113 vs. 65 kg ha(-1)) and increased grain P concentration (3.1 vs. 1.5 g kg(-1)). Compost provided no benefit (2 yr) or a negative effect (1 yr, 22%) to corn yield in MP. Compost provided no benefit to corn yield in CT. Corn growing in NT derived no benefit (2 yr) or a positive (1 yr, 9%) effect on grain yield from compost amendment. The tillage and compost responses observed in this study cannot be explained by plant N, soil water use, leaf gas exchange, or DM partitioning. Grain yield from soil managed using NT may respond to compost amendment, but reasons for this response remain unclear. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0118 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800011 ER PT J AU Schlossberg, MJ Schmidt, JP AF Schlossberg, Maxim J. Schmidt, John P. TI Influence of nitrogen rate and form on quality of putting greens cohabited by creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS TURF; CALCAREOUS SAND; TISSUE NITROGEN; AMMONIUM; NITRATE; ROOT; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; ASSIMILATION; ABSORPTION AB Of the essential nutrients, N fertility generally influences golf course puffing green (PG) quality and growth rate most significantly. Despite considerable field research on N fertility of PGs, results interpretation and transfer to practice is complicated by various influential factors; including unrepresentative mowing heights and/or frequency, varying irrigation water quality, undeclared composition of mixed swards, withdrawn cultivars, and/or use of temperature-dependent organic fertilizer sources. A 2-yr field study was initiated in 2003 at University Park, PA, to evaluate the influence of soluble N fertilizer source and rate on qualitative and nutritional parameters of a mature, primarily surface-drained, "push-up" PG cohabited by 'Penn A4' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Using an array of soluble N form quotients (NH4-N/NO3-N), split applications of annual N fertilizer rates ranging from 69 to 402 kg ha(-1) were sprayed every 15 +/- 4 d, April to October. Putting green growth, color, N uptake (NUP), and leaf N, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased directly with N rate, while plots receiving N rates in excess of 244 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) demonstrated acceptable PG quality and tissue nutrient concentrations. However, N rates > 244 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) containing > 50% NH4-N significantly enhanced shoot growth, color, NUP, leaf Mn, P, and Mg levels, when compared to equal rates containing >= 50% NO3-N. Frequent fertilization with NH4-N at annual rates > 244 kg ha-1 maximized canopy color and most tissue nutrient levels of a mature creeping bentgrass/annual bluegrass cohabited PG growing on a neutral, fine-textured soil. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schlossberg, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjs38@psu.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0136 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800013 ER PT J AU Kemanian, AR Stockle, CO Huggins, DR AF Kemanian, Armen R. Stockle, Claudio O. Huggins, David R. TI Estimating grain and straw nitrogen concentration in grain crops based on aboveground nitrogen concentration and harvest index SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED SPRING WHEAT; PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION; FERTILIZER-NITROGEN; USE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; BARLEY; HYBRIDS; WATER; SOIL AB Simulating grain (N-g) and straw (N-s) nitrogen (N) concentration is of paramount importance in cropping systems simulation models. In this paper we present a simple model to partition N between grain and straw at harvest for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). The principle of the model is to partition the aboveground N at physiologic maturity based on the relative availability of biomass and N to the grain. The inputs for the model are the harvest index (HI), representing the relative availability of biomass to the grain, and the aboveground N concentration (N-t) at harvest, representing the availability of N. The model has five parameters, of which four (the maximum and minimum achievable grain and straw N concentrations) are readily available; the parameter C requires calibration. The model was calibrated and tested for these four species without differentiating genotypes within species. The testing included diverse experiments in wheat; comparing observed and estimated N, the relative RMSE ranged from 3 to 10% (five experiments) and was 31% in one experiment in which the estimated Ng exceeded consistently the observed values. For barley, maize, and sorghum, the data availability for testing was limited, but the model performed well (relative RMSE values of 7, 7, and 18%, respectively). Therefore, the model proposed seems to be robust. It remains to be determined if the parameters and the method are useful to discriminate genotypic differences in Ng within a species and if the method can be applied to legume crops. C1 Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kemanian, AR (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM armen@brc.tamus.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0090 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800021 ER PT J AU Timlin, D Fleisher, D Kim, SH Reddy, V Baker, J AF Timlin, Dennis Fleisher, David Kim, Soo-Hyung Reddy, Vangimalla Baker, Jeffrey TI Evapotranspiration measurement in controlled environment chambers: A comparison between time domain reflectometry and accumulation of condensate from cooling coils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH CHAMBERS; LEAKAGE RATES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT; TRANSPIRATION; ENRICHMENT; DEPLETION AB The measurement of water fluxes from canopy and soil surfaces is performed in sunlit controlled environment chambers by measuring condensate draining from cooling coils in a constant humidity environment. This provides a direct measure of evapotranspiration (ET). However, in growth chambers with soilbins, this does not give information on soil water status or root activity. The objective of this study was to compare ET measurements from the condensate system with ET calculated from measurements of water content by TDR. Data from an irrigation X carbon dioxide (CO2) study on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were used for this study. The soil water contents in the growth chamber soilbins were monitored once an hour at five vertical depths with three measurement locations per depth using an automated TDR system. The correspondence between daily ET rates for the two systems was good. Maximum daily ET rates were near 6.1 to 7.1 mm cm(-2) d(-1) (7-8 L d(-1) on a chamber basis) and differences were on the order to 0.89 to 1.8 mm cm(-2) d(-1) (1-2 L d(-1)). At the higher daily ET rates, the daily values from the two methods were closer. The correspondence between hourly measurements of ET measured from the condensate system and calculated from TDR water contents was poor due to instrument and soil variability. A significant source of error was vertical variation in water content in the soil between horizontally placed TDR probes, especially during irrigation events. Evapotranspiration estimates from TDR measurements were much more robust for calculation of water use over a period of time. Data from the condensate system were most useful for quantification of diurnal transpiration rates and were better correlated with radiation. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Timlin, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 342 BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dennis.Timlin@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0344 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800022 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE Adeli, A Johnson, JR AF Tewolde, H. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. Adeli, A. Johnson, J. R. TI Lint yield and fiber quality of cotton fertilized with broiler litter SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; NUTRIENT SOURCE; PIMA COTTON; PLANT-PARTS; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; CORN AB Poultry litter is generated in large quantities in the same southeastern U.S. states where cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a dominant field crop, but is rarely used as a primary cotton fertilizer partly because of lack of adequate management recommendations. This research was conducted to determine adequate rates of broiler litter and whether supplementation with inorganic N would be necessary for optimum cotton lint yield and fiber quality. The research was conducted from 2002 to 2004 on two commercial farms representing conventional-till (CT) and no-till (NT) systems. The treatments consisted of an unfertilized control, a farm standard (STD) fertilized with inorganic fertilizers, and broiler litter of 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha(-1) in an incomplete factorial combination with 0, 34, or 67 kg ha(-1) N as urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN). Litter without supplemental UAN-N increased yield by 23 to 110 kg lint ha(-1) for every 1.0 Mg ha(-1) litter under both CT and NT. The often-recommended litter rate of 4.5 Mg ha(-1) was not adequate to increase yield to be equivalent to that of the STD that received 101 to 135 kg ha(-1) as UAN. It was necessary to supplement this or the other litter rates with 34 or 67 kg ha(-1) UAN-N to support yield equal to or greater than the yield of the STD. The most consistently well-performing treatment under both tillage systems in all years was the 4.5 Mg ha(-1) litter supplemented with 67 kg ha(-1) UAN-N. Lint yield was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.83-0.97) with applied total plant-available N (N-TPA) under both systems. Fiber quality, fiber length and micronaire in particular, also responded to N-TPA, but the responses were smaller than lint yield. Liner when adequately supplemented with UAN-N did not adversely affect fiber quality. These results show broiler Utter as much as 4.5 Mg ha(-1) should be supplemented with inorganic N fertilizers when used as a primary cotton fertilizer and when the expected yield is approximate to 1700 kg ha(-1) under CT and approximate to 1500 kg ha(-1) under NT. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Holly Springs, MS 38635 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM htewolde@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0016 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800024 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Jackson-Smith, DB McCrory, DF Saam, H Mariola, M AF Powell, J. M. Jackson-Smith, D. B. McCrory, D. F. Saam, H. Mariola, M. TI Nutrient management behavior on Wisconsin dairy farms SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANURE AB Nutrient management plans for livestock operations should account for rates and timing of manure application to cropland, as well as how manure is integrated with other nutrient sources. Little is known, however, about actual nutrient management behavior of farmers, and what changes may be needed for farmers to adhere to nutrient management regulations. Detailed records were kept on fertilizer, manure, and legume N and P applications on 33 representative Wisconsin dairy farms during the period October 2003 through September 2004. Average available N applications ranged from 118 to 200 kg ha(-1) of which 40% was derived from fertilizer, 30% from manure and 30% from previous legume. On a regional basis, the following percentages of corn (Zea mays L.) area fell within available N application categories of 0, 1 to 80, 81 to 160, 161 to 240 and > 240 kg ha(-1), respectively: in the Northeast (NE) region, < 1, 26, 33, 21, and 19% of the total corn area surveyed (504 ha); in the South-Central (SC) region, < 1, 39, 41, 14, and 5% of the corn area (576 ha); and in the Southwest (SW) region, 0, 31, 45, 14, and 10% of the corn area (180 ha). Average available P applications ranged from 16 to 18 kg ha(-1), of which 65% came from manure and 35% from fertilizer. On a regional basis, the following percentages of surveyed cropland area fell within available P application categories of 0, 1 to 24, 25 to 48, 49 to 72 and > 72 kg ha(-1), respectively: in the NE region, 30, 50, 15, 4, and 1% of the cropland area (1340 ha); in the SC region, 23, 54, 17, 5, and 1% of the cropland area (1168 ha); and in the SW region, 41, 48, 8, 1, and 2% of the cropland area (542 ha). Of the total cropland area (ha) across all regions that received manure during winter, 7 to 25% were within regulated surface water buffer zones. In the NE, SC, and SW regions, 100, 83, and 63% of winter-spread cropland area received available P application rates < 24 kg ha(-1), the 1-yr crop P replacement ceiling set by State regulations. Regional differences in nutrient management behavior due to topography, soils and other factors should be used to better target efforts aimed at improving fertilizer-manure-legume management on Wisconsin dairy farms. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social Work & Anthropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ohio State Univ, Rural Sociol Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmpowel2@wisc.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0116 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800027 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JP Hong, N Dellinger, A Beegle, DB Lin, H AF Schmidt, John P. Hong, Nan Dellinger, Adam Beegle, Doug B. Lin, Henry TI Hillslope variability in corn response to nitrogen linked to in-season soil moisture redistribution SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD RESPONSE; FERTILIZER; RECOMMENDATIONS; STRESS; GROWTH AB Spatial variability of corn (Zea mays L.) yield within a field is often identified as the primary criterion to justify site-specific nitrogen (N) management; yet, observed yield variability may be unrelated to N supply. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatial variability in economic optimum N rate (EONR) for corn. Ten plot locations were selected in 2005 along a 300-m toposequence of a field in central Pennsylvania. At each location, two replications of six N treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha(-1)) were broadcast applied at planting as NH4NO3. Soil water content (0- to 90-cm depth) was recorded approximately weekly at each location between 5 June and 2 September. The quadratic-plateau response was selected as the most appropriate grain yield response function for 9 of 10 locations and for the field-mean response. The EONR ranged from 47 to 188 kg N ha(-1) among the nine locations, whereas EONR for the mean response was 137 kg N ha(-1). At four of nine locations, observed EONR deviated from field-mean EONR by 40 to 50 kg N ha(-1). The relationship between EONR and the change in soil profile water content (0-90 cm) between 30 June and 25 July (representing the driest and wettest soil conditions early in the growing season) was the defining relationship in this study (r(2) = 0.92; P > F < 0.0001). Successful site-specific N management depends on an evaluation of the spatial variability in EONR and the corresponding causal factors. C1 USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schmidt, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM john.schmidt@ars.usda.gov RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0187 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800029 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Pinter, PJ AF Sauer, Thomas J. Pinter, Paul J., Jr. TI Introduction to the symposium "Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems" SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON; BUDGET; FLUX C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, US Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0001S PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800030 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Norman, JM AF Anderson, Martha C. Kustas, William P. Norman, John M. TI Upscaling flux observations from local to continental scales using thermal remote sensing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; FLEVOLAND FIELD EXPERIMENT; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACE; 2-SOURCE MODEL; LARGE-APERTURE; WATER-VAPOR; VEGETATION; AIRCRAFT AB A number of recent intensive and extended field campaigns have been devoted to the collection of land-surface fluxes from a variety of platforms, with the purpose of inferring the long-term C, water, and energy budgets across large areas (watershed, continental, or global scales). One approach to flux upscaling is to use land-atmosphere transfer schemes (LATS) linked to remotely sensed boundary conditions as an intermediary between the sensor footprint and regional scales. In this capacity, we examined the utility of a multiscale LATS framework that uses thermal, visible and near infrared remote sensing imagery from multiple satellites to partition surface temperature and fluxes between the soil and canopy. We conducted exercises using tower and aircraft flux data collected at three experiment sites in Oklahoma and Iowa, each with a different configuration of instrumentation. Combined, the two flux-monitoring systems were found to be complementary: the towers provided high-spatial-resolution, time-continuous validation at discrete points within the modeling domain, while with the aircraft data it could be confirmed that the model was reproducing broad spatial patterns observed at specific moments in time. High-resolution flux maps created with the LATS allowed evaluation of differences in footprint associated with turbulent, radiative, and conductive flux sensors, which may be contributing to energy budget closure problems observed with eddy correlation systems. The ability to map fluxes at multiple resolutions (1 m-10 km) with a common model framework is beneficial in providing spatial context to an experiment by bracketing the scale of interest. Multiscale flux maps can also assist in the experimental design stage, in a priori assessments of sensor representativeness in complex landscapes. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM manderson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 70 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0096S PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800031 ER PT J AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Archuleta, J Hipps, L Neale, CMU Prueger, JH AF Cooper, D. I. Eichinger, W. E. Archuleta, J. Hipps, L. Neale, C. M. U. Prueger, J. H. TI An advanced method for deriving latent energy flux from a scanning Raman lidar SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; EDDY-COVARIANCE; LENGTH-SCALES; TURBULENCE; STATISTICS; CANOPIES AB One of the fundamental issues with lidar-derived evapotranspiration estimates is its reliance on tower-based measurements of Monin-Obukhov similarity variables, specifically the Obukhov length (L) and the friction velocity (u(*)). Our study indicates that L can be derived in the atmospheric surface layer directly from lidar range-height scans by estimating the integral length scale (ILS). Data from both three-dimensional sonic anemometers mounted on towers and lidar data collected during two subsequent field experiments were analyzed using autocorrelation analysis to estimate the ILS. The ILS values were then transformed into L values using a power-law similarity model and were compared to coincident tower-based observations. The comparisons between tower-based eddy covariance sensors and lidar data show that the lidar-derived L values are within the expected uncertainty and variability of standard point sensor measured observations. An additional model for estimating the friction velocity from the Obukhov length was also derived, and both L and u(*) were used to calculate the latent energy flux from lidar without external measurements. The evaporative fluxes from the standard method and the new advanced method were compared with eddy covariance fluxes, and it was found that the advanced method is superior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcooper@lanl.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0110s PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800033 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Kustas, WR AF Hatfield, J. L. Prueger, J. H. Kustas, W. R. TI Spatial and temporal variation of energy and carbon fluxes in central Iowa SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID SOIL-MOISTURE; EDDY COVARIANCE; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; BALANCE; SMACEX AB Energy balance and CO2 exchange of agricultural crops has been investigated through limited field studies because of the expense of the monitoring equipment and availability of fields to place equipment. Quantifying the spatial and temporal variation in the energy balance and CO2 dynamics over crop canopies will improve regional-scale estimates of water and C fluxes. A study was conducted in central Iowa during 2002 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment to evaluate soil moisture energy exchange across an intensive corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production area near Ames, IA (lat. 41.98380985, long. -93.75497316). Surface energy balance and CO2 flux stations were placed in 12 corn and soybean fields across different soils and landscapes in and around the Walnut Creek watershed. Variability among fields was induced by three factors. Within a day, variations among fields were due to the presence of cumulus cloud formation in the afternoon. Short-term differences across days among the fields were due to variation in the spatial pattern of rainfall events causing differential drying. Throughout the season, differences among fields were due to soil water availability, which affected crop growth and ground cover. Differences in early season ground cover were correlated with energy balance (r = 0.80). During the growing season, latent heat and CO2 uptake were closely related (r = 0.85). Characterization of the spatial distribution of energy balance and CO2 uptake in an intensive cropping region provides guidance on the confidence that can be placed in interpreting single-site measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hatfield@nstl.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0116S PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800034 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Ochsner, TE Horton, R AF Sauer, Thomas J. Ochsner, Tyson E. Horton, Robert TI Soil heat flux plates: Heat flow distortion and thermal contact resistance SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID PACKED-BED; CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE; METERS AB Persistent concern regarding surface energy balance closure encourages increased scrutiny of potential sources of error. Laboratory and field experiments addressed heat flow distortion and thermal contact resistance errors during measurement of soil heat flux (G) using the flux plate technique. Steady-state, one-dimensional heat flow experiments determined flux plate thermal conductivities (lambda(m)) and measured the effect of air gaps and thermal heat sink coatings on plate performance. Use of measured instead of manufacturer-specified lambda(m) and plate dimensions in a heat flow distortion correction improved the consistency but not the average disagreement between imposed sand G and corrected plate heat flux density (G(m)). Consistent underestimates of G in dry sand by 20 to 25% after heat flow distortion correction was attributed to thermal contact resistance effects. A convex air gap 0.1 to 1.32 mm thick across 5.9% of the plate face area reduced G(m) by up to 9.7%. A thin layer of a thermal heat sink compound with lambda 0.18 W m(-1) K-1 greater than the plate lambda(m) (1.0 W m(-1) K-1) did not increase G(m) in a clay soil but increased G(m) by similar to 6% in quartz sand. A 6.5% increase in G(m) was also observed for plates treated with the same heat sink compound in a silt loam soil under field conditions. Thermal contact resistance errors are probably < 10% in moist, medium-textured soils and can be minimized by careful plate installation. Relatively greater errors in G(m) may occur due to thermal contact resistance in dry sand and due to heat flow distortion when soil lambda >> lambda(m). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0038s PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800036 ER PT J AU Ochsner, TE Sauer, TJ Horton, R AF Ochsner, Tyson E. Sauer, Thomas J. Horton, Robert TI Soil heat storage measurements in energy balance studies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID TROPICAL FOREST; FLUX; SURFACE; WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; GRASSLAND; CLOSURE; PRAIRIE; VAPOR AB Energy balance studies require knowledge of the heat flux at the soil surface. This flux is determined by summing the heat flux at a reference depth (z(r)) some centimeters below the surface and the rate of change of heat storage in the soil above z(r). The rate of change of heat storage, or heat storage for short (Delta S), is calculated from soil volumetric heat capacity (C) and temperature. The objectives of this study were to determine how choices regarding z(r), C measurements, and Delta S calculations all affect the accuracy of Delta S data. Heat transfer theory and data from three field sites were used toward these ends. In some studies, shallow reference depths have been used and Delta S neglected. Our results indicate that when z(r) is sufficiently deep to permit accurate heat flux measurements, Delta S is too large to neglect. Three methods for determining C were evaluated: soil sampling, the Theta-Probe soil moisture sensor, and heat pulse sensors. When C was determined using all three methods simultaneously, the estimates agreed to within 6% on average; however, the temporal variability of C was best recorded with the automated heat pulse sensors. Three approaches for calculating Delta S were also tested. The common approach of letting C vary in time but neglecting its time derivative caused errors when soil water content was changing. These errors exceeded 200 W m(-2) in some cases. The simple approach of assuming a constant C performed similarly. We introduce a third approach that accounts for the time derivative of C and yields the most accurate Delta S data. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ochsner, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ochsner@umn.edu NR 30 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0103S PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800037 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Weaver, MA Boyette, CD AF Hoagland, R. E. Weaver, M. A. Boyette, C. D. TI Myrothecium verrucaria fungus: A bioherbicide and strategies to reduce its non-target risks SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; biological weed control; mycotoxin; Myrothecium verrucaria; trichothecenes ID KUDZU PUERARIA-LOBATA; MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; GENE-CLUSTER; RORIDUM; ISOLATE; STERIGMATOCYSTIN AB Studies were conducted on a fungi Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) strain, originally isolated from sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.), that exhibits bioherbicidal activity against kudzu [Pueraria lobala (Willd.) Ohwi] and several other weeds. Treatments of MV plus the surfactant Silwet L-77 caused 100 % mortality or control to kudzu seedlings under greenhouse conditions, and 90 % to 100 % control of older kudzu plants in naturally-infested and experimental kudzu plots, respectively. MV caused greater reductions of kudzu plant biomass production at 30 degrees C, compared to 20 degrees C or 40 degrees C, when tested in environmental chamber experiments. Responses of various non-target, young, woody plant species from several plant families to MV applications ranged from non-susceptible to moderately susceptible. Bioassays of MV on seed germination and early growth of sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) and hemp sesbania [Sesbania exallata (Raf.) Rybdb. Ex A.W. Hill] demonstrated that hemp sesbania was more sensitive than sicklepod to the fungus. Although MV possesses desirable bioherbicidal traits such as high virulence and the ability to control several species of weeds, this isolate also produces undesirable mycotoxins, i.e., trichothecenes. Research data are presented, as well as some discussion of future approaches to possibly reduce or eliminate these mycotoxins to develop a safe and efficacious bioherbicide. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rhoagland@msastoneville.org OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 179 EP 191 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 146LU UT WOS:000244936700015 ER PT B AU Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Park, YB Rosecrance, RC AF Teasdale, John R. Abdul-Baki, Aref A. Park, Yong Bong Rosecrance, Richard C. BE Fujii, Y Hiradate, S TI The potential for allelopathy during decomposition of hairy vetch residue SO Allelopathy: New Concepts and Methodology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Allelopathy CY 2002 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Allelopathy Soc, Food & Agr Org, Japanese World Exposit, Commemorat Assoc, Weed Sci Soc Japan, Japanese Allelopathy Soc, Noda Plants Ltd, Field Sci Co Ltd, Turfgrass II, Caro Trading Co Ltd, Natl Inst Agro Environm Sci DE cover crop; no-tillage; germination; emergence; synergism ID VICIA-VILLOSA ROTH; SECALE-CEREALE; COVER CROPS; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; SEEDLING GROWTH; WEED EMERGENCE; AMENDED SOILS; LEGUME COVER; MULCH; CORN AB Residue of leguminous cover crops such as hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) on the soil surface in minimum tillage cropping systems contributes to intergrated weed management and provides nitrogen for subsequent crops. Research was conducted to determine the role of allelopathy on suppression of weed emergence by hairy vetch residue as the residue decomposes throughout the season. Residue was removed from the field at various times before and after the vetch was killed in spring and assayed for suppression of emergence and growth of selected species in greenhouse assays or petri dish assays. Results showed that hairy vetch residue that was allowed to decompose in the field or that was subjected to leaching in the laboratory was less suppressive of emergence and/or growth than was residue that was fresh. These results could be explained by the presence of aqueous soluble phytotoxins in fresh hairy vetch residue that were lost during the decomposition process in the field or the leaching process in the laboratory. Aqueous extracts of the upper leaf tissue were more inhibitory of seedling root and hypocotyl growth than the lower leaf or stem tissue. This suggests that phytotoxins are present primarily in the metabolically active upper leaves of hairy vetch and that allelopathy contributes to weed suppression for a relatively short time following cover crop kill until leaf tissue has decomposed. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001 Room 245, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 978-1-57808-446-3 PY 2007 BP 211 EP 225 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BGM64 UT WOS:000248512100013 ER PT J AU Motton, DD Keim, NL Tenorio, FA Horn, WF Rutledge, JC AF Motton, Deborah D. Keim, Nancy L. Tenorio, Fatima A. Horn, William F. Rutledge, John C. TI Postprandial monocyte activation in response to meals with high and low glycemic loads in overweight women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE monocytes; inflammation; tumor necrosis factor alpha; interleukin 6; glycemic index; insulin; glucose; triacylglycerols; obesity; carbohydrates ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEINS; INFLAMMATION; MECHANISMS; CYTOKINES; INSULIN; GLUCOSE AB Background: Recent data show that atherosclerosis is initiated and perpetuated by inflammatory events. Activation of immune cells such as monocytes initiates inflammation, a key step in atherosclerosis. Objective: We hypothesize that a high-glycemic load meal activates inflammatory cells, and that this is mediated by elevated circulating triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Design: Sixteen women [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25.7-29.6], aged 20 - 48 y, consumed meals with a high or a low glycemic load in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were collected before and up to 8 It after the meals. Samples were measured for glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, and circulating cytokines, and expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL- 1 beta) was measured by flow cytometry. Results: At 3.5 h after the test meals, we observed a significant increase in monocytes expressing TNF-a with both high- and low-glycemic load meals. Also, expression of IL-10 in monocytes tended to increase, but the change was not significant. The glycemic load of the meal did not influence circulating cytokines and had only a minimal effect on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations despite marked postprandial changes in glycemia and circulating insulin concentrations. Conclusions: In the postprandial state, monocytes can be activated by both high- and low-glycemic load meals. The glycemic load of a single meal did not have a significant effect on the degree of activation of the monocytes in women who displayed only a modest increase in circulating triacylglycerols in response to test meals. Future studies should examine the effect of glycemic load in subjects who have a hyperlipemic response to dietary carbohydrate. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Dept Internal Med,Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Vasc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keim, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Dept Internal Med,Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Vasc, 213 Surge 4, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nkeim@whnrc.usda.gov OI Horn, William/0000-0002-2681-4163 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL71488, HL55667] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 125CP UT WOS:000243419400010 PM 17209178 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Yao, M Shypailo, RJ Urlando, A Wong, WW Heird, WC AF Ellis, Kenneth J. Yao, Manjiang Shypailo, Roman J. Urlando, Alessandro Wong, William W. Heird, William C. TI Body-composition assessment in infancy: air-displacement plethysmography compared with a reference 4-compartment model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; infants; air-displacement plethysmography; 4-compartment reference model; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; WEIGHT-GAIN; NEWBORN-INFANTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MASS INDEX; CHILDREN; COHORT; BIRTH; OBESITY; FAT AB Background: A better understanding of the associations of early infant nutrition and growth with adult health requires accurate assessment of body composition in infancy. Objective: This study evaluated the performance of an infant-sized air-displacement plethysmograph (PEA POD Infant Body Composition System) for the measurement of body composition in infants. Design: Healthy infants (n = 49; age: 1.7-23.0 wk; weight: 2.7-7.1 kg) were examined with the PEA POD system. Reference values for percentage body fat (%BF) were obtained from a 4-compartment (4-C) body-composition model, which was based on measurements of total body water, bone mineral content, and total body potassium. Results: Mean (+/- SD) reproducibility of %BF values obtained with the PEA POD system was 0.4 +/- 1.3%. Mean %BF obtained with the PEA POD system (16.9 +/- 6.5%) did not differ significantly from that obtained with the 4-C model (16.3 +/- 7.2%), and the regression between %BF for the 4-C model and that for the PEA POD system (R(2) = 0.73, SEE = 3.7% BF) did not deviate significantly from the line of identity (y = x). Conclusions: The PEA POD system provided a reliable, accurate, and immediate assessment of %BF in infants. Because of its ease of use, good precision, minimum safety concerns, and bedside accessibility, the PEA POD system is highly suitable for monitoring changes in body composition during infant growth in both the research and clinical settings. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Body Composit Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Body Composit Lab, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellis@bcm.tmc.edu NR 41 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 125CP UT WOS:000243419400014 PM 17209182 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Douglas, SD Kruzich, LA Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, Charles B. Marquis, Grace S. Douglas, Steven D. Kruzich, Laurie A. Wilson, Craig M. TI Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and selenium status in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; selenium; oxidative stress; HIV ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM SELENIUM; HIGH-RISK; DISEASE PROGRESSION; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ACUTE-PHASE AB Background: Antioxidant nutrient deficiencies may hasten the progression of HIV disease by impairing antioxidant defenses. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether HIV infection is associated with poor selenium status and low antioxidant protection by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Design: In a cross-sectional study of 365 HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults, we examined the relation of plasma selenium, whole-blood glutathione, and whole-blood GPX to HIV status, disease severity, immune activation, and oxidative damage. Results: Selenium deficiency (plasma selenium < 0.070 mu g/mL) was not seen in any subjects, and plasma selenium in 244 HIV positive subjects (0.120 +/- 0.0013 mu g/mL) did not differ significantly (P = 0.071) from that in 121 HIV-negative Subjects (0. 125 +/- 0.0020 mu g/mL). However, multiple regression analysis after adjustment for covariates showed a significant (P = 0.002) negative association between HIV-associated immune activation (plasma neopterin) and plasma selenium concentrations. GPX activity was highest in HIV-positive subjects taking antiretroviral therapy (median: 14.2; 25th, 75th percentiles: 11. 1, 18.7 U/mL; n = 130), intermediate in HIV-positive subjects not taking antiretroviral therapy (11.8; 9.4, 15.1 U/mL; n = 114), and lowest in HIV-negative subjects (10.6; 8.6, 12.7 U/mL; n = 12 1; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). GPX was also positively associated with malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage. Conclusions: Subjects had adequate selenium status, although HIV-related immune activation was associated with lower plasma selenium concentrations. GPX activity appears to have been induced by the oxidative stress associated with HIV infection and use of antiretroviral therapy. Thus, young, well-nourished subjects can mount a compensatory antioxidant response to HIV infection. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Joseph Stokes Jr Res Inst, Div Allergy & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD32830]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD00222] NR 54 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 125CP UT WOS:000243419400026 PM 17209194 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Savaria Morris, Martha Jacques, Paul F. Rosenberg, Irwin H. Selhub, Jacob TI Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; anemia; cognition disorders; folate; fortified food; nutrition surveys; vitamin B-12 deficiency ID ATYPICAL COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; ELDERLY POPULATION; SERUM COBALAMIN; COMBINED DEGENERATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; BRAIN-FUNCTION; B STATUS; DEMENTIA AB Background: Historic reports on the treatment of pernicious anemia with folic acid suggest that high-level folic acid fortification delays the diagnosis of or exacerbates the effects of vitamin B-12 deficiency, which affects many seniors. This idea is controversial, however, because observational data are few and inconclusive. Furthermore, experimental investigation is unethical. Objective: We examined the relations between serum folate and vitamin B-12 status relative to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment (ie, Digit Symbol-Coding score < 34) in senior participants in the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Design: The subjects had normal serum creatinine concentrations and reported no history of stroke, alcoholism, recent anemia therapy, or diseases of the liver, thyroid, or coronary arteries (n = 1459). We defined low vitamin B-12 status as a serum vitamin B-12 concentration < 148 pmol/L or a serum methylmalonic acid concentration > 210 nmol/L-the maximum of the reference range for serum vitamin B-12-replete participants with normal creatinine. Results: After control for demographic characteristics, cancer, smoking, alcohol intake, serum ferritin, and serum creatinine, low versus normal vitamin B-12 status was associated with anemia [odds ratio (OR): 2.7; 95% Cl: 1.7,4.2), macrocytosis (OR: 1.8; 95% Cl: 1.01, 3.3), and cognitive impairment (OR: 2.5; 95% Cl: 1.6, 3.8). In the group with a low vitamin B-12 status, serum folate > 59 nmol/L (80th percentile), as opposed to <= 59 nmol/L, was associated with anemia (OR: 3.1; 95% Cl: 1.5, 6.6) and cognitive impairment (OR: 2.6; 95% Cl: 1.1, 6.1). In the normal vitamin B-12 group, ORs relating high versus normal serum folate to these outcomes were < 1.0 (P-interaction < 0.05), but significantly < 1.0 only for cognitive impairment (0.4; 95% Cl: 0.2, 0.9). Conclusion: In seniors with low vitamin B-12 status, high serum folate was associated with anemia and cognitive impairment. When vitamin B-12 status was normal, however, high serum folate was associated with protection against cognitive impairment. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martha.morris@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R03 AG021536-01, R03 AG021536-01A1, R03 AG021536] NR 82 TC 279 Z9 297 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 125CP UT WOS:000243419400028 PM 17209196 ER PT J AU Stamatiadis, S Christofides, C Tsadila, E Taskos, D Tsadilas, C Schepers, JS AF Stamatiadis, Stamatis Christofides, Calliopi Tsadila, Eleftheria Taskos, Dimitris Tsadilas, Christos Schepers, James S. TI Relationship of leaf stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) to biomass production in two fertilized merlot vineyards SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE water use efficiency; N nutrition; soil properties; leaf nutrients ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CARBON; DISCRIMINATION; GRAPEVINES; SOIL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INDICATOR; RESPONSES; STRESS; BARLEY AB Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) are often cultivated under suboptimum conditions for both water and nutrients in order to enhance the quality of grapes for making wine. Since water supply and nitrogen nutrition are major determinants of photosynthetic activity, this study investigated the potential of leaf delta C-13 and delta N-15 to explain spatial variations in biomass production as a function of water use efficiency and fertilizer N uptake, respectively. The combined isotopic signal of the leaves, together with pruning weight, leaf nutrients, and soil properties, were measured in randomly selected field positions over two growing seasons in two fertilized, but different, Merlot vineyards. Significant correlations of surface soil properties and leaf nutrients with pruning weight were not great enough to explain spatial patterns in biomass production. In contrast, leaf delta C-13 and delta N-15, when used as independent variables in multiple regression, explained 71 % of the spatial variation of pruning weight across both fields and growing seasons. Most of the explained model variability was attributed to leaf delta N-15 (r(2) = 0.54), but within single years leaf delta C-13 was better correlated to biomass. The negative correlation between these two isotopes and pruning weight was high only within the vineyard that had steep topographic features and spatially variable growth patterns. It indicated a response of vines to adverse soil conditions by a progressive reduction of water use efficiency and an increase in fertilizer N uptake downslope from the low- to the high-biomass areas of this field. If these relationships persist in other fertilized and water-stressed fields, the isotopic signature of the leaves may be an important tool for application of site-specific management practices within single vineyards. C1 Goulandris Nat Hist Museum, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Kifisia 14562, Greece. Boutari SA, Goumenissa Winery, Goumenissa 61300, Greece. Natl Agr Res Fdn, Inst Soil Classificat & Mapping, Larisa 41335, Greece. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stamatiadis, S (reprint author), Goulandris Nat Hist Museum, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, 13 Levidou St, Kifisia 14562, Greece. EM stam@gnhm.gr NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 152EY UT WOS:000245345100007 ER PT J AU Fritschi, FB Lin, H Walker, MA AF Fritschi, Felix B. Lin, Hong Walker, M. Andrew TI Xylella fastidiosa population dynamics in grapevine genotypes differing in susceptibility to Pierce's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Pierce's disease; Xylella fastidiosa ID MUSCADINE GRAPES; VITIS-ARIZONICA; RESISTANCE; BACTERIUM; MULTIPLICATION; CICADELLIDAE; INHERITANCE; HOMALODISCA; HEMIPTERA; RUPESTRIS AB The xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines, for which breeding resistant cultivars will be a long-term management strategy that involves the identification and characterization of resistant germplasm. A genetically diverse group of grape species and selections was mechanically inoculated with X. fastidiosa, grown in a greenhouse for 113 days after inoculation, and evaluated for the levels of bacterial concentrations in stem and leaf tissues by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Concentrations of X. fastidiosa were affected by genotype, plant tissue, position on the plant relative to the point of inoculation, and interactions among these factors. Based on estimated concentrations of X. fastidiosa in stem samples at 113 d postinoculation, 9621-67, Muscadinia rotundifolia, Vitis arizonica/candicans, V arizonica/girdiana, V candicans, V girdiana, V nesbittiana, and V shuttleworthii were resistant to PD. In contrast, V vinifera, V aestivalis, 9621-94, and V champinii had very high X. fastidiosa concentrations in stem tissues. Sequential sampling of leaf blades at 34, 77, and 113 d postinoculation revealed different temporal patterns in X. fastidiosa concentrations among the grape genotypes. Estimates of X.fastidiosa concentrations decreased after the first sampling in M. rotundifolia, 9621-67, V girdiana, and V arizonica/candicans but increased in all other genotypes. The characterization of X. fastidiosa concentrations in a broad range of grape genotypes allows for the selection of promising genetic backgrounds capable of greatly limiting the population size and development of X. fastidiosa in stems, a critical trait in the breeding of PD-resistant grapevines. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hlin@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 3 BP 326 EP 332 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 221IF UT WOS:000250219900004 ER PT J AU Blom, PE Tarara, JM AF Blom, Paul E. Tarara, Julie M. TI Rapid and nondestructive estimation of leaf area on field-grown concord (Vitis labruscana) grapevines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE leaf area; degree days; thermal time; grapes ID LINEAR MEASUREMENTS; VINIFERA L; INDEX AB Three potential variables, shoot basal diameter, leaf count per shoot, and shoot length, were examined as potential rapid, nondestructive methods for estimating leaf area per shoot, a frequent component of estimates of leaf area per vine. The metrics were recorded in large field-grown vines over five years. Shoot basal diameter, the most rapid method, was not a good predictor of leaf area per shoot. After transformation, shoot length and leaf count per shoot had relatively tight linear relationships with the square root of leaf area per shoot (R-2 = 0.90 and R-2 = 0.85, respectively). Some of the variation in the relationships due to between-year and within-season variability can be reduced by expressing the relationships as a function of thermal time. Furthermore, nonlinear models can be fit to the ratio of leaf area per shoot to the rapidly obtained metrics. Using this ratio approach accounts for the dynamics of canopy development and should increase the accuracy of leaf area estimates during early-season rapid shoot growth. Early in the season the length and count measurements can be made at similar to 0.5 min per shoot, but as the canopy develops and shoots intertwine, the sampling rate progressively slows to similar to 2.5 min per shoot. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 3 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 221IF UT WOS:000250219900014 ER PT J AU Mahanil, S Reisch, BI Owens, CL Thipyapong, P Laosuwan, P AF Mahanil, Siraprapa Reisch, Bruce I. Owens, Christopher L. Thipyapong, Piyada Laosuwan, Paisan TI Resistance gene analogs from Vitis cinerea, Vitis rupestris, and Vitis hybrid Horizon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE resistance gene analog; disease resistance; nucleotide-binding site; marker-assisted selection ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DOWNY MILDEW; GRAPEVINE; LINKAGE; RECEPTOR; MARKERS; MAP; IDENTIFICATION AB Resistance gene analogs (RGAs) characterized by the presence of nucleotide-binding sites (NBS) were cloned from Vitis cinerea, V rupestris, and V hybrid Horizon. Two degenerate PCR primer pairs were designed from conserved regions of NBS motifs within known resistance (R) genes and used for PCR amplification of putative RGAs. A total of 122 putative RGA sequences were cloned from all three genotypes by P-loop/GLPLAL-1 primers. Based on nucleic acid sequence-identity of 90% or greater, RGA clones were subdivided into eight, four, and seven groups for V cinerea, V rupestris, and Horizon, respectively. All of these clones showed similarity of nucleotide sequences to other known R genes or NBS-type nucleotide sequences, and seven clones showed high similarity. Thirty sequences were cloned from V cinerea by P-loop/Rev loop and subdivided into four sequence groups, none of which were similar to nucleotide sequences of other R genes. Nineteen representative RGA clones were classified into 13 TIR-(Drosophila Toll and mammalian Interleukin-I Receptors) NBS-leucine rich repeat (LRR)-like genes and six non-TIR-NBS-LRR-like genes based primarily on nucleotide sequences of kinase-2 motifs and phylogenetic analysis with known TIR or non-TIR proteins. Twenty-three sequence tagged site (STS) and three cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers developed from RGAs were checked for segregation among 179 seedlings from Horizon x Illinois (Ill.) 547-1, and 18 showed goodness-of-fit using a chi-square test. Marker stkVa011 correlated with segregation for downy mildew resistance in this population. These STS markers are currently being investigated for their potential in molecular breeding for disease resistance. C1 [Mahanil, Siraprapa; Thipyapong, Piyada; Laosuwan, Paisan] Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Crop Prod Technol, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Reisch, Bruce I.] Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Owens, Christopher L.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Mahanil, S (reprint author), Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Crop Prod Technol, 111 Univ Ave, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. EM sm379@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 4 BP 484 EP 493 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 251BH UT WOS:000252345000007 ER PT J AU Balasubramanyam, A Mersmann, H Jahoor, F Phillips, TM Sekhar, RV Schubert, U Brar, B Iyer, D Smith, EO Takahashi, H Lu, HY Anderson, P Kino, T Henklein, P Kopp, JB AF Balasubramanyam, Ashok Mersmann, Harry Jahoor, Farook Phillips, Terry M. Sekhar, Rajagopal V. Schubert, Ulrich Brar, Baljinder Iyer, Dinakar Smith, E. O'Brian Takahashi, Hideko Lu, Huiyan Anderson, Peter Kino, Tomoshige Henklein, Peter Kopp, Jeffrey B. TI Effects of transgenic expression of HIV-1 Vpr on lipid and energy metabolism in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus lipodystrophy; glucose; triglycerides; cholesterol; energy expenditure; fat oxidation ID VIRAL PROTEIN-R; IMMUNOAFFINITY CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME; INHIBITORS; DIFFERENTIATION; PATHOGENESIS; EXPENDITURE; APOPTOSIS AB HIV infection is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, body fat redistribution, and altered energy expenditure. The pathogenesis of these complex abnormalities is unclear. Viral protein R ( Vpr), an HIV-1 accessory protein, can regulate gene transcription mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and affect mitochondrial function in vitro. To test the hypothesis that expression of Vpr in liver and adipocytes can alter lipid metabolism in vivo, we engineered mice to express Vpr under control of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter in a tissue-specific and inducible manner and investigated the effects of dietary fat, indinavir, and dexamethasone on energy metabolism and body composition. The transgenic mice expressed Vpr mRNA in white and brown adipose tissues and liver and immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis revealed that they had free Vpr protein in the plasma. Compared with wild-type ( WT) animals, Vpr mice had lower plasma triglyceride levels after 6 wk ( P < 0.05) but not after 10 wk of a high-fat diet and lower plasma cholesterol levels after 10 wk of high-fat diet ( P < 0.05). Treatment with dexamethasone obviated group differences, whereas indinavir had no significant independent effect on lipids. In the fasted state, Vpr mice had a higher respiratory quotient than WT mice ( P < 0.05). These data provide the first in vivo evidence that HIV-1 Vpr expressed at low levels in adipose tissues and liver can 1) circulate in the blood, 2) regulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism, and 3) alter fuel selection for oxidation in the fasted state. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Endocrine Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NIDDKD, Div Engn & Phys Sci, Off Res Sci, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Clin & Mol Virol, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Inst Biochem, Berlin, Germany. RP Balasubramanyam, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Translat Metab Unit, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Dept Med, BCM 700B, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ashokb@bcm.tmc.edu OI Kopp, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9052-186X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-59537, R01 DK059537] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 1 BP E40 EP E48 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00163.2006 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 122UZ UT WOS:000243253900006 PM 16882932 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B Guan, XF Cui, LW Chang, XY Hadsell, D AF Burrin, Douglas G. Stoll, Barbara Guan, Xinfu Cui, Liwei Chang, Xiaoyan Hadsell, Darryl TI GLP-2 rapidly activates divergent intracellular signaling pathways involved in intestinal cell survival and proliferation in neonatal piglets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE glucagon-like peptide-2; total parenteral nutrition ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-2; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; BLOOD-FLOW; NITRIC-OXIDE; EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION; RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; ENTERIC NEURONS; APOPTOSIS; CAMP; INHIBITION AB GLP-2 rapidly activates divergent intracellular signaling pathways involved in intestinal cell survival and proliferation in neonatal piglets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E281-E291, 2007. First published September 5, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2006.-We previously demonstrated the dose-dependent glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 activation of intracellular signals associated with increased epithelial cell survival and proliferation in the neonatal intestine. Our current aim was to quantify the acute, temporal GLP-2 activation of these key intracellular signals and relate this to changes in epithelial cell survival and proliferation in the neonatal intestine. We studied 29 total parenteral nutrition-fed neonatal piglets infused intravenously with either saline (control) or human GLP-2 (420 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1)) for 1, 4, or 48 h. GLP-2 infusion increased small intestinal weight, DNA and protein content, and villus height at 48 h, but not at 1 or 4 h. Intestinal crypt and villus apoptosis decreased and crypt cell proliferation and protein synthesis increased linearly with duration of GLP-2 infusion, but were statistically different from controls only after 48 h. Before the morphological and cellular kinetic changes, GLP-2 rapidly activated putative GLP-2 receptor downstream signals within 1-4 h, including phosphorylation of protein kinase A, protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and the transcription factors cAMP response element-binding protein and c-Fos. GLP-2 rapidly suppressed caspase-3 activation and upregulated Bcl-2 abundance within 1 h, whereas there was an increase in apoptosis inhibitors X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis at 1 h and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 at 4 and 48 h. We also show that the increased c-Fos and reduced active caspase-3 immunostaining after GLP-2 infusion was localized in epithelial cells. We conclude that GLP-2-induced activation of intracellular signals involved in both cell survival and proliferation occurs rapidly and precedes the trophic cellular kinetic effects that occur later in intestinal epithelial cells. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K01 DK075489, P30 DK-56338] NR 46 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 292 IS 1 BP E281 EP E291 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2006 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 122UZ UT WOS:000243253900036 PM 16954336 ER PT J AU Bentler, KT Hall, JS Root, JJ Klenk, K Schmit, B Blackwell, BF Ramey, PC Clark, L AF Bentler, Kevin T. Hall, Jeffrey S. Root, J. Jeffrey Klenk, Kaci Schmit, Brandon Blackwell, Bradley F. Ramey, Paul C. Clark, Larry TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus exposure in North American mesopredators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; OUTBREAK; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; FLAVIVIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; WILDLIFE; HAMSTER; MAMMALS; TICKS AB Sera from 936 mammalian mesopredators (Virginia opossums, gray foxes, striped skunks, hooded skunks, raccoons, a bobcat, and a red fox) were collected during 2003 and 2004 in California, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, Ohio, and Wyoming and screened for flavivirus-specific antibodies by an epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (blocking ELISA). Serum samples positive for antibodies against flaviviruses were screened for West Nile virus (WNV)specific antibodies by blocking ELISA and selectively confirmed with plaque-reduction neutralization tests. High prevalence rates were observed in raccoons (45.6%) and striped skunks (62.9%). The high WNV antibody prevalence noted in mesopredators, their peridomestic tendencies, and their overall pervasiveness make these species potentially useful sentinels for monitoring flaviviruses in defined areas. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Sandusky, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bentler, KT (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kevin.t.bentler@aphis.usda.gov; jeffery.s.hall@aphis.usda.gov; jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov; kaci.klenk@aphis.usda.gov; brandon.b.schmit@aphis.usda.gov; bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov; ramey.68@osu.edu; larry.clark@aphis.usda.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 127GP UT WOS:000243573800029 PM 17255248 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD Kelt, DA North, MP AF Meyer, Marc D. Kelt, Douglas A. North, Malcolm P. TI Microhabitat associations of northern flying squirrels in burned and thinned forest stands of the Sierra Nevada SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; TRUFFLE ABUNDANCE; SOUTHEASTERN-ALASKA; SMALL MAMMALS; FIR FORESTS; NEST TREES; CALIFORNIA AB Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are used to manage fuels within many western North American forest ecosystems, but few studies have examined the relative impacts of these treatments on forest wildlife. We sampled northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and microhabitat variables in burned, thinned and control stands of mixed-conifer forest of the southern Sierra Nevada at the Teakettle Experimental Forest. We used this information to determine the effects of burning and thinning on the microhabitat associations of flying squirrels. Across pretreatment stands, the probability of flying squirrel capture increased with decreasing distance to a perennial creek and increasing litter depth. The probability of flying squirrel capture also was greater with increased canopy cover in thinned stands and increased litter depth in burned stands. Greater canopy cover may provide protection from predators, thicker litter layers may harbor a greater abundance of truffles, a primary food of northern flying squirrels, and creeks may provide squirrels with food sources, drinking water and nest trees. Results from this study underscore the need for more information on the effects of forest management on northern flying squirrels near the southern extent of the species' geographic range. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Wildlife Fish & Consevat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mdmeyer@ucdavis.edu NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 157 IS 1 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[202:MAONFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132PZ UT WOS:000243956000017 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Yee, E Miller, WG AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Yee, Emma Miller, William G. TI Composite sequence proteomic analysis of protein biomarkers of Campylobacter coli, C-lari and C-concisus for bacterial identification SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; MICROORGANISM IDENTIFICATION; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; WHOLE CELLS; AMINO-ACID AB Protein biomarkers observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS) of cell lysates of three strains of Campylobacter coli, two strains of C. lari and one strain of C. concisus have been identified by 'bottom-up' proteomic techniques. The significant findings are as follows. First, the protein biomarkers identified were: PhnA-related protein, 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (DmpI)-related protein, NifU-like protein, cytochrome c, DNA-binding protein HU, 10 kDa chaperonin, thioredoxin, as well as several conserved hypothetical and ribosomal proteins. Second, variations in the biomarker ion m/z in MALDI-TOF-MS spectra across species and strains are the result of variations in the amino acid sequence of the protein due to non-synonymous mutations of the biomarker gene. Third, the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) were the removal of the N-terminal methionine and N-terminal signal peptides. However, in the case of the NifU protein (an iron-sulfur cluster transport protein), post-translational cleavage occurred from the C-terminus. Fourth, only the genomes of the C. coli strain RM2228 and C. lari strain RM2100 have been sequenced; thus, proteomic identification of the proteins of the other strains in this study relied upon sequence homology to the genomic sequence of these strains as well as the genomes of sequences of other Campylobacter strains. In some cases, the determination of the full amino acid sequence of a protein biomarker from a genomically non-sequenced strain was accomplished by combining non-overlapping partial sequences from proteomic identifications of genomically-sequenced strains that were of the same species (or of a different species) to that of the non-sequenced strain. The accuracy of this composite sequence was confirmed by both MS and MS/MS. It was necessary, in some cases, to perform de novo sequencing on 'gaps' in the composite sequence that were not homologous to any genomically-sequenced strain. In order to validate the composite sequence approach, composite sequences were further confirmed by subsequent DNA sequencing of the biomarker gene. Thus, using the composite sequence approach, it was possible to determine the full amino acid sequence of an unknown protein from a genomically non-sequenced bacterial strain without the necessity of either sequencing the biomarker gene or performing full de novo MS/MS sequencing. The sequence obtained could then be used as a strain-specific biomarker for analysis by 'top-down' proteomics techniques. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cfagerquist@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1023 DI 10.1039/b702859h PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 213UZ UT WOS:000249693900019 PM 17893805 ER PT J AU Schroeder, FC Gibson, DM Churchill, ACL Sojikul, P Wursthorn, EJ Krasnoff, SB Clardy, J AF Schroeder, Frank C. Gibson, Donna M. Churchill, Alice C. L. Sojikul, Punchapat Wursthorn, Eric J. Krasnoff, Stuart B. Clardy, Jon TI Differential analysis of 2D NMR spectra: New natural products from a pilot-scale fungal extract library SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE high-throughput screening; metabolism; natural products; NMR spectroscopy; structure elucidation ID INHIBITORS; TOLYPOCLADIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; MACROLIDES C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Res Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schroeder, FC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Frank_Schroeder@harvard.edu RI Schroeder, Frank/H-5026-2012; OI Schroeder, Frank/0000-0002-4420-0237 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59021] NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 901 EP 904 DI 10.1002/anie.200603821 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 135IE UT WOS:000244146500013 PM 17183517 ER PT J AU Jankiewicz, BJ Adeuya, A Yurkovich, MJ Vinueza, NR Gardner, SJ Zhou, M Nash, JJ Kenttamaa, HI AF Jankiewicz, Bartlomiej J. Adeuya, Anthony Yurkovich, Michael J. Vinueza, Nelson R. Gardner, Samuel J., III Zhou, Meng Nash, John J. Kenttaemaa, Hilkka I. TI Reactivity of an aromatic sigma,sigma,sigma-triradical: The 2,4,6-tridehydropyridinium cation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ion-molecule reactions; mass spectrometry; reactivity; triradicals ID EXCITED-STATES; BENZYNE; TRIRADICALS; ABSTRACTION C1 [Jankiewicz, Bartlomiej J.; Yurkovich, Michael J.; Vinueza, Nelson R.; Gardner, Samuel J., III; Zhou, Meng; Nash, John J.; Kenttaemaa, Hilkka I.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Adeuya, Anthony] USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nash, JJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jnash@purdue.edu; hilkka@purdue.edu RI Jankiewicz, Bartlomiej/B-2201-2012 OI Jankiewicz, Bartlomiej/0000-0002-1172-8764 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 48 BP 9198 EP 9201 DI 10.1002/anie.200701732 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 242YG UT WOS:000251761500009 PM 17890659 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Rexroad, CE Rise, ML Hunt, P Koop, B AF Gahr, Scott A. Rexroad, Caird E., III Rise, Matthew L. Hunt, Peter Koop, Ben TI A survey of expressed sequence tags from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tag; gene ontology; pituitary ID HYPOPHYSECTOMY; DNA AB The pituitary plays significant roles in the regulation of physiological processes. In the current study, expressed sequence tag data was obtained for 1,920 clones from a normalized mixed-sex pituitary cDNA library. From these 3,840 sequences, a total of 524 contigs were assembled and 1,256 unique singletons identified. Assignment of functional annotation was performed through BLAST and gene ontology term assignment. Through in silico comparative mapping homologs were identified for 354 of the unigene sequences. These data provide the first functional information on many of the transcripts present in the rainbow trout pituitary. C1 USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada. Univ Victoria, Biomed Res Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCCCWA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Koop, Ben/A-8151-2008 OI Koop, Ben/0000-0003-0045-5200 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 213 EP 230 DI 10.1080/10495390701337335 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 186ES UT WOS:000247762500008 PM 17612844 ER PT S AU Jones, W Tewolde, A AF Jones, Wendelyn Tewolde, Assefaw BE Rosati, A Tewolde, A Mosconi, C TI Current status of research in animal biotechnology: a global outlook SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL SCIENCE WORLDWIDE: WAAP BOOK OF THE YEAR 2006: A REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH IN LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS SE WAAP Book of the Year LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE animal biotechnology; transgenic; crop-livestock interaction; biopharming; recombinant DNA; genetically engineered animals ID RECOMBINANT-HUMAN-ERYTHROPOIETIN; MEDIATED GENE-TRANSFER; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; LENTIVIRAL VECTORS; RETROVIRAL VECTOR; TRANSGENIC GOATS; RNA INTERFERENCE; CHANNEL CATFISH; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION AB There are multiple wide-ranging challenges currently facing animal agriculture: animal agriculture accounts for almost one third of the total world agricultural output. These challenges include the demands for safe, quality products in the marketplace, environmental conservation and the need for advanced mechanisms to deal with animal diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (avian flu). Of particular significance to producers of animals will be the applications of biotechnology that strive to improve the productivity, consistency and overall quality of their intended market products, enhancing their marketplace value. Other points of interest for these producers will include biotechnology techniques enabling introduction of new food, fiber and medical products as well as those that will help protect the environment. Biotechnology alone will not answer every facet of every challenge which the producers industry will face in the coming years; however, it is and will continue to be a definitive tool in animal agriculture. C1 [Jones, Wendelyn] USDA, APHIS BRS1, Unit 146, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Tewolde, Assefaw] Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Jones, W (reprint author), USDA, APHIS BRS1, Unit 146, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Wendelyn.R.Jones@aphis.usda.gov; Assefaw.Tewolde@iica.int; Assefaw.Tewolde@iica.int NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1125 BN 978-90-8686-615-1 J9 WAAP BOOK YEAR PY 2007 VL 3 BP 207 EP 217 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BXB76 UT WOS:000295611400022 ER PT J AU Stark, LR Oliver, MJ Mishler, BD McLetchie, DN AF Stark, Lloyd R. Oliver, Melvin J. Mishler, Brent D. McLetchie, D. Nicholas TI Generational differences in response to desiccation stress in the desert moss Tortula inermis SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bryophyte; desiccation stress; regeneration; sporophyte; gametophyte; protonema; Tortula inermis ID SPOROPHYTE ABORTION; MOJAVE DESERT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ASPECTS; ATRICHUM-ANDROGYNUM; WATER-CONTENT; TOLERANCE; RURALIS; BRYOPHYTES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Background and Aims Active growth in post-embryonic sporophytes of desert mosses is restricted to the cooler, wetter months. However, most desert mosses have perennial gametophytes. It is hypothesized that these life history patterns are due, in part, to a reduced desiccation tolerance for sporophytes relative to gametophytes. Methods Gametophytes with attached post-embryonic sporophytes of Tortula inermis (early seta elongation phenophase) were exposed to two levels of desiccation stress, one rapid-dry cycle and two rapid-dry cycles, then moistened and allowed to recover, resume development, and/or regenerate for 35 d in a growth chamber. Key Results Gametophytes tolerated the desiccation treatments well, with 93 % survival through regenerated shoot buds and/or protonemata. At the high stress treatment, a significantly higher frequency of burned leaves and browned shoots occurred. Sporophytes were far more sensitive to desiccation stress, with only 23 % surviving after the low desiccation stress treatment, and 3 % surviving after the high desiccation stress treatment. While the timing of protonemal production and sporophytic phenophases was relatively unaffected by desiccation stress, shoots exposed to one rapid-dry cycle produced shoots more rapidly than shoots exposed to two rapid-dry cycles. Conclusions It is concluded that sporophytes of Tortula inermis are more sensitive to rapid drying than are maternal gametophytes, and that sporophyte abortion in response to desiccation results from either reduced desiccation tolerance of sporophytes relative to gametophytes, or from a termination of the sporophyte on the part of the gametophyte in response to stress. C1 Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Stark, LR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM LRS@UNLV.nevada.edu NR 49 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1093/aob/mc1238 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 135VG UT WOS:000244181400006 PM 17098752 ER PT J AU Weon, HY Dungan, RS Kwon, SW Kim, JS AF Weon, Hang-Yeon Dungan, Robert S. Kwon, Soon-Wo Kim, Jong-Shik TI The phylogeny of fluorescent pseudomonads in an unflooded rice paddy soil SO ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; fluorescent pseudomonads; phylogeny; 16S rRNA gene; rice paddy soil ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OXYGEN GRADIENT; DIVERSITY; RHIZOSPHERE; SUPPRESSION; STRAINS; PROGRAM; TRAITS; ROOTS AB The purpose of this research was to determine the diversity and distribution of fluorescent pseudomonads in an unflooded rice paddy soil. A region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from isolates was amplified using PCR and subsequently analysed by sequence analysis for bacterial identification and phylogenetic classification. A total of 117 fluorescent pseudomonads, representing between 10 and 21 species, were isolated from two sampling sites within the same paddy (designated as soils C and S). The isolates were found to be 96% homologous with known sequences, and were most closely related to the following Pseudomonas species: P. antarctica, P. costantini, P. extremorientalis, P. frederiksbergensis, P. kilonensis, P. koreensis, P. lini, P. mandelii, P. poae, P. rhodesiae, and A veronii. Of these matches, the bulk of the isolates (49%) were affiliated with P. mandelii. In soils C and S, phylogenetic analysis revealed that 35 and 82 isolates co-clustered with 39 and 59% of 66 fluorescent pseudomonad type strains, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RDA, Appl Microbiol Div, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Suwon 441707, South Korea. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RDA, KACC, Genet Resources Div, Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441707, South Korea. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jskim@ucr.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST MICROBIOLOGIA PI MILAN PA VIA CELORIA 2, 20133 MILAN, ITALY SN 1590-4261 J9 ANN MICROBIOL JI Ann. Microbiol. PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 222TK UT WOS:000250319900001 ER PT J AU Chandrani, L Manjula, H Ian, G David, H Steven, A AF Chandrani, Liyanage Manjula, Hettiarachchi Ian, Griffin David, Hilmers Steven, Abrams TI Decreasing molar ratio of iron : zinc from 6 : 1 to 3 : 1, improved iron absorption from Thriposha supplement in Sri Lanka SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, Galle, Sri Lanka. Baylor Univ, Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2007 VL 51 SU 1 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 192FE UT WOS:000248185400409 ER PT J AU Chandrani, L Manjula, H Ian, G David, H Steven, A AF Chandrani, Liyanage Manjula, Hettiarachchi Ian, Griffin David, Hilmers Steven, Abrams TI Iron absorption from a maize flour based fortified food product in Sri Lanka SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, Galle, Sri Lanka. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2007 VL 51 SU 1 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 192FE UT WOS:000248185400494 ER PT J AU Argyri, K Miller, D Glahn, R Kapsokefalou, M AF Argyri, K. Miller, D. Glahn, R. Kapsokefalou, M. TI Peptides isolated from in vitro digests of milk enhance iron uptake by Caco-2 cells SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr Univ Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, Greece. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2007 VL 51 SU 1 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 192FE UT WOS:000248185401012 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, Alexandrine Harrison, Earl H. TI Retinol secretion at the basolateral side of Caco-2 cells is saturable: Possible ABCA1 implication SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2007 VL 51 SU 1 BP 211 EP 212 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 192FE UT WOS:000248185401018 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA James, DG Storm, CP Wright, LC Snyder, WE AF Prischmann, D. A. James, D. G. Storm, C. P. Wright, L. C. Snyder, W. E. TI Identity, abundance, and phenology of Anagrus spp. (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) and leafhoppers (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) associated with grape, blackberry, and wild rose in Washington state SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anagrus; Erythroneura; leafhoppers; grape; blackberry ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; NEW-YORK VINEYARDS; IMPROVING BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EPOS HYMENOPTERA; WINE GRAPES; ERYTHRONEURA LEAFHOPPERS; HABITAT DIVERSIFICATION; OVERWINTERING REFUGE; APPLE LEAFHOPPER; EGG-PARASITE AB In 2001 and 2002, we monitored densities of western grape leafhopper, Erythroneura elegantula Osborn, and Virginia creeper leafhopper, Erythroneura ziczac Walsh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), eggs front June through September in managed and nonmanaged vineyards in Washington state. Anagrus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) were reared from sampled parasitized leafhopper eggs. Densities of nonparasitized and parasitized E. elegantula eggs, and nonparasitized E. ziczac eggs, were significantly higher in nonmanaged grapevines, although this pattern was not consistent for the latter two groups. Densities of parasitized E. ziczac eggs were consistently low across management regimes. Anagrus erythroneurae S. Trjapitzin & Chiappini, Anagrus daanei S. Triapitsyn, and Anagrus tretiakovae S. Triapitsyn emerged from parasitized E. elegantula eggs, whereas latter two mymarid species also parasitized E. ziczac eggs. Of these species, A. tretiakovae was the most common parasitoid of Erythroneura leafhopper eggs within sampled vineyards. From 2001-2003, we used yellow sticky traps to collect Anagrus wasps and potential leafhopper hosts from blackberry, grape, and wild rose sites, because these habitats might serve as refugia for the wasps. All three Anagrus species collected within vineyards and a fourth species, A. atomus L., were found on traps in these plant habitats. Several leafhopper taxa that could serve as potential alternative hosts for Anagrus spp. also were collected. Our collection of A. daanei, A. tretiakovae, and A. atomus in Washington represents range extensions for these species, revealing several novel candidate species for conservation. Because we consistently found Anagrus species of agricultural importance within rose and blackberry patches, cultivation of these plants close to vineyards may enhance colonization by Anagrus and thus improve grape leafhopper biocontrol. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, No Plains Area, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, No Plains Area, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM dprischmann@ngirl.ars.usda.gov; david_james@wsu.edu; chris@lodiwine.com; lawrence_wright@wsu.edu; wesnyder@wsu.edu NR 55 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 21 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[41:IAAPOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124JN UT WOS:000243364200006 ER PT J AU Hammack, L French, BW AF Hammack, Leslie French, Bryan Wade TI Sexual dimorphism of basitarsi in pest species of Diabrotica and Cerotoma (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE corn rootworm beetle; bean leaf beetle; basitarsal pad; sexual dimorphism ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; BEETLES AB Sexual dimorphism in basitarsal pad morphology is described for prothoracic and mesothoracic legs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and for prothoracic legs of Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). On the indicated legs of these diabroticite beetles, the typical structure of the hairy tarsal pads of chrysomelid beetles is replaced proximally on tarsomere 1 of males by a hairless planar ovoid patch that may facilitate maintenance of the mating posture of males upon the elytra of females. This basitarsal patch proved as reliable as the standard supra-anal plate character for establishing sex of these important crop pests. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Meduary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wfrench@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[59:SDOBIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124JN UT WOS:000243364200008 ER PT S AU Charnley, S Poe, MR AF Charnley, Susan Poe, Melissa R. TI Community forestry in theory and practice: Where are we now? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY SE Annual Review of Anthropology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE community-based forest management; forests; forest communities; governance; livelihoods; sustainability ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; TROPICAL FORESTS; PROTECTED AREAS; CONSERVATION STRATEGIES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; UNITED-STATES; DECENTRALIZATION; MEXICO; BIODIVERSITY AB Community forestry refers to forest management that has ecological sustainability and local community benefits as central goals, with some degree of responsibility and authority for forest management formally vested in the community This review provides an overview of where the field of community forestry is today. We describe four case examples from the Americas: Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Bolivia. We also identify five hypotheses embedded in the concept of community forestry and examine the evidence supporting them. We conclude that community forestry holds promise as a viable approach to forest conservation and community development. Major gaps remain, however, between community forestry in theory and in practice. For example, devolution of forest management authority from states to communities has been partial and disappointing, and local control over forest management appears to have more ecological than socioeconomic benefits. We suggest ways that anthropologists can contribute to the field. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Charnley, S (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM scharnley@fs.fed.us; mpoe@u.washington.edu NR 217 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 8 U2 47 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6570 BN 978-0-8243-1936-6 J9 ANNU REV ANTHROPOL JI Annu. Rev. Anthropol. PY 2007 VL 36 BP 301 EP 336 DI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123143 PG 36 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 222TE UT WOS:000250319300019 ER PT S AU Richardson, DM Rundel, PW Jackson, ST Teskey, RO Aronson, J Bytnerowicz, A Wingfield, MJ Proches, S AF Richardson, David M. Rundel, Philip W. Jackson, Stephen T. Teskey, Robert O. Aronson, James Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Wingfield, Michael J. Proches, Serban TI Human impacts in pine forests: Past, present, and future SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE air pollution; biological invasions; conservation; fire; land use ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ALIEN PLANT INVASIONS; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; MOUNTAIN PINE; FIRE REGIMES; SCOTS PINE AB Pines (genus Pinus) form the dominant tree cover over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Human activities have affected the distribution, composition, and structure of pine forests for millennia. Different human-mediated factors have affected different pine species in different ways in different regions. The most important factors affecting pine forests are altered fire regimes, altered grazing/browsing regimes, various harvesting/construction activities, land clearance and abandonment, purposeful planting and other manipulations of natural ecosystems, alteration of biotas through species reshuffling, and pollution. These changes are occurring against a backdrop of natural and anthropogenically driven climate change. We review past and current influence of humans in pine forests, seeking broad generalizations. These insights are combined with perspectives from paleoecology to suggest probable trajectories in the face of escalating human pressure. The immense scale of impacts and the complex synergies between agents of change calls for urgent and multifaceted action. C1 [Richardson, David M.; Proches, Serban] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Rundel, Philip W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rundel, Philip W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Aronson, James] CNRS, UPR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Aronson, James] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Wingfield, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Richardson, DM (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. EM rich@sun.ac.za RI Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Proches, Serban/A-2044-2008; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008 OI Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; NR 121 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X BN 978-0-8243-1438-5 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2007 VL 38 BP 275 EP 297 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095650 PG 23 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 251GF UT WOS:000252359800012 ER PT S AU Waterland, RA Michels, KB AF Waterland, Robert A. Michels, Karin B. TI Epigenetic epidemiology of the developmental origins hypothesis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION SE Annual Review of Nutrition LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE chromatin; DNA methylation; epigenomics; metabolic imprinting; nutrition ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; AGOUTI GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DNA METHYLATION; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; HEART-DISEASE AB Extensive human epidemiologic and animal model data indicate that during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal mammalian development, nutrition and other environmental stimuli influence developmental pathways and thereby induce permanent changes in metabolism and chronic disease susceptibility. The biologic mechanisms underlying this "developmental origins hypothesis" are poorly understood. This review focuses on the likely involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We describe permanent effects of transient environmental influences on the developmental establishment of epigenetic gene regulation and evidence linking epigenetic dysregulation with human disease. We propose a definition of "epigenetic epidemiology" and delineate how this emerging field provides a basis from which to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms in DOHaD. We suggest strategies for future human epidemiologic studies to identify causal associations between early exposures, long-term changes in epigenetic regulation, and disease, which may ultimately enable specific early-life interventions to improve human health. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Obstet & Gynecol Epidemiol Ctr,Dept Obstet Gyneco, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA 28382]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01 DK 070007] NR 136 TC 362 Z9 375 U1 9 U2 76 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 BN 978-0-8243-2827-6 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2007 VL 27 BP 363 EP 388 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093705 PG 26 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 236CK UT WOS:000251280400021 PM 17465856 ER PT S AU Fuchs, M Gonsalves, D AF Fuchs, Marc Gonsalves, Dennis TI Safety of virus-resistant transgenic plants two decades after their introduction: Lessons from realistic field risk assessment studies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE pathogen-derived resistance; virus transgenes; RNA silencing; perceived safety issues; real risks; benefits ID PAPAYA-RINGSPOT-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GRAPEVINE-FANLEAF-VIRUS; APHID TRANSMISSION; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; WILD RELATIVES; RECOMBINATION; RNA; SQUASH AB Potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virus-resistant transgenic plants. This review focuses on safety assessment with a special emphasis on crops that have been commercialized or extensively tested in the field such as squash, papaya, plum, grope, and sugar beet. We discuss topics commonly perceived to be of concern to the environment and to human health-heteroencapsidation, recombination, synergism, gene flow, impact on nontarget organisms, and food safety in terms of allergenicity. The wealth of field observations and experimental data is critically evaluated to draw inferences on the most relevant issues. We also express inside views on the safety and benefits of virus-resistant transgenic plants, and recommend realistic risk assessment approaches to assist their timely deregulation and release. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Fuchs, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mf13@cornell.edu; dgonsalvcs@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 106 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 65 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1345-6 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2007 VL 45 BP 173 EP 202 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094434 PG 30 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210UN UT WOS:000249481200008 PM 17408355 ER PT S AU Jones, JB Jackson, LE Balogh, B Obradovic, A Iriarte, FB Momol, MT AF Jones, J. B. Jackson, L. E. Balogh, B. Obradovic, A. Iriarte, F. B. Momol, M. T. TI Bacteriophages for plant disease control SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE biocontrol; phage therapy; phage ecology ID CAMPESTRIS PV-VESICATORIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; H-MUTANT BACTERIOPHAGES; COPPER RESISTANCE GENES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE; POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AB The use of phages for disease control is a fast expanding area of plant protection with great potential to replace the chemical control measures now prevalent. Phages can be used effectively as part of integrated disease management strategies. The relative ease of preparing phage treatments and low cost of production of these agents make them good candidates for widespread use in developing countries as well. However, the efficacy of phages, as is true of many biological control agents, depends greatly on prevailing environmental factors as well as on susceptibility of the target organism. Great care is necessary during development, production and application of phage treatments. In addition, constant monitoring for the emergence of resistant bacterial strains is essential. Phage-based disease control management is a dynamic process with a need for continuous adjustment of the phage preparation in order to effectively fight potentially adapting pathogenic bacteria. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Jones, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jbjones@ufl.edu NR 103 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1345-6 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2007 VL 45 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210UN UT WOS:000249481200011 PM 17386003 ER PT S AU Robinson, AF AF Robinson, A. Forest TI Reniform in US cotton: When, where, why, and some remedies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cotton; crop losses; Gossypium hirsutum; emerging diseases; nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; INCOGNITA RACE 3; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; UNITED-STATES; ROOT-KNOT; GERMPLASM LINES; SOIL TEXTURE AB The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is an emerging problem in U.S. cotton. The impact of this nematode and the extent to which it has and will continue to spread across the U.S. cotton belt are controversial. Long-term changes in cotton production and unique biological attributes of R. reniformis are key factors. Expert opinion surveys indicate that R. reniformis has replaced the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) as the major nematode of cotton in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. In neighboring states the incidence of heavily infested fields has increased during the past 10 years. Estimated annual loss to the U.S. cotton crop is $130M. Crop rotation and nematicides can reduce losses. Introgression of genetic resistance from primitive accessions of other cotton species offers the most promising opportunity to effectively control this pathogen in the long term. Laboratories in several institutions are currently pursuing this goal, with the promise of resistant cultivars adapted to U.S. cotton production regions within three years. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov NR 159 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1345-6 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2007 VL 45 BP 263 EP 288 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.011107.143949 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210UN UT WOS:000249481200012 PM 17428179 ER PT S AU Wise, RP Moscou, MJ Bogdanove, AJ Whitham, SA AF Wise, Roger P. Moscou, Matthew J. Bogdanove, Adam J. Whitham, Steven A. TI Transcript profiling in host-pathogen interactions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cluster analysis; genetical genomics; meta-analysis MIAME; microarray; plant ontology; signaling cascades ID SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; LASER-CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; STANFORD MICROARRAY DATABASE; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; VIRUS REPLICASE PROTEIN; BARLEY EPIDERMAL-CELLS; GENE-SILENCING SYSTEM AB Using genomic technologies, it is now possible to address research hypotheses in the context of entire developmental or biochemical pathways, gene networks, and chromosomal location of relevant genes and their inferred evolutionary history. Through a range of platforms, researchers can survey an entire transcriptome under a variety of experimental and field conditions. Interpretation of such data has led to new insights and revealed previously undescribed phenomena. In the area of plant-pathogen interactions, transcript profiling has provided unparalleled perception into the mechanisms underlying gene-for-gene resistance and basal defense, host vs non-host resistance, biotrophy vs necrotrophy, and pathogenicity of vascular vs nonvascular pathogens, among many others. In this way, genomic technologies have facilitated a system-wide approach to unifying themes and unique features in the interactions of hosts and pathogens. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu RI Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011 OI Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818 NR 170 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 35 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1345-6 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2007 VL 45 BP 329 EP 369 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.011107.143944 PG 41 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 210UN UT WOS:000249481200015 PM 17480183 ER PT J AU Ye, WP Chang, HL Wang, LS Huang, YW Shu, S Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Sugimoto, Y Lin, YC AF Ye, Weiping Chang, Hsiang-Lin Wang, Li-Shu Huang, Yi-Wen Shu, Sherry Dowd, Michael K. Wan, Peter J. Sugimoto, Yasuro Lin, Young C. TI Modulation of multidrug resistance gene expression in human breast cancer cells by (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; multidrug resistance; MDR1; P-glycoprotein ID TAMOXIFEN-RESISTANCE; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; GOSSYPOL; MECHANISMS; THERAPY; (-)-ENANTIOMER; CYTOTOXICITY; ENANTIOMERS; PREVENTION; CARCINOMA AB Background: Multidnig resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to successful cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, acts as an efflux pump and prevents sufficient intracellular accumulation of several anticancer agents, thus, playing a major role in MDR. Tamoxifen (Tam), ICI 182 780 (ICI) and Adriamycin (Adr) alone or with (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil [(-)-GPCSO] possible effects on cell growth inhibition and regulation of MDR], mRNA and P-gp expression were examined in both an MDR human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/Adr cells, and primary cultured human breast cancer epithelial cells (PCHBCEC). Materials and Methods: Cells were treated with 0.05% of (-)-GPCSO either in the absence or presence of either 0.1 mu M Tam, ICI or Adr for 24 h. Results: Using the non-radioactive cell proliferation MTS assay, none of these chemotherapeutic agents alone inhibited MCF-7/Adr cell and PCHBCEC proliferation; meanwhile, the combination of 0.1 mu M Tam, ICI or Adr with 0.05% (-)-GPCSO significantly reduced MCF-7/Adr cell growth by approximately 34010, 32% and 23%, respectively, of that of the vehicle-treated cells. For PCHBCEC, the combination of 0.05% (-)-GPCSO with 0.1 mu M of Tam, ICI and Adr reduced cell growth to about 94%, 90%, and 71% respectively, of the vehicle treated PCHBCEC. Furthermore, (-)-GPCSO inhibited MDR1/P-gp expression in both MCF-7/Adr and PCHBCEC in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide insight into the MDR-reversing potential of (-)-GPCSO in human breast cancer cells resistant to current chemotherapeutic agents. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.15@osu.edu RI Sugimoto, Yasuro/B-4004-2012 OI Sugimoto, Yasuro/0000-0002-5094-4347 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94718, CA95915] NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1A BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 140ZJ UT WOS:000244545200014 PM 17352222 ER PT S AU Prior, RL Wu, XL AF Prior, Ronald L. Wu, Xianli BE Shahidi, F Ho, CT TI Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidant Capacity in Foods: Measurement and In Vivo Implications SO ANTIOXIDANT MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Antioxidant Measurement and Applications held at the 229th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; GENERATING SYSTEMS; COMMON VEGETABLES; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; RED WINE; ASSAY; ORAC; PHENOLICS; ANTHOCYANINS AB The measurement of both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity in food is possible using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)) assay. Data from these measurements provide a measure of antioxidant capacity using specific biologically relevant free radical sources, usually the peroxyl radical, but different radical sources can be utilized in order to obtain the relative response of different dietary antioxidants to different radical sources. The effects of food processing and of genetics, harvest maturity, and environmental growing conditions on antioxidant components can be evaluated. The in vitro measure of antioxidant capacity provides information on potential for dietary antioxidants to defend against free radical damage in the gastrointestinal tract; however, information on what the in vivo response will be following consumption of the dietary antioxidants may not directly correlate. It is clear that specific phytochemical components in foods are absorbed/metabolized quite differently; thus in vivo techniques are necessary to confirm that antioxidant status will be altered as a result from consumption of the specific source of dietary antioxidants. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.; Wu, Xianli] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7428-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 956 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0956.ch005 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BKS01 UT WOS:000269051600005 ER PT S AU Fan, XT AF Fan, Xuetong BE Shahidi, F Ho, CT TI Control of Irradiation-Induced Lipid Oxidation and Volatile Sulfur Compounds Using Antioxidants in Raw Meat and Ready-to-Eat Meat Products SO ANTIOXIDANT MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Antioxidant Measurement and Applications held at the 229th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID OFF-ODOR VOLATILES; COOKED GROUND PORK; DIETARY VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; TURKEY BREAST; BEEF PATTIES; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; SHELF-LIFE; ASCORBIC-ACID AB Ionizing radiation is a non-thermal processing technology used for extending shelf-life and disinfestation of fruits and vegetables, and for inactivating foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms of various foods. However, ionizing radiation can promote lipid oxidation, particularly during postirradiation storage when exposed to oxygen, and induce development of an off-odor in meats. Free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons, generated from radiolysis of water, attack food components (proteins, amino acids, lipids etc.), leading to an increased rate of lipid oxidation and production of volatile sulfur compounds. Most of the volatile sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide have very low odor thresholds. Antioxidants applied either as additives, ingredients, or dietary supplementation inhibited lipid oxidation, but had a limited effect on production of volatile sulfur compounds, suggesting the mechanisms for irradiation-induced lipid oxidation and production of volatile sulfur compounds are different. Combination of antioxidants with packaging systems may be used to reduce both lipid oxidation and production of off-odor compounds. C1 ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7428-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 956 BP 401 EP 418 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0956.ch026 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BKS01 UT WOS:000269051600026 ER PT J AU Quisenberry, SS Ni, XZ AF Quisenberry, Sharron S. Ni, Xinzhi BE VanEmden, HF Harrington, R TI Feeding Injury SO APHIDS AS CROP PESTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI HEMIPTERA; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; APPLE APHID; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; PEA APHID; HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS C1 [Quisenberry, Sharron S.] Virginia Tech, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Quisenberry, SS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 124 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-819-0 PY 2007 BP 331 EP 352 DI 10.1079/9780851998190.0331 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB19 UT WOS:000293338300014 ER PT J AU Michels, GJ Burd, JD AF Michels, Gerald J., Jr. Burd, John D. BE VanEmden, HF Harrington, R TI IPM Case Studies: Sorghum SO APHIDS AS CROP PESTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENBUG HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM-HOMOPTERA; CORN LEAF APHID; GRAIN-SORGHUM; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BIOTYPE-I; SOIL TREATMENTS; LIFE-HISTORY; COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE C1 [Michels, Gerald J., Jr.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Burd, John D.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Michels, GJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-819-0 PY 2007 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1079/9780851998190.0627 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BWB19 UT WOS:000293338300028 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Page, B Usgaard, T Borucki, MK Pupedis, K Ward, TJ AF Ducey, Thomas F. Page, Brent Usgaard, Thomas Borucki, Monica K. Pupedis, Kitty Ward, Todd J. TI A single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based multilocus genotyping assay for subtyping lineage I isolates of Listeria monocytogenes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIC-ASSOCIATED STRAINS; TRUNCATED INTERNALIN-A; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; SEROTYPE 4B; RESTRICTION; PULSENET AB Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for food-borne disease with high mortality rates in humans and is the leading microbiological cause of food recalls. Lineage I isolates of L. monocytogenes are a particular public health concern because they are responsible for most sporadic cases of listeriosis and the vast majority of epidemic outbreaks. Rapid, reproducible, and sensitive methods for differentiating pathogens below the species level are required for effective pathogen control programs, and the CDC PulseNet Task Force has called for the development and validation of DNA sequence-based methods for subtyping food-borne pathogens. Therefore, we developed a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for L. monocytogenes lineage I isolates based on nucleotide variation identified by sequencing 23,251 by of DNA from 22 genes distributed across seven genomic regions in 65 L. monocytogenes isolates. This single-well assay of 60 allele-specific probes captured 100% of the haplotype information contained in approximately 1.5 Mb of comparative DNA sequence and was used to reproducibly type a total of 241 lineage I isolates. The MLGT assay provided high discriminatory power (Simpson's index value, 0.91), uniquely identified isolates from the eight listeriosis outbreaks examined, and differentiated serotypes 1/2b and 4b as well as epidemic clone I (ECI), ECIa, and ECII. In addition, the assay included probes for a previously characterized truncation mutation in inlA, providing for the identification of a specific virulence-attenuated subtype. These results demonstrate that MLGT represents a significant new tool for use in pathogen surveillance, outbreak detection, risk assessment, population analyses, and epidemiological investigations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA, Microbial Outbreaks & Special Projects Lab, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 59 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1128/AEM.01453-06 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400014 PM 17085705 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Miller, WG Zhang, RH Ma, YG Mitloehner, F AF McGarvey, Jeffery A. Miller, William G. Zhang, Ruihong Ma, Yanguo Mitloehner, Frank TI Bacterial population dynamics in dairy waste during aerobic and anaerobic treatment and subsequent storage SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; MANURE; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVATION; SEQUENCES; FARMS; PCR AB The objective of this study was to model a typical dairy waste stream, monitor the chemical and bacterial population dynamics that occur during aerobic or anaerobic treatment and subsequent storage in a simulated lagoon, and compare them to those of waste held without treatment in a simulated lagoon. Both aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods followed by storage effectively reduced the levels of total solids (59 to 68%), biological oxygen demand (85 to 90%), and sulfate (56 to 65%), as well as aerobic (83 to 95%), anaerobic (80 to 90%), and coliform (> 99%) bacteria. However, only aerobic treatment reduced the levels of ammonia, and anaerobic treatment was more effective at reducing total sulfur and sulfate. The bacterial population structure of waste before and after treatment was monitored using 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries. Both treatments had unique effects on the bacterial population structure of waste. Aerobic treatment resulted in the greatest change in the type of bacteria present, with the levels of eight out of nine phyla being significantly altered. The most notable differences were the > 16-fold increase in the phylum Proteobacteria and the approximately 8-fold decrease in the phylum Firmicutes. Anaerobic treatment resulted in fewer alterations, but significant decreases in the phyla Actinobacteria and Baeteroidetes, and increases in the phyla Planctomycetes, Spirochetes, and TM7 were observed. C1 USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Safety Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McGarvey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM McGarvey@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1128/AEM.01422-06 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400021 PM 17085701 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Kang, BR Krishnan, AH Kim, KY Kim, YC AF Krishnan, Hari B. Kang, Beom Ryong Krishnan, Ammulu Hari Kim, Kil Yong Kim, Young Cheol TI Rhizobium etli USDA9032 engineered to produce a phenazine antibiotic inhibits the growth of fungal pathogens but is impaired in symbiotic performance SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-CHLORORAPHIS PCL1391; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL; BACTERIA; CLONING; BIOCHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENS; MECHANISMS; STRAINS AB Phenazine production was engineered in Rhizobium etli USDA9032 by the introduction of the phz locus of Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. Phenazine-producing R. etli was able to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. Black bean inoculated with phenazine-producing R. etli produced brownish Fix(-) nodules. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Environm Friendly Agr Res Ctr, KGangju 500757, South Korea. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108W Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1128/AEM.02027-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400037 PM 17085692 ER PT J AU Saengkerdsub, S Anderson, RC Wilkinson, HH Kim, WK Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Saengkerdsub, Suwat Anderson, Robin C. Wilkinson, Heather H. Kim, Woo-Kyun Nisbet, David J. Ricke, Steven C. TI Identification and quantification of methanogenic archaea in adult chicken ceca SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANIMAL FECES; RUMEN; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; ENUMERATION; BACTERIA; HINDGUT; PCR AB By using molecular methods for the identification and quantification of methanogenic archaea in adult chicken ceca, 16S rRNA genes of 11 different phylotypes, 10 of which were 99% similar to Methanobrevibacter woesei, were found. Methanogen populations, as assessed by cultivation, and the 16S rRNA copy number were between 6.38 and 8.23 cells/g (wet weight) and 5.50 and 7.19 log(10)/g (wet weight), respectively. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Southern Plain Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1128/AEM.01931-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400044 PM 17085694 ER PT J AU Keen, JE Durso, LM Meehan, TP AF Keen, James E. Durso, Lisa M. Meehan, Thomas P. TI Isolation of Salmonella enterica and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from feces of animals in public contact areas of United States zoological parks SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; CATTLE; INFECTIONS; LIVESTOCK; CHILDREN; FAIR AB The fecal prevalence of subclinical Salmonella enterica and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 among animals in human-animal contact exhibits at institutions in the United States accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums was estimated to assess public health risk. The prevalence was less than 0.6% for both zoonotic pathogens among 997 animals sampled at 36 exhibits. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim ReS Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL USA. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim ReS Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM keen@email.marc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 362 EP 365 DI 10.1128/AEM.01563-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400046 PM 17071798 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Hollinian, DR Calci, KR Chen, HQ Flick, GJ AF Kingsley, David H. Hollinian, Daniel R. Calci, Kevin R. Chen, Haiqiang Flick, George J. TI Inactivation of a norovirus by high-pressure processing SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; OYSTERS; TEMPERATURE; FOOD; PICORNAVIRUSES; SURROGATE AB Murine norovirus (strain MNV-1), a propagable norovirus, was evaluated for susceptibility to high-pressure processing. Experiments with virus stocks in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium demonstrated that at room temperature (20 degrees C) the virus was inactivated over a pressure range of 350 to 450 MPa, with a 5-min, 450-MPa treatment being sufficient to inactivate 6.85 log(10) PFU of MNV-1. The inactivation of MNV-1 was enhanced when pressure was applied at an initial temperature of 5 degrees C; a 5-min pressure treatment of 350 MPa at 30 degrees C inactivated 1.15 log(10) PFU of virus, while the same treatment at 5 degrees C resulted in a reduction of 5.56 log(10) PFU. Evaluation of virus inactivation as a function of treatment times ranging from 0 to 150 s and 0 to 900 s at 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively, indicated that a decreasing rate of inactivation with time was consistent with Weibull or log-logistic inactivation kinetics. The inactivation of MNV-1 directly within oyster tissues was demonstrated; a 5-min, 400-MPa treatment at 5 degrees C was sufficient to inactivate 4.05 log(10) PFU. This work is the first demonstration that norovirus can be inactivated by high pressure and suggests good prospects for inactivation of nonpropagable human norovirus strains in foods. C1 Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, James WW Baker Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM dkingsle@desu.edu NR 39 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 2 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1128/AEM.02117-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136BK UT WOS:000244197400025 PM 17142353 ER PT J AU Mettler, AE Shivik, JA AF Mettler, Alex Edward Shivik, John Anthony TI Dominance and neophobia in coyote (Canis latrans) breeding pairs SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neophobia; dominance; coyote; fladry ID SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; RATS; WILD; COMPETITION; PREDATION; RESPONSES; BOLDNESS; STIMULI; ECOLOGY AB Previous research suggests that within social animals, subordinate individuals are less neophobic than dominant individuals. We investigated the effect of social status on neophobic responses using 10 captive coyote breeding pairs. Social status was determined from observations of feeding behavior and agonistic interactions during a series of reference trials. Once dominance was established, we surrounded an experimental area with novel stimuli (ropes adorned with interspersed flags) to create a novel context around a familiar food source. Contrary to hypotheses, dominant coyotes were first to feed, showed more interest toward novel stimuli, and eventually crossed the barrier, which subordinates never did. Our results indicate that dominant coyotes are less neophobic of novel settings that contain familiar food than subordinates are. Since a reduction in neophobia can be interpreted as an increase in risk taking, our results support previous observations that dominant (alpha) coyotes take more risks than subordinates. Our results also suggest reasons for differential observations of coyote behavior in the field: artificial selection against bold behavior in populations undergoing predator control. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mettler, AE (reprint author), 8245 W Broadway, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. EM aemettler1@yahoo.com; jshivik@cc.usu.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.03.012 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 127VL UT WOS:000243614300007 ER PT J AU Siemens, MC Darnell, TJ Hulick, DE AF Siemens, M. C. Darnell, T. J. Hulick, D. E. TI Performance of two hoe-type air drills sowing green peas in a conservation tillage system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sowing depth; seedling emergence; uniformity; no-till; furrow opener; depth control; green pea; conservation tillage; drill performance; air drill ID WHEAT EMERGENCE; SEED AB A one year experiment was conducted in eastern Oregon to evaluate the performance of two different types of hoe-type air drills in terms of seeding depth uniformity, emergence, early plant growth, and crop yield when sowing green peas (Pisum sativum L.) in a tilled, leveled field. The seeding systems studied included a banded-row, flex frame air drill with seeding depth controlled by frame elevation and a single-row air drill with individual seeding unit depth control. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. At the time of seeding, the field had approximately 5.6 t/ha of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue on the soil surface. Depth of seed placement and date of emergence were recorded for 998 plants, while crop yield was determined by hand harvesting a 9.2-m(2) area. Despite the significant differences in drill configuration, few differences in performance were found. The banded-row, flex frame air drill without individual depth gauge wheels placed seeds as accurately as the single-row air drill equipped with individual seeding unit depth control. Standard deviation of the mean seeding depth, speed of emergence index, and the percentage of sown seeds that emerged were not significantly different between the two drills. Crop yield and crop yield components including plant population, pods per plant, peas per pod, and pea weight were also not significantly different. The results of this study suggest that in leveled field conditions, there is no benefit to drills equipped with individual seeding unit depth control in terms of seed depth uniformity, seedling emergence, stand establishment, or crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Convers Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Extens Serv, Milton Freewater, OR USA. RP Siemens, MC (reprint author), POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM markc.siemens@oregonstate.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 142NO UT WOS:000244656900003 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Richard, EP Viator, BJ Jackson, W Waguespack, HL Birkett, HS AF Viator, R. P. Richard, E. P. Viator, B. J. Jackson, W. Waguespack, H. L. Birkett, H. S. TI Sugarcane chopper harvester extractor fan and ground speed effects on yield and quality SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; chopper harvester; green-cane harvesting; mechanical harvest AB Operational settings on chopper harvesters are extremely important in green-cane harvesting since one is relying solely on the harvester to remove extraneous matter instead of the traditional-pre-harvest burn method. The objective of this research was to determine the combined effect of selected ground and fan speeds on sugar yield, cane quality, and field losses using a commercial chopper harvester In both 2003 and 2004, a split-plot experiment was performed at harvest with the main plots having ground speeds of 4.0, 4.8, and 5.6 km h(-1) and subplots having primary extractor fan speeds of 650, 850, and 1050 rpm of the 1.5-m diameter fan. Under the optimal conditions (low leaf and soil moisture), the 1050 rpm fan speed increased theoretical recoverable sugar (TRS) by 10% but decreased cane yield by 15% compared to the two lower fan speeds resulting in similar sugar yields for all fan settings. Under poor conditions (high leaf and soil moisture), the 1050-rpm fall speed decreased cane yield by 13% without an increase in TRS, resulting in lower sugar yields than the low or medium fan settings. Ground speed, under both conditions, did not affect cane yield or quality. The chopper harvester performed well under ideal conditions with a primary fan speed of 1050 rpm but had decreasing performance under poor conditions regardless of fan speed. C1 USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. Calvin Viator & Associates, Thibodaux, LA USA. Amer Sugarcane League, Thibodaux, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Audubon Sugar Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM rviator@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 142NO UT WOS:000244656900004 ER PT J AU Celik, A Ozturk, I Way, TR AF Celik, A. Ozturk, I. Way, T. R. TI Effects of various planters on emergence and seed distribution uniformity of sunflower SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE planters; seeders; sunflower; seed distribution; emergence ID ACCURACY AB In this study, four different type seeders were evaluated for seed spacing, depth uniformity, and plant emergence at three forward speeds (3.6, 5.4, and 7.2 km h(-1)). The planter types were: no-till planter, precision vacuum planter, universal planter, and semi-automatic potato planter. The sowing uniformity of the horizontal distribution of seeds was described by using the multiple index, the miss index, the quality of feed index, and the precision in addition to the means and standard deviations of the sample methods. Uniformity of planting depth of seeds was described using the mean, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the sample methods. Plant emergence ratios were evaluated by mean emergence time, emergence rate indexes, and emergence percentage. The best seed spacing uniformity and seed emergence ratio were obtained with the no-till planter, and the best seed depth uniformity was obtained with the precision vacuum planter Forward speed significantly affected only the mean emergence time (P < 0.05). As forward speed increased, mean emergence time decreased. C1 Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Celik, A (reprint author), Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Machinery, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. EM ahcelik@atauni.edu.tr NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 142NO UT WOS:000244656900008 ER PT J AU Duran, RM Cary, JW Calvo, AM AF Duran, Rocio M. Cary, Jeffrey W. Calvo, Ana M. TI Production of cyclopiazonic acid, aflatrem, and aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus is regulated by veA, a gene necessary for sclerotial formation SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; cyclopiazonic acid; aflatrem; aflatoxin; sclerotia; mycotoxin regulation ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; DNA-DAMAGE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXIN; PARASITICUS; CHICKENS; NIDULANS; PEANUTS AB The plant pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus produces several types of mycotoxins. The most well known are the carcinogenic compounds called aflatoxins. In addition, A. flavus produces cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem mycotoxins, contributing to the toxicity of A. flavus infected crops. Cyclopiazonic acid is a specific inhibitor of calcium-dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum that results in altered cellular Ca++ levels. Aflatrem is a potent tremorgenic mycotoxin known to lead to neurological disorders. Previously we showed that a gene called veA controls aflatoxin and sclerotial production in A. parasiticus. In this study in A. flavus, we show that the veA homolog in A. flavus not only is necessary for the production of aflatoxins B1 and B2 and sclerotia, but also regulates the synthesis of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. The A. flavus Delta veA mutant was completely blocked in the production of aflatrem and showed greater than twofold decrease in cyclopiazonic acid production. The genes involved in the synthesis of cyclopiazonic acid are unknown; however, the aflatrem gene cluster has been characterized. Northern hybridization analysis showed that veA is required for expression of the A. flavus aflatrem genes atmC, atmG, and atmM. This is the first report of a regulatory gene governing the production of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem mycotoxins. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Calvo, AM (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Montgomery Hall, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM amcalvo@niu.edu NR 50 TC 116 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1168 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0581-5 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 118UP UT WOS:000242968300023 PM 16988822 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Cruz, L Sotomayor-Ramirez, D Perez-Alegria, L AF Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Cruz, Leo Sotomayor-Ramirez, David Perez-Alegria, Luis TI Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use in a tropical watershed SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme activities; inceptisols; oxisols; ultisols; soil quality; land use ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ARYLAMIDASE ACTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; MINERALIZATION AB Enzyme activities play key roles in the biochemical functioning of soils, including soil organic matter formation and degradation, nutrient cycling, and decomposition of xenobiotics. Knowledge of enzyme activities can be used to describe changes in soil quality due to land use management and for understanding soil ecosystem functioning. In this study, we report the activities of the glycosidases (beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-glucosaminidase), acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, involved in C (C and N for beta-glucosaminidase), P, and S cycling, respectively, as affected by soil order and land use within a watershed in north-central Puerto Rico (Caribbean). Representative surface soil (0-15 cm) samples were taken from 84.6% of the total land area (45,067 ha) of the watershed using a completely randomized design. The activity of alpha-galactosidase was greater in soils classified as Oxisols than in soils classified as Ultisols and Inceptisols, and it was not affected by land use. The activity of beta-glucosidase was greater in Oxisols compared to the Inceptisols and Ultisols, and it showed this response according to land use: pasture > forest > agriculture. The activity of beta-glucosaminidase was higher in Oxisols than the other soil orders, and it was higher under pasture compared to forest and agriculture. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were greater in Oxisols and Ultisols than in Inceptisols, and they decreased in this order due to land use: forest = pasture > agriculture. As a group, beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase activities separated the sites under forest and pasture from those under agriculture in a three-dimensional plot. Thus, enzyme activities in Inceptisols under agriculture could be increased to levels comparable to other soil orders with conservative practices similar to those under pasture and secondary forest growth. Our findings demonstrate that within this watershed, acid and low fertility soils such as Oxisols and Ultisols have in general higher enzyme activities than less weathered tropical soils of the order Inceptisols, probably due to their higher organic matter content and finer texture; and that the activities of these enzymes respond to management with agricultural practices decreasing key soil biochemical reactions of soil functioning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 107 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.012 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 115VI UT WOS:000242761500005 ER PT J AU Camara, MD Evans, S Langdon, C AF Camara, M. D. Evans, S. Langdon, C. TI Inbreeding effects on growth and survival in a naturalized population of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) revealed using molecular marker-based estimates of parental relatedness SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Camara, M. D.] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Evans, S.; Langdon, C.] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Molluscan Broodstock Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S247 EP S247 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.038 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500048 ER PT J AU Gharbi, K Coulibaly, I Rexroad, CE Moghadam, HK Leder, EH Ng, SHS Davidson, WD Ferguson, MM Danzmann, RG AF Gharbi, K. Coulibaly, I. Rexroad, C. E. Moghadam, H. K. Leder, E. H. Ng, S. H. S. Davidson, W. D. Ferguson, M. M. Danzmann, R. G. TI Progress toward a gene map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Gharbi, K.; Moghadam, H. K.; Ferguson, M. M.; Danzmann, R. G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Coulibaly, I.; Rexroad, C. E.; Leder, E. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ng, S. H. S.; Davidson, W. D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013; OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290; Moghadam, Hooman/0000-0003-4600-8254 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S261 EP S261 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.071 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500081 ER PT J AU Gharbi, K Coulibaly, I Rexroad, CE Moghadam, HK Leder, EH Siemon, HSNG Davidson, WD Guyomard, R Ferguson, MM Danzmann, RG AF Gharbi, K. Coulibaly, I. Rexroad, C. E. Moghadam, H. K. Leder, E. H. Siemon, H. S. N. G. Davidson, W. D. Guyomard, R. Ferguson, M. M. Danzmann, R. G. TI Comparative maps of salmonid genomes: An update SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Gharbi, K.; Moghadam, H. K.; Ferguson, M. M.; Danzmann, R. G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Coulibaly, I.; Rexroad, C. E.; Leder, E. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Siemon, H. S. N. G.; Davidson, W. D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Guyomard, R.] INRA, UR544 Genet Poissons, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S260 EP S261 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.070 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500080 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Rexroad, CE Welch, T Wiens, G Silverstein, J Vallejo, R AF Palti, Y. Rexroad, C. E. Welch, T. Wiens, G. Silverstein, J. Vallejo, R. TI Selective breeding and genetic mapping of disease resistance in rainbow trout SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Palti, Y.; Rexroad, C. E.; Welch, T.; Wiens, G.; Silverstein, J.; Vallejo, R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S298 EP S298 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.157 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500167 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Dekoning, JJ Nichols, KM Rexroad, CE Gahr, S Danzmann, RG Naish, K Drew, RE Thorgaard, GH AF Phillips, R. B. Dekoning, J. J. Nichols, K. M. Rexroad, C. E. Gahr, S. Danzmann, R. G. Naish, K. Drew, R. E. Thorgaard, G. H. TI Assignment of rainbow trout linkage groups to salmonid chromosomes SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Phillips, R. B.; Dekoning, J. J.] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Nichols, K. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rexroad, C. E.; Gahr, S.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Danzmann, R. G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Naish, K.] Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Drew, R. E.; Thorgaard, G. H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S299 EP S300 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.160 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500170 ER PT J AU Silverstein, J Hardy, R Casten, M AF Silverstein, J. Hardy, R. Casten, M. TI Genotype x diet interactions in rainbow trout families fed diets with and without high levels of soybean meal inclusion SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Silverstein, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hardy, R.; Casten, M.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S310 EP S310 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.183 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500193 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML AF Haag, Wendell R. Warren, Melvin L. TI Freshwater mussel assemblage structure in a regulated river in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Basin, USA SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE mussels; Unionidae; reservoir tailwaters; recruitment; habitat stability; impoundment; channel incision ID CHANNEL INCISION; AQUATIC HABITATS; MICROHABITAT USE; UNIONIDAE; POPULATION; PATTERNS; BIVALVIA; REHABILITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE AB 1. This paper documents a diverse, reproducing freshwater mussel community (20 species) in Lower Lake - an impounded, regulated portion of the Little Tallahatchie River below Sardis Dam in Panola Co., Mississippi, USA. 2. Despite being regulated and impounded, the lake has a heterogeneous array of habitats that differ markedly in mussel community attributes. Four distinct habitat types were identified based on current velocity and substrate characteristics, representing a gradient from habitats having lotic characteristics to lentic habitats. All four habitat types supported mussels, but habitats most resembling unimpounded, lotic situations (relatively higher current velocity and coarser substrate) had the highest mussel abundance and species density (10.1 mussels m(-2), 1.8 species m(-2), respectively). Lentic habitats (no flow, fine substrate) were characterized by lower abundance and species density (2.0 mussels m(-2), 0.8 species m(-2), respectively), but supported mussel assemblages distinctive from lotic habitats. 3. Evidence of strong recent recruitment was observed for most species in the lake and was observed in all four habitat types. 4. Although impounded and regulated, Lower Lake represents one of the few areas of stable large-stream habitat in the region. The presence of a diverse, healthy mussel community in this highly modified habitat suggests that a large component of the regional mussel fauna is relatively resilient and adaptable and is limited primarily by the absence of stable river reaches. Management actions that increase stream stability are likely to result in expansion of the mussel fauna and restoration of a valuable component of ecosystem function in this region. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM whaag@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1002/aqc.773 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 128NR UT WOS:000243665100003 ER PT J AU Bee, G Pursel, VG Mitchell, AD Maruyama, K Wells, KD Solomon, MB Wall, RJ Coleman, ME Schwartz, RJ AF Bee, Giuseppe Pursel, Vernon G. Mitchell, Alva D. Maruyama, Kimiaki Wells, Kevin D. Solomon, Morse B. Wall, Robert J. Coleman, Michael E. Schwartz, Robert J. TI Carcass composition and skeletal muscle morphology of swine expressing an insulin-like growth factor I transgene SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor I; growth hormone; pigs; growth; carcass composition; muscle fiber ID EXOGENOUS PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; GROWING-PIGS; IGF-I; FIBER CHARACTERISTICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; DOSE-RESPONSE; HORMONE; TISSUE AB Research was conducted to determine if directing expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) specifically to striated muscle would enhance lean muscle growth in swine. At 120 kg BW, 25 transgenic (T) and 26 control (C) pigs were sacrificed to evaluate carcass composition. T-pigs had lower percentages of fat and higher percentages of lean tissues than C-pigs for the overall carcass and each carcass region (P <= 0.002 for each). Expression of the IGF1 transgene did not alter the percentages of the three fiber types in the five skeletal muscles, however, fiber areas of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and serratus ventralis were larger (P <= 0.031) in T- than in C-pigs. In T-pigs the relative abundance of IGF1 mRNA in gastrocnemius, gluteus medius, LM, and the average for all five skeletal muscles (ASM) was positively (P <= 0.011) correlated with percentage of carcass lean (r = +0.597 to 0.804), whereas the relative abundance of IGF1 mRNA in the LM and the ASM was negatively (P <= 0.047) correlated with average backfat (r = -0.546 and -0.488, respectively). Based on these results we conclude that expression of IGF1 specifically in skeletal muscle had a positive effect on carcass composition of swine. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux, Swiss Fed Res Stn, CH-1725 Posieux, Switzerland. Meiji Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. VPI Corp Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Valentis Inc, The Woodlands, TX USA. Gencell SAS, F-94400 Vitry Sur Seine, France. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bee, G (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM giuseppe.bee@alp.admin.ch; alva.mitchell@ars.usda.gov RI Bee, Giuseppe/F-4955-2010; Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 501 EP 519 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 215TM UT WOS:000249831900008 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Sardesai, N Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, Omprakash Sardesai, Nagesh Shukle, Richard H. TI cDNA cloning and transcriptional expression of a peritrophin-like gene in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor [Say] SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; wheat; peritrophic matrix; gene expression; MdesPERI-A1; midgut ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; PROTEIN; WHEAT; RESISTANCE; MATRIX; LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION; AGGLUTININ; GNA AB One of the well-studied components of the insect gut is the peritrophic matrix (PM). This semipermeable structure primarily functions in digestion, and protection against invasive microorganisms and mechanical damage. We report the cDNA cloning and transcription profiles of a peritrophin-A like gene (designated MdesPERI-A1) in the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor The predicted amino acid sequence of MdesPERI-A1 revealed a putative secretion signal peptide at its amino terminus, similarity to peritrophins from other insects including dipterans, and the presence of two chitin binding domains each containing six cysteine residues. Quantitative expression analysis of MdesPERI-A1 mRNA in different larval tissues revealed the transcript to be predominantly present in the midgut (597.9-fold) compared to other tissues assayed including salivary glands and fat bodies. Spatial expression patterns during development showed a peak expression of MdesPERI-A1 in the feeding second-instars (146-fold) and a decline in expression in the pupal and adult stages. Transcription profiling of MdesPERI-A1 during compatible (larvae on susceptible plants) and incompatible (larvae on resistant plants) interactions with wheat revealed a greater level (1.7-fold) of MdesPERI-A1 transcript in larvae on resistant plants in the initial time point examined. However, MdesPERI-A1 expression declined in larvae on resistant plants at the later time points. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1002/arch.20157 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 122RK UT WOS:000243244000002 PM 17167751 ER PT B AU Smith, KL Graf, CG AF Smith, Karen L. Graf, Charles G. BE Colby, BG Jacobs, KL TI Protecting the Supply Arizona's Water Quality Challenges SO ARIZONA WATER POLICY: MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS IN AN URBANIZING, ARID REGION SE Issues in Water Resource Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHARMACEUTICALS; RIVER C1 [Smith, Karen L.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, Karen L.; Graf, Charles G.] US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Water Resources, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Smith, KL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-933115-34-4 J9 ISSUES WATER RESOURC PY 2007 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BKA58 UT WOS:000267591300009 ER PT B AU Frisvold, GB Wilson, PN Needham, R AF Frisvold, George B. Wilson, Paul N. Needham, Robert BE Colby, BG Jacobs, KL TI Implications of Federal Farm Policy and State Regulation on Agricultural Water Use SO ARIZONA WATER POLICY: MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS IN AN URBANIZING, ARID REGION SE Issues in Water Resource Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY; CONSERVATION; EFFICIENCY; DEPLETION; QUALITY; LAND C1 [Frisvold, George B.; Wilson, Paul N.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Frisvold, George B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Frisvold, George B.] USDAs Econ Res Ser, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Wilson, Paul N.; Needham, Robert] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Wilson, Paul N.] US Bur Reclamat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Frisvold, GB (reprint author), Natl Inst Rural Dev, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-933115-34-4 J9 ISSUES WATER RESOURC PY 2007 BP 137 EP 156 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BKA58 UT WOS:000267591300010 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Mamonov, LK Ryabushkina, N Kustova, TS Fischer, NH Schrader, KK AF Cantrell, Charles L. Mamonov, Leonid K. Ryabushkina, Natalja Kustova, Tatyana S. Fischer, Nikolaus H. Schrader, Kevin K. TI Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-algal constituents from Inula helenium and Limonium myrianthum SO ARKIVOC LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; 2-methylisoborneol; isoalantolactone; alantolactone; nepodin; torachrysone; chrysophanol; physcion ID MISSISSIPPI CATFISH PONDS; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; SELECTIVE ALGICIDES; OFF-FLAVOR; DERIVATIVES; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; EUDESMANOLIDES; CHALYBEA AB Over 70 crude plant extracts, primarily from Kazakhstan, were screened against the freshwater phytoplanktons Oscillatoria perornata and Selenastrum capricornutum. Extracts from Limonium myrianthum and Inula helenium both demonstrated selective inhibition against the odor-producing cyanobacterium O. perornata compared to activity against the green alga S. capricornutum. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the L. myrianthum dichloromethane extract resulted in the identification of nepodin, torachrysone, chrysophanol, and physcion. Nepodin demonstrated the desired selective inhibition with lowest-complete-inhibition concentration values of 100 mu g/mL and > 100 mu g/mL towards O. perornata and S. capricornutum, respectively. Similarly, chrysophanol also demonstrated the desired selective inhibition with lowest-completeinhibition concentration values of 10 mu g/mL and > 100 mu g/mL, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the I. helenium hexane extract resulted in the isolation of alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and 11 alpha H, 13-dihydroisoalantolactone. Activities of these three isolated constituents as well as those of synthetic isomers are reported. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Inst Plant Physiol Genet & Bioengn, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ccantrell@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ARKAT USA INC PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA SN 1424-6376 J9 ARKIVOC JI Arkivoc PY 2007 BP 65 EP 75 PN 7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 204QU UT WOS:000249059900008 ER PT S AU Gao, S Tanji, KK Banuelos, GS AF Gao, S. Tanji, K. K. Banuelos, G. S. BE Bhattacharya, P Mukherjee, AB Bundschuh, J Zevenhoven, R Loeppert, RH TI Processes and conditions affecting elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwaters of Tulare Basin, California, USA SO ARSENIC IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT: BIOGEOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS, HEALTH EFFECTS AND REMEDIATION SE Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; LAKE BED; WATER; SPECIATION; GOETHITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOLUBILITY AB High concentrations of arsenic (As) in the shallow and deep groundwaters of the Tulare Basin in California, USA, pose a hazardous risk to drinking water supplies. Both natural processes and anthropogenic activities affect As concentrations and movement in groundwater in this region. Agricultural activities, particularly irrigation and drainage, enhance As mobilization; and high evapotranspiration rates concentrate As in surface and shallow groundwaters. The complexities of interactions among multi aquifers and water flow present challenges in identifying the source of As and its movement. Important biogeochemical processes affecting As solubility and mobility include adsorption/desorption and redox reactions. The later processes, which transform inorganic arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)], remain poorly understood as to what extent they affect As concentration and its mobilization into groundwater. The presence of impermeable clay layers, e. g., E-clay, and their roles in potentially retarding As movement into deeper aquifers are also not well understood because significant increase of vertical leakage was predicted by computer modeling due to drilling of many irrigation wells penetrating impermeable clay layers. Future research on the reactivity of As with sediments through biogeochemical processes under natural physical setting conditions, as well as reactive transport modeling are necessary to better our understanding of As mobility and contamination in the groundwaters of the Tulare Basin. C1 [Gao, S.; Banuelos, G. S.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Tanji, K. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5215 BN 978-0-08-052290-6 J9 TRACE METALS OTHER JI Trace Metals Contam. Env. PY 2007 VL 9 BP 383 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0927-5215(06)09015-1 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCT40 UT WOS:000311351700016 ER PT J AU Yokelson, RJ Karl, T Artaxo, P Blake, DR Christian, TJ Griffith, DWT Guenther, A Hao, WM AF Yokelson, R. J. Karl, T. Artaxo, P. Blake, D. R. Christian, T. J. Griffith, D. W. T. Guenther, A. Hao, W. M. TI The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment: overview and airborne fire emission factor measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; DRY-SEASON; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE AB The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE) used laboratory measurements followed by airborne and ground based field campaigns during the 2004 Amazon dry season to quantify the emissions from pristine tropical forest and several plantations as well as the emissions, fuel consumption, and fire ecology of tropical deforestation fires. The airborne campaign used an Embraer 110B aircraft outfitted with whole air sampling in canisters, mass-calibrated nephelometry, ozone by UV absorbance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton-transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to measure PM10, O-3, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, HONO, HCN, NH3, OCS, DMS, CH4, and up to 48 non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). The Brazilian smoke/haze layers extended to 2 - 3 km altitude, which is much lower than the 5 - 6 km observed at the same latitude, time of year, and local time in Africa in 2000. Emission factors (EF) were computed for the 19 tropical deforestation fires sampled and they largely compare well to previous work. However, the TROFFEE EF are mostly based on a much larger number of samples than previously available and they also include results for significant emissions not previously reported such as: nitrous acid, acrylonitrile, pyrrole, methylvinylketone, methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, methylethylketone, methylpropanal, '' acetol plus methylacetate,'' furaldehydes, dimethylsulfide, and C-1-C-4 alkyl nitrates. Thus, we recommend these EF for all tropical deforestation fires. The NMOC emissions were similar to 80% reactive, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC). Our EF for PM10 (17.8 +/- 4 g/kg) is similar to 25% higher than previously reported for tropical forest fires and may reflect a trend towards, and sampling of, larger fires than in earlier studies. A large fraction of the total burning for 2004 likely occurred during a two-week period of very low humidity. The combined output of these fires created a massive '' mega-plume '' > 500 km across that we sampled on 8 September. The mega-plume contained high PM10 and 10 - 50 ppbv of many reactive species such as O-3, NH3, NO2, CH3OH, and organic acids. This is an intense and globally important chemical processing environment that is still poorly understood. The mega-plume or '' white ocean '' of smoke covered a large area in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay for about one month. The smoke was transported > 2000 km to the southeast while remaining concentrated enough to cause a 3 - 4-fold increase in aerosol loading in the S (a) over tildeo Paulo area for several days. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Phys, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 78 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 19 BP 5175 EP 5196 DI 10.5194/acp-7-5175-2007 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235MS UT WOS:000251239000010 ER PT J AU Yokelson, RJ Urbanski, SP Atlas, EL Toohey, DW Alvarado, EC Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO Fisher, ME Wold, CE Campos, TL Adachi, K Buseck, PR Hao, WM AF Yokelson, R. J. Urbanski, S. P. Atlas, E. L. Toohey, D. W. Alvarado, E. C. Crounse, J. D. Wennberg, P. O. Fisher, M. E. Wold, C. E. Campos, T. L. Adachi, K. Buseck, P. R. Hao, W. M. TI Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INDIVIDUAL AEROSOL-PARTICLES; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AIR-QUALITY; ACETIC-ACID; FUELS AB The emissions of NOx (defined as NO (nitric oxide) + NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), per unit amount of fuel burned, from fires in the pine forests that dominate the mountains surrounding Mexico City (MC) are about 2 times higher than normally observed for forest burning. The ammonia (NH3) emissions are about average for forest burning. The upper limit for the mass ratio of NOx to volatile organic compounds (VOC) for these MC-area mountain fires was similar to 0.38, which is similar to the NOx/VOC ratio in the MC urban area emissions inventory of 0.34, but much larger than the NOx/VOC ratio for tropical forest fires in Brazil (similar to 0.068). The nitrogen enrichment in the fire emissions may be due to deposition of nitrogen-containing pollutants in the outflow from the MC urban area. This effect may occur worldwide wherever biomass burning coexists with large urban areas (e.g. the tropics, southeastern US, Los Angeles Basin). The molar emission ratio of HCN to carbon monoxide (CO) for the mountain fires was 0.012 +/- 0.007, which is 2-9 times higher than widely used literature values for biomass burning. The ambient molar ratio HCN/CO in the MC-area outflow is about 0.003 +/- 0.0003. Thus, if only mountain fires emit significant amounts of HCN, these fires may be contributing about 25% of the CO production in the MC-area (similar to 98-100 W and 19-20 N). Comparing the PM10/CO and PM2.5/CO mass ratios in the MC Metropolitan Area emission inventory (0.0115 and 0.0037) to the PM1/CO mass ratio for the mountain fires (0.133) then suggests that these fires could produce as much as similar to 79-92% of the primary fine particle mass generated in the MC-area. Considering both the uncertainty in the HCN/CO ratios and secondary aerosol formation in the urban and fire emissions implies that about 50 +/- 30% of the ''aged'' fine particle mass in the March 2006 MC-area outflow could be from these fires. C1 [Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci & Geol Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Adachi, Kouji/A-2321-2008; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068 NR 55 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 21 BP 5569 EP 5584 DI 10.5194/acp-7-5569-2007 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235MX UT WOS:000251239500007 ER PT J AU Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT AF Linkhart, Brian D. Reynolds, Richard T. TI Return rate, fidelity, and dispersal in a breeding population of flammulated owls (Otus flammeolus) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE breeding dispersal; Flammulated Owl; mate fidelity; Otus flammeolus; return rates; site fidelity; territory fidelity ID CONSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; SITE FIDELITY; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; TERRITORY QUALITY; HABITAT SELECTION; NATAL DISPERSAL; MATING SYSTEMS; MATE FIDELITY; GREAT TIT AB We estimated annual return rate, fidelity, and breeding dispersal in a migratory population of Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) in central Colorado. Return rates, based on capture-recapture histories of 39 males and 52 females from 1981 to 2003, were higher for males (84%) than for females (45%). Annual recapture probability was higher for females, because breeders are easier to capture than nonbreeders and females always attempted to nest, whereas some males were unpaired (did not nest) for up to four years. Territory fidelity was male biased (92%, vs. 56% for females, adjusted for undetected emigration), and mean tenure on territories was more than twice as long for males as for females. Females, but not males, had lower return rates to territories in the year following nesting failure compared with females whose nests were successful. Most males appeared to occupy one territory their entire reproductive lives, countering predictions of habitat-selection models that individuals should move to higher-quality habitats when they become available. We estimated that 74% of pairs retained the same mate in consecutive nesting attempts, but mates that bred together for multiple years had no reproductive advantages over mates that bred together for the first time. In most cases, females dispersed from territories if their mates did not return. When females dispersed, they went to territories where total productivity over the study and lifetime reproductive success of new mates were higher than on original territories, which supports the hypothesis that dispersal by females increases individual fitness. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linkhart, BD (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM blinkhart@coloradocollege.edu RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 68 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[264:RRFADI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 131GF UT WOS:000243855900022 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Ariss, JJ AF Vandemark, G. J. Ariss, J. J. TI Examining interactions between legumes and Aphanomyces euteiches with real-time PCR SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Australasian Soilborne Diseases Symposium CY SEP, 2006 CL Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND DE alfalfa; disease resistance; pea; quantitative PCR ID ROOT-ROT; QUANTITATIVE PCR; PISUM-SATIVUM; PEA LINES; STEM ROT; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ALFALFA; MARKERS; POLYMERASE AB Real-time PCR has many applications in the study of host-pathogen interactions including improving the resolution of disease screening programs in selecting highly resistant plants. Identifying the earliest time in the disease process that real-time PCR can be used to reliably identify resistant genotypes will optimise applications of these assays in resistance breeding. Experiments were performed to examine the accumulation of Aphanomyces euteiches in resistant and susceptible pea populations at several different time points (7, 10 and 14 days) during the progress of disease progression. At all times, significantly more A. euteiches DNA was detected in the susceptible cultivar Bolero than in the resistant germplasm 90-2079. The earliest significant correlation between disease severity and pathogen DNA quantity was observed 14 days after inoculation. In both resistant and susceptible populations, the quantity of A. euteiches DNA reached a maximum at 7 days, and then decreased in a fairly linear manner over time. These observations provide evidence that A. euteiches is a biotrophic organism that primarily produces mycelia early in the disease cycle. These results suggest that control measures be targeted to disrupt the pathogen early in the process of disease to reduce the production of oospores that serve as subsequent field inoculum. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM gvandemark@pars.urs.usda.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1071/AP06090 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 142LD UT WOS:000244650400003 ER PT J AU VanDersal, JM AF VanDersal, Jeanne M. TI Managing plant diseases offshore SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Conference of the Australasian-Plant-Pathology-Society CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Australasian Plant Pathol Soc AB Managing exotic plant diseases and other potential pests imported into the United States (US) on incoming cargo is an on-going challenge for many countries including the US. The primary exclusionary strategy used by the US for exotic pathogens is inspection of arriving cargo and passengers at ports of entry. In spite of these efforts, introductions of many exotic pests have occurred through numerous ports of entry resulting in costly eradication efforts by Government and US industry. In an effort to moderate these risks, the US is focusing on offshore strategies. One offshore strategy developed first as a pilot project and currently as an ongoing project is known as the Offshore Pest Information System (OPIS). OPIS is a secure web-based information sharing tool that allows users to communicate in an organised manner about offshore plant and animal health events and issues. OPIS was designed to allow the US to quickly and effectively respond to offshore plant pests that could potentially threaten the US. C1 USDA APHIS, Program Policy & Dev, Risk Anal Syst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP VanDersal, JM (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Program Policy & Dev, Risk Anal Syst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Jeanne.M.VanDersal@usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.1071/AP07065 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 225HW UT WOS:000250508700004 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB AF Goodwin, Stephen B. TI Back to basics and beyond: increasing the level of resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Conference of the Australasian-Plant-Pathology-Society CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Australasian Plant Pathol Soc ID PATHOGEN MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; HOST CULTIVARS; LEAF BLOTCH; DURUM-WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE AB Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici), is one of the most ubiquitous and important diseases of wheat worldwide. Losses to STB can range from 30 to 50% in disease-conducive climates. Little progress was made in increasing the level of resistance to STB in wheat prior to 1990, due to a variety of factors, including slow growth of the pathogen in culture, long latent period of the disease, the need for specific environmental conditions for infection, and variability in symptom expression, which complicated the scoring of inoculated plants. To identify and map genes for resistance to STB in the wheat genome, to understand how they function in their interactions with the pathogen and, ultimately, to increase the level of resistance so that the disease can be managed without extensive use of fungicides, crosses between parents differing in response to STB were made or obtained from collaborators for the resistance genes Stb1, Stb2, Stb3, Stb4 and Stb8. Plants were grown and inoculated with one or more isolates of M. graminicola in a greenhouse. The five targeted resistance genes Stb1 -Stb4 and Stb8 were mapped to wheat chromosomes 5BL, 3BS, 6DS, 4DS, and 7BL, respectively. All of the genes had at least one linked microsatellite locus, and two of them (Stb2 and Stb8) were mapped between flanking microsatellites. These experiments plus those in other laboratories worldwide have determined the map locations for 12 genes for resistance to STB in wheat during the past 7 years. Most of these genes have associated molecular markers that will be useful for future marker-assisted selection. These analyses were aided by accurate phenotypic analysis, which remains the most difficult part of the process. Technological approaches for improving phenotypic evaluation show promise, including measuring fungal biomass and estimating expression of host genes that are associated with disease resistance by real-time PCR, but they will work better when augmented with improved methods of plant inoculation. Although there is still a great need for more markers, additional mapped genes, and a better understanding of defence responses, recent results now provide the basis for rapid progress in increasing the level of resistance to STB in wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu NR 53 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 532 EP 538 DI 10.1071/AP07068 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 225HW UT WOS:000250508700006 ER PT J AU Steffenson, BJ Olivera, P Roy, JK Jin, Y Smith, KP Muehlbauer, GJ AF Steffenson, Brian J. Olivera, Pablo Roy, Joy K. Jin, Yue Smith, Kevin P. Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI A walk on the wild side: mining wild wheat and barley collections for rust resistance genes SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control CY SEP, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Grains Res Dev Corporat DE allele mining; linkage disequilibrium; wild species; disease resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LEAF RUST; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; STEM RUST; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STRIPE RUST; AEGILOPS-SHARONENSIS AB Leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust are among the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide and are best controlled using genetic resistance. To increase the diversity of rust resistance in wheat and barley, a project was initiated to identify and characterise rust resistance genes from the wild species of Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum (wild barley), respectively. One hundred and two accessions of Sharon goatgrass from Israel and 318 Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) accessions from the Fertile Crescent, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Caucasus region were evaluated for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, and/ or stripe rust. Sharon goatgrass exhibited a wide range of infection types (ITs) in response to leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust. The percentage of resistant accessions in Sharon goatgrass was 58.8 - 78.4% for leaf rust, 11.8 - 69.6% for stem rust, and 46.1% for stripe rust, depending on the race used and the plant growth stage. Genetic studies with Sharon goatgrass revealed oligogenic resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. Wild barley also exhibited a wide range of ITs to leaf rust and stem rust; however, the overall frequency of resistance was lower than for Sharon goatgrass. The percentage of resistant accessions in wild barley was 25.8% for leaf rust and 5.7 - 20.1% for stem rust, depending on the race used. Resistance to the new virulent stem rust race TTKS (i. e. Ug99), present in eastern Africa, was found in both Sharon goatgrass (70% of accessions) and wild barley (25% of 20 accessions tested). Association mapping for stem rust resistance was applied in the WBDC using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Using the highly conservative P value threshold of 0.001, 14 and 15 signi. cant marker associationswere detectedwhen the number of subpopulations (K value) was set for 10 and 8, respectively. These signi. cant associations were in 9 and 8 unique chromosome bins, respectively. Two signi. cant marker associations were detected for resistance to thewheat stem rust raceMCCF in the same bin as the rpg4/ Rpg5 complex on chromosome 7( 5H). The presence of a major stem rust resistance gene in this bin on chromosome 7(5H) was validated in a bi- parental mapping population ( WBDC accession Damon x cv. Harrington) constructed with DArT markers. The results from this study indicate that Sharon goatgrass and wild barley are rich sources of rust resistance genes for cultivated wheat and barley improvement, respectively, and that association mapping may be useful for positioning disease resistance genes in wild barley. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Steffenson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bsteffen@umn.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 72 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 6 BP 532 EP 544 DI 10.1071/AR07123 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 182FB UT WOS:000247489400011 ER PT J AU Wan, AM Chen, XM He, ZH AF Wan, A. M. Chen, X. M. He, Z. H. TI Wheat stripe rust in China SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control CY SEP, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Grains Res Dev Corporat DE Triticum aestivum; wheat stripe (yellow) rust; epidemiology; disease management ID F-SP TRITICI; RESISTANCE GENE YR10; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; YELLOW RUST; DURABLE RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; MONOSOMIC ANALYSES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS AB China has the largest stripe rust epidemic region in the world in terms of wheat acreage affected by the disease. Extensive studies on the epidemiology and management of stripe rust have been carried out since the widespread occurrence of the disease in the 1950s. Fifteen epidemic zones were classified, based on factors influencing the occurrence of wheat stripe rust. The disease can spread inter-regionally, mainly fromwest to east and from south to north. Winter-wheat growing regions in the north-west, south-west, and north, and spring-wheat growing regions in the north-west are the major epidemic areas. Hotspots of wheat stripe rust are mainly located in south-eastern Gansu and north-western Sichuan, and these areas constitute the inoculum base, centre of diversity, and major over-summering areas of the pathogen. Successful control in over-summering areas is the key to achieving sustainable management of stripe rust in China. Pathogen variability and race virulence have been monitored continuously, and the resistance genetics and background of Chinese wheat cultivars analysed. Effective management of stripe rust includes resistance breeding and application, diversification and deployment of various resistance genes, use of chemicals, adoption of appropriate agricultural practice, and integrated disease management in ` hotspot' regions. Collaboration of scientists among various organisations and disciplines is vital. We discuss the progress and challenges of wheat stripe rust management in China. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Wan, AM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM anmin.wan@163.com NR 160 TC 85 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 6 BP 605 EP 619 DI 10.1071/AR06142 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 182FB UT WOS:000247489400020 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Jin, Y Long, DL AF Kolmer, J. A. Jin, Y. Long, D. L. TI Wheat leaf and stem rust in the United States SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control CY SEP, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Grains Res Dev Corporat DE race specific resistance; specific virulence; Puccinia triticina; Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici. ID F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; SPRING WHEAT; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM; VIRULENCE PHENOTYPES; WINTER WHEATS; COMMON WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT AB Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is a common and widespread disease of wheat in the US. On an annual basis, over 50 races of the leaf rust fungus are detected. There are at least 5 major groups of genetically distinct P. triticina isolates in the US based on allelic variation at microsatellite loci. Distinct regional race populations of P. triticina are found in the US, due to the widespread use of race-specific leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes in different market classes of wheat. In the south-eastern States where soft red winter wheats are grown, races with virulence to Lr9, Lr11, and Lr18 are predominant. In the southern Great Plains region where hard red winter wheats are grown, races with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr17, Lr24, and Lr26 are common. In the northern Great Plains region where hard red spring wheats are grown, races with virulence to Lr2a and Lr16 are common. Due to the wide dispersal of P. triticina, some races are found in all regions of the US. Highly effective durable resistance to leaf rust has been dif. cult to achieve due to the high degree of virulence variation in the P. triticina population and the rapid selection of races with virulence to effective Lr genes in wheat cultivars. Hard red spring wheat cultivars with genes Lr16, Lr23, and Lr34 have been highly resistant for more than 10 years in Minnesota and the Dakotas. Stem rust, caused by P. graminis f. sp. tritici, has not been a common disease of wheat in the US since the last major epidemics in the 1950s. The low levels of stem rust infections in the US can be attributed to the increasing use of highly resistant winter and spring wheat cultivars, which has greatly reduced the overall level of stem rust urediniospores. Eradication of the alternate host, Berberis vulgaris, has reduced the number of races and slowed the emergence of new races. Resistance genes Sr2, Sr6, Sr17, Sr24, Sr31, Sr36, and SrTmp are common in the winter wheats. Genes Sr6, Sr9b, Sr11, and Sr17 are common in the spring wheats. Spring wheat cultivars may also have adult plant stem rust resistance derived from cv. Thatcher. Many of the winter and spring wheats are susceptible to the new stem rust race from East Africa; however, cultivars with resistance to this race can be found in each of the major wheat classes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 48 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 6 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1071/AR07057 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 182FB UT WOS:000247489400022 ER PT J AU Chen, XM AF Chen, X. M. TI Challenges and solutions for stripe rust control in the United States SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control CY SEP, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Grains Res Dev Corporat DE epidemiology; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; yellow rust ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP HORDEI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; WHEAT CULTIVARS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICA; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; GENE-ACTION; LEAF RUST AB Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has been one of the most destructive diseases on wheat in the western USA since the late 1950s and has become increasingly important in the central and south-eastern USA since 2000. Stripe rust of barley, caused by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, a relatively new disease, has established and caused severe damage in the south-central and western states since the pathogen was first reported in Texas in 1991. Stripe rusts of wheat and barley have been monitored by trap nurseries and by. eld surveys. Collections of stripe rust from wheat, barley, triticale, and grasses have been tested on a set of 20 wheat differential genotypes for identifying races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and a set of 12 barley differential genotypes for identifying races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei. In total, 62 new races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and 22 new races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei have been identified since 2000. Germplasm and breeding lines of wheat and barley have been tested every year under natural infection in the. eld and with selected races in the greenhouse. Combinations of durable high- temperature, adult-plant resistance with effective all-stage resistance should provide more effective stripe rust control and reduce the use of fungicides. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 54 TC 76 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 6 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1071/AR07045 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 182FB UT WOS:000247489400024 ER PT J AU Meinke, H Sivakumar, MVK Motha, RP Nelson, R AF Meinke, Holger Sivakumar, M. V. K. Motha, Raymond P. Nelson, Rohan TI Preface: Climate predictions for better agricultural risk management SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wageningen, Dept Plant Sci, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. World Agr Outlook Board, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Meinke, H (reprint author), Univ Wageningen, Dept Plant Sci, POB 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Meinke, Holger/C-7215-2013 OI Meinke, Holger/0000-0003-2657-3264 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 10 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.1071/ARv58n10_PR PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 225HQ UT WOS:000250508100002 ER PT J AU Motha, RP AF Motha, Raymond P. TI Implications of climate change on long-lead forecasting and global agriculture SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Expert Team Workshop on Impact of Climate Change/Variability and Medium- to Long-Range Predictions for Agriculture CY FEB 15-18, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, WMO DE natural disasters; drought; inter-annual prediction; climate scenarios; adaptation strategies; climate risk management ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ENSO AB Variations in crop yields and agricultural productivity are strongly influenced by fluctuations in seasonal weather conditions during the growing season. The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, and other similar ocean/atmosphere teleconnections in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, contribute to extreme weather events and climatic variability. As seasonal forecasting skills improve with greater knowledge of these teleconnections and improved Global Circulation Models (GCMs), farmers and agricultural planners will be able to make better use of long- lead forecasts for strategic decisions in agriculture. Issues related to climate variability and climate change pose significant risks to agriculture as the frequency of natural disasters tends to increase worldwide. C1 USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Motha, RP (reprint author), USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, 1400 Ind Ave,SW,Room 4441,S Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rmotha@oce.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 10 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1071/AR06104 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 225HQ UT WOS:000250508100003 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Schneider, JM AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Schneider, Jeanne M. TI Climate forecast and prediction product dissemination for agriculture in the United States SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Expert Team Workshop on Impact of Climate Change/Variability and Medium- to Long-Range Predictions for Agriculture CY FEB 15-18, 2005 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, WMO DE application; decision ID SEASONAL-PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; DECISION-SUPPORT; WATER-RESOURCES; RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; SYSTEM; GCM; INFORMATION; OCEAN; EAST AB A wealth of climate forecast information and related prediction products are available, but impediments to adoption of these products by ranchers and farmers in the Unites States remain to be addressed. Impediments for agricultural applications include modest forecast skill, limited climate predictability, inappropriate forecast scale for site-specific applications, difficulties in interpretation of probabilistic forecasts by farmers and integration into agricultural decision systems, uncertainty about the value and effect of forecast information in multi-variable decision system, and generally low frequency of relevant forecasts. Various research institutions have conducted case studies of climate effects on agricultural production systems, particularly effects of historical ENSO signals in the south- eastern United States. Several studies addressed risk and economic values of seasonal climate forecasts, and others bridged the gap between current forecasting software and products and agricultural applications. These studies attest to the availability and suitability of forecast and impact- prediction software, as well as derived products for agricultural applications. Yet, little attention has been given to operational and application-specific prediction products for general agricultural use, and to an effective and affordable delivery system that reaches and resonates with the agricultural end-user (a prerequisite for adoption). The two latter impediments are the focus of this paper. Two existing approaches, the top- down and the participatory end-to-end approach for development and delivery of prediction products, are reviewed. A third approach, the hybrid approach, is emphasised and uses the top-down approach for climate forecast delivery and a participatory approach for development and delivery of farm-specific prediction information for the agricultural end-user. Suitability of such prediction products for agricultural applications and constraints to successful adoption are also discussed. C1 Grazinglands Res Lab, ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), Grazinglands Res Lab, ARS, USDA, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 10 BP 966 EP 974 DI 10.1071/AR06191 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 225HQ UT WOS:000250508100006 ER PT J AU Fiedler, PL Keever, ME Grewell, BJ Partridge, DJ AF Fiedler, Peggy L. Keever, Megan E. Grewell, Brenda J. Partridge, Douglas J. TI Rare plants in the Golden Gate Estuary (California): the relationship between scale and understanding SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Plant Conservation Biology - Implications for Management and Restoration CY OCT 25-27, 2005 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA ID MISSOURI PRAIRIE; COMMON GRASSES; SPARSE; ABUNDANCE; PERSISTENCE; ABILITIES; RARITY AB We analysed 10 rare-plant projects conducted from 1982 to 2005 for trends in scientific findings, project costs, effort and efficacy. Our purpose was to determine whether generalisations about these factors can be found, and if so, whether they might be useful for designing and implementing successful future rare-plant endeavours. Analysis results revealed that rare plant species persist despite their restriction to a highly fragmented and degraded urbanised estuary of more than seven million people. Also important were the findings that with sufficient funding, successful rare-plant reintroduction is possible in the short-term at minimum. Habitat considerations, however, are paramount-i.e. habitat requirements of a rare species should be known before reintroduction for the restoration effort to be likely to be successful. Understanding ecosystem functions that support rare species, therefore, remains the highest priority for rare-plant restorationists. Project costs varied significantly, as expected, but a 'middle ground' provides necessary and sufficient funding to conduct most rare-plant work for one or a few species. Costs rise, but not linearly, when additional rare taxa are included. Given our experience is applicable elsewhere, taking an ecosystem approach to protection of rare flora is most successful and cost effective. C1 WSP Environm Strategies LLC, Ecpsyst Sci & Restorat Sci, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Lab, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bouck & Lee Inc, Blasland, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. RP Fiedler, PL (reprint author), WSP Environm Strategies LLC, Ecpsyst Sci & Restorat Sci, 160 Franklin St,Suite 300, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM peggy.fiedler@wspgroup.com NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1924 J9 AUST J BOT JI Aust. J. Bot. PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.1071/BT06069 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169CX UT WOS:000246571400003 ER PT J AU Gourley, CJP Powell, JM Dougherty, WJ Weaver, DM AF Gourley, C. J. P. Powell, J. M. Dougherty, W. J. Weaver, D. M. TI Nutrient budgeting as an approach to improving nutrient management on Australian dairy farms SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE nitrogen; phosphorus ID ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS; FERTILIZER USE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; AGRICULTURE; BALANCES; PASTURES; LOSSES; SUSTAINABILITY; PERSPECTIVES AB Dairy farming in Australia continues to intensify. Increased stocking rates have resulted in increased milk production per ha, but have also required greater inputs of purchased feed and fertiliser. The imbalance between nutrient inputs, primarily as feed and fertiliser, and nutrient outputs, in milk and livestock, has resulted in significant nutrient accumulation on dairy farms and, consequently, a greater risk of nutrient loss to the environment. Nutrient budgeting is a technique used to quantify or predict nutrient deficits or surpluses, either at a whole- farm or field scale, in an attempt to improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce nutrient losses from agriculture. A broad range of nutrient budgeting approaches are used internationally, and depending on their purpose, they vary from the very simple to the very complex. Nutrient budgeting has been widely used to assist on- farm nutrient management decisions, in research to identify major nutrient pools, transformations and losses, to enable farmers to access cost- sharing support from governments, and in some countries as a major regulatory tool. The changing nature of Australian dairy operations, the increasing societal pressure on the farming community to reduce nutrient losses to water and air, and the need to provide evidence that farm practices are meeting environmental standards, justifies the need for improved nutrient management practices on Australian dairy farms. This paper describes different types of nutrient budgeting approaches used internationally and assesses the benefits of developing a practical, scientifically rigorous and nationally standardised nutrient budgeting approach for the Australian dairy industry. C1 Ellibank Ctr, Dept Primary Ind, Ellibank, Vic 3821, Australia. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NSW Dept Primary Ind, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. Dept Agr Food, Albany, WA 6330, Australia. RP Gourley, CJP (reprint author), Ellibank Ctr, Dept Primary Ind, 1301 Hazeldean Rd, Ellibank, Vic 3821, Australia. EM cameron.gourley@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Weaver, David/D-3868-2011 NR 64 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1064 EP 1074 DI 10.1071/EA07017 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 197UO UT WOS:000248582200007 ER PT J AU Venuto, BC Croughan, SS Pitman, WD Jessup, RW Renganayaki, K Burson, BL AF Venuto, B. C. Croughan, S. S. Pitman, W. D. Jessup, R. W. Renganayaki, K. Burson, B. L. TI Variation among hexaploid Paspalum dilatatum Poir. regenerants from tissue culture SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID DALLISGRASS BIOTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MARKERS; AFLP; SUPPLEMENTATION; RENOVATION; LACTATION; RESPONSES; PASTURES; RAPDS AB The common biotype of Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (dallisgrass) is a pentaploid obligate apomict and efforts to improve the grass have not been successful because of its asexual reproduction and irregular meiosis. An apomictic hexaploid biotype, known as Uruguayan dallisgrass, is a new source of genetic variation that may be useful in improving dallisgrass. As with common dallisgrass, improvement of this biotype via conventional breeding methods is difficult because of its apomictic reproduction. However, the use of tissue culture to produce somaclonal variation in the Uruguayan biotype has not been reported, and may offer a means for improving the species. The objectives of this research were to: (i) regenerate plants of Uruguayan dallisgrass through tissue culture, (ii) screen the regenerants for useful agronomic variation and evaluate their forage potential and nutritive value, and (iii) determine the genetic relatedness of the regenerants and their explant sources. In total, 178 plants, selected from 2372 regenerants in preliminary screening, were evaluated for forage nutritive value. Thirty- seven of these were planted into replicated field plot trials at two locations. None of these regenerants were superior to the Uruguayan biotype for forage nutritive value. However, two regenerants, 3440 and 3441, produced more forage than either the Uruguayan or common biotypes in evaluation tests for 3 years at one of the two locations. Data from AFLP analyses indicate genetic variation between two of the Uruguayan accessions and these two regenerants. This variation could account for the differences in forage yield between 3440 and 3441 and the Uruguayan accessions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Rose Res Stn, Crowley, LA 70527 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Rose Res Stn, Crowley, LA 70659 USA. USDA, ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Venuto, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM bvenuto@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.1071/EA06337 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 197UO UT WOS:000248582200013 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP Klonsky, K Shrestha, A Fry, R Dusault, A Beyer, J Harben, R AF Mitchell, J. P. Klonsky, K. Shrestha, A. Fry, R. Dusault, A. Beyer, J. Harben, R. TI Adoption of conservation tillage in California: current status and future perspectives SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; SOIL AB While there have been several similarities between the development of cropping systems in Australia and California ( including climate, the need for irrigation and very diverse, highly specialised crop rotations), the historical patterns of conservation tillage development in the two regions have been quite different. Current estimates indicate that conservation tillage ( CT) practices are used on less than 2% of annual crop acreage in California's Central Valley. Tillage management systems have changed relatively little since irrigation and cropping intensification began throughout this region, more than 60 years ago. The University of California ( UC) and United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service ( NRCS) CT Workgroup is a diverse group of UC, NRCS, farmer, private sector, environmental group and other public agency people. It has provided wide- ranging services aimed at developing information on reduced tillage alternatives for California's production valleys. In a short span of 7 years, the CT Workgroup has grown to over 1000 members and has conducted over 60 demonstration evaluations of CT systems. While CT is still quite new in California, a growing number of farmers has become increasingly interested in it, for both economic and environmental reasons. They are now pursuing a wide range of activities and approaches aimed at developing sustainable CT systems. As successful CT systems continue to be demonstrated, the rate of adoption is expected to increase. C1 Univ Calif, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, NRCS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sustain Conservat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. USDA, NRCS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Calif Assoc Res Conservat Dist, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mitchell@uckac.edu NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 2007 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1388 DI 10.1071/EA07044 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 231XK UT WOS:000250982300001 ER PT J AU Zribi, K Badri, Y Saidi, S van Berkum, P Aouani, ME AF Zribi, K. Badri, Y. Saidi, S. van Berkum, P. Aouani, M. E. TI Medicago ciliaris growing in Tunisian soils is preferentially nodulated by Sinorhizobium medicae SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Medicago ciliaris; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Sinorhizobium medicae; PCR/RFLP; REP-PCR; nodule occupancy; symbiosis ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; MELILOTI POPULATIONS; S-MEDICAE; RHIZOBIUM; TRUNCATULA; STRAINS; SATIVA; BACTERIA; SYMBIONTS; EVOLUTION AB Variation in growth of Medicago ciliaris was recorded across soils from 5 different regions in Tunisia that represented different soil types and climatic zones. In 4 of these soils ( Mateur, Enfidha, Rhayet, and Soliman) this variation appeared to be related to the nodule number on the roots of the plants. With the exception of one isolate the rhizobia isolated from these nodules had 16S rRNAPCR- RFLP fingerprint patterns that were characteristic of Sinorhizobium medicae. Plant growth in the fifth soil ( Jelma) was the poorest; plants had few nodules that yielded exclusively rhizobia with 16S rRNA fingerprint patterns characteristic of S. meliloti. In subsequent plant tests, S. medicae isolates formed effective nitrogen fixation symbioses with M. ciliaris, while S. meliloti formed small, white, ineffective nodules. Therefore, plant growth in Jelma soil was poor because only S. meliloti are present and this species is ineffective with M. ciliaris. In a co- inoculation experiment with M. ciliaris, S. medicae was more competitive for nodulation than S. meliloti, perhaps explaining why the majority of the isolates from Enfidha and Rhayet were S. medicae, since S. meliloti is present in these soils. However, it is not clear how the host influences rhizobia for nodulation by S. medicae in preference to S. meliloti when present. C1 Ctr Biotechnol, Lab Interact Legumineuses Microorgan, Tunis, Tunisia. USDA, ARS, BARC, SGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zribi, K (reprint author), Ctr Biotechnol, Lab Interact Legumineuses Microorgan, Technopole Borj Cedria,BP901, Tunis, Tunisia. EM kais.zribi@cbbc.rnrt.tn OI Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi/0000-0001-9502-7203 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9573 J9 AUST J SOIL RES JI Aust. J. Soil Res. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1071/SR07083 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 213UV UT WOS:000249693500011 ER PT J AU Foye, OT Ferket, PR Uni, Z AF Foye, O. T. Ferket, P. R. Uni, Z. TI Ontogeny of energy and carbohydrate utilisation of the precocial avian embryo and hatchling SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE turkey; ontogeny of energy; carbohydrate utilisation; precocial avian embryo and hatchling ID SMALL-INTESTINAL DEVELOPMENT; HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE; BROILER SMALL-INTESTINE; POSTHATCH HOLDING TIME; SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TURKEY POULTS; CHICK-EMBRYO; GLYCOGEN-METABOLISM; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS AB Unlike the mammalian fetus, the developing chick embryo must rely upon the nutrients provided by the egg independently of maternal influence. Nutrient transfer from the mother to the embryo is completed before the egg is laid, with the egg containing all the nutrients needed for embryonic growth and development. The in ovo nutriture of the chick embryo consists mainly of yolk fat with traces of carbohydrates. However, glucose is the primary source of energy needed to fuel embryonic development and growth. Therefore, the avian embryo relies upon hepatic gluconeogenesis as the primary mechanism for glucose production. The gluconeogenic pathways are highly active during embryonic development and decline post-hatch. Post-hatch, glycolysis is critical for the survival of young hatchlings, while poults are adapting to an external carbohydrate-rich diet. It is often during this critical post-hatch period that glycogen reserves are rapidly depleted and may adversely affect growth and increase early mortality. However, with immediate access to feed, hatchlings may replenish their glycogen reserves, providing the energy needed for optimal growth performance post-hatch. C1 [Foye, O. T.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ferket, P. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Uni, Z.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Foye, OT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, ABBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ondulla.Foye-Jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.3184/147020607X296033 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 372OO UT WOS:000260911100003 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika Richards, Mark P. TI 5 '-AMP-activated protein kinase in avian biology SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE 5 '-AMP-activated protein kinase; AMPK; chicken; energy balance; food intake; hypothalamus; LKB1 ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; GAMMA-SUBUNIT ISOFORMS; ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CELLULAR-ENERGY; FOOD-INTAKE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MAMMALIAN TARGET; IN-VITRO; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION AB To survive and perform basic metabolic processes, all living organisms must maintain a state of energy balance. Energy balance is achieved by increasing energy expenditure during periods of energy excess and decreasing energy expenditure during periods of energy deficit. In this review, we focus on 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric enzyme complex consisting of one catalytic and two regulatory subunits that is a key component in the pathway maintaining cellular and whole body energy balance. AMPK is widely expressed in mammalian as well as avian tissues. In response to states of negative energy balance, AMPK is activated through phosphorylation by upstream AMPK kinases. It then acts to increase the activities of those metabolic pathways that generate energy while decreasing the activities of energy-consuming pathways. As a result, AMPK is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. AMPK achieves its metabolic effects acutely by direct phosphorylation of many downstream target proteins and, long-term, by regulation of transcription factor and co-activator activities which leads to changes in gene transcription. AMPK responds not only to fluctuations in cellular energy level, but also to specific nutrients and hormones and thereby participates in the regulation of whole body energy balance and food intake. Recent work has begun to define the AMPK pathway in avian species where it most likely plays a similar role in maintaining energy balance and controlling food intake as it has been reported to do in mammals. C1 [Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika; Richards, Mark P.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 206,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Richards@ars.usda.gov NR 112 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 123 EP 145 DI 10.3184/147020607X314294 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 305TY UT WOS:000256201900003 ER PT J AU Senne, DA AF Senne, Dennis A. TI Avian influenza in North and South America, 2002-2005 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza; low pathogenicity avian influenza; live-bird markets ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; A VIRUS; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; H5N2 AB Between 2002 and 2005, three outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in the Americas: one outbreak in Chile (H7N3) in 2002, one outbreak in the United States (H5N2) in 2004, and one outbreak in Canada (H7N3) in 2004. The outbreak in Chile was limited to a large broiler breeder operation and a nearby turkey flock and represented the first outbreak of HPAI in that country. The outbreak of HPAI in the United States occurred in Texas and was limited to one premise where chickens were raised for sale in nearby live-bird markets. The outbreak in Canada was the largest of the three HPAI outbreaks, involving 42 premises and approximately 17 million birds in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia. In each of the HPAI outbreaks, the disease was successfully eradicated by depopulation of infected farms. All other reports of infections in poultry and isolations from wild bird species pertained to tow pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Animal Health Officials in Canada reported subtypes H3, H5, and H6 in domestic poultry, and H3, H5, HI 1, and H13 from imported and/or wild bird species. An LPAI H5N2 virus continues to circulate in Mexico and the Central American countries of Guatemala and El Salvador. Each country reported isolations of H5N2 virus from poultry and the large-scale use of inactivated and recombinant H5 vaccines in their At control programs. In Colombia, At was reported for the first time when antibodies to H9N2 were detected in chickens by routine surveillance. Intensive surveillance activities in the United States detected AI virus or specific antibodies to 13 of the 16 hemagglutinin (H1-H13) and all nine neuraminidase subtypes in live-bird markets, small holder farms, and in commercial poultry from 29 states. The largest outbreak of LPAI in the United States occurred in 2002, when 197 farms were depopulated (4.7 million birds) to control an outbreak in Virginia and surrounding states. The outbreak was caused by an LPAI H7N2 virus closely related to an H7N2 virus that has been circulating in the live-bird marketing system in the northeastern United States since 1994. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Senne, DA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 1800 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1637/7621-042606R1.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100005 PM 17494549 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Das, A Ellis, E AF Suarez, David L. Das, Amaresh Ellis, Elizabeth TI Review of rapid molecular diagnostic tools for avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; RRT-PCR; internal control; PCR inhibitors; validation ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; INTERNAL POSITIVE CONTROL; A VIRUSES; RT-PCR; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; EXTRACTION METHODS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; STOOL SPECIMENS; H7; H5 AB Molecular diagnostic tests are commonly used to diagnose avian influenza virus because they are sensitive and can be performed rapidly, with high throughput, and at a moderate cost. Molecular diagnostic tests recently have proven themselves to be invaluable in controlling disease outbreaks around the world. Several different methods, including traditional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification among others, have been described for the diagnosis of avian influenza in poultry with many different variations of primers, probes, enzymes, etc. Few of these tests have been validated, with the understanding that validation should be described as a level of comparison testing to show "fitness for purpose." None of the molecular diagnostic tests are validated for all species or specimen types that might be presented to a diagnostic laboratory. The sensitivity and specificicy for all the molecular tests are governed by three critical control points, including RNA extraction, enzymes used for amplification, and the sequence of primers and probes. The RNA extraction step is of particular concern, since high-quality RNA is needed for any of the molecular tests. Some sample types, including cloacal (fecal) swabs and tissues, are difficult to process, with issues of poor RNA extraction or PCR inhibitors being common. The development of internal controls, robotics, and bead reagents are providing improved performance of existing tests, and new technologies will likely provide better tests for the future. With any molecular test, assay assurance must be performed on an ongoing basis, which includes the use of proficiency panels to measure test performance. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1637/7732-101006-REGR.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100010 PM 17494554 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, David E. TI Understanding the complex pathobiology of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in birds SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; pathobiology ID HONG-KONG; A VIRUSES; SOUTH-KOREA; H5N1 VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ; CHICKENS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; DUCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Avian influenza (AI) viruses are a diverse group of viruses that can be divided into 144 subtypes, based on different combinations of the 16 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtypes, and two pathorypes (low and high pathogenicity [HP]), based on lethality for the major poultry species, the chicken. However, other criteria are important in understanding the complex biology of AI viruses, including host adaptation, transmissibility, infectivity, tissue tropism, and lesion, and disease production. Overall, such pathobiological features vary with host species and virus strain. Experimentally, HPAI viruses typically produce a similar severe, systemic disease with high mortality in chickens and other gallinaceous birds. However, these same viruses usually produce no clinical signs of infection or only mild disease in domestic ducks and wild birds. Over the past decade, the emergent HPAI viruses have shifted to increased virulence for chickens as evident by shorter mean death times and a greater propensity for massive disseminated replication in vascular endothelial cells. Importantly, the Asian H5N1 HPAI viruses have changed from producing inconsistent respiratory infections in 2-wk-old domestic ducks to some strains being highly lethal in ducks with virus in multiple internal organs and brain. However, the high lethality for ducks is inversely related to age, unlike these viruses in gallinaceous poultry, which are highly lethal irrespective of the host age. The most recent Asian H5N1 HPAI viruses have infected some wild birds, producing systemic infections and death. Across all bird species, the ability to produce severe disease and death is associated with high virus replication titers in the host, especially in specific tissues such as brain and heart. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 46 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1637/7763-110706-REGR.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100016 PM 17494560 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Swayne, DE AF Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Swayne, David E. TI Pathobiology of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in ducks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; ducks; H5N1 virus; immunohistochemistry; pathogenicity ID HONG-KONG; DOMESTIC DUCKS; SOUTH-KOREA; A VIRUS; CHICKENS; POULTRY; EVOLUTION; OUTBREAKS; CHINA AB Ducks and other wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoir of type A influenza viruses, which normally are nonpathogenic in these birds. However, the Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have evolved from producing no disease or mild respiratory infections in ducks to some strains producing severe systemic disease and mortality. To further understand the pathogenicity of these strains in ducks, we studied the gross and histologic lesions and tissue distribution of viral antigen in 2- and 5-wk-old white Pekin ducks infected with different Asian-origin H5N1 AI viruses. Seven of eight 2-wk-old ducks inoculated with A/Egret/HK/757.2/02 developed acute disease, including severe neurological dysfunction and death. However, this virus killed only two of eight 5-wk-old ducks. Two additional viruses, A/Vietnam/1203/04 and A/Crow/Thailand/04, also produced high mortality in 2-wk-old ducks. Microscopic lesions and AI viral antigen were observed most frequently in the nasal cavity, brain, heart, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Another virus, A/Thailand PB/6231/04, killed three of eight 2-wk-old ducks but did not induce neurological signs. Furthermore, older ducks infected with this virus did not present clinical signs or gross lesions, and their tissues showed very few microscopic lesions. All the viruses studied established systemic infections in both younger and older ducks, with viral replication in tissues correlating with the severity of the clinical signs. The differences in mortality induced by HPAI H5N1 viruses in ducks are reflected in the pathological findings and antigen distribution in tissues. However, the observed differences in pathology between ducks infected at different ages is unclear and may be associated with a variety of factors including the virus strain, host immune response, host cell maturation, and capacity to support viral replication. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 35 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1637/7710-090606R.1 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100017 PM 17494561 ER PT J AU Spackman, E McCracken, KG Winker, K Swayne, DE AF Spackman, Erica McCracken, Kevin G. Winker, Kevin Swayne, David E. TI An avian influenza virus from waterfowl in South America contains genes from North American avian and equine lineages SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza virus; wild waterfowl; H7 hemagglutinin; influenza phylogenetics; influenza pathogenesis ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; OUTBREAK AB Apart from an outbreak in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002, there have been few reports of avian influenza in South America. However, surveillance in free-flying birds has been limited. An avian influenza virus was isolated from a Cinnamon Teal (Alias cyanoptera) in Bolivia in 2001 from samples collected for an avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus surveillance study. This isolate was determined to be an H7N3 virus by gene sequencing. Analysis of all eight genes revealed that five genes were most closely related to the H7N3 in Chile in 2002. Two genes were most closely related to North American wild aquatic bird virus lineages and one gene was most closely related to an equine influenza virus from South America. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1637/7529-032106R.1 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100021 PM 17494565 ER PT J AU Bublot, M Le Gros, FX Nieddu, D Pritchard, N Mickle, TR Swayne, DE AF Bublot, Michel Le Gros, Francois-Xavier Nieddu, Daniela Pritchard, Nikki Mickle, Thomas R. Swayne, David E. TI Efficacy of two H5N9-inactivated vaccines against challenge with a recent H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza isolate from a chicken in Thailand SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; inactivated vaccine; H5N1HPAI challenge; protection; shedding; transmission ID OIL-EMULSION VACCINES; FOWL POXVIRUS VACCINE; HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; VIRUS; TURKEYS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAKS AB The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two avian influenza (AI) H5-inactivated vaccines containing either an American (A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 H5N9; H5N9-WI) or a Eurasian isolate (A/chicken/Italy/22A/98 H5N9; H5N9-It). Three-week-old specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated once and challenged 3 wk later with a H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) virus isolated from a chicken in Thailand in 2004. All unvaccinated challenged birds died within 2 days, whereas 90% and 100% of chickens vaccinated with H5N9-WI and H5N9-It, respectively, were protected against morbidity and mortality. Both vaccines prevented cloacal shedding and significantly reduced oral shedding of the challenge HPAI virus. Additional chickens (vaccinated or unvaccinated) were placed in contact with the directly challenged birds 18 hr after challenge. All unvaccinated chickens in contact with unvaccinated challenged birds died within 3 days after contact, whereas unvaccinated chickens in contact with vaccinated challenged birds either showed a significantly delayed mortality or did not become infected. All vaccinated contacts were protected against clinical signs, and most chickens did not shed detectable amount of HPAI virus. Altogether, these data indicate that both vaccines protected very well against morbidity and mortality and reduced or prevented shedding induced by direct or contact exposure to Asian H5N1 HPAI virus. C1 Merial SAS, R&D, F-69007 Lyon, France. Merial Select Inc, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. Merial Italia SpA, Chignolo Po, Italy. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bublot, M (reprint author), Merial SAS, R&D, F-69007 Lyon, France. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1637/7623-042706R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100033 PM 17494577 ER PT J AU Zepeda, C Salman, MD AF Zepeda, C. Salman, M. D. TI Assessing the probability of the presence of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in exported chicken meat SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE low pathogenic avian influenza; risk assessment; risk analysis; chicken meat; international trade ID A VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ; H7N2 AB Avian influenza (AI) is a disease of concern for the poultry industry. In its highly pathogenic form, AI viruses (AIVs) can cause a high morbidity and case fatality rate as well as severe economic consequences. Low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs), in contrast, only cause localized infections in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of affected birds. Although there is apparently sufficient scientific evidence documenting the absence of LPAIV in poultry meat, several countries still place restrictions for international trade of poultry meat on LPAIV-infected countries. These restrictions are extremely trade disruptive and entail significant losses to the poultry industry. This article presents a quantitative approach to assess the probability of LPAIV presence in chicken meat and provides a model that can be tailored to reflect the epidemiology of LPAIV and surveillance systems in different countries. Results show that the probability of introducing LPAIV through chicken meat imports is insignificant. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS, VS,Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS, VS,Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zepeda, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, APHIS, VS,Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1637/7567-033106R.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100036 PM 17494580 ER PT J AU Garber, L Voelker, L Hill, G Rodriguez, J AF Garber, Lindsey Voelker, Laurel Hill, George Rodriguez, Judith TI Description of live poultry markets in the United States and factors associated with repeated presence of H5/H7 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; live bird markets; risk factors ID A VIRUSES; PIGS; PCR AB In 2005 the National Animal Health Monitoring System conducted a survey in 183 live poultry markets throughout the United States. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of live poultry markets in the United States and to identify potential risk factors for markets to be repeatedly positive for low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5/H7. A questionnaire was administered to market operators that included questions regarding types of birds and other animals in the market, biosecurity, and cleaning and disinfecting practices. A history of testing for avian influenza from March 2004 through March 2005 was obtained for each market. Cases were defined as markets with at least 2 positive LPAI/H5/H7 rest results during the year (separate occasions), and controls were defined as markets that were tested at least twice during the year with all negative results. Markets in the North region (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New England) were larger than markets in the South (Florida, California, Texas) and were more likely to slaughter birds on-site. Testing for avian influenza virus (AIV) was performed more frequently in the North region than in the South region. Markets in the North region tested positive for H5 or H7 at 14.6% of the testing visits, and no markets in the South region tested positive for H5/H7 at any time during the year. Factors associated with repeated presence of LPAIV H5/H7 included number of times the market was cleaned and disinfected, being open 7 days per week, and trash disposal of dead birds. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Garber, L (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1637/7571-033106R.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100053 PM 17494597 ER PT J AU Bublot, M Pritchard, N Cruz, JS Mickle, TR Selleck, P Swayne, DE AF Bublot, Michel Pritchard, Nikki Cruz, Julio S. Mickle, Thomas R. Selleck, Paul Swayne, David E. TI Efficacy of a fowlpox-vectored avian influenza H5 vaccine against Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO St Johns Coll DE avian influenza; fowlpox recombinant; vaccine; H5N1HPAI challenge; protection; shedding ID CHICKENS AB A recombinant fowlpox-avian influenza (AT) H5 vaccine (rFP-AIV-H5) expressing the hemagglutinin of the A/turkey/Ireland/1378/83 H5N8 AT isolate has been used in Central America since 1998 to control H5N2 low pathogenicity AI. Previously, this vaccine was shown to induce full protection against a panel of H5 highly pathogenic (HP) AT isolates, including HPAI H5N1. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of rFP-AIV-H5 against escalating doses of HPAI H5N1 A/chicken/SouthKorea/ES/03 isolate and against the HPAI H5N1 A/chicken/Vietnam/0008/2004 isolate. In both, studies, 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were vaccinated by subcutaneous route with rFP-AIV-H5 and challenged 3 wk later by the oronasal route. In the first study, full protection was observed up to a challenge dose of 6.5 log(10) embryo infectious dose (EID50), and the 50% chicken infectious dose was estimated to be 3.1 and 8.5 log(10) EID50 in the control and the rFP-AIV-H5-vaccinated group, respectively. A 2-4 log(10) and > 4 log(10) reduction of oral and cloacal shedding was observed in rFP-AIV-H5 vaccinated birds, respectively. The rFP-AIV-H5 vaccine induced hemagglutination inhibition antibodies (5.2 log(2)) detectable with homologous H5N8 antigen. In the second study, rFP-AIV-H5-vaccinated chicks were fully protected against morbidity and mortality after challenge with the 2004 Vietnam isolate, whereas unvaccinated chickens died within 2 days of challenge. Shedding in cloacal swabs was detected in all unvaccinated controls but in none of the rFP-AIV-H5-vaccinated chickens. Together, these results confirm the excellent level of protection induced by rFP-AIV-H5 in SPF chickens against two recent Asian HPAI H5N1 isolates. C1 Merial SAS, Discovery Res, F-69007 Lyon, France. Merial Select Inc, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. Merial Ltd, Athens, GA 30601 USA. CSIRO, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bublot, M (reprint author), Merial SAS, Discovery Res, F-69007 Lyon, France. NR 5 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SU S BP 498 EP 500 DI 10.1637/7624-042706R.1 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 153YN UT WOS:000245474100074 PM 17494618 ER PT J AU Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Heidari, M Muir, WM Groenen, MAM Zhang, Y Wong, GKS Fulton, JE O'Sullivan, NP Albers, GAA Vereijken, ALJ Rattink, AP Okimoto, R Mckay, JC McLeod, S Cheng, HH AF Zhang, H. M. Bacon, L. D. Heidari, M. Muir, W. M. Groenen, M. A. M. Zhang, Y. Wong, G. K. S. Fulton, J. E. O'Sullivan, N. P. Albers, G. A. A. Vereijken, A. L. J. Rattink, A. P. Okimoto, R. McKay, J. C. McLeod, S. Cheng, H. H. TI Genetic variation at the tumour virus B locus in commercial and laboratory chicken populations assessed by a medium-throughput or a high-throughput assay SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES; ENDOGENOUS VIRAL GENES; SUBGROUP-B; WHITE LEGHORNS; EGG-PRODUCTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; FEATHERING DAMS; TVB LOCUS AB The tumour virus B (TVB) locus encodes cellular receptors mediating infection by three subgroups of avian leukosis virus (B, D, and E). Three major alleles, TVB*S1, TVB*S3, and TVB*R, have been described. TVB*S1 encodes a cellular receptor mediating infection of subgroups B, D, and E. TVB*S3 encodes the receptor for two subgroups, B and D, and TVB*R encodes a dysfunctional receptor that does not permit infection by any of the subgroups, B, D, or E. Genetic diversity at the TVB locus of chickens was investigated in both layer and broiler commercial pure lines and laboratory lines. Genotyping assays were developed for both medium-throughput and high-throughput analysis. Of the 36 broiler lines sampled, 14 were fixed for the susceptible allele TVB*S1. Across all broiler lines, 83% of chickens were typed as TVB*S1/*S1, 3% as TVB*R/*R, and 14% as TVB*S1/*R. In the egg-layer lines, five of the 16 tested were fixed for TVB*S1/*S1. About 44% of egg-layers were typed as TVB*S1/*S1, 15% as TVB*R/*R, with the rest segregating for two or three of the alleles. In the laboratory chickens, 60% were fixed for TVB*S1/*S1, 6% for TVB*S3/*S3, 14% for TVB*R/*R, and the rest were heterozygotes (TVB*S1/*S3 or TVB*S1/*R). All commercial pure lines examined in this study carry the TVB*S1 allele that sustains the susceptibility to avian leukosis viruses B, D, and E. More importantly, the TVB*R allele was identified in multiple populations, thus upholding the opportunities for genetic improvement through selection. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. Nutreco, Euribrid Breeding Res Ctr, Boxmeer, Netherlands. Cobb Vantress Inc, Pineville, MO 64856 USA. Aviagen Grp, Huntsville, AL 35824 USA. RP Zhang, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hmzhang@msu.edu RI Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013 OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560 NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 283 EP U12 DI 10.1080/03079450701449248 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 188SE UT WOS:000247938800005 PM 17620174 ER PT B AU Biresaw, G AF Biresaw, G. BE Padgurskas, J Jankauskas, V Rukuiza, R TI Boundary friction in liquid and dry film biobased lubricants SO BALTTRIB' 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE TB, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT BALTTRIB 2007 International Scientific Conference CY NOV 21-23, 2007 CL Lithuanian Univ Agr, Kaunas, LITHUANIA HO Lithuanian Univ Agr DE boundary friction; starch-oil composite; vegetable oil; dry film lubricant; free energy of adsorption AB Farm-based raw materials such as fats, seed oils, starches, proteins, and gums can be subjected to various degrees of processing to make them suitable for use in lubrication. The resulting biobased ingredients are then blended with each other and/or with synthetic ingredients to formulate lubricants for various applications. Proper performance under boundary conditions is an important criterion for a successful application of biobased ingredients in lubricant formulations. This is due to the fact that most lubrication processes of commercial interest occur under mixed-film conditions, where boundary lubrication characteristics have major influence. This work will discuss the investigation into the boundary friction properties of biobased ingredients derived from fats, oils, and starches. These ingredients were obtained by subjecting farm products to various degrees of processing. These ingredients are of interest in the development of liquid and dry film biobased lubricants. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LITHUANIAN UNIV AGRICULTURE PI KAUNO RAJ PA STUDENTU 11, AKADEMIJA, KAUNO RAJ, LT-53361, LITHUANIA PY 2007 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHE66 UT WOS:000252489000002 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Tischler, CR AF Polley, H. Wayne Wilsey, Brian J. Tischler, Charles R. TI Species abundances influence the net biodiversity effect in mixtures of two plant species SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE above-ground biomass; complementarity; grassland; perennial plant species; primary productivity; species diversity ID PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; EVENNESS; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; SELECTION; COMPLEMENTARITY; REPLACEMENT; RICHNESS AB Species abundances (evenness or identity of the dominant species in mixtures) usually are not rigorously controlled when testing relationships between plant production and species richness and may be highly dynamic in disturbed or early successional communities. Changes in species abundances may affect the yield of mixtures relative to yields expected from species monocultures [the net biodiversity effect (NBE)] by changing how species that differ in function are distributed in the plant community. To test the prediction that variation in species abundances affects the NBE via changes in the expression of functional differences among species (the complementarity effect), we grew perennial grasses and forbs in field plots in central Texas, USA, as equal-density monocultures and two-species mixtures in which relative abundances of species were varied. Function should differ more consistently between species of different growth forms than of the same growth form. We predicted, therefore, that the complementarity effect and influence of species abundances on the NBE would be more pronounced in grass/forb mixtures than in mixtures with species of the same growth form (grass/grass and forb/forb mixtures). The NBE varied with species evenness in two of the six species pairs studied and with identity of the dominant species in a third species combination. The NBE was sensitive to species proportions in both grass/grass and grass/forb assemblages. In all combinations in which the NBE differed with either evenness or identity of the dominant species, the variation resulted largely from change in the complementarity effect. Our results suggest that the NBE of mixtures is sensitive to effects of species ratios on complementarity. (C) 2006 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50012 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2006.02.006 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164UG UT WOS:000246259500002 ER PT J AU Boguena, T Meyer, SE Nelson, DL AF Boguena, Toupta Meyer, Susan E. Nelson, David L. TI Low temperature during infection limits Ustilago bullata (Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales) disease incidence on Bromus tectorum (Poaceae, Cyperales) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; downy brome; head smut; infection window; Ustilago bullata; weed biocontrol ID NORTH-AMERICA; HEAD SMUT; GRASSES; CATHARTICUS; GERMINATION; DEMOGRAPHY AB Ustilago bullata is frequently encountered on the exotic winter annual grass Bromus tectorum in western North America. To evaluate the biocontrol potential of this seedling-infecting pathogen, we examined the effect of temperature on the infection process. Teliospore germination rate increased linearly with temperature from 2.5 to 25 degrees C, with significant among-population differences. It generally matched or exceeded host seed germination rate over the range 10-25 degrees C, but lagged behind at lower temperatures. Inoculation trials demonstrated that the pathogen can achieve high disease incidence when temperatures during infection range 20-30 degrees C. Disease incidence was drastically reduced at 2.5 degrees C. Pathogen populations differed in their ability to infect at different temperatures, but none could infect in the cold. This may limit the use of this organism for biocontrol of B. tectorum to habitats with reliable autumn seedling emergence, because cold temperatures are likely to limit infection of later-emerging seedling cohorts. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 52 DI 10.1080/09583150600828577 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 138GF UT WOS:000244350400004 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Bacon, Charles W. Hinton, Dorothy M. TI Potential for control of seedling blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum and related species using the bacterial endophyte Bacillus mojavensis SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus mojavensis; bacterial endophyte; biological control; Fusarium graminearum; Fusariurn species; wheat seedling blight; wheat scab ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; HEAD BLIGHT; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; SCAB; MONILIFORME; MAIZE; DEOXYNIVALENOL AB Fusarium-infected wheat seed decreases germination, seedling emergence, and causes post emergence seedling death, and can contribute to wheat scab and ear rot of maize, with consequent production of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Current seed treatments have proved ineffective in controlling seedling blight and scab. A patented endophytic bacterial strain, Bacillus mojavensis RRC 101, and several other strains of this species were studied to determine in vitro antagonism to some Fusarium species and to assess the potential of this bacterium to serve as an endophytic biocontrol for seedling blight of wheat produced by species within the F graminearum complex, as well as other species of Fusarium. Seedling emergence and seed germination were two tests used as indicators of seedling blight. These tests were conducted in growth rooms with two wheat cultivars highly susceptible to scab, Norm and Pioneer 2552, and other cultivars with varying resistance to scab. The results indicated that all strains of this bacterium were antagonistic in vitro to the strains of E graminearum and its seven related species, as well as four strains of E pseudograminearum and the two strains of E verticillioides. Germination of the highly scab susceptible cultivar 2552 was increased from 77 to 97% when planted in soil containing a mixed inoculum of F graminearum and related species. Seedling emergence in the very susceptible wheat cultivar Norm increased from 20 to 82% when treated with the bacterium. The data indicated that inoculating wheat kernels with B. mojavensis reduced seedling blight of wheat produced by F graminearum and related Fusarium species indicating the potential for this bacterium as a biocontrol under field condition. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1080/09583150600937006 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 138GF UT WOS:000244350400007 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Hoagland, RE Abbas, HK AF Boyette, C. Douglas Hoagland, Robert E. Abbas, Hamed K. TI Evaluation of the bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria for weed control in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); horse purslane (P. portulacastrum); spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata); prostrate spurge (Euphorbia prostrata); tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum); Myrothecium verrucaria; bioherbicide; biological weed control; surfactant ID PURSLANE; ISOLATE AB An isolate of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria was evaluated for its biocontrol potential against common purslane, horse purslane, spotted spurge, and prostrate spurge, all serious weed pests in commercial tomato fields in the southeastern US. In greenhouse and field tests, M. verrucaria was highly virulent against these weeds when applied as conidial sprays formulated in 0.29% Silwet L-77 surfactant, even in the absence of dew. In field test plots naturally infested with these weeds, seedlings in the two-to-three leaf growth stage treated with M. verrucaria at 2 X 107 conidia mL(-1) in 0.2% Silwet, exhibited leaf and stem necrosis within 24 h following inoculation, with mortality occurring within 96 h. After 7 days, M. verrucaria had killed 90-95% of both purslane species and 85-95% of both spurge species. Tomatoes that were transplanted into plots treated with M. verrucaria remained healthy and vigorous throughout the growing season. Since M. verrucaria effectively controlled several common weeds under field conditions, this fungus appears to have potential as an effective bioherbicide for pre-plant weed control in production systems with transplanted tomato. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM dboyette@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1080/09583150600937451 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 138GF UT WOS:000244350400014 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP AF Ugine, Todd A. Wraight, Stephen P. Sanderson, John P. TI Effects of manipulating spray-application parameters on efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, infesting greenhouse impatiens crops SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungus; Frankliniella occidentalis; western flower thrips; application methods; microbial control ID PERGANDE THYSANOPTERA; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; POLLEN; OVIPOSITION; INSECTICIDE; INFECTIVITY; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE AB The effects of various spray application parameters on the efficacy of a clay-based wettable powder formulation of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA conidia. against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, were evaluated in a series of greenhouse tests. With the aim of optimizing spray application methods to maximize biopesticide efficacy, a series of independent experiments was conducted that varied four spray parameters: application interval, rate, volume, and spray-program timing. Impatiens crops infested with western flower thrips were treated with (1) multiple sprays at the rate of 5 X 1013 conidia in 935 L aqueous carrier ha(-1) applied at 3-, 5-, and 7-day intervals, (2) weekly sprays at rates of 5 x 10(13), I x 10 (14), and 2.0 X 10(14) conidia in 935 L carrier ha(-1), (3) weekly sprays at a rate of 2.0 X 1014 conidia in volumes of 935, 1870, and 3740 L carrier ha(-1), and (4) multiple sprays at the rate of 2.0 X 1014 conidia. in 3740 L carrier ha(-1) applied at 5-day intervals in spray programs initiated before versus after the onset of flowering. Pollen-bearing impatiens flowers were sampled twice weekly to estimate thrips population density, and adult female and second-instar thrips were collected 24 h post application for determination of acquired dose (conidia/insect). Numbers of conidia inoculated onto thrips increased with increasing spray frequency and volume. Dose was unexpectedly not directly correlated with application rate when volume was held constant, suggesting that thrips avoided concentrated spray residues. Statistically significant thrips population reductions relative to controls were achieved only when three to four sprays were applied at the highest label rate in the highest volume at < 7-day intervals. Applications against thrips infesting young, preflowering impatiens crops were not consistently more effective than applications in older crops. The most effective treatment programs reduced pest populations by 30-40% compared to untreated controls; this slowed, but did not stop, the growth of pest populations. Results indicate that use of fungi for thrips management will require integration with other control agents. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Old Insectary Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu RI Kumar, Vivek/B-8500-2011 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 219 DI 10.1080/09583150600937618 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 138GF UT WOS:000244350400016 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Jackson, MA Wright, MS AF Dunlap, Christopher A. Jackson, Mark A. Wright, Maureen S. TI A foam formulation of Palecilomyces fumosoroseus, an entomopathogenic biocontrol agent SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foam; keratin; paecilomyces; termites ID PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; RUSSIAN WHEAT; FUNGI; BLASTOSPORES; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTIVITY; EFFICACY; PROTEINS; DIPTERA AB Several classes of surfactants/foaming agents were screened for compatibility with blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. The surfactants were assayed to determine their influence on the rate of germination, viability and conidia. production by the blastospores. Surfactants compatible with blastospores were then assayed for their foam forming properties using a commercially available foam generator. These tests identified keratin hydrolysate as the only suitable surfactant in terms of biocompatibility and foam forming properties. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effect of keratin hydrolysate on the efficacy of blastospores against Formosan subterranean termites. The results showed keratin hydrolysate increased the efficacy of P. fumosoroseus and suggest that this foam formulation of P fumosoroseus may be useful in controlling Formosan subterranean termites. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Dunlap, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM christopher.dunlap@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 513 EP 523 DI 10.1080/09583150701311614 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196TI UT WOS:000248504700006 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE AF Naranjo, Steven E. TI Intraguild predation on Eretmocerus sp nr. emiratus, a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci, by three generalist predators with implications for estimating the level and impact of parasitism SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; generalist predators; aphelinid parasitoids; prey preference; life tables; marginal mortality rates ID GUT CONTENT ELISA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; DICYPHUS-HESPERUS; MORTALITY FACTORS; COTTON FIELDS; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; HYMENOPTERA AB Intraguild predation (IGP) is pervasive in many managed and unmanaged ecosystems and may have negative, neutral or positive effects on the biological control of pest insects. Both generalist predators and aphelinid parasitoids attack Bemisia tabaci.(Gennadius) Biotype B ( =B. argentifolii Perring & Bellows) on cotton in the southwestern USA. Free-choice and no-choice laboratory assays were conducted to quantify prey consumption patterns and preference by three representative generalist predators, Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, offered fourth instar B. tabaci nymphs and nymphs parasitized by Eretmocerus sp. nr. emiratus. All three predators showed a significant preference for larval and pupal stage parasitoids over early fourth instar nymphs, but G. punctipes and O. insidiosus were non-discriminating when offered a choice of larval parasitoids and late fourth instar nymphs. The potential implications of these observed patterns for the field were examined through sensitivity analyses of existing field life table data. First, preference for parasitized hosts alters the methods required for calculating marginal rates of parasitism. Incorporating a preference variable in the estimation procedure had a very small positive effect (0.02-1.13% change) on total generational mortalities observed in previous life table studies. However, further hypothetical analyses suggested that under circumstances of lower generational mortality and higher levels of either apparent parasitism or predation, high levels of predator preference for parasitized prey could alter estimates of total mortality as much as 14%. Second, although intraguild predation was demonstrated, the implications for biological control are unclear. Based on field life table data the rate of IGP ranged from 0.019 to 0. 126 depending on predator species and prey comparison, but accounting for these levels of IGP had only small negative effects on total generational mortalities (0.193-1.278% change). C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 605 EP 622 DI 10.1080/09583150701408816 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196TI UT WOS:000248504700012 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Schisler, DA Eirjcsson, LD Brandt, TL Frazier, MJ Woodell, LK Olsen, NL Kleinkopf, GE AF Slininger, Patricia J. Schisler, David A. Eirjcsson, Linda D. Brandt, Tina L. Frazier, Mary Jo Woodell, Lynn K. Olsen, Nora L. Kleinkopf, Gale E. TI Biological control of post-harvest late blight of potatoes SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Enterobacter cloacae; sprout inhibitor; Phytophthora infestans; Fusarium dry rot; fungicide ID FUSARIUM DRY ROT; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NODAENSIS OH-182.9; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE S11-T-07; SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; PHENYLACETIC ACID; BACTERIAL STRAINS; BIOCONTROL; MIXTURES AB Introduction of US-8 genotypes of Phytophthora infestans has coincided with an increase in severity of potato late blight in North America. As alternatives to chemical fungicides, 18 bacterial strains patented as biological control agents (BCA) of both sprouting and Fusarium dry rot were cultivated in three liquid media and screened in wounded potato bioassays for their ability to suppress late blight incited by P. infestans (US-8, mating type A2). Washed or unwashed stationary-phase bacteria were mixed with fungal zoospores to inoculate potato wounds with 5 mu L containing similar to 10(8) bacterial CFU/mL and 2 x 10(4) zoospore count/mL. Disease suppressiveness was evaluated after tubers were stored a week at 15 degrees C, 90% relative humidity. One-fifth of the 108 BCA treatments screened, reduced late blight by 25-60%, including among other strains Pseudomonas fluorescens S22:T:04 (showing most consistency), P22:Y:05, S11:P:12 and Enterobacter cloacae S11:T: 07. Small-scale pilot testing of these four strains, alone and in combination, was conducted under conditions simulating a commercial application. x 10(4) P. Suspensions of 4 P. infestans sporangia/mL were sprayed at a rate of 1.6 mL followed by 0. 8 mL of bacteria treatment at similar to 5 x 109 CFU/mL per each of 90 unwounded potatoes. Three replicate boxes per treatment (30 tubers per box) were randomized in storage and maintained 4 weeks at 7.2 degrees C, 95% relative humidity. All BCA treatments significantly reduced disease; and unwashed bacteria outperformed those washed free of culture broth. Disease suppression ranged from 35% up to 86% the first test year and from 35 to 91% the second year. Highest overall performance rankings significantly above the control were achieved by the following strains in culture broth: four-strain mix > P fluorescens S22:T:04 > P. fluorescens S11:P: 12. Combined with previous demonstrations of dry rot and sprout suppression, the consistent late blight control by these strains and strain mixtures suggests the commercial feasibility of a single treatment for broad spectrum suppression of post-harvest potato diseases and sprouting. C1 USDA ARS, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Pat.Slininger@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 647 EP 663 DI 10.1080/09583150701408881 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 196TI UT WOS:000248504700015 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Payne, AR AF Jackson, Mark A. Payne, Angela R. TI Evaluation of the desiccation tolerance of blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) using a lab-scale, air-drying chamber with controlled relative humidity SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; insects; fungi; blastospores; air-drying; relative humidity ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; BROWN-ROT DISEASE; AERIAL CONIDIA; METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; EPICOCCUM-NIGRUM; LIQUID; BIOCONTROL; STORAGE; GROWTH AB The stabilization of living microbial agents for use as biological control agents is often accomplished through desiccation. Our air-drying studies with the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus have shown that the relative humidity ( RH) of the drying air significantly affects the desiccation tolerance and the storage stability of blastospores. Drying air with a RH of more than 40% supported significantly higher rates of initial blastospore survival ( 68 - 82%) after drying compared to drying with lower relative humidity air. Drying air with a RH above 50% improved the shelf-life of the air-dried blastospore preparations. Adjustment of the pH or replacement of the spent medium with deionized water (d-H2O) in the blastospore suspension had no significant impact on blastospore desiccation tolerance or storage stability. We have developed and describe a lab-scale, air-drying chamber that delivers air flow over the sample and that can be operated at controlled relative humidity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.1080/09583150701527235 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 223CR UT WOS:000250347700005 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD Abbas, HK AF Hoagland, Robert E. Boyette, C. Douglas Abbas, Hamed K. TI Myrothecium verrucaria isolates and formulations as bioherbicide agents for kudzu SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myrothecium verrucaria; bioherbicide; biological weed control; fungal; phytopathogen; kudzu; [ Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi]; surfactant ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PUERARIA-LOBATA; RED-CLOVER; MYCOHERBICIDES; GLYPHOSATE; RORIDUM AB The fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) has previously been shown to have potential as a bioherbicide for kudzu (Pueraria lobata) control. It has also been shown that MV wild-type (MV-wt) often forms sectors, when grown on various nutrient media. Experiments compared MV-wt and MV sector efficacy when grown on agar or on rice grains. In greenhouse evaluations of sectors, applied as foliar sprays in water or in other formulations ( corn oil, surfactant, and corn oil plus surfactant) for efficacy against kudzu seedlings, some sectors possessed bioherbicidal activity equal that of MV-wt, but others exhibited lower activity. Without a dew period, aqueous formulations of MV-wt, a yellow sector, and a white sector provided zero control, but all three isolates were active without a dew period when formulated in corn oil, Silwet L-77 surfactant, and in surfactant plus corn oil. Generally, the yellow sector was less effective than the other two isolates in any formulations, and the MV-wt and white sector provided approximately 100% mortality of the test plants. Dew ( 10 h) increased weed control to 100, 33, and 65%, respectively, for MV-wt, the yellow sector and the white sector. All isolates provided nearly 100% control in the oil and surfactant formulations with a dew period compared to treatments receiving no dew. Soil incorporation studies were also performed to compare MV-wt efficacy of preparations grown on agar versus growth on rice grains. Higher efficacies (1.75 - 3.3- fold increase) were obtained from rice grain preparations compared to preparations grown on agar, when preparations were incorporated at several rates into soil prior to planting. Cell- free extracts of the MV- rice cultures were also phytotoxic to kudzu seedlings up to the eight- to 10-leaf growth stage. Thus, formulation, growth media, and the application method are important determinants in the efficacy of MV and MV sectors on kudzu seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Hoagland, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1080/09583150701527268 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 223CR UT WOS:000250347700006 ER EF