FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Greenberg, CH Otis, DL Waldrop, TA AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Otis, David L. Waldrop, Thomas A. TI Response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to fire and fire surrogate fuel reduction treatments in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE white-footed mice; Peromyscus leucopus; small mammals; fuel reduction; prescribed burn; shrub reduction; coarse woody debris ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; HABITAT; QUALITY; ACORNS; GAPS AB An experiment conducted as part of the multidisciplinary National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study was designed to determine effects of three fuel reduction techniques on small mammals and habitat structure in the southern Appalachian mountains. Four experimental units, each > 14-ha were contained within each of three replicate blocks at the Green River Game Land, Polk County, NC. Treatments were (1) prescribed burning (B); (2) mechanical felling of shrubs and small trees (M); (3) mechanical felling + burning (MB); (4) controls (C). Mechanical understory felling treatments were conducted in winter 2001-2002, and prescribed burning was conducted in March 2003. After treatment, there were fewer live trees, more snags, and greater canopy openness in MB than in other treatments. Leaf litter depth was reduced by burning in both B and MB treatments, and tall shrub cover was reduced in all fuel reduction treatments compared to C. Coarse woody debris pieces and percent cover were similar among treatments and controls. We captured 990 individuals of eight rodent species a total of 2823 times. Because white-footed mice composed > 79% of all captures, we focused on this species. Populations in experimental units increased 228% on average between 2001 and 2002, but there was no evidence of an effect of the mechanical treatment. From 2002 to 2003, all units again showed an average increase in relative population size, but increases were greater in MB than in the other treatments. Age structure and male to female ratio were not affected by the fuel reduction treatment. Average adult body weight declined from 2001 to 2002, but less so in M than in units that remained C in both years. The proportion of mice captured near coarse woody debris was similar to the proportion captured in open areas for all treatments, indicating that white-footed mice did not use coarse woody debris preferentially or change their use patterns in response to fuel reduction treatments. Land managers should understand possible effects of different fuel reduction treatments on white-footed mouse populations, as they are an important component of the fauna and food chain of deciduous southern Appalachian forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Iowa State Univ, USGS Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.07.022 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000034 ER PT J AU Boucher, TV Mead, BR AF Boucher, Tina V. Mead, Bert R. TI Vegetation change and forest regeneration on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska following a spruce beetle outbreak, 1987-2000 (vol 227, pg 233, 2006) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Boucher, TV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM antvb@uaa.alaska.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.07.001 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095EW UT WOS:000241292000036 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Karchesy, JJ Kelsey, RG AF Manter, D. K. Karchesy, J. J. Kelsey, R. G. TI The sporicidal activity of yellow-cedar heartwood, essential oil and wood constituents towards Phytophthora ramorum in culture SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; PATHOGEN BACILLUS-CEREUS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; CARVACROL; DECLINE; MORTALITY; TREES; DEAD; RHINOTERMITIDAE AB In this paper, we demonstrate that 140 mg/kg of essential oil from the wood of yellow-cedar, incense cedar, Port-Orford-cedar or western juniper strongly inhibits zoospore germination and hyphal growth of Phytophthora ramorum in culture. Four individual compounds in yellow-cedar heartwood were also tested. Zoospore germination was reduced to 0% with 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg of nootkatin, carvacrol and valencene, respectively. Nootkatone was the least active compound, with 3.5% zoospore germination at 1000 mg/kg. Sporangia germination was 0% with 500 mg/kg of nootkatin or carvacrol. The disruption of the zoospore outer membrane and the loss of sporangial contents were often observed and indicative of sporicidal activity. Hyphal growth was inhibited by 99.9% with 50 mg/kg of nootkatin or 500 mg/kg of carvacrol, but growth resumed upon removing the inhibitors. The zoosporicidal activity of yellow-cedar heartwood shavings stored dry for approximately 10 years was consistent with the quantity of extractable compounds they contained. Thus, spreading fresh shavings or chips of yellow-cedar heartwood with appreciable higher concentrations of the active compounds, over areas in infection zones where spores might be difficult to control such as trails and parking lots used by hikers and bicyclists, might be useful as part of an integrated program to minimize P. ramorum spore distribution. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 5 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00461.x PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084TV UT WOS:000240558200001 ER PT J AU Bond, B Wiedenbeck, J AF Bond, Brian Wiedenbeck, Janice TI Study of overlength on red oak lumber drying quality and rough mill yield SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PART YIELDS AB Lumber stacking practices can directly affect drying defects, drying rate, and moisture content uniformity. The effect of overlength on drying is generally thought to be detrimental, yet large volumes of overlength lumber are used by secondary manufacturers. Managers of secondary manufacturing facilities need quantitative information to assist them in determining if overlength is beneficial or detrimental to their operation. The goal of this research was to compare the drying degrade, kiln capacities, and rough mill yields of red oak lumber with overlength to lumber that was precision-end trimmed. Degrade and rough mill yield studies where conducted at four manufacturing facilities located within Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. Each facility used predriers prior to kiln-drying red oak. Differences in kiln capacities for precision end-trimmed vs. non-precision end-trimmed lumber were determined from company records for previous kiln charges that were composed of one or the other type of lumber. The results of the four mill studies demonstrated that: 1) drying degrade was not significantly different between the two trimming and stacking practices; 2) kiln capacity can be increased by an average of 4 to 12 percent for precision-end trimmed lumber; and 3) using lumber with overlength leads to an increase in rough mill yield. A modified version of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulation software was used to determine theoretical yield differences for different lumber grades and cutting bills. Simulation results indicated that there was a definite increase in rough mill yield for I Common lumber regardless of the difficulty of the cutting bill. For 2 Common lumber, yields were either not significantly different or higher for lumber with overlength, depending on the cutting bill. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Bond, B (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bbond@vt.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400002 ER PT J AU Cai, ZY Muehl, JH Winandy, JE AF Cai, Zhiyong Muehl, James H. Winandy, Jerrold E. TI Effects of panel density and mat moisture content on processing medium density fiberboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Development of a fundamental understanding of heat transfer and resin curing during hot-pressing will help to optimize the manufacturing process of medium density fiberboard (MDF) allowing increased productivity, improved product quality, and enhanced durability. Effect of mat moisture content (MC) and panel density on performance of MDF panels, heat transfer, internal steam pressure, and pre-curing on the surface were systematically studied in this project. Both panel density and mat MC have significant effects on the internal steam pressure and internal bonding. We found that if the maximum internal steam pressure exceeded 100 kPa (15 psi), delamination would occur. Our analysis indicated that the optimized mat MC for internal bonding performance was dependent on panel density. For low-density panels (673 kg/m(3)), the optimized mat MC was between 12.1 and 15.3 percent. For medium (769 kg/m(3)) and high (833 kg/m(3)) density panels, the range of the optimized mat MC was narrowed and shifted to lower values. Panel density showed a positive relationship with mechanical performance, internal steam pressure, and maximum core temperature, but it slowed down the rate of temperature increase in the core and reduced the pre-cure thickness gradient (distance from face to position of maximum density). Mat MC also showed a positive relationship with internal steam pressure and the maximum core temperature. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM zcai@fs.fed.us; jmuehl@fs.fed.us; jwinandy@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400003 ER PT J AU Brown, JP Sendak, PE AF Brown, John P. Sendak, Paul E. TI Association of ring shake in eastern hemlock with tree attributes SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) is a major or minor associate in many forest types in northeastern North America. There has never been the high level of demand for eastern hemlock lumber that characterizes competing softwoods like white pine and spruce. Nevertheless, periodically interest in greater utilization of eastern hemlock for lumber has encouraged attempts to solve some of the wood utilization problems associated with the species. Ring shake, the longitudinal separation of wood parallel to the growth rings, is one of the more serious problems affecting utilization of hemlock lumber. Ring shake is not allowed in the better and more valuable grades of hemlock boards and it also reduces the grades of dimension lumber. Based on a large sample of trees widely distributed over hemlock's range in the Northeast, we determined whether any tree characteristics are prominent indicators of ring shake in hemlock lumber and estimated shake volume in lumber from trees that were identified as likely to contain shake. A logistic regression (LR) model was used to determine significant factors affecting shake presence (shake percent >0). For trees recorded as having shake, an ordinary regression model that estimated shake volume was developed. The best LR model to determine presence of shake included the significant predictors bird peck, age, and DBH (alpha = 0.05). This model correctly predicted 77 percent of the validation cases. The best regression model to estimate shake volume in trees having shake included just one significant predictor: DBH. Our results indicate that both older and larger trees are more prone to shake, as well as trees exhibiting bird peck. The ordinary regression equation was only moderately successful at predicting the amount of shake volume. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, NJ USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Brown, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, NJ USA. EM jpbrown@fs.fed.us; psendak@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400005 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL Reed, KG AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. Reed, Karen G. TI Strategies for improving the performance of plywood adhesive mix fillers from southern yellow pine bark SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAW-MATERIALS; SPRUCE BARK; PARTICLEBOARD; RESIDUES; WEAR AB Southern yellow pine bark was obtained from an industrial source and subjected to grinding and classification operations to ultimately afford finely ground bark fractions for evaluation as plywood adhesive mix fillers. Specifically, by grinding in a laboratory blender, we were able to generate a bark fraction rich in periderm tissue with its interlocking spiculate stone cells (sclereids). Another significant bark fraction was comprised of cellular debris from the obliterated phloem tissues in bark that are partitioned by the periderms. Through the grinding and classification operations employed in this study, the filler rich in periderm tissue had superior performance (>= 90% wood failures) over both the filler rich in obliterated phloem tissue and that prepared directly from the bark as received. This appears to be related to the removal of extractive-rich bark components that likely promote resin undercure. The periderm-rich filler had the added benefit of an ash content (2.5%) that was significantly lower than that for the whole bark filler (9.4%). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM teberhardt@fs.fed.us; kreed@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400011 ER PT J AU Li, YX LeDoux, CB Wang, JX AF Li, Yaoxiang LeDoux, Chris B. Wang, Jingxin TI An economic assessment of implementing streamside management zones in central Appalachian hardwood forests SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The effects of variable width of streamside management zones (25, 50, 75, and 100 ft) (SMZs) and removal level of trees (10%, 30%, and 50% of basal area) on production and post of implementing SMZs in central Appalachian hardwood forests were simulated by using a computer model. Harvesting operations were performed on an 80-year-old generated natural hardwood stand with a manual harvesting system of chainsaw felling and cable skidder extraction. Two skidding patterns using one landing with a stream crossing and two landings without a stream crossing were examined in the study. The hourly felling production with SMZs was 3.21 cunit (100 ft(3)) with an average unit cost of $9.04 per cunit. The productivity of conventional cable skidding with SMZs was 2.59 cunit per productive machine hour (PMH) and the unit cost averaged $31.12/cunit. Results indicated that felling with SMZs was 13 percent less productive and 15 percent more expensive than the felling operations without SMZs, while the skidder's productivity with SMZs was 8 percent lower and its unit cost was 9 percent higher than without SMZs. SMZ width and removal level did significantly affect the felling and skidding operations. The opportunity cost was indicated as a major cost component for implementing SMZs in central hardwood forests, which accounted for 27 percent of the total on-board cost. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Li, YX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM yali@mail.wvu.edu; cledoux@fs.fed.us; jxwang@wvu.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400013 ER PT J AU Hamner, P White, M Araman, P AF Hamner, Peter White, Marshall Araman, Philip TI The effect of curve sawing two-sided cants from small-diameter hardwood sawlogs on lumber and pallet part yields SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Curve sawing is a primary log breakdown process that incorporates gang-saw technology to allow two-sided cants from logs with sweep to be cut parallel to the log surface or log axis. Since curve-sawn logs with sweep are cut along the grain, the potential for producing high quality straight-grain lumber and cants increases, and strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability are maximized. Presently, curve sawing methods are widely incorporated in high production softwood lumber manufacturing facilities. However, with a few exceptions, the practice of curve sawing is virtually nonexistent in hardwood sawmills. A previous study indicated that approximately one-third of hardwood sawlogs contain measurable sweep. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sawing pattern (straight vs. curve sawing) on lumber, cant, and pallet part yield from small-diameter hardwood logs with varying degrees of sweep. The results of this study indicate that cant and pallet part yields are not affected by sweep since cants are cut from the center of a log. Although curve-sawn pallet cants did not straighten out completely when stacked, they did not cause handling problems during the pallet part manufacturing process. The yield of lumber from the outside of curved logs increases significantly when curve sawn. The results indicate that lumber yield can be as much as 10 to 12 percent higher when curve sawing hardwood logs with an average sweep of 3.3 inches and greater (12-ft basis). Since approximately one-third of hardwood logs are not considered straight, significant lumber yield improvements can occur when curve sawing lumber and cants from these logs. C1 Virginia Tech, Thomas M Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Hamner, P (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Thomas M Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM phamner@vt.edu; mswhite@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400014 ER PT J AU Laband, DN Gonzalez-Caban, A Hussain, A AF Laband, David N. Gonzalez-Caban, Armando Hussain, Anwar TI Factors that influence administrative appeals of proposed USDA Forest Service fuels reduction actions SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest fuels reduction; Healthy Forests and Restoration Act; forest policy; bivariate probit with sample selection ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; MANAGEMENT; RISK AB Using the database developed by the General Accounting Office on proposed fuels reduction actions on federal lands in 2001 and 2002, we conduct probit regression analysis to identify factors that significantly affect the likelihood of administrative appeal. The likelihood of appeal of a proposed fuels reduction action is significantly increased by (1) the size of area affected, (2) the number of proposed activities at the site, (3) when one of the stated purposes is commodity production (timber and sawlogs), (4) when one of the stated purposes is reduction of project-generated fuels, (5) implementation involves prescribed burning or mechanical thinning, and (6) the presence of at least one species of mammal at risk of extinction in the immediate vicinity of the site. Conversely, the likelihood of appeal is significantly reduced if (7) implementation is handled by Forest Service personnel or using a service contract, and (8) the proposed action is located in a Wildland-Urban Interface area. However, we also observe persistent regional effects, with fuels reduction proposals in Region 1 (3, 6, 8) characterized by a significantly higher (lower) likelihood of appeal than proposals in the other regions. C1 Auburn Univ, Forest Policy Ctr, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Laband, DN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Forest Policy Ctr, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM labandn@auburn.edu; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us; ahussain@cfr.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 477 EP 488 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 105ML UT WOS:000242034200001 ER PT J AU Keyser, TL Smith, FW Lentile, LB Shepperd, WD AF Keyser, Tara L. Smith, Frederick W. Lentile, Leigh B. Shepperd, Wayne D. TI Modeling postfire mortality of ponderosa pine following a mixed-severity wildfire in the Black Hills: The role of tree morphology and direct fire effects SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE logistic regression; Pinus ponderosa; South Dakota; crown scorch; stem/bole damage ID PRESCRIBED-FIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; NORTHERN ARIZONA; BOREAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; NATIONAL-PARK; SURVIVAL; DAMAGE; CALIFORNIA; BARK AB We examined the relationship among tree size, crown and stem damage, and 5 years of postfire mortality of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. & C. Laws.) in the Black Hills following a large, mixed-severity wildfire. We measured tree morphology and direct fire effects on 963 trees and assessed individual tree mortality annually from 2001 to 2005. We used logistic regression to model tree mortality as a function of tree morphology (dbh) and bark thickness (BARK) and direct fire effects [percentage of the live crown scorched (PSCOR) and basal char measured as the percentage of the bole charred below 30 cm (CHAR)]. Models using dbh and BARK were modeled separately due to correlation between the variables. In all models, mortality decreased with increasing dbh and BARK and increased with increasing PSCOR and CHAR. Basal char contributed to the mortality of trees less than 40 cm but became less influential as dbh and BARK increased. Overall, probability of mortality modeled as a function of dbh, PSCOR, and CHAR correctly predicted the status of 78% of trees, whereas the model predicting mortality as a function of BARK, PSCOR, and CHAR had an increase in prediction accuracy of only 1%. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Keyser, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tkeyser@cnr.colostate.edu; skip@cnr.colostate.edu; lentile@uidaho.edu; wshepperd@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 530 EP 539 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 105ML UT WOS:000242034200006 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA AF Liang, Jingjing Buongiorno, Joseph Monserud, Robert A. TI Bootstrap simulation and response surface optimization of management regimes for Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economics; stand growth; wood quality; tree diversity; stochastic ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; PRODUCT QUALITY; LUMBER GRADE; MODELS; GROWTH; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; STRENGTH AB A method was proposed to simulate forest stand growth, timber prices, and interest rates by distribution-free bootstrapping, and then optimize management controls for economic and ecological objectives by response surface analysis. The method was applied to Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands to predict the effects on economic and ecological objectives of management alternatives defined by the cutting cycle, C, the residual stand basal area, B, the diameter of the largest tree, D, and the ratio, q, of the number of trees in adjacent diameter classes. The effects were described with response surfaces, which were used to determine the best combinations of B, q, and C for each management criterion. Adjusting B, q, and C could control for 97 to 99% of the variability in the expected value of species diversity, size diversity, percentage of peeler logs, and basal area, and for 80 to 90% of the variability in land expectation value and annual production. Economic and ecologic criteria were generally most sensitive to the q ratio, the residual basal area, and the cutting cycle. Annual production was negatively correlated with tree size diversity and wood quality. There was no apparent conflict between stand diversity and wood quality. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PWN Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Liang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jliang@fs.fed.us; jbuongio@wisc.edu; rmonserud@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 5 BP 579 EP 594 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 105ML UT WOS:000242034200011 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL AF Prior, Ronald L. Wu, Xianli TI Anthocyanins: Structural characteristics that result in unique metabolic patterns and biological activities SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE anthocyanins; antioxidant; absorption; brain; obesity; metabolism ID RED GRAPE JUICE; DIETARY FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; BLACKBERRY ANTHOCYANINS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; MAJOR DETERMINANT; URINARY-EXCRETION; SMALL-INTESTINE AB Interest in anthocyanins has increased immensely during the past decade. From these studies, it is clear that anthocyanins have unique properties: Anthocyanins are absorbed intact and absorption can be saturated; acylation of anthocyanins lowers their apparent absorption; anthocyanidin diglycosides in the form of sambubioside or rutinoside impart increased stability to the anthocyanin molecule; and the quantities excreted in urine are less than 0.1% of intake. However, 60-90% of the anthocyanins may disappear from the gastrointestinal tract within 4 h after a meal. What happens to the bulk of the anthocyanins that disappear is not clear. Degradation accounts for a part of this disappearance, but differs for the various aglycones and may be modified further by the nature of the aglycone glycosylation, which further complicates our understanding of this process. Anthocyanins may play an important role in health promotion in terms of obesity prevention, cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu NR 103 TC 241 Z9 265 U1 12 U2 103 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1014 EP 1028 DI 10.1080/10715760600758522 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 090FQ UT WOS:000240936500002 PM 17015246 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Harry-O'Kuru, R AF Holser, Ronald Alan Harry-O'Kuru, Rogers TI Transesterified milkweed (Asclepias) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Asclepias; biodiesel; milkweed ID ESTERS; TRIGLYCERIDES; PERFORMANCE; PETRODIESEL; DEPENDENCE; COMPONENTS; LUBRICITY AB The methyl and ethyl esters of milkweed (Asclepias) seed oil were prepared and compared to soybean esters in laboratory tests to determine biodiesel fuel performance properties. The pour points of the methyl and ethyl milkweed esters measured -6 degrees C and -10 degrees C, respectively, which is consistent with the high levels of unsaturation characteristic of milkweed seed oil. The oxidative stabilities measured by OSI at 100 degrees C were between 0.8 and 4.1 h for all samples tested. The kinematic viscosities determined at 40 degrees C by ASTM D 445 averaged 4.9 mm(2)/s for milkweed methyl esters and 4.2 mm(2)/s for soybean methyl esters. Lubricity values deter-mined by ASTM D 6079 at 60 degrees C were comparable to the corresponding soybean esters with average ball wear scar values of 118 pin for milkweed methyl esters and 200 mu m for milkweed ethyl esters. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM holserra@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 14-15 BP 2106 EP 2110 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.001 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 074QA UT WOS:000239825700019 ER PT J AU Costanzo, S Ospina-Giraldo, MD Deahl, KL Baker, CJ Jones, RW AF Costanzo, Stefano Ospina-Giraldo, M. D. Deahl, K. L. Baker, C. J. Jones, Richard W. TI Gene duplication event in family 12 glycosyl hydrolase from Phytophthora spp. SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Fungal Genetics Conference CY MAR 15-20, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Genet Soc Amer DE xyloglucan hydrolase; endoglucanase; Phytophthora infestans; Phytophthora sojae; Phytophthora ramorum ID POLYGALACTURONASE-INHIBITING PROTEINS; FUNGUS MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; ENDOGLUCANASE-ENCODING GENE; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; CELL WALLS; CLONING; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; PATHOGENS AB A total of 18 paralogs of xyloglucan-specific endoglucanases (EGLs) from the glycosyl hydrolase family 12 were identified and characterized in Phytophthora sojae and Phytophthora ramorum. These genes encode predicted extracellular enzymes, with sizes ranging from 189 to 435 amino acid residues, that would be capable of hydrolyzing the xyloglucan component of the host cell wall. In two cases, four and six functional copies of these genes were found in tight succession within a region of 5 and 18 kb, respectively. The overall gene copy number and relative organization appeared well conserved between P. sojae and P. ramorum, with apparent synteny in this region of their respective genomes. Phylogenetic analyses of Phytophthora endoglucanases of family 12 and other known members of EGL 12, revealed a close relatedness with a fairly conserved gene sub-family containing, among others, sequences from the fungi Emericella desertorum and Aspergillus aculeatus. This is the first report of family 12 EGLs present in plant pathogenic eukaryotes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jonesr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 10 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.04.006 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 084UW UT WOS:000240560900004 PM 16784880 ER PT J AU Thomson, JG Ow, DW AF Thomson, James G. Ow, David W. TI Site-specific recombination systems for the genetic manipulation of eukaryotic genomes SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE excision; inversion; integration; recombinase; resolvase; integrase ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MYCOBACTERIOPHAGE BXB1; PHI-C31 INTEGRASE; PHAGE INTEGRASE; CRE RECOMBINASE; PLANT GENOME; GAMMA-DELTA; RES REGION; WILD-TYPE; RESOLVASE AB Site-specific recombination systems, such as the bacteriophage Cre-lox and yeast FLP-FRT systems, have become valuable tools for the rearrangement of DNA in higher eukaryotes. As a first step to expanding the repertoire of recombination tools, we screened recombination systems derived from the resolvase/invertase family for site-specific recombinase activity in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we report that seven recombination systems, four from the small serine resolvase subfamily (CinH, ParA, Tn1721, and Tn5053) and three from the large serine resolvase subfamily (Bxb1, TP901-1, and U153), can catalyze site-specific deletion in S. pombe. Those from the large serine resolvase subfamily were also capable of site-specific integration and inversion. In all cases, the recombination events were precise. Functional operation of these recombination systems in the fission yeast holds promise that they may be further developed as recombination tools for the site-specific rearrangement of plant and animal genomes. C1 Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dow@berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 465 EP 476 DI 10.1002/dvg.20237 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 100LZ UT WOS:000241671900003 PM 16981199 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Scheffler, BE Schlueter, SD Shoemaker, RC AF Schlueter, Jessica A. Scheffler, Brian E. Schlueter, Shannon D. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Sequence conservation of homeologous bacterial artificial chromosomes and transcription of homeologous genes in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; DUPLICATE GENES; GENOME ORGANIZATION; PLANT GENOMES; SEED PROTEIN; MAIZE GENOME; OIL CONTENT; EVOLUTION; RICE AB The paleopolyploid soybean genome was investigated by sequencing homeologous BAC clones anchored by duplicate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzolytransferase (HCBT) genes. The homeologous BACs were genetically mapped to linkage groups C1 and C2. Annotation of the 173,747- and 98,760-bp BACs showed that gene conservation in both order and orientation is high between homeologous regions with only a single gene insertion/deletion and local tandem duplications differing between the regions. The nucleotide sequence conservation extends into intergenic regions as well, probably due to conserved regulatory sequences. Most of the homeologs appear to have a role in either transcription/DNA binding or cellular signaling, Suggesting a potential preference for retention of duplicate genes with these functions. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of homeologs showed that in the tissues sampled, most homeologs have not diverged greatly in their transcription profiles. However, four cases of changes in transcription were identified, primarily in the HCBT gene cluster. Because a mapped locus corresponds to a soybean cyst nematode (SCN) QTL, the potential role of HCBT genes in response to SCN is discussed. These results are the first sequenced-based analysis of homeologous BACs in soybean, L diploidized palcopolyploid. C1 USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, G401 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu RI Schlueter, Shannon/C-3178-2009; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 74 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 174 IS 2 BP 1017 EP 1028 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.055020 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 102GJ UT WOS:000241798700038 PM 16888343 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW AF Ipek, Meryem Ipek, Ahmet Simon, Philipp W. TI Sequence homology of polymorphic AFLP markers in garlic (Allium sativum L.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AFLP bands; large genome size; garlic; sequence homology assessment ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RAPD; POPULATIONS; BANDS; MOBILITY; LINKAGE; CLONES; MAP AB Linkage mapping and genetic diversity studies with DNA markers in plant species assume that comigrating bands are identical, or at least that they have homologous sequences. To test this assumption in a plant with a large genome, sequence identities of 7 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers of garlic, previously used to estimate similarity in genetic diversity studies, were characterized. Among 37 diverse garlic clones, 87 bands from these 7 polymorphisms were excised, amplicons were cloned, and 2 to 6 colonies were sequenced from each band, to yield a total of 191 DNA amplicons. Of these 87 bands, 83 bands (95.4%) contained AFLP amplicons that were identical or highly homologous to the typical marker of that band; only 4 bands contained amplicons with little homology to the same-sized amplicons of other garlic clones. Of these 83 bands, 64 (73.6%) contained only highly homologous amplicons (> 90% sequence identity), whereas 19 (21.8%) contained both homologous and nonhomologous amplicons, with sequence identities less than 60%. Of the 37 nonhomologous amplicons identified, 25 (67.5%) differed in length from other amplicons in the band. Sequence conservation of AFLP amplicons followed patterns similar to phylogenetic relationships among garlic clones, making them useful for developing simple PCR-based markers in genetic mapping and diversity assessment. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1246 EP 1255 DI 10.1139/G06-092 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132LB UT WOS:000243943200005 PM 17213906 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Friesen, TL Ling, H Meinhardt, SW Oliver, RP Rasmussen, JB Faris, JD AF Liu, Zhaohui Friesen, Timothy L. Ling, Hua Meinhardt, Steven W. Oliver, Richard P. Rasmussen, Jack B. Faris, Justin D. TI The Tsn1-ToxA interaction in the wheat-Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem parallels that of the wheat-tan spot system SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; tan spot; Stagonospora nodorum; Tsn1; disease resistance ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NECROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; GLUME BLOTCH RESISTANCE; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; LEAF BLOTCH; CAUSAL AGENT; SINGLE-GENE AB The wheat tan spot fungus (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) produces a well-characterized host-selective toxin (HST) known as Ptr ToxA, which induces necrosis in genotypes that harbor the Tsn1 gene on chromosome 5B. In previous work. we showed that the Stagonospora nodorum isolate Sn2000 produces at least 2 HSTs (SnTox1 and SnToxA). Sensitivity to SnTox1 is governed by the Snn1 gene on chromosome 113 in wheat. SnToxA is encoded by a gene with a high degree of similarity to the Ptr ToxA gene. Here, we evaluate toxin sensitivity and resistance to S. nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by Sn2000 in a recombinant inbred population that does not segregate for Snn1. Sensitivity to the Sn2000 toxin preparation cosegregated with sensitivity to Ptr ToxA at the Tsn1 locus. Tsn1-disrupted mutants were insensitive to both Ptr ToxA and SnToxA, suggesting that the 2 toxins are functionally similar, because they recognize the same locus in the host to induce necrosis. The locus harboring the tsn1 allele underlies a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to SNB caused by Sn2000, and explains 62% of the phenotypic variation, indicating that the toxin is an important virulence factor for this fungus. The Tsn1 locus and several minor QTLs together explained 77% of the phenotypic variation. Therefore, the Tsn1-ToxA interaction in the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem parallels that of the wheat-tan spot system, and the wheat Tsn1 gene serves as a major determinant for susceptibility to both SNB and tan spot. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Murdoch Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, SABH, DHS, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM justin.faris@ndsu.edu RI Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009 NR 44 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1273 DI 10.1139/G06-088 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132LB UT WOS:000243943200007 PM 17213908 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, J Pathan, MS Miftahudin, OF Ross, K Ma, XF Mahmoud, AA Layton, J Rodriguez-Milia, MA Chikmawati, T Valliyodan, B Skinner, R Matthews, DE Gustafson, JP Nguyen, HT AF Ramalingam, J. Pathan, M. S. Miftahudin, O. Feril Ross, K. Ma, X. -F. Mahmoud, A. A. Layton, J. Rodriguez-Milia, M. A. Chikmawati, T. Valliyodan, B. Skinner, R. Matthews, D. E. Gustafson, J. P. Nguyen, H. T. TI Structural and functional analyses of the wheat genomes based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) related to abiotic stresses SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; EST; bin mapping; abiotic stress ID CHROMOSOME BIN MAP; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; GENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GROUP-7 CHROMOSOMES; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; FROST-RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB To gain insights into the structure and function of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genomes, we identified 278 ESTs related to abiotic stress (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and aluminum) from 7671 ESTs previously mapped to wheat chromosomes. Of the 278 abiotic stress related ESTs, 259 (811 loci) were assigned to chromosome deletion bins and analyzed for their distribution pattern among the 7 homoeologous chromosome groups. Distribution of abiotic stress related EST loci were not uniform throughout the different regions of the chromosomes of the 3 wheat genomes. Both the short and long arms of group 4 chromosomes showed a higher number of loci in their distal regions compared with proximal regions. Of the 811 loci, the number of mapped loci on the A, B, and D genomes were 258, 281, and 272, respectively. The highest number of abiotic stress related loci were found in homoeologous chromosome group 2 (142 loci) and the lowest number were found in group 6 (94 loci). When considering the genome-specific ESTs, the B genome showed the highest number of unique ESTs (7 loci), while none were found in the D genome. Similarly, considering hemoeologous group-specific ESTs, group 2 showed the highest number with 16 unique ESTs (58 loci), followed by group 4 with 9 unique ESTs (33 loci). Many of the classified proteins fell into the biological process categories associated with metabolism, cell growth, and cell maintenance. Most of the mapped ESTs fell into the category of enzyme activity (28%), followed by binding activity (27%). Enzymes related to abiotic stress such as beta-galactosidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase were identified. The comparison of stress-responsive ESTs with genomic sequences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes revealed the complexities of colinearity. This bin map provides insight into the structural and functional details of wheat genomic regions in relation to abiotic stress. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, PGRU, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Dept Plant Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Bogor 16144, Indonesia. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Pinoeer Hi Bred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, Dallas Center, IA 50063 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, PGRU, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu RI Rodriguez, Miguel/L-7340-2014; OI Rodriguez, Miguel/0000-0002-2640-5888; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090; Valliyodan, Babu/0000-0001-9457-9508 NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1324 EP 1340 DI 10.1139/G06-094 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132LB UT WOS:000243943200014 PM 17218960 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Perfect, E Martin, MA AF Pachepsky, Y. Perfect, E. Martin, M. A. TI Fractal geometry applied to soil and related hierarchical systems SO GEODERMA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, BA,ANRI,EMSL, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada ETSI Agron, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BA,ANRI,EMSL, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Rm 203,BARC E Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov; eperfect@utk.edu; miguelangel.martin@upm.es RI Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015; OI Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.03.002 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 074ZI UT WOS:000239851000001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Guber, A Jacques, D Simunek, J Van Genuchten, MT Nicholson, T Cady, R AF Pachepsky, Yakov Guber, Andrey Jacques, Diederik Simunek, Jiri Van Genuchten, Marthinus Th. Nicholson, Thomas Cady, Ralph TI Information content and complexity of simulated soil water fluxes SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Fractal Mathematics Applied to Soil and Related Heterogeneous Systems CY JUL 02-06, 2004 CL El Barco de Avila, SPAIN SP E T S I Agronomos & Dpto Mat Aplicada Ingenier Ageon, Univ Politecn Madrid ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MODEL SELECTION; FLOW AB The accuracy-based performance measures may not suffice to discriminate among soil water flow models. The objective of this work was to attempt using information theory measures to discriminate between different models for the same site. The Richards equation-based model HYDRUS-1D and a water budget-type model MWBUS were used to simulate one-year long observations of soil water contents and infiltration fluxes at various depths in a 1-m deep loamy Eutric Regosol in Bekkevoort, Belgium. We used the (a) metric entropy and (b) the mean information gain as information content measures, and (c) the effective measure complexity and (d) the fluctuation complexity as complexity measures. To compute the information content and complexity measures, time series of fluxes were encoded with the binary alphabet; fluxes greater (less) than the median value were encoded with one (zero). Fifty Monte Carlo simulation runs were performed with both models using hydraulic properties measured along a trench. The two models had the similar accuracy of water flux simulations. Precipitation input data demonstrated a moderate complexity and relatively high information content. Model outputs showed distinct differences in their relationships between complexity and information content. Overall, more complex simulated soil flux time series were obtained with the HYDRUS-1D model that was perceived to be conceptually more complex than the WMBUS model. An increase in the complexity of water flux time series occurred in parallel with the decrease in the information content. Using both complexity and information content measures allowed us to discriminate between the soil water models that gave the same accuracy of soil water flux estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Res, USNRC, Washington, DC USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, 173 Powder Mill Rd,BARC,EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2006 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.03.003 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 074ZI UT WOS:000239851000003 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. TI Efficacy of bacterial or fungal soil amendments on vegetables following peanut SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; bacteria; bell pepper; fertilizer; navy bean; peanut; rotation; weight; yield ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; RESISTANCE; FERTILIZER; ROOTS AB Amendment of soil with microorganisms during the growth cycle of one crop may affect development of succeeding crops. Species of Rhizobium bacteria or abuscular-mycorrhizal fungi were added alone to, or in combination with, potting soil in pots in a greenhouse. Controls were no amendments. Seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were planted and two levels of a combination NPK fertilizer, the recommended and one-fourth the recommended rate, were applied. After harvest of peanut and remoistening of soil, seed of the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) or navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were sown into the same planting medium in pots without additional inoculation with microbes. Dry weights of above-ground vegetative and edible portions of crops were determined. Inoculum type only affected peanut top and total dry weights. The recommended fertilizer level did not affect peanut yield but did cause improvement in bell pepper and navy bean yield over that of the deficient fertilizer rate. In field experiments, peanut was planted into soil receiving Rhizobium spp. bacteria, or arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi alone or in combination. Controls consisted of no amendment. Only the recommended fertilizer rate was used. In the next 2 years, bell pepper or navy bean were established in plots without use of additional microbial amendment. Yields and nutrient contents of crops were determined. Type of inoculum did not affect yield or nutrient content in any crop. Bell pepper marketable yield was unaffected by year, and navy bean seed yield was higher in 2004 than in 2005. In both years, navy bean yields were below U.S. averages. Concentrations of most nutrients in edible portions of bell pepper and navy bean were lower in 2004 than in 2005. Results of the field trials were generally similar to those of greenhouse studies. Use of inocula did not provide substantial benefits to yield or nutrient content of peanut or vegetable crops that followed. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74525 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74525 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane.-ag.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1399 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 086TA UT WOS:000240694700006 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, Vincent M. TI Biological amendment, fertilizer rate, and irrigation frequency for organic bell pepper transplant production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; bacteria; bell pepper; Capsicum annuum; fungus; greenhouse; medium ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INOCULATION; QUALITY; ROOTS; YIELD; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; RESISTANCE; MUSKMELON AB Use of biological amendments in vegetable transplant production may affect plant development. Rhizosphere bacteria can alter conditions in the root zone and affect plant growth even if root tissue is not colonized. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) affect plant development through symbiotic relations. Abiotic factors may mediate effects of biotic amendments. Organically certified potting medium was inoculated with a mix of Sinorhizobium sp. bacteria or a mix of AM fungi. Controls consisted of no amendment. Bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., cv. Jupiter, seed were sown in the medium and irrigated either twice a day for 3 minutes per application or three times a day for 2 minutes per application. Seedlings were treated with 8, 16, 24, or 32 mL.L-1 of an organically certified liquid fertilizer beginning 3 weeks after sowing. Use of bacteria improved plant height and dry weight. Interactions of bacteria and fertilizer rate or irrigation regime affected plant height or dry weight. When irrigated twice a day, plants were tallest when provided 16 mL.L-1 fertilizer, and heaviest when provided 24 mL.L-1 fertilizer. When irrigated three times a day, plants were taller at the lower rates of fertilizer and heaviest at the highest rate of fertilizer. Use of AM had little effect on plant height and dry weight. Most of the responses when AM was the amendment were the result of fertilizer rate and irrigation regime. When irrigated twice a day, AM-treated plants were tallest and heaviest when provided at least 24 mL.L-1 fertilizer. Regardless of biological amendment, plant heights were correlated with plant dry weights over fertilizer rates and irrigation regime. Use of Sinorhizobium sp. appeared to provide a benefit to the development of bell pepper transplants. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1407 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 086TA UT WOS:000240694700008 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA Davis, AS AF Williams, Martin M., II Boydston, Rick A. Davis, Adam S. TI Canopy variation among three sweet corn hybrids and implications for light competition SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy architecture; competitiveness; light interception; maize; weed interference; weed management; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; 4 MAIZE HYBRIDS; SUPPRESSIVE ABILITY; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; TOLERANCE; ARCHITECTURE; YIELD; INTERFERENCE; IMPROVEMENT; QUALITY AB Research in dent corn has found significant variation in crop/weed competition for light among hybrids. However, little has been published on the extent of variation in sweet corn competitive ability. Field studies were conducted under weed-free conditions to quantify canopy development and light environment among three sweet corn hybrids and to determine associations among canopy characteristics to crop yield. An early-season hybrid (Spirit) and two midseason hybrids (WHT2801 and GH2547) were grown at experimental sites located near Urbana, III., and Prosser, Wash., in 2004 and 2005. Maximum leaf area index (LAI) and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was typically highest for GH2547 and lowest for Spirit. Most differences in vertical LAI among hybrids was observed above 60 and 150 cm in Illinois and Washington, respectively, with WHT2801 and GH2547 having leaf area distributed higher in the canopy than Spirit. Both number and mass of marketable ears were positively correlated with maximum relative growth rate (correlation coefficients 0.60-0.81), leaf area duration (0.68-0.79), total LAI (0.56-0.74) at R1, and intercepted PAR (0.74-0.83) at R1. Differences in canopy properties and interception of solar radiation among Spirit, WHT2801, and GH2547 lead us to hypothesize that variation in weed-suppressive ability exists among hybrids. Future testing of this hypothesis will provide knowledge of interactions specific to sweet corn useful for developing improved weed management systems. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1454 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 086TA UT WOS:000240694700018 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Kramer, M AF Polashock, James J. Kramer, Matthew TI Resistance of blueberry cultivars to Botryosphaeria stem blight and phomopsis twig blight SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stem disease; Botryosphaeria dothidea; Phomopsis vaccinii; Vaccinium spp. ID DOTHIDEA AB Stem diseases of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) can cause significant crop loss as well as loss of entire bushes. Stem diseases are also more difficult to control with fungicides than foliar or fruit diseases. A screening program was initiated to test blueberry cultivars for resistance to two pathogenic fungi: botryosphaeria stem blight and phomopsis twig blight. An attached stem assay was developed to compare the host response with both fungi. The relative resistance of 50 blueberry cultivars was assessed using stem lesion lengths, analyzed on a log scale, taken at 4 weeks postinoculation. For Botryosphaeria stem blight, mean lesion length ranged from about 10 mm in resistant cultivars to about 140 mm in susceptible cultivars. The half-high cultivars Northsky, Northblue, and Chippewa, and the lowbush cultivar Putte were among the most resistant. Phomopsis twig blight lesions ranged in mean length from about 18 to 98 mm. Similar to results for Botryosphaeria stem blight, resistance was limited to half-high ('Northsky' and 'Chippewa') and lowbush ('Blomidon', 'Chignecto', and 'Cumberland') cultivars. Individual cultivars resistant to one pathogen were not necessarily resistant to the other; although, overall, the resistances were correlated. Approximate 95% confidence intervals were established for all cultivars to predict mean performance across years. The cultivars tested varied in resistance, but the largest single factor affecting lesion length was the fungal isolate used for inoculations. These data enable us to identify cultivars resistant to both diseases that can be used for planting in problem areas, as well as selection of parental material for breeding cultivars with improved resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM jpolashock@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1457 EP 1461 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 086TA UT WOS:000240694700020 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP AF Rudell, David R. Mattheis, James P. TI Nitric oxide and nitrite treatments reduce ethylene evolution from apple fruit disks SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.); fresh-cut; nitrogen dioxide; N-nitrosoglutathione; sodium nitroprusside ID IN-VIVO; PLANTS; ENZYME; CELLS AB 'Golden Delicious' apple [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.)] cortex disks suspended in solutions containing a nitric oxide ((NO)-N-.) donor [S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)], (NO)-N-. gas, or nitrite (KNO2) were used to identify impacts of (NO)-N-. on ethylene production and NO2- on (NO)-N-. and ethylene production. Treatment with GSNO or SNP reduced ethylene biosynthesis compared with control treatments containing equimolar concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or Na-4(CN)(6) respectively. Apple disk exposure to (NO)-N-. gas did not impact ethylene production. Treatment with NO2- resulted in increased (NO)-N-. production and decreased ethylene biosynthesis. Generation of (NO)-N-. increased linearly whereas ethylene generation decreased exponentially with increasing NO2- treatment concentration. (NO)-N-. was enhanced in autoclaved tissue disks treated with NO2-, suggesting that its production is produced at least in part by nonenzymatic means. Although this evidence shows (NO)-N-. is readily generated in apple fruit disks by NO2- treatment, and ethylene synthesis is reduced by (NO)-N-./NO2- generated in solution, the exact nature of (NO)-N-. generation from NO2- and ethylene synthesis modulation in apple fruit disks remains to be elucidated. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1462 EP 1465 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 086TA UT WOS:000240694700021 ER PT J AU Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Keever, GJ AF Fain, Glenn B. Gilliam, Charles H. Keever, Gary J. TI Tolerance of hardy ferns to selected preemergence herbicides SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachniodes simplicior 'Variegata'; Cyrtomium falcatum 'Rochfordianum'; Dryopteris erythrosora; Dryopteris ludoviciana; isoxaben; oryzalin; oxadiazon; oxyfluorfen; pendimethalin; prodiamine; trifluralin ID LEATHERLEAF FERN; WEED-CONTROL AB Hardy ferns are widely grown for use-in the landscape. The 1998 National Agricultural Statistics Services census of horticulture reported production of hardy/garden ferns at 3,107,000 containers from over 1200 nurseries. There is little research on herbicide use in hardy ferns, and herbicides that are labeled for container production are not labeled for use on hardy ferns. Studies were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of variegated east indian holly fern (Aracbniodes simplicior 'Variegata'), tassel fern (Polystichum polyblepbarum), autumn fern (Dryopteris erytbrosora), rochford's japanese holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum 'Rochfordianum'), and southern wood fern (Dryopteris ludoviciana), to applications of selected preemergence applied herbicides. Herbicides evaluated included selected granular or liquid applied preemergence herbicides. Spray-applied herbicides were pendimethalin at 3.0 or 6.0 lb/acre, prodiamine at 1.0 or 2.0 lb/acre, isoxaben at 1.0 or 2.0 lb/acre, and prodiamine + isoxaben at 1.0 + 1.0 lb/acre. Granular-applied herbicides were pendimethalin at 3.0 or 6.0 lb/acre, prodiamine at 1.0 or 2.0 lb/acre, oxadiazon + prodiamine at 1.0 + 0.2 or 2.0 + 0.4 lb/acre, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin at 2.0 + 1.0 or 4.0 + 2.0 lb/acre, trifluralin + isoxaben at 2.0 + 0.5 or 4.0 + 1.0 lb/acre, oxadiazon at 4.0 or 8.0 lb/acre, and oxadiazon + pendimethalin at 2.0 + 1.25 or 4.0 + 2.5 lb/acre. The greatest reduction in growth of autumn fern was observed with the high rates of oxadiazon, oxadiazon + pendimethalin, and oxadiazon + prodiamine. Reductions in rochford's japanese holly fern growth were most severe when plants were treated with the high rate of trifluralin + isoxaben resulting in a 66% and 72% decrease in frond length and frond number, respectively. There were also reductions in frond length and number of fronds when treated with the high rate of oxadiazon + pendimethalin. There were no reductions in frond numbers on tassel fern with any herbicides tested. However, there were reductions in frond length from four of the 10 herbicides evaluated. The most sensitive fern to herbicides evaluated in 2004 was variegated east indian holly fern with reductions in frond length and number of fronds with four of the 10 herbicides tested. Southern wood fern appeared to be quite tolerant of the herbicides tested with the exception of the high rate of oxadiazon. Granular prodiamine proved to be a safe herbicide for all species tested in both 2004 and 2005. In 2005 all plants from all treatments were considered marketable by the end of the study. The durations of both studies were over 120 days giving adequate time for any visual injury to be masked by new growth. However, there was significant visual injury observed on the rochford's japanese holly fern treated with isoxaben at 60 and 90 days after treatment, which might reduce their early marketability. C1 ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fain, GB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 605 EP 609 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 094VC UT WOS:000241266200011 ER PT J AU Bengten, E Quiniou, S Hikima, J Waldbieser, G Warr, GW Miller, NW Wilson, M AF Bengten, E. Quiniou, S. Hikima, J. Waldbieser, G. Warr, G. W. Miller, N. W. Wilson, M. TI Structure of the catfish IGH locus: analysis of the region including the single functional IGHM gene SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE immunoglobulin heavy chain locus; catfish; bacterial artificial chromosome ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN; ANTI-DINITROPHENYL ANTIBODIES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; TELEOST FISH; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; CONSTANT-REGION; LIGHT-CHAIN; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI AB The catfish IGH locus is large (similar to 1 Mb) and complex, having undergone multiple internal duplications and transpositions. To define the structure of the locus that contains the single expressed IGHM gene, two overlapping bacterial-artificial-chromosome (BAC) clones spanning the most 3 ' end of the channel catfish immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) chain locus have been completely sequenced. The analyses created a contig of 257,153 bp containing 55 VH, 6 D, 12 JH genes and the IGH constant region genes encoding the functional secreted and membrane forms of IgM and the membrane form of IgD. This analysis revealed three major features. First, no C-region genes were found aside from the previously described IGHM1 and IGHD1, with the latter gene being the most 3' C-region gene of the catfish IGH locus. There was no evidence in the region sequenced for genes that could encode an Ig class similar to the IgZ/IgT described in zebrafish, trout and pufferfish. Second, there are a high number of VH pseudogenes, 28 out of 55 (51%). In contrast, the entire zebrafish IGH locus has 40 functional VH genes and eight pseudogenes (17%). Third, an internal duplication of a 52.4-kb block of VH genes has occurred. These observations suggest that the IGH locus of teleost fish varies significantly from species to species in the diversity of C-region genes as well as the numbers of genes encoding V regions. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Bengten, E (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM ebengten@microbio.umsmed.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI19530]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062317] NR 56 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 58 IS 10 BP 831 EP 844 DI 10.1007/s00251-006-0139-9 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 094EQ UT WOS:000241222700005 PM 16941126 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, Devanand L. TI Application of green chemistry principles for extraction of phytolipids and phenolic compounds SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION B-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INCLUDING MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Green and Sustainable Chemistry CY JAN 10-13, 2006 CL Delhi, INDIA SP Delhi Univ DE functional foods; omega-3 fatty acids; phytochemicals; Butt tube; Ankom batch extractor; green chemistry ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; FUNCTIONAL FOODS; HEALTH-PROMOTION; ACIDS AB A new era of functional foods has resulted in increased interest in the omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and other phytochemicals for preventing and controlling the development of cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. The focus of the present research is to evaluate the influence of modern sample preparation technologies for extracting crude fat and phytochemicals from plant matrices utilizing fundamental principles of "green" chemistry. Optimization of extraction procedures using modern technologies significantly reduces the quantity of solvent consumed and waste generated during all extraction process. In addition, automation with modern instrumentation reduces exposure to extraction solvents and their vapour. This paper describes extraction of two classes of phytochemicals of extreme polarities, phytolipids (hydrophobic) and phenolics (hydrophilic). It compares five extraction technologies (Butt-tube, soxtec, pressurized liquid extractor, supercritical fluid extractor and Ankom batch extractor) for extraction of crude fat from three soy samples. In addition, this paper outlines a systematic approach for optimization of an extraction procedure for isolation of phytochemicals from different plant matrices using potentially bioactive phenolic compounds as a model. Applications of modern extraction technologies, in conjunction with optimized extraction procedures, will enable chemists and chemical engineers to considerably reduce the quantity of solvents Consumed and waste generated during the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals from different plant matrices. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0376-4699 J9 INDIAN J CHEM B JI Indian J. Chem. Sect B-Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2291 EP 2296 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 097GL UT WOS:000241435100007 ER PT J AU Lo, M Bulach, DM Powell, DR Haake, DA Matsunaga, J Paustian, ML Zuerner, RL Adler, B AF Lo, Miranda Bulach, Dieter M. Powell, David R. Haake, David A. Matsunaga, James Paustian, Michael L. Zuerner, Richard L. Adler, Ben TI Effects of temperature on gene expression patterns in Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai as assessed by whole-genome microarrays SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SIGMA-FACTOR; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PROTEINS; GROWTH; COPENHAGENI; SURVIVAL AB Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Humans become infected via exposure to pathogenic Leptospira spp. from infected animals or contaminated water or soil. The availability of genome sequences for Leptospira interrogans, serovars Lai and Copenhageni, has opened up opportunities to examine global transcription profiles using microarray technology. Temperature is a key environmental factor known to affect leptospiral protein expression. Leptospira spp. can grow in artificial media at a range of temperatures reflecting conditions found in the environment and the mammalian host. Therefore, transcriptional changes were compared between cultures grown at 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 39 degrees C to represent ambient temperatures in the environment, growth under laboratory conditions, and temperatures in healthy and febrile hosts. Data from direct pairwise comparisons of the four temperatures were consolidated to examine transcriptional changes at two generalized biological conditions representing mammalian physiological temperatures (37 degrees C and 39 degrees C) versus environmental temperatures (20 degrees C and 30 degrees C). Additionally, cultures grown at 30 degrees C then shifted overnight to 37 degrees C were compared with those grown long-term at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C to identify genes potentially expressed in the early stages of infection. Comparison of data sets from physiological versus environmental experiments with upshift experiments provided novel insights into possible transcriptional changes at different stages of infection. Changes included differential expression of chemotaxis and motility genes, signal transduction systems, and genes encoding proteins involved in alteration of the outer membrane. These findings indicate that temperature is an important factor regulating expression of proteins that facilitate invasion and establishment of disease. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Monash Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Struct & Funct Microbial Genom, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Adler, B (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Ben.Adler@med.monash.edu.au RI Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011 OI Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34431, R01 AI034431, R01 AI034431-09, R21 AI034431, R29 AI034431] NR 47 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 BP 5848 EP 5859 DI 10.1128/IAI.00755-06 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 090RF UT WOS:000240967900048 PM 16988264 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE Evans, JD Maleszka, R Robertson, HM Weaver, DB Worley, K Gibbs, RA Weinstock, GM AF Robinson, G. E. Evans, J. D. Maleszka, R. Robertson, H. M. Weaver, D. B. Worley, K. Gibbs, R. A. Weinstock, G. M. TI Sweetness and light: illuminating the honey bee genome SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; LINKAGE MAP; BOMBYX-MORI; SEQUENCE; GENES; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; SILKWORM C1 Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. USDA ARS, BARCE, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, ARC, Ctr Mol Genet Dev, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Bee Power LP, Navasota, TX USA. RP Weinstock, GM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza,Alkek N1619, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM gwstock@bcm.edu RI Blow, joe/C-8616-2009; Maleszka, Ryszard/A-6078-2008; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Maleszka, Ryszard/0000-0003-1855-555X; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [U54 HG003273] NR 41 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00698.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100002 PM 17069628 ER PT J AU Collins, AM Caperna, TJ Williams, V Garrett, WM Evans, JD AF Collins, A. M. Caperna, T. J. Williams, V. Garrett, W. M. Evans, J. D. TI Proteomic analyses of male contributions to honey bee sperm storage and mating SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seminal vesicles; social insect; semen; reproduction ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; SEMINAL FLUID; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; INSTRUMENTAL INSEMINATION; L SPERMATOZOA; DROSOPHILA; PROTEINS; SEMEN; QUEENS; PLUG AB Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens mate early in life and store sperm for years. Male bees likely contribute significantly to sperm survival. Proteins were extracted from seminal vesicles and semen of mature drones, separated by electrophoresis, and analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting. Computer searches against three databases, general species, honey bees and fruit flies, were performed. Spectra were used to query the recently generated honey bee genome protein list as well as general species and fruit fly databases. Of the 69 unique honey bee proteins found, 66 are also in Drosophila melanogaster. Two proteins only matched honey bee genes and one is a widespread protein lost from the fly genome. There is over-representation of genes implicated in the glycolysis pathway. Metabolism-associated proteins were found primarily in the seminal vesicle. Male accessory gland proteins as identified in Drosophila rarely had orthologs among proteins found in the honey bee. A complete listing of gel spots chosen including honey bee genome matches and Mascot searches of MALDI-TOF results with statistics is in the Supplementary table. MALDI-TOF spectra and more complete Mascot peptide mass fingerprinting data are available on request. Supplementary figs 1-3 show the stained protein gels. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM collinsa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 55 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00674.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100003 PM 17069630 ER PT J AU Peiren, N de Graaf, DC Evans, JD Jacobs, FJ AF Peiren, N. de Graaf, D. C. Evans, J. D. Jacobs, F. J. TI Genomic and transcriptional analysis of protein heterogeneity of the honeybee venom allergen Api m 6 SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelic variation; allergen; Api m 6; bee venom; signal peptide ID PEPTIDE; GENES AB Several components of honeybee venom are known to cause allergenic responses in humans and other vertebrates. One such component, the minor allergen Api m 6, has been known to show amino acid variation but the genetic mechanism for this variation is unknown. Here we show that Api m 6 is derived from a single locus, and that substantial protein-level variation has a simple genome-level cause, without the need to invoke multiple loci or alternatively spliced exons. Api m 6 sits near a misassembled section of the honeybee genome sequence, and we propose that a substantial number of indels at and near Api m 6 might be the root cause of this misassembly. We suggest that genes such as Api m 6 with coding-region or untranslated region indels might have had a strong effect on the assembly of this draft of the honeybee genome. C1 Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP de Graaf, DC (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Dirk.deGraaf@Ugent.be RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00669.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100006 PM 17069633 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DE Buck, N Evans, JD AF Wheeler, D. E. Buck, N. Evans, J. D. TI Expression of insulin pathway genes during the period of caste determination in the honey bee, Apis mellifera SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caste determination; insulin-like peptide; insulin receptor; Chico; PTEN ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; LARVAE; GROWTH; DROSOPHILA; BIOSYNTHESIS; ALLATOTROPIN; PEPTIDES; WORKER; L. AB Female honeybees have two castes, queens and workers. Developmental fate is determined by larval diet. Coding sequences made available through the Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium allow for a pathway-based approach to understanding caste determination. We examined the expression of several genes of the insulin signalling pathway, which is central to regulation of growth based on nutrition. We found one insulin-like peptide expressed at very high levels in queen but not worker larvae. Also, the gene for an insulin receptor was expressed at higher levels in queen larvae during the 2nd larval instar. These results demonstrate that the insulin pathway is a compelling candidate for pursing the relationship between diet and downstream signals involved in caste determination and differentiation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wheeler, DE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. EM dewsants@ag.arizona.edu RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00681.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100008 PM 17069635 ER PT J AU Zou, Z Lopez, DL Kanost, MR Evans, JD Jiang, HB AF Zou, Z. Lopez, Dawn L. Kanost, Michael R. Evans, Jay D. Jiang, Haobo TI Comparative analysis of serine protease-related genes in the honey bee genome: possible involvement in embryonic development and innate immunity SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; insect immunity; serine protease homolog; serpin; clip domain; phylogenetic analysis; protease cascade ID HOLOTRICHIA-DIOMPHALIA LARVAE; PROPHENOLOXIDASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINASE-2; MANDUCA-SEXTA HEMOLYMPH; PRO-PHENOL-OXIDASE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; DROSOPHILA TOLL; CDNA CLONING; MASQUERADE; HOMOLOG AB We have identified 44 serine protease (SP) and 13 serine protease homolog (SPH) genes in the genome of Apis mellifera. Most of these genes encode putative secreted proteins, but four SPs and three SPHs may associate with the plasma membrane via a transmembrane region. Clip domains represent the most abundant non-catalytic structural units in these SP-like proteins -12 SPs and six SPHs contain at least one clip domain. Some of the family members contain other modules for protein-protein interactions, including disulphide-stabilized structures (LDL(r)A, SRCR, frizzled, kringle, Sushi, Wonton and Pan/apple), carbohydrate-recognition domains (C-type lectin and chitin-binding), and other modules (such as zinc finger, CUB, coiled coil and Sina). Comparison of the sequences with those from Drosophila led to a proposed SP pathway for establishing the dorsoventral axis of honey bee embryos. Multiple sequence alignments revealed evolutionary relationships of honey bee SPs and SPHs with those in Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, and Manduca sexta. We identified homologs of D. melanogaster persephone, M. sexta HP14, PAP-1 and SPH-1. A. mellifera genome includes at least five genes for potential SP inhibitors (serpin-1 through -5) and three genes of SP putative substrates (prophenoloxidase, spatzle-1 and spatzle-2). Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed an elevation in the mRNA levels of SP2, SP3, SP9, SP10, SPH41, SPH42, SP49, serpin-2, serpin-4, serpin-5, and spatzle-2 in adults after a microbial challenge. The SP41 and SP6 transcripts significantly increased after an injection of Paenibacillus larva, but there was no such increase after injection of saline or Escherichia coli. mRNA levels of most SPs and serpins significantly increased by 48 h after the pathogen infection in 1st instar larvae. On the contrary, SP1, SP3, SP19 and serpin-5 transcript levels reduced. These results, taken together, provide a framework for designing experimental studies of the roles of SPs and related proteins in embryonic development and immune responses of A. mellifera. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jiang, HB (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM haobo.jiang@okstate.edu RI Jiang, Haobo/A-6519-2008; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; zou, zhen/C-6134-2016 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; zou, zhen/0000-0003-3550-7656 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58634, R37 GM041247, R01 GM058634, R01 GM041247, GM41247] NR 50 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00684.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100009 PM 17069636 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Aronstein, K Chen, YP Hetru, C Imler, JL Jiang, H Kanost, M Thompson, GJ Zou, Z Hultmark, D AF Evans, J. D. Aronstein, K. Chen, Y. P. Hetru, C. Imler, J. -L. Jiang, H. Kanost, M. Thompson, G. J. Zou, Z. Hultmark, D. TI Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; comparative genomics; antimicrobial peptide; American foulbrood ID PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS; JAK/STAT SIGNALING COMPONENTS; COMPLEMENT-LIKE PROTEIN; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; INNATE IMMUNITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; SERINE PROTEINASES; SOCIAL INSECT; IN-VITRO AB Social insects are able to mount both group-level and individual defences against pathogens. Here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome-wide analysis of immunity in a social insect, the honey bee Apis mellifera. We present honey bee models for each of four signalling pathways associated with immunity, identifying plausible orthologues for nearly all predicted pathway members. When compared to the sequenced Drosophila and Anopheles genomes, honey bees possess roughly one-third as many genes in 17 gene families implicated in insect immunity. We suggest that an implied reduction in immune flexibility in bees reflects either the strength of social barriers to disease, or a tendency for bees to be attacked by a limited set of highly coevolved pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. CNRS, Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Umea Univ, Ctr Mol Pathogenesis, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Jiang, Haobo/A-6519-2008; Thompson, Graham/B-6508-2008; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; zou, zhen/C-6134-2016 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; zou, zhen/0000-0003-3550-7656 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM058634, R37 GM041247] NR 79 TC 349 Z9 373 U1 16 U2 148 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 645 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00682.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100012 PM 17069638 ER PT J AU Cristino, AS Nunes, FMF Lobo, CH Bitondi, MMG Simoes, ZLP Costa, LD Lattorff, HMG Moritz, RFA Evans, JD Hartfelder, K AF Cristino, A. S. Nunes, F. M. F. Lobo, C. H. Bitondi, M. M. G. Simoes, Z. L. P. Costa, L. da Fontoura Lattorff, H. M. G. Moritz, R. F. A. Evans, J. D. Hartfelder, K. TI Caste development and reproduction: a genome-wide analysis of hallmarks of insect eusociality SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caste development; oogenesis; meiosis; UCR motifs; AlignACE ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; HONEY-BEE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SOCIAL EXPLOITATION; ECDYSONE RESPONSE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BINDING-SITES; WORKER CASTE; LINKAGE MAP AB The honey bee queen and worker castes are a model system for developmental plasticity. We used established expressed sequence tag information for a Gene Ontology based annotation of genes that are differentially expressed during caste development. Metabolic regulation emerged as a major theme, with a caste-specific difference in the expression of oxidoreductases vs. hydrolases. Motif searches in upstream regions revealed group-specific motifs, providing an entry point to cis-regulatory network studies on caste genes. For genes putatively involved in reproduction, meiosis-associated factors came out as highly conserved, whereas some determinants of embryonic axes either do not have clear orthologs (bag of marbles, gurken, torso), or appear to be lacking (trunk) in the bee genome. Our results are the outcome of a first genome-based initiative to provide an annotated framework for trends in gene regulation during female caste differentiation (representing developmental plasticity) and reproduction. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol Celular & Mol & Bioagentes Patogen, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Matemat & Estatist, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Pret, Dept Biol, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol Mol Okol, D-4010 Halle, Germany. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hartfelder, K (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biol Celular & Mol & Bioagentes Patogen, Ave Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. EM klaus@fmrp.usp.br RI Hartfelder, Klaus/A-4293-2009; Nunes, Francis/F-5871-2010; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Simoes, Zila/H-7314-2014; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; Lattorff, H. Michael/F-6287-2010; Cristino, Alexandre/A-5834-2012; Costa, Luciano/H-5475-2011; Bitondi, Marcia/E-8014-2012; Moritz, Robin/K-6053-2012 OI Hartfelder, Klaus/0000-0001-7981-8427; Nunes, Francis/0000-0002-7769-3058; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Lattorff, H. Michael/0000-0002-8603-6332; Cristino, Alexandre/0000-0002-3468-0919; Bitondi, Marcia/0000-0002-5619-6378; Moritz, Robin/0000-0003-0791-887X NR 76 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00696.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100015 PM 17069641 ER PT J AU Qin, X Evans, JD Aronstein, KA Murray, KD Weinstock, GM AF Qin, X. Evans, J. D. Aronstein, K. A. Murray, K. D. Weinstock, G. M. TI Genome sequences of the honey bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host-pathogen interaction; American foulbrood; chalkbrood ID RECLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Genome sequences offer a broad view of host-pathogen interactions at the systems biology level. With the completion of the sequence of the honey bee, interest in the relevant pathogens is heightened. Here we report the genome sequences of two of the major pathogens of honey bees, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae (causative agent for American foulbrood disease) and the fungus Ascosphaera apis. (causative agent for chalkbrood disease). Ongoing efforts to characterize the genomes of these species can be used to understand and mitigate the effects of two important pathogens, and will provide a contrast with pathogenic, benign and freeliving relatives. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77025 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, KSARC, Honey Bee Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Weinstock, GM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, 1 Baylor Plaza,Alkek N1619, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM gwstock@bcm.tmc.edu RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 17 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00694.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 099VK UT WOS:000241625100016 PM 17069642 ER PT J AU Tze, WTY Bernhardt, G Gardner, DJ Christiansen, AW AF Tze, WTY Bernhardt, G Gardner, DJ Christiansen, AW TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of wood treated with hydroxymethylated resorcinol SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE adhesion durability; primers and coupling agents; surface chemistry; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; wood ID SURFACE-ANALYSIS; CARBONATES; ESCA AB This paper attempted to use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the surface chemistry of wood treated with hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR), a coupling agent that enhances the durability of wood adhesive bonding. Wood veneers of hard maple were soaked in HMR solution for either 1, 15, or 30 min. XPS analyses showed that the treated surfaces exhibited an increase in the non-oxidized carbons (C1), a decrease in C-O bonds (C2), and an unaltered or decreased C=O or O-C-O bonds (C3), when compared to the control (unsoaked) samples. Despite these findings, the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios increased with HMR treatments, and the attributes of carbonate species (CO32- and HCO3-) were identified. Further analyses revealed that these species were of sodium salts, which also formed in sodium hydroxide (0.08 N) treatment of wood. Overall, this study paves the way for relating the surface oxidation states of the, treated wood to the adhesive bond strength, with an ultimate attempt to identify the possible roles of surface chemistry in adhesion durability of wood products. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composites Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Tze, WTY (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biobased Prod, Kaufert Lab 206, 2004 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wtze@umn.edu NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.08.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 053IN UT WOS:000238298900009 ER PT J AU Gordon, PL Vannier, E Hamada, K Layne, J Hurley, BF Roubenoff, R Castaneda-Sceppa, C AF Gordon, P. L. Vannier, E. Hamada, K. Layne, J. Hurley, B. F. Roubenoff, R. Castaneda-Sceppa, C. TI Resistance training alters cytokine gene expression in skeletal muscle of adults with type 2 diabetes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammation; muscle damage; muscle hypertrophy; strength training ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; TNF-ALPHA; INNATE IMMUNITY; EXERCISE; INFLAMMATION; CHEMOTAXIS; INHIBITION AB Resistance training results in muscle hypertrophy and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether resistance training modulates inflammation in muscles of diabetic patients remains unknown. We examined the expression of genes encoding the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) as well as the pan-leukocyte marker CD18. Thirty men and women (67 +/- 7 years) were randomized to either 16 weeks of resistance training and usual diabetes care (EX) or to usual diabetes care only (CON). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle prior to the 16-week intervention, and 72 h following the maximal strength test post-intervention. Fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined following ATPase staining. Cytokine and CD18 transcript levels were assessed by real-time PCR. Resistance training increased CSA of type I and II fibers (both P < 0.05) and IL-1 beta transcript levels (P = 0.05). TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) and TGF-beta(1) transcripts (P < 0.05) increased over time in the EX group, but these increases did not differ from those in the CON group. In both groups, the increase in CD18 transcripts remained minimal. The two groups differ by the relationship between changes in CD18 and changes in cytokine transcripts, suggesting that resistance training affects the source of cytokines in muscle. Our studies establish that resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes results in muscle fiber hypertrophy, despite a greater accumulation of inflammatory cytokine transcripts in muscle. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Castaneda-Sceppa, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM carmen.sceppa@tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054] NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOLIFE SAS PI SILVA MARINA (TE) PA VIA S STEFANO 39 BIS, 64029 SILVA MARINA (TE), ITALY SN 0394-6320 J9 INT J IMMUNOPATH PH JI Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 739 EP 749 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 125GI UT WOS:000243430000004 PM 17166396 ER PT J AU Duncan, SH Aminov, RI Scott, KP Louis, P Stanton, TB Flint, HJ AF Duncan, Sylvia H. Aminov, Rustam I. Scott, Karen P. Louis, Petra Stanton, Thaddeus B. Flint, Harry J. TI Proposal of Roseburia faecis sp nov., Roseburia hominis sp nov and Roseburia inulinivorans sp nov., based on isolates from human faeces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GUT AB Seven recently cultured bacterial isolates, although similar in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to Roseburia intestinalis L1-82(T) (DSM 14610(T)), Were not sufficiently related for inclusion within existing species, forming three separate clusters in a 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. The isolates, which were obtained from human stools, were Gram-variable or Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, slightly curved rods; cells from all strains measured approximately 0.5 x 1.5-5.0 mu m and were motile. Two strains belonging to one cluster (A2-181 and A2-183(T)) were the only strains that were able to grow on glycerol and that failed to grow on any of the complex substrates tested (inulin, xylan and amylopectin). Strains belonging to a second cluster (represented by M6/1 and M72/1(T)) differed from the other isolates in their ability to grow on sorbitol. Isolates belonging to a third cluster (L1-83 and A2-194(T)) were the only strains that failed to grow on xylose and that gave good growth on inulin (strains M6/1 and M72/1(T) gave weak growth). All strains were net acetate utilizers. The DNA G + C contents of representative Roseburia strains A2-183(T), A2-194(T), M72/1(T) and R. intestinalis L1-82(T) were 47.4, 41.4, 42.0 and 42.6 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, three novel Roseburia species are proposed, with the names Roseburia hominis sp. nov. (type strain A2-183(T) = DSM 16839(T) = NCIMB 14029(T)), Roseburia inulinivorans sp. nov. (type strain A2-194(T) = DSM 16841(T) = NCIMB 14030(T)) and Roseburia faecis sp. nov. (type strain M72/1(T) = DSM 16840(T) = NCIMB 14031(T)). C1 Rowett Res Inst, Gut Hlth Div, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Flint, HJ (reprint author), Rowett Res Inst, Gut Hlth Div, Greenburn Rd, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. EM hjf@rri.sari.ac.uk RI Aminov, Rustam/C-8764-2016; Aminov, Rustam/L-6534-2013 OI Aminov, Rustam/0000-0002-5811-8322 NR 20 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 BP 2437 EP 2441 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64098-0 PN 10 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 097KI UT WOS:000241445700033 PM 17012576 ER PT J AU Frana, TS Elsken, LA Karli, SA AF Frana, Timothy S. Elsken, Lawrence A. Karli, Steven A. TI Summary of adverse event reports for veterinary biologic products received by the USDA from 1999 through 2005 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RABIES VACCINE; DISTEMPER; FERRETS AB The USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics receives reports of adverse events associated with administration of veterinary vaccines and other biologics from veterinarians, veterinary staff, other health professionals, and animal owners. C1 Anin & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Frana, TS (reprint author), Anin & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 7 BP 1100 EP + DI 10.2460/javma.229.7.1100 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 089ML UT WOS:000240884600018 PM 17014356 ER PT J AU Doldo, NA Delmonico, MJ Bailey, JA Hand, BD Kostek, MC Rabon-Stith, KM Menon, KS Conway, JM Carignan, CR Hurley, BF AF Doldo, Neil A. Delmonico, Matthew J. Bailey, Jason A. Hand, Brian D. Kostek, Matthew C. Rabon-Stith, Karma M. Menon, Kalapurakkal S. Conway, Joan M. Carignan, Craig R. Hurley, Ben F. TI Muscle-power quality: Does sex or race affect movement velocity in older adults? SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE muscle quality; movement speed; sex differences; racial differences ID FIBER CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LEG POWER; WOMEN; AGE; STRENGTH; MEN; MOBILITY AB To determine sex and race differences in muscle power per unit of muscle contraction, knee-extensor muscle power normalized for knee-extensor muscle volume was measured in 79 middle-aged and older adults (30 men and 49 women, age range 50-85 years). Results revealed that women displayed a 38% faster peak movement velocity than men and African Americans had a 14% lower peak movement velocity than Whites of a similar age when expressed per unit of involved muscle (p < .001). As expected, men exhibited greater knee-extensor strength and peak power per unit of muscle than women, but women had a faster knee-extension movement velocity per unit of muscle than men at the same relative strength level. Moreover, African Americans had greater knee-extensor muscle volume than Whites but exhibited lower knee-extensor strength and lower movement velocity per unit of muscle when tested at the same relative strength levels. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Space Syst Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Doldo, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [1-AG-4-2148, AG-1620501] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 411 EP 422 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 098GQ UT WOS:000241509400004 PM 17215559 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Catangui, MA AF Riedell, Walter E. Catangui, Michael A. TI Greenhouse studies of soybean aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) effects on plant growth, seed yield and composition SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid; Aphis glycines Matsumura; soybean; Glycine max L. Merrill; seed yield; seed composition; plant insect interactions AB There is little published information available that describes the effects of soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura, Hemiptera: Aphididae) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth, yield, and seed composition. The objective of this research was to measure how soybean growth, yield, and yield components are affected by soybean aphid infestations under controlled environments. Greenhouse-grown plants were infested with aphids at the first node stage (V1), the third node stage (V3), the beginning bloom stage (R1), the full pod stage (R4), and the beginning maturity stage (R7). Aphids remained on the plants for a total of 6,000 aphid-d (e.g. 600 aphids present for 10 days) after which time the insects were removed with insecticide. Increases in stem length, as compared with uninfested controls, were observed in plants infested at the V1 and V3 stages but not at the R7 development stage. Aphid infestation had no significant effect on seed yield, number of pods plant(-1), or number of seeds pod(-1). Aphid treatment reduced seed number plant(-1). Individual seed weights were greater in aphid infested plants than control when treated at the V1 and V3 development stage but were not different when aphids were applied to plants in the reproductive stages. Seed protein concentration was not affected by aphid infestation treatment. Infestation at the R4 and R7 stages resulted in dramatic reductions in seed oil concentrations compared with controls. Although aphid injury in this study did not lead to a significant loss in total seed yield, aphid-induced reductions in oil concentration suggest that seed composition responses to aphid injury should be an important consideration when conducting research to develop IPM systems for this soybean pest. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V44FF UT WOS:000202987900004 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Shepard, BM AF Shapiro, Martin Shepard, B. Merle TI The gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus as a synergist for baculoviruses against beet armyworm, fall armyworm and corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecta; nucleopolyhedroviruses; biological activity; synergism AB The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV was tested as a synergist for nucleopolyhedroviruses against Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (HObner), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The addition of the gypsy moth NPV significantly decreased the LC(50)s of AcMNPV, AfMNPV, GmMNPV, HaMNPV, HzSNPV, PxMNPV, RoMNPV, SeMNPV, and SfMNPV. In the case of the corn earworm, H. zea, the most active virus was the homologous virus HzSNPV. The addition of LdMNPV increased the activity of HzSNPV by 8.7-fold. Whereas LdMNPV increased the activities of each NPV against H. zea, none of the combinations were as active as HzSNPV alone. The most active NPV against the beet arinyworm, S. exigua, was HaMNPV. AcMNPV and RoMNPV were comparable in activity with that of the homologous virus SeMNPV. The most active combinations against the beet armyworm were AfMNPV/LdMNPV and HaMNPV/LdMNPV, which were 7.5- and 4.4-fold more active that the SeMNPV/LdMNPV combination. The homologous NPV SfMNPV was the most active against fall armyworm, S. frugiperda, larvae, and the most active combination was SfMNPV/LdMNPV. These data indicate that the gypsy moth NPV could be used in combination with the homologous NPVs to increase the potencies of HzSNPV, SeMNPV, and SfMNPV against the corn earworm, beet arinyworm, and fall armyworm, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 243 EP 251 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V44FF UT WOS:000202987900006 ER PT J AU Tarpley, L Sassenrath, GF AF Tarpley, L. Sassenrath, G. F. TI Carbohydrate profiles during cotton floral bud (Square) development SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthesis; carbohydrate composition; cotton; floral bud; plant growth and development; sucrose ID EPHEMERAL DAYLILY FLOWER; STALK ELONGATION; WATER RELATIONS; PLANT-TISSUES; PETALS; PHLOEM; MODEL; INVERTASE; EXPANSION; FRUCTAN AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) flower's showy corolla expands rapidly, then senesces quickly. Efficient opening of corollas is important for self- and cross-pollination, and indirectly lint yield. Carbohydrate relations are integral to bud water relations and growth, although they are not well understood. Soluble sugars and starch in developing floral buds and flowers of field-grown cotton plants were analysed. Buds contained significantly more sugar than starch. Sucrose and its hydrolysis products strongly contributed to increased sugars during corolla expansion, and contributed -0.211 MPa to osmotic potential. Water concentration was constant throughout expansion at 860 g kg(-1) FW, suggesting sucrose import and hydrolysis are coordinated with other drivers of expansion. Floral sugar content declined sharply during senescence (69 % in 24 h). Although remobilization to other organs could partially explain this decline, we suggest the possibility that most sugar is broken down via respiration, resulting in the production of metabolic water and the significant 7 % increase in floral water concentration during senescence. In summary, imported sucrose and its hydrolysis products increased rapidly during cotton floral bud growth, and supported bud expansion by decreasing the water potential of bud tissue. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tarpley, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM ltarpley@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 192 IS 5 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00224.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 086OP UT WOS:000240683200005 ER PT J AU Porch, TG AF Porch, T. G. TI Application of stress indices for heat tolerance screening of common bean SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; stress index; temperature response ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; INHERITANCE; GENOTYPES; YIELD AB Common bean is adapted to relatively cool climatic conditions and temperatures of > 30 degrees C during the day or > 20 degrees C at night result in yield reduction. The long-term goal of breeding for heat tolerance is the development of germplasm with improved field level tolerance under variable temperature conditions. Using previously developed stress indices, this study presents results from high temperature screening of 14 genotypes in both the greenhouse and field in Puerto Rico. A total of three sets of paired trials were conducted in the field and in the greenhouse under high temperature (stress) and lower temperature (low-stress) conditions. The geometric mean (GM), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were used to evaluate the genotypic performance under stress and low-stress conditions. The results indicate that it was possible to identify superior genotypes for heat tolerance based on their stress indices. In this evaluation of heat tolerance indices, STI and GM, although correlated, were found to be effective stress indices for the selection of genotypes with good yield potential under stress and low-stress conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM maytp@ars-grin.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 192 IS 5 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00229.x PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 086OP UT WOS:000240683200008 ER PT J AU Tauck, SA Berardinelli, JG Geary, TW Johnson, NJ AF Tauck, S. A. Berardinelli, J. G. Geary, T. W. Johnson, N. J. TI Resumption of postpartum luteal function of primiparous, suckled beef cows exposed continuously to bull urine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Western Section of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUN, 2005 CL Las Cruces, NM SP Amer Soc Anim Sci, Western Sect DE biostimulation; bovine; bull urine; pheromone; postpartum interval ID MATURE BULLS; INTERVAL; ESTRUS AB The objective of this experiment was to determine if continuous exposure to bull urine alters resumption of ovarian cycling activity of primiparous, suckled beef cows. We tested the hypotheses that interval from urine exposure to resumption of luteal activity and proportions of cows that resume luteal activity by the end of the urine-exposure period do not differ between cows exposed to mature bull urine or steer urine. Thirty-eight Angus (A) x Hereford (H) cows, 4 mature A x H bulls and four 10-mo-old A x H steers, were used in this study. Cows were stratified by calving date, cow BW, calf BW, calf sex, dystocia score, and BCS; fitted with a controlled urine delivery device 2 wk before the start of treatments; and assigned randomly to be ex-posed continuously (24 h/d) to bull urine (n = 19) or steer urine (n = 19) beginning 40 d after calving. Urine was collected from bulls and steers every third day of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from cows starting on d 0 and every third day thereafter until the end of the exposure period (similar to 64 d). Likewise, controlled urine delivery devices were filled and refilled on the same schedule. Neither interval from urine exposure to resumption of luteal activity nor proportions of cows that resumed luteal activity during the urine-exposure period differed between cows exposed to bull urine or steer urine. We concluded that continuous exposure to mature bull urine does not affect resumption of luteal activity of primiparous, suckled beef cows. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Berardinelli, JG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jgb@montana.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2708 EP 2713 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-181 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 086KB UT WOS:000240671100014 PM 16971572 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Al-Hassan, MJ Fricke, PM Echternkamp, SE AF Roberts, A. J. Al-Hassan, M. J. Fricke, P. M. Echternkamp, S. E. TI Large variation in steroid concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins exists among individual small antral follicles collected from within cows at random stages of the estrous cycle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; estradiol; follicle; insulin-like growth factor binding protein; ovary; progesterone ID BOVINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; THECAL CELLS; OVARIAN FOLLICULOGENESIS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; BEEF-CATTLE; FACTOR-I; GRANULOSA; ESTRADIOL; SELECTION AB Variation in the biochemical status of individual small (<= 5 mm diameter) antral follicles within the ovaries of a cow at any given time likely influences the capacity for undergoing recruitment, selection, and establishing dominance. The objectives of this study were to provide insight into the magnitude of variation in follicular fluid concentrations of steroids and activities of IGFBP that exists among individual small antral follicles within and between cows, and to determine the relationships between follicular fluid IGFBP and steroid concentrations in these follicles. A total of 108 small antral follicles were collected from 6 cows at random stages of the estrous cycle, with 10 to 26 follicles/cow. Concentrations of steroids (ng/mL of follicular fluid) in the overall population of follicles ranged from 0.1 (lowest detectable limit) to 51 for estradiol (E-2), 4 to 1,149 for progesterone (P-4), and 5 to 504 for androstenedione (A(4))- Concentrations of E-2 and A(4) were associated positively (r = 0.2; P < 0.02), but E-2 (r = -0.4) and A(4) (r = -0.4) were associated negatively, with P-4. The proportion of variation in steroid concentrations accounted for by differences among animals (P < 0.05) was small for E-2 (12%), moderate for P-4 (43%), and greatest for A(4) (74%). Least differences between mini-mum and maximum concentrations of steroids observed in follicles from within a cow were 21-, 5.5-, and 3.5-fold for E-2, P-4, and A(4), respectively, whereas the greatest differences between minimum and maximum concentrations were 505-, 108-, and 26-fold for E-2, P-4, and A(4), respectively. Ranges of IGFBP concentrations (arbitrary densitometer units) detected in fluid from a subsample of 43 follicles were 1.18 to 4.50 for IGFBP-3, 0.54 to 4.68 for IGFBP-2, 0.07 to 2.56 for IGFBP-4, and 0.01 to 6.71 for IGFBP-5. Concentrations of E-2 were correlated negatively with each IGFBP (r = -0.4 to -0.8; P < 0.05) except IGFBP-3. In contrast, concentrations of A(4) were correlated positively with IGFBP-3 (r = 0.4; P < 0.05) but were not correlated with other IGFBP. Concentrations Of P-4 were correlated positively (r > 0.4; P < 0.05) with IGFBP-4 and -5. The results indicate that steroid concentrations and IGFBP activities vary substantially among small antral follicles collected from within and among individual animals and that increasing production of E-2, the hallmark of a developing follicle, was associated with reduced activity of all IGFBP except IGFBP-3, thereby implicating these IGFBP in the regulation of follicular recruitment. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM andy@larrl.ars.usda.gov OI Fricke, Paul/0000-0002-1488-7672 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2714 EP 2724 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-077 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 086KB UT WOS:000240671100015 PM 16971573 ER PT J AU Folador, JF Karr-Lilienthal, LK Parsons, CM Bauer, LL Utterback, PL Schasteen, CS Bechtel, PJ Fahey, GC AF Folador, J. F. Karr-Lilienthal, L. K. Parsons, C. M. Bauer, L. L. Utterback, P. L. Schasteen, C. S. Bechtel, P. J. Fahey, G. C., Jr. TI Fish meals, fish components, and fish protein hydrolysates as potential ingredients in pet foods SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish substrate; palatability; pet food; protein quality ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; BIOGENIC-AMINES; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; DOG DIETS; ACID; SOLUBILITY; EFFICIENCY; SOLUBLES; POULTRY; QUALITY AB An experiment to determine the chemical composition and protein quality of 13 fish substrates (pollock by-products, n = 5; fish protein hydrolysates, n = 5; and fish meals, n = 3) was conducted. Two of these substrates, salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) and salmon meal with crushed bones (SMB), were used to determine their palatability as components of dog diets. Pollock by-products differed in concentrations of CP, crude fat, and total AA by 71, 79, and 71%, respectively, and GE by 4.1 kcal/g. Fish protein hydrolysates and fish meals were less variable (approximately 18, 14, and 17%, and 1.4 kcal/g, respectively). Biogenic amine concentrations were much higher in fish protein hydrolysates as compared with pollock by-products and fish meals. Pollock liver and viscera had the highest total fatty acid concentrations; however, red salmon hydrolysate and SMB had the highest total PUFA concentrations (49.63 and 48.60 mg/g, respectively). Salmon protein hydrolysate had the highest protein solubility in 0.2% KOH. Based on calculations using immobilized digestive enzyme assay values, lysine digestibility of fish meal substrates was comparable to in vivo cecectomized rooster assay values and averaged approximately 90.3%. Also, pollock milt, pollock. viscera, red salmon hydrolysate, and sole hydrolysate had comparable values as assessed by immobilized digestive enzyme assay and rooster assays. A chick protein efficiency ratio (PER) assay compared SMB and SPH to a whole egg meal control and showed that SMB had high protein quality (PER = 3.5), whereas SPH had poor protein quality (PER value less than 1.5). However, using whole egg meal as the reference protein, both fish substrates were found to be good protein sources with an essential AA index of 1.0 and 0.9 for SMB and SPH, respectively. In the dog palatability experiments, a chicken-based control diet and 2 diets containing 10% of either SPH or SMB were tested. Dogs consumed more of the SPH diet compared with the control, and similar amounts of the SMB and control diets. The intake ratios for each were 0.73 and 0.52, respectively. Salmon protein hydrolysate was especially palatable to dogs. These data suggest that chemical composition and nutritional quality of fish substrates differ greatly and are affected by the specific part of the fish used to prepare fish meals and fish protein hydrolysates. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Novus Int Inc, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fahey, GC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gcfahey@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2752 EP 2765 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-560 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 086KB UT WOS:000240671100019 PM 16971577 ER PT J AU Geesink, GH Kuchay, S Chishti, AH Koohmaraie, M AF Geesink, G. H. Kuchay, S. Chishti, A. H. Koohmaraie, M. TI mu-Calpain is essential for postmortem proteolysis of muscle proteins SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mu-calpain; meat tenderization; postmortem; proteolysis ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; OVINE CARCASSES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BEEF TENDERNESS; TENDERIZATION AB The objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that R-calpain is largely responsible for postmortem proteolysis of muscle proteins. To accomplish this objective, we compared proteolysis of known muscle proteins in muscles of wild type and mu-calpain knockout mice during postmortem storage. Knockout mice (n = 6) were killed along with control mice (n = 6). Hind limbs were removed and stored at 4 degrees C. Muscles were dissected at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem and subsequently analyzed for degradation of nebulin, dystrophin, metavinculin, vinculin, desmin, and troponin T. In a separate experiment, hind limb muscles from knockout (n = 4) and control mice (n = 4) were analyzed at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem using casein zymography to confirm that mu-calpain activity was knocked out in muscle and to determine whether or not m-calpain is activated in murine postmortem muscle. Cumulatively, the results of the first experiment indicated that postmortem proteolysis was largely inhibited in mu-calpain knockout mice. The results of the second experiment established the absence of mu-calpain in the muscle tissue of knockout mice and confirmed the results of an earlier study that m-calpain is active in postmortem murine muscle. The results of the current study show that even in a species in which m-calpain is activated to some extent postmortem, mu-calpain is largely responsible for postmortem proteolysis. This observation excludes a major role for any of the other members of the calpain family or any other proteolytic system in postmortem proteolysis of muscle proteins. Therefore, understanding the regulation of mu-calpain in postmortem muscle should be the focus of further research on postmortem proteolysis and tenderization of meat. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. CCL Res, NL-5462 Veghel, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI kuchay, shafi/F-5182-2011; Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 45 TC 82 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2834 EP 2840 DI 10.2527/jas.20060-122 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 086KB UT WOS:000240671100028 PM 16971586 ER PT J AU Min, BR Pinchak, WE Anderson, RC Hume, ME AF Min, B. R. Pinchak, W. E. Anderson, R. C. Hume, M. E. TI In vitro bacterial growth and in vivo ruminal microbiota populations associated with bloat in steers grazing wheat forage SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; frothy bloat; gas production; methane; rumen ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA; RUMINOCOCCUS-ALBUS; CONDENSED TANNINS; RUMEN BACTERIA; RESERVE GLUCAN; PASTURE BLOAT; CATTLE AB The role of ruminal bacteria in the frothy bloat complex common to cattle grazing winter wheat has not been previously determined. Two experiments, one in vitro and another in vivo, were designed to elucidate the effects of fresh wheat forage on bacterial growth, biofilm complexes, rumen fermentation end products, rumen bacterial diversity, and bloat potential. In Exp. 1, 6 strains of ruminal bacteria (Streptococcus bovis strain 26, Prevotella ruminicola strain 23, Eubacterium ruminantium B1C23, Ruminococcus albus SY3, Fibrobacter succinogenes ssp. S85, and Ruminococcus flauefaciens C94) were used in vitro to determine the effect of soluble plant protein from winter wheat forage on specific bacterial growth rate, biofilm complexes, VFA, and ruminal H-2 and CH4 in mono or coculture with Methanobrevibacter smithii. The specific growth rate in plant protein medium containing soluble plant protein (3.27% nitrogen) was measured during a 24-h incubation at 39 degrees C in Hungate tubes under a CO2 gas phase. A monoculture of M. smithii was grown similarly, except under H-2:CO2 (1:1), in a basal methanogen growth medium supplemented likewise with soluble plant protein. In Exp. 2, 6 ruminally carmulated steers grazing wheat forage were used to evaluate the influence of bloat on the production of biofilm complexes, ruminal microbial biodiversity patterns, and ruminal fluid protein fractions. In Exp. 1, cultures of R. albus (P < 0.01) and R. flavefaciens (P < 0.05) produced the most H-2 among strains and resulted in greater (P < 0.01) CH4 production when cocultured with M. smithii than other coculture combinations. Cultures of S. bovis and E. ruminantium + M. smithii produced the most biofilm mass among strains. In Exp. 2, when diets changed from bermudagrass hay to wheat forage, biofilm production increased (P < 0.01). Biofilm production, concentrations of whole ruminal content (P < 0.01), and cheesecloth filtrate protein fractions (P < 0.05) in the ruminal fluid were greater on d 50 for bloated than for nonbloated steers when grazing wheat forage. The molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA showed that 2 different ruminal microbiota populations developed between bloated and nonbloated animals grazing wheat forage. Bloat in cattle grazing wheat pastures may be caused by increased production of biofilm, resulting from a diet-influenced switch in the rumen bacterial population. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Min, BR (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2873 EP 2882 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-399 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 086KB UT WOS:000240671100033 PM 16971591 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Sarreal, CZ Duffy, B Stanker, LH AF Ravva, S. V. Sarreal, C. Z. Duffy, B. Stanker, L. H. TI Survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in wastewater from dairy lagoons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aeration; circulated wastewater; coliforms; dairy lagoons; E coli O157 : H7; survival ID NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; REAL-TIME PCR; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MANURE SLURRY; BOVINE MANURE; BEEF-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; AERATION; PATHOGEN; STRAINS AB Aim: To determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy wastewater from on-site holding lagoons equipped with or without circulating aerators. Methods and Results: Survival was monitored in dairy lagoon microcosms equipped with or without scale-size circulators. Both laboratory strains of E. coli O157:H7 and an isolate of E. coli H7 from wastewater had poor survival rates and none proliferated in water from waste lagoons with or without circulators. Furthermore, the decline of E. coli O157:H7 was not enhanced in those microcosms equipped with circulators. Strain variation in survival was observed in both circulated and settling waters. The decline rate of E. coli O157:H7 Odwalla strain increased proportionately with the inoculum load. Escherichia coli failed to establish itself in wastewater even after four sequential inoculations simulating continuous faecal input into the lagoon. The native aerobic bacteria survived longer with a decimal reduction time of 21.3 days vs either introduced or native E. coli, which declined rapidly with decimal reduction time of 0.5-9.4 days. Conclusions: Escherichia coli O157:H7 failed to establish and proliferate in dairy wastewater microcosms equipped with or without circulating aerators. Significance and Impact of the study: This study furthers our knowledge of pathogen survival in wastewater, and suggests that proper management of wastewater before its use in irrigation is essential to reduce pathogen transfer to crops. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Swiss Fed Res Inst Fruit Prod Viticulture & Hort, Wadenswil, Switzerland. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM subba@pw.usda.gov NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 101 IS 4 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02956.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083FF UT WOS:000240441100016 PM 16968301 ER PT J AU Ford, PL Johnson, GV AF Ford, P. L. Johnson, G. V. TI Effects of dormant- vs. growing-season fire in shortgrass steppe: Biological soil crust and perennial grass responses SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; Buchloe dactyloides; biological soil crust; fire; shortgrass steppe ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; NORTH-AMERICA; RECOVERY; DESERT; PRAIRIE; UTAH; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; BASIN AB This research experimentally examined seasonal effects of fire on biological soil crusts and perennial grasses in shortgrass steppe. We predicted dormant-season fire would have greater negative effects on biological soil crusts than fire during the growing season, but less of an impact on perennial grasses than fire during the growing season. Treatments were dormant- and growing-season fires and unburned reference condition plots. Response variables included biological soil crust and grass percent ground cover, and crust nitrogen fixation and chlorophyll a content. Results indicated shortgrass steppe can recover from fire in three to 30 months, dependent on fire season. Burning during the dormant-season had little effect on grass cover, but decreased nitrogen fixation and reduced chlorophyll a content in crusts. Growing-season fire negatively impacted grass cover, but reduced the impact of fire on soil crusts. Most of the fire effects in this study were of relatively short duration and strongly tied to weather patterns. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ford, PL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM plford@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.01.020 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061SG UT WOS:000238892100001 ER PT J AU Muscha, JM Hild, AL AF Muscha, J. M. Hild, A. L. TI Biological soil crusts in grazed and ungrazed Wyoming sagebrush steppe SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE lichen; moss; quadrat; rangeland exclosures; sandy loam soils; transect ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; CANYON-NATIONAL-PARK; MICROPHYTIC CRUSTS; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; VEGETATION; RECOVERY; DESERT; UTAH; COMMUNITY; IMPACT AB Biological soil crusts are regarded as an indicator of healthy landscapes. To understand the response of biological soil crusts to grazing in northern sagebrush steppe, we examined nine Artemisia-dominated sites in Wyoming where livestock have been excluded for 32-45 years. Using two common sampling methods (20 m line transects and 0.25 m(2) quadrats) we determined biological soil crust cover and richness inside and outside exclosures. Total biological soil crust cover did not differ inside and outside the exclosures at any of the nine sites, regardless of monitoring method. Cover of biological soil crusts using the transect method ranged from 2% to 8% inside and 1% to 6% outside the exclosure. Cover of biological soil crusts using the quadrat method ranged from 2% to 11% inside and 2% to 9% outside the exclosure. Fruticose lichen cover was greater outside the exclosure at two sites (Poison Spider and Lander Ant) using the quadrat method. Both methods show a decrease in moss outside exclosures when assessed across all sites. Lichen and moss richness ranged from 5 to 15 species at each site. Fourteen of the 34 species collected throughout the sites were found only at one of the nine sites, and they did not all occur together or at the same site. Our results suggest that 32-45 years of grazing removal has not increased soil lichen cover but did increase moss cover inside exclosures. Distinguishing biological soil crusts by morphological groups aided recognition of differences that would not be apparent in an analysis by species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Muscha, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM jennifer@larrl.ars.usda.gov; annhild@uwyo.edu NR 36 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 2 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.010 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090GH UT WOS:000240938200002 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Hossain, MS AF Bartelt, Robert J. Hossain, Mofakhar S. TI Development of synthetic food-related attractant for Carpophilus davidsoni and its effectiveness in the stone fruit orchards in southern Australia SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitidulidae; Carpophilus davidsoni; attractant; wind tunnel; SPME; host volatiles; field test; peach; fermenting peach juice; synthetic blend ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; AIR STREAMS; SAP BEETLE; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; VOLATILES; PHEROMONE; QUANTITATION; SYSTEM; SPP. AB An effective synthetic attractant, based on host-related volatile compounds, was developed for the nitidulid beetle, Carpophilus davidsoni, as part of a program for managing this pest in Australian peach orchards. Fermenting peach juice and whole peaches and nectarines served as chemical models for the attractant, and synthetic formulations were sought that matched the natural sources, both with respect to emission rates of key chemicals (in ng/min) and attractiveness to flying beetles. All volatile sources were kept in airstreams during laboratory chemical measurements, and these airstreams were subsequently directed to the wind-tunnel behavioral assay, allowing the determined emission rates of compounds to be associated with particular levels of attractiveness. Chemical sampling of airstreams was by solid-phase microextraction, and analysis was by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A volatile delivery system was coupled to the wind tunnel and allowed facile manipulation of natural and synthetic scents. The final blend, modeled after fermenting peach juice, contained ethanol as the main constituent and 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate as minor constituents, all in water solution. Blend components were synergistic, and use of a mixture was essential for optimal attractiveness. The synthetic blend was highly effective in the field and is intended to replace fermenting peach juice and overripe peaches, which were previously used as synergists of the Carpophilus spp. aggregation pheromones in attract-and-kill stations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bartelrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2145 EP 2162 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9135-7 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096TS UT WOS:000241400300004 PM 16972181 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Schneidmiller, RG Hoover, DR Young, K Welshons, DO Margaryan, A Aldrich, JR Chauhan, KR AF Zhang, Qing-He Schneidmiller, Rodney G. Hoover, Doreen R. Young, Kevin Welshons, Dewayne O. Margaryan, Armenak Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Male-produced pheromone of the green lacewing, Chrysopa nigricornis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hoverfly; attractant; pheromone; iridodial; methyl salicylate; 2-phenylethanol; nepetalactone; nepetalactol; 1-tridecene; GC-EAD; field flight behavioral assay ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; BENEFICIAL INSECTS; METHYL SALICYLATE; ACOUSTICAL COMMUNICATION; APHID PREY; NEUROPTERA; ATTRACTANT; OCULATA; BEETLE; CARNEA AB Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis showed that male antennae of the green lacewing, Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister, the most common lacewing species in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, consistently responded to two compounds in thoracic extracts of conspecific males: 1-tridecene and (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected in extracts of the abdominal cuticle, and no other antennally active compounds were found in the abdominal samples. In field-trapping experiments, traps baited with iridodial significantly attracted large numbers of C. nigricornis males (both western and eastern forms) during summer and early fall, plus a few individuals of conspecific females only in early fall. Iridodial also attracted males of the goldeneyed lacewing, C. oculata Say, and, to a lesser extent, C. coloradensis Banks males. Methyl salicylate (MS), reported as an attractant for both sexes of C. nigricornis and C. oculata, was inactive by itself at the concentration tested in our study, but in a few instances slightly enhanced the responses of Chrysopa spp. to iridodial. However, MS alone and its binary blend with iridodial seemed to attract the hoverfly, Metasyrphus americanus (Weidemann). 2-Phenylethanol, a reported attractant for another lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) [=carnea (Say)], did not capture any lacewings. Our assays indicated that the lacewing pheromone, iridodial, loaded onto either rubber septa or as a binary blend with MS in polyethylene bags could last at least 5 wk in the field during the summer season. Based on this study, a new attractant system for green lacewings is being developed for both domestic and international markets. C1 Sterling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, QH (reprint author), Sterling Int Inc, 3808 N Sullivan Rd,Bldg 16BV, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. EM qing-he@rescue.com NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2163 EP 2176 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9137-5 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096TS UT WOS:000241400300005 PM 16969703 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Production and predator-induced release of volatile chemicals by the plant bug Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Heteroptera; Miridae center dot(E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal; hexyl butyrate; (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate; Pogonomyrmex rugosus; Solenopsis xyloni; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; initial discharge percentage; defensive secretion ID PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; KNIGHT HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; BEETLE; MALES AB Both sexes of adult western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae), released three volatile chemicals in relatively large amounts when attacked by ants (Pogonomyrmex rugosus and Solenopsis xyloni) or when grabbed by forceps, as determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative amounts of the volatile compounds, hexyl butyrate, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, absorbed by SPME as a percentage of the largest were 100%, 44%, and 4%, respectively, from females, and 83%, 37%, and 3% from males. Both ant species were repelled by the defensive discharges (confirmed by SPME) when the ants attacked L. hesperus adults. Sexually mature L. hesperus were individually extracted in pentane to quantify the mean amounts of hexyl butyrate (14.9 mu g/female; 10.3 mu g/male), (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (2.7 mu g/female; 3.1 mu g/male), and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (1.2 mu g/female; 0.6 mu g/male). (E)-4-Oxo-2-hexenal was unstable in solvent when in contact with a macerated adult, but relatively stable when the solution was decanted within minutes. The production of the three major volatile components began soon after the emergence of the adult and amounts increased for about 5-10 d with little or no increase thereafter. Minor additional constituents were cross-correlated in many cases with the three major ones. A cost of defensive secretion is suggested for females but not for males, because heavier females produced more volatile compounds than lighter females. The initial discharge percentage, defined as the proportion of volatile compounds initially present that is discharged to defend against predation was estimated at about 50% in males and 70% in females. Newly eclosed adults did not produce volatile chemicals until 2 d after molting. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AR 85239 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2205 EP 2218 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9140-x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096TS UT WOS:000241400300008 PM 17001534 ER PT J AU Kim, S Frye, JG Hu, JX Fedorka-Cray, PJ Gautom, R Boyle, DS AF Kim, Seonghan Frye, Jonathan G. Hu, Jinxin Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Gautom, Romesh Boyle, David S. TI Multiplex PCR-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; FLAGELLAR ANTIGENS; DNA MICROARRAY; PULSENET; STRAINS; HYBRIDIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; POLYMORPHISM; TYPHIMURIUM; SEQUENCE AB A multiplex PCR method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in Washington State and the United States in general. Six genetic loci from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and four from S. enterica serovar Typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex PCRs. The assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of S. enterica subsp. enterica. Of these, 22 serotypes gave unique amplification patterns compared with each other and the other 8 serotypes were grouped into four pairs. These were further resolved by two additional PCRs. We compared the data from PCR serotyping with conventional serotyping and found that PCR serotyping was nearly as discriminatory as conventional serotyping was. The results from a blind test screening Ill clinical isolates revealed that 97% were correctly identified using the multiplex PCR assay. The assay can be easily performed on multiple samples with final results in less than 5 h and, in conjunction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, forms a very robust test method for the molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Boyle, DS (reprint author), Washington State Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs, 1610 NE 150th St, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. EM david.boyle@doh.wa.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 40 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3608 EP 3615 DI 10.1128/JCM.00701-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 093AF UT WOS:000241138800023 PM 16943358 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Drake, MA Corral, FJM Prieto, VMG Gardea, AA AF Van Hekken, D. L. Drake, M. A. Molina Corral, F. J. Guerrero Prieto, V. M. Gardea, A. A. TI Mexican Chihuahua cheese: Sensory profiles of young cheese SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hispanic-style cheese; flavor; texture; raw milk ID CHEDDAR CHEESE; TEXTURE; LECITHIN AB Sensory profiles of fresh semihard Chihuahua cheese produced in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua were developed to characterize the flavors and textures of this traditionally made Hispanic-style cheese. Multiple allotments of Chihuahua cheese, 9 brands made with raw milk (RM) and 5 brands made with pasteurized milk (PM), were obtained within 3 d of manufacture from 12 different cheese plants throughout Chihuahua, Mexico. Cheeses were shipped overnight to Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, and flavor analyses were conducted within 14 to 18 d after manufacture. Four brands (2 RM and 2 PM cheeses) were then selected and multiple allotments were shipped at 3 distinct seasons over a 1-yr period for evaluation of flavor and texture. Microbial analysis was conducted prior to testing to ensure product safety. Descriptive analyses of cheese flavors and textures were conducted with panelists trained to use a universal or product-specific Spectrum intensity scale, respectively. Sensory profiles of cheeses varied among the different manufacturers. The most prominent flavor attributes were salty, sour, diacetyl, cooked, whey, bitter, and milk-fat. The RM cheeses had more intense sour, bitter, and prickle scores than the PM cheeses. Many cheese texture attributes were similar, but RM cheeses were perceived as softer than PM cheeses. As the demand for Hispanic-style cheeses increases, defining and understanding the sensory attributes of traditionally made Mexican cheeses provides guidance to cheese manufacturers as new ways are explored to improve the production and shelf life of the cheeses. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. CIAD, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dvanhekken@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3729 EP 3738 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082EK UT WOS:000240369300001 PM 16960047 ER PT J AU Brito, AF Broderick, GA AF Brito, A. F. Broderick, G. A. TI Effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE production; nitrogen utilization; dairy cow ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; TRANS-C-18/1 FATTY-ACIDS; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; DRY-MATTER CONTENT; INTERNAL MARKERS; PROTEIN-LEVEL; DUODENAL FLOW; FORAGE; RUMEN; PERFORMANCE AB Twenty-eight (8 ruminally cannulated) lactating, multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by DIM and randomly assigned to 7 replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares (28-d periods) to investigate the effects of different dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (AS) to corn silage (CS) on production, N utilization, apparent digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. The 4 diets contained (dry matter basis): A) 51% AS, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC), and 3% solvent soybean meal (SSBM); B) 37% AS, 13% CS, 39% HMSC, and 7% SSBM; C) 24% AS, 27% CS, 35% HMSC, and 12% SSBM; and D) 10% AS, 40% CS, 31% HMSC, and 16% SSBM. Dietary crude protein contents were 17.2, 16.9, 16.6, and 16.2% for diets A, B, C, and D. All 4 diets were high in energy, averaging 49% nonfiber carbohydrates and 24% neutral detergent fiber. Intake of dry matter, yield of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk and fat, milk fat content, and apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber all decreased linearly when CS replaced AS. Effects on fiber digestion and milk fat may have been due to increasing fluctuation in ruminal pH and time the pH remained < 6.0 when CS replaced AS. Milk protein content increased linearly with increasing CS, but there were no differences in protein yield. There were linear increases in apparent N efficiency and decreases in N excreted in urine and feces when CS replaced AS. Production was depressed on the diet highest in CS. Quadratic analysis indicated that milk and protein yields were maximal at dietary AS: CS ratios of, respectively, 37:13 and 31:19. No diet minimized N excretion without negatively affecting production. Diet C, with an AS: CS ratio of 24:27, was the best compromise between improved N efficiency and sustained production. Because CS is complementary with AS, it is recommended that CS be fed in AS-based diets to maintain milk yield while improving N utilization. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 48 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3924 EP 3938 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082EK UT WOS:000240369300022 PM 16960068 ER PT J AU Brito, AF Broderick, GA Reynal, SM AF Brito, A. F. Broderick, G. A. Reynal, S. M. TI Effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on omasal flow and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE omasal flow; microbial protein; dairy cow ID RUMINAL NITROGEN-METABOLISM; AMINO-ACID LIMITATION; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; UREA SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRIENT DIGESTION; PURINE DERIVATIVES; PARTICULATE-PHASE; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SOLID FRACTIONS; MILK-PRODUCTION AB Eight ruminally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows that were part of a larger production trial were used to study the effects of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (AS) to corn silage (CS) on omasal flow of nutrients and microbial protein. Cows were blocked by DIM and randomly assigned to 2 replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares (28-d periods). Diets fed contained (dry matter basis): A) 51% AS, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC), and 3% solvent soybean meal (SSBM); B) 37% AS, 13% CS, 39% HMSC, and 7% SSBM; C) 24% AS, 27% CS, 35% HMSC, and 12% SSBM; or D) 10% AS, 40% CS, 31% HMSC, and 16% SSBM. Crude protein (CP) contents were 17.2, 16.9, 16.6, and 16.2% for diets A, B, C, and D. All 4 diets were high in energy, averaging 49% nonfiber carbohydrates and 24% neutral detergent fiber. Total microbial nonammonia nitrogen flow was lower on diet D ( 423 g/d) compared with diets A (465 g/d), B (479 g/d), and C (460 g/d). A significant quadratic effect indicated that microbial protein synthesis was maximal at 38% AS. Supply of rumen-degraded protein decreased linearly from 3,068 g/d (diet A) to 2,469 g/d (diet D). Omasal flow of rumen-undegraded protein did not differ among diets and averaged 1,528 g/d. However, when expressed as a percentage of dry matter intake, rumen-undegraded protein increased linearly from 5.59% (diet A) to 6.13% (diet D), probably because CP from SSBM was more resistant to degradation than CP from AS. Essential AA flow was lowest on diet D, and Lys flow tended to be lower on diet D, which may explain the lower milk and protein yields observed on that diet. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3939 EP 3953 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082EK UT WOS:000240369300023 PM 16960069 ER PT J AU Gressley, TF Reynal, SM Colmenero, JJO Broderick, GA Armentano, LE AF Gressley, T. F. Reynal, S. M. Colmenero, J. J. Olmos Broderick, G. A. Armentano, L. E. TI Development of a tool to insert abomasal infusion lines into dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abomasal infusion; rumen bypass ID MILK-PRODUCTION; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE AB A tool was developed to aid in ruminal insertion of abomasal infusion lines into dairy cows. The tool consisted of 2 pieces cut from polyvinyl chloride pipe. The first piece of pipe, the insertion tool, contained a groove that held the flexible plastic flange that is on the end of the infusion line. The insertion tool containing the flange was inserted into the ruminal cannula, through the sulcus omasi, and into the abomasum. The second piece of pipe, the delivery tool, was threaded through the insertion tool, and it was used to dislodge the flange from the insertion tool and into the abomasum. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Armentano, LE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM learment@wisc.edu NR 5 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 89 IS 10 BP 3965 EP 3967 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082EK UT WOS:000240369300025 PM 16960071 ER PT J AU El-Sayed, AM Suckling, DM Wearing, CH Byers, JA AF El-Sayed, A. M. Suckling, D. M. Wearing, C. H. Byers, J. A. TI Potential of mass trapping for long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mass trapping; semiochemicals; integrated pest management; eradication ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; RHYNCHOPHORUS-PALMARUM COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES; WESTERN PINE-BEETLE; SEX-PHEROMONE; MALE ANNIHILATION; METHYL EUGENOL; BARK BEETLES AB Semiochemical-based pest management programs comprise three major approaches that are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods of insect pests: mass trapping, "lure and kill," and mating disruption. In this article, we review the potential of mass trapping in long-term pest management as well as in the eradication of invasive species. We discuss similarities and differences between mass trapping and other two main approaches of semiochemical-based pest management programs. We highlight several study cases where mass trapping has been used either in long-term pest management [e.g., codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders); bark beetles, palm weevils, corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.); and fruit flies] or in eradication of invasive species [e.g., gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.); and boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). We list the critical issues that affect the efficacy of mass trapping and compare these with previously published models developed to investigate mass trapping efficacy in pest control. We conclude that mass trapping has good potential to suppress or eradicate low-density, isolated pest populations; however, its full potential in pest management has not been adequately realized and therefore encourages further research and development of this technology. C1 HortRes, Canterbury Res Ctr, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP El-Sayed, AM (reprint author), HortRes, Canterbury Res Ctr, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. EM ael-sayed@hortresearch.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 120 TC 155 Z9 168 U1 9 U2 98 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1550 EP 1564 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400006 PM 17066782 ER PT J AU Danka, RG Sylvester, HA Boykin, D AF Danka, Robert G. Sylvester, H. Allen Boykin, Debbie TI Environmental influences on flight activity of USDA-ARS Russian and Italian stocks of honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) during almond pollination SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Prunus dulcis; pollination; foraging behavior ID MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES AB Differences in flight activity and in the percentages of pollen foragers between commercially managed honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of two stocks (USDA-ARS Russian, n = 41 colonies; and Italian, n = 43 colonies) were evaluated in an almond, Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb, orchard in Kern Co., CA, during February and March 2002. Flight activity was measured by taking 1-min counts of bees exiting colonies on each of 9 d. Flight activity was best predicted with a model containing the effects of colony size (populations of adult bees and sealed brood), temperature, time of day, the interaction of adult bee population with temperature, and the interaction of adult bee population with time of day. Flight increased linearly with adult bee and brood population, bad a quadratic relationship with temperature (increasing, but less so at higher temperatures), and had a quadratic relationship with time of day (decreasing, but less so at later times). Larger colonies had more response to changing temperatures and less response to different times of day than small colonies. Bee type had no direct influence on flight activity at any given colony size, temperature, or time of observation or when evaluated using a reduced data set retaining 34 Italian colonies and 32 Russian colonies whose mean sizes were equal. Overall, however, Russian colonies were less populous by about one-fourth and so fielded on average 71% of the foragers that Italian colonies did. Pollen collection was measured by capturing returning foragers on 4 d. The percentages of foragers with pollen were not different for the bee types. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Danka, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM rdanka@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1565 EP 1570 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400007 PM 17066783 ER PT J AU Gould, JR Maldonado, MH AF Gould, J. R. Maldonado, M. Huaman TI Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae escaping from discarded asparagus: Data in support of a pathway risk analysis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copitarsia decolora; Noctuidae; risk assessment; pathway analysis AB This research was undertaken to gather data in support of an assessment of the likelihood that Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest of asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L., and other crops, could escape from the pathway followed by asparagus from the field to the consumer. Asparagus that is destroyed by cooking and consumption, being run through a trash compactor or garbage disposal, or being buried in a landfill probably cannot support development of C. decolora larvae. Much asparagus is discarded in dumpsters, however, and the time between disposal and removal to the landfill provides an opportunity for C. decolora to escape into the environment. Results of this study indicate that C. decolora cannot survive to the pupal stage on rotten asparagus, and survival on dried asparagus is low. However, larvae can survive at least 1 wk on both types of deteriorating asparagus held at 23.5 degrees C. In field trials, a small percentage of C. decolora larvae crawled out of a dumpster filled with asparagus after 1 wk. C1 USDA, APHIS, Survey Detect & Erad Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Entomol Lab, Lima 14, Peru. RP Gould, JR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Survey Detect & Erad Lab, PPQ,Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1605 EP 1609 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400013 PM 17066789 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Rehfield-Ray, LM Obenland, D AF Neven, Lisa G. Rehfield-Ray, Linda M. Obenland, David TI Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; oriental fruit moth; stone fruit; quarantine; commodity treatment ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; AIR; MORTALITY AB Two high-temperature, forced air treatments under controlled atmosphere conditions, called CATTS for controlled atmosphere/temperature treatment system, were developed for control of all life stages of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), infesting peaches and nectarines (both Prunus spp.). These treatments were used in efficacy and confirmation tests to kill > 5,000 fourth instar oriental fruit moths and > 30,000 fourth instar codling moths with zero survivors. The treatments consist of linear heating rates of either 12 or 24 degrees C/h to a final chamber temperature under a 1% O-2,15% CO2, and > 90% RH atmosphere with air speed between 1.2 and 2.0 m/s. At a 12 degrees C linear chamber beating rate, treatment takes approximate to 3 h to reach a final chamber temperature of 46 degrees C. The average lowest core temperatures of the fruit reached 43.8 degrees C within the last 30 min of the treatment. At a 24 degrees C linear chamber heating rate, it takes approximate to 2.5 h to reach a final chamber temperature of 46 degrees C. The average lowest core temperatures of the fruit reached 44.6 degrees C for the last 15 min of the treatment. It also was determined that both treatments did not significantly alter the quality parameters that were evaluated to a degree that would have negatively influenced the marketability of the fruit. Positive benefits of treatment included a slower ripening of treated fruit and an inhibition of the loss of Juiciness during storage in some cultivars. These treatments may be used to replacement to methyl bromide fumigation for conventional fruit or as a new treatment for organic fruit contingent upon importing country approval. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Res Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1610 EP 1619 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400014 PM 17066790 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Rehfield-Ray, L AF Neven, Lisa G. Rehfield-Ray, Linda TI Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in apples using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; oriental fruit moth; apple; quarantine; CATTS ID TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; SWEET CHERRIES; AIR TREATMENTS; COLD-STORAGE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; QUALITY; INSECTS AB Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), are serious pests of apples (Malus spp.) grown in the United States and other countries. In countries where these species are not found, there are strict quarantine restrictions in place to prevent their accidental introduction. The treatment used in this study consisted of hot, forced, moist air with a linear heating rate of 12 degrees C/h to a final chamber temperature of 46 degrees C under a 1% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide environment. We found that the fourth instar of both species was the most tolerant to the treatment, with equal tolerance between the species. Efficacy tests against the fourth instar of both oriental fruit moth and codling moth by using a commercial controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system chamber resulted in > 5,000 individuals of each species being controlled using the combination treatment. Confirmation tests against codling moth resulted in mortality of > 30,000 fourth instars. These treatments may be used to meet quarantine restrictions for organic apples where fumigation with methyl bromide is not desirable. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1620 EP 1627 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400015 PM 17066791 ER PT J AU Barak, AV Wang, Y Zhan, G Wu, Y Xu, L Huang, Q AF Barak, A. V. Wang, Y. Zhan, G. Wu, Y. Xu, L. Huang, Q. TI Sulfuryl fluoride as a quarantine treatment for Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in regulated wood packing material SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumigation; sulfuryl fluoride; quarantine ID LONGHORNED BEETLE; FUMIGATION AB The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), was probably introduced into the United States from China with solid wood packing and dunnage during the 1980s, and it has recently become established in limited infestations near several major cities in the United States. Regulated wood packing material (RWPM) arriving in the United States from China is required to undergo fumigation with methyl bromide (MeBr), to be heat treated, or kiln dried. Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is a candidate fumigant to replace MeBr under certain conditions. SF fumigations were conducted in 432-liter Lexan chambers held in a 6.1-m (20-foot) refrigerated container for temperature control. Each fumigation consisted of 12 Populus spp. 10- by 10- by 115-cm timbers, of high moisture content, naturally infested with Asian longhorned beetle. During 2001, we fumigated wood for 24 h at a range of doses (20-112 g/m(3)) and temperatures (4.4, 10.0, 15.6, and 21.1 degrees C) and subjected the data to probit analysis. Confirmatory fumigations were conducted at doses of 120 and 104 g/m(3) at temperatures of 10.0 and 15.6 or 21.1 degrees C, respectively, which resulted in complete kill of all larvae. Pupae that became available later in the year as temperatures 3 warmed were fumigated at 15.6 and 21.1 degrees C with 104 g/m, which resulted in complete pupal mortality. The next year (2002), we conducted 24-h fumigations with doses of 116 g/m(3) at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C with cold-harvested wood infested with cold-acclimated larvae. Cold-acclimated larvae required much higher concentration times time (CxT) product for control at 4.4 and 10.0 degrees C compared with non-acclimated larvae. Sulfuryl fluoride treatments at a dose of 104 g/m(3) and temperature of 15.6 degrees C and above and that achieved a CxT product of 1,095 g-h/m(3) or above are recommended for RWPM infested with Asian longhorned beetle larvae and pupae. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. Chinese Acad Inspect & Quarantine Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Ningbo Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur People, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Tianjin Exit Entry Inspect & Quarantine Bur Peopl, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. RP Barak, AV (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. EM al.barak@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1628 EP 1635 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400016 PM 17066792 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Sumerford, DV Sappington, TW AF Reardon, Brendon J. Sumerford, Douglas V. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Dispersal of newly eclosed European corn borer adults (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE european corn borer; dispersal; Bt; transgenic corn ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; TRANSGENIC MAIZE; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; PYRALIDAE; EVOLUTION; SITES; PERFORMANCE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB Genetically modified, insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn, Zea mays L., hybrids are used throughout the Corn Belt for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), control. To slow development of Bt corn resistance, the Environmental Protection Agency requires growers to plant a refuge. Determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and Bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires an understanding of adult dispersal and mating behavior. However, much remains unknown about these behaviors. Because mating often occurs in grass near cornfields where adult O. nubilalis aggregate, we planted small-grain plots as aggregation sites in an attempt to retain mass-released adults. The objectives of this study were to examine influences of pheromone lure, plant density, and plant species on distributions of feral and newly emerged, laboratory-reared O. nubilalis among small-grain aggregation plots. Feral adults were collected in aggregation plots in relative abundance, indicating that small-grain plots were acceptable aggregation sites. In contrast, newly emerged adults that were released weekly as dye-marked pupae were rarely found in aggregation plots, with approximate to 150 -1,500-fold fewer adults captured than expected if all released adults had occupied the plots for >= 1 d. The majority of newly emerged adults did not colonize the aggregation plots, suggesting that recently eclosed adults leave their natal field and do not colonize the first aggregation sites encountered. Plant species significantly influenced adult distributions among aggregation plots. Mass releases of laboratory-reared pupae in the field may not be a viable remediation tactic because almost all of the newly emerged adults dispersed beyond 300 m of the release point. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1641 EP 1650 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400018 PM 17066794 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Robacker, D Salgado, E AF Showler, A. T. Robacker, D. Salgado, E. TI Grandlure dosage and attraction of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; grandlure; pheromone; trapping ID TRAP MONITORING-SYSTEM; SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES; PHEROMONE TRAPS; SEX-PHEROMONE; LURE AGE; LEPIDOPTERA; CAPTURE; POPULATIONS; GEOMETRIDAE; DISPENSERS AB The effects of grandlure dosage on of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), attraction were assessed. Traps collected more boll weevils under field and laboratory conditions as the amount of grandlure in laminated plastic strips was increased from 0 to 10, 30, and 60 mg. Spreading the point source of the lure by cutting the strip into quarters and positioning each quarter on separate corners of the large capacity trap to create an expanded source for the pheromone plume, however, resulted in fewer trap captures than traps with quartered lures all positioned on a single corner. The large capacity trap with the quartered lure on one corner also caught more weevils than the traps with an intact lure fastened to one corner. Although aging lure strips for three weeks reduced emissions of the four pheromone components and their attractiveness to boll weevils, cutting the aged lure into quarters resulted in greater emissions and attraction than lures that were aged intact or as quarters. Some pheromone components volatilized faster than others, resulting in time-related changes in blend ratios, but the underlying factor in boll weevil attraction to grandlure strips was dosage, the amount of volatilized pheromone available for interacting with an adult boll weevil. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. INIFAP, Tamaulipas, Mexico. USDA ARS, CQFIRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1675 EP 1681 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400022 PM 17066798 ER PT J AU Mirik, M Michels, GJ Kassymzhanova-Mirik, S Elliott, NC Bowling, R AF Mirik, Mustafa Michels, Gerald J., Jr. Kassymzhanova-Mirik, Sabina Elliott, Norman C. Bowling, Roxanne TI Hyperspectral spectrometry as a means to differentiate uninfested and infested winter wheat by greenbug (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE greenbug; remote sensing; spectral signatures; vegetation indices; wheat ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; HAND-HELD RADIOMETRY; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; PLANT-LEAVES; LEAF; HOMOPTERA; GROWTH; INFESTATION; MANAGEMENT AB Although spectral remote sensing techniques have been used to study many ecological variables and biotic and abiotic stresses to agricultural crops over decades, the potential use of these techniques for greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infestations and damage to wheat, Triticum aestivum L., under field conditions is unknown. Hence, this research was conducted to investigate: 1) the applicability and feasibility of using a portable narrow-banded (hyperspectral) remote sensing instrument to identify and discern differences in spectral reflection patterns (spectral signatures) of winter wheat canopies with and without greenbug damage; and 2) the relationship between miscellaneous spectral vegetation indices and greenbug density in wheat canopies growing in two fields and under greenhouse conditions. Both greenbug and reflectance data were collected from 0.25-, 0.37-, and 1-m(2) plots in one of the fields, greenhouse, and the other field, respectively. Regardless of the growth conditions, greenbug-damaged wheat canopies had higher reflectance in the visible range and less in the near infrared regions of the spectrum when compared with undamaged canopies. In addition to percentage of reflectance comparison, a large number of spectral vegetation indices drawn from the literature were calculated and correlated with greenbug density. Linear regression analyses revealed high relationships (R-2 ranged from 0.62 to 0.85) between greenbug density and spectral vegetation indices. These results indicate that hyperspectral remotely sensed data with an appropriate pixel size have the potential to portray greenbug density and discriminate its damage to wheat with repeated accuracy and precision. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. W Texas State Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Mirik, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM mmirik@ag.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1690 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400023 PM 17066799 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Allen, KK Borys, RR Christopherson, J Dabney, CP Eager, TJ Gibson, KE Hebertson, EG Long, DF Munson, AS Shea, PJ Smith, SL Haverty, MI AF Fettig, Christopher J. Allen, Kurt K. Borys, Robert R. Christopherson, John Dabney, Christopher P. Eager, Thomas J. Gibson, Kenneth E. Hebertson, Elizabeth G. Long, Daniel F. Munson, A. Steven Shea, Patrick J. Smith, Sheri L. Haverty, Michael I. TI Effectiveness of bifenthrin (Onyx) and carbaryl (Sevin SL) for protecting individual, high-value conifers from bark beetle attack (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae) in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bifenthrin; carbaryl; Pinus; Picea; Dendroctonus ID PONDEROSA PINE TREES; ACUTE TOXICITY; IPS-PINI; INSECTICIDES; CHEMICALS; LINDANE; LECONTE; TESTS AB High-value trees, such as those located in residential, recreational, or administrative sites, are particularly susceptible to bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attack as a result of increased amounts of stress associated with drought, soil compaction, mechanical injury, or vandalism. Tree losses in these unique environments generally have a substantial impact. The value of these individual trees, cost of removal, and loss of esthetics may justify protection until the main thrust of a bark beetle infestation subsides. This situation emphasizes the need for ensuring that effective insecticides are available for individual tree protection. In this study, we assess the efficacy of bifenthrin (Onyx) and carbaryl (Sevin SL) for protecting: ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws., from western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, in California; mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins in South Dakota; and Ips spp. in Arizona; lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud., from D. ponderosae in Montana; pinyon, Pinus edulis Engelm. in Colorado and Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. in Nevada from pinyon ips, Ips confusus (LeConte); and Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm. from spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in Utah. Few trees were attacked by Ips spp. in Arizona and that study was discontinued. Sevin SL (2.0%) was effective for protecting P. ponderosa, P. contorta, and P. monophylla for two field seasons. Estimates of efficacy could not be made during the second field season in P. edulis and P. engelmannii due to insufficient mortality in untreated, baited control trees. Two field seasons of efficacy was demonstrated in P. ponderosa/D. brevicomis and P. monophylla for 0.06% Onyx. We conclude that Onyx is an effective individual tree protection too], but repeated annual applications may be required in some systems if multiyear control is desired. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Nevada Div Forestry, Carson City, NV 89704 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1698 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400024 PM 17066800 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Alston, DG AF Yee, Wee L. Alston, Diane G. TI Effects of spinosad, spinosad bait, and chloronicotinyl insecticides on mortality and control of adult and larval western cherry fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; spinosad; imidacloprid; thiacloprid; control ID TREATED SPHERES; APPLE MAGGOT; TOXICITY; TESTS; FLIES AB Effects of spinosad, spinosad bait, and the chloronicotinyl insecticides imidacloprid and thiacloprid on mortality of the adults and larvae of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were determined in the laboratory and the field. Spinosad and spinosad bait caused higher adult mortality than imidacloprid, which caused higher mortality than thiacloprid. Only spinosad bait prevented oviposition. All materials were more toxic to adults when ingested than when topically applied. Spinosad bait had the greatest residual toxicity on leaves, killing 100% of adults when aged for 14 d in the field. When materials were sprayed on infested cherries, numbers of live larvae in fruit after 8 d were lower in imidacloprid and thiacloprid than in spinosad and spinosad bait treatments, which did not differ from the control, but all materials reduced larval emergence over 30 d. In the field, spinosad and spinosad bait were as effective in suppressing larval infestations as azinphosmethyl and carbaryl, whereas imidacloprid was effective in most cases and thiacloprid was generally less effective than azinphos-methyl and carbaryl. Overall, results in the laboratory and field show that spinosad and chloronicotinyl insecticides differed significantly in their effectiveness against adults and larvae of R. indifferens but that spinosad, spinosad bait, and imidacloprid seem to be acceptable substitutes for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides for controlling this fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1732 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400029 PM 17066805 ER PT J AU Oi, DH Oi, FM AF Oi, David H. Oi, Faith M. TI Speed of efficacy and delayed toxicity characteristics of fast-acting fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) baits SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; red imported fire ant; bait; delayed toxicity; chemical control ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; CAMPONOTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS HYMENOPTERA; FREE-FORAGING WORKERS; SUCROSE WATER BAIT; ORAL TOXICITY; BORIC-ACID; MODE; HYDRAMETHYLNON; INSECTICIDES; INDOXACARB AB Efficacy and speed of action of fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) baits that claim fast control of colonies were compared with a standard bait. More than 85% of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, laboratory colonies provided bait containing the active ingredient indoxacarb died within 3 d, and all colonies were dead in 6 d. Standard bait containing hydramethylnon resulted in death of 60% of the colonies in 9 d. Bait containing spinosad did not cause colony death. Under field conditions, one-half of the areas treated with the indoxacarb bait did not have any active fire ant nests within 3 d, whereas 11 d was needed to reach the same level of control with the hydramethylnon bait. Spinosad had a maximum of 17% of the treated areas without nests after 3 d. The delay in death of S. invicta adults treated in the laboratory with the indoxacarb and spinosad baits was shorter than the standard hydramethylnon bait, which bad mortality similar to the traditional delayed toxicity criterion of < 15% mortality after 24 h and > 89% mortality over the test period. Indoxacarb caused mortality of 57% at 24 h and 100% at 48 h; however, visual symptoms of toxicity were not readily observed for at least 8 h before the abrupt increase in death. Spinosad caused 96% mortality by 24 h, and initial mortality became apparent at 4 h. Time required for death of 15% of a treated population (LT15) of spinosad, indoxacarb, and hydramethylnon was 3, 9, and 16 h, respectively. Delayed toxicity characteristics of the fast-acting indoxacarb bait may be useful for the development of other fast-acting ant baits. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1748 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400031 PM 17066807 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Castle, SJ Toscano, NC AF Prabhaker, Nilima Castle, S. J. Toscano, Nick C. TI Susceptibility of immature stages of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) to selected insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; organophosphates; pyrethroids; neonicotinoids; resistance management ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LARVAL AGE; LEPIDOPTERA; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE; CITRUS AB Susceptibility of immatures of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), to 10 insecticides that included chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam was evaluated in the laboratory. All five instars were exposed to different doses of each foliar insecticide by the petri dish technique, whereas a systemic uptake method was used to assess the toxicity to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. All test insecticides exhibited high toxicity to all immature stages of H. coagulata at concentrations below the field recommended rates of each insecticide. Although all five instars were susceptible to test insecticides, mortality was significantly higher in first instars than in the older immatures based on low LC50 values (ranging from 0.017 to 5.75 ng(AI)/ml) with susceptibility decreasing with each successive stage. Fifth instars were generally the least sensitive (LC50 values ranging from 0.325 to 216.63 ng(AI)/ml). These results show that mortality was directly related to age of the insect and suggest that chemical treatment at early stages is more effective than at late stages. Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and bifenthrin (pyrethroid) were the most toxic to all five instars, inducing most mortality within 24 h and showing lower LC50 values ranging from 0.017 to 0.686 ng/ml compared with other insecticides (LC50 values ranging from 0.191 to 216.63 ng(AI)/ml). Our data suggest that a diverse group of very effective insecticides are available to growers for controlling all stages of H. coagulata. Knowledge on toxicity of select insecticides to H. coagulata immatures may contribute to our understanding of resistance management in future for this pest by targeting specific life stages instead of the adult stage alone. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM nilima.castle@ucr.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1805 EP 1812 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400040 PM 17066816 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Meredith, WR AF Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Meredith, W. R. TI Selecting for efficacy of Bollgard cotton cultivars against various Lepidoptera using forward breeding techniques SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic cotton; Bacillus thuringiensis; Plant-Incorporated-Protectant; Bacillus thuringiensis ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; TRANSGENIC COTTON; BT-COTTON; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL SURVIVAL; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; NOCTUIDAE; EXPRESSION AB Studies during the past 5 yr have shown that the overall level of protein (Cry1Ac) produced from the cry1Ac transgene (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO) differ among commercial Bollgard cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivars. These differences between cultivars are under genetic control and have been correlated with efficacy of certain lepidopteran pests. Previous studies have shown that the parental background (i.e., non-CrylAc conventional cultivar) has a significant influence on the amount of Cry1Ac protein in Boligard cultivars. Unlike the backcross technique commonly used to acquire commercial Bollgard cultivars, we used forward breeding to obtain cultivars of Bollgard cotton that were selected for various levels of Cry1Ac. These differences in the amount of Cry1Ac were correlated with growth and survival of two lepidopteran pests of cotton. Implications for effective resistance management as well as relative ease of this procedure are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Mid South Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jadamczyk@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1835 EP 1841 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400044 PM 17066820 ER PT J AU Voothuluru, P Meng, JY Khajuria, C Louis, J Zhu, LC Starkey, S Wilde, GE Baker, CA Smith, CM AF Voothuluru, Priyamvada Meng, Jianye Khajuria, Chitvan Louis, Joe Zhu, Lieceng Starkey, Sharon Wilde, Gerald E. Baker, Cheryl A. Smith, C. Michael TI Categories and inheritance of resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) biotype 2 in a selection from wheat cereal introduction 2401 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; insect resistance categories; antibiosis; proportional plant dry weight loss; tolerance index ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; PLANT-GROWTH STAGE; ALLELIC RELATIONSHIPS; UVB RADIATION; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; GREENBUG; LINES AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the most devastating insect pests of wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum spp.) in the world. Yield losses and control costs are valued at several hundred million dollars each year. The use of D. noxia-resistant cultivars is an ecologically, economically, and biologically sound method of managing this pest. Several D. noxia resistance (Dn) genes from wheat have been used to develop cultivars resistant to D. noxia. However, a new U.S. D. noxia biotype (biotype 2) in Colorado is virulent to all known Dn genes except the Dn7 gene from rye (Secale spp.). Hence, there is an immediate need to identify and characterize unique sources of D. noxia resistance to biotypes. In this article, we report resistance to D. noxia biotype 2, identified in a selection from wheat cereal introduction (CItr) 2401, that is controlled by two dominant genes. CItr2401 has a strong antibiosis effect that is exhibited as a reduced intrinsic rate of increase of D. noxia biotype 2. CItr2401 plants also exhibit tolerance to leaf rolling and chlorosis. No antixenosis was detected in CItr2401. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Smith, CM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cmsmith@ksu.edu RI Khajuria, Chitvan/E-7690-2012 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1861 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400046 PM 17066822 ER PT J AU Burd, JD Porter, DR Puterka, GJ Haley, SD Peairs, FB AF Burd, John D. Porter, David R. Puterka, Gary J. Haley, Scott D. Peairs, Frank B. TI Biotypic variation among North American Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotype; plant resistance; Diuraphis noxia; Triticum aestivum ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western United States since its introduction in 1986. Recently, a new Russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern Colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, Triticum aestivurn L. Biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for Russian wheat aphid management. Our objective was to assess the relative amount of biotypic diversity among Russian wheat aphid populations collected from cultivated wheat and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. We conducted field surveys from May through June 2002 and August 2003 from seven counties within Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Based upon a foliar chlorosis damage rating, three new Russian wheat aphid biotypes were identified, one of which was virulent to all characterized sources of Russian wheat aphid resistance. The future success of Russian wheat aphid resistance breeding programs will depend upon the continual monitoring of extant biotypic diversity and determination of the ecological and genetic factors underlying the development of Russian wheat aphid biotypes. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Burd, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM john.burd@ars.usda.gov RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1862 EP 1866 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400047 PM 17066823 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Bohac, JR AF Jackson, D. Michael Bohac, J. R. TI Improved dry-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes resistant to insect pests SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; Ipomoea; Diabrotica; Cylas; white grub ID SOIL INSECTS; WEEVIL; CULTIVARS; SWEETPOTATOES; COLEOPTERA; SELECTION; DAMAGE; REGAL AB Thirty-five mostly dry-fleshed sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), genotypes from the USDA-ARS/Clemson University sweetpotato breeding program were evaluated in nine field experiments at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, from 1998 to 2004. There were highly significant entry effects for percentage of uninjured roots; wireworm, Diabrotica, and Systena (WDS) index; percentage of roots damaged by sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers); percentage of roots damaged by sweetpotato flea beetle, Chaetocnema confinis Crotch); and percentage of roots damaged by white grub larvae (primarily Plectris aliena Chapin). The susceptible control, 'SCI 149-19', had a significantly lower percentage of uninjured roots, a significantly higher WDS rating, and higher percentage infestations of flea beetle, grubs, and sweetpotato weevils than all other sweetpotato entries in this study. Twenty-seven genotypes had significantly less insect damage than 'Beauregard', the leading commercial orange-fleshed cultivar in the United States. In addition, 11 genotypes had significantly less insect injury than 'Picadito', a commercial boniato-type sweetpotato grown extensively in southern Florida. Overall, no genotypes were more resistant to soil insect pests than the resistant checks 'Sumor' and 'Regal'. Many of the advanced dry-flesh sweetpotato genotypes had high levels of resistance to soil insect pests, and they represent a useful source of advanced germplasm for use in sweetpotato breeding programs. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM dmjackson@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1877 EP 1883 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094LH UT WOS:000241240400049 PM 17066825 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Spurgeon, DW AF Suh, Charles P. -C. Spurgeon, Dale W. TI Host-free survival of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) previously fed vegetative-stage regrowth cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; regrowth cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; host-free survival ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; WINTER SURVIVAL; DIAPAUSE; EMERGENCE; SYSTEM; DIET AB The need to minimize populations of overwintering boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) in eradication programs is widely recognized, but the potential contribution of nonfruiting regrowth cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to weevil survival has not been directly examined. We conducted experiments in 2002 and 2003 to examine the host-free survival of weevils previously supplied vegetative-stage regrowth cotton. Weevils, 1-3 d after eclosion, were caged with vegetative regrowth cotton under ambient environmental conditions (2002), or in a controlled environment (23.9 +/- 2 degrees C, 13:11 [LD] h photoperiod, 2003). Four cohorts of each weevil sex were examined each year. Of the 60 weevils dissected in 2002, 12% possessed the hypertrophied fat bodies associated with diapause and extended host-free survival. In both years, the majority of weevils (> 75%) died during the initial 3 wks of the host-free period. No differences in host-free survival were detected between weevil sexes, but differences were observed among replicates of the experiment established on different dates. Survival patterns among replicates, however, did not strictly follow a seasonal pattern. Overall, approximately 5% of the weevils survived 12 wks beyond the feeding period. Maximum observed host-free longevities were 21 wks in 2002 and 19 wks in 2003. Our findings suggest vegetative-stage regrowth cotton should not be disregarded in eradication zones, particularly in those experiencing unsatisfactory progress or resurgence of weevil populations. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500001 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Holbrook, CC AF Ni, Xinzhi Holbrook, C. Corley TI Using nutrient solutions to trap the almond moth (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in a peanut shelling and storage facility SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient solutions; pheromone; Ephestia cautella; Arachis hypogaea; stored peanuts ID WATER; PHEROMONE AB The almond moth, Ephestia (Cadra) cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an important insect pest in agricultural product processing and storage facilities worldwide, including peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) shelling and storage facilities. We compared the efficacy of nutrient-based solutions as attractants with commercially-available synthetic pheromone traps in controlling almond moth. The treatments were water, 10% honey, 10% beer, and 10% sucrose solutions, pheromone trap in a 3.8-L container, pheromone trap in an empty 3.8-L container, an empty 3.8-L container, and a suspended pheromone trap. The honey solution and pheromone trap in the container trapped the greatest number of moths among the 8 treatments. The pheromone trap in the container trapped significantly more moths than the suspended pheromone trap. We demonstrated that E. cautella adults preferred a 10% honey solution over water, 10% beer, or 10% sucrose solutions as attractants. Although the 10% honey solution and the pheromone trap in the container trapped the same number of moths, 70.5% of the moths captured by the honey solution were females and only 21.7% of the moths captured by the pheromone trap in the container were females. A diluted (10%) honey solution could be used in effective and economical traps for E cautella control in storage facilities because it attracts a high percentage of females. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, 2747 Davis Rd,Bldg 1,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xni@tifton.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 285 EP 291 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500002 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Mortality of the corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on sorghum panicles in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; corn earworm; life table; sorghum ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SWEET CORN; COTTON; PREDATORS; LARVAE; EGGS; TEXAS AB The mortality of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on sorghum panicles in Georgia was determined in a 2-yr study. Percent total real mortality (r(x)) of H. zea exceeded 99% for each year and planting date. Percent total real mortality was highest for eggs followed by 1(st) instars. Parasitization and predation were the primary mortality factors for eggs on sorghum panicles. Larval mortality was due in part to predation, parasitization, and infection by pathogens. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was the only egg parasitoid observed on sorghum panicles. Orius insidiosus (Say) was the predominant predator of H. zea. Other predators observed feeding on H. zea included the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), green lynx spiders, Peucetia viridans (Hentz), and lady beetles (mainly Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville). A variety of parasitoids attacked larvae on sorghum. The braconid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized small to medium-sized larvae. The tachinids Eucelatoria rubentis Coquillett and Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) parasitized large larvae. Two pathogens, HzNPV, a naturally-occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus of H. zea, and the fungus, Entomophthora aulicae (Reichardt) G. Winter, caused mortality of larvae. In conclusion, biological control by natural enemies of H. zea on sorghum panicles resulted in significant mortality for this pest. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 292 EP 304 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500003 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Tobacco as a trap crop for Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in cotton SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; trap crop; life table; T. nigriceps; ascovirus ID CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS HYMENOPTERA; CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HOST; BRACONIDAE; SORGHUM; PARASITIZATION; PARASITOIDS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS; FABRICIUS AB A 3-yr study evaluated tobacco as a trap crop for the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), in cotton. Small plot experiments were conducted on an experimental farm at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS, in 1996 and on a commercial farm in Aliceville, AL, in 1997 to determine the ability of small strips of tobacco to trap H. virescens in cotton field plots. In the 1996 experiment, tobacco budworms eggs were significantly higher on tobacco than on cotton from 7 June through 19 June and from 10 July through 22 July. In 1997, H. virescens eggs were significantly higher on tobacco than on cotton for every sampling date throughout the growing season. The conclusion derived from these small plot experiments was that H. virescens females preferred tobacco over cotton as an ovipositional site. Therefore, in 1998, a large-scale field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of tobacco as a trap crop for H. virescens in commercial cotton fields in Funston, GA. In this experiment, the number of H. virescens eggs was significantly lower in cotton fields with tobacco trap crops compared to control cotton fields without tobacco trap crops on 2 and 9 July. Also, economic threshold for H. virescens was not reached in these cotton fields with tobacco trap crops. In contrast, the economic threshold for this pest was met in cotton fields without tobacco trap crops on two dates during the growing season. For each year of the study, percentage total real mortality (r(x)) for eggs and larvae of H. virescens on tobacco was very high, ranging from 91.4-99.9%. Larval mortality was attributed in part to parasitization by Toxoneuron nigriceps (formerly Cardiochiles nigriceps) Viereck and Campoletis sonorensis Cameron and an infection by an ascovirus of H. virescens. Thus, tobacco served as a trap crop and sink for H. virescens in cotton in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 305 EP 320 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500004 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Comparison of searching behavior of parasitoid, Toxoneuron nigriceps Vierick, for three tobacco herbivores SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Manduca sexta; herbivore-induced plant volatiles; damaged plants; hovering; oviposition ID CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; HOST; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; COTTON AB Host searching behavior of females of the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps Vierick (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was observed in the field for three tobacco herbivores, Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The only developmentally suitable host for the parasitoid was H. virescens. Hovering, searching, and oviposition (for plants with herbivores) by T. nigriceps were observed for a combination of two plant types, plants with only herbivore-induced plant volatiles or damaged plants with herbivores, and three insect species. The six treatments were as follows: (1) plants with only H. virescens-induced plant volatiles, (2) plants with only H. zea-induced plant volatiles, (3) plants with only M. sexta-induced plant volatiles, (4) plants damaged by H. virescens, (5) plants damaged by H. zea, and (6) plants damaged by M. sexta. Parasitoid females readily hovered around and searched on plants of both types. However, females spent more time foraging for H. virescens than for the nonhosts, H. zea and M. sexta. For plants with only herbivore-induced plant volatiles, T. nigriceps females spent more time searching on H. virescens plants than on H. zea and M. sexta plants. For damaged plants, parasitoid females visited more H. virescens plants than M. sexta plants and spent more time searching for H. virescens larvae than for M. sexta and H. zea larvae. Even though T. nigriceps females laid eggs in M. sexta and H. zea larvae, oviposition was higher for H. virescens than for the nonhosts. In conclusion, T. nigriceps females utilized more of their energy searching for and parasitizing H. virescens over the nonhosts on tobacco. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500005 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Oliver, JA AF Vogt, James T. Oliver, Jason A. TI Distribution and size of imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) mounds in recently invaded ball-and-burlap nurseries in Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis; remote sensing; bait ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; COLONIES AB A study was undertaken to describe size and distribution of imported fire ant mounds in south-central Tennessee ball-and-burlap plant nurseries to (1) improve survey and control measures and (2) assess the feasibility of airborne remote sensing for mound detection. Mounds were most numerous along roadsides and road cuts. Mounds in planted areas were larger than mounds along roadsides and road cuts, and mounds in open, grassy areas were of intermediate size (mean above-ground volume = 8.14, 4.36 and 5.32 L, respectively). An examination of mound size distribution in nursery landscapes indicated colony age-structure may not be consistent between landscape-date combinations, and mean mound size was smaller in July 2004 than in October 2003. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 385 EP 393 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094WS UT WOS:000241270500010 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Dou, H Paramasivam, S Wang, FL Graetz, DA Sajwan, KS AF Alva, A. K. Dou, H. Paramasivam, S. Wang, F. L. Graetz, D. A. Sajwan, K. S. TI An evaluation of sources of nitrogen in shallow groundwater using N-15 abundance technique SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nitrate contamination of groundwater; nitrogen best management practice; nitrogen mineralization; non-point source pollution ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; CITRUS PRODUCTION; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; SANDY ENTISOL; ORGANIC SOILS; VADOSE ZONE; NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS AB A N-15 abundance technique was employed to identify the source of NO3-N in groundwater under three commercial citrus production sites in central Florida. Water samples were collected from 0 to 300 and 300 to 600 cm depths in the surficial aquifer and analyzed for NO3-N and delta N-15 (delta N-15). Groundwater samples were also collected in a residential area adjacent to one of the citrus groves and analyzed for NO3-N and delta N-15. The delta N-15 values were in the range of +1 to +10 parts per thousand in both depths underneath the citrus groves. The range of delta N-15 measured in this study represents the range expected for groundwater that was impacted by NO3-N originated from mineralization of organic N from the soil as well as from the crop residue. There are occasional high delta N-15 values which are indicative of the effects of NH3 volatilization losses of applied fertilizer N. The range of delta N-15 values for groundwater samples collected from the residential area adjacent to the citrus groves was very similar to that from the groundwater underneath the citrus groves. Thus, the source of NO3-N that impacted the groundwater under the citrus groves also impacted the groundwater in the adjacent residential area. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Florida Dept Citrus, Lake Alfred, FL USA. Savannah State Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Savannah, GA USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2257 EP 2269 DI 10.1080/10934520600872839 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090QL UT WOS:000240965800010 PM 17018411 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Ellis, S Robinson, T Marenghi, F Endris, R AF Gustafson, L. Ellis, S. Robinson, T. Marenghi, F. Endris, R. TI Efficacy of emamectin benzoate against sea lice infestations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: evaluation in the absence of an untreated contemporary control SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Caligus spp.; efficacy; Lepeophtheirus salmonis; Salmo salar; SLICE (R); treatment ID CALIGUS-ELONGATUS NORDMANN; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; ORAL TREATMENT; KROYER; ABUNDANCE; CALIGIDAE; SCOTLAND; COPEPODA; TRIALS; HOST AB The efficacy of emamectin benzoate (SLICE (R)) against sea lice infestations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is typically assessed using untreated fish, or fish treated with alternative therapeutants, as controls. The State of Maine, USA, is currently under active management for the OIE-notifiable pathogen, infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV); consequently, neither control group is feasible in this region. Untreated salmon risk extensive damage from the ectoparasites, and threaten to increase vector-borne exposure or susceptibility of farms to ISAV; and the only treatment presently available in Maine is SLICE (R). However, because sea lice infestations are unlikely to resolve spontaneously, and response to treatment occurs within weeks, use of a pretreatment baseline is a reasonable alternative for confirmatory studies. We evaluated SLICE (R) efficacy on Atlantic salmon farms in Cobscook Bay 2002-2005, in the absence of untreated controls, using pretreatment lice loads as a reference for calculation. Maximum efficacy ranged from 68% to 100% reduction from initial levels. Time-to-maximum efficacy ranged from 1 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation. Efficacy duration, measured between first reduction and first progressive rise in counts, ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS ISA Program, Eastport, ME USA. Schering Plough Anim Hlth, Summit, NJ USA. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), Univ Maine, 9 OBrien Ave, Machias, ME 04654 USA. EM lori.gustafson@maine.edu NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 10 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00761.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 092QE UT WOS:000241111600005 PM 17026671 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Slaughter, DC Sarig, Y Kader, A AF Haff, R. P. Slaughter, D. C. Sarig, Y. Kader, A. TI X-ray assessment of translucency in pineapple SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID FRUIT AB A nondestructive method for detection of translucency, a physiological disorder in pineapple, would be beneficial to the industry. Ninety-two pineapples were imaged with X-ray to determine whether translucency could be detected. After imaging, each pineapple was cut open to determine the true level of the disorder and rated on a scale from 1 (no translucency) to 5 (extremely translucent). The X-ray images were inspected by human subjects who evaluated them as either good or bad based on the appearance of translucent and nontranslucent pineapples in training images. The results show a high correlation (R-2 = 0.96) between the likelihood of a sample being rated as good and the actual level of translucency observed. Samples with no translucency were correctly identified 95% of the time, while those with extreme translucency were correctly identified 86% of the time. The results indicate that X-ray imaging is a useful method for selecting either pineapples that are most likely to be free of translucency or those that are most likely to be extremely translucent. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ron@pw.usda.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2006.00086.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 081LK UT WOS:000240318900003 ER PT J AU Cooley, MB Chao, D Mandrell, RE AF Cooley, Michael B. Chao, Diana Mandrell, Robert E. TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 survival and growth on lettuce is altered by the presence of epiphytic bacteria SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; IRRIGATION WATER; CONTAMINATED MANURE; SOIL; FRESH; COLONIZATION; PATHOGENS; STRAINS AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 can survive in low numbers in soil and on plants. Occasionally, conditions may occur in the field that lead to contamination of produce. Survival of enteric pathogens in the field is controlled to a certain extent by complex interactions with indigenous soilborne and seedborne epiphytes. Identifying these interactions may assist in developing strategies to improve produce safety. Two epiphytes were isolated from pathogen-contaminated plants that interact differently with E. coli O157:H7. Wausteria paucula enhanced the survival of E. coli O157:H7 six-fold on lettuce foliage grown from coinoculated lettuce seed. In contrast, Enterobacter asburiae decreased E. coli O157:H7 survival 20- to 30-fold on foliage. Competition also occurred in the rhizosphere and in plant exudate. This competition may be the result of E. asburiae utilization of several of the carbon and nitrogen substrates typically present in exudate and also used by E. coli O157:H7. Hence, competition observed on the plant may involve one or more nutrients provided by the plant. In contrast, a different mechanism may exist between E. coli O157:H7 and W. paucula since commensalism was only observed on foliage, not in the rhizosphere or plant exudate. Good agricultural practices that encourage the growth of competing bacteria, like E. asburiae, may reduce the incidence of produce contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cooley, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mcooley@pw.usda.gov NR 42 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 27 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2329 EP 2335 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400003 PM 17066909 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Boyd, G AF Sommers, Christopher H. Boyd, Glenn TI Radiation sensitivity and postirradiation growth of foodborne pathogens on a ready-to-eat frankfurter on a roll product in the presence of modified atmosphere and antimicrobials SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SODIUM DIACETATE; POTASSIUM LACTATE; SANDWICHES; POPULATIONS; ELIMINATION; INHIBITION; BACTERIA; STORAGE AB Intervention technologies including ionizing radiation, antimicrobials, and modified atmospheres (MA) can be used to inhibit the growth of or inactivate foodborne pathogens on complex ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches. However, the effect of these technologies when used in combination (the hurdle concept) on the survival of foodborne pathogens is unknown. The ability of ionizing radiation to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated onto a frankfurter on a roll product containing the antimicrobials sodium diacetate and potassium lactate in the presence of an MA (100% N-2, 50% N-2 Plus 50% CO2, or 100% CO2) was investigated. The radiation resistances (Dio-values) of the foodborne pathogens were 0.43 to 0.47 kGy for E. coli O157:H7, 0.61 to 0.71 kGy for Salmonella, 0.53 to 0.57 for L monocytogenes, and 0.56 to 0.60 for S. aureus. The MA had no effect on the radiation resistance of the pathogens. During a 2-week storage period under mild temperature abuse (10 degrees C), none of the pathogens were able to proliferate on the frankfurter on a roll product, regardless of the MA used. However, application of sublethal doses of ionizing radiation resulted in increased mortality of the gram-positive pathogens L. monocytogenes and S. aureus during the storage period regardless of the MA. Although the pathogens were unable to proliferate on the frankfurter on a roll product during the storage period, application of a postpackaging intervention step was needed to actually inactivate the foodborne pathogens. Ionizing radiation used in combination with sodium diacetate and potassium lactate resulted in additional mortality of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, independent of the MA, during the 2-week storage period. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2436 EP 2440 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400018 PM 17066924 ER PT J AU Hoefer, D Malone, S Frenzen, P Niarcus, R Scallan, E Zansky, S AF Hoefer, Dina Malone, Shauna Frenzen, Paul Niarcus, Ruthanne Scallan, Elaine Zansky, Shelley TI Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the use of irradiated meat among respondents to the FoodNet Population Survey in Connecticut and New York SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; SAFETY; CHICKEN AB Irradiation of fresh meat to control microbial pathogens received approval from the federal government in February 2000. Food irradiation is a useful, albeit undermilized, process that can help protect the public from foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to determine consumer knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward irradiated meat products. Data were obtained from a single-stage random-digit dialing telephone survey of residents of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites conducted in 2002 to 2003, which included supplemental questions about food safety and irradiated meat for residents of the Connecticut and New York sites. Thirty-seven percent of 3,104 respondents knew that irradiated fresh meat was available for purchase; however, only 2% found the product where they shopped. Knowledge of product availability was significantly influenced by whether a respondent lived in a county with one or more grocery stores operated by chain A, which had actively promoted the sale of irradiated fresh ground beef during the survey period. In a logistic regression model, after adjusting for other factors, respondents living in a county with chain A were more likely to know that irradiated products could be purchased than respondents living in other counties (odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.5). This finding suggests that public education efforts by an individual grocery store chain can have an important effect on knowledge of irradiated food. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoefer, D (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM dxh13@health.state.ny.us NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2441 EP 2446 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400019 PM 17066925 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Guan, DS Hoover, DG Chen, HQ AF Kingsley, David H. Guan, Dongsheng Hoover, Dallas G. Chen, Haiqiang TI Inactivation of hepatitis A virus by high-pressure processing: The role of temperature and pressure oscillation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES-BAILII; MOSAIC-VIRUS; PROTEIN; DENATURATION; CALICIVIRUS; STABILITY; KINETICS; SURVIVAL AB Inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was studied at pressures of 300, 350, and 400 MPa and initial sample temperatures of -10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 degrees C. Sample temperature during pressure application strongly influenced the efficiency of HAV inactivation. Elevated temperature (> 30 degrees C) enhanced pressure inactivation of HAV, while lower temperatures resulted in less inactivation. For example, 1-min treatments of 400 MPa at -10, 20, and 50 degrees C reduced titers of HAV by 1.0, 2.5, and 4.7 log PFU/ml, respectively. Pressure inactivation curves of HAV were obtained at 400 MPa and three temperatures (-10, 20, and 50 degrees C). With increasing treatment time, all three temperatures showed a rapid initial drop in virus titer with a diminishing inactivation rate (or tailing effect). Analysis of inactivation data indicated that the Weibull model more adequately fitted the inactivation curves than the linear model. Oscillatory high-pressure processing for 2, 4, 6, and 8 cycles at 400 MPa and temperatures of 20 and 50 degrees C did not considerably enhance pressure inactivation of HAV as compared with continuous high-pressure application. These results indicate that HAV exhibits, unlike other viruses examined to date, a reduced sensitivity to high pressure observed at cooler treatment temperatures. This work suggested that slightly elevated temperatures are advantageous for pressure inactivation of HAV within foods. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Chen, HQ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM haiqiang@udel.edu NR 34 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2454 EP 2459 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400021 PM 17066927 ER PT J AU Tubajika, KM AF Tubajika, K. M. TI Efficacy of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride on suppression of Physalospora vaccinii in laboratory assays SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISMS AB Growth of Physalospora vaccinii on inoculated agar growth medium and cranberries treated with 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) was investigated in the laboratory. In vitro growth assays, the colony diameter, and mycelial dry weight of P. vaccinii was reduced at 1,000 ppm. ADBAC. Mild or no reduction of fungal growth and mycelial dry weight was observed at concentrations less than 100 ppm when compared with the nonamended control. Growth of P. vaccinii on inoculated cranberries was inhibited by treatment with 10 and 100 ppm, ADBAC. Complete inhibition of fungus growth was also achieved at 1,000 ppm ADBAC. Area under the disease progress curve values in wounded fruits were 75, 77, and 100% at 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm ADBAC, respectively, whereas area under the disease progress curve values in fruits immersed in ADBAC and pathogen were reduced 47 to 100% compared with the untreated fruits used as controls. No P. vaccinii or other fungi were detected on the control fruits inoculated with sterile distilled water. This is the first report on the use of ADBAC to control a field and storage rotting fungus, P. vaccinii. ADBAC is likely to be an important component to any integrated approach for reducing the risks associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in or on foods. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Oits Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Cape Cod, MA 02542 USA. RP Tubajika, KM (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Oits Pest Survey,Detect & Exclus Lab, Cape Cod, MA 02542 USA. EM kayimbi.tubajika@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2460 EP 2464 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 092VC UT WOS:000241124400022 PM 17066928 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Watkins, MA Heidt, ML Anderson, PA Tang, J AF Hansen, J. D. Drake, S. R. Watkins, M. A. Heidt, M. L. Anderson, P. A. Tang, J. TI Radio frequency pulse application for heating uniformity in postharvest codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) control of fresh apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POMONELLA L. LEPIDOPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY AB A radio frequency (RF) treatment, with a pulse mode to increase heating uniformity, was examined as a potential quarantine treatment against fifth instars of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apples, Malus sylvestris L. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., intended for export to Japan. Apples were exposed in water baths to 27.12-MHz RF energy at 12 kW with a pulse mode of 30 s-on/30 s-off for different durations. The temperature uniformity was determined by measurements at 12 sites evenly spaced at two depths in the fruit. The most promising exposure time was 29 min. The efficacy of the treatment with the pulse mode was examined against the codling moth larvae by using exposures between 27 and 30 min and up to 30 min of holding time in bath after treatment. The treatment that killed all larvae with the least amount of energy was the 29-min exposure with 50-min holding time. This treatment was appraised for fruit quality in "Delicious" apples. Some injury was observed when treated fruits were removed from 1C storage after 30 days. When these fruits were held at 25C for 1 week, all were too damaged to evaluate for fruit quality. Although pulse mode increased heating uniformity in the fruit, the thermal requirements to control codling moth larvae may exceed the injury threshold of the fruits. C1 ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov RI Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2006.00089.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 099VO UT WOS:000241625500006 ER PT J AU van Griensven, A Breuer, L Di Luzio, M Vandenberghe, V Goethals, P Meixner, T Arnold, J Srinivasan, R AF van Griensven, A. Breuer, L. Di Luzio, M. Vandenberghe, V. Goethals, P. Meixner, T. Arnold, J. Srinivasan, R. TI Environmental and ecological hydroinformatics to support the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive for river basin management SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE catchment modelling; eco-hydrology; environmental hydroinformatics; EU water framework directive; model integration; SWAT ID DECISION-SUPPORT; MODELING APPROACH; SWAT MODEL; SPECIES RICHNESS; QUALITY MODELS; LANDSCAPE; INTEGRATION; DESIGN; SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY AB Research and development in hydroinformatics can play an important role in environmental impact assessment by integrating physically-based models, data-driven models and other information and Communication Tools (ICT). An illustration is given in this paper describing the developments around the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to support the implementation of the EU water Framework Directive. SWAT operates on the river basin scale and includes processes for the assessment of complex diffuse pollution; it is open-source software, which allows for site-specific modifications to the source and easy linkage to other hydroinformatics tools. A crucial step in the world-wide applicability of SWAT was the integration of the model into a GIS environment, allowing for a quick model set-up using digital information on terrain elevation, land use and management, soil properties and weather conditions. Model analysis tools can be integrated with SWAT to assist in the tedious tasks of model calibration, parameter optimisation, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis and allows better understanding of the model before addressing scientific and societal questions. Finally, further linkage of SWAT to ecological assessment tools, Land Use prediction tools and tools for optimal Experimental Design shows that SWAT can play an important role in multi-disciplinary eco-environmental impact assessment studies. C1 UNESCO, IHE, Inst Water Educ, Dept Hydroinformat & Knowledge Management, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. Univ Ghent, BIOMATH, Dept Appl Math Biometr & Proc Control, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management ILR, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Texas A&M Univ, Environm Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76504 USA. Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Arizona, Coll Engn, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP van Griensven, A (reprint author), UNESCO, IHE, Inst Water Educ, Dept Hydroinformat & Knowledge Management, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. RI Goethals, Peter/A-1116-2008; Breuer, Lutz/C-6652-2013; van Griensven, Ann/M-4312-2013; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 OI Breuer, Lutz/0000-0001-9720-1076; van Griensven, Ann/0000-0002-2105-6287; NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 EI 1465-1734 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.2166/hydro.2006.010 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 082CY UT WOS:000240365500002 ER PT J AU Gibson, GAP Gates, MW Buntin, GD AF Gibson, Gary A. P. Gates, Mfchael W. Buntin, G. David TI Parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Georgia, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; MEXICO HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE; REVISION; WALKER AB Five families and 13 species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) were obtained from mass-reared seedpods of Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) as putative parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Georgia, USA. The species are Conura torvina (Cresson) (Chalcididae), Euderus glaucus Yoshimoto and Necrenums tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae), Brasema allynii (French) n. comb. (from Eupelmus Dalman) and Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead (Eupelmidae), Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (Eurytomidae), and Lyrcus incertus (Ashmead), L. maculatus (Gahan), L. perdubius (Girault), Mesopolobus moryoides Gibson, Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead), Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae). An illustrated key is provided to differentiate the taxa. Lyrcus maculatus constituted about 96% of all reared Pteromalidae and 86% of the total parasitoid fauna. The associations of B. allynii, E. glaucus, E. cyaniceps, E. tylodermatis, L. incertus, N. tylodermae, Pteromalus sp. and P. cerealellae with C. obstrictus are new, but some of these species likely are hyperparasitoids or emerged from insect contaminants of the mass-reared seedpods. The only previous report of a parasitoid of C. obstrictus in eastern North America, Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), is a misidentification. The parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus in Georgia is discussed relative to that known for western North America. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers & Integrated Pest Management, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Gibson, GAP (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers & Integrated Pest Management, KW Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM gibsong@agr.gc.ca NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 187 EP 207 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 138DH UT WOS:000244342800002 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Zolnerowich, G Ferguson, CJ AF Kula, Robert R. Zolnerowich, Gregory Ferguson, Carolyn J. TI Phylogenetic analysis of Chaenusa sensu lato (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) using mitochondrial NADH 1 dehydrogenase gene sequences SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL 16S RDNA; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ICHNEUMONOIDEA; MICROGASTRINAE; PARASITOIDS; ALYSIINAE; D2 AB Alysiinae currently contains over 1,500 described species and is divided into the tribes Alysiini and Dacnusini. There is disagreement on how species should be grouped within Dacnusini, and Chaenusa Haliday is a prime example. Chaenusa sensu lato is defined by the presence of setae on the compound eyes (Griffiths 1964). Alternatively, Riegel (1950, 1982) treated Chaenusa s.l. as three genera, Chaenusa sensu stricto, Chorebidea Viereck, and Chorebidella Riegel, and differentiated the genera primarily using forewing venation and shape of the forewing stigma. Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data have not been undertaken. Therefore, we assessed the monophyly and interspecific relationships of Chaenusa s.l., Chaenusa s.s., Chorebidea, and Chorebidella through maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses using mitochondrial NADH 1 dehydrogenase gene sequences. Chaenusa s.l. and Chorebidea were not monophyletic in any of the analyses, but four of five species of Chorebidea always formed a clade. Further, Chaenusa s.s. and Chorebidella were monophyletic in all analyses and were always sister taxa. The results of this study largely support Riegel's (1950, 1982) treatment of Chaenusa s.l. as Chaenusa s.s., Chorebidea, and Chorebidella. However, we suggest that Chaenusa s.l. be retained until additional phylogenetic analyses have been undertaken to confirm the relationships inferred in this study. In addition to the phylogenetic analyses, we discuss the morphological features relevant to Griffiths' definition of Chaenusa s.l. and Riegel's definition of Chaenusa s.s., Chorebidea, and Chorebidella. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-168,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 251 EP 265 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 138DH UT WOS:000244342800005 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, Badal C. TI Effect of salt nutrients on mannitol production by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lactobacillus intermedius; mannitol production; fructose fermentation; salt nutrients; pH-controlled fermentation; lactic acid production ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; FRUCTOSE AB The effects of four salt nutrients (ammonium citrate, sodium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate) on the production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 in a simplified medium containing 300 g fructose, 5 g soy peptone, and 50 g corn steep liquor per liter in pH-controlled fermentation at 5.0 at 37 degrees C were evaluated using a fractional factorial design. Only manganese sulfate was found to be essential for mannitol production. Added manganese sulfate concentration of 0.033 g/l was found to support maximum production. The bacterium produced 200.6 +/- 0.2 g mannitol, 61.9 +/- 0.1 g lactic acid, and 40.4 +/- 0.3 g acetic acid from 300 g fructose per liter in 67 h. C1 USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0140-1 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 083QK UT WOS:000240473100010 PM 16736171 ER PT J AU Nigmatullin, RR Arbuzov, AA Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S AF Nigmatullin, R. R. Arbuzov, A. A. Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. TI Dielectric relaxation in complex systems: quality sensing and dielectric properties of honeydew melons from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE data processing methods; data reduction methods; analysis and statistical methods AB Based on new data treatment methods, it is possible to identify the fitting function for the complex permittivity epsilon( j omega) measured for a complex system representing plant tissues of honeydew melons in the frequency range (10(7) to 1.8.10(9) Hz) at 25(0)C. The identified fitting function contains 9 fitting parameters and well describes the plant tissue permittivity. These parameters vary for different tissues; their correlation behavior with respect to soluble solids content (SSC), tissue density (TD) and moisture content (MC) are found by a new approach based on the statistics of the fractional moments (SFM). These correlation dependencies expressed in the form of correlation functions can be used for quality sensing of different complex systems, in particular, for ripe fruits and vegetables, where direct relationships between molecular and fitting parameters are not easy to find. These correlation functions can be used for practical purposes to construct a desired calibration curve with respect to quality factors, as for example, moisture content or degree of maturity, expressed in terms of SSC value. The discovered common "universality" in dielectric behavior of such complex materials as plant tissues opens a possibility to use dielectric spectroscopy as a nondestructive method of control in analysis of electrical behavior (measured in the form of complex permittivity or impedance) for other complex materials. C1 [Nigmatullin, R. R.; Arbuzov, A. A.] Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, Kazan 420008, Russia. [Nelson, S. O.; Trabelsi, S.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nigmatullin, RR (reprint author), Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, Kazan 420008, Russia. EM nigmat@knet.ru NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 AR P10002 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/1/10/P10002 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA V44AK UT WOS:000202975400006 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Lupiani, B AF Raina, Ashok K. Lupiani, Blanca TI Acquisition, persistence, and species susceptibility of the Hz-2V virus SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Hz-2V; gonad-specific virus; virus acquisition; host range ID GONAD-SPECIFIC VIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; CORN-EARWORM; INSECT VIRUS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PATHOLOGY AB Hz-2V. formerly called gonad-specific virus, is known to infect the reproductive organs of both males and females of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, rendering them agonadal or sterile. The primary mode of transmission is through mating by asymptomatic carrier moths. In this report we show that Hz-2V can be acquired by first instar larvae, through feeding on virus laced diet, although the incidence of agonadal condition was significantly lower. In a laboratory study, the virus appeared to persist for no more than three generations, with the incidence of agonadal progeny decreasing with each generation. Although, Hz-2V has been reported only from H. zea, in our tests when nine species of insects were artificially infected, four of the Noctuid species showed some signs of agonadal condition. Out of the remaining five species, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and the German cockroach Blatella germanica, showed no evidence of the virus in progeny of adults that were injected with Hz-2V, even after using the very sensitive PCR based assay. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subetrranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subetrranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.06.004 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 094SR UT WOS:000241259800001 PM 16904685 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA Behle, RW AF Arthurs, S. P. Lacey, L. A. Behle, R. W. TI Evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as solar protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; granulovirus; apple; ultraviolet; adjuvant; spray-dried microencapsulated formulations; lignin ID ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; STORAGE STABILITY; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA; APPLE; PERSISTENCE; SUNLIGHT; TORTRICIDAE; ORCHARDS AB Commercial formulations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., granulovirus (CpGV) are limited by their short residual activity under orchard conditions in the Pacific Northwest. We evaluated spray-dried lignin-encapsulated formulations of CpGV for improved solar stability based on laboratory bioassays with a solar simulator and in field tests in an infested apple orchard. In laboratory tests, aqueous lignin formulations containing a high dosage of 3 x 10(10) occlusion bodies (OB)/L, with and without the additives titanium dioxide (TiO2) and sugar, provided significant solar protection of virus, i.e., mortality of codling moth exposed to lignin formulations that had been irradiated with 9.36 x 10(6) joules/m(2) was 92-94%, compared with 66-67% from a glycerin-stabilized product (Cyd-X (R)) or suspension of pure unformulated virus at the same rates. By comparison, a lower dosage of the lignin formulation (3 x 10(8) OB/L) did not provide significant solar protection. Equivalent dosage-dependent patterns in solar protection were observed in further tests with the lignin formulation, when an intermediate (3 x 10(9) OB/L) as well as the low dosage provided no solar protection. Equivalent rates of a blank lignin formulation (containing no virus) did not affect larval mortality, suggesting a protective effect of the lignin on the virus at the high rate. The use of several spray adjuvants, 'NuFilm-17 (R)' and 'Organic Biolink (R)' (sticker-spreaders at 0.06% v/v), 'Raynox (R)' (sunburn protectant at 5% v/v), and 'Trilogy (R)'(neem oil at 1% v/v) did not provide solar protection of a commercial CpGV preparation in laboratory tests. In season long orchard tests (Golden Delicious), the lignin formulation of CpGV applied at 6.57 x 10(12) OB/ha did not significantly improve control of codling moth or protection of fruit compared with Cyd-X at equivalent rates. Our studies show that lignin-based CpGV formulations provided solar protection at relatively high virus dosages. The testing of lignin formulations containing reduced virus concentrations may allow virus solar protection to be achieved at more economical rates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.04.008 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 094SR UT WOS:000241259800004 PM 16774766 ER PT J AU Evans, JD AF Evans, Jay D. TI Beepath: An ordered quantitative-PCR array for exploring honey bee immunity and disease SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social insect; Apis mellifera; innate immunity; American foulbrood; Paenibacillus larvae; gene expression; RT-PCR; microarray ID APIS-MELLIFERA; GENE-EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; AMPLIFICATION; MICROARRAYS; DROSOPHILA; SEQUENCE; ECOLOGY; DEFENSE AB Honey bees and other insects face many important parasites and pathogens against which they have evolved behavioral, morphological, physiological, and immune-based defenses. To help validate honey bee immune-gene candidates and determine their responsiveness to pathogens., a quantitative-PCR array was developed to measure transcript levels for 48 honey bee and pathogen genes in parallel. It is shown that this array can accurately measure host and pathogen transcript abundance, providing a new tool for assessing the environmental and genetic components behind honey bee immunity. By using common platforms and chemistries (e.g., SYBR-Green intercalating dye), quantitative-PCR arrays such as the one described should have diverse uses in invertebrate pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 31 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.04.004 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 094SR UT WOS:000241259800010 PM 16737710 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS AF Buyer, Jeffrey S. TI Rapid and sensitive FAME analysis of bacteria by cold trap injection gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; fatty acid analysis; gas chromatography ID FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Whole cell fatty acid analysis is commonly used to identify bacteria. A cold trap, using a commercially available device that directs a stream of compressed air across a section of the GC column, is used to focus peaks at the head of the column. When combined with a rapid sample processing method that uses smaller volumes of solvents, it becomes possible to correctly identify bacteria from 1 to 2 mg of biomass. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SASL, Bldg 001 Room 140 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buyerj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.03.017 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 088KX UT WOS:000240811700021 PM 16678289 ER PT J AU Lim Kwon, J Seo, HJ Kim, EO Meydani, M Kim, JD AF Lim Kwon, Jong Seo, Hyo Jin Kim, Eun Ok Meydani, Mohsen Kim, Jong Deog TI Identification of anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials from halophilic enterobacteria of the Trachurus japonicus SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-angiogenesis; antioxidative capacity; cytotoxicity; fusiform fish; cell adhesion; protein-like material (PLM) ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTORS; IN-VITRO; INHIBITION; VEGF; EXPRESSION; MONOCYTES; SYSTEM; CANCER; ACID AB The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of 18.5 mu g/ml) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited cell adhesion that non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with IL-1 beta by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with IL-1 beta to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-1 beta-stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of 18.5 mu g/ml. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, beta-catenin, and VE-cadherin to NF-kB, based on western bolt analysis. It also inhibited IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 by 40%, VCAM-1 by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities, and non-toxicity may be expected from these results. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Yosu 550749, Chonnam, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kim, JD (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Yosu 550749, Chonnam, South Korea. EM pasteur@chonnam.ac.kr NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1544 EP 1553 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 100QB UT WOS:000241682500009 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Morris, CF AF Massa, Alicia N. Morris, Craig F. TI Molecular evolution of the puroindoline-a, puroindoline-b, and grain softness protein-1 genes in the tribe triticeae SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE puroindoline; grain softness protein-1; antimicrobial peptides; positive selection ID AMINO-ACID SITES; POSITIVE SELECTION; HARDNESS LOCUS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; WHEAT; INFERENCE; AEGILOPS AB The genome organization of the Hardness locus in the tribe Triticeae constitutes an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of evolution that played a role in the preservation and potential functional innovations of duplicate genes. Here we applied the nonsynonymous-synonymous rate ratio (d (N) /d (S) or omega) to measure the selective pressures at the paralogous puroindoline-a (Pina), puroindoline-b (Pinb), and grain softness protein-1 (Gsp-1) genes located at this locus. Puroindolines represent the molecular-genetic basis of grain texture. In addition, the puroindoline gene products have antimicrobial properties with potential role in plant defense. We document the complete coding sequences from the Triticum/Aegilops taxa, rye and barley including the A, D, C, H, M, N, R, S, and U genomes of the Triticeae. Maximum likelihood analyses performed on Bayesian phylogenetic trees showed distinct evolutionary patterns among Pina, Pinb, and Gsp-1. Positive diversifying selection appeared to drive the evolution of at least one of the three genes examined, suggesting that adaptive forces have operated at this locus. Results evidenced positive selection (omega > 4) at Pina and detected amino acid residues along the mature PIN-a protein with a high probability (> 95%) of having evolved under adaptation. We hypothesized that positive selection at the Pina region is congruent with its role as a plant defense gene. C1 USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, WSU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, WSU, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 48 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 63 IS 4 BP 526 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s00239-005-0292-z PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 097NL UT WOS:000241454600010 PM 16897260 ER PT J AU Wang, H Khaoustov, VI Krishnan, B Cai, W Stoll, B Burrin, DG Yoffe, B AF Wang, Hui Khaoustov, Vladimir I. Krishnan, Buvaneswari Cai, Wei Stoll, Barbara Burrin, Douglas G. Yoffe, Boris TI Total parenteral nutrition induces liver steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HEPATOBILIARY DYSFUNCTION; NF-KAPPA-B; HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; FATTY LIVER; CELL-DEATH; PATHOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; NECROSIS; INJURY AB Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces a high rate of liver disease in infants, yet the pathogenesis remains elusive. We used neonatal piglets as an animal model to assess early events leading to TPN-mediated liver injury. Newborn piglets (n = 7) were nourished for 7 d on TPN or enteral nutrition (EN) and the liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes were subjected to morphologic and molecular analysis. Histological analysis revealed prominent steatosis (grade > 2) in 6 of 7 TPN pigs, whereas minimal steatosis (grade : 1) was observed in only 2 EN pigs. Abundant cytosolic cytochrome C and DNA fragmentation were observed in hepatocytes from TPN compared with EN piglets. Markers of mitochondrial and Fas-mediated apoptosis were altered in TPN liver tissue, as indicated by a lower ATP concentration (P < 0.05), accumulation of ubiquitin, 9.9-fold activation of caspase-3 activity (P < 0.01), and increased cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-8, -9, and -7 when compared with EN livers. Bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was downregulated, whereas Fas and Bax were upregulated in TPN livers. However, levels of caspase-12 and Bip/GRP78, both markers of endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis, did not differ between the groups. Short-term TPN induces steatosis and oxidative stress, which results in apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial and Fas pathways. Thus, TPN-induced steatosis in newborn piglets may serve as a novel animal model to assess the pathogenesis of fatty liver and apoptosis-mediated liver injury in infants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Michael E DeBakey Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Yoffe, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Michael E DeBakey Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM byoffe@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK56338] NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 136 IS 10 BP 2547 EP 2552 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 089OH UT WOS:000240889600016 PM 16988124 ER PT J AU Gao, X Martin, A Lin, H Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Gao, Xiang Martin, Antonio Lin, Hai Bermudez, Odilia I. Tucker, Katherine L. TI alpha-tocopherol intake and plasma concentration of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elders is associated with dietary intake pattern SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; VITAMIN-E STATUS; US ADULTS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MAXIMAL AMOUNT; BETA-CAROTENE; WOMEN; CANCER; CONSUMPTION; SMOKERS AB alpha-Tocopherol from foods has been associated with protection against several chronic diseases and maintenance of immune function. However, most people do not meet current recommendations for intake. We examined alpha-tocopherol intake and plasma concentration in a representative sample of Puerto Rican and Dominican older adults (n = 447) and in neighborhood-matched non-Hispanic whites (n = 155). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Mean dietary intakes of alpha-tocopherol were 6 mg in both ethnicities. Only 4.7% of women and 7.9% of men met the estimated average requirement (12 mg/d) for vitamin E from food alone. Top sources of alpha-tocopherol for Hispanics included oils and milk, and for non-Hispanic whites they were ready-to-eat breakfast cereal and sweet baked products. Mean plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were 24.5 mu mol/L for Hispanics and 25.8 mu mol/L for non-Hispanic whites (P > 0.05). Plasma alpha-tocopherol was positively associated with alpha-tocopherol intake (P= 0.003), and significance remained after adjusting covariates and after exclusion of supplement users (P for trend = 0.008). We identified the following 5 dietary patterns by cluster analysis: 1) fruit and breakfast cereal, 2) starchy vegetables, 3) rice, 4) milk and milk products, and 5) sweets. Those following the sweets pattern had the lowest plasma alpha-tocopherol relative to those following the fruit and breakfast cereal or milk patterns (P < 0.05 for all), although they had similar intakes. A large proportion of these elders > 90%) have inadequate intake of alpha-tocopherol, and plasma concentrations were associated with intake patterns. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Boston VA Healthcare Syst, Ctr Org Leadership & Management Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG023394, AG10425] NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 136 IS 10 BP 2574 EP 2579 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 089OH UT WOS:000240889600021 PM 16988129 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Weismayer, C Akesson, A Tucker, KL Wolk, A AF Newby, P. K. Weismayer, Christoph Akesson, Agneta Tucker, Katherine L. Wolk, Alicja TI Longitudinal changes in food patterns predict changes in weight and body mass index and the effects are greatest in obese women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MAJOR DIETARY PATTERNS; SWEDISH WOMEN; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; BREAST-CANCER; FAT; VALIDITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; CONSUMPTION; ADULTS AB The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in food patterns were associated with changes in BMI among women over 9 y. Data were from 33,840 women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort in 1987 and 1997. Diet was assessed with a FFQ at both time points and 4 food patterns were derived using confirmatory factor analysis (Healthy, Western/Swedish, Alcohol, and Sweets). Our exposure variables were defined as change in factor score for each food pattern from 1987 to 1997. Our outcome variable was defined as change in BMI during the same period, and we also examined change in weight. Normal weight and overweight women had positive changes in weight and BMI during follow-up, whereas obese women had negative changes in BMI and weight; we observed a significant interaction between change in food patterns and baseline BMI. Obese subjects who increased their factor score for the Healthy pattern had larger decreases in BMI (beta = -0.18 kg/m(2) for a 1 unit increase in SD score, Cl: -0.26 to -0.10 ; P < 0.0001), whereas normal weight and overweight women who increased their Healthy pattern score had smaller increases in BMI (-0.05 kg/m(2) and -0.11 kg/m(2), respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Obese women who increased their Healthy pattern score > 3 SD had almost a 4 kg decrease in weight and a 1 unit decrease in BMI at follow-up. In conclusion, changes in eating patterns were significantly related to changes in BMI over 9 y and the effect was modified by baseline BMI. Pattern analysis is helpful in generating hypotheses regarding the role of diet in obesity, and additional research is needed to understand which elements of our patterns are protective or risk factors for weight gain. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 34 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 136 IS 10 BP 2580 EP 2587 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 089OH UT WOS:000240889600022 PM 16988130 ER PT J AU Blanton, CA Moshfegh, AJ Baer, DJ Kretsch, MJ AF Blanton, Cynthia A. Moshfegh, Alanna J. Baer, David J. Kretsch, Mary J. TI The USDA automated multiple-pass method accurately estimates group total energy and nutrient intake SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; DIETARY-INTAKE; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; WOMEN; EXPENDITURE; VALIDATION; SYSTEM; SCALE; HUMANS AB The imperative to address the national obesity epidemic has stimulated efforts to develop accurate dietary assessment methods suitable for large-scale applications. This study evaluated the performance of the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), the computerized dietary recall designed for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary survey, and 2 epidemiological methods [the Block food-frequency questionnaire (Block) and National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ)] using doubly labeled water (DLW) total energy expenditure (TEE) and 14-d estimated food record (FR) absolute nutrient intake as criterion measures. Twenty highly motivated, normal-weight-stable, premenopausal women participated in a free-living study that included 2 unannounced AMPM recalls and completion of the Block and DHQ. AMPM and FR total energy intake (TEI) did not differ significantly from DLW TEE [AMPM: 8982 2625 kJ; FR: 8416 +/- 2217; DLW: 8905 +/- 1881 (mean +/- SD)]. Conversely, the questionnaires underestimated TEI by similar to 28% (Block: 6365 +/- 2193; DHQ: 6215 +/- 1976; P < 0.0001 vs. DLW). Pearson correlation coefficients for DLW TEE with each dietary method TEI showed a stronger linear relation for AMPM (r = 0.53; P = 0.02) and FR (r = 0.41; P = 0.07) than for the Block (r = 0.25; P = 0.29) and DHO (r = 0.15; P = 0.53). Most mean absolute FR nutrient intakes were closely approximated by the AMPM but were significantly underestimated by the questionnaires. In highly motivated premenopausal women, the AMPM provides valid measures of group total energy and nutrient intake whereas the Block and DHO yield underestimations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM molly.kretsch@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 206 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 136 IS 10 BP 2594 EP 2599 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 089OH UT WOS:000240889600024 PM 16988132 ER PT J AU Wang, TTY Milner, MJ Milner, JA Kim, YS AF Wang, Thomas T. Y. Milner, Matthew J. Milner, John A. Kim, Young S. TI Estrogen receptor alpha as a target for indole-3-carbinol SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE indole-3-carbinol; 3,3 '-diindolylmethane; estrogen receptor alpha ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MAMMARY-GLAND; MESSENGER-RNA; TUMOR-CELLS; RISK; ACTIVATION; PREVENTION; MCF-7; GENE AB A wealth of preclinical evidence supports the antitumorigenic properties of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is a major bioactive food component in cruciferous vegetables. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) accounting for these effects remain unresolved. In the present study, estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) was identified as a potential molecular target for I3C. Treating MCF-7 cells with 100 mu M I3C reduced ER-alpha mRNA expression by approximately 60% compared to controls. This reduction in ER-a transcript levels was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The I3C dimer, 3,3'-diindolylmetbane (DIM), was considerably more effective in depressing ER-alpha mRNA in MCF-7 cells than the monomeric unit. The suppressive effects of 5 mu M DIM on ER-alpha mRNA was comparable to that caused by 100 mu M I3C. DIM is known to accumulate in the nucleus and is a preferred ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to 13C. The addition of other AhR ligands, alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF, 10 mu M) and lutcolin (10 mu M), to the culture media resulted in a similar suppression in ER-alpha mRNA levels to that caused by 5 mu M DIM. Thus, it is likely that the binding of ligands to AhR inhibits nuclear ER-alpha transcript. The results from these experiments suggest that the antitumorigenic effects of I3C in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells may arise from its ability to reduce ER-alpha expression through the binding of its metabolite, DIM, to the nuclear AhR. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutirents Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutirents Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangt@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 10 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.10.012 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 091CU UT WOS:000241004500002 PM 16488130 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Bhaiyat, MI Macpherson, CNL de Allie, C Chikweto, A Kwok, OCH Sharma, RN AF Dubey, J. P. Bhaiyat, M. I. Macpherson, C. N. L. de Allie, C. Chikweto, A. Kwok, O. C. H. Sharma, R. N. TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Grenada, West Indies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; INFECTION; CHICKENS AB Cats are important in the natural epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii, because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts. Cats are infected with T. gondii via predation on infected birds and rodents. During 2005, 238 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were trapped in Grenada, West Indies, and their sera along with tissue samples from their hearts and brains were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT, titer 1:40 or higher); only 2 (0.8%) of 238 rats were found to be infected. Brains and hearts of all rats were bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain and the heart of only I rat, which had a MAT titer of 1:320, All of 5 mice inoculated with the heart tissue, and the 5 mice inoculated with the brain tissue of the infected rat remained asymptomatic, even though tissue cysts were found in their brains. Genetically, the isolates of T. gondii from the heart and the brain were identical and had genotype III by using the SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, and GRA6 gene markers. These data indicate that rats are not important in the natural history of T gondii in Grenada. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. St Georges Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Paraclin Studies, Grenada, W Ind Assoc St. St Georges Univ, Windward Isl Res & Educ Fdn, Grenada, W Ind Assoc St. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1108 DI 10.1645/GE-902R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 105SJ UT WOS:000242052300036 PM 17152961 ER PT J AU Ramirez, A Wong, WW Shulman, RJ AF Ramirez, Alex Wong, William W. Shulman, Robert J. TI Factors regulating gastric emptying in.preterm infants SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ACID BREATH TEST; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; FEEDING TOLERANCE; FORMULA AB Objectives To determine whether osmolality, volume, or energy density affects gastric emptying rate (GE); whether simultaneously decreasing osmolality and increasing volume accelerates GE; and whether GE is related to any clinical and/or demographic characteristics. Study design GE was measured using the (13)G-octanoic acid breath test in 17 infants of 25 to 30 weeks gestation in a tertiary care children's hospital. In study 1, the independent effects of osmolality, volume, and nutrient density were evaluated in 10 infants. In study 2, the combined effects of decreasing osmolality and increasing volume were evaluated in 7 infants. Results from all infants were used to investigate the relationships between clinical and demographic characteristics and GE. The statistical analysis comprised analysis of covariance, the (paired) Student it-test, the 1-sample Wilcoxon test, and regression analysis. Results Mean ( standard deviation) age was 27.7 +/- 14.6 days in study 1 and 34.1 +/- 14.0 days in study 2. Altering osmolality, volume, or energy density did not change GE, but simultaneously decreasing osmolality and increasing feeding volume accelerated GE by 18% versus standard feeding. GE correlated with gestational age at birth. Conclusions Unlike in adults, in preterm infants osmolality, volume, or energy density individually do not affect GE. Reducing osmolality and increasing feeding volume increases GE. GE is related to gestational age at birth even at age 1 month. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Pediat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shulman, RJ (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rshulman@bcm.edu NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.05.028 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 095XC UT WOS:000241340600012 PM 17011317 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Read, JJ AF Wilson, Clyde Read, John J. TI Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ion relations of a barnyardgrass species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Echinochloa crus-galli (L.); weed; salinity; salt stress; salt tolerance; ions ID ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; TOLERANCE; CALCIUM; PLANTS; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; SEEDLINGS; SODIUM; COTTON; ROOTS AB Recent investigations of the plant genome have revealed a large degree of similarity among cereal crops (specifically within the family Triticeae) and other related grass species. Recognition of the close genetic relationship among the grasses indicates that more exotic species, such as weedy grasses, may be exploited by plant breeders to enhance biotic/abiotic stress tolerance in cereal crops. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)(1) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), a wide-spread, persistent C-4 weed species of agricultural importance, is reported to tolerate high levels of salinity. Growth and ion relations were studied in barnyardgrass using mixed-salt salinity (with final electrical conductivities (ECi) of 3 (control), 7, 11, and 19 dS m(-1) in the irrigation water) to determine whether the mechanism(s) for its salt tolerance are similar to those previously reported for other cereal crops. Such a finding would indicate that barnyardgrass may possess valuable genetic traits. Ion accumulation and ion selectivity ratios in the various treatments were determined from oven-dried shoot tissue. Significant (P < 0.01) linear regressions were obtained between either fresh weight or plant height and ECi. The point of 50% reduction (C-50) in fresh weight was predicted to occur at about 13.9 dS m(-1); the C-50 value for plant height was at about 22.9 dS m(-1). Statistical analysis of calculated Gapon constants for potassium (K)/sodium (Na) indicated that ion selectivity was not affected until after 11 dS m(-1). Calcium (Ca)/Na selectivity was not significantly affected by salinity. We concluded that, similar to some cereal crops, barnyardgrass maintains growth under saline conditions by maintaining high K/Na ratios, possibly because of better membrane integrity due to high Ca selectivity. < sup > 1 Mention of company names or products is for the benefit of the reader and does not imply endorsement, guarantee, or preferential treatment by the USDA or its agents. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM CWilson@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1741 EP 1753 DI 10.1080/01904160600897455 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086XL UT WOS:000240706300003 ER PT J AU Norvell, WA Adams, ML AF Norvell, W. A. Adams, M. L. TI Screening soybean cultivars for resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis in culture solutions containing magnesium or sodium bicarbonate SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bicarbonate-induced chlorosis; iron deficiency; plant nutrition; chlorosis screening; bicarbonate; sodium; magnesium; nutrient solution; soybean; Glycine max ID LIME-INDUCED CHLOROSIS; PLANTS; SOIL; ROOTSTOCKS; TOLERANCE AB Hydroponic culture solutions containing bicarbonate (HCO3-) may be used to screen crops such as soybeans (Glycine max) for resistance to iron (Fe) deficiency or chlorosis. Some successful methods use sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in combination with elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) to buffer pH and elevate bicarbonate. Replacing NaHCO3 with magnesium bicarbonate [Mg(HCO3)(2)] as the form of bicarbonate alkalinity has the potential to produce culture solutions that simulate soil solutions more closely and eliminate any potential for specific sodium (Na) toxicities in sensitive plants. A modified screening solution based on Mg(HCO3)(2)-CO2 was tested against the successful NaHCO3-CO2 method, using three soybean varieties of known resistance to Fe-deficiency chlorosis. Alkalinity was 10 mM [added as NaHCO3 or Mg(HCO3)(2)], solutions were aerated with 3% CO2, and Fe was provided as FeDTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) at 15 mu M (low Fe) or 60 mu M (adequate Fe). Leaf chlorophyll, visual chlorosis index, and leaf Fe concentration were closely related. Solutions based on NaHCO3 or Mg(HCO3)(2) provided identical chlorosis-susceptibility rankings for the three cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Norvell, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM WAN1@cornell.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1855 EP 1867 DI 10.1080/01904160600899402 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086XL UT WOS:000240706300012 ER PT J AU Fung, RWM Wang, CY Smith, DL Gross, KC Tao, Y Tian, MS AF Fung, Raymond W. M. Wang, Chien Y. Smith, David L. Gross, Kenneth C. Tao, Yang Tian, Meisheng TI Characterization of alternative oxidase (AOX) gene expression in response to methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate pre-treatment and low temperature in tomatoes SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative oxidase; chilling injury; Lycopersicon esculentum; methyl salicylate; RNA processing ID MESSENGER-RNA; FREEZING TOLERANCE; CHILLING INJURY; SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPLICING FACTORS AB Methyl saticytate (MeSA) vapor increased resistance against chitting injury (Cl) in freshly harvested pink tomatoes. The expression patterns of alternative oxidase (AOX) before and during the chilling period demonstrated that pre-treatment of tomato fruit with MeSA vapor increased the transcript levels of AOX. We used 4 EST tomato clones of AOX from the public database that belong to two distinctly related families, 1 and 2 defined in plants. Three clones were designated as LeAOX1a, 1b and 1c and the fourth clone as LeAOX2. Using RT-PCR, 1a and 1b genes were found to be expressed in leaf, root and fruit tissues, but 1 c was expressed preferentially in roots. RNA transcript from LeAOX1a of AOX subfamily 1 was present in much greater abundance than 1b or 1c. The presence of longer AOX transcripts detected by RNA get blot analysis in cold-stored tomato fruit was confirmed to be the un-spliced prem-RNA transcripts of LeAOX1a and LeAOX1b genes. Intron splicing of LeAOX1c gene was also affected by cold storage when it was detected in roots. This alternative splicing event in AOX pre-mRNAs molecules occurred, preferentially at tow temperature, regardless of mRNA abundance. Transcript levels of several key genes involved in RNA processing (splicing factors: 9G8-SR and SF2-SR, fibrillarin and DEAD box RNA helicase) were also affected by changes in storage temperature. The aberrant splicing event in AOX pre-mRNA and its possible association with the change in expression of genes involved in RNA processing in tomato fruit having chilling disorder was discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Produce Quak & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. HortRes, Mt Albert Res Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Produce Quak & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 163 IS 10 BP 1049 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.11.003 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 094XF UT WOS:000241271800007 PM 16376455 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Otieno, AW AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. Otieno, Andrew W. TI Considerations for manufacturing bio-based plastic products SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bioplastics; composites; properties; standards; testing ID REINFORCED POLYESTER COMPOSITES; NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES; STARCH-BASED FOAMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORN STOVER; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; SURFACE MODIFICATION AB One engine that drives the United States' economic growth is an ever-increasing demand for manufactured products, both at home and abroad. This increase has created a major concern for the environment in terms of disposing used goods and ensuring that these products are safe. As environmental concerns grow, however, renewable resources are gaining increasing attention, especially as industrial ecology and product biodegradability gain importance. Added to this, biological materials are increasingly being utilized to replace traditional materials in manufacturing. To aid both educators as well as researchers, this paper examines several considerations that are essential for manufacturing plastic products that contain biomaterials. These include the selection of materials, the selection of manufacturing processes, manufacturing costs, and the quality of final products. Additionally, several standard methods that are commonly used for the determination of mechanical and physical properties are compiled; thus this paper should be a useful resource for both educators and researchers. The trends discussed here and their implications are critical for those involved in manufacturing, because contrary to conventional wisdom, simultaneously meeting the material production needs of our society, as well as that of the environment are not mutually-exclusive. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Technol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov; otieno@ceet.niu.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10924-006-0036-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 110GC UT WOS:000242365300001 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS AF Dungan, Robert S. TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolics in ferrous and non-ferrous waste foundry sands SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PYROLYSIS; PRODUCTS AB A total of 43 sets of waste sand were collected from ferrous and non-ferrous foundries in the eastern United States. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 17 phenolics were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after accelerated solvent extraction. Since there is interest in beneficially using waste foundry sands (WFSs) in geotechnical applications and as an aggregate in manufactured soils, it is essential that PAHs and phenolics be monitored to ensure environmental protection. Anthracene, fluorene, naphthalene and phenanthrene were the most prevalent PAHs, as they were detected in > 79% of the WFSs. In general, naphthalene was found at the highest concentrations, ranging from 0.12 to as high as 48 mg kg(-1). Based on Wisconsin's beneficial use regulations, 9 of 43 WFSs would not meet Category 1 criteria, due to high levels of phenanthrene. For the phenolics, phenol was generally found at the highest concentration, followed by 2-methylphenol and then 3- and 4-methylphenol and 2,4-dimethyl phenol. Phenol was present in 91% of the WFSs at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 186 mg kg(-1). Information from this study will help states in developing or reviewing regulatory structures that will ensure environmental protection and encourage the beneficial use of WFSs. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 109JG UT WOS:000242303400003 ER PT J AU Murphy, SP Guenther, PM Kretsch, MJ AF Murphy, Suzanne P. Guenther, Patricia M. Kretsch, Mary J. TI Using the dietary reference intakes to assess intakes of groups: Pitfalls to avoid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUTRIENT DATABASES; INDIVIDUALS; EVALUATE C1 Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Murphy, SP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St,Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM Suzanne@crch.hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1550 EP 1553 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.021 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 090BI UT WOS:000240925200011 PM 17000187 ER PT J AU Subar, AF Dodd, KW Guenther, PM Kipnis, V Midthune, D McDowell, M Tooze, JA Freedman, LS Krebs-Smith, SM AF Subar, Amy F. Dodd, Kevin W. Guenther, Patricia M. Kipnis, Victor Midthune, Douglas McDowell, Margaret Tooze, Janet A. Freedman, Laurence S. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. TI The Food Propensity Questionnaire: Concept, development, and validation for use as a covariate in a model to estimate usual food intake SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY MEASUREMENT ERROR; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRES; SAMPLE AB Objective Twenty-four- hour recalls capture rich information on food consumption, but suffer from inadequately measuring usual intakes of episodically consumed foods. We explore using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data as covariates in a statistical model to estimate individual usual intakes of episodically consumed foods and their distributions and describe the development of the Food Propensity Questionnaire, an FFQ introduced in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Design We analyzed data from 965 adult participants in the Eating at America's Table Study who completed four 24-hour recalls and an FFQ. We assessed whether or not increasing FFQ-reported frequency was associated with both number of 24-hour recall consumption days and amounts reported. Results For 52 of 56 food groups (93%), and 218 of 230 individual foods (95%), there were significant monotonically increasing relationships between FFQ frequency and 24-hour recall probability of consumption. For 47 of 56 food groups (84%) and 55 of 230 (24%) individual foods, there were significant positive correlations between FFQ frequencies and consumption-day mean intake. Conclusions We found strong and consistent relationships between reported FFQ frequency of food and food-group consumption and probability of consumption on 24-hour recalls. This supports the premise that frequency data may offer important covariate information in supplementing multiple recalls for estimating usual intake of food groups. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Biostat Sect, Winston Salem, NC USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Subar, AF (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4005,MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM subara@mail.nih.gov NR 23 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.002 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 090BI UT WOS:000240925200012 PM 17000188 ER PT J AU Tooze, JA Midthune, D Dodd, KW Freedman, LS Krebs-Smith, SM Subar, AF Guenther, PM Carroll, RJ Kipnis, V AF Tooze, Janet A. Midthune, Douglas Dodd, Kevin W. Freedman, Laurence S. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Subar, Amy F. Guenther, Patricia M. Carroll, Raymond J. Kipnis, Victor TI A new statistical method for estimating the usual intake of episodically consumed foods with application to their distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; CONSUMPTION AB Objective We propose a new statistical method that uses information from two 24-hour recalls to estimate usual intake of episodically consumed foods. Statistical analyses performed The method developed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) accommodates the large number of nonconsumption days that occur with foods by separating the probability of consumption from the consumption-day amount, using a two-part model. Covariates, such as sex, age, race, or information from a food frequency questionnaire, may supplement the information from two or more 24-hour recalls using correlated mixed model regression. The model allows for correlation between the probability of consuming a food on a single day and the consumption-day amount. Percentiles of the distribution of usual intake are computed from the estimated model parameters. Results The Eating at America's Table Study data are used to illustrate the method to estimate the distribution of usual intake for whole grains and dark-green vegetables for men and women and the distribution of usual intakes of whole grains by educational level among men. A simulation study indicates that the NCI method leads to substantial improvement over existing methods for estimating the distribution of usual intake of foods. Conclusions The NCI method provides distinct advantages over previously proposed methods by accounting for the correlation between probability of consumption and amount consumed and by incorporating covariate information. Researchers interested in estimating the distribution of usual intakes of foods for a population or subpopulation are advised to work with a statistician and incorporate the NCI method in analyses. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Tooze, JA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jtooze@wfubmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA057030-19, CA-57030, R37 CA057030]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES09106, P30 ES009106-04, P30 ES009106] NR 15 TC 204 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1575 EP 1587 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.003 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 090BI UT WOS:000240925200014 PM 17000190 ER PT J AU Dodd, KW Guenther, PM Freedman, LS Subar, AF Kipnis, V Midthune, D Tooze, JA Krebs-Smith, SM AF Dodd, Kevin W. Guenther, Patricia M. Freedman, Laurence S. Subar, Amy F. Kipnis, Victor Midthune, Douglas Tooze, Janet A. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. TI Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: A review of the theory SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID DIETARY RECALL DATA; INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; NUTRITION; VARIANCE; DESIGN AB Although 24-hour recalls are fiequently used in dietary assessment, intake on a single day is a poor estimator of long-term usual intake. Statistical modeling mitigates this limitation more effectively than averaging multiple 24-hour recalls per respondent. In this article, we describe the statistical theory that underlies the four major modeling methods developed to date, then review the strengths and limitations of each method. We focus on the problem of estimating the distribution of usual intake for a population from 24-hour recall data, giving special attention to the problems inherent in modeling usual intake for foods or food groups that a proportion of the population does not consume every day (ie, episodically consumed foods). All four statistical methods share a common framework. Differences between the methods arise from different assumptions about the measurement characteristics of 24-hour recalls and from the fact that more recently developed methods build upon their predecessor(s). These differences can result in estimated usual intake distributions that differ from one another. We also demonstrate the need for an improved method for estimating usual intake distributions for episodically consumed foods. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Biostat Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Biostat Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. RP Dodd, KW (reprint author), NCI, 6116 Execut Blvd,MSC 8317, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM doddk@mail.nih.gov NR 28 TC 238 Z9 251 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 106 IS 10 BP 1640 EP 1650 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.011 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 090BI UT WOS:000240925200021 PM 17000197 ER PT J AU Ding, K Taylor, MM Brown, EM AF Ding, K. Taylor, M. M. Brown, E. M. TI Effect of genipin on the thermal stability of hide powder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; PLANT POLYPHENOLS; GELATIN; LEATHER; MECHANISM; CHITOSAN AB Genipin, a derivative of the iridold glycoside geniposide in the fruit of Gardenia jasmindides Ellis, is a naturally occurring protein crosslinking agent, which is not cytotoxic, and is beginning to replace glutaraldehyde as a fixative for biological tissues. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of iridoid compounds, In particular genipin, for use as tanning agents. The tanning effect of genipin on bovine hide powder was investigated. Parameters including the dosage of genipin, reaction time, pH and temperature of the tanning process were varied. The peak temperature (Tp) obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of treated hide powder was used to evaluate the tanning effect. The results indicated that hide powder which had been treated with 5% genipin at pH similar to 7 and 35 degrees C for 24 h had a Tp of 79 degrees C. A secondary observation was that the tanned hide powder exhibited a dark blue color characteristic of the reaction of primary amines with genipin. A likely mechanism for genipin tanning is discussed. These results provide a new potential approach to chromium-free tanning for the leather industry. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. SW Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Environm Protect Engn, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ellie.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 101 IS 10 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 098TK UT WOS:000241545500003 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Ashby, R Ding, KY AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Ashby, Richard Ding, Keyi TI Envionmental effects on chrome-free leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COLLAGEN; ENERGY AB Chrome-free leather has gradually gained commercial importance, particularly for automobile upholstery applications. In many respects, however, chrome-free leather is inferior to chrome-tanned leather. UV and heat are known to be more detrimental to chrome-free leather than to chrome-tanned leather, especially in regard to the colorfastness of dyestuff and mechanical properties. Temperature, UV radiation, and humidity are key environmental factors that affect leather properties. The role of humidity and its interaction with UV radiation and temperature on leather properties, however, are not clear to the leather industry, and this information is needed for formulation of antioxidants that will protect chrome-free leather from UV and heat damage. Therefore, a systematic study was performed to formulate the relationship between these three environmental variables and resultant colorfastness and mechanical properties. A second order regression equation was derived to plot response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the environmental variables and colorfastness, as well as the resultant physical properties. Observations showed an intriguing interaction between humidity and radiation dosage. Measurements revealed that an increase in humidity resulted in a decrease in colorfastness and mechanical strength. However, after the UV radiation dosage reaches a certain level, an increase in humidity may actually help maintain both properties. Observation showed the stiffness decreased steadily with humidity, whereas the toughness index slightly increased with humidity. This study also used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the denaturation temperature as a function of various environmental conditions. We observed a correlation between colorfastness and the denaturation temperature. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 101 IS 10 BP 368 EP 375 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 098TK UT WOS:000241545500004 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, Gerhard TI Analyzing biodiesel: Standards and other methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE biodiesel; biodiesel blends; diesel fuel; fuel properties; gas chromatography; infrared spectroscopy; liquid chromatography; near infrared spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; standards ID OIL METHYL-ESTERS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSESTERIFIED VEGETABLE-OILS; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIESEL FUEL; FREE GLYCEROL; RAPESEED OIL; SOYBEAN OIL AB Biodiesel occupies a prominent position among the alternatives to conventional petrodiesel fuel owing to various technical and economic factors. It is obtained by reacting the parent vegetable oil or fat with an alcohol (transesterification) in the presence of a catalyst to give the corresponding monoalkyl esters, which are defined as biodiesel. Because of the nature of the starting material, the production process, and subsequent handling, various factors can influence biodiesel fuel quality. Fuel quality issues are commonly reflected in the contaminants or other minor components of biodiesel. This work categorizes both the restricted species in biodiesel and the physical properties prescribed by the standards, and details the standard reference methods to determine them as well as other procedures. Other aspects of biodiesel analysis, including production monitoring and assessing biodiesel/petrodiesel blends, are also addressed. The types of analyses include chromatographic, spectroscopic, physical properties-based, and wet chemical methods. The justifications for specifications in standards are also addressed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 62 TC 320 Z9 330 U1 5 U2 81 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 10 BP 823 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5033-y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 095ES UT WOS:000241291600001 ER PT J AU Eisenmenger, M Dunford, NT Eller, F Taylor, S Martinez, J AF Eisenmenger, Michael Dunford, Nurhan T. Eller, Fred Taylor, Scott Martinez, Jose TI Pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of wheat germ oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fractionation; free fatty acid; oil refining; supercritical carbon dioxide; wheat germ oil ID RICE BRAN OIL; CO2 AB There is a need for the development of new processing techniques to facilitate vegetable oil extraction and refining while sustaining the nutritional components naturally present in edible oils and reducing the adverse impact of oil processing on the environment. In this study supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and fractionation techniques were examined as alternative methods to obtain wheat germ oil (WGO) of high quality and purity. it was shown that the SC-CO2 extraction technique is effective in extraction of WGO. There was no significant difference in the FA composition of SC-CO2 and hexane-extracted WGO. Both hexane- and SC-CO2-extracted WGO were rich in alpha-tocopherol. Moisture content of the SC-CO2-extracted oil was higher than that of the hexane-extracted oil. Solvent/feed ratio had a significant effect on the SC-CO2 extraction yields. This study demonstrated that supercritical fluid fractionation was a viable process to remove FFA efficiently from both hexane- and SC-CO2-extracted WGO while retaining bioactive oil components in the final product. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. Thar Technol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Dunford, NT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Room 103, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Nurhan.Dunford@okstate.edu NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 10 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5038-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 095ES UT WOS:000241291600006 ER PT J AU Harmel, D Potter, S Casebolt, P Reckhow, K Green, C Haney, R AF Harmel, Daren Potter, Steve Casebolt, Pamela Reckhow, Ken Green, Colleen Haney, Rick TI Compilation of measured nutrient load data for agricultural land uses in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE databases; nitrogen; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; water quality ID MISSOURI VALLEY LOESS; SURFACE RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; BROILER LITTER; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; CHEMICAL MOVEMENT; NITRATE LOSS; NITROGEN; SOIL AB Measured field scale data are increasingly used to guide policy and management decisions based on comparative pollutant load information from various land management alternatives. The primary objective of this study was to compile measured annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) load data representing field scale transport from agricultural land uses. This effort expanded previous work that established an initial nutrient export coefficient dataset. Only measured annual N and P load data published in scientific peer-reviewed studies were included in the present compilation. Additional criteria for inclusion were: spatial scale (field scale or farm scale, minimum 0.009 ha); land use (homogeneous, either cultivated agriculture or pasture/rangeland/hay); natural rainfall (not rainfall simulation); and temporal scale (minimum one year). Annual N and P load data were obtained from 40 publications, resulting in a 163-record database with more than 1,100 watershed years of data. Basic descriptive statistics in relation to N and P loads were tabulated for tillage management, conservation practices, fertilizer application, soil texture, watershed size, and land use (crop type). The resulting Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments (MANAGE) database provides readily accessible, easily queried watershed characteristic and nutrient load data and establishes a platform suitable for input of additional project specific data. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Harmel, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1178 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb05604.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 103TJ UT WOS:000241909300002 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Schneider, JM Van Liew, MW AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Schneider, Jeanne M. Van Liew, Michael W. TI Monthly runoff predictions based on rainfall forecasts in a small Oklahoma watershed SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE runoff; streamflow; surface water; forecast; rainfall-runoff models; rainfall ID CLIMATE PREDICTIONS; SWAT MODEL; DAILY PRECIPITATION; SEASONAL FORECASTS; SOLAR-RADIATION; RIVER-BASIN; MANAGEMENT; STREAMFLOW; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION AB Conditions under which monthly rainfall forecasts translate into monthly runoff predictions that could support water resources planning and management activities were investigated on a small watershed in central Oklahoma. Runoff response to rainfall forecasts was simulated using the hydrologic model SWAT. Eighteen scenarios were examined that represented combinations of wet, average, and dry antecedent rainfall conditions, with wet, normal, and dry forecasted rainfall. Results suggest that for the climatic and physiographic conditions under consideration, rainfall forecasts could offer potential application opportunities in surface water resources but only under certain conditions. Pronounced wet and dry antecedent rainfall conditions were shown to have greater impact on runoff than forecasts, particularly in the first month of a forecast period. Large forecast impacts on runoff occurred under wet antecedent conditions, then the fraction of forecasted rainfall contributing to runoff was greatest. Under dry antecedent conditions, most of the forecasted rainfall was absorbed in the soil profile, with little immediate runoff response. Persistent three-month forecasts produced stronger impacts on runoff than one-month forecasts due to cumulative effects in the hydrologic system. Runoff response to antecedent conditions and forecasts suggest a highly asymmetric utility function for rainfall forecasts, with greatest decision-support potential for persistent wet forecasts under wet antecedent conditions when the forecast signal is least dampened by soil-storage effects. Under average and dry antecedent conditions, rainfall forecasts showed little potential value for practical applications in surface water resources assessments. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Oklahoma City, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, Oklahoma City, OK 73036 USA. EM garbrech@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1295 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb05613.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 103TJ UT WOS:000241909300011 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL Zack, RS Camelo, L AF Landolt, Peter J. Smithhisler, Constance L. Zack, Richard S. Camelo, Leonardo TI Attraction of Heliothis belladonna (Henry and Edwards) to the sex pheromone of the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis belladonna; Helicoverpa zea; corn earworm; monitoring; pheromone; trap; attractant ID CHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION AB Several males of Heliothis belladonna (Henry and Edwards) were initially captured in traps baited with commercial pheromone lures for the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Significant numbers of H. belladonna moths were subsequently captured in traps baited with a 4-component blend of corn earworm pheromone composed of Z-11-hexadecenal, Z-9-hexadecenal, Z-7-hexadecenal, and hexadecenal, and with a 2-component blend composed of Z-9-hexadecenal and Z-11-hexadecenal. Males of H. belladonna were not captured in traps baited with Z-II-hexadecenal alone. Heliothis belladonna were captured in traps during March, April, and early May in eastern Washington, which is before monitoring of corn earworm by growers normally begins, and before the corn earworm flight is anticipated. Therefore, the capture of this non-target species is unlikely to be a problem for the monitoring of corn earworm moths. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 79 IS 4 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.2317/0506.06.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 108GS UT WOS:000242228900001 ER PT J AU Garvin, DF Welch, RM Finley, JW AF Garvin, David F. Welch, Ross M. Finley, John W. TI Historical shifts in the seed mineral micronutrient concentration of US hard red winter wheat germplasm SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE wheat; micronutrient; variation; genetics; iron; zinc; copper; selenium; nutrition; breeding ID SELENIUM; GRAIN; ZINC; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION; PROTEIN; HUMANS; COPPER; PLANTS; FOODS AB The yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) has greatly improved through breeding, but it is not known how this has affected seed micronutrient content. In the present study, the iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) content of seed of 14 US hard red winter wheat varieties from production eras spanning more than a century was measured. The seed that was analyzed was obtained from a replicated field trial conducted at two locations in Kansas. The Fe, Zn, and Cu content was obtained by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICPES) and Se content was obtained by hydride-generated atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Significant effects of location on micronutrient content of seed were observed. Similarly, depending on the micronutrient, significant differences in seed micronutrient content between varieties were detected at one or both locations. A significant negative regression of seed Zn content on both yield and variety release date was observed at both locations, while seed Fe content exhibited a significant negative regression on yield and variety release date at one location. Regression of seed Se content on variety release date was significant and negative at one location. These results suggest that genetic gains in the yield of US hard red winter wheat have tended to reduce seed Fe, Zn, and Se concentrations. However, the extent to which this effect manifests itself is influenced by environmental effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Garvin, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM garvi007@umn.edu NR 27 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 86 IS 13 BP 2213 EP 2220 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2601 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 093XI UT WOS:000241203200032 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Bowlin, WR Griswold, TL AF Tepedino, V. J. Bowlin, W. R. Griswold, T. L. TI Pollination biology of the endangered Blowout penstemon (Penstemon haydenii S. Wats.: Scrophulariaceae) in Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conservation; flower-visitors; native bees; Nebraska sandhills; Penstemon; pollination; rare plant ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POLLEN; HUMMINGBIRD; PRAIRIE; PSEUDOSPECTABILIS; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY; SYSTEMS AB We studied the breeding system and pollinators of Nebraska populations of the endangered plant Blowout penstemon, Penstemon haydenii. This species appears to be one of the few known self-incompatible species of Penstemon: few self-pollinated flowers set fruit and few of these produced seeds. We found no indication that sexual reproduction was limited by inadequate pollination or resources. Pollinators were several species of native bees which varied from population to population and from year to year; there did not appear to be a consistent P. haydenii pollinator fauna. Flowers were pollinated mainly by large apid bees in the genera Habropoda and Bombus, by (mostly) smaller halictid bees, and by intermediate sized megachilid bees, particularly in the genus Osmia. One frequent flower-visitor, the presumed Penstemon specialist, Hoplitis pilosifrons (Megachilidae), may be more of a pollen-parasite than a pollinator because it commonly collected pollen into the scopa but carried very little pollen on other body parts. Management plans for conservation of Penstemon haydenii need to recognize its need for pollinators, and that the health of pollinator populations may be site-specific. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM andrena@biology.usu.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 10 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 EI 1940-0616 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 133 IS 4 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[548:PBOTEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 140LC UT WOS:000244505600006 ER PT J AU Smolnik, M Hessl, A Colbert, JJ AF Smolnik, Matthew Hessl, Amy Colbert, J. J. TI Species-specific effects of a 1994 ice storm on radial tree growth in Delaware SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; disturbance; ice storms; tree rings ID MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; VALLEY REGION; DROUGHT; DAMAGE; SUCCESSION; RESPONSES; MISSOURI; IMPACTS; RIDGE AB storms are recurrent disturbances that alter forest succession and forest structure throughout North America. However, long-term effects of ice storms on tree growth are largely unknown. Following a 1994 ice storm in Delaware, the Delaware Forest Service established seventy-five study plots to sample four species of trees (southern red oak [Quercus falcata Michx.], white oak [Quercus alba L.], loblolly pine [Pinus taeda L.], and yellow poplar [Liriodendron tulipifera L.]) affected by the ice storm. The objective of this study is to identify multi-year species-specific responses to the 1994 Delaware ice storm using tree ring data collected statewide four years following the disturbance. A ground Survey classified affected trees into damage class categories based on the percentage of crown limbs broken. Dendrochronology was used to identify the radial response of the four species studied across four damage classes (control, light damage, moderate damage, and severe damage). Yellow poplar was most susceptible to ice storm damage followed by loblolly pine. red oak. and white oak. In general, severely damaged trees experienced the greatest reduction in annual radial growth. Yellow poplar had the fastest recovery rate following the storm, followed by white oak, red oak, and loblolly pine. The results of this study suggest that species have differential growth responses to ice storms that is in part attributable to the species' ability to produce epicormic branches. C1 James City Cty Planning Div, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hessl, A (reprint author), James City Cty Planning Div, 101 Mounts Bay Rd, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM Amy.Hessl@mail.wvu.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 133 IS 4 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[577:SEOAIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 140LC UT WOS:000244505600009 ER PT J AU Gould, WA Gonzalez, G Carrero, RG AF Gould, W. A. Gonzalez, G. Carrero, Rivera G. TI Structure and composition of vegetation along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE detrended correspondence analysis; exotics; gradient analysis; land management; native species; phytosociology; Puerto Rico ID LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; TROPICAL FOREST; SUCCESSION AB Question: What are the composition, conservation status, and structural and environmental characteristics of eight mature tropical forest plant communities that occur along an elevational gradient. Location: Northeastern Puerto Rico. Methods: We quantified the species composition, diversity, conservation status, and ecological attributes of eight mature tropical forest plant communities in replicated plots located to sample representative components of important forest types occurring along an elevational gradient. A suite of environmental and vegetation characteristics were sampled at each plot and summarized to characterize communities and analyse trends along the elevational gradient. Results: The set of communities included 374 species; 92% were native, 14% endemic, and 4% critical elements (locally endangered) to the island. All communities, occurring within a wide range of patch sizes and degree of conservation protection, showed a high percentage of native species (> 89% per plot). The lowland moist forest communities, occurring within a matrix of urbanization, agriculture, and disturbance, had the highest degree of invasion by exotics. Community descriptions were nested within a variety of hierarchies to facilitate extrapolation of community characteristics to larger ecosystem units. Basal area, above-ground biomass, canopy heights, and mean species richness peaked at mid elevations. Conclusions: It is significant that all of these forest communities continue to be dominated by native species while existing in a matrix of human and natural disturbance, species invasion, and forest regeneration from widespread agriculture. The lowland moist and dry forest types represent a minority of the protected forested areas in Puerto Rico, serve as unique genetic reservoirs, and should be protected. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Gould, WA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM wgould@fs.fed.us OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI GRANGARDE PA GAMLA VAGEN 40, S-770 13 GRANGARDE, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02489.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 111VM UT WOS:000242483400012 ER PT J AU Vikoren, T Li, H Lillehaug, A Jonassen, CM Bockerman, I Handeland, K AF Vikoren, Turid Li, Hong Lillehaug, Atle Jonassen, Christine Monceyron Bockerman, Inger Handeland, Kjell TI Malignant catarrhal fever in free-ranging cervids associated with OVHV-2 and CPHV-2 DNA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cervids; CpHN7-2; malignant catarrhal fever; moose; OvHV-2; red deer; roe deer ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS GROUP; SIKA-DEER; RED DEER; SHEEP; RUMINANTS; ANTIBODY; PCR; PREVALENCE AB Pathologic lesions were summarized in 18 free-ranging cervids (15 moose [Alces alces], two roe deer [Capreolus capreolus], and one red deer [Cervus elaphus]) diagnosed with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) after examination at the National Veterinary Institute, Oslo 1982-2005. Eye lesions (conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, fibrin clots in the anterior eye chamber) were the most frequent gross finding. Erosive-ulcerative mucosal lesions in the nose and mouth were also commonly found. Histopathology revealed a nonpurulent vasculitis and perivasculitis in the central nervous system (CNS) typical of MCF in 16 of the cases. The diagnosis in the remaining two animals was based upon histologic eve lesions consistent with MCF (CNS not available for examination). Polymerase chain reaction was run on samples from 15 individuals for evidence of MCF-virus DNA, and ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) DNA was detected in five moose, one roe deer, and one red deer, and caprine herpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) DNA was detected in two moose and one roe deer. Sera from 1,000 free-ranging cervids were tested for specific antibodies to MCF-associated viruses (MCFV) by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalences were: red deer 5%, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) 4%, roe deer 2%, and moose 0.4% (n=250 for all four species). The results indicate that sheep and goat MCFV may cause serious disease in wild moose, roe deer, and red deer. The seropositive cervids most likely represent individuals infected with either OvHV-2 or CpHV-2, but may also reflect infections with other related MCFV. C1 Natl Vet Inst, Sect Wildlife Dis, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Vet Inst, Sect Virol & Serol, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Natl Vet Inst, Sect Immunoprophylaxis, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Vikoren, T (reprint author), Natl Vet Inst, Sect Wildlife Dis, POB 8156 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. EM turid.vikoren@vetinst.no NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 797 EP 807 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 132QA UT WOS:000243956100010 PM 17255446 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Whipple, DL AF Palmer, Mitchell V. Whipple, Diana L. TI Survival of Mycobacterium bovis on feedstuffs commonly used as supplemental feed for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE feedstuffs; Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; survivability; tuberculosis; white-tailed deer ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; MICHIGAN; TUBERCULOSIS AB Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has become established in free-ranging white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in northeastern Michigan. The practice of supplemental feeding of white-tailed deer during the winter is believed to contribute to transmission of M. bovis between deer. The current study was conducted to determine the ability of M. bovis to survive on various feedstuffs commonly used as supplemental feed for deer in northeast Michigan (i.e., apples, corn, carrots, sugar beets, potatoes, and hay) and the effect of maintenance at -20 C, 8 C, and 23 C on survival. Mycobacterium bovis survived on all feedstuffs at all temperatures tested for at least 7 days. At 23 C, M. bovis could still be isolated from samples of apples, corn and potatoes at 112 days. This study suggests that contamination of feedstuffs by M. bovis-infected deer could act as a source of indirect transmission between deer because M. bovis is able to survive in temperatures similar to those recorded during winter months in northeastern Michigan. Current efforts to ban or control supplemental feeding of deer should have a positive effect on decreasing transmission of M. bovis among deer. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 132QA UT WOS:000243956100019 PM 17255455 ER PT J AU Johansson, EE Elder, TJ Ragauskas, AJ AF Johansson, E. E. Elder, T. J. Ragauskas, A. J. TI Tailoring the wet strength of linerboard via dielectric barrier discharge SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE linerboard softwood kraft pulp; dielectric barrier discharge; wet-strength; AFM ID KRAFT PULPS; PAPER STRENGTH; FIBERS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; OXIDATION; SURFACES; LACCASE; AFM AB Atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharge treatments were shown to be a facile and direct means of enhancing the wet-strength tensile properties of softwood kraft linerboard furnish. The improvements in wet-tensile strength were shown to vary between 10 - 190% depending on the charge of cold plasma applied. These benefits were accompanied with a minor increase in dry tensile strength and slight decrease dry tear strength and negligible changes in creep properties. AFM analysis of the treated sheets demonstrated that this treatment results in surface smoothing of the fibers. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1080/02773810601076550 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 116JS UT WOS:000242799400001 ER PT J AU Kyle, GT Absher, JD Hammitt, WE Cavin, J AF Kyle, Gerard T. Absher, James D. Hammitt, William E. Cavin, Jenny TI An examination of the motivation - Involvement relationship SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE enduring involvement; motivation; ROS continuum ID PSYCHOLOGICAL COMMITMENT; LEISURE INVOLVEMENT; RECREATION EXPERIENCES; OUTDOOR RECREATION; FIT INDEXES; PARTICIPATION; LOYALTY; MODEL; SPECIALIZATION; JUDGMENTS AB In this investigation, the relationship between motivation and enduring involvement was explored using a sample of campers drawn from three distinct campsites in a southeastern national forest, USA. The campsites varied along the ROS continuum from developed to wilderness. Using multidimensional conceptualizations of both constructs, a model was tested where the dimensions of motivation were modeled to positively influence the dimensions of enduring involvement. Although not all paths were statistically significant, the effect of motivation on enduring involvement was positive. No variation in the sign or strength of the path coefficients was observed across the three sites. These findings provide empirical support for the contention that motivation is an antecedent of enduring involvement. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, Clemson, SC USA. RP Kyle, GT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Management, 2261 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gerard@tamu.edu OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020 NR 64 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 28 IS 5 BP 467 EP 485 DI 10.1080/01490400600851320 PG 19 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 078GM UT WOS:000240090500008 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Bishop, C Stormshak, F AF Burke, J. M. Bishop, C. Stormshak, F. TI Reproductive characteristics of endophyte-infected or novel tall fescue fed ewes SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corpus luteum; fescue toxicosis; prostaglandin; sheep ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MENHADEN FISH-MEAL; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; HEAT-STRESS; MILK-YIELD; BEEF-COWS AB Reduced pregnancy rates often occur in ruminants grazing endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue. The objectives were to characterize basal and oxytocin-induced PGF(2 alpha) concentrations in serum and reproductive function in ewes fed tall fescue seed and to determine whether addition of fish meal (FM) to a diet of El fescue would alter PGF(2 alpha) production. Ewes were fed a diet with novel or non-toxic endophyte-infected (NE) or El tall fescue seed containing either corn gluten meal (CG) or FM. Serum concentrations of prolactin, a measure of severity of fescue toxins, were reduced in ewes fed El compared with NE forage seed (forage x day, P < 0.02) and were greater in NEFM than NECG-fed ewes (P < 0.03). Size and number of corpora lutea (CL), determined by trans-rectal ultrasonography, were similar between diets (P > 0.10). Serum concentrations of progesterone were reduced in ewes with two CL fed El compared with NE seed (forage x CL number x day, P < 0.001). Oxytocin-induced PGFM concentrations during the luteal phase were determined as a measure of uterine function. On the day of oxytocin administration, peak plasma concentrations of PGFM were reduced in EI compared with NE-fed ewes (forage x time, P < 0.003), but FM did not influence PGFM concentrations. Estrous cycle length was more variable in EI than NE-fed ewes. There appears to be some asynchrony between NE and EI-fed ewes leading to changes in uterine responsiveness to oxytocin. Inclusion of FM did not alter uterine responsiveness to oxytocin. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Bishop, Cecily/G-5964-2016 OI Bishop, Cecily/0000-0002-0179-598X NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.011 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 097TQ UT WOS:000241472200011 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK AF Sharma, Vijay K. TI Real-time reverse transcription-multiplex PCR for simultaneous and specific detection of rfbE and eae genes of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE real-time reverse transcription multiplex PCR; rfbE; eae; EHEC O157 : H7 ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; ASSAY; FECES; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; DIARRHEA AB A real-time reverse transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (rRT-MPCR) was developed for detection of mRNA encoded by rfbE and eae genes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7. A 129-bp and a 106-bp sequence specific to rJbE and eae, respectively, were targeted for reverse transcription, amplification, and real-time detection. A single-step RT-PCR kit containing a mixture of reverse transcriptases converted mRNA into cDNA, which was subsequently amplified by Taq polymerase included in the same kit. The real-time detection of amplification products was achieved by incorporating rJbE(O157)- and eae(O157:H7)-specific TaqMan probes in rRT-MPCR. The ability of two sets of primers and probes for specific detection of rJbE(O157) and eae(O157:H7) was initially verified by screening RNA of eight E coli serotypes possessing different antigens and eae alleles. These two sets of primers and probes were also tested in a standard real-time PCR (rPCR) using DNA prepared from several E coli and non-E coli strains to verify that only Yb-EO157- and eaeo 157: 1-17- specific sequences were amplified and detected. The rRT-MPCR was then evaluated for detecting low-level contamination of EHECO157:H7 in feces. When RNA prepared from bovine feces, which were artificially seeded with EHECO157:H7 cells and cultured for five hours, was tested in rRT-MPCR as low as I cfu/g of feces could be detected. The detection range for the two genes in fecal cultures was 5.1 x 10(-1)-5.1 x 10(4) cfu/g of feces. Thus, the described procedure could be applied to rapid detection of very low levels of EHECO157:H7 using total RNA as a template. Since the presence of rJbE(O157)- and eae(O15TH7)-specific mRNA is dependent on replicating cells, rRT-MPCR could provide important information about the viability of EHECO15TH7 in feces. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vsharma@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.03.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 075PI UT WOS:000239897300005 PM 16644181 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK AF Fagerquist, C. K. TI Distinguishing closely related strains of Campylobacter jejuni by on-target digestion of cell lysate proteins analyzed by MALDI-MS/MS and database searching SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 555 BP S139 EP S139 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506400316 ER PT J AU Arroyo-Garcia, R Ruiz-Garcia, L Bolling, L Ocete, R Lopez, MA Arnold, C Ergul, A Soylemezoglu, G Uzun, HI Cabello, F Ibanez, J Aradhya, MK Atanassov, A Atanassov, I Balint, S Cenis, JL Costantini, L Goris-Lavets, S Grando, MS Klein, BY McGovern, PE Merdinoglu, D Pejic, I Pelsy, F Primikirios, N Risovannaya, V Roubelakis-Angelakis, KA Snoussi, H Sotiri, P Tamhankar, S This, P Troshin, L Malpica, JM Lefort, F Martinez-Zapater, JM AF Arroyo-Garcia, R. Ruiz-Garcia, L. Bolling, L. Ocete, R. Lopez, M. A. Arnold, C. Ergul, A. Soylemezoglu, G. Uzun, H. I. Cabello, F. Ibanez, J. Aradhya, M. K. Atanassov, A. Atanassov, I. Balint, S. Cenis, J. L. Costantini, L. Goris-Lavets, S. Grando, M. S. Klein, B. Y. McGovern, P. E. Merdinoglu, D. Pejic, I. Pelsy, F. Primikirios, N. Risovannaya, V. Roubelakis-Angelakis, K. A. Snoussi, H. Sotiri, P. Tamhankar, S. This, P. Troshin, L. Malpica, J. M. Lefort, F. Martinez-Zapater, J. M. TI Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplasts diversity; crop origins; domestication centres; domestication; genetic variation; grapevine ID GENETIC-DISTANCE; MICROSATELLITES; DIFFERENTIATION; WINE; EVOLUTION; GENOMES; REGIONS AB The domestication of the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in Transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. Whether from Transcaucasia or the nearby Taurus or Zagros Mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwards around the Mediterranean basin, together with the transplantation of cultivated grape cuttings. However, the existence of morphological differentiation between cultivars from eastern and western ends of the modern distribution of the Eurasian grape suggests the existence of different genetic contribution from local sylvestris populations or multilocal selection and domestication of sylvestris genotypes. To tackle this issue, we analysed chlorotype variation and distribution in 1201 samples of sylvestris and sativa genotypes from the whole area of the species' distribution and studied their genetic relationships. The results suggest the existence of at least two important origins for the cultivated germplasm, one in the Near East and another in the western Mediterranean region, the latter of which gave rise to many of the current Western European cultivars. Indeed, over 70% of the Iberian Peninsula cultivars display chlorotypes that are only compatible with their having derived from western sylvestris populations. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet Mol Plantas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. INIA, Dept Biotecnol, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fisiol & Zool, E-41012 Seville, Spain. Univ Neuchatel, Natl Ctr Competence Res Plant Survival, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Ankara Univ, Inst Biotechnol, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. Akdeniz Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Antalya, Turkey. IMIDRA, Finca El Encin, Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. AgroBiolInst, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. IMIDA, Murcia 30150, Spain. Inst Agrario S Michele Adige, I-38010 Trento, Italy. Inst Vine & Wine Magarach, UA-98600 Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine. Hebrew Univ Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Penn Museum, MASCA, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. ULP, INRA, UMR 1131, F-68021 Colmar, France. Univ Zagreb, Dept Plant Breeding Genet & Biometr, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Iraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Inst Natl Rech Agron Tunisie, Biotechnol Lab, Ariana, Tunisia. Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Tirana, Albania. Agharkar Res Inst, Dept Sci & Technol, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India. INRA, ENSAM, UMR DGPC Genet Vigne, F-34060 Montpellier, France. Kuban State Agrarian Univ, Dept Viticulture, Krasnodar 350044, Russia. Univ Appl Sci Western Switzerland, Sch Engn Lullier, Lab Appl Genet, CH-1254 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Martinez-Zapater, JM (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet Mol Plantas, C-Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM zapater@cnb.uam.es RI Martinez Zapater, Jose /I-4892-2012; Ergul, Ali/O-4060-2014; Cabello, Felix/C-7398-2015; Grando, Maria Stella/D-5448-2011; Ibanez, Javier/B-4094-2010; Lopez Martinez, M Angeles/K-3193-2014 OI Arroyo-Garcia, R/0000-0002-0597-1282; Martinez Zapater, Jose /0000-0001-7217-4454; Ergul, Ali/0000-0002-1205-268X; Grando, Maria Stella/0000-0002-6889-1968; Ibanez, Javier/0000-0002-6286-5638; Ocete Rubio, Rafael/0000-0003-3289-4224; Lopez Martinez, M Angeles/0000-0001-7475-2553 NR 41 TC 194 Z9 202 U1 8 U2 74 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3707 EP 3714 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03049.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 093GX UT WOS:000241157400017 PM 17032268 ER PT J AU Wosten, MMSM Parker, CT van Mourik, A Guilhabert, MR van Dijk, L van Putten, JPM AF Wosten, Marc M. S. M. Parker, Craig T. van Mourik, Andries Guilhabert, Magalie R. van Dijk, Linda van Putten, Jos P. M. TI The Campylobacter jejuni PhosS/PhosR operon represents a non-classical phosphate-sensitive two-component system SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; COLONIZATION; PATHOGEN; GROWTH; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ADAPTATION AB The bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni carries several putative two-component signal transduction systems of unknown function. Here we report that the PhosS (Cj0889) and PhosR (Cj0890) proteins constitute a two-component system that is activated by phosphate limitation. Microarray analysis, real-time RT-PCR, and primer extension experiments indicated that this system regulates 12 genes (including the pstSCAB genes) present in three transcriptional units. Gel shift assays confirmed that recombinant PhosR protein bound DNA fragments containing the promoter regions upstream of these three transcriptional units. Although functionally similar, the PhosS/PhosR does not exhibit sequence homology with the classical PhoBR systems, has a different pho box (5'-GTTTCNAAAANGTTTC-3') recognized by the C. jejuni response regulator, and is not autoregulated. Because of these atypical properties, we designated the Cj0889-Cj0890 operon as the C. jejuni PhosS/PhosR system (phosphate sensor/phosphate response regulator) and the phosphate-regulated genes as the pho regulon of C. jejuni. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wosten, MMSM (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Yalelaan 1, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. EM m.wosten@vet.uu.nl OI van Putten, Jos/0000-0002-4126-8172; Wosten, Marc/0000-0002-7464-7232 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 62 IS 1 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05372.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 083FB UT WOS:000240440700022 PM 16956379 ER PT J AU Shapiro, LH Strazanac, JS Roderick, GK AF Shapiro, L. H. Strazanac, J. S. Roderick, G. K. TI Molecular phylogeny of Banza (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae), the endemic katydids of the Hawaiian Archipelago SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Banza; Copiphorinae; Tettigoniidae; Hawaii ID BAYESIAN POSTERIOR PROBABILITIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BOOTSTRAP; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; RELIABILITY; AGES AB The extant endemic katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of the Hawaiian Archipelago include one to three species per high island and a single species on Nihoa, all currently placed in the genus Banza. These acoustic insects provide an excellent opportunity for investigating the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation, but such studies require an understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the group. We use maximum parsimony, likelihood-based Bayesian inference, and maximum likelihood to infer phylogenetic relationships among these taxa, based on similar to 2 kb of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b. Our results strongly support two distinct high island clades: one clade ("Clade I") composed of species from Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai and another clade ("Clade II") composed of species from Maui and Hawaii (Banza unica, from Oahu, may be basal to both these clades, but its placement is not well resolved). Within these clades, some inferred relationships are strongly supported, such as the sister status of B. kauaiensis (Kauai) and B. parvula (Oahu) within Clade 1, but other relationships remain more ambiguous, such as the relative position of B. brunnea (Maui) within Clade II. Although a detailed reconstruction of the historical biogeography of the Hawaiian katydids is difficult, we use our genetic data combined with the known geological history of the Hawaiian Islands to set limits on plausible historical scenarios for diversification of this group. Beyond these historical biogeographic inferences, our results indicate possible cryptic speciation on both Oahu and Hawaii, as well as what may be unusually high average rates of nucleotide substitution. The present work sets the stage for future genetic and experimental investigations of this group. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Shapiro, LH (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 005,Rm 137,BARC-W 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lshapiro@umd.edu NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 091WD UT WOS:000241058100005 PM 16781170 ER PT J AU Malkus, A Chang, PFL Zuzga, SM Chung, KR Shao, J Cunfer, BM Arseniuk, E Ueng, PP AF Malkus, Arkadiusz Chang, Pi-Fang Linda Zuzga, Sabina M. Chung, Kuang-ren Shao, Jonathan Cunfer, Barry M. Arseniuk, Edward Ueng, Peter P. TI RNA polyrnerase II gene (RPB2) encoding the second largest protein subunit in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and P-avenaria SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cochliobolus heterostrophus; enzymes; plant pathology; Stagnospora nodorum; Stagnospora leaf blotch ID SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS; MATING-TYPE GENES; POLYMERASE-II; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SEPTORIA DISEASES; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; BETA-TUBULIN; EVOLUTION; STAGONOSPORA; FUNGUS AB A 5586 bp sequence (accession no. DQ278491), which includes the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) encoding the second largest protein subunit (RPB2), was obtained from the wheat biotype Phaeosphaeria nodorum (PN-w) by PCR amplification. The 3841 bp full length RPB2 gene contains two exons and a 52 bp intron, and encodes a complete 1262 amino acid protein. Similar to the C-terminals of the beta subunits of prokaryotes and yeast RNA polymerases, the deduced RPB2 protein contained many structural features needed for gene transcription. Based on the phylogenetic analysis with the deduced RPB2 polypeptide sequences, the PN-w was closely related to the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Size differences were found in the full length RPB2 gene of cereal Phaeosphaeria species, mainly due to differences in intron size. No nucleotide substitutions were found in homothallic P. avenaria f.sp. triticea (Pat1) and barley biotype P. nodorum (PN-b) isolates used in this study. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the RPB2 gene in Pat1 were closely related to that in PN-w. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Ueng, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004,Rm 118, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM uengp@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 110 BP 1152 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.07.015 PN 10 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 111CN UT WOS:000242428700003 PM 17020806 ER PT J AU Weishampel, PA Bedford, BL AF Weishampel, Peter A. Bedford, Barbara L. TI Wetland dicots and monocots differ in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE wetlands; calcareous fens; arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization; dark septate fungi; plant diversity ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; PLANT DIVERSITY; PRAIRIE; GROWTH; DETERMINES; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; ALBERTA; SEDGES AB As an initial step towards evaluating whether mycorrhizas influence composition and diversity in calcareous fen plant communities, we surveyed root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) in 67 plant species in three different fens in central New York State (USA). We found colonization by AMF and DSE in most plant species at all three sites, with the type and extent of colonization differing between monocots and dicots. On average, AMF colonization was higher in dicots (58 +/- 3%, mean +/- SE) than in monocots (13 +/- 4%) but DSE colonization followed the opposite trend (24 +/- 3% in monocots and 9 +/- 1% in dicots). In sedges and cattails, two monocot families that are often abundant in fens and other wetlands, AMF colonization was usually very low (< 10%) in five species and completely absent in seven others. However, DSE colonization in these species was frequently observed. Responses of wetland plants to AMF and DSE are poorly understood, but in the fen communities surveyed, dicots appear to be in a better position to respond to AMF than many of these more abundant monocots (e.g., sedges and cattails). In contrast, these monocots may be more likely to respond to DSE. Future work directed towards understanding the response of these wetland plants to AMF and DSE should provide insight into the roles these fungal symbionts play in influencing diversity in fen plant communities. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55743 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Weishampel, PA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55743 USA. EM weish004@umn.edu NR 41 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1007/s00572-006-0064-7 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 082IC UT WOS:000240378900006 PM 16896797 ER PT J AU Cline, ET Rossman, AY AF Cline, Erica T. Rossman, Amy Y. TI Septoria malagutii sp nov., cause of annular leaf spot of potato SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE plant pathogen; plant quarantine; systematics; translation elongation factor; internal transcribed spacer ID SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR; DNA AB The fungus causing annular leaf spot of potato, reported only from South America, poses a risk as a potentially invasive species due to its ability to flourish in the cooler temperatures typical of potato-producing regions in Europe and North America. Initially described as "Septoria lycopersici var. malagutii" the variety is not validly published as required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature because no type specimen was specifically designated. Specimens of S. lycopersici var. lycopersici and S. lycopersici "var. malagutii" were examined and their rRNA ITS regions and (TEF)-1 alpha genes were sequenced. The 'var. malagutii' conidia were significantly longer and narrower with the conidiogenous cells significantly shorter and narrower than the "var. lycopersici" cells. Although the sequences were similar - ITS at 99.6% and TEF-1 alpha at 99.2% - the "var. lycopersici" ITS was more similar to several other Septoria species than to its "var. malagutii" counterpart, suggesting that the latter should recognized as a new species: Septoria malagutii. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cline, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ecline@u.washington.edu; amy@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 153GM UT WOS:000245420200004 ER PT J AU Rehner, SA De Muro, MA Bischoff, JF AF Rehner, Stephen A. De Muro, Marilena Aquino Bischoff, Joseph F. TI Description and phylogenetic placement of Beauveria malawiensis sp nov (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Cordyceps; fungal entomopathogen; new species; taxonomy ID EVOLUTION; FUNGI AB A new entomopathogenic species, Beauveria malawiensis, is described. Beauveria malawiensis was isolated from a cadaver of Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) collected in Zomba, Malawi. Morphologically, B. malawiensis is distinguished by its pink colony color, the terminal and intercalary clusters of inflated conidiophores that each gives rise to multiple rachiform conidiogenous cells, and holoblastic cylindrical conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor-1 alpha sequences place B. malawiensis apart from other species in the genus that also produce cylindrical conidia, supporting its proposed species status. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CABI Biosci, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rehners@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 98 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 153GM UT WOS:000245420200005 ER PT J AU Beecham, RV Small, BC Minchew, CD AF Venn Beecham, Rachel Small, Brian C. Minchew, C. Douglas TI Using portable lactate and glucose meters for catfish research: Acceptable alternatives to established laboratory methods? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GLUCOMETERS; ANALYZER AB Simple and portable methods for assessing the physiological state of channel catfish letalurus punctatus would be valuable tools in field situations where problems with blood storage and transportation occur. This study compared the use of handheld lactate and glucose meters with established laboratory methods in stressed (fatigued) and unstressed (control) channel catfish fingerlings. The results obtained from the Accutrend (Roche Diagnostics Corp.) lactate meter and the Accu-Chek Advantage (Roche Diagnostics) glucose meter were consistently lower (P < 0.05) than those obtained with the laboratory reference method. However, significant differences (P < 0.0001) were found between the control and fatigued fish for both lactate and glucose, regardless of the method of analysis. Both handheld meters were found to be reliable and suitable for use in field or laboratory situations where relative measurements are acceptable. The costs associated with using the handheld meters were higher than those associated with accepted laboratory methods; however, the initial capital investment was lower for the handheld meters. Ease of use, portability, and rapidity of sample analysis make the handheld meters attractive alternatives to traditional laboratory methods. C1 Mississippi Valley State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Itta Bena, MS 38941 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Beecham, RV (reprint author), Mississippi Valley State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Post Off Box 7254,14000 Highway 82 W, Itta Bena, MS 38941 USA. EM rvbeecham@yahoo.com RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1577/A05-074.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 118YR UT WOS:000242979900001 ER PT J AU Weirich, CR Groat, DR Reigh, RC Chesney, EJ Malone, RF AF Weirich, Charles R. Groat, Derek R. Reigh, Robert C. Chesney, Edward J. Malone, Ronald F. TI Effect of feeding strategies on production characteristics and body composition of Florida pompano reared in marine recirculating systems SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; STOCKING DENSITY; SEA BASS; TRACHINOTUS-CAROLINUS; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; JUVENILE TURBOT; ENERGY-LEVEL; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH AB The effect of feeding strategies on production characteristics and body composition of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus reared using marine recirculating systems was evaluated in three growth trials (water temperature, 27-29 degrees C; salinity, 23-28 parts per thousand). A commercial diet (53% protein, 13% lipid) was fed in each trial. In trial 1, mean final weight of juveniles fed 5% of body weight per day (bw/d) in two, three, or six feedings for 38 d was significantly greater than that of Florida pompano fed once daily. In trial 2, Florida pompano that were fed twice daily to apparent satiation (AS) were significantly larger after 54 d than fish fed a fixed ration of 5% bw/d, regardless of initial stocking density (1.3 or 2.6 kg/m(3)). In trial 3, mean final weight of Florida pompano fed to AS four times daily for 133 d was significantly greater than that of fish fed to AS twice daily. Feeding rate and frequency did not affect feed conversion efficiency or body composition and had minimal effects on specific growth rate. Market-size pompano had dressed carcass yields greater than 70% and fillet yields greater than 45%. Juvenile pompano raised in recirculating systems in this study grew from an initial weight of 17 g to weights in excess of 450 g (market size) in 4-5 months and to weights in excess of 700 g in 8-9 months. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, 5600 US Route 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cweirich@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 68 IS 4 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1577/A05-082.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 118YR UT WOS:000242979900007 ER PT J AU Park, H Lee, S Jeong, H Cho, S Chun, H Back, O Kim, D Lillehoj, HS AF Park, Hongju Lee, Sunghyen Jeong, Hyunjin Cho, Sumook Chun, Hyekyung Back, Ohhyun Kim, Donghern Lillehoj, Hyun S. TI The nutrient composition of the herbicide-tolerant green pepper is equivalent to that of the conventional green pepper SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetically modified crops; herbicide-tolerance; green pepper; nutrients; substantial equivalence AB One important aspect of assessing the safety of genetically modified (GM) crops for human consumption is the characterization of their nutrient composition. This study was conducted to compare the nutritional components between the GM herbicide-tolerant green peppers and the conventional green peppers. The proximate components (energy, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc) were analyzed in their pericarps and seeds with placentas according to the methods established by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Our study demonstrates that there is no significant difference between the GM herbicide-tolerant and the conventional green peppers in their nutrient contents as measured in this study. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIAST, Rural Resources Dev Inst, RDA, Suwon 441853, South Korea. Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, RDA, Suwon 441707, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sunglee@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 546 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.09.001 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 099LE UT WOS:000241595300009 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Roberts, SB AF Pittas, Anastassios G. Roberts, Susan B. TI Dietary composition and weight loss: Can we individualize dietary prescriptions according to insulin sensitivity or secretion status? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE dietary composition; insulin secretion; insulin sensitivity; weight loss ID LOW-GLYCEMIC-INDEX; LOW-FAT DIET; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HIGH FASTING INSULIN; BODY-WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ENERGY-INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS AB There is considerable uncertainty over whether any one dietary pattern broadly facilitates weight loss or maintenance of weight loss, and current dietary guidelines recommend a spectrum of dietary composition for the general population. However, emerging evidence suggests that specific dietary compositions may work better for identifiable groups of overweight/obese individuals based on their individual metabolic status. In particular, characteristics of insulin dynamics, such as insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion status, may interact with diets that vary in macronutrient composition to influence the weight loss achieved with a hypocaloric diet. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 750 Washington St 268, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tufts-nemc.org FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23-DK61506] NR 94 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.oct.435-448 PN 1 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 095FH UT WOS:000241293100001 PM 17063925 ER PT J AU D'Anci, KE Constant, F Rosenberg, IH AF D'Anci, Kristen E. Constant, Florence Rosenberg, Irwin H. TI Hydration and cognitive function in children SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE children; cognitive function; hydration ID EXERCISE-INDUCED DEHYDRATION; HEAT-STRESS; HYPERNATREMIC STATES; NERVOUS SYSTEM; VERBAL MEMORY; WATER-INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; CORTISOL; HYPOHYDRATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Adequate fluid intake is critical for survival. While adults are at liberty to drink fluids as wanted, children and infants are dependent upon caregivers for food and fluid. Children are at greater risk for dehydration than adults due to their higher surface-to-mass ratio. Additionally, children have different thirst sensitivities and body cooling mechanisms than adults. Children differ from adults in total body water content, and boys and girls differ in body water content with maturation. Research in young adults shows that mild dehydration corresponding to only 1% to 2% of body weight loss can lead to significant impairment in cognitive function. Dehydration in infants is associated with confusion, irritability, and lethargy; in children, it may produce decrements in cognitive performance. (c) 2006 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nestle Waters, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK065114] NR 52 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 15 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.oct.457-464 PN 1 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 095FH UT WOS:000241293100003 PM 17063927 ER PT J AU Trichopoulou, A Corella, D Martinez-Gonzalez, MA Soriguer, F Ordovas, JM AF Trichopoulou, Antonia Corella, Dolores Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A. Soriguer, Federico Ordovas, Jose M. TI The Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular epidemiology SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE cancer; cholesterol; coronary heart disease; Mediterranean diet; olive oil ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY-PEOPLE; OLIVE OIL; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; RISK; FAT; POPULATIONS; CONSUMPTION AB The Mediterranean diet was first considered to be a low-saturated fat diet that conveyed protection against coronary heart disease by lowering plasma total cholesterol levels. Later, the emphasis shifted away from the low-saturated-fat content of this diet toward its high content of olive oil and its overall constellation of characteristics. Moreover, there is now evidence that the Mediterranean diet benefits not only the risk for coronary heart disease but also cancer occurrence, total mortality, and longevity. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. Univ Navarra, Dept Med Prevent & Salud Publ, Navarra, Spain. Hosp Civil, Endocrinol & Nutr Serv, Malaga, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRC, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10 BP S13 EP S19 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.oct.S13-S19 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 095RO UT WOS:000241325800003 ER PT J AU McGuire, SO Sortwell, CE Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Hejna, MJ Collier, TJ AF McGuire, Susan O. Sortwell, Caryl E. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. Hejna, Matthew J. Collier, Timothy J. TI Dietary supplementation with blueberry extract improves survival of transplanted dopamine neurons SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blueberry supplementation; cell survival; dopamine neuron; Parkinson disease; striatum; transplantation ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FETAL NIGRAL TRANSPLANTATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BRAIN-DAMAGE; AGED RATS; GRAFTS; EXPRESSION AB The exact mechanisms contributing to poor neuronal survival in cell transplantation paradigms for Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. However, transplantation-induced host immune response, inflammation, and subsequent oxidative stress are likely contributors to cell death since dopamine (DA) neurons are exquisitely sensitive to oxidative damage. Multiple studies have attempted to improve cell survival by treating transplant material with antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds, whereas far fewer studies have attempted to modify the host environment to reduce these threats. Flavonoids, phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and inummomodulatory properties. For example, supplementation with dietary blueberry extract (BBE) prevents oxidative stress-associated impairment of striatal motor function during aging and restores lost motor function in aged rats. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of rodent diets with BBE would improve the survival of embryonic DA neurons transplanted into the unilaterally DA-depleted striatum. Inclusion of 2% BBE in a custom chow diet significantly increased the survival of implanted DA neurons and ameliorated rotational behavior asymmetries as compared to transplanted animals consuming a standard diet. These findings provide support for the potential of dietary phytochemicals as an easily administered and well-tolerated therapy that can be used to improve the effectiveness of DA neuron replacement. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Cell Biol Neurobiol & Anat, Sch Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Neurol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Dept Neurosci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McGuire, SO (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Blgd 102 Room 2639,2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. EM smcguire@lumc.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS42125] NR 56 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5-6 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1080/10284150601086134 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 126FZ UT WOS:000243499300009 PM 17263092 ER PT J AU Litterer, LA Plaisance, KL Schnurr, JA Storey, KK Jung, HJG Gronwald, JW Somers, DA AF Litterer, Lynn A. Plaisance, Kathryn L. Schnurr, Judy A. Storey, Kathleen K. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Gronwald, John W. Somers, David A. TI Biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid in developing soybean embryos: possible role of UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; SEED; PURIFICATION; PLANTS; TURNOVER; PROTEIN; YIELD; INTERCONVERSION AB During soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] embryo development, cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) derived from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) (uronic acids, arabinose, xylose) exhibited a linear increase during the period of 25-45 days after flowering (daf). At embryo maturity, CWPs derived from UDP-GlcA accounted for 39% of total CWPs. To ascertain the relative importance of the nucleotide sugar oxidation (NSO) and the myo-inositol oxidation (MIO) pathways to UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) dehydrogenase (UDP-Glc DH, EC 1.1.1.22) and UDP-glucuronic acid pyrophosphorylase (UDP-GlcA PPase, EC 2.7.7.44) activities, respectively, were measured in desalted extracts of developing embryos. UDP-Glc DH and UDP-GlcA PPase activities, expressed on a per seed basis, increased 3.5- and 3.9-fold, respectively, during the period of 25-45 daf. However, UDP-GlcA PPase activity was 35-50-fold greater than UDP-Glc DH activity. The soybean UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase gene (USP1), a homolog of pea USP, and a candidate gene for UDP-GlcA PPase, was cloned and the recombinant enzyme characterized. Recombinant soybean USP1 (71 kDa) exhibited high activity with glucuronic acid 1-phosphate (GlcA-1-P), glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) and galactose 1-phosphate (Gal-1-P), but low activity with mannose 1-phosphate (Man-1-P), N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate and Glc-6-P. Determination of kinetic constants indicated that USP1 has a higher affinity for GlcA-1-P (K-m = 0.14 +/- 0.02 mM) than for Glc-1-P (K-m = 0.23 +/- 0.02 mM). Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to measure transcript levels of the UDP-glucose DH (UGD) and USP gene families in developing soybean embryos. Transcript levels, normalized to the 18S rRNA controls, were greater for UGD than USP throughout embryo development. The possibility that USP serves as UDP-GlcA PPase, the terminal enzyme of the MIO pathway, is discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gronw001@umn.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00728.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 084JK UT WOS:000240529000001 ER PT J AU Mooney, BP Miernyk, JA Greenlief, CM Thelen, JJ AF Mooney, Brian P. Miernyk, Jan A. Greenlief, C. Michael Thelen, Jay J. TI Using quantitative proteomics of Arabidopsis roots and leaves to predict metabolic activity SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SOYBEAN SEED PROTEINS; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOME; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; THALIANA CHLOROPLASTS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; REFERENCE MAPS; MESSENGER-RNA AB Proteins isolated from developing roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were separated by high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis. The resulting 2-D proteome maps are markedly different. Quantitative analysis of root and leaf protein spot pairs revealed that in most instances there was at least a 1.5-fold differential. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of the 288 most abundant 2-D spots from each organ allowed 156 and 126 protein assignments for roots and leaves, respectively, 54 of which were common. Metabolism-related proteins accounted for 20% of assignments in samples from both organs, whereas energy-related proteins comprised 25 and 18% of leaf and root samples, respectively. Proteins involved in disease resistance and defense encompass 13% of root proteins, but only 7% of leaf proteins. Comparison of protein abundance with transcript abundance, using previously reported microarray data, yielded a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.6, suggesting that it is inappropriate to make protein level or metabolic conclusions based solely upon data from transcript profiling. A comparative model of root and leaf metabolism was developed, based upon protein rather than transcript abundance. The model indicates elevated one-carbon and tricarboxylic acid metabolism in roots relative to leaves. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Charles W Gehrke Proteom Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, New Haven, CT 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thelen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 109 Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM thelenj@missouri.edu NR 65 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00746.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 084JK UT WOS:000240529000004 ER PT J AU Ponciano, G Yoshikawa, M Lee, JL Ronald, PC Whalen, MC AF Ponciano, Grisel Yoshikawa, Masayasu Lee, Jamie L. Ronald, Pamela C. Whalen, Maureen C. TI Pathogenesis-related gene expression in rice is correlated with developmentally controlled Xa21-mediated resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oryza sativa var. indica; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; pathogenesis-related proteins; developmental disease resistance; adult plant resistance; Quantitative real time PCR ID LESION MIMIC MUTANTS; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DEFENSE RESPONSE; JASMONIC ACID; PROTEIN; TOBACCO; ARABIDOPSIS AB Disease resistance mediated by the resistance gene Xa21 is developmentally controlled in rice. We examined the relationship between Pathogenesis Related (PR) defense gene expression and Xa21-mediated developmental disease resistance induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; (Xoo). OsPR1a, OsM1b, and OsPR1c genes were cloned and their induction was analyzed, in addition to the OsPR10a gene, at the juvenile and adult stages in response to a wildtype Xoo strain that induces a resistance response (incompatible interaction) and an isogenic mutant Xoo strain that does not (compatible interaction). We found that the adult stage leaves are more competent to express these OsPR1 genes and that the Xa21 locus is required for the highest levels of induction. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Whalen, MC (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM griselp@sfsu.edu; pcronald@ucdavis.edu; mwhalen@pw.usda.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4-6 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.03.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 206NM UT WOS:000249190200003 ER PT J AU Liua, Z Halteman, D AF Liua, Zhenyu Halteman, Dennis TI Identification and characterization of RB-orthologous genes from the late blight resistant wild potato species Solanum verrucosum SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late blights; host resistance; potato; Solanum verrucosum; resistance gene cloning ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; AMINO-ACID SITES; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SELECTION; BULBOCASTANUM; EVOLUTION; SUBSTITUTION; INHERITANCE; LIKELIHOOD; HOMOLOGS AB Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potatoes and tomatoes. A key long-term management strategy for combating this disease is to develop potato cultivars with high levels of durable resistance through identification and integration of major resistance genes. The RB gene, cloned from the Mexican diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum, confers broad-spectrum resistance to potato late blight. Here, we have determined the late blight resistance phenotypes of eight accessions of Solanum verrucosum, another wild diploid potato species, using greenhouse inoculations and discovered variability among the accessions. While most accessions were resistant, one accession was notably more susceptible. Transcribed orthologs of the RB gene from the eight S. verrucosum accessions were cloned using a homology-based PCR approach. Sequence analysis revealed that bib the RBver orthologs share up to 83.5% nucleotide identity. with RB Stable introduction of the RB ortholog from late blight resistant S. verrucosum P1275260 into susceptible S. tuberosum confers resistance to P. infestans. Interestingly, this functional RBver, ortholog contains an insertion of a complete leucine rich repeat when compared to RB bib, and differs from the RBver ortholog from a susceptible accession at only four amino acid residues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Halteman, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dah@plantpath.wisc.edu RI Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012 NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4-6 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.05.002 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 206NM UT WOS:000249190200012 ER PT J AU Balint-Kurti, PJ Krakowsky, MD Jines, MP Robertson, LA Molnar, TL Goodman, MM Holland, JB AF Balint-Kurti, P. J. Krakowsky, M. D. Jines, M. P. Robertson, L. A. Molnar, T. L. Goodman, M. M. Holland, J. B. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern leaf blight and days to anthesis in a maize recombinant inbred line population SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flowering; Helminthosporium ID MAYDIS RACE-O; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; YIELD LOSS; CORN; INHERITANCE; DISEASE; CROSSES; GENES; SPOT AB A recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the maize lines NC300 (resistant) and B104 (susceptible) was evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O and for days to anthesis in four environments (Clayton, NC, and Tifton, GA, in both 2004 and 2005). Entry mean and average genetic correlations between disease ratings in different environments were high (0.78 to 0.89 and 0.9, respectively) and the overall entry mean heritability for SLB resistance was 0.89. When weighted mean disease ratings were fitted to a model using multiple interval mapping, seven potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, the two strongest being on chromosomes 3 (bin 3.04) and 9 (bin 9.03-9.04). These QTL explained a combined 80% of the phenotypic variation for SLB resistance. Some time-point-specific SLB resistance QTL were also identified. There was no significant correlation between disease resistance and days to anthesis. Six putative QTL for time to anthesis were identified, none of which coincided with any SLB resistance QTL. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crob Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer Genet, Pace, France. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM peter_balintkurti@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1067 EP 1071 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1067 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 089AJ UT WOS:000240852000003 PM 18943494 ER PT J AU Stewart, JE Kim, MS James, RL Dumroese, RK Klopfenstein, NB AF Stewart, Jane E. Kim, Mee-Sook James, Robert L. Dumroese, R. Kasten Klopfenstein, Ned B. TI Molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune isolates from a conifer nursery SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest pathology; molecular diagnostics; phylogenetics ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; FUNGUS FUSARIUM; METHYL-BROMIDE; SEQUENCE DATA; STRAIN FO47; PATHOGENS; DISEASE; AFLP AB Fusarium species can cause severe root disease and damping-off in conifer nurseries. Fusarium inoculum is commonly found in most container and bareroot nurseries on healthy and diseased seedlings, in nursery soils, and on conifer seeds. Isolates of Fusarium spp. can differ in virulence; however, virulence and colony morphology are not correlated. Forty-one isolates of Fusarium spp., morphologically indistinguishable from F. oxysporum, were collected from nursery samples (soils, healthy seedlings, and diseased seedlings). These isolates were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and DNA sequencing of nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer including 5.8S rDNA), mitochondrial rDNA (small subunit [mtSSU]), and nuclear translation elongation factor 1-alpha. Each isolate had a unique AFLP phenotype. Out of 121 loci, 111 (92%) were polymorphic; 30 alleles were unique to only highly virulent isolates and 33 alleles were unique to only isolates nonpathogenic on conifers. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of DNA sequences from all three regions and the combined data set showed that all highly virulent isolates clearly separated into a common clade that contained F. commune, which was recently distinguished from its sister taxon, F. oxysporum. Interestingly, all but one of the nonpathogenic isolates grouped into a common clade and were genetically similar to F. oxysporum. The AFLP cladograms had similar topologies when compared with the DNA-based phylograms. Although all tested isolates were morphologically indistinguishable from F. oxysporum based on currently available monographs, some morphological traits can be plastic and unreliable for identification of Fusarium spp. We consider the highly virulent isolates to be F. commune based on strong genetic evidence. To our knowledge, this is the first reported evidence that shows F. commune is a cause of Fusarium disease (root rot and damping-off) on Douglas-fir seedlings. Furthermore, several AFLP genetic markers and mtSSU sequences offer potential for development of molecular markers that could be used to detect and distinguish isolates of F. oxysporum nonpathogenic to conifers and highly virulent isolates of F. commune in forest nurseries. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM mkim@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1124 EP 1133 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1124 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 089AJ UT WOS:000240852000010 PM 18943501 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Hoheisel, GA AF Grunwald, Niklaus J. Hoheisel, Gwen-Alyn TI Hierarchical analysis of diversity, selfing, and genetic differentiation in populations of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recombination ID CHESTNUT BLIGHT FUNGUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA; UNITED-STATES; MULTILOCUS STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; SINGLE-ZOOSPORE AB Relatively little is known about the population biology of the legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. A. euteiches is a soilborne pathogen causing Aphanomyces root rot of several legumes, including alfalfa, bean, lentil, and pea. Our objectives were to assess the degree of diversity, selfing, and population differentiation in A. euteiches. We contrasted populations within and among two geographically separated fields with a history of pea production. Molecular genotyping relied on amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Samples of A. euteiches recovered from two fields in northeast Oregon and western Washington confirmed previous reports of moderately high genetic diversity in populations of A. euteiches at the regional scale, but revealed higher-than-expected genotypic diversity within individual soil samples. Populations of A. euteiches were significantly differentiated at the soil sample, field, and regional level. The population structure appears to be patterned by regular selfing via oospores, a mixed reproductive system including both asexual and sexual reproduction, with occasional migration of novel genotypes or outcrossing. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Niklaus.Grunwald@science.oregonstate.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1134 EP 1141 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1134 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 089AJ UT WOS:000240852000011 PM 18943502 ER PT J AU Eliaz, I Hotchkiss, AT Fishman, ML Rode, D AF Eliaz, Isaac Hotchkiss, Arland T. Fishman, Marshall L. Rode, Dorena TI The effect of modified citrus pectin on urinary excretion of toxic elements SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE modified citrus pectin; rhamnogalacturonan; chelation; heavy metals; arsenic; PectaSol ID RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-II; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; METAL IONS; LEAD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHELATION; BINDING; DIMER; RATS; WINE AB This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of modified citrus pectin (MCP) on the urinary excretion of toxic elements in healthy individuals. MCP is a reduced molecular weight pectin (weight-average molar mass = 15400) that is mostly linear homogalacturonan with a 3.8% degree of esterification and approximately 10% rhamnogalacturonan II based on the presence of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonic acid. Subjects ingested 15 g of MCP (PectaSol (R), EcoNugenics (R) Inc., Santa Rosa, California 95407) each day for 5 days and 20 g on day 6. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected on day 1 and day 6 for comparison with baseline. The urine samples were analysed for toxic and essential elements. In the first 24 h of MCP administration the urinary excretion of arsenic increased significantly (130%, p < 0.05). On day 6, urinary excretion was increased significantly for cadmium (150%, p < 0.05). In addition, lead showed a dramatic increase in excretion (560%, p < 0.08). This pilot trial provides the first evidence that oral administration of MCP increases significantly the urinary excretion of toxic metals in subjects with a 'normal' body load of metals. It is suggested that systemic chelation of toxic metals by MCP may in part be attributable to the presence of rhamnogalacturonan II, which has been shown previously to chelate metals. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Amitabha Med Clin & Healing Ctr, Sebastopol, CA 95472 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Eliaz, I (reprint author), Amitabha Med Clin & Healing Ctr, 7064 Corline Ct Ste A, Sebastopol, CA 95472 USA. EM ieliaz@prodigy.net FU NCCIH NIH HHS [F31-AT00656-01] NR 32 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 20 IS 10 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1002/ptr.1953 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 097UQ UT WOS:000241474900007 PM 16835878 ER PT J AU Martin, N Bollero, G Kitchen, NR Kravchenko, AN Sudduth, K Wiebold, WJ Bullock, D AF Martin, Nicolis Bollero, Germin Kitchen, Newell R. Kravchenko, Alexandra N. Sudduth, Ken Wiebold, William J. Bullock, Don TI Two classification methods for developing and interpreting productivity zones using site properties SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE k-means clustering; quadratic discriminant analysis; k-nearest neighbor discriminant analysis; yield temporal patterns; site properties ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT ZONES; SOYBEAN YIELD; GRAIN-YIELD; CORN; VARIABILITY; FIELD; TOPOGRAPHY; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Crop performance is often shown as areas of differing grain yield. Many producers utilize simple GIS color ramping techniques to produce visual yield maps with delineated clusters. However, a more quantitative approach such as an unsupervised clustering procedure is generally used by scientists since it is much less arbitrary. Intuitively the yield clusters are due to soil and terrain properties, but there is no clear criterion for the delineation. We compared the effectiveness of two delineation or classification procedures: quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and k-nearest neighbor discriminant analysis (k-NN) for the study of how yield temporal patterns relate to site properties. This study used three production fields, one in Monticello, IL, and two in Centralia, MO. Clusters were defined using maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield from three seasons. The k-NN had greater and more consistent successful classification rates than did QDA. Classification success rate varied from 0.465 to 0.790 for QDA while the k-NN classification rate varied from 0.794 to 0.874. This shows that areas of certain temporal yield patterns correspond to areas of specific site properties. Although profiles of site properties differ by crop and production field, areas of consistent low maize yield had greater shallow electrical conductivity (ECshallow), than those of consistent high maize yield. Furthermore, areas of consistent high soybean yield had lower soil reflectance than those areas of consistent low yields. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Syngenta Inc, Stanton, MN 55018 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bullock, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave,Turner Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dbullock@uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2006 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1007/s11104-006-9126-z PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 119GS UT WOS:000243001400028 ER PT J AU Reddy, L Allan, RE Campbell, KAG AF Reddy, L. Allan, R. E. Campbell, K. A. Garland TI Evaluation of cold hardiness in two sets of near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with polymorphic vernalization alleles SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Vrn-1 intron1 deletion markers; winter wheat ID GENETIC-CONTROL; RECOMBINATION HOTSPOT; CHROMOSOME 5A; WINTER HABIT; GROWTH HABIT; REQUIREMENT; RESISTANCE; LOCUS; EXPRESSION; GENOME AB In wheat, variation at the orthologus Vrn-1 loci, located on each of the three genomes, A, B and D, is responsible for vernalization response. A dominant Vrn-1a allele on any of the three wheat genomes results in spring habit and the presence of recessive Vrn-1b alleles on all three genomes results in winter habit. Two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were evaluated for DNA polymorphisms at their Vrn-A1, B1 and D1 loci and for cold hardiness. Two winter wheat cultivars, 'Daws' and 'Wanser' were used as recurrent parents and 'Triple Dirk' NILs were used as donor parents for orthologous Vrn-1 alleles. The NILs were analysed using molecular markers specific for each allele. Only 26 of 32 'Daws' NILs and 23 of 32 'Wanser' NILs had a plant growth habit that corresponded to the marker genotype for the markers used. Freezing tests were conducted in growth chambers programmed to cool to -21.5 degrees C. Relative area under the death progress curve (AUDPC), with a maximum value of 100 was used as a measure of death due to freezing. The average relative AUDPC of the spring habit 'Daws'Vrn-A1a NILs was 86.15; significantly greater than the corresponding winter habit 'Daws'Vrn-A1b NILs (42.98). In contrast, all the 'Daws'Vrn-A1bVrn-B1aVrn-D1b and Vrn-A1bVrn-B1bVrn-D1a NILs (spring habit) had relative AUDPC values equal to those of their 'Daws' sister genotypes with Vrn-A1bVrn-B1bVrn-D1b NILs (winter habit). The average AUDPC of spring and winter habit 'Wanser' NILs differed at all three Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 locus comparisons. We conclude that 'Daws' and 'Wanser' have different background genetic interactions with the Vrn-1 loci influencing cold hardiness. The marker for Vrn-A1 is diagnostic for growth habit and cold hardiness but there is no relationship between the Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 markers and the cold tolerance of the NILs used in this study. C1 Univ Washington, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Campbell, KAG (reprint author), Univ Washington, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgcamp@wsu.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01255.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 083FA UT WOS:000240440600006 ER PT J AU Zalapa, JE Staub, JE McCreight, JD AF Zalapa, J. E. Staub, J. E. McCreight, J. D. TI Generation means analysis of plant architectural traits and fruit yield in melon SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; primary branch number; quantitative inheritance; gene action; epistasis ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L.; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; QTL ANALYSIS; MUSKMELON; COMPONENTS AB Unique architectural phenotypes have the potential for increasing yield in commercial melon (Cucumis melo L.). Therefore, a generation means analysis was conducted to investigate the inheritance of architectural traits (days to anthesis, primary branch number, fruit number and weight, and average weight per fruit). Progeny (F-1, F-2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) from a cross between US Department of Agriculture (USDA) line, USDA 846-1 (P-1) and 'TopMark' (P-2) were evaluated at Arlington (AR) and Hancock (HCK), Wisconsin in 2001. Significant (P <= 0.05) environment effects and genotype x environment interactions (G x E) analyses necessitated analysis by location. Significant differences (P <= 0.05) among parents and generations were observed for all traits, and the two parental lines differed significantly for primary branch number, fruit number and average weight per fruit. Additive gene effects were most important in governing primary branch number and fruit number per plant, while dominance and epistatic genetic effects mainly controlled days to anthesis, fruit weight per plant and average weight per fruit. Narrow-sense heritabilities were 0.62 (AR) for days to anthesis, 0.71 (AR) and 0.76 (HCK) for primary branch number, 0.68 (AR) and 0.70 (HCK) for fruit weight per plant, 0.33 (AR) and 0.45 (HCK) for fruit weight per plant, and 0.06 (AR) and 0.79 (HCK) for average weight per fruit. Estimations of the least number of effective factors for primary branch number were relatively consistent at both AR (approx. 4) and HCK (approx. 2). Results suggest that introgression of yield-related genes from highly branched melon types (e.g. USDA 846-1) into US Western Shipping germplasm may aid in the development of high-yielding cultivars with concentrated fruit set suitable for machine and/or hand-harvesting operations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Zalapa, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jezalapa@wisc.edu NR 46 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 BP 482 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01273.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 083FA UT WOS:000240440600012 ER PT J AU Chappell, AS Scaboo, AM Wu, X Nguyen, H Pantalone, VR Bilyeu, KD AF Chappell, A. S. Scaboo, A. M. Wu, X. Nguyen, H. Pantalone, V. R. Bilyeu, K. D. TI Characterization of the MIPS gene family in Glycine max SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE CX1834; Glycine max; MIPS; phytate; phytic acid; soybean ID PHYTIC-ACID; SYNTHASE GENE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SOYBEAN SEEDS; PHYTATE; MYOINOSITOL; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS AB Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) is the primary storage component of phosphorus in plant seeds. The first step in phytic acid biosynthesis is the de novo synthesis of myo-inositol, which is catalyzed by the enzyme D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (MIPS EC 5.5.1.4). Previous work detected four MIPS genes in soybean (Glycine max). However, only a limited amount of data were available for the MIPS gene family and some of the data were conflicting. The work described here clears up these data and characterizes the MIPS gene family for the purposes of reverse genetic technologies. The complete genomic sequence of all four genes was determined and their expression profile was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicate that the four MIPS genes are highly conserved and temporally and spatially expressed. The MIPS gene family in the low phytic acid soybean line, CX1834, was also characterized since this line displays a phenotype similar to previously characterized MIPS mutants. These data demonstrate that mutations in MIPS genes are not the cause of the low phytic acid phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01264.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 083FA UT WOS:000240440600014 ER PT J AU Chappell, AS Bilyeu, KD AF Chappell, A. S. Bilyeu, K. D. TI A GmFAD3A mutation in the low linolenic acid soybean mutant C1640 SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; FAD3; linolenic acid; molecular marker; mutation; soybean oil ID FAN LOCUS; INHERITANCE AB The linolenic acid component is responsible for the flavour and odour instability of soybean oil. Thus, development of low linolenic acid soybean lines has been a major goal in crop science research. One such low linolenic acid soybean line, A5, contains a deletion of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene GmFAD3A. Another low linolenic acid soybean line, C1640, is allelic with A5, suggesting it too contains a mutation in the GmFAD3A gene. The purpose of this work was to characterize the genetic lesion in C1640 using GmFAD3A as a candidate gene. It could be that a premature stop codon is introduced in the gene, presumably rendering a non-functional truncated enzyme. An assay to distinguish between the wild type and mutant alleles by using PCR followed by endonuclease digestion was developed. This assay will aid soybean breeders that are trying to incorporate the C1640 low linolenic acid trait into other lines. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 110 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 125 IS 5 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01271.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 083FA UT WOS:000240440600022 ER PT J AU Oide, S Moeder, W Krasnoff, S Gibson, D Haas, H Yoshioka, K Turgeon, BG AF Oide, Shinichi Moeder, Wolfgang Krasnoff, Stuart Gibson, Donna Haas, Hubertus Yoshioka, Keiko Turgeon, B. Gillian TI NPS6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; L-ORNITHINE N-5-OXYGENASE; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; COLLETOTRICHUM-LAGENARIUM; APPRESSORIAL PENETRATION; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM AB NPS6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, is a virulence determinant in the maize ( Zea mays) pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and is involved in tolerance to H(2)O(2). Deletion of NPS6 orthologs in the rice ( Oryza sativa) pathogen, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, the wheat ( Triticum aestivum) pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, and the Arabidopsis thaliana pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola, resulted in reduced virulence and hypersensitivity to H(2)O(2). Introduction of the NPS6 ortholog from the saprobe Neurospora crassa to the Delta nps6 strain of C. heterostrophus restored wild- type virulence to maize and tolerance to H(2)O(2), demonstrating functional conservation in filamentous ascomycete phytopathogens and saprobes. Increased sensitivity to iron depletion was identified as a conserved phenotype of Delta nps6 strains. Exogenous application of iron enhanced the virulence of Delta nps6 strains of C. heterostrophus, C. miyabeanus, F. graminearum, and A. brassicicola to each host. NPS6 is responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular siderophores by C. heterostrophus, F. graminearum, and A. brassicicola. Application of the extracellular siderophore of A. brassicicola restored wild- type virulence of the Delta bnps6 strain to Arabidopsis. It is proposed that the role of extracellular siderophores in fungal virulence to plants is to supply an essential nutrient, iron, to their producers in planta and not to act as phytotoxins, depriving their hosts of iron. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Innsbruck Med Univ, Div Mol Biol, Bioctr Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Turgeon, BG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bgt1@cornell.edu OI Moeder, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3889-6183 NR 66 TC 152 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2836 EP 2853 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.045633 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 102NG UT WOS:000241818300031 PM 17056706 ER PT J AU Joung, YH Kamo, K AF Joung, Young Hee Kamo, Kathryn TI Expression of a polyubiquitin promoter isolated from Gladiolus SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE intron; calla lily; freesia; cannas; lily; rice; tobacco ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; UBIQUITIN PROMOTERS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RICE; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSIENT; TOBACCO; CELLS AB A polyubiquitin promoter (GUBQ1) including its 5'UTR and intron was isolated from the floral monocot Gladiolus because high levels of expression could not be obtained using publicly available promoters isolated from either cereals or dicots. Sequencing of the promoter revealed highly conserved 5' and 3' intron splicing sites for the 1.234 kb intron. The coding sequence of the first two ubiquitin genes showed the highest homology (87 and 86%, respectively) to the ubiquitin genes of Nicotiana tabacum and Oryza sativa RUBQ2. Transient expression following gene gun bombardment showed that relative levels of GUS activity with the GUBQ1 promoter were comparable to the CaMV 35S promoter in gladiolus, tobacco, rose, rice, and the floral monocot freesia. The highest levels of GUS expression with GUBQ1 were attained with Gladiolus. The full-length GUBQ1 promoter including 5'UTR and intron were necessary for maximum GUS expression in Gladiolus. The relative GUS activity for the promoter only was 9%, and the activity for the promoter with 5'UTR and 399 bp of the full-length 1.234 kb intron was 41%. Arabidopsis plants transformed with uidA under GUBQ1 showed moderate GUS expression throughout young leaves and in the vasculature of older leaves. The highest levels of transient GUS expression in Gladiolus have been achieved using the GUBQ1 promoter. This promoter should be useful for genetic engineering of disease resistance in Gladiolus, rose, and freesia, where high levels of gene expression are important. C1 USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kamok@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1088 DI 10.1007/s00299-006-0185-7 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081IO UT WOS:000240310800010 PM 16761144 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Wintermantel, WM Cortez, AA Barnes, JE Barrett, SM Bolda, MP Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Wintermantel, William M. Cortez, Arturo A. Barnes, Janelle E. Barrett, Stephanie M. Bolda, Mark P. Martin, Robert R. TI Epidemiology of strawberry pallidosis-associated virus and occurrence of pallidosis disease in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDO-YELLOWS-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; 1ST REPORT; CRINIVIRUS AB Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus (SPaV) was found closely associated with pallidosis disease. The modes of transmission of the virus were studied, including pollen, seed (achene), and whitefly transmission. Three whitefly species were tested for their ability to transmit SPaV, but only the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, was identified as a vector of the virus. Testing strawberries for SPaV and Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV), a second crinivirus associated with pallidosis disease, in strawberry-producing areas in North America confirmed a high incidence of both viruses in areas where high populations of whiteflies were present. Infection rates as high as 90% for SPaV and 60% for BPYV were observed when plants exhibiting decline symptoms were tested. Lower rates of infection were found in regions where whiteflies were absent or found in low numbers. The role of these criniviruses in the strawberry decline observed over the past few years along the western coast of North America was examined. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1346 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1343 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086VM UT WOS:000240701100013 ER PT J AU Fisher, AJ Bruckart, WL McMahon, MB Luster, DG AF Fisher, A. J. Bruckart, W. L. McMahon, M. B. Luster, D. G. TI First report of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis pycnia on yellow starthistle in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit EIW, Albany, CA 94702 USA. RP Fisher, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit EIW, Albany, CA 94702 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1362 EP 1362 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1362A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086VM UT WOS:000240701100028 ER PT J AU Sacks, EJ Abbas, HK Mengistu, A AF Sacks, E. J. Abbas, H. K. Mengistu, A. TI First report of endophytic Candida ipomoeae isolated from ovules of upland cotton in Mississippi. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sacks, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1362 EP 1362 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1362B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086VM UT WOS:000240701100029 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ AF Brandeis, Thomas James TI Assessing tree species assemblages in highly disturbed Puerto Rican karst landscapes using forest inventory data SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; disturbance; exotic species; landscape; secondary forest; succession ID RECOVERY; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; REGION; LAND AB Tree species assemblages described by landscape-scale forest inventory data both agreed and differed from those described by intensive, site specific studies in Puerto Rico's highly disturbed northern karst belt. Species assemblages found on hill tops (typified by Tabebuia heterophylla or Bursera simaruba with Coccoloba diversifolia, Licaria parvifolia, and Drypetes alba), abandoned coffee shade (Guarea guidonia, Dendropanax arboreus, Inga vera, and Persea americana), early successional forest (Tetrazygia elaeagnoides with Bucida bursera), and reverting pasture (Spathodea campanulata and Casearia guianensis) fit well with previously described forest types. However, systematic sampling captured more marginal forest and showed greater importance of introduced species that comprise/dominate the forest in these areas, particularly S. campanulata. Therefore some assemblages were found to be more mixed and less defined than those observed in small scale intensive studies. Because forest inventory sampling includes less defined forest types and areas that are on the margins of environmental gradients, forest inventory data were less able to show the relationships between detailed forest types and environmental gradients observed in other studies. However, at the landscape level, forest inventory data complements and expands on the findings from intensive studies resulting in a clearer, unbiased view of the region's forests. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 4700 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM tjbrandeis@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 186 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9122-7 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 082PP UT WOS:000240399100004 ER PT J AU Chen, JP Burke, JJ Velten, J Xin, ZU AF Chen, Junping Burke, John J. Velten, Jeff Xin, Zhanguo TI FtsH11 protease plays a critical role in Arabidopsis thermotolerance SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE thermotolerance; FtsH11 protease; atts244 mutants ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; SYNECHOCYSTIS-SP PCC-6803; PHOTOSYSTEM-II REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI FTSH; ACQUIRED THERMOTOLERANCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CHLOROPLASTIC FTSH; PUTATIVE ATPASES; LEAF VARIEGATION; GENE AB Plants, as sessile organisms, employ multiple mechanisms to adapt to the seasonal and daily temperature fluctuations associated with their habitats. Here, we provide genetic and physiological evidence that the FtsH11 protease of Arabidopsis contributes to the overall tolerance of the plant to elevated temperatures. To identify the various mechanisms of thermotolerance in plants, we isolated a series of Arabidopsis thaliana thermo-sensitive mutants (atts) that fail to acquire thermotolerance after pre-conditioning at 38 degrees C. Two allelic mutants, atts244 and atts405, were found to be both highly susceptible to moderately elevated temperatures and defective in acquired thermotolerance. The growth and development of the mutant plants at all stages examined were arrested after exposure to temperatures above 30 degrees C, which are permissive conditions for wildtype plants. The affected gene in atts244 was identified through map-based cloning and encodes a chloroplast targeted FtsH protease, FtsH11. The Arabidopsis genome contains 12 predicted FtsH protease genes, with all previously characterized FtsH genes playing roles in the alleviation of light stress through the degradation of unassembled thylakoid membrane proteins and photodamaged photosystem II D1 protein. Photosynthetic capability, as measured by chlorophyll content (chl a/b ratios) and PSII quantum yield, is greatly reduced in the leaves of FtsH11 mutants when exposed to the moderately high temperature of 30 degrees C. Under high light conditions, however, FtsH11 mutants and wild-type plants showed no significant difference in photosynthesis capacity. Our results support a direct role for the A. thaliana FtsH11-encoded protease in thermotolerance, a function previously reported for bacterial and yeast FtsH proteases but not for those from plants. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jchen@lbk.ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02855.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 083EY UT WOS:000240440400006 PM 16972866 ER PT J AU Susaimuthu, J Tzanetakis, IE Gergerich, RC Martin, RR AF Susaimuthu, J. Tzanetakis, I. E. Gergerich, R. C. Martin, R. R. TI Yellow vein-affected blackberries and the presence of a novel Crinivirus SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Closteroviridae; Crinivirus; Rubus; yellow vein disease ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PLANT-VIRUSES; PROTEIN; CLOSTEROVIRUSES; VARIABILITY; POPULATION AB During the last 5 years, blackberry plants in Arkansas and North and South Carolina exhibited virus-like symptoms of vein yellowing and mosaic, followed in some cases by death. Diagnostic tests for known blackberry viruses failed to identify a causal agent. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from affected plants and cloned. A new member of the Closteroviridae was identified and designated Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV). Molecular and immunological assays have been developed for BYVaV, and examination of plants with symptoms revealed a close association of disease symptoms with the presence of BYVaV, although the virus was also found in symptomless plants. Molecular characterization of isolates from plants exhibiting different degrees of disease severity indicated that sequence diversity is probably not the cause of the observed phenotypic differences. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Susaimuthu, J (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Susaimuthu, James/A-8689-2008; Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 55 IS 5 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01407.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084WP UT WOS:000240565400003 ER PT J AU Pujar, A Jaiswal, P Kellogg, EA Ilic, K Vincent, L Avraham, S Stevens, P Zapata, F Reiser, L Rhee, SY Sachs, MM Schaeffer, M Stein, L Ware, D McCouch, S AF Pujar, Anuradha Jaiswal, Pankaj Kellogg, Elizabeth A. Ilic, Katica Vincent, Leszek Avraham, Shulamit Stevens, Peter Zapata, Felipe Reiser, Leonore Rhee, Seung Y. Sachs, Martin M. Schaeffer, Mary Stein, Lincoln Ware, Doreen McCouch, Susan TI Whole-plant growth stage ontology for angiosperms and its application in plant biology SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL; LEAF APPEARANCE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; FLOWERING TIME; RICE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE; PATHWAYS; CONSTANS; TEMPERATURE AB Plant growth stages are identified as distinct morphological landmarks in a continuous developmental process. The terms describing these developmental stages record the morphological appearance of the plant at a specific point in its life cycle. The widely differing morphology of plant species consequently gave rise to heterogeneous vocabularies describing growth and development. Each species or family specific community developed distinct terminologies for describing whole-plant growth stages. This semantic heterogeneity made it impossible to use growth stage description contained within plant biology databases to make meaningful computational comparisons. The Plant Ontology Consortium (http://www.plantontology.org) was founded to develop standard ontologies describing plant anatomical as well as growth and developmental stages that can be used for annotation of gene expression patterns and phenotypes of all flowering plants. In this article, we describe the development of a generic whole-plant growth stage ontology that describes the spatiotemporal stages of plant growth as a set of landmark events that progress from germination to senescence. This ontology represents a synthesis and integration of terms and concepts from a variety of species-specific vocabularies previously used for describing phenotypes and genomic information. It provides a common platform for annotating gene function and gene expression in relation to the developmental trajectory of a plant described at the organismal level. As proof of concept the Plant Ontology Consortium used the plant ontology growth stage ontology to annotate genes and phenotypes in plants with initial emphasis on those represented in The Arabidopsis Information Resource, Gramene database, and MaizeGDB. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Maize Genet Cooperat Stock Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McCouch, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu RI Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013; Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447; Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Reiser, Leonore/0000-0003-0073-0858; Zapata, Felipe/0000-0002-9386-0573 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 142 IS 2 BP 414 EP 428 DI 10.1104/pp.106.085720 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 093IL UT WOS:000241161900004 PM 16905665 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JC Dombrowski, JE AF Baldwin, James C. Dombrowski, James E. TI Evaluation of Lolium temulentum as a model grass species for the study of salinity stress by PCR-based subtractive suppression hybridization analysis SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salt stress; subtractive suppression hybridization; Lolium temulentum ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FESTUCA-PRATENSIS; CDNA MICROARRAY; SALT STRESS; EXPRESSION; GENES; TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; RICE; L. AB Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses responsible for reduced persistence, yield and biomass accumulation in many crops including forage grass. Forage grass species are generally polymorphic, obligate out-crossers, that are self-incompatible. Because of their high genetic diversity, the mechanisms of salt tolerance are poorly understood. Consequently, the development of a useful model grass plant for the study of abiotic stresses is of great importance. We propose the use of Lolium temulentum L. (Darnel ryegrass), a diploid self-fertile species with a short life cycle (2-3 months), as a model system for the study of forage/turf grass species. To evaluate the utility of L. temulentum as a model grass species to study salt stress, a PCR-based subtractive suppression hybridization library was generated and sequenced. A total of 528 unique sequences were identified, among which 167 corresponded to orthologs of previously identified plant stress response genes. The expression patterns in leaf, crown and root tissues of selected genes were analyzed by Northern blot analysis, demonstrating salinity depended regulation of gene expression. These preliminary studies provide proof of concept supporting the use of L. temulentum as a model forage grass for molecular genetic analyses of salinity stress. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Dombrowski, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dombrowj@onid.orst.edu NR 29 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 4 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.05.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 079EO UT WOS:000240158500004 PM 25193643 ER PT J AU Yang, HP Kaur, N Kiriakopolos, S McCormick, S AF Yang, Heping Kaur, Navpreet Kiriakopolos, Stephanie McCormick, Sheila TI EST generation and analyses towards identifying female gametophyte-specific genes in Zea mays L. SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE central cell; double fertilization; egg cell; gamete; synergid; triple cysteine motif protein ID POLLEN-TUBE GUIDANCE; MAIZE EGG CELLS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RECEPTOR KINASES; CDNA LIBRARIES; MESSENGER-RNAS; SYNERGID CELL; PLANT-CELLS; IN-VITRO; FERTILIZATION AB The embryo sac (female gametophyte) plays an important role in double fertilization. The female gametophyte is composed of four specific cell types: the synergids that attract pollen tubes, the egg cell and central cell which are fusion partners for the two sperm cells, and the antipodal cells whose function is unknown. As a resource for gene discovery and to help identify genes exhibiting cell-specific expression patterns, we constructed cDNA libraries from female gametophytes and from egg cells of maize and sequenced more than 8,500 ESTs. These libraries represent diverse transcripts, potentially corresponding to 3,850 genes (contigs and singletons) from the female gametophyte and 963 genes (contigs and singletons) from the egg cell. In each collection, 16% of the contigs/singletons have no matches in databases and 3-5% encode hypothetical proteins; novel hypothetical proteins (not found within the female gametophyte contigs) were identified among the egg cell contigs. We examined 65 contigs by RT-PCR and 19 genes that were potentially female gametophyte-specific were identified. We used in situ hybridization to determine expression specificity for seven genes: one transcript was expressed both in the egg cell and in the central cell, one was expressed in the egg cell and synergids, two were expressed in the central cell, two were expressed in the synergids, and one was expressed in the central cell and the synergids. Four of these encode small, potentially secreted peptides that are dissimilar except for a conserved triple cysteine motif near their C-terminus. These EST resources should prove useful for identifying female gametophyte or cell-specific genes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Yang, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 40 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0283-3 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400003 PM 16718485 ER PT J AU Park, S Cohen, JD Slovin, JP AF Park, Seijin Cohen, Jerry D. Slovin, Janet P. TI Strawberry fruit protein with a novel indole-acyl modification SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ATP synthase; auxin conjugation; chaperonin; Fragaria vesca; heat stress protein; IAA protein ID IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEAT-STRESS; AUXIN; IAA; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; INDUCTION; CULTURES; ACHENE AB Achenes and receptacle tissue of Fragaria vesca, L. cultivar Yellow Wonder were shown to contain conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that was not soluble in organic solvents and yielded IAA after strong alkaline hydrolysis, suggestive of IAA attached to plant proteins. This solvent insoluble conjugated IAA accounted for between 0.4 and 4 ng of IAA per gram fresh weight of tissue in both achenes and receptacles. To investigate this strawberry conjugate class further, a polyclonal antibody was produced to IAA-glycine attached to BSA that detected neutral indole acid esters, monocarboxylic-amino acid IAA conjugates and IAA proteins. Using immunoblotting, both achenes and receptacles of strawberry were shown to have primarily an immuno-detectable band at 76 kDa. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a wide band that was analyzed by LC-MS/MS analysis following in-gel trypsin digestion. Peptides derived from the immuno-detectable band were tentatively identified by peptide fragment analysis as being from either a chaperonin related to the hsp60 class of proteins or, alternatively, an ATP synthase. This is one of the first reports of an IAA modified protein in fruit tissue. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, B010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM slovinj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0287-z PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400004 PM 16683161 ER PT J AU Stutte, GW Monje, O Hatfield, RD Paul, AL Ferl, RJ Simone, CG AF Stutte, G. W. Monje, O. Hatfield, R. D. Paul, A. -L. Ferl, R. J. Simone, C. G. TI Microgravity effects on leaf morphology, cell structure, carbon metabolism and mRNA expression of dwarf wheat SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE bioregeneration; bioregenerative life support; lignin; carbohydrate metabolism; microarray; Triticum aestivum L ID BROMIDE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD; ARABIDOPSIS GENE-EXPRESSION; LIGNIN CONCENTRATION; ELONGATION GROWTH; CO2 CONCENTRATION; SPACEFLIGHT; SPACE; STIMULATION; PLANTS; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB The use of higher plants as the basis for a biological life support system that regenerates the atmosphere, purifies water, and produces food has been proposed for long duration space missions. The objective of these experiments was to determine what effects microgravity (mu g) had on chloroplast development, carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression in developing leaves of Triticum aestivum L. cv. USU Apogee. Gravity naive wheat plants were sampled from a series of seven 21-day experiments conducted during Increment IV of the International Space Station. These samples were fixed in either 3% glutaraldehyde or RNAlater (TM) or frozen at -25 degrees C for subsequent analysis. In addition, leaf samples were collected from 24- and 14-day-old plants during the mission that were returned to Earth for analysis. Plants grown under identical light, temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, CO2, and planting density were used as ground controls. At the morphological level, there was little difference in the development of cells of wheat under mu g conditions. Leaves developed in mu g have thinner cross-sectional area than the 1 g grown plants. Ultrastructurally, the chloroplasts of mu g grown plants were more ovoid than those developed at 1 g, and the thylakoid membranes had a trend to greater packing density. No differences were observed in the starch, soluble sugar, or lignin content of the leaves grown in mu g or 1 g conditions. Furthermore, no differences in gene expression were detected leaf samples collected at mu g from 24-day-old leaves, suggesting that the spaceflight environment had minimal impact on wheat metabolism. C1 Dynamac Corp, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Stutte, GW (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, Mail Code Dyn 3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM stuttgw@kscems.ksc.nasa.gov NR 63 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1049 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0290-4 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400007 PM 16708225 ER PT J AU Eckert, H LaVallee, B Schweiger, BJ Kinney, AJ Cahoon, EB Clemente, T AF Eckert, Helene LaVallee, Brad Schweiger, Bruce J. Kinney, Anthony J. Cahoon, Edgar B. Clemente, Tom TI Co-expression of the borage Delta(6) desaturase and the Arabidopsis Delta(15) desaturase results in high accumulation of stearidonic acid in the seeds of transgenic soybean SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Agrobacterium; gamma-linolenic acid ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BINARY VECTORS; HUMAN HEALTH; DESATURASE; PLANTS; DNA; EXPRESSION; OIL; TRANSFORMATION AB Two relatively rare fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA) and stearidonic acid ( STA), have attracted much interest due to their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential. STA, in particular, has been considered a valuable alternative source for omega-3 fatty acids due to its enhanced conversion efficiency in animals to eicosapentaenoic acid when compared with the more widely consumed omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid ( ALA), present in most vegetable oils. Exploiting the wealth of information currently available on in planta oil biosynthesis and coupling this information with the tool of genetic engineering it is now feasible to deliberately perturb fatty acid pools to generate unique oils in commodity crops. In an attempt to maximize the STA content of soybean oil, a borage Delta(6) desaturase and an Arabidopsis Delta(15) desaturase were pyramided by either sexual crossing of transgenic events, re-transformation of a Delta(6) desaturase event with the Delta(15) desaturase or co-transformation of both desaturases. Expression of both desaturases in this study was under the control of the seed-specific soybean beta-conglycinin promoter. Soybean events that carried only the Delta(15) desaturase possessed a significant elevation of ALA content, while events with both desaturases displayed a relative STA abundance greater than 29%, creating a soybean with omega-3 fatty acids representing over 60% of the fatty acid profile. Analyses of the membrane lipids in a subset of the transgenic events suggest that soybean seeds compensate for enhanced production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by increasing the relative content of palmitic acid in phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids. C1 Univ Nebraska, Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Eckert, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM tclemente1@unl.edu NR 37 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1050 EP 1057 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0291-3 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400008 PM 16718484 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, M Eckert, H Arahana, V Graef, G Grusak, MA Clemente, T AF Vasconcelos, Marta Eckert, Helene Arahana, Venancio Graef, George Grusak, Michael A. Clemente, Tom TI Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic soybean expressing the Arabidopsis ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO2 SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Glycine max; iron chlorosis ID IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; OXIDATIVE CYCLASE; RESISTANCE GENE; TOBACCO; PROTEIN; MARKER; SOIL; DNA AB Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) production is reduced under iron-limiting calcareous soils throughout the upper Midwest regions of the US. Like other dicotyledonous plants, soybean responds to iron-limiting environments by induction of an active proton pump, a ferric iron reductase and an iron transporter. Here we demonstrate that heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO2, in transgenic soybean significantly enhances Fe+3 reduction in roots and leaves. Root ferric reductase activity was up to tenfold higher in transgenic plants and was not subjected to post-transcriptional regulation. In leaves, reductase activity was threefold higher in the transgenic plants when compared to control. The enhanced ferric reductase activity led to reduced chlorosis, increased chlorophyll concentration and a lessening in biomass loss in the transgenic events between Fe treatments as compared to control plants grown under hydroponics that mimicked Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient soil environments. However, the data indicate that constitutive FRO2 expression under non-iron stress conditions may lead to a decrease in plant productivity as reflected by reduced biomass accumulation in the transgenic events under non-iron stress conditions. When grown at Fe(III)-EDDHA levels greater than 10 mu M, iron concentration in the shoots of transgenic plants was significantly higher than control. The same observation was found in the roots in plants grown at iron levels higher than 32 mu M Fe(III)-EDDHA. These results suggest that heterologous expression of an iron chelate reductase in soybean can provide a route to alleviate iron deficiency chlorosis. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Inst Plant Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Clemente, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. EM tclemente1@unl.edu RI Vasconcelos, Marta/I-8166-2013 OI Vasconcelos, Marta/0000-0002-5110-7006 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1116 EP 1128 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0293-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400014 PM 16741749 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, Umesh P. TI Raman imaging to investigate ultrastructure and composition of plant cell walls: distribution of lignin and cellulose in black spruce wood (Picea mariana) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE black spruce; cell wall; cellulose; lignin; microscopy; Raman imaging ID BIRCH BETULA-VERRUCOSA; SEM-EDXA-TECHNIQUE; MIDDLE LAMELLA; ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY; SECONDARY WALL; WHITE BIRCH; TEM-EDXA; SPECTROSCOPY; ABIES; CRYSTALLINITY AB A detailed understanding of the structural organization of the cell wall of vascular plants is important from both the perspectives of plant biology and chemistry and of commercial utilization. A state-of-the-art 633-nm laser-based confocal Raman microscope was used to determine the distribution of cell wall components in the cross section of black spruce wood in situ. Chemical information from morphologically distinct cell wall regions was obtained and Raman images of lignin and cellulose spatial distribution were generated. While cell corner (CC) lignin concentration was the highest on average, lignin concentration in compound middle lamella (CmL) was not significantly different from that in secondary wall (S2 and S2-S3). Images generated using the 1,650 cm(-1)p band showed that coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol distribution followed that of lignin and no particular cell wall layer/region was therefore enriched in the ethylenic residue. In contrast, cellulose distribution showed the opposite pattern-low concentration in CC and CmL and high in S2 regions. Nevertheless, cellulose concentration varied significantly in some areas, and concentrations of both lignin and cellulose were high in other areas. Though intensity maps of lignin and cellulose distributions are currently interpreted solely in terms of concentration differences, the effect of orientation needs to be carefully considered to reveal the organization of the wood cell wall. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 13 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1153 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0295-z PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400016 PM 16761135 ER PT J AU Liang, MX Davis, E Gardner, D Cai, XN Wu, YJ AF Liang, Mingxiang Davis, Elizabeth Gardner, Dale Cai, Xiaoning Wu, Yajun TI Involvement of AtLAC15 in lignin synthesis in seeds and in root elongation of Arabidopsis SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE laccase; lignin synthesis; proanthocyanidin metabolism; Arabidopsis ID FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MEASURING TANNINS; DEFINING TANNINS; COAT DEVELOPMENT; LACCASE CDNAS; THALIANA; LIGNIFICATION; EXPRESSION; TESTA; GENE AB Laccase, EC 1.10.3.2 or p-diphenol:dioxygen oxidoreductase, has been proposed to be involved in lignin synthesis in plants based on its in vitro enzymatic activity and a close correlation with the lignification process in plants. Despite many years of research, genetic evidence for the role of laccase in lignin synthesis is still missing. By screening mutants available for the annotated laccase gene family in Arabidopsis, we identified two mutants for a single laccase gene, AtLAC15 (At5g48100) with a pale brown or yellow seed coat which resembled the transparent testa (tt) mutant phenotype. A chemical component analysis revealed that the mutant seeds had nearly a 30% decrease in extractable lignin content and a 59% increase in soluble proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin compared with wild-type seeds. In an in vitro enzyme assay, the developing mutant seeds showed a significant reduction in polymerization activity of coniferyl alcohol in the absence of H2O2. Among the dimers formed in the in vitro assay using developing wild-type seeds, 23% of the linkages were beta-O-4 which resembles the major linkages formed in native lignin. The evidence strongly supports that AtLAC15 is involved in lignin synthesis in plants. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic evidence for the role of laccase in lignin synthesis. Changes in seed coat permeability, seed germination and root elongation were also observed in the mutant. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Liang, MX (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM yajun.wu@usu.edu RI Wu, Yajun/A-4019-2008 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2006 VL 224 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1196 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0300-6 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 088GE UT WOS:000240799400020 PM 16779554 ER PT J AU Senchina, DS Wu, LK Flinn, GN Konopka, DN McCoy, JA Widrelechner, MP Wurtele, ES Kohut, ML AF Senchina, David S. Wu, Lankun Flinn, Gina N. Konopka, Del N. McCoy, Joe-Ann Widrelechner, Mark P. Wurtele, Eve Syrkin Kohut, Marian L. TI Year-and-a-half old, dried Echinacea roots retain cytokine-modulating capabilities in an in vitro human older adult model of influenza vaccination SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Echinacea angustifolia; Echinacea pallida; Echinacea paradoxa; Echinacea purpurea; Echinacea sanguinea; Echinacea simulata; Echinacea tennesseensis; interleukin-2; interleukin-10; interferon-gamma; influenza; tincture ID HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; PURPUREA L. MOENCH; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CICHORIC ACID; IFN-GAMMA; ANGUSTIFOLIA; EXTRACT; MICE; VIVO; ANTIBODIES AB Alcohol tinctures prepared from aged Echinacea roots are typically taken for preventing or treating upper respiratory infections, as they are purported to stimulate immunity in this context. The effects of long-term (> 1 year) dry storage on the capabilities of Echinacea spp. roots from mature individuals to modulate cytokine production are unknown. Using an older human adult model of influenza vaccination, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects 6 months post-vaccination and stimulated them in vitro with the two Type A influenza viruses contained in the trivalent 2004-2005 vaccine with a 50% alcohol tincture prepared from the roots of one of seven Echinacea species: E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. purpurea, E. sanguinea, E. simulata, and E. tennesseensis. Before being processed into extracts, all roots had been stored under dry conditions for sixteen months. Cells were cultured for 48 hours; following incubation, supernatants were collected and assayed for interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma production, cytokines important in the immune response to viral infection. Four species (E. angustifolia, E. purpurea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis) augmented IL-10 production, diminished IL-2 production, and had no effect on IFN-gamma production. Echinacea pallida suppressed production of all cytokines; E. paradoxa and E. sanguinea behaved similarly, although to a lesser extent. The results from these in vitro bioactivity assays indicate that dried Echinacea roots stored for sixteen months maintain cytokine-modulating capacities. Our data support and extend previous research and indicate that tinctures from different Echinacea species have different patterns of immune modulation; further, they indicate that certain species may be efficacious in the immune response to viral infection. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Immunobiol Program, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet, Ames, IA USA. USDA, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Gerontol Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Kohut, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, 246 Forker Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mkohut@iastate.edu OI Senchina, David/0000-0003-1355-3467; Wurtele, Eve/0000-0003-1552-9495 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES012020-05, P01 ES 012020, P01 ES012020] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 13 BP 1207 EP 1215 DI 10.1055/s-2006-947254 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 103HP UT WOS:000241876600007 PM 17021999 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Tobin, PC AF Liebhold, Andrew M. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium of the Society-of-Population-Ecology CY OCT 28-30, 2005 CL Ishikawa, JAPAN SP Soc Populat Ecol DE Skellam's model; radial range expansion; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; biological invasion ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; INVADING ORGANISMS; SPATIAL SPREAD; DISPERSAL; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB A common characteristic observed in many biological invasions is the existence of a lag between the time of arrival by the alien population and the time when established populations are noticed. Considerable advances have been made in modeling the expansion of invading species, and there is often remarkable congruence between the behavior of these models with spread of actual populations. While these models have been used to characterize expansion of very newly founded colonies, there have been few attempts to compare the behavior predicted from theory with spread in actual newly founded populations, largely due to the difficulty of sampling sparse populations. Models predict that time lags in the radial expansion of newly invaded populations may be due to time requirements for the population to grow from founding to detectable levels. Models also indicate that these time lags can be predicted based upon population parameters such as the intrinsic rate of population growth and diffusion coefficient. In this paper, we compared the behavior of these models with historical data on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, establishment and spread to show similarities between model predictions and observed population spread, both of which exhibited temporal lags of expansion. However, actual populations exhibited certain behaviors that were not predicted, and this could be due, in part, to the existence of Allee effects and stochasticity. Further work that incorporates these effects is needed to more fully understand the growth of incipient colonies of invading species. Ultimately, this information can be of critical importance in the selection of effective strategies for their detection and eradication. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us; ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10144-006-0014-4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097MH UT WOS:000241451500002 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Mansour, MF Gabler, FM Goodwine, WR AF Smilanick, J. L. Mansour, M. F. Gabler, F. Mlikota Goodwine, W. R. TI The effectiveness of pyrimethanil to inhibit germination of Penicillium digitatum and to control citrus green mold after harvest SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postharvest; penbotec; sodium bicarbonate; lemon; orange; sporulation; imazalil ID FUNGICIDE PYRIMETHANIL; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; HOT-WATER; IMAZALIL; ITALICUM; SENSITIVITY; CALIFORNIA; CARBONATE; FRUIT AB Pyrimethanil (PYR) has recently been approved for postharvest use on citrus fruit to control green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum. The EC50 of PYR to inhibit germination of P. digitatum spores was 0.2-0.4 mg/L and was similar from pH 4 to 7. Green mold on citrus fruit was reduced more than 90% by PYR at 500 mg/L or higher applied by immersing for 30 s or drenching the fruit, while its application in wax over rotating brushes at 1000 or 2000 mg/L reduced green mold about 65%. Control of sporulation by PYR in aqueous solutions was better than the same concentration applied in wax, but it was inferior to imazalil. An imazalil-resistant P digitatum isolate was controlled by PYR. The addition of sodium bicarbonate improved PYR performance. PYR was not compatible with chlorine. An increase in the temperature of the PYR solution slightly but significantly improved its effectiveness to control green mold, although its residues on fruit were greatly increased by heat; they approximately doubled for each 5 degrees C increase in solution temperature above 30 degrees C. PYR was very effective when applied up to 24 h after inoculation, but much less effective when it was applied before inoculation. PYR effectively controls green mold and can be useful to control isolates of P digitatum resistant to other fungicides. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Janssen Pharmaceut Inc, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Jsmilanick@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.05.008 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 105UF UT WOS:000242057100010 ER PT J AU Harbaugh, E Trampel, D Wesley, I Hoff, S Griffith, R Hurd, HS AF Harbaugh, E. Trampel, D. Wesley, I. Hoff, S. Griffith, R. Hurd, H. S. TI Rapid aerosol transmission of salmonella among turkeys in a simulated holding-shed environment SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Typhimurium; turkey; cooling shed; respiratory tract; aerosol transmission ID BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; SWINE; CAMPYLOBACTER; TYPHIMURIUM; TRANSPORT; CONTAMINATION; PREVALENCE; CECA AB Once turkeys arrive at Midwest processing plants, they are usually held in large open-sided sheds for 1 to 4 h, waiting to be unloaded. In hot, humid weather, large fans are used to cool the birds. The resultant air currents distribute a significant amount of dust to the turkeys. The dust created in this environment could be a factor in the number of Salmonella-contaminated turkeys entering slaughter plants. The objective of this study was to determine if rapid transmission of Salmonella in turkeys could occur from exposure to Salmonella-contaminated dust similar to what may be experienced in holding sheds or in other high-dust environments prior to slaughter. In the first experiment, trials of 3 different concentrations of Salmonella (1.2 x 10(9), 2.6 x 10(7), and 2.6 x 10(5) cfu/g) were conducted to determine if transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium var. typhimurium(x)4232 to turkeys 2 to 4 h after aerosol exposure to contaminated feces is possible. Results showed that turkeys became infected after 2 h of exposure to airborne-contaminated feces with a concentration level of 2.6 x 10(5) cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium/g. In the second experiment, consisting of 3 trials, 1 bank (5 cages wide and 3 cages high) of turkeys (n = 15 birds per trial) was exposed to another bank of cages of S. Typhimurium-inoculated (n = 15) birds for 2 to 4 h using a fan similar to the type in processing-plant cooling sheds. Results from this experiment demonstrated that birds could be contaminated with S. Typhimurium after 2 h of exposure. Results of both studies implicate contaminated dust as a route of rapid airborne transmission of Salmonella in turkeys. Processes that generate significant dust prior to slaughter should be regarded as critical control points for Salmonella. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50014 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM shurd@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1693 EP 1699 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300001 PM 17012158 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Deeb, N Evock-Clover, CM Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H. Deeb, N. Evock-Clover, C. M. Ashwell, C. M. Lamont, S. J. TI Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. I. Growth and average daily gain SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genome scan; quantitative trait loci; growth trait; broiler; inbred line ID AFFECTING BODY-WEIGHT; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LOCI AFFECTING FATNESS; QTL; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS; POPULATION; COMPLEX; LAYERS AB A genome scan was used to detect chromosomal regions and QTL that control quantitative traits of economic importance in chickens. Two unique F-2 crosses generated from a commercial broiler male line and 2 genetically distinct inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi) were used to identify QTL affecting BW and daily average gain traits in chickens. Body weight at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk was measured in the 2 F2 crosses. Birds were genotyped for 269 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. Linkage distance among microsatellite markers was estimated by the CRIMAP program. The program QTL Express was used for QTL detection. Significance levels were obtained using the permutation test. For the 8 traits, a total of 18 and 13 significant QTL were detected at a 1% chromosome-wise significance level, of which 17 and 10 were significant at the 5% genome-wise level for the broiler-Leghorn cross and broiler-Fayoumi cross, respectively. Highly correlated growth traits showed similar QTL profiles within each cross but different QTL profiles between the 2 crosses. Most QTL for growth traits in the current study were detected in Gga 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 for the broiler-Leghorn cross and Gga 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 13 for the broiler-Fayoumi cross. Potential candidate genes within the QTL region for growth traits at 1% chromosome-wise significance level were discussed. The results in the current study lay the foundations for fine mapping these traits in the advanced intercross lines and provide a start point for identification causative genes responsible for growth traits in chickens. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1700 EP 1711 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300002 PM 17012159 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Deeb, N Evock-Clover, CM Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Zhou, H. Deeb, N. Evock-Clover, C. M. Ashwell, C. M. Lamont, S. J. TI Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. II. Body composition SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genome scan; quantitative trait loci; body composition; broiler; inbred line ID LOCI AFFECTING FATNESS; GROWTH; MEAT; LINES; QTL; POPULATIONS; WEIGHT; GENES; MICE AB Two informative chicken F-2 populations based on crosses between a broiler breeder male line and dams from genetically distinct, highly inbred (> 99%) chicken lines, the Leghorn G-B2 and Fayoumi M15.2, have been used for genome-wide linkage and QTL analysis. Phenotypic data on 12 body composition traits (breast muscle weight, breast muscle weight percentage, abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat weight percentage, heart weight, heart weight percentage, liver weight, liver weight percentage, spleen weight, spleen weight percentage, and drumstick weight, and drumstick weight percentage) were collected. Birds were genotyped for 269 microsatellite markers across the genome. The QTL Express program was used to detect QTL for body composition traits. Significant levels were obtained using the permutation test. For the twelve traits, a total of 61 (Gga 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24, and Z) and 45 (Gga 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, and E46) significant QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wise significance level, of which 19 and 11 were significant at the 5% genome-wise level for the broiler-Leghorn cross and broiler-Fayoumi cross, respectively. Phenotypic variation for each trait explained by all QTL across the genome ranged from 3.22 to 33.31% in the broiler-Leghorn cross and 4.83 to 47.12% in broiler-Fayoumi cross. Distinct QTL profiles between the 2 crosses were observed for most traits. Cryptic alleles were detected for each trait. Potential candidate genes within the QTL region for body composition traits at the 1% chromosome-wise significance level were identified from databases for future association study. The results of the current study will increase the knowledge of genetic markers associated with body composition traits and aid the process of identifying causative genes. Knowledge of beneficial genetic variation can be incorporated in breeding programs to enhance genetic improvement through marker-assisted selection in chickens. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1712 EP 1721 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300003 PM 17012160 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, KW Kraus, GA Schroeder, JD Kim, JW Cutler, SA Rasmussen, MA Anderson, LL Scanes, CG AF Wilhelms, K. W. Kraus, G. A. Schroeder, J. D. Kim, J. W. Cutler, S. A. Rasmussen, M. A. Anderson, L. L. Scanes, C. G. TI Evaluation of corn furan fatty acid putative endocrine disruptors on reproductive performance in adult female chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn furan fatty acid; endocrine disruptor; egg production; chicken ID MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; PRODUCTS; AGENT AB Based on evidence from rodent models, it was hypothesized that furan fatty acids found in corn would inhibit reproduction in the laying hen. An isomeric mixture of furan fatty acids [9,(12)-oxy-10, 13-dihydroxystearic acid and 10, (13)-oxy-9,12-dihydroxystearic acid] was administered for a period of 3 wk via the diet (1 and 3 ppm) at levels greater than those in corn to 20-wk-old pullets. There were no overt indications of acute or chronic toxicity (no effects on mortality, feed intake, or average daily gain). Similarly, there was no dose-dependent effect on reproductive parameters [egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, ovarian weight, number or weight of large yolky preovulatory follicles, and number of small yellow follicles (4-8 mm in diameter)]. The present data do not suggest that furan fatty acids are a cause of concern to the poultry industry. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdept Toxicol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Anderson, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM llanders@iastate.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1795 EP 1797 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300014 PM 17012171 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Cason, JA Smith, DP Buhr, RJ Fletcher, DL AF Northcutt, J. K. Cason, J. A. Smith, D. P. Buhr, R. J. Fletcher, D. L. TI Broiler carcass bacterial counts after immersion chilling using either a low or high volume of water SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; immersion chilling; carcass contamination; carcass microbiology ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CAMPYLOBACTER; SALMONELLAE; MEAT AB A study was conducted to investigate the bacteriological impact of using different volumes of water during immersion chilling of broiler carcasses. Market-aged broilers were processed, and carcasses were cut into left and right halves along the keel bone immediately after the final bird wash. One half of each carcass pair was individually chilled at 4 degrees C in a separate bag containing either 2.1 L/kg (low) or 16.8 L/kg (high) of distilled water. Carcass halves were submersed in a secondary chill tank containing approximately 150 L of an ice-water mix (0.6 degrees C). After chilling for 45 min, carcass halves were rinsed with 100 mL of sterile water for 1 min. Rinses and chill water were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (APC), Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Campylo-bacter. After chilling with a low volume of water, counts were 3.7, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.1 log(10) cfu/mL of rinse for APC, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Campylobacter, respectively. When a high volume of chill water was used, counts were 3.2,1.7,1.6, and 1.8 log(10) cfu/mL of rinse for APC, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Campylobacter, respectively. There was no difference in bacterial counts per milliliter of chill water among treatments. These results show that using additional water during immersion chilling of inoculated broilers will remove more bacteria from the carcass surfaces, but numbers of bacteria per milliliter in the chiller water will remain constant. The bacteriological impact of using more water during commercial immersion chilling may not be enough to offset economic costs. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1802 EP 1806 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300016 PM 17012173 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Buhr, RJ Hinton, A AF Cason, J. A. Buhr, R. J. Hinton, A., Jr. TI Release of Escherichia coli from feathered and featherless broiler carcasses in warm water SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scalding; Escherichia coli; water; suspended bacteria; feather ID POULTRY CARCASSES; BACTERIAL LOAD; SALMONELLAE; CONTAMINATION; VARIABILITY; RECOVERY; CHICKENS; ABATTOIR; RINSES; TANK AB Release of bacteria from individual broiler carcasses in warm water was measured as a model of bacterial contamination of scald water. Immediately after shackling and electrocution, feathered and genetically featherless broiler carcasses (n = 24 of each) were immersed individually in 42 degrees C, air-agitated tap water for 150 s. Although any visible fecal material expelled as a result of electrocution was removed before sampling, carcass condition was typical for market-age broilers subjected to 12 h of feed withdrawal. Duplicate water samples were taken at 10, 30, 70, 110, and 150 s, and Escherichia coli counts were determined. Samples of initial tap water and contaminated water approximately 2 min after removal of carcasses indicated that E. coli could not be detected in the original water source and that mortality of E. coli in the warm water was negligible. Mean numbers of E. coli released were 6.2 and 5.5 log(10) (cfu/carcass) at 150 s for feathered and featherless carcasses, respectively. For both feathered and featherless carcasses, the rate of release of E. coli was highest in the first 10 s, and the rate declined steadily during the remaining sampling period. This result is compatible with published reports of sampling of operating multiple-tank scalders, indicating that a high proportion of total bacteria in a multiple-tank scalder are in the first scald tank that carcasses enter. Higher numbers of E. coli released from feathered carcasses are probably due to the much greater surface area of contaminated feathers compared with the skin of featherless carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1807 EP 1810 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300017 PM 17012174 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Wesley, IV Tramper, DW Hurd, HS AF Rostagno, M. H. Wesley, I. V. Tramper, D. W. Hurd, H. S. TI Salmonella prevalence in market-age turkeys on-farm and at slaughter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkeys; Salmonella; food safety; epidemiology ID INTESTINAL BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL EXCRETION; CAMPYLOBACTER; INFECTION; ENTERITIDIS; STRESS; WEIGHT AB The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of Salmonella in market-age turkeys on-farm and at slaughter (i.e., before and after feed withdrawal, catching, loading, transportation, and preslaughter holding). Thirty birds were randomly selected from each of 6 commercial turkey flocks scheduled to be loaded and shipped to the abattoir during the evening of the same day. Selected birds were euthanized on the farm, and the cloacal contents, large intestine, crop, ceca, liver and gallbladder, and spleen were aseptically collected. At the abattoir, 30 birds from the same flock were randomly selected from the slaughter line, and the crop, ceca, liver and gallbladder, and spleen were collected for subsequent culture at the laboratory. All flocks studied were positive for Salmonella at slaughter. No statistical difference was found between the overall prevalence on-farm and at,slaughter. At both sampling points, the overall prevalence found was 33.3%. Diverging prevalence estimates were obtained based on the different sample types collected on-farm and at slaughter. In both cases, cecal content samples had the highest relative sensitivity (73.3% on-farm and 68.3% at slaughter). This study demonstrates that the preslaughter practices of feed withdrawal, catching, loading, transportation, and holding do not significantly alter the prevalence of Salmonella in market-age turkeys. Therefore, our results suggest that it may be possible to monitor the Salmonella status of turkey production farms based on samples collected at the abattoir. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rostagno@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1838 EP 1842 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 090FY UT WOS:000240937300021 PM 17012178 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, E. E. TI Two new species of Torymoides Walker (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) from the American southwest, with a key to Nearctic species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Torymoides; Nearctic species AB Two new species of Torymoides are described: T. comicus Grissell and T. tragicus Grissell. Each is illustrated and a key is given to described Nearctic species. The new species have not been reared. but T. comucus may be associated with insects infesting flower heads of Asteraceae or galls on Fabaceae. The new species are reported from Arizona, western Texas, and central Mexico (Michoacan). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), POB 739, Sonoita, AZ 85637 USA. EM egrissell@dtg-llc.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 765 EP 773 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200003 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Jensen, AS AF Miller, Gary L. Jensen, Andrew S. TI Revision of the north American aphid genus Bipersona hottes (Hemiptera : Aphididae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE aphid; thistle; Bipersona torticauda; Bipersona ochrocentri ID HOMOPTERA AB Adult female apterae and alates of the genus Bipersona Hottes are described and illustrated. Bipersona torticauda (Gillette), previously a junior synonym of Bipersona ochrocentri (Cockerell), is now considered a valid species. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bldg 005,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; ajensen@televar.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 793 EP 807 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200006 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Resurrection of the plant bug genus Pappus distant, with clarification of included species (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Miridae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Mirinae; Pappus; Platylygus; new and revised synonymies; new combinations AB The genus Pappus (revised status), with P. sordidus Distant as the type species is resurrected from synonymy under the orthotyline genus Ceratocapsus Reuter, redescribed, transferred to the subfamily Mirinae, tribe Mirini, and shown to be the senior synonym of Platylygus Van Duzee, new synonymy. As a result, the 31 species previously placed in Platylygus represent new combinations in the genus Pappus. Pappus breviceps Osborn and Drake is transferred from the subfamily Orthotylinae, tribe Ceratocapsini, in the genus Ceratocapsus Reuter to the subfamily Mirinae, nominate tribe Mirini, as a member of the genus Tropidosteptes Uhler and as a junior synonym of T fasciatus (Distant), new synonymy. Pappus egens Distant and P. insignis Distant are tentatively retained in the genus Ceratocapsus (Orthotylinae: Ceratocapsini), pending further study; Pappus sordidus and Tropidosteptes fasciatus are redescribed; and a dorsal photograph for each of the four species is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 822 EP 829 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200009 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, John W. TI A new species of Cochylis (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Cochylini) from Argentina: A potential biocontrol agent against pompom weed (Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE neotropics; South Africa; morphology; invasive species; Campuloclinium macrocephalum ID ZOEGANA L LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; AUSTRALIA AB Cochylis campuloclinium, new species, is described and illustrated from Argentina. The new species was discovered during efforts to find biological control agents against pompom weed, Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) D.C. (Asteraceae), a perennial of the New World tropics that recently has invaded South Africa. The new species is similar to C. argentinana Razowski but can be distinguished by the shape of the sacculus in the male genitalia: a hooked-shaped process in C. campuloclinium, a broad, distally excavated plate in C argentinana. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200017 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Wheeler, AG AF Henry, Thomas J. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. TI Redescription and hosts of Melanorhopala infuscata parshley, with notes and new distribution records for M-froeschneri Henry and Wheeler (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Tingidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Tingidae; Melanorhopala; new records; host plants; Campsis radicans; Magnolia AB Some of the least-known North American lace bugs are those that feed mostly on stems of their host plants, such as species of the genus Melanorhopala Stal, rather than on host leaves, as do most other tingids. We cite new state records for the rarely collected M. froeschneri Henry and Wheeler and M. infuscata Parshley and report saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) as the first plant on which nymphs of M. infuscata have been found. Diagnoses and habitus photographs are provided for the adult of both tingid species, and M. infuscata is redescribed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov; awhlr@clemson.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 917 EP 922 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200019 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE Smith, DR AF Grissell, E. E. Smith, David R. TI First report of Acroclisoides Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) in the Western Hemisphere, with description of a new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Pteromalidae; Acroclisoides new species; Western Hemisphere ID CHALCIDOIDEA AB Acroclisoides solus Grissell. and Smith, new species, is the first representative of the genus reported in the Western Hemisphere. Specimens were collected in Hardy County, West Virginia, and Fairfax County, Virginia, USA. The biology of most species of Acroclisoides, including A. solus, is unknown. Of the 13 Eastern Hemisphere species,. six are associated with eggs of Pentatomidae and/or Scutelleridae (Heteroptera), with at least four of these reared as hyperparasitoids of scelionid (Scelionidae: Hymenoptera) primary egg parasitoids. It seems likely that all species of Acroclisoides will be found to be associated with heteropteran eggs, possibly as facultative or obligate hyperparasitoids through primary parasitoid hosts. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), POB 739, Sonoita, AZ 85637 USA. EM egrissell@dtg-llc.com; dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 923 EP 929 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200020 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Etienne, J AF Gagne, Raymond J. Etienne, Jean TI Gephyraulus mangiferae (Felt), n. comb. (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae): A mango pest from India newly recorded from the Western Hemisphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Cecidomyiidae; gall midges; Guadeloupe; mango pest ID INSTARS AB Dasineura mangiferae Felt (n. comb.) transferred here to the genus Gephyraulus, is a cecidomyiid native to India that lives in and destroys the flowers of mango, Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). It is reported here from Guadeloupe, French West Indies, as the first record for the Americas. Adults of both sexes and the pupa and larva are redescribed with illustrations. This gall midge is discriminated from its congeners as well as from Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), a second pest of mango inflorescences from India already in the West Indies and South America. Gephyraulus was previously known only in the Palearctic Region from nine species, all infesting flowers of Brassicaccae. Procystiphora indica Grover and Prasad: from India is also moved to Gephyraulus (n. comb.). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Antilles Guyane, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 930 EP 937 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200021 ER PT J AU Neunzig, HH Solis, MA AF Neunzig, H. H. Solis, M. A. TI New species of Sematoneura, Nevacolima, and Eulogia (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) from Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Phycitinae; taxonomy; neotropical ID CERACANTHIA COMPLEX LEPIDOPTERA; GENUS; RAGONOT; DYAR AB Four new species of phycitines from Costa Rica are described: Sematoneura costaricana, Nevacolima pitilla, Nevacolima georgina, and Eulogia duosigna. Habitus photographs of the four moths, line drawings of the male labial palpus, antenna, and genitalia of all species, and line drawings of the female genitalia of two of the species are included. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neunzig, HH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM h.neunzig@get.net; asolis@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 108 IS 4 BP 953 EP 963 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 097LV UT WOS:000241450200024 ER PT J AU Nigmatullin, RR Nelson, SO AF Nigmatullin, R. R. Nelson, S. O. TI Recognition of the "fractional" kinetics in complex systems: Dielectric properties of fresh fruits and vegetables from 0.01 to 1.8 GHz SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE theory of dielectric relaxation in plant tissues; averaged collective motion in mesoscale region; general decoupling procedure in the Mori-Zwanzig formalism; dielectric permittivity of fresh fruits and vegetables; explanation of Jonscher's "universal" response ID SIMPLE-MODEL; RELAXATION; PERMITTIVITIES; DERIVATIVES; EQUATIONS; WATER AB Based on the new theoretical approach and the self-consistent iteration procedure for calculating the limiting values (epsilon(infinity) and E(0)) of the frequency-dependent permittivity, it becomes possible to recognize the fitting function for the function epsilon(j omega) measured for a complex system representing plant tissues of fresh fruits and vegetables in the frequency range (10(7)-1.8 x 10(9) Hz). The recognized fitting function is common for all of a set of nine fruits and vegetables (apple, avocado, banana, cantaloupe, carrot, cucumber, grape, orange, and potato) and contains seven fitting parameters. These parameters are varied for different fruits and vegetables, and their behavior with respect to temperature is different but nevertheless exhibits some common features. This fitting function containing power-law exponents and confirming the existence of relaxation processes described in terms of fractional kinetic equations for some complex biological systems can be used for practical purposes to construct a desired calibration curve with respect to quality factors, as for example, moisture content or degree of maturity. The discovered common "universality" in dielectric behavior of such complex materials as plant tissues opens a possibility to use dielectric spectroscopy as a nondestructive method of control in analysis of electrical behavior (measured in the form of complex permittivity or impedance) for other complex materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nigmatullin, RR (reprint author), Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia. EM nigmat@knet.ru NR 30 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 86 IS 10 BP 2744 EP 2759 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.02.018 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 068HL UT WOS:000239363900022 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZG Jiang, K Davies, GJ Li, GR Yin, QR Sheng, S AF Zhu, Zhigang Jiang, Kyle Davies, Graham J. Li, Guorong Yin, Qingrui Sheng, Suzie TI Dielectric relaxation behavior in Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O-3-Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3 systems SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BISMUTH TITANATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; CERAMICS; FERROELECTRICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLARIZATION; LA AB A study of the relaxor behavior of xPb(Mn1/3Sb2/3) O-3 -(1 - x) Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48) O-3 (PMS - PZT) ( x = 0.05 - 0.15) ceramics is presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all samples displayed a single-phase perovskite structure. Two mechanisms might explain the relaxor behavior in xPMS -(1 - x) PZT systems. One is attributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of B sites in the ABO(3) perovskite structure and the other is attributed to the defect relaxation related to oxygen vacancies. The electric conductivity of PMS - PZT ceramics increased with the increase of PMS content, indicating that the concentration of carriers increased with the increase in doping content. Annealing the as-sintered PMS - PZT ceramics under oxygen atmosphere significantly lowered their DC conductivities. This phenomenon was attributed to the reduction of oxygen-vacancy concentration. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Engn, Microengn & Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zhu, ZG (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Engn, Microengn & Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM Zhu_zg1977@yahoo.com.cn RI Zhu, Zhigang/F-3059-2012 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1249 EP 1254 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/15/5/013 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 098KX UT WOS:000241520500013 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, Sally D. TI Uncertainty effects on soil electrical conductivity and permittivity spectra SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric spectra; electrical conductivity; aggregate size; soil water ID DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS; WATER-CONTENT; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; ACCURACY; TDR AB Soil permittivity and electrical conductivity values are usually reported without error bars, which limits comparisons among different studies using different equipment. Uncertainty in measured permittivity spectra could be due to the measurement system (hardware) or sample-to-sample variation. There is also uncertainty in parameters fitted from the spectra. The objective of this study was to determine the measurement uncertainty on permittivity and electrical conductivity spectra. Uncertainty related to fitting parameters, instrument, aggregate size, density, and soil were considered. Different aggregate sizes of three soils were packed into a truncated coaxial cell. Electrical conductivity and permittivity spectra were calculated from reflection scattering parameter, S-11, measured by a vector network analyzer. Measurement uncertainty was around 10 times greater than fitting uncertainty, and one-third to three-fourths that of sample-to-sample uncertainty. The square root of the apparent permittivity significantly related most strongly with soil water content but also with soil differences (bound water) and bulk density (partial R-2 of 0.71-0.74, 0.09, and 0.03-0.04). Derived direct current electrical conductivity was also significantly related to soil water content, bound water content, and bulk density, but also to aggregate size (partial R-2 of 0.53-0.54, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02). Derived direct current electrical conductivity leveled off at low water contents, thus providing a "cutoff" water content. The cutoff water content was significantly related to bound water and aggregate size. The effect of aggregate size on electrical conductivity spectra and derived factors, although significant, was small compared with water content effects. The greatest variation was sample to sample within a soil and among soils. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 BP 737 EP 746 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000230129.24513.fe PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097LK UT WOS:000241448900001 ER PT J AU Asanzi, C Kiala, D Cesar, J Lyvers, K Querido, A Smith, C Yost, RS AF Asanzi, Chris Kiala, David Cesar, Joaquim Lyvers, Kenneth Querido, Antonio Smith, Chris Yost, R. S. TI Food production in the planalto of Southern Angola SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Angola; site-specific nutrient management; nutrient decision aids; potato; maize; famine; prevention AB Angola is recovering from nearly 30 years of war that has left the country without food, education, and economic means. The ProPlanalto Project of WorldVision, Chevron-Texaco, US Agency for International Development, and three Angolan institutions (The Agricultural Research Service, Instituto de Investigacoes Agronomicas; the Agricultural University, Agostinho Neto University, and the Extension Service, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agronomica) was organized to begin the restoration of the highly successful prewar agricultural production systems to end the famine that has struck many Angolan families and households. Modern varieties of maize, potato, and beans were brought in, local seed producers were found, fertilizer experiments were conducted, and a soils laboratory was constructed, furnished, equipped, and supplied. A goal of the Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program intervention was to assist in this restoration by illustrating and training in the use of information technologies and participatory development to improve the provision and management of nutrients and fertilizers. Information technology tools, such as decision aids and geospatial analysis, were introduced. Participatory methods of using soil test kits, farmer-to-farmer visits, and farmer empowerment were used to used to illustrate that the country and its scientists can leapfrog into use of current technology and knowledge management skills if they so choose. Maize yields of up to 9000 kg ha(-1) and potato yields as high as 16,000 kg ha(-1) were obtained under ideal conditions. Indications are that irrigation is available during the dry season, potentially providing sustainable water supply for year-round irrigation. Soils from the experimental sites were characterized using Soil Taxonomy to facilitate sharing of production system technology and expertise. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Soil Management Collaborat Res Support Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Agrarias Agostinho Neto Uni, Fac Ciencias, Huambo, Angola. Inst Invest Agron, Luanda, Angola. US Agcy Int Dev, Luanda, Angola. USDA, Nat Resource & Conservat Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. World Vis, Luanda, Angola. RP Yost, RS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Soil Management Collaborat Res Support Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rsyost@hawaii.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 BP 810 EP 820 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228054.15710.5a PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 097LK UT WOS:000241448900008 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Doorenbos, RK Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Doorenbos, Russell K. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Structures and functional properties of starch from seeds of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE soybean; starch structure; starch function; amylose; amylopectin; Glycine max; edamame ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; BETA-AMYLASE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; MAIZE STARCH; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PASTING PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR ORDER; WHEAT STARCHES AB Structures and functional properties of starch from high-protein, lipoxygenase-free and low-linolenic acid soybean variety seeds collected 20 d prior to harvest were investigated. Soybean starches exhibit CB-type X-ray diffraction patterns, and granule diameters were very small (0.7 to 4 mu m). Soybeans, 20 d priorto harvest contained 10.9-11.7% starch (dry basis). Apparent amylose content was 19-22% and absolute amylose content was 11.8-16.2%. Amylopectin weight-average molar mass ranged from 5.1 to 11.3 x 10(8) g/mol. Amylopectin average branch chain-length, determined by anion-exchange chromatography with an amyloglucosidase post-column and pulsed amperometric detector, was very short relative to other starches (20.4-20.9). Onset gelatinization temperature ranged from 52-54 degrees C, and Delta H was 12-13 J/g. Paste viscosity was low relative to other starches, especially peak (81-93 RVU) and final (93-106 RVU) viscosity. The apparent amylose content of the low-linolenic acid soybean starch was significantly higher than that of high-protein soybean starch, and absolute amylose content of low-linolenic acid soybean starch was significantly higher than that of lipoxygenase-free soybean starch. Based on our results, investigations on whether soybeans with different fatty acid oil composition have different starch structures would be worthwhile. Field replicates for each soybean variety exhibited high variation in starch characteristics, with further differences in starch structures and functional properties likely to be determined once variation is minimized. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 71 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 2006 VL 58 IS 10 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1002/star.200600534 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 097XU UT WOS:000241483900002 ER PT J AU Wang, L Scheffler, BE Willett, KL AF Wang, Lu Scheffler, Brian E. Willett, Kristine L. TI CYP1C1 messenger RNA expression is inducible by benzo[a]pyrene in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos and adults SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CYP1C1; cytochrome P450; benzo[a]pyrene; killifish; embryos; Fundulus ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; XENOBIOTIC-METABOLIZING ENZYMES; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450 1B1; ALTERED GENE-EXPRESSION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; MARINE TELEOST AB CYP1C is the newest member of the CYP1 family of P450s; however, its physiological significance, inducers, and metabolic functions are unknown. Two full-length alleles of Fundulus heteroclitus CYP1C1 complementary DNA were cloned. The 529 amino acid protein shared the highest amino acid identity with Stenotomus chrysops CYP1C1 (81%). To investigate whether the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was a CYP1C1 inducer, we used real-time PCR to quantitatively measure tissue- and sex-specific expression of both CYP1C1 and CYP1A messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in BaP-exposed adult fish. CYP1C1 mRNA expression was constitutively higher than CYP1A in brain, spleen, eye, and gonad, while CYP1A was higher in gastrointestinal tract (GI), heart, gill, and liver. Kidney had equal but high expression of both CYP1s. There were sex differences in constitutive CYP1 expression in the GI, liver, gill, and eye. BaP exposure caused induction of CYP1C1 expression in female and male heart (31- and 17-fold), gill (seven- and four-fold), and liver (six- and five-fold), respectively. Embryo CYP1 expression was constitutively highest at 2 weeks posthatch, and whole embryos expressed 3- to 15-fold more CYP1C1 mRNA compared to CYP1A. BaP, 10 mu g/l for 10 days, caused induction of both genes at 120 and 240 h postfertilization. Our results suggest that teleost CYP1C, in addition to CYP1A, is inducible by BaP, has a broad tissue distribution, and should be further investigated for its role in carcinogen bioactivation. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA, Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Willett, KL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, 315 Faser Hall,Box 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kwillett@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016476, RR016476]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012710, R01ES012710] NR 46 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl/072 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 084NM UT WOS:000240540000010 PM 16873418 ER PT J AU Cline, M Yoders, M Desai, D Harrington, C Carlson, W AF Cline, Morris Yoders, Mark Desai, Dipti Harrington, Constance Carlson, William TI Hormonal control of second flushing in Douglas-fir shoots SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apical dominance; auxin; branching; cytokinin; defoliation; lateral and terminal bud outgrowth; spring flushing; terminal shoot ID APICAL DOMINANCE; BUD DEVELOPMENT; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ABSCISIC-ACID; WOODY-PLANTS; CYTOKININ; AUXIN; GROWTH; REAPPRAISAL AB Spring-flushing, over-wintered buds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) produce new buds that may follow various developmental pathways. These include second flushing in early summer or dormancy before flushing during the following spring. Second flushing usually entails an initial release of apical dominance as some of the current-season upper lateral buds grow out. Four hypotheses concerning control of current bud outgrowth in spring-flushing shoots were tested: (1) apically derived auxin in the terminal spring-flushing shoot suppresses lateral bud outgrowth (second flushing); (2) cytokinin (0.5 mM benzyladenine) spray treatments given midway through the spring flush period induce bud formation; (3) similar cytokinin spray treatments induce the outgrowth of existing current lateral buds; and (4) defoliation of the terminal spring-flushing shoot promotes second flushing. Hypothesis 1 was supported by data demonstrating that decapitation-released apical dominance was completely restored by treatment with exogenous auxin (22.5 or 45 mM naphthalene acetic acid) (Thimann-Skoog test). Hypothesis 2 was marginally supported by a small, but significant increase in bud number; and Hypothesis 3 was strongly supported by a large increase in the number of outgrowing buds following cytokinin applications. Defoliation produced similar results to cytokinin application. We conclude that auxin and cytokinin play important repressive and promotive roles, respectively, in the control of second flushing in the terminal spring-flushing Douglas-fir shoot. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Cell & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Weyerhaeuser, Propagat Higher Valued Trees, Olympia, WA 98001 USA. RP Cline, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Cell & Mol Biol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cline.5@osu.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1375 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 094TN UT WOS:000241262000013 PM 16815839 ER PT J AU DiCosty, RJ Callaham, MA Stanturf, JA AF DiCosty, Ralph J. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Stanturf, John A. TI Atmospheric deposition and re-emission of mercury estimated in a prescribed forest-fire experiment in Florida, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE forest soil; mercury deposition; mercury emission; podzol; prescribed fire; spodosol ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; SOILS; TRENDS; UPLAND; STATES AB Prescribed fires are likely to re-emit atmospherically deposited mercury (Hg), and comparison of soil Hg storage in areas affected by prescribed fire to that in similar unburned areas may provide cross-validating estimates of atmospheric Hg deposition. Prescribed fires are common in the southeastern United States (US), a region of relatively high Hg deposition compared to the rest of the US, and are thus a potentially significant source of re-emitted atmospheric Hg. Accordingly, Hg was determined in soil layers of a prescribed fire experiment in a Florida longleaf pine forest. The Hg deficit in the annually burned forest floor relative to the forest floor unburned for 46 years (0.180 g ha(-1)yr(-1)) agreed to within 5% of an independent estimate of Hg deposition for this site based on a regional monitoring network and computer model (0.171 g ha(-1)yr(-1)). Consideration of other potential inputs and outputs of Hg suggested that atmospheric deposition was the primary input of Hg to the site. If extrapolated, these results suggest that prescribed fires in the southeastern US mainly re-emit atmospherically deposited Hg and that this re-emission is less than 1% of total US anthropogenic emissions. However, emissions at other sites may vary due to the possible presence of Hg in underlying geological strata and differences in fire regime and levels of atmospheric Hg deposition. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP DiCosty, RJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. EM rdicosty@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1-4 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9149-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 081LB UT WOS:000240318000007 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Yan, WG Rutger, JN AF Gealy, David R. Yan, Wengui Rutger, J. Neil TI Red rice (Oryza sativa) plant types affect growth, coloration, and flowering characteristics of first- and second-generation crosses with rice SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecotype; biotype; gene flow; gene segregation; hybrid; outcrossing; phenotypic traits; rice; red rice; weedy rice ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT RICE; HYBRID POPULATIONS; CULTIVATED RICE; GENE FLOW; WEED; DORMANCY AB Red rice is a major weed of rice in the southern U.S. and can intercross with rice. Knowledge of the plant phenotypes from such crosses would be valuable for identification and management of these plants. Male-sterile long-grain tropical Japonicas 'Kaybonnet-1789' and 'Cypress-1819' were crossed with two awned and two awnless U.S. red rice types. F-1 plants produced pubescent leaves, red pericarp, and medium-grain seeds. Crosses involving awned LA3 and TX4 red rice produced F-1 plants with reddish-purple basal leaf sheaths and usually flowered within the same time periods as the parents, whereas those involving awnless StgS red rice had green basal leaf sheaths, flowered much later than either parent, and produced awnless F-1 and F-2 offspring. Crosses involving awned red rice produced F-1 plants with long awns and F-2 plants with awns ranging in length from zero to that of red rice parents. F-1 plants were taller than either parent and produced intermediate culm angles similar to red rice, whereas F-2 plants had culms ranging from erect (like rice) to more open than red rice. Thus, true F-1 hybrids from crosses between pure breeding (homozygous) rice and red rice can be positively identified by a combination of traits including pubescent leaves, medium-grain seeds with red pericarps, open plant types, and heights greater than the red rice parent. F-1 hybrids may be awned or awnless, have purple or green stems, or have normal or delayed heading. F-2 plants have a broad combination of phenotypic traits found in both parents and F-1 hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bunpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bunpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dgealy@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1614/WT-05-066.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 126EY UT WOS:000243496200003 ER PT J AU Fisher, LR Burke, IC Price, AJ Smith, WD Wilcut, JW AF Fisher, Loren R. Burke, Ian C. Price, Andrew J. Smith, W. David Wilcut, John W. TI Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of root absorbed sulfentrazone and sulfentrazone plus clomazone in flue-cured tobacco transplants SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enhanced metabolism; safening; tolerance ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED-CONTROL; PEANUT AB Research was conducted to evaluate root uptake, translocation, and metabolism of C-14-sulfentrazone alone or in a mixture with clomazone in solution in flue-cured tobacco transplants. Uptake and translocation of sulfentrazone was rapid and was not affected by the addition of clomazone. Fifty-nine and 65% of the C-14 absorbed by the plant was translocated to the leaves within 24 h with sulfentrazone alone and in the clomazone plus sulfentrazone mixture, respectively. Differences in plant metabolism were observed between sulfentrazone alone and sulfentrazone plus clomazone. After 3 h, 66% of the C-14 recovered from the leaves was metabolized when sulfentrazone was applied alone, compared to 91% when sulfentrazone was applied with clomazone. The difference could indicate that metabolism of sulfentrazone by tobacco transplants was enhanced by the presence of clomazone. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Fisher, LR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM loren_fisher@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 898 EP 902 DI 10.1614/WT-05-182.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 126EY UT WOS:000243496200011 ER PT J AU Boyd, NS Brennan, EB Fennimore, SA AF Boyd, Nathan S. Brennan, Eric B. Fennimore, Steve A. TI Stale seedbed techniques for organic vegetable production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flaming; cultivation; weed emergence; irrigation; stale seedbeds; vegetables ID WEED MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOIL; EMERGENCE; MATTER; DEPTH AB Weed control in organic vegetable production systems is challenging and accounts for a large portion of production costs. Six methods to prepare a stale seedbed were compared on certified and transitional organic land in Salinas, CA, in 2004. Weed control operations occurred on raised beds 2 to 3 d before planting baby spinach or a simulated vegetable planting. A flamer and an herbicide application of 10% v/v of a clove oil mixture (45% v/v clove oil) at 280 L/ha (iteration 1) or 15% v/v of a clove oil mixture (45% clove oil) at 467 L/ha (iterations 2 and 3) were used to control weeds without disturbing the soil. Top knives on a sled, a rolling cultivator, and a rotary hoe were used to control weeds while tilling the bed top. A bed shaper-rototiller combination was also used, which tilled the entire bed. Broadleaf weed control was 36% with clove oil, 63% with the rotary hoe, and significantly higher (87 to 100% control) with the remaining treatments in iteration 1. Broadleaf weed control was consistently lower (72 to 86% control) with the flamer than all other treatments (95 to 100% control) in iterations 2 and 3. The difference between sites can probably be attributed to differences in weed size. The flamer and the clove oil herbicide had the lowest number of weeds emerging with the crop following stale seedbed formation. The most expensive technique was clove oil at $1,372/ha. The estimated cost of forming the stale seedbed with the remaining weed management tools ranged from $10 to $43/ha. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93906 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93906 USA. RP Boyd, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93906 USA. EM nboyd@nsac.ca NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1057 DI 10.1614/WT-05-109.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 126EY UT WOS:000243496200033 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Garman, SL Ross, DW AF Dodds, Kevin J. Garman, Steven L. Ross, Darrell W. TI Risk rating systems for the Douglas-fir beetle in the interior western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; risk rating; Pseudotsuga menziesii; spatial analysis; Scolytidae ID PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; HAZARD; INFESTATION; SCOLYTIDAE; STANDS AB Douglas-fir beetle (DFB), Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, risk rating systems were developed for four USDA Forest Service ranger districts in northern Idaho. Risk rating systems were developed using a geographic information system, USDA Forest Service aerial detection survey maps, and nearest neighbor distances. Years where epidemic populations of DFB occurred over the four ranger districts were selected and risk rating systems were developed for each district. Nearest neighbor distances for between-year (t + 1) and between-2-year (t + 2) infestations were measured. Percentiles of nearest neighbor distances were determined and used to estimate distances at which 50, 75, and 90% of infestations occurred. On average, there was a 50% chance of an infestation occurring within 176 in from previous year infestations, 75% chance from within 517 m, and 90% chance from within 1,188 m. The between-2-year risk rating determined that there is a 50% chance of infestation occurring on average within 249 m, 75% within 627 m, and 90% within 1,332 m from infestations that occurred 2 years earlier. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham Field Off, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03820 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us; Steven_Garman@nps.gov; Darrell.Ross@oregonstate.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095OS UT WOS:000241317900001 ER PT J AU Filip, GM Schmitt, CL Chadwick, KL AF Filip, Gregory M. Schmitt, Craig L. Chadwick, Kristen L. TI Incidence of Heterobasidion annosum in mixed-conifer natural regeneration surrounding large true fir stumps 20-25 years after harvesting in northeastern Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE annosus root disease; stain and decay; seed tree and selection harvesting; grand fir; subalpine fir; Douglas-fir; Engelmann spruce; boron; Umatilla National Forest ID EASTERN OREGON; ROOT DISEASE; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; WASHINGTON; INFECTION AB High-elevation true fir stands on federal lands have a long history of selective harvesting. In 1989 a high frequency (89%) of Heterobasidion annosum, the cause of annosus root disease, was found in residual true fir stumps (mean, 20-in. diameter) cut 5-9 years earlier in northeast Oregon. In 2004, H. annosum was found at the stump surface of 29% of the natural conifer regeneration (mean, 18 years) within 20 ft of infected residual stumps. A total of 16 of 122 (13%) live saplings had H. annosum-caused stain or decay. Only 3% of 126 sample trees, however, were dead and infected by H. annosum. Infection was confirmed in 62% of decayed trees, 33% of stained trees, and 22% of trees with no visible stain or decay at the stump surface. Only 3 of 122 living saplings showed typical root disease crown symptoms (chlorosis), but only one of these had H. annosum. Only I of 16 live saplings with H. annosum-caused stain or decay was chlorotic. Incidence of infection was 44% in Engelmann spruce (7 of 16 trees), 31% in Douglas-fir (5 of 16 trees), 31% in subalpine fir (4 of 13 trees), and 27% in grand fir (21 of 77 trees). The S-type of H. annosum was confirmed in a sampled grand fir. There were no significant differences between H. annosum-infected and apparently healthy trees regarding live crown ratio and distance from infected residual stumps. Infected trees, however, were significantly (P = 0.025) larger in diameter than apparently healthy trees. The dynamics of H. annosum infection in spruce and Douglas-fir in northeast Oregon are discussed as well as treating true fir stumps with boron-containing products to prevent stump infection by H. annosum. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Blue Mt Pest Management Serv Ctr, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Cent Oregon Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Filip, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM gmfilip@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 178 EP 184 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095OS UT WOS:000241317900002 ER PT J AU Calkin, D Gebert, K AF Calkin, David Gebert, Krista TI Modeling fuel treatment costs on forest service lands in the western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fuel treatments; prescribed burning; economics ID PRESCRIBED BURNING COSTS AB Years of successful fire suppression have led to high fuel loads on the nation's forests, and steps are being taken by the nation's land management agencies to reduce these fuel loads. However, to achieve desired outcomes in a fiscally responsible manner, the cost and effectiveness in reducing losses due to wildland fire of different fuel treatments in different forest settings must be understood. Currently, prioritizing fuel treatment activities and planning budget expenditures is limited by a lack of accurate cost data. The primary objective of this research was to develop regression models that may be used to estimate the cost of hazardous fuel reduction treatments based on USDA Forest Service Region, biophysical setting, treatment type, and design. A survey instrument was used to obtain activity-specific information directly from fire management officers at Forest Service Ranger Districts for treatments occurring between 2001 and 2003. For both prescribed burns and mechanical activities, treatment size described the largest amount of variation in cost per acre, with increased size reducing cost per acre, on average. We confirmed that data on Forest Service fuel treatment activities maintained in the National Fire Plan Operations and Reporting System were not sufficiently accurate for reasonable cost analysis and modeling. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Calkin, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us; kgebert@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095OS UT WOS:000241317900007 ER PT J AU Wing, MG Karsky, R AF Wing, Michael G. Karsky, Richard TI Standard and real-time accuracy and reliability of a mapping-grade GPS in a coniferous western Oregon forest SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE geospatial measurement technology; GPS; mapping ID SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY; POINT ACCURACY; CANOPY; FIELD AB Accuracy requirements for forested resource measurements can vary greatly depending on analysis and management objectives. Technologies that present efficiencies for reliable measurement collection may help organizations better meet data requirements. We tested the accuracy and reliability of a mapping-grade GPS in a variety of forested conditions in western Oregon. Our objectives were to measure the performance of a GPS operating in a standard configuration and also with real-time US Coast Guard Beacon signals. We also examined the influence of postfield differential corrections and the number of GPS points collected on measurement accuracy and reliability. We found measurement accuracies between I and 4 m from true position depending on the amount of canopy closure and the type of GPS configuration. Our results indicated that both standard-mode GPS and US Coast Guard Beacon signals can produce very accurate measurements in open-canopy conditions but are less reliable in young-forest conditions. Post-processing of field measurements generally yielded improved measurements in young-forest settings but led to slightly reduced accuracies for US Coast Guard Beacon data collected in open-canopy settings. Our results also indicated that collecting a greater number of points does not necessarily lead to improved measurement accuracies. C1 Oregon State Univ, Forest Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, MTDC, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Wing, MG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Forest Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.wing@oregonstate.edu; rkarsky@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 222 EP 227 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 095OS UT WOS:000241317900008 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DN Norton, U Derner, JD Reeder, JD AF Blumenthal, Dana N. Norton, Urszula Derner, Justin D. Reeder, Jean D. TI Long-term effects of tebuthiuron on Bromus tectorum SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE bare ground; cheatgrass; downy brome; invasion; land management; nitrogen; NO3; resources; sagebrush thinning; water; weed ID SAGEBRUSH-GRASS RANGE; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ARTEMISIA; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; STEPPE; PLANT; SOILS AB Use of herbicides to thin dense stands of Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) can free tip resources for herbaceous plants and increase forage production, but may also facilitate weed invasion. We revisited a sagebrush thinning experiment in a north central Wyoming big sagebrush-grassland 11 years after application of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-N'-dimethylurea) to determine the long-term responses of shrubs, available soil resources, perennial grasses, and Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome). Tebuthiuron reduced shrub cover by more than half, from 31% in untreated plots to 15% in treated plots (P = 0.002), and increased downy brome cover approximately 4-fold, from 0.9% in untreated plots to 3.5% in treated plots (P = 0.02). Treatment with tebuthiuron also resulted in marginally significant increases in cover of perennial grasses (from 9% to 12.3%; P = 0.07) and bare ground (from 39.1% to 43.9%; P = 0.08). In comparisons of resource availability among microsites, available NO3 was higher under dead sagebrush than under live sagebrush (P = 0.03). No significant differences in soil water content were detected. The relatively recent expansion of downy brome populations at this site and the high NO3-N levels observed under dead sagebrush suggest that conditions facilitating downy brome invasion may persist for many years following sagebrush thinning. We demonstrate that sagebrush thinning can cause increases in downy brome populations years after initial treatment and suggest that managers should use caution when considering thinning sagebrush if downy brome is present, even if initial populations are small. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Chayenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Blumenthal, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dana.blumenthal@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[420:LEOTOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122HV UT WOS:000243217500002 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JA Squires, JR AF Kolbe, Jay A. Squires, John R. TI A longevity record for canada lynx, Lynx canadensis, in Western Montana SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; Lynx canadensis; longevity; demography ID POPULATION C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Kolbe, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jaykolbe@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[535:ALRFCL]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122HV UT WOS:000243217500015 ER PT J AU Hunt, JF Gu, HM AF Hunt, John F. Gu, Hongmei TI Two-dimensional finite element heat transfer model of softwood. Part 1. Effective thermal conductivity SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; transient heat transfer; cellular characteristics; porosity; thermal conductivity AB The anisotropy of wood complicates solution of heat and mass transfer problems that require analyses be based on fundamental material properties of the wood structure. Most heat transfer models use average thermal properties across either the radial or tangential direction and do not differentiate the effects of cellular alignment, earlywood/latewood differences, or ring orientation. A model that considers these basic structural characteristics would be more accurate than most models in the literature, which do not consider the anatomical structure of wood. The two-dimensional finite element model described here was developed to determine the effective thermal conductivity as a function of cell alignment and cell porosity by modeling the softwood cell structure in either a pure radial or pure tangential orientation. This paper presents the results predicted from the cellular model, from which a new nonlinear regression equation for radial or tangential effective thermal conductivities is determined as a function of density (porosity). The results will be applied to a two-dimensional softwood board model for transient thermal analysis (Part II). Subsequent papers in this series apply and adapt this model to various lumber orientation and sizes and to wood at various moisture contents (Part III and IV). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jfhunt@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 592 EP 598 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900004 ER PT J AU Gu, HM Hunt, JF AF Gu, Hongmei Hunt, John F. TI Two-dimensional finite element heat transfer model of softwood. Part II. Macrostructural effects SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; transient heat transfer; ring orientation; earlywood/latewood ratio; density; thermal conductivity AB A two-dimensional finite element model was used to study the effects of structural features on transient heat transfer in softwood lumber with various orientations. Transient core temperature was modeled for lumber samples "cut" from various locations within a simulated log. The effects of ring orientation, earlywood to latewood (E/L) ratio, and ring density were related to transient heat transfer. Quartersawn lumber was predicted to have a higher heat transfer rate than that of plainsawn lumber, and lumber containing pith may have a lower heat transfer rate than peripheral lumber. The model predicts that the denser the wood material, the slower the transient core temperature response. The effects of heat transfer and thermal storage (thermal diffusivity) are discussed. The two-dimensional finite element model is useful for studying transient heat flow in softwood lumber cut from any location in a log. The development of the model is described in Part I of this series. Part III addresses the effects of moisture content on thermal conductivity. Part IV addresses the effects of moisture content on and transient heat transfer in lumber. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Gu, HM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM hgu@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 599 EP 608 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900005 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Shupe, T Woodward, B Crawford, D Via, B Hatfield, C AF Lebow, Stan Shupe, Todd Woodward, Bessie Crawford, Douglas Via, Brian Hatfield, Cherilyn TI Formosan and native subterranean termite attack of pressure-treated SPF wood species exposed in Louisiana SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE borates; CCA; Formosan subterranean termites; Louisiana; native subterranean termites; penetration; retention; shell treatment; SPF ID CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE; DOUGLAS-FIR; RESISTANCE; CCA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; TREATABILITY; ISOPTERA; LUMBER AB This study evaluated the relative ability of three types of wood preservatives to inhibit attack by Formosan subterranean termites (FST) (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) and native subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.). The study also evaluated the roles of preservative retention and penetration in preventing termite damage. Sections of boards from six wood species within the Spruce-Pine-Fir species group were pressure-treated with one of four concentrations of a borax-copper (BC) preservative composed of 93% borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) and 7% technical copper hydroxide or one concentration of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) or chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Specimens were cut after treatment, exposing untreated end-grain in specimens not completely penetrated by preservative. The specimens were exposed above-ground, protected from the weather, at a site with populations of both native and FST near Lake Charles, Louisiana. Specimens were rated for extent of termite attack after 6, 12, and 24 months of exposure. Attack by FST was more severe than that by native termites for all preservative treatments, although this difference was less obvious at higher preservative retentions. For all treatments, termites preferred to attack the center of the end-grain of the specimens where preservative was either absent or at a lower concentration. However, CCA, which had the lowest overall penetration, was more effective than either borate preservative in preventing attack, whereas some DOT- and BC-treated specimens suffered attack even with what appeared to be complete boron penetration. These results indicate that the efficacy of shell treatments in preventing termite attack is a function of the type of preservative. The BC wood preservative protected wood from both native and Formosan termite attack at B2O3 concentrations equivalent to or lower than that of DOT treatments. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Pacific Technol Ctr, Franklin, TN 37067 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 609 EP 620 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900006 ER PT J AU Piao, C Shupe, TF Tang, RC Hse, CY AF Piao, Cheng Shupe, Todd F. Tang, R. C. Hse, Chung Y. TI Mechanical properties of small-scale laminated wood composite poles: Effects of taper and webs SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantilevered static bending; mechanical properties; taper; wood poles ID TIMBER AB Laminated hollow wood composite poles represent an efficient utilization of the timber resource and a promising alternative for solid wood poles that are commonly used in the power transmission and telecommunication lines. The objective of this study was to improve the performance of composite poles by introducing the bio-mimicry concept into the design of hollow wood composite poles. Five laminated hollow wood composite poles with taper and plywood-made webs, acting like the nodes in the bamboo, were made and tested in cantilevered static bending. Results indicated that node-like webs had a positive effect on the integrity, static bending properties, and shear resistance of the members tested, and their strength performance is comparable to that of the solid wood composite poles. However, the laminated hollow wood composite poles with taper showed slightly lower resistance to horizontal shear as compared to the members without taper. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900008 ER PT J AU Thomas, L Mili, L Thomas, E Shaffer, CA AF Thomas, Liya Mili, Lamine Thomas, Edward Shaffer, Clifford A. TI Defect detection on hardwood logs using laser scanning SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer vision; defect detection; robust estimation method; scanning log laser ID INTERNAL DEFECTS; LUMBER AB To improve the sawyer's ability to process hardwood logs and stems, and thereby generate a higher valued product, automated detection methods of external defects have been developed and successfully tested on a large collection of real log samples. Since external defects provide hints about internal log characteristics, the location, type, and severity of external defects are the primary indicators, of overall hardwood log quality and value. Using a high-resolution laser log scanner supplied by Perceptron, 162 red oak and yellow-poplar logs were scanned and digitally photographed. By means of 2-D circles fitted using a robust estimation method, a residual image is extracted from the laser scan data. Other robust fitting Methods, such as ellipse and cylinder fitting, also. are examined and their performance is evaluated. Our investigation reveals that the residuals, which are defined as. the radial distances between, the data points and the fitted curves. or surfaces, provide valuable information about defects exhibiting height differentiation from the log surface. In other words, the log "skins" in the residual images show most bark texture features and surface characteristics, of the original log or stem.. Based on the contour levels estimated from a residual image, the developed methods allow us to detect most severe defects using a combination of simple shape definition, rules with the height map. Less significant, yet severe. defects are pinpointed using a shape profile. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Thomas, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 682 EP 695 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900012 ER PT J AU Via, BK Eckhardt, LG So, CL Shupe, TF Groom, LH Stine, M AF Via, Brian K. Eckhardt, Lori G. So, Chi-Leung Shupe, Todd F. Groom, Leslie H. Stine, Michael TI The response of visible/near infrared absorbance to wood-staining fungi SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blue stain; fungus; Leptographium; melanin; modeling; NIR; Ophiostoino; pine; sapstain; spectra ID FERTILIZED NORWAY SPRUCE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR; COLORING MATTER; RESIN ACIDS; PINE; NITROGEN; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY AB The influence of blue-stain fungi [Ophiostoma minus (Hedgeock) H. and P. Sydow and Leptogrophium serpens (Goid.) Siemaszko] on absorbance at the visible and near infrared wavelengths was investigated. Forty trees were sampled at breast height from longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). One half of each increment core was inoculated with one of two fungi treatments while the other half served as a control. Visible and near infrared spectra were acquired between rings 3-40 for the stained and control-clear wood samples (n = 304). Absorbance was greater for the stained than the control wood at wavelengths between 464 to 1334 nm. Statistical techniques were applied to the NIR data to determine which wavelengths, and their corresponding chemical assignments, were most affected by the fungi. First and 2(nd) derivative pretreatments to the original spectra resulted in some blue-stain sensitive wavelengths throughout the 350 to 2500 nm range, some of which are associated with nitrogen in the melanin present in blue stain. However, for the 2(nd) derivative pretreatment, the stained wood exhibited a different signal to noise ratio than the control wood, and thus the pretreatment method should be used with vigilance. For the raw, 1(st) and 2(nd) derivatives, the absorbance of L. serpens (n = 164) significantly differed from O. minus (n = 140) between 424-554 nm. The results of this study are important because the absorbance at visible and NIR wavelengths may be used to classify stained wood. C1 Louisiana Pacific Technol Ctr, Franklin, TN 37067 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Via, BK (reprint author), Louisiana Pacific Technol Ctr, Franklin, TN 37067 USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 4 BP 717 EP 726 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 101LI UT WOS:000241741900014 ER PT J AU Bausher, MG Singh, ND Lee, SB Jansen, RK Daniell, H AF Bausher, Michael G. Singh, Nameirakpam D. Lee, Seung-Bum Jansen, Robert K. Daniell, Henry TI The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var 'Ridge Pineapple': organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASAL ANGIOSPERM; TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS; EXPRESSION; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; AMBORELLA; PLANTS; EVOLUTION; NUCLEUS; PROTEIN AB Background: The production of Citrus, the largest fruit crop of international economic value, has recently been imperiled due to the introduction of the bacterial disease Citrus canker. No significant improvements have been made to combat this disease by plant breeding and nuclear transgenic approaches. Chloroplast genetic engineering has a number of advantages over nuclear transformation; it not only increases transgene expression but also facilitates transgene containment, which is one of the major impediments for development of transgenic trees. We have sequenced the Citrus chloroplast genome to facilitate genetic improvement of this crop and to assess phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms. Results: The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis is 160,129 bp in length, and contains 133 genes (89 protein-coding, 4 rRNAs and 30 distinct tRNAs). Genome organization is very similar to the inferred ancestral angiosperm chloroplast genome. However, in Citrus the infA gene is absent. The inverted repeat region has expanded to duplicate rpsl9 and the first 84 amino acids of rpl22. The rpl22 gene in the IRb region has a nonsense mutation resulting in 9 stop codons. This was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing using primers that flank the IR/LSC boundaries. Repeat analysis identified 29 direct and inverted repeats 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity >= 90%. Comparison of protein-coding sequences with expressed sequence tags revealed six putative RNA edits, five of which resulted in non-synonymous modifications in petL, psbH, ycf2 and ndhA. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods of a dataset composed of 61 protein-coding genes for 30 taxa provide strong support for the monophyly of several major clades of angiosperms, including monocots, eudicots, rosids and asterids. The MP and ML trees are incongruent in three areas: the position of Amborella and Nymphaeales, relationship of the magnoliid genus Calycanthus, and the monophyly of the eurosid I clade. Both MP and ML trees provide strong support for the monophyly of eurosids II and for the placement of Citrus (Sapindales) sister to a clade including the Malvales/Brassicales. Conclusion: This is the first complete chloroplast genome sequence for a member of the Rutaceae and Sapindales. Expansion of the inverted repeat region to include rpsl9 and part of rpl22 and presence of two truncated copies of rpl22 is unusual among sequenced chloroplast genomes. Availability of a complete Citrus chloroplast genome sequence provides valuable information on intergenic spacer regions and endogenous regulatory sequences for chloroplast genetic engineering. Phylogenetic analyses resolve relationships among several major clades of angiosperms and provide strong support for the monophyly of the eurosid II clade and the position of the Sapindales sister to the Brassicales/Malvales. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Daniell, H (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Bldg 20, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM MBausher@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; daniell@mail.ucf.edu; daniell@mail.ucf.edu; jansen@mail.utexas.edu; daniell@mail.ucf.edu RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011; OI Daniell, Henry/0000-0003-4485-1176 NR 68 TC 65 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 21 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-6-21 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 150XD UT WOS:000245252000001 PM 17010212 ER PT J AU Simon, A Rinaldi, M AF Simon, Andrew Rinaldi, Massimo TI Disturbance, stream incision, and channel evolution: The roles of excess transport capacity and boundary materials in controlling channel response SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on Human Role in Changing Fluvial Systems CY OCT 20-22, 2006 CL Columbia, SC DE incision; channelization; flow energy; channel adjustment; transport capacity ID ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER; MODEL; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENT; EROSION; SYSTEM AB Channel incision is part of denudation, drainage-network development, and landscape evolution. Rejuvenation of fluvial networks by channel incision often leads to further network development and an increase in drainage density as gullies migrate into previously non-incised surfaces. Large, anthropogenic disturbances, similar to large or catastrophic "natural" events, greatly compress time scales for incision and related processes by creating enormous imbalances between upstream sediment delivery and available transporting power. Field examples of channel responses to antrhopogenic and "natural" disturbances are presented for fluvial systems in the mid continent and Pacific Northwest, USA, and central Italy. Responses to different types of disturbances are shown to result in similar spatial and temporal trends of incision for vastly different fluvial systems. Similar disturbances are shown to result in varying relative magnitudes of vertical and lateral (widening) processes, and different channel morphologies as a function of the type of boundary sediments comprising the bed and banks. This apparent contradiction is explained through an analysis of temporal adjustments to flow energy, shear stress, and stream power with time. Numerical simulations of sand-bed channels of varying bank resistance and disturbed by reducing the upstream sediment supply by half, show identical adjustments in flow energy and the rate of energy dissipation. The processes that dominate adjustment and the ultimate stable geometries, however, are vastly different, depending on the cohesion of the channel banks and the supply of hydraulically-controlled sediment (sand) provided by bank erosion. The non-linear asymptotic nature of fluvial adjustment to incision caused by channelization or other causes is borne out in similar temporal trends of sediment loads from disturbed systems. The sediments emanating from incised channels can represent a large proportion of the total sediment yield from a landscape, with erosion from the channel banks generally the dominant source. Disturbances that effect available force, stream power or flow energy, or change erosional resistance such that an excess of flow energy occurs can result in incision. Channel incision, therefore, can be considered a quintessential feature of dis-equilibrated fluvial systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Ingn Civile, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM asimon@ars.usda.gov RI Rinaldi, Massimo/C-7923-2012 NR 63 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 361 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.037 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 092GH UT WOS:000241084500011 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Dawson, H AF Smith, Allen D. Dawson, Harry TI Glutathione is required for efficient production of infectious picomavirus virions SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coxsackievirus B3; picornavirus; glutathione; replication ID CELL-DEATH; REDOX REGULATION; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; POLIOVIRUS RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; APOPTOSIS AB Glutatbione is an intracellular reducing agent that helps maintain the redox potential of the cell and is important for immune function. The drug L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively inhibits glutatbione synthesis. Glutathione has been reported to block replication of HIV, HSV-1, and influenza virus, whereas cells treated with BSO exhibit increased replication of Sendai virus. Pre-treatment of HeLa cell monolayers with BSO inhibited replication of CVB3, CVB4, and HRV14 with viral titers reduced by approximately 6, 5, and 3 log(10), respectively. The addition of glutathione ethyl ester, but not dithiothreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol, to the culture medium reversed the inhibitory effect of BSO. Viral RNA and protein synthesis were not inhibited by BSO treatment. Fractionation of lysates from CVB3-infected BSO-treated cells on cesium chloride and sucrose gradients revealed that empty capsids but not mature virions were being produced. The levels of the 5S and 14S assembly intermediates, however, were not affected by BSO treatment. These results demonstrate that glutathione is important for production of mature infectious picornavirus virions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM smitha@ba.ars.usda.gov; dawsonh@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 2 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.012 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 090DN UT WOS:000240930900002 PM 16860836 ER PT J AU Wakamatsu, N King, DJ Seal, BS Samal, SK Brown, CC AF Wakamatsu, Nobuko King, Daniel J. Seal, Bruce S. Samal, Siba K. Brown, Corrie C. TI The pathogenesis of Newcastle disease: A comparison of selected Newcastle disease virus wild-type strains and their infectious clones SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fusion protein; hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; phosphoprotein; reverse genetics; avian paramyxovirus; veterinary virology; emerging disease ID HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; V-PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FUSION PROTEIN; CLEAVAGE SITE; INTERFERON-ANTAGONIST; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; TISSUE TROPISM; FOREIGN GENE AB The effect of mutations of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) gene, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and phosphoprotein (P) gene and HN chimeras between the virulent Beaudette C and low virulence LaSota strains on pathogenesis and pathogenicity was examined in fully susceptible chickens. A virulent F cleavage site motif within a LaSota backbone increased pathogenicity and severity of clinical disease. A LaSota HN within a Beaudette C backbone decreased pathogenicity indices and disease severity. A Beaudette C HN within a LaSota backbone did not change either pathogenicity indices or severity of disease in chickens. Loss of glycosylation at site 4 of the HN or modified P gene of Beaudette C decreased pathogenicity indices and caused no overt clinicopathologic disease in chickens. Both pathogenicity indices and clinicopathologic examination demonstrated that the F, RN, and P genes of NDV collectively or individually can contribute to viral virulence. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM wakamatsun@niehs.nih.gov; jking@seprl.usda.gov NR 40 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.013 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 090DN UT WOS:000240930900009 PM 16860365 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Lee, YJ Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, Chang-Won Lee, Youn-Jeong Senne, Dennis A. Suarez, David L. TI Pathogenic potential of North American H7N2 avian influenza virus: A mutagenesis study using reverse genetics SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; H7N2 subtype; pathogenicity; reverse genetics ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR-CHANGES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; H5N2; VIRULENCE; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK AB An H7N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) first appeared in the live bird marketing system (LBMS) in the Northeastern United States in 1994. Since then this lineage of virus has become the predominant subtype of AIV isolated from the LBMS and has been linked to several costly commercial poultry outbreaks. Concern for this low pathogenicity isolate mutating to the highly pathogenic form has remained high because of the increasing number of basic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, which is known to be associated with increased pathogenicity of AIV. To address the risk of low pathogenic LBMS-lineage H7N2 virus mutating to the highly pathogenic form of the virus, we generated a series of mutant viruses that have changes in the sequence at the HA cleavage site by using plasmid-based reverse genetics. We confirmed that a conserved proline at -5 position from the HA cleavage site could be changed to a basic amino acid, producing a virus with five basic amino acids in a row at the cleavage site, but with no increase in virulence. Increased virulence was only observed when additional basic amino acids were inserted. We also observed that the virus preferred the arginine instead of lysine at the -4 position from the cleavage site to manifest increased virulence both in vitro and in vivo. Using helper virus-based reverse genetics, where only one transcription plasmid expressing a mutated HA vRNA is used, we identified specific HA cleavage site sequences that were preferentially incorporated into the low pathogenic wild-type virus. The resultant reassortant viruses were highly pathogenic in chickens. This study provides additional evidence that H7 avian influenza viruses require an insertional event to become highly pathogenic, as compared to H5 viruses that can become highly pathogenic strictly by mutation or by insertions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 430824, South Korea. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 2 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.003 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 090DN UT WOS:000240930900014 PM 16828833 ER PT J AU Pletnev, AG Swayne, DE Speicher, J Rumyantsev, AA Murphy, BR AF Pletnev, Alexander G. Swayne, David E. Speicher, Jim Rumyantsev, Alexander A. Murphy, Brian R. TI Chimeric West Nile/dengue virus vaccine candidate: Preclinical evaluation in mice, geese and monkeys for safety and immunogenicity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; live virus vaccine ID LIVE-ATTENUATED VACCINE; ANSER-ANSER-DOMESTICUS; TICK-BORNE FLAVIVIRUS; HUMAN NEURO-BLASTOMA; NILE-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; VERO CELLS; SCID MICE AB A live attenuated virus vaccine is being developed to protect against West Nile virus (WN) disease in humans. Previously, it was found that chimeric West Nile/dengue viruses (WN/DEN4 and WN/DEN4 Delta 30) bearing the membrane precursor and envelope protein genes of WN on a backbone of dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) with or without a deletion of 30 nucleotides (Delta 30) in the 3' noncoding region of the DEN4 part of the chimeric genome were attenuated and efficacious in mice and monkeys against WN challenge. Here, we report the generation of a clinical lot of WN/DEN4 Delta 30 virus and its further preclinical evaluation for safety and immunogenicity in mice, geese and monkeys. The vaccine candidate had lost neuroinvasiveness in highly sensitive immunodeficient mice inoculated intraperitoneally and had greatly reduced neurovirulence in suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally (IC). Compared to the wild-type WN parent, the chimeric virus was highly restricted in replication in both murine and human neuroblastoma cells as well as in brains of suckling mice. The WN/DEN4 Delta 30 virus failed to infect geese, indicating that chimerization of WN with DEN4 completely attenuated WN for this avian host. This observation suggests that the WN/DEN4 chimeric viruses would be restricted in their ability to be transmitted from vaccinees to domestic or wild birds. In monkeys, the WN/DEN4 Delta 30 vaccine candidate was highly immunogenic despite its low level of replication with undetectable viremia. Furthermore, the WN/DEN4 Delta 30 vaccine virus was safe and readily induced neutralizing antibodies against WN in monkeys immune to each of the four serotypes of dengue virus. These studies confirm the attenuation of WN/DEN4 Delta 30 for non-human primates, including dengue-immune monkeys, and demonstrate both a highly restricted replication (> 10(8)-fold decrease) in the brain of mice inoculated IC and an absence of infectivity for birds, findings that indicate this vaccine should be safe for both the recipient and the environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pletnev, AG (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy,Twinbrook 3,Room 3W13,MSC 81, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM apletnev@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 29 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 40-41 BP 6392 EP 6404 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.008 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 093OU UT WOS:000241178400005 PM 16831498 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Lee, JY Saitoh, SI Miyake, K Kang, KW Choi, YJ Hwang, DH AF Youn, Hyung S. Lee, Joo Y. Saitoh, Shin I. Miyake, Kensuke Kang, Keon W. Choi, Yong J. Hwang, Daniel H. TI Suppression of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of toll-like receptor by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a polyphenol component of green tea SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EGCG; flavonoid; toll-like receptor; MyD88; TRIF; TBK1 ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; REGULATORY FACTOR-3; KINASE-ACTIVITY; FATTY-ACIDS; CELL-LINE; ACTIVATION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in recognition of microbial components and induction of innate immunity. The microbial components trigger the activation of two downstream signaling pathways of TLRs; MyD88- and/or TRIF-dependent pathways leading to activation of NF-kappa B. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a flavonoid found in green tea, is known to inhibit NF-kappa B activation induced by many pro-inflammatory stimuli. EGCG was shown to inhibit the activity of IKK beta which is the key kinase in the canonical pathway for NF-kappa B activation in MyD88-dependent pathway of TLRs. However, it is not known whether EGCG inhibits TRIF-dependent pathway through which more than 70% of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced genes are regulated. Therefore, we attempted to identify the molecular target of EGCG in TRIF-dependent pathways of TLR3 and TLR4. EGCG inhibited the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) induced by LPS, poly[I:C], or the overexpression of TRIF. The inhibition of IRF3 activation by EGCG was mediated through the suppression of the kinase activity of TBK1. However, EGCG did not inhibit activation of IRF3 induced by overexpression. of constitutively active IRF3. These results suggest that the molecular target of EGCG is TBK1 in TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4. Therefore, our results suggest that green tea flavonoids can modulate both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLRs and subsequent inflammatory target gene expression. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Div Infect Genet, Tokyo, Japan. Chosun Univ, Coll Pharm, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hyoun@suv.ac.kr; Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41868, DK064007] NR 43 TC 76 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 850 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.06.021 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 086XV UT WOS:000240707300006 PM 16890209 ER PT J AU Garnica, DP Pinzon, AM Quesada-Ocampo, LM Bernal, AJ Barreto, E Grunwald, NJ Restrepo, S AF Garnica, Diana P. Pinzon, Andres M. Quesada-Ocampo, Lina M. Bernal, Adriana J. Barreto, Emiliano Grunwald, Niklaus J. Restrepo, Silvia TI Survey and analysis of microsatellites from transcript sequences in Phytophthora species: frequency, distribution, and potential as markers for the genus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INFESTANS POPULATIONS; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; POINT MUTATIONS; SLIPPAGE EVENTS; TANDEM REPEATS; DNA-SEQUENCES; CODING DNA; PATHOGEN AB Background: Members of the genus Phytophthora are notorious pathogens with world-wide distribution. The most devastating species include P. infestans, P. ramorum and P. sojae. In order to develop molecular methods for routinely characterizing their populations and to gain a better insight into the organization and evolution of their genomes, we used an in silico approach to survey and compare simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in transcript sequences from these three species. We compared the occurrence, relative abundance, relative density and cross-species transferability of the SSRs in these oomycetes. Results: The number of SSRs in oomycetes transcribed sequences is low and long SSRs are rare. The in silico transferability of SSRs among the Phytophthora species was analyzed for all sets generated, and primers were selected on the basis of similarity as possible candidates for transferability to other Phytophthora species. Sequences encoding putative pathogenicity factors from all three Phytophthora species were also surveyed for presence of SSRs. However, no correlation between gene function and SSR abundance was observed. The SSR survey results, and the primer pairs designed for all SSRs from the three species, were deposited in a public database. Conclusion: In all cases the most common SSRs were trinucleotide repeat units with low repeat numbers. A proportion (7.5%) of primers could be transferred with 90% similarity between at least two species of Phytophthora. This information represents a valuable source of molecular markers for use in population genetics, genetic mapping and strain fingerprinting studies of oomycetes, and illustrates how genomic databases can be exploited to generate data-mining filters for SSRs before experimental validation. C1 Univ Los Andes, LAMFU, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Nacl Colombia, Ctr Bioinformat, Inst Biotecnol, Bogota, Colombia. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Restrepo, S (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, LAMFU, Bogota, Colombia. EM d-garnic@uniandes.edu.co; andrespinzon@gmail.com; linamqo@gmail.com; abernal@uniandes.edu.co; ebarretoh@unal.edu.co; Niklaus.Grunwald@science.oregonstate.edu; srestrep@uniandes.edu.co RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Restrepo, Silvia/G-1297-2010; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040 NR 58 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 245 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-245 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 095UX UT WOS:000241334900001 PM 17007642 ER PT J AU Erskine, RH Green, TR Ramirez, JA MacDonald, LH AF Erskine, Robert H. Green, Timothy R. Ramirez, Jorge A. MacDonald, Lee H. TI Comparison of grid-based algorithms for computing upslope contributing area SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; FLOW DIRECTION ALGORITHMS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; TERRAIN ANALYSIS; DRAINAGE NETWORKS; EPHEMERAL GULLIES; CHANNEL NETWORKS; DEM RESOLUTION; PREDICTION; LANDSCAPE AB [ 1] Terrain attributes based on upslope contributing area, A, are used widely in distributed hydrologic models. Several grid-based algorithms are available for estimating A. In this study, five algorithms (D8, rho 8, MFD, DEMON, and D infinity) were compared quantitatively on two undulating agricultural fields ( 63 and 109 ha) in northeastern Colorado. Global positioning system (GPS) data (0.02-m accuracy) were used to generate grid digital elevation models (DEMs) at 5-, 10-, and 30-m cell sizes. Relative differences between A values estimated using single- and multiple-direction algorithms increased with decreasing grid cell size. Relative differences were greatest along ridges and side slopes, and differences decreased where the terrain became more convergent. Multiple-direction algorithms ( MFD, DEMON, and D infinity), allowing for flow divergence, are recommended on these undulating terrains for 5- and 10-m grids where A is most sensitive to the algorithm selection. C1 ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Erskine, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rob.erskine@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 50 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 28 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 AR W09416 DI 10.1029/2005WR004648 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 090KO UT WOS:000240950400001 ER PT J AU Bulach, DM Zuerner, RL Wilson, P Seemann, T McGrath, A Cullen, PA Davis, J Johnson, M Kuczek, E Alt, DP Peterson-Burch, B Coppel, RL Rood, JI Davies, JK Adler, B AF Bulach, Dieter M. Zuerner, Richard L. Wilson, Peter Seemann, Torsten McGrath, Annette Cullen, Paul A. Davis, John Johnson, Matthew Kuczek, Elizabeth Alt, David P. Peterson-Burch, Brooke Coppel, Ross L. Rood, Julian I. Davies, John K. Adler, Ben TI Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genome sequence; leptospirosis; spirochete ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; SIGMA-FACTORS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; SIGNAL PEPTIDASES; INTERROGANS; SEQUENCE AB Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in humans and affecting global livestock production. Most infections are caused by either Leptospira borgpetersenii or Leptospira interrogans, bacteria that vary in their distribution in nature and rely on different modes of transmission. We report the complete genomic sequences of two strains of L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo that have distinct phenotypes and virulence. These two strains have nearly identical genetic content, with subtle frameshift and point mutations being a common form of genetic variation. Starkly limited regions of synteny are shared between the large chromosomes of L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, probably the result of frequent recombination events between insertion sequences. The L. borgpetersenii genome is approximate to 700 kb smaller and has a lower coding density than L. interrogans, indicating it is decaying through a process of insertion sequence-mediated genome reduction. Loss of gene function is not random but is centered on impairment of environmental sensing and metabolite transport and utilization. These features distinguish L. borgpetersenii from L. interrogans, a species with minimal genetic decay and that survives extended passage in aquatic environments encountering a mammalian host. We conclude that L. borgpetersenii is evolving toward dependence on a strict host-to-host transmission cycle. C1 Monash Univ, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Struct & Fu, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Queensland, Gehrmann Labs, Australian Genome Res Facil, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Rood, Julian/A-4858-2008; Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011; Seemann, Torsten/B-2318-2010; OI Rood, Julian/0000-0003-2126-7209; Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078; Seemann, Torsten/0000-0001-6046-610X; McGrath, Annette/0000-0002-1765-7039 NR 59 TC 179 Z9 732 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 26 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 39 BP 14560 EP 14565 DI 10.1073/pnas.0603979103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 090RG UT WOS:000240968100055 PM 16973745 ER PT J AU Trouet, V Taylor, AH Carleton, AM Skinner, CN AF Trouet, Valerie Taylor, Alan H. Carleton, Andrew M. Skinner, Carl N. TI Fire-climate interactions in forests of the American Pacific coast SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OSCILLATION; REGIMES; NORTHWEST; SEVERITY; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; DROUGHT; INDEX; USA AB We investigate relationships between climate and wildfire activity between 1929 and 2004 in Pacific coast forests of the United States. Self-Organizing Mapping (SOM) of annual area burned in National Forests (NF) in California, Oregon, and Washington identifies three contiguous NF groups and a fourth group of NF traversed by major highways. Large fire years in all groups are dry compared to small fire years. A sub-hemispheric circulation pattern of a strong trough over the North Pacific and a ridge over the West Coast is characteristic of large fire years in all groups. This pattern resembles the Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection and positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). A reverse PNA and negative PDO phase characterizes small fire years. Despite the effect of fire suppression management between 1929 and 2004, forest area burned is linked to climatic variations related to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Trouet, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Walker Bldg 302, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vzt1@psu.edu; aht1@psu.edu; carleton@essc.psu.edu; cskinner@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 18 AR L18704 DI 10.1029/2006GL027502 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 088QV UT WOS:000240827100005 ER PT J AU Raghu, S Anderson, RC Daehler, CC Davis, AS Wiedenmann, RN Simberloff, D Mack, RN AF Raghu, S. Anderson, R. C. Daehler, C. C. Davis, A. S. Wiedenmann, R. N. Simberloff, D. Mack, R. N. TI Adding biofuels to the invasive species fire? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRASSES C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61709 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Raghu, S (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM raghu@uiuc.edu RI Raghu, S./A-1281-2010 OI Raghu, S./0000-0001-5843-5435 NR 20 TC 192 Z9 198 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 22 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5794 BP 1742 EP 1742 DI 10.1126/science.1129313 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 086ED UT WOS:000240655700030 PM 16990536 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Timlin, D AF Fleisher, David H. Timlin, Dennis TI Modeling expansion of individual leaves in the potato canopy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon accumulation; crop simulation models; leaf age; leaf expansion; potato ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF APPEARANCE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; INITIATION; NITROGEN; SPROUTS; PLANTS; STEMS; AREA AB A model to simulate expansion of individual leaves in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kennebec) was developed by modifying a growth simulation routine from the model POTATO. Data for model development and testing were obtained from three soil-plant-atmosphere-research (SPAR) chamber experiments. The first experiment (D1) used six SPAR chambers with treatments of 14/10, 17/12, 20/15, 23/18, 28/23, or 34/29 degrees C day/night temperatures (16 h thermoperiod) at an elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO,]) of 740 mu mol mol(-1). Experiment D2 used two SPAR chambers at 23/18 degrees C at 740 mu mol mol(-1) [CO(2)]. Experiment D3 duplicated the temperature treatments of D1 but at ambient [CO(2)] (370 p,mol mol(-1)). Potato leaf area expansion was sensitive to air temperature and [CO(2)]. Maximum individual leaf area values were highest at cooler temperatures and elevated [CO(2)]. Growth duration, defined as the time interval between leaf appearance and when 99% of final area was attained, was negatively correlated with increasing temperature. Growth duration increased by about 4 days at 14/10 and 34/29 degrees C at ambient [CO(2)]. Temperature response and leaf physiological aging functions were developed from D1 and used to modify the existing growth model. D2 and D3 data were used to evaluate the modified model simulations during conditions of non-limited and limited carbohydrate availability. By varying an input to the model that simulates the effect of plant carbohydrate status on leaf expansion, the model was shown to be capable of reproducing leaf growth curves within 8% of the measured final area. The modified leaf expansion model is suitable for integration with existing potato models that simulate canopy leaf appearance. The expansion model provides an approach for coupling plant assimilate, water, and nutrient status with canopy expansion and the new response functions in the model can potentially be modified for use in different crop models. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 342,Barc W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dfleishe@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.06.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097SB UT WOS:000241467700007 ER PT J AU Pfender, W Graw, R Bradley, W Carney, M Maxwell, L AF Pfender, W. Graw, R. Bradley, W. Carney, M. Maxwell, L. TI Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate dispersal and deposition of grass stem rust urediniospores at landscape scale SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE spore dispersal; dry deposition; Puccinia graminis; spore emission rate; CALPUFF ID SPORE DISPERSAL; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; UROMYCES-PHASEOLI; SEED CROPS; GRADIENTS; ESCAPE; UREDOSPORES; TRANSPORT; CLUSTERS; RELEASE AB Dispersal and dry deposition of urediniospores of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola from infected perennial ryegrass was modeled with CALPUFF, a Lagrangian puff atmospheric dispersal model developed for air pollution studies. The emission rate (spores/min/m(2) field area) was back-calculated from aerial spore flux from a 6 m x 6 m source plot. Spore flux was measured by a novel approach in which the cross-section of the entire plume was sampled immediately downwind of the source. The diurnal pattern of spore release was obtained from continuous volumetric spore sampler measurements in a nearby field. Weather observations at the study site were combined with three-dimensional prognostic meteorological fields generated by the Penn State Mesoscale Meteorological Model (MM5) using CALMET to run CALPUFF. The settling velocities of single and clustered spores were measured in the laboratory. Deposition fields and mass balances from the 6 m x 6 m plots were modeled by using observations from four dates in June 2005. A deposition level of 10 spores/m(2) was estimated to reach 1.8-2.1 km downwind of the plot on different days. For three of the dates CALPUFF estimated few or no spores remaining airborne as long as an hour after release above the canopy. Modeling of spore dispersal from 5- or 50-ha fields of rust-infested perennial ryegrass indicated deposition of 10 spores/m(2) at a distance of 2.1-5.9 km from the field, depending on weather and source strength (size of field and severity of rust disease), and deposition of 0.01 spores/m(2) was indicated to extend more than 12 km from a heavily infested 50-ha field for one of the days. In this scenario 10(14) spores were released from the field in 24 h, 18 million remained airborne more than an hour and 400,000 reach the air aloft. Simulation of spore dispersal by a small dust devil showed 12.5% of the spore biomass advected horizontally beyond 200 km in the air aloft. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, NFSPRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.06.007 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097SB UT WOS:000241467700011 ER PT J AU Wen, J Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Su, ZB AF Wen, J. Jackson, T. J. Bindlish, R. Su, Z. B. TI Evaluation of the Oceansat-1 Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer and its potential for soil moisture retrieval SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; IRS-P4/MSMR SATELLITE DATA; AMSR-E; MSMR; VEGETATION; IMAGER; PRECIPITATION; EMISSION; REGION; SSM/I AB The Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) aboard the Indian Space Research Organization-Oceansat-1 platform measured land surface brightness temperature at a C-band frequency and provided an opportunity for exploring large-scale soil moisture retrieval during its two-year period of operation. These data may provide a valuable extension to the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) since they covered a portion of the time period between the two missions. This investigation was one of the first to utilize the MSMR data for a land application and, as a result, several data quality issues had to be addressed. These included geolocation accuracy, calibration (particularly over land), erroneous data, and the significance of anthropogenic radio-frequency interference (RFI). Calibration of the low frequency channels was evaluated using inter-comparisons between the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Microwave Imager (TRMM/TMI) and the MSMR brightness temperatures. Biases (TMI T-B > MSMR T-B) of 3.4 and 3.6K were observed over land for the MSMR 10.65GHz horizontal and vertical polarization channels, respectively. These results suggested that additional calibration of the MSMR data was required. Comparisons between the MSMR measured brightness temperature and ground measured volumetric soil moisture collected during the South Great Plain experiment (SGP99) indicated that the lower frequency and horizontal polarization observations had higher sensitivity to soil moisture. Using a previously developed soil emission model, multi-temporal regional soil moisture distributions were retrieved for the continental United States. Comparisons between the MSMR based soil moisture and ground measured volumetric soil moisture indicated a standard error of estimate of 0.052m(3)/m(3). C1 USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Surface Proc Cold & Reg, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Int Inst GeoInformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 18 BP 3781 EP 3796 DI 10.1080/01431160500075642 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100EM UT WOS:000241650600007 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Pordesimo, LO Scaboo, AM Pantalone, VR AF Delwiche, Stephen R. Pordesimo, Lester O. Scaboo, Andrew M. Pantalone, Vincent R. TI Measurement of inorganic phosphorus in soybeans with near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean; phosphorus; near-infrared; single seed; breeding; phytate ID LOW-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; PHYTIC-ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; PHENOTYPE; LINES; SEEDS; SOJA AB This study explored the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) quantitative and qualitative models for soybean inorganic phosphorus (Pi), which is complementary to phytic acid, a component of nutritional and environmental importance. Spectra, consisting of diffuse reflectance (1100-2500 nm) of ground meal and single-bean transmittance (600-1900 nm) of whole seed, were collected on 191 recombinant inbred soybean lines. Partial least-squares regression models were individually developed for soy meal diffuse reflectance, single-bean transmittance, and averaged (24 beans/line) whole seed transmittance data. The best performance was obtained with diffuse reflectance data, in which the standard errors (rmsd) were 263 and 248 mg/kg for cross-validation and validation sets, respectively. Model accuracy was lower for the 24-bean average transmittance spectra and still lower for single beans. Despite the overall poorer modeling ability of Pi with respect to the common macronutrient NIR regressions, such as those for protein and oil, this technique holds promise for use in breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 6951 EP 6956 DI 10.1021/jf060919n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 083NS UT WOS:000240465000001 PM 16968047 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ AF Mastovska, Katerina Lehotay, Steven J. TI Rapid sample preparation method for LC-MS/MS or GC-MS analysis of acrylamide in various food matrices SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acrylamide; sample preparation; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; direct sample introduction ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOXHLET EXTRACTION; POTATO-CHIPS; MAILLARD REACTION; PEDERSEN,J.R.; OLSSON,J.O.; OPTIMIZATION AB A fast and easy sample preparation procedure for analysis of acrylamide in various food matrices was developed and optimized. In its first step, deuterated acrylamide internal standard is added to 1 g of homogenized sample together with 5 mL of hexane, 10 mL of water, 10 mL of acetonitrile, 4 g of MgSO4, and 0.5 g of NaCl. Water facilitates the extraction of acrylamide; hexane serves for sample defatting; and the salt combination induces separation of water and acetonitrile layers and forces the majority of acrylamide into the acetonitrile layer. After vigorous shaking of the extraction mixture for 1 min and centrifugation, the upper hexane layer is discarded and a 1 mL aliquot of the acetonitrile extract is cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction using 50 mg of primary secondary amine sorbent and 150 mg of anhydrous MgSO4. The final extract is analyzed either by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (in positive chemical ionization mode) using the direct sample introduction technique for rugged large-volume injection. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 30 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 7001 EP 7008 DI 10.1021/jf061330r PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 083NS UT WOS:000240465000009 PM 16968055 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Sommers, CH Moon, YS Donzelli, BGG Vandenberg, JD Churchill, ACL Gibson, DM AF Krasnoff, Stuart B. Sommers, Christopher H. Moon, Yong-Sun Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Vandenberg, John D. Churchill, Alice C. L. Gibson, Donna M. TI Production of mutagenic metabolites by Metarhizium anisopliae SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NG-391; NG-393; fusarin C; Metarhizium anisopliae; mutagen ID P53-TRANSFECTED CANCER-CELLS; ASYMMETRIC TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; CYCLE INHIBITOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; LUCILACTAENE; DESTRUXIN AB NG-391 (1) and NG-393 (2), previously reported from undescribed Fusarium species as nerve-cell growth stimulants, were identified from fermentation extracts of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. These compounds are 7-desmethyl analogues of fusarin C and (8Z)-fusarin C, mutagenic toxins from Fusarium species that contaminate corn. A mutant strain of M. anisopliae (KOB1-3) overproduces 1 and 2 by ca. 10-fold relative to the wild-type strain, ARSEF 2575, from which it was derived. Overproduction of these compounds in KOB1-3 imparts a yellow pigmentation to the culture medium of the fungus. These compounds were inactive at 100 mu g/disk in antimicrobial disk diffusion assays. Compound 1 was inactive at 100 ppm in a mosquitocidal assay. However, like their fusarin analogues, 1 and 2 exhibited potent S9-dependent mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Discovery of these highly mutagenic mycotoxins in M. anisopliae suggests that screening for production of NG-391 and NG-393 in strains that are used as biocontrol agents would be a prudent course of action. The impact of these findings on the use of M. anisopliae as a biocontrol agent is currently unknown and requires further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sbk1@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 7083 EP 7088 DI 10.1021/jf061405r PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 083NS UT WOS:000240465000020 PM 16968066 ER PT J AU Mahattanatawee, K Manthey, JA Luzio, G Talcott, ST Goodner, K Baldwin, EA AF Mahattanatawee, Kanjana Manthey, John A. Luzio, Gary Talcott, Stephen T. Goodner, Kevin Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Total antioxidant activity and fiber content of select Florida-grown tropical fruits SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ORAC; DPPH; total phenolic; ascorbic acid; galacturonic acid ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; DIETARY FIBER; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMMON VEGETABLES; IN-VIVO; PECTIN; ASSAY; DISEASE AB Fourteen tropical fruits from south Florida (red guava, white guava, carambola, red pitaya (red dragon), white pitaya (white dragon), mamey sapote, sapodilla, lychee, longan, green mango, ripe mango, green papaya, and ripe papaya) were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total soluble phenolics (TSP), total ascorbic acid (TAA), total dietary fiber (TDF), and pectin. ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, radical scavenging activity) assays were used to determine antioxidant activity. The TSP, ORAC, and DPPH ranged from 205.4 to 2316.7 g gallic acid equiv/g puree, < 0.1 to 16.7 mu mol Trolox equiv/g puree, and 2.1 to 620.2 mu g gallic acid equiv/g puree, respectively. The TAA, TDF, and pectin ranged from 7.5 to 188.8 mg/100 g, 0.9 to 7.2 g/100 g, and 0.20 to 1.04 g/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activities, TSP, TAA, TDF, and pectin were influenced by cultivar (papaya, guava, and dragon fruit) and ripening stage (papaya and/or mango). Antioxidant activity showed high correlations with levels of TSP compounds (r = 0.96) but low correlations with levels of ascorbic acid (r = 0.35 and 0.23 for ORAC and DPPH data, respectively). The antioxidant activities evaluated by both ORAC and DPPH showed similar trends where red guava and carambola exhibited the highest and sapodilla and green papaya exhibited the lowest levels. Guava and mamey sapote exhibited the highest TDF and pectin levels. Many of the tropical fruits were shown to contain an abundance of hydrolyzable tannins, ellagic acid conjugates, and flavone glycosides. Preliminary descriptions are given of the phenols in red/white pitaya (dragonfruit), lychee, and mamey sapote, these fruit being thus far uncharacterized in the literature. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Siam Univ, Dept Food Technol, Bangkok 10160, Thailand. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov NR 73 TC 132 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 7355 EP 7363 DI 10.1021/jf060566s PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 083NS UT WOS:000240465000059 PM 16968105 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Maragos, CM Proctor, RH AF Desjardins, Anne E. Maragos, Chris M. Proctor, Robert H. TI Maize ear rot and moniliformin contamination by cryptic species of Fusarium subglutinans SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fusarium subglutinans; moniliformin; maize ear rot ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; MYCOTOXIN MONILIFORMIN; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; SECTION LISEOLA; FUNGAL TOXIN; ZEA-MAYS; CORN; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; GRAMINEARUM AB Fusarium subglutinans causes maize ear rot and contaminates grain with the mycotoxin moniliformin. Previous DNA sequence analysis divided F. subglutinans from maize into two cryptic species, designated groups 1 and 2. Here, it was determined whether the two groups differ in the agriculturally important traits of virulence on maize and moniliformin production in planta. Thirty-seven strains from U. S. maize were assigned to groups 1 and 2 by DNA sequence analysis. In field tests, all strains were highly virulent on maize inbred B73 and four maize hybrids. In planta, 82% of group 1 strains and 25% of group 2 strains produced high levels (100-1500 mu g/g) of moniliformin. All group 2 strains from more northern states produced little or no moniliformin (0-5 mu g/g). These data indicate that moniliformin production is highly variable in F. subglutinans from U. S. maize and that production may not be required for the fungus to cause maize ear rot. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM proctorh@ncuar.usda.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 19 BP 7383 EP 7390 DI 10.1021/jf0612272 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 083NS UT WOS:000240465000063 PM 16968109 ER PT J AU Friso, S Corrocher, R Choi, SW AF Friso, Simonetta Corrocher, Roberto Choi, Sang-Woon TI Dietary modulation of epigenetic status SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 164 SI SI BP S18 EP S18 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.041 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 082SJ UT WOS:000240407200034 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Hayward, SAL Elnitsky, MA Sandro, LH Lee, RE Denlinger, DL AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Hayward, Scott A. L. Elnitsky, Michael A. Sandro, Luke H. Lee, Richard E., Jr. Denlinger, David L. TI Continuous up-regulation of heat shock proteins in larvae, but not adults, of a polar insect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; cold tolerance; protein aggregation; temperature stress; thermotolerance ID SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; BELGICA-ANTARCTICA; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; FLESH FLY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HSP70 TRANSCRIPTS; STRESS TOLERANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; THERMAL-STRESS; COLD SHOCK AB Antarctica's terrestrial environment is a challenge to which very few animals have adapted. The largest, free-living animal to inhabit the continent year-round is a flightless midge, Belgica antarctica. Larval midges survive the lengthy austral winter encased in ice, and when the ice melts in summer, the larvae complete their 2-yr life cycle, and the wingless adults form mating aggregations while subjected to surprisingly high substrate temperatures. Here we report a dichotomy in survival strategies exploited by this insect at different stages of its life cycle. Larvae constitutively up-regulate their heat shock proteins (small hsp, hsp70, and hsp90) and maintain a high inherent tolerance to temperature stress. High or low temperature exposure does not further up-regulate these genes nor does it further enhance thermotolerance. Such "preemptive" synthesis of hsps is sufficient to prevent irreversible protein aggregation in response to a variety of common environmental stresses. Conversely, adults exhibit no constitutive up-regulation of their hsps and have a lower intrinsic tolerance to high temperatures, but their hsps can be thermally activated, resulting in enhanced thermotolerance. Thus, the midge larvae, but not the adults, have adopted the unusual strategy of expressing hsps continuously, possibly to facilitate proper protein folding in a cold habitat that is more thermally stable than that of the adults but a habitat subjected frequently to freeze-thaw episodes and bouts of pH, anoxic, and osmotic stress. C1 Ohio State Univ, Aronoff Lab 400, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Denlinger, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Aronoff Lab 400, Dept Entomol, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM denlinger.1@osu.edu NR 22 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 67 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 38 BP 14223 EP 14227 DI 10.1073/pnas.0606840103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 087MN UT WOS:000240746600057 PM 16968769 ER PT J AU Walker, WR Prestwich, C Spofford, T AF Walker, Wynn R. Prestwich, Clare Spofford, Thomas TI Development of the revised USDA-NRCS intake families for surface irrigation SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE infiltration; surface irrigation; furrows; borders; basins; modeling ID ADVANCE AB In the absence of localized field data the US Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources and Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) intake families have often provided sufficient information for preliminary design, evaluation, or management of surface irrigation systems. However, to more fully utilize advances in procedures for field data collection and analysis as well as the software to automate the hydraulic computations it has become, necessary to revise these intake families. This paper is presented to facilitate the dissemination of these results to the larger international audience as well as provide a more detailed explanation of the protocols used in developing the revised families. A selective comparison is made to illustrate the differences between the original and new curves. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Nat Resources & Conservat Serv, Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA. USDA, Nat Resources & Conservat Serv, Conservat Engn Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Walker, WR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM wynnwalk@cc.usu.edu NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP 16 PY 2006 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.04.002 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 085YD UT WOS:000240639400017 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Albin, DM Bhunia, AK Reed, SA Tu, SI Uknalis, J AF Gehring, Andrew G. Albin, David M. Bhunia, Arun K. Reed, Sue A. Tu, Shu-I Uknalis, Joseph TI Antibody microarray detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7: Quantification, assay limitations, and capture efficiency SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-G; BINDING; O157-H7; FORMAT AB A sandwich fluorescent immunoassay in a microarray format was used to capture and detect E. coli O157:H7. Here, we explored quantitative aspects, limitations, and capture efficiency of the assay. When biotinylated capture antibodies were used, the signal generated was higher ( over 5-fold higher with some cell concentrations) compared to biotinylated protein G-bound capture antibodies. By adjusting the concentration of reporter antibody, a linear fluorescent response was observed from similar to 3.0 x 10(6) to similar to 9.0 x 10(7) cells/mL, and this was in agreement with the number of captured bacteria as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Capture efficiency calculations revealed that, as the number of bacteria presented for capture decreased, capture efficiency increased to near 35%. Optimization experiments, with several combinations of capture and reporter antibodies, demonstrated that the amount of bacteria available for capture (10(6) versus 10(8) cells/mL) affected the optimal combination. The findings presented here indicate that antibody microarrays, when used in sandwich assay format, may be effectively used to capture and detect E. coli O157: H7. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Mol Food Microbiol Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Albin, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dalbin@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Bhunia, Arun/K-7639-2012; OI Bhunia, Arun/0000-0003-3640-1554 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 18 BP 6601 EP 6607 DI 10.1021/ac0608467 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 083YO UT WOS:000240495800041 PM 16970339 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZC Shangguan, ZP Zhao, D AF Zhou, Z. C. Shangguan, Z. P. Zhao, D. TI Modeling vegetation coverage and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau Area of China SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE afforestation; Loess Plateau of China; modeling; soil erosion; vegetation coverage AB Soil erosion is still one of major issues limiting agricultural and forestry productivity in Loess Plateau of China. Vegetation plays an important role in controlling soil erosion, but studies on modeling dynamics of vegetation and soil erosion and interaction between them were hardly reported. We hypothesized that changes of vegetation coverage and soil erosion as affected by climate factors and human activities in the Loess Plateau of China might be simulated using appropriate models. In order to test our hypothesis and to better understanding the interaction between vegetation coverage and soil erosion, we conducted a study at watershed of Zhifanggou, a typical region of Loess Plateau. Soil erosion was negative linearly correlated with vegetation coverage (r = 0.99***), while vegetation was mainly associated with human activities. Based on climate change, ecological stress factors and human activities, we developed a model to estimate vegetation coverage and soil erosion. Testing the model performance indicated that dynamics of vegetation coverage and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China could be precisely simulated. The importance of each factor in the model was also evaluated. The information of this study can be useful for better understanding the relationships between vegetation and soil erosion. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soils & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Shangguan, ZP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soils & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. EM shangguan@ms.iswc.ac.cn NR 23 TC 75 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.019 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088PH UT WOS:000240823100022 ER PT J AU Petit, B Montagnini, F AF Petit, Bryan Montagnini, Florencia TI Growth in pure and mixed plantations of tree species used in reforesting rural areas of the humid region of Costa Rica, Central America SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Improving Productivity in Mixed-Species Plantations CY AUG 05-07, 2005 CL Ballina, AUSTRALIA DE Vochysia ferruginea; Vochysia guatemalensi; Hieronyma alchorneoides; Genipa americana; Balizia elegans; Jacaranda copaia; mixed-species ID TROPICS; LOWLANDS AB This paper compares productivity of native tree species plantations, in monoculture and mixtures, at La Selva Biological Station in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. In monocultures, Jacaranda copaia, Vochysia guatemalensis, and Vochysiaferruginea were the most productive of 10 species compared. However, J. copaia and V. guatenzalensis grew significantly faster in mixtures than in monocultures. A mixture of J. copaia, V. guatenialensis, and Calophyllum brasiliense produced 21% more merchantable volume than a monoculture of J copaia, which grew the fastest of the three species. Mixed plantations of Dipteryx panamensis, Virola koschnyi, and Terminalia amazonia had productivity rates similar to monocultures of the fastest growing of these species (Virola koschnyi). The productivity of mixed plantations of V. ferruginea, Hyeronima alchorneoides, Genipa americana, and Balizia elegans was intermediate from the respective species' productivities in monocultures. Cultivating tree species in mixtures affected species' growth forms and ability to persist on the site. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Watershed Recovery Program, Escondido, CA 92026 USA. RP Montagnini, F (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM florencia.montagnini@yale.edu NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 233 IS 2-3 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.030 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 094JQ UT WOS:000241236100016 ER PT J AU Tajvidi, M Falk, RH Hermanson, JC AF Tajvidi, Mehdi Falk, Robert H. Hermanson, John C. TI Effect of natural fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of natural fiber polypropylene composites studied by dynamic mechanical analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; polypropylene; natural fibers; transitions; DMA ID WOOD FLOUR COMPOSITES; REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE; VEGETABLE FIBERS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PP COMPOSITES; COMPATIBILIZER; MORPHOLOGY; INTERFACE; CELLULOSE; MOISTURE AB The present study deals with the effects of natural fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of natural fiber polypropylene composites using dynamic mechanical analysis. Composites of polypropylene and various natural fibers including kenaf fibers, wood flour, rice hulls, and newsprint fibers were prepared at 25 and 50% (by weight) fiber content levels. One and two percent maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was also used as the compatibilizer for composites containing 25 and 50%, fibers, respectively. Specimens for dynamic mechanical analysis tests were cut out of injection-molded samples and were tested over a temperature range of -60 to +120 degrees C. Frequency of the oscillations was fixed at 1 Hz and the strain amplitude was 0.1%, which was well within the linear viscoelastic region. The heating rate was 2 degrees C/min for all temperature scan tests. Storage modulus (U), loss modulus (U), and mechanical loss factor (tan 6) were collected during the test and were plotted versus temperature. An increase in storage and loss moduli and a decrease in the mechanical loss factor were observed for all composites indicating more elastic behavior of the composites as compared with the pure PP. Changes in phase transition temperatures were monitored and possible causes were discussed. Results indicated that glass transition was slightly shifted to lower temperatures in composites. alpha transition temperature was higher in the case of composites and its intensity was higher as well. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tehran, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Coll Nat Resources, Karaj, Iran. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tajvidi, M (reprint author), Univ Tehran, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Coll Nat Resources, POB 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran. EM mtajvidi@ut.ac.ir RI Tajvidi, Mehdi/D-6959-2012; Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665 NR 37 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 101 IS 6 BP 4341 EP 4349 DI 10.1002/app.24289 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 069KQ UT WOS:000239445500103 ER PT J AU Sun, G Zhou, GY Zhang, ZQ Wei, XH McNulty, SG Vose, JM AF Sun, Ge Zhou, Guoyi Zhang, Zhiqiang Wei, Xiaohua McNulty, Steven G. Vose, James M. TI Potential water yield reduction due to forestation across China SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; forestation; hydrologic impact; water yield; China ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION CHANGES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACTS; BALANCE; ENERGY; CARBON; FLOW AB It is widely recognized that vegetation restoration with have positive effects on watershed health by reducing soil erosion and non-point source pollution, enhancing terrestrial and aquatic habitat, and increasing ecosystem carbon sequestration. However, the hydrologic consequences of forestation on degraded lands are not well studied in the forest hydrology community as a whole. China has the largest area of forest plantations in the world now, and the hydrologic consequences of massive forestation are unknown. We applied a simplified hydrological model across the diverse physiographic region to estimate the potential magnitude of annual water yield response to forestation. Our study suggests that the average water yield reduction may vary from about 50 mm/yr (50%) in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region in northern China to about 300 mm/yr (30%) in the tropical southern region. We conclude that forestation in China that often involves a combination of tree planting and engineering (e.g., terracing) may have even a higher potential to greatly reduce annual water yield in headwater watersheds, especially in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region. However, the forestation area is relatively small for most large basins with mixed landuses in China, thus the regional effects of forestation on water resource management may not be of major concern. Comprehensive science-based evaluation of roles of forests on regulating regional water resources is critical to the current forestation endeavors in China. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, So China Bot Garden, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. USDA, US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr,Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu NR 46 TC 148 Z9 167 U1 9 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 328 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 086YO UT WOS:000240709400013 ER PT J AU Wu, W Hall, CAS Scatena, FN Quackenbush, LJ AF Wu, Wei Hall, Charles A. S. Scatena, Frederick N. Quackenbush, Lindi J. TI Spatial modelling of evapotranspiration in the Luquillo experimental forest of Puerto Rico using remotely-sensed data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; remote sensing; Landsat-5 TM; MODIS; model ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; LANDSAT-5 THEMATIC MAPPER; TROPICAL FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; WATER-USE; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; SOIL; TM AB Actual evapotranspiration (aET) and related processes in tropical forests can explain 70% of the lateral global energy transport through latent heat, and therefore are very important in the redistribution of water on the Earth's surface [Mauser, M., Schadlich, S., 1998. Modelling the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration on different scales using remote sensing data. J. Hydrol. 212-213, 250-267]. Unfortunately, there are few spatial studies of these processes in tropical forests. This research integrates one Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image and three Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images with a hydrological model [Granger, R.J., Gray, D.M., 1989. Evaporation from natural nonsaturated surfaces. J. Hydrol. 111, 21-29] to estimate the spatial pattern of aET over the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) - a tropical forest in northeastern Puerto Rico - for the month of January, the only month that these remotely sensed images were acquired. The derived aETs ranged from 0 to 7.22 mm/day with a mean of 3.08 +/- 1.35 mm/day which were comparable to other estimates. Simulated aET was highest in the low elevation forest and decreased progressively toward higher elevations. Because of differences in solar radiation at different elevations, aspects and topographic positions, aET tended to be higher on south slopes and along ridges than on north slopes and in valleys. In addition, the Bowen ratio (the ratio of sensible heat to latent heat) varied across different vegetation types and increased with elevation, thus reflecting differences in the distribution of net solar radiation incident on the earth's surface. Over a day, the highest simulated aET occurred at around noon. We also applied this model to simulate the average monthly aET over an entire year based on the cloud patterns derived from at least two MODIS images for each month. The highest simulated aET occurred in February and March and the lowest in May. These observations are consistent with long term data. The simulated values were compared with field measurements of the sap flow velocity of trees at different elevations and in different forest types. These comparisons had good agreement in the low elevation forest but only moderate agreement in the elfin forest at high elevations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Grad Program Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM wwu01@mailbox.syr.edu; chall@esf.edu; fns@sas.upenn.edu; ljquack@esf.edu NR 69 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 328 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 733 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.01.020 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 086YO UT WOS:000240709400031 ER PT J AU Chopping, M Su, LH Laliberte, A Rango, A Peters, DPC Kollikkathara, N AF Chopping, Mark Su, Lihong Laliberte, Andrea Rango, Albert Peters, Debra P. C. Kollikkathara, Naushad TI Mapping shrub abundance in desert grasslands using geometric-optical modeling and multi-angle remote sensing with CHRIS/Proba SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy reflectance; geometric-optical; modeling; multi-angle remote sensing; semi-arid environments; dessert grasslands; woody shrub encroachment ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CANOPY; ATTRIBUTES; INVERSION; IMAGERY; COVER AB This work examines the application of a geometric-optical canopy reflectance model to provide measures of woody shrub abundance in desert grasslands at the landscape scale. The approach is through inversion of the non-linear simple geometric model (SGM) against 631 nm multi-angle reflectance data from the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) flown on the European Space Agency's Project for On-Board Autonomy (Proba) satellite. Separation of background and upper canopy contributions was effected by a linear scaling of the parameters of the Walthall bidirectional reflectance distribution function model with the weights of a kernel-driven model. The relationship was calibrated against a small number of sample locations with highly contrasting background/upper canopy configurations, before application over an area of about 25 km(2). The results show that with some assumptions, the multi-angle remote sensing signal from CHRIS/Proba can be explained in terms of a combined soil-understory background response and woody shrub cover and exploited to map this important structural attribute of desert grasslands. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu; su@pegasus.montclair.edu; alaliber@jornada-mail.nmsu.edu; alrango@nmsu.edu; kollikkathn1@mail.montclair.edu NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.022 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 081ZZ UT WOS:000240357400006 ER PT J AU Tuskan, GA DiFazio, S Jansson, S Bohlmann, J Grigoriev, I Hellsten, U Putnam, N Ralph, S Rombauts, S Salamov, A Schein, J Sterck, L Aerts, A Bhalerao, RR Bhalerao, RP Blaudez, D Boerjan, W Brun, A Brunner, A Busov, V Campbell, M Carlson, J Chalot, M Chapman, J Chen, GL Cooper, D Coutinho, PM Couturier, J Covert, S Cronk, Q Cunningham, R Davis, J Degroeve, S Dejardin, A Depamphilis, C Detter, J Dirks, B Dubchak, I Duplessis, S Ehlting, J Ellis, B Gendler, K Goodstein, D Gribskov, M Grimwood, J Groover, A Gunter, L Hamberger, B Heinze, B Helariutta, Y Henrissat, B Holligan, D Holt, R Huang, W Islam-Faridi, N Jones, S Jones-Rhoades, M Jorgensen, R Joshi, C Kangasjarvi, J Karlsson, J Kelleher, C Kirkpatrick, R Kirst, M Kohler, A Kalluri, U Larimer, F Leebens-Mack, J Leple, JC Locascio, P Lou, Y Lucas, S Martin, F Montanini, B Napoli, C Nelson, DR Nelson, C Nieminen, K Nilsson, O Pereda, V Peter, G Philippe, R Pilate, G Poliakov, A Razumovskaya, J Richardson, P Rinaldi, C Ritland, K Rouze, P Ryaboy, D Schmutz, J Schrader, J Segerman, B Shin, H Siddiqui, A Sterky, F Terry, A Tsai, CJ Uberbacher, E Unneberg, P Vahala, J Wall, K Wessler, S Yang, G Yin, T Douglas, C Marra, M Sandberg, G Van de Peer, Y Rokhsar, D AF Tuskan, G. A. DiFazio, S. Jansson, S. Bohlmann, J. Grigoriev, I. Hellsten, U. Putnam, N. Ralph, S. Rombauts, S. Salamov, A. Schein, J. Sterck, L. Aerts, A. Bhalerao, R. R. Bhalerao, R. P. Blaudez, D. Boerjan, W. Brun, A. Brunner, A. Busov, V. Campbell, M. Carlson, J. Chalot, M. Chapman, J. Chen, G. -L. Cooper, D. Coutinho, P. M. Couturier, J. Covert, S. Cronk, Q. Cunningham, R. Davis, J. Degroeve, S. Dejardin, A. dePamphilis, C. Detter, J. Dirks, B. Dubchak, I. Duplessis, S. Ehlting, J. Ellis, B. Gendler, K. Goodstein, D. Gribskov, M. Grimwood, J. Groover, A. Gunter, L. Hamberger, B. Heinze, B. Helariutta, Y. Henrissat, B. Holligan, D. Holt, R. Huang, W. Islam-Faridi, N. Jones, S. Jones-Rhoades, M. Jorgensen, R. Joshi, C. Kangasjarvi, J. Karlsson, J. Kelleher, C. Kirkpatrick, R. Kirst, M. Kohler, A. Kalluri, U. Larimer, F. Leebens-Mack, J. Leple, J. -C. Locascio, P. Lou, Y. Lucas, S. Martin, F. Montanini, B. Napoli, C. Nelson, D. R. Nelson, C. Nieminen, K. Nilsson, O. Pereda, V. Peter, G. Philippe, R. Pilate, G. Poliakov, A. Razumovskaya, J. Richardson, P. Rinaldi, C. Ritland, K. Rouze, P. Ryaboy, D. Schmutz, J. Schrader, J. Segerman, B. Shin, H. Siddiqui, A. Sterky, F. Terry, A. Tsai, C. -J. Uberbacher, E. Unneberg, P. Vahala, J. Wall, K. Wessler, S. Yang, G. Yin, T. Douglas, C. Marra, M. Sandberg, G. Van de Peer, Y. Rokhsar, D. TI The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HYBRID POPLAR; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; GRAVITATIONAL INDUCTION; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE GENES; QUAKING ASPEN AB We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Genome Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Genet & Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. Univ Henri Poincare, INRA Nancy, INRA, Tree Microbe Interact Unit, F-54280 Champenoux, France. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Cell & Syst Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Mol Evolutionary Genet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Genet, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. INRA, Unit Forest Improvement Genet & Physiol, F-45166 Olivet, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Fed Res Ctr Forests, A-1140 Vienna, Austria. Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Plant Mol Biol Lab, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Turku, Dept Biol, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Forest Serv, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. MIT, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Genom & Bioinformat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. AlbaNova Univ Ctr, KTH, Dept Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Tuskan, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gtk@ornl.gov RI DUPLESSIS, SEBASTIEN/G-4150-2011; Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Jansson, Stefan/A-1119-2009; LEPLE, Jean-Charles/H-4210-2012; Holt, Robert/C-3303-2009; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008; Tsai, CJ/C-2450-2009; Pereda-Loth, Veronica/A-1296-2011; KALLURI, UDAYA/A-6218-2011; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009; Pilate, Gilles/D-1666-2011; Douglas, Carl/B-1384-2013; Heinze, Berthold/A-8734-2011; Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; Tang, Macy/B-9798-2014; Rombauts, Stephane/D-7640-2014; LEPLE, Jean charles/L-9604-2014; Kangasjarvi, Jaakko/A-3024-2015; Karlsson, Jan/E-7199-2015; Marra, Marco/B-5987-2008; Nieminen, Kaisa/N-9051-2015; Sterck, Lieven/A-9439-2016; CHALOT, Michel/A-1113-2012; Jones, Steven/C-3621-2009; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016; dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016; Pilate, Gilles/E-8784-2017; OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Jansson, Stefan/0000-0002-7906-6891; Tsai, CJ/0000-0002-9282-7704; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730; Heinze, Berthold/0000-0002-7571-9138; Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Rombauts, Stephane/0000-0002-3985-4981; Kangasjarvi, Jaakko/0000-0002-8959-1809; Karlsson, Jan/0000-0002-6002-929X; Sterck, Lieven/0000-0001-7116-4000; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532; Pilate, Gilles/0000-0003-4802-8849; Sterky, Fredrik/0000-0003-3281-8088; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X; Jorgensen, Richard/0000-0002-0382-2371; Gribskov, Michael/0000-0002-1718-0242; Montanini, Barbara/0000-0002-5419-7975; Hamberger, Bjoern/0000-0003-1249-1807; KALLURI, UDAYA/0000-0002-5963-8370; Nilsson, Ove/0000-0002-1033-1909; Cronk, Quentin/0000-0002-4027-7368 NR 79 TC 2011 Z9 2498 U1 32 U2 347 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5793 BP 1596 EP 1604 DI 10.1126/science.1128691 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 083YS UT WOS:000240498900035 PM 16973872 ER PT J AU Vizcarra, JA Ford, JJ AF Vizcarra, Jorge A. Ford, J. Joe TI Validation of the sperm mobility assay in boars and stallions SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mobility; sperm; CASA; boars; stallions ID FOWL GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SEMEN DONOR SELECTION; FERTILITY; PHENOTYPE; MOTILITY; QUALITY; PARAMETERS; TURKEYS AB The sperm mobility assay used in the present study measures the rate of sperm penetration in a biologically inert cell-separation solution (Accudenz). When a sample of sperm is overlaid in a cuvette containing Accudenz, sperm penetrate the solution and absorbance of the sample can be measured with a spectrophotometer. This assay has been successfully used to select chicken and turkey semen donors. We validated this assay for semen from boars and stallions. Absorbance was measured after overlaying fresh semen from each species in prefilled cuvettes for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 min. There were no significant differences when sperm were incubated in prewarmed cuvettes at 37, 39, or 41 degrees C. However, a minimum concentration of 5 x 10(7) viable sperm/mL was needed to evaluate the rate of sperm penetration in boars. Absorbance was half-maximal at 5.4 and 14.1 min for boar and stallion sperm, respectively. Frequency analysis suggested a normal distribution of mobility values for boar sperm. There were positive correlations between mobility values and several computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) parameters. In addition, there was medium repeatability for multiple ejaculates from single males. We concluded that the mobility assay can be used for mammalian sperm and there seemed to be phenotypic variation among boars in mobility estimates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vizcarra, JA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM jorge.vizcarra@ttu.edu OI Vizcarra, Jorge/0000-0002-4037-5216 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.048 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 081ZN UT WOS:000240356200006 PM 16644000 ER PT J AU Hammon, DS Evjen, IM Dhiman, TR Goff, JP Walters, JL AF Hammon, D. S. Evjen, I. M. Dhiman, T. R. Goff, J. P. Walters, J. L. TI Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE periparturient diseases; neutrophils; endometritis; dairy cow ID PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-COWS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; METABOLIC DISORDERS; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; RETAINED PLACENTA; DISEASE; ENDOMETRITIS; ASSOCIATION AB The objectives of this study were to investigate the associations between peripheral blood neutrophil (PMN) function, energy status, and uterine health in periparturient dairy cows. Data were collected from 83 multiparous Holstein cows. Blood samples for PMN function determination were collected weekly from I week prior to calving (week - 1) through 4 weeks after calving and again at 8 weeks after calving. Energy metabolites were measured and dry matter intake (DMI) was determined from weeks -2 to 5 to evaluate energy status of cows during the periparturient period. All cows were examined for uterine health disorders. Blood PMN killing ability was evaluated by determining myeloperoxidase activity and cytochrome c reduction activity in isolated blood PMN's. For cows that were diagnosed with puerperal metritis and subclinical (SC) endometritis and puerperal metritis, blood PMN functions were significantly (P < 0.05) impaired during the periparturient period, compared to cows with normal uterine health. Cows with subclinical endometritis and puerperal metritis or SC endometritis also had significantly (P < 0.01) higher NEFA and significantly (P < 0.001) lower DMI during the periparturient period, and significantly (P < 0.05) higher BHBA during early lactation, compared to cows with normal uterine health. Neutrophil function was also significantly (P < 0.01) impaired in cows with peripartum negative energy balance, which was characterized by elevated blood levels of NEFA and decreased DMI. Decreased PMN function and energy balance were associated with uterine health disorders and the decreases in PMN function and energy balance occurred prior to parturition and prior to the detection of these uterine disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hammon, DS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM douglas.s.hammon@pfizer.com NR 32 TC 232 Z9 239 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.022 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 075AM UT WOS:000239854200003 PM 16740320 ER PT J AU Weber, TE Kerr, BJ AF Weber, Thomas E. Kerr, Brian J. TI Butyrate differentially regulates cytokines and proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pigs; butyrate; cytokine; suppressor of cytokine signaling ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; N-BUTYRATE; T-CELLS; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; IL-10; TH1; INFLAMMATION AB Although butyrate modulates proliferation and cytokine production by PBMC in some species, the role of butyrate as a regulator of immunocyte function in the pig has not been studied. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine whether butyrate influences peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, cytokine secretion and mRNA expression in the pig in vitro. We also sought to determine whether alterations in cytokine production attributable to butyrate were associated with changes in the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3). Porcine PBMC were isolated from venous blood and stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate at 0.2 or 2.0 MM. Butyrate at 2.0 mM suppressed (P < 0.05) ConA-induced PBMC proliferation and led to a paradoxical increase (P < 0.05) in IL-2 mRNA expression. The secretion and mRNA expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by ConA-activated PBMC was increased (P < 0.05) by butyrate at 2.0 mM. Exposing activated PBMC to butyrate at 2.0 mM decreased (P < 0.05) the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10). In contrast, butyrate at 0.2 mM increased (P < 0.05) both IL-10 secretion and mRNA expression. Activation of porcine PBMC with ConA increased (P < 0.05) the expression of SOCS3 mRNA, and butyrate treatment further augmented (P < 0.05) SOCS3 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, pretreatment with the adenyl cyclase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxyadenosine abolished (P < 0.05) the inhibitory effect of 2.0 mM butyrate on IL-10 secretion, and partially reversed (P < 0.05) the increase in IFN-gamma secretion induced by 2.0 mM butyrate. These data indicate that the effect of butyrate on cytokine production by porcine PBMC is dose-dependent, and that butyrate increases the expression of SOCS3 in activated PBMC. In addition, we provide evidence that the effects of butyrate on IFN-gamma and IL-10 production are mediated in part via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weber, TE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM WeberTE@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 075AM UT WOS:000239854200013 PM 16725211 ER PT J AU Lippolis, JD Reinhardt, TA Goff, JP Horst, RL AF Lippolis, John D. Reinhardt, Timothy A. Goff, Jesse P. Horst, Ronald L. TI Neutrophil extracellular trap formation by bovine neutrophils is not inhibited by milk SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophil; innate immunity; milk; dairy cow ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; DAIRY-COWS; DEXAMETHASONE; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; LEUKOCYTES; CASEIN; BLOOD AB Neutrophils are the first line of defense in a mammary gland infection. However, the process of neutrophil transmigration across a membrane and ingestion of fat and/or casein when incubated in milk have been shown to inhibit bacterial phagocytosis and oxidative burst functions. Recently, a killing mechanism has been described whereby stimulated neutrophils release nuclear and granule material in fibrous webs that physically trap and kill bacteria. We demonstrate that these neutrophil extracellular traps are also produced by bovine blood neutrophils stimulated with PMA/ionomycin. Importantly, neutrophil extracellular traps can be formed when neutrophils have been incubated for up to 6 h in milk prior to stimulation. This contrasts milk's rapid inhibition of bacterial phagocytosis and oxidative burst functions in the neutrophil. Furthermore, stimulation of neutrophils with bacteria common to mammary gland infections leads to neutrophil extracellular traps being formed in milk. Some bacteria tested stimulated enhanced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in milk compared to culture media. Therefore, being unaffected by incubation in milk may indicate an important role for neutrophil extracellular traps in defense against mastitis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Peripaturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lippolis, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Peripaturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jlippolis@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 21 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.05.004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 075AM UT WOS:000239854200024 PM 16806491 ER PT J AU Li, RW Li, CJ AF Li, Robert W. Li, CongJun TI Butyrate induces profound changes in gene expression related to multiple signal pathways in bovine kidney epithelial cells SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; COLON-CANCER; IN-VITRO; DNA-REPLICATION; TRICHOSTATIN-A; CYCLIN-A; APOPTOSIS; ACTIVATION; CHROMATIN AB Background: Global gene expression profiles of bovine kidney epithelial cells regulated by sodium butyrate were investigated with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. The bovine microarray with 86,191 distinct 60mer oligonucleotides, each with 4 replicates, was designed and produced with Maskless Array Synthesizer technology. These oligonucleotides represent approximately 45,383 unique cattle sequences. Results: 450 genes significantly regulated by butyrate with a median False Discovery Rate ( FDR) = 0 % were identified. The majority of these genes were repressed by butyrate and associated with cell cycle control. The expression levels of 30 selected genes identified by the microarray were confirmed using real-time PCR. The results from real-time PCR positively correlated ( R = 0.867) with the results from the microarray. Conclusion: This study presented the genes related to multiple signal pathways such as cell cycle control and apoptosis. The profound changes in gene expression elucidate the molecular basis for the pleiotropic effects of butyrate on biological processes. These findings enable better recognition of the full range of beneficial roles butyrate may play during cattle energy metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, and possibly in fighting gastrointestinal pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rli@anri.barc.usda.gov; cli@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 52 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 14 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 234 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-234 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 090TR UT WOS:000240975300001 PM 16972989 ER PT J AU Shaw, SR Marsh, PM Fortier, JC AF Shaw, Scott R. Marsh, Paul M. Fortier, Joseph C. TI Revision of Nearctic Aleiodes Wesmael (part 8): the coxalis (Spinola) species-group (Hymenoptera : Braconidae, Rogadinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Aleiodes; parasitoids; new species ID HERRICH-SCHAEFFER AB The Aleiodes coxalis (Spinola) species-group is defined as including the following previously described species: A. coxalis ( Spinola) 1808, A. bicolor ( Spinola) 1808, signatus (Nees) 1812, A. alternator ( Nees) 1834, A. tristis Wesmael 1838, A. aciculatus Cresson 1869, A. sanctihyacinthi (Provancher) 1880, A. arcticus ( Thomson) 1891, A. incertus (Kokoujev) 1898, A. jakolewi ( Kokoujev) 1898, A. coxator (Telenga) 1941, A. incertoides ( Telenga) 1941, A. satanus ( Telenga) 1941, A. nunbergi (Noskiewicz) 1956, A. negativus ( Tobias) 1961, A. hellenicus (Papp) 1985, A. moldavicus ( Tobias) 1986, A. itamevorus Shaw and Marsh 2004, and A. maritimus Shaw and Marsh 2004. Nine new North American species are described in this paper: A. aquilonius NEW SPECIES, A. brevis NEW SPECIES, A. cultrarius NEW SPECIES, A. dichromatus NEW SPECIES, A. floridensis NEW SPECIES, A. quadratus NEW SPECIES, A. shenefelti NEW SPECIES, A. whartoni NEW SPECIES, and A. wyomingensis NEW SPECIES. The A. coxalis species group is regarded as monophyletic as distinguished by the rugose vertex and sculptured fourth metasomal tergum. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution and biological information are provided for thirteen North American species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Insect Museum, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63013 USA. RP Marsh, PM (reprint author), POB 384, N Newton, KS 67117 USA. EM braconid@uwyo.edu; swampy@southwind.net; fortier@slu.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 14 PY 2006 IS 1314 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 083WS UT WOS:000240489500001 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Willet, JL Gordon, SH Finkenstadt, VL Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Willet, J. L. Gordon, Sherald H. Finkenstadt, V. L. Cheng, H. N. TI Complexation and blending of starch, poly(acrylic. acid), and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; poly(acrylic acid); poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone); poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-iodine; viscosity; complexation and blending ID INTERPOLYMER COMPLEXATION; STRENGTH; POLYMERS AB Starch is often modified to improve its end-use properties. In this work, we sought to improve the properties of starch through noncovalent means, viz., the blending of starch with poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-iodine. An emphasis was placed on the theological and gel forming properties. Starch was found to form a synergistic mixture with poly(acrylic acid). It has no effect on poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) but produces a gel with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) -iodine. The addition of a small amount of a third polymer caused either increased viscosity (at low addition levels) or gel formation (at higher levels). Through gel formation, a large quantity of starch can be incorporated in the interpolymer complex. These observations are rationalized on the basis of specific interactions among the polymers. Several specific compositions of these blends may find applications as thickeners and encapsulating agents. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Hercules Inc, Res Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov; hcheng@herc.com NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD SEP 13 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 088DP UT WOS:000240792000001 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Coffin, DR Onwulata, CI Willett, JL AF Fishman, M. L. Coffin, D. R. Onwulata, C. I. Willett, J. L. TI Two stage extrusion of plasticized pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE pectin; poly(vinyl alcohol); extrusion; film blowing; extruded sheets ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STARCH; PECTIN; FILMS; GLYCEROL AB Blends of pectin with starch (high amylose and normal), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), and glycerol were extruded in a twin screw extruder, pelletized, and then further processed into blown film and extruded sheet using a single screw extruder. The samples were analyzed using tensile measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. PVOH levels of 24% or greater were necessary to successfully make blown film, while extruded sheet could be made at a level of 16% PVOH. Tensile strength and initial modulus of the extruded sheets were slightly higher in the machine direction than in the cross direction, while the reverse was true for elongation to break. For the blown films tensile strength tended to be higher in the transverse direction than in the machine direction, while the reverse was seen for initial modulus. Increased levels of PVOH led to increases in tensile strength and elongation to break, while initial modulus was decreased. Morphology as determined by SEM visually indicated stretching in the transverse direction of the blown films. The second stage extrusion appeared to promote alpha-helix formation in the high amylose starch. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD SEP 13 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 088DP UT WOS:000240792000005 ER PT J AU Shey, J Holtman, KM Wong, RY Gregorski, KS Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Imam, SH AF Shey, Justin Holtman, Kevin M. Wong, Rosalind Y. Gregorski, Kay S. Klamczynski, Artur P. Orts, William J. Glenn, Gregory M. Imam, Syed H. TI The azidation of starch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; azide; modified starch; azidation; amylose; amylopectin ID PRIMARY HYDROXYL-GROUPS; CONVERSION; AZIDES; MILD AB Starch is an inexpensive commodity that has been used for non-food purposes for many years. Some of these uses include cross-linked starches that are synthesized with a variety of multifunctional reagents. One unexplored possibility is the use of azides for cross-linking. To this end, azide derivatives of different starches have been synthesized, including the first reported synthesis of 6-deoxy-6-azido-amylopectin. Lithium salts, which were found to not be essential for the dissolution of starch in the reaction, were replaced with sodium azide. The time for this derivatization reaction to reach completion was determined to be 1 h. N,N-dimethylacetamide was also found to be a suitable solvent. Initial experiments suggest that the azide derivative does cross-link starch when activated by heat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Shey, J (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jshey@pw.usda.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD SEP 13 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 088DP UT WOS:000240792000019 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Vandenberg, NJ AF Gonzalez, Guillermo Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI Review of lady beetles in the Cycloneda germainii species complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae : Coccinellinae : Coccinellini) with descriptions of new and unusual species from Chile and surrounding countries SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Cycloneda; germainii; complex; new species; key; Neotropical; Patagonia; Chile; austral; aphidophagous ID NORTH AB A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii ( Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brethes), C. boliviana ( Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa Gonzalez & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & Gonzalez, n. sp., and C. patagonica Gonzalez & Vandenberg, n. sp. Cycloneda duplaris (Berg) and Arrowella albilacus Brethes, previously synonymized with C. areata Mulsant, are placed as new synonyms of C. germainii; C. boliviana is removed from synonymy with C. areata and reinstated as a full species; C. sicardi ( Brethes) is recognized as the valid replacement name for C. areata Mulsant. All seven species in the C. germainii species complex are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. Geographical distributions, prey associations ( when known), and a key to species are provided. The occurrence of Coccinellini species with reduced ( 10 or 9) or variable numbers of antennomeres is noted for the first time, as well as loss of gender-specific color pattern polymorphism in some of the species studied. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Plant Sci Inst,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), Nocedal 6455 Reina, Santiago, Chile. EM willogonzalez@yahoo.com; nvandenb@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 11 PY 2006 IS 1311 BP 13 EP 50 PG 38 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 082JR UT WOS:000240383300002 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, Michael H. TI Dairy food flavors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tunick, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 46-AGFD BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600117 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Arcinas, A AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Arcinas, Arthur TI Regiospecific analysis of diricinoleoyloleoylglycerol in castor oil using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arcinas, Arthur] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 69-AGFD BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600137 ER PT J AU Sanz, ML Rastall, RA Gibson, GR Cote, GL AF Luz Sanz, Maria Rastall, Robert A. Gibson, Glenn R. Cote, Gregory L. TI Influence of molecular weight in the fermentation of oligosaccharides by gut microflora SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Luz Sanz, Maria] CSIC, Inst Quim Organ Gen, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Rastall, Robert A.; Gibson, Glenn R.] Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. [Cote, Gregory L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 5-AGFD BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600146 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW AF Dorner, Joe W. TI Control of aflatoxins in peanuts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dorner, Joe W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 229-AGFD BP 171 EP 171 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600154 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Wicklow, DT AF Pearson, Thomas C. Wicklow, Donald T. TI Detection and sorting of single symptomatic maize grains infected by different fungal species and contaminated with mycotoxins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pearson, Thomas C.] USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Wicklow, Donald T.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 226-AGFD BP 188 EP 188 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600171 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Yu, JJ Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Palumbo, JD Chan, KL Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Nierman, WC May, GS Campbell, BC AF Kim, Jong H. Yu, Jiujiang Molyneux, Russell J. Mahoney, Noreen Palumbo, Jeffrey D. Chan, Kathleen L. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. Nierman, William C. May, Gregory S. Campbell, Bruce C. TI Natural products as tools for chemogenomic analysis of mycotoxin biosynthesis and fungal stress-response systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Jong H.; Molyneux, Russell J.; Mahoney, Noreen; Palumbo, Jeffrey D.; Chan, Kathleen L.; Campbell, Bruce C.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yu, Jiujiang; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cleveland, Thomas E.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Nierman, William C.] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [May, Gregory S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 224-AGFD BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600175 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Riley, Ronald T. Voss, Kenneth A. TI Differential sensitivity of rat kidney and liver to fumonisin toxicity: Organ specific differences in toxin accumulation and sphingoid base metabolism SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Riley, Ronald T.; Voss, Kenneth A.] USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 120-AGFD BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600180 ER PT J AU Herman, EM AF Herman, Eliot M. TI Producing lower allergen soybeans and the potential of mitigating allergens by crop improvement SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Herman, Eliot M.] USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 52-AGFD BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600182 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Dawson, HD Solano-Aguliar, G AF Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Dawson, Harry D. Solano-Aguliar, Gloria TI Probiotics and parasites combined to explore local tissue responses to food allergens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.; Dawson, Harry D.; Solano-Aguliar, Gloria] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 231-AGFD BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600196 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Campbell, BC Kim, JH Hagerman, AE AF Molyneux, Russell J. Mahoney, Noreen Campbell, Bruce C. Kim, Jong H. Hagerman, Ann E. TI Antioxidant constituents in tree nuts: Health implications and aflatoxin inhibition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Molyneux, Russell J.; Mahoney, Noreen; Campbell, Bruce C.; Kim, Jong H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hagerman, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hughes Lab, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 165-AGFD BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600200 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB AF Whitaker, Thomas B. TI Codex harmonization of aflatoxin limits and sampling plans for treenuts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Whitaker, Thomas B.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 179-AGFD BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600216 ER PT J AU Appell, M Maragos, CM Kendra, DF AF Appell, Michael Maragos, Chris M. Kendra, David F. TI Molecularly imprinted polymers for mycotoxins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Appell, Michael; Maragos, Chris M.; Kendra, David F.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 205-AGFD BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600227 ER PT J AU Shih, FF King, JM Daigle, K An, HJ AF Shih, Frederick F. King, Joan M. Daigle, Kim An, Hee-Joung TI Physico-chemical properties of rice starch modified by hydrothermal treatments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shih, Frederick F.; Daigle, Kim] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [King, Joan M.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 99-AGFD BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600252 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, Mendel Henika, Phillip R. Levin, Carol E. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Antimicrobial wines against foodborne pathogenic bacteria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Henika, Phillip R.; Levin, Carol E.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 13-AGFD BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600254 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Sharma, BK AF Erhan, Sevim Z. Sharma, Brajendra K. TI Vegetable oil based grease with improved oxidative stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, USDA, NCAUR,ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 20-AGFD BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600256 ER PT J AU Ahmedna, M Yu, JM Goktepe, I Maleki, SJ AF Ahmedna, Mohamed Yu, Jianmei Goktepe, Ipek Maleki, Soheila J. TI Processing of peanuts and peanut products for hypoallergenicity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ahmedna, Mohamed; Yu, Jianmei; Goktepe, Ipek] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 50-AGFD BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600257 ER PT J AU Chassaigne, H Tregoat, V Norgaard, JV Maleki, SJ van Hengel, AJ AF Chassaigne, Hubert Tregoat, Virginie Norgaard, Jorgen V. Maleki, Soheila J. van Hengel, Arjon J. TI Detection of peanut allergens in quantitative 2D protein gels using Western blotting and fluorescence detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chassaigne, Hubert; Tregoat, Virginie; Norgaard, Jorgen V.; van Hengel, Arjon J.] European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 155-AGFD BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600266 ER PT J AU Pascale, M Lippolis, V Maragos, CM Visconti, A AF Pascale, Michelangelo Lippolis, Vincenzo Maragos, Chris M. Visconti, Angelo TI Recent developments in trichothecene analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pascale, Michelangelo; Lippolis, Vincenzo; Visconti, Angelo] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod ISPA, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Maragos, Chris M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 204-AGFD BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600269 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Coffin, DR Onwulata, CI Willett, JL AF Fishman, Marshall L. Coffin, David R. Onwulata, Charles I. Willett, J. L. TI Two stage extrusion of plasticized pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fishman, Marshall L.; Coffin, David R.; Onwulata, Charles I.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Willett, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 82-AGFD BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600271 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Avena-Bustillos, RJ Olsen, CW Olson, DA Narayan, R Bechtel, PJ Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ McHugh, TH AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Olsen, Carl W. Olson, Don A. Narayan, Rajnesh Bechtel, Peter J. Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Gregory M. Orts, William J. McHugh, Tara H. TI Barrier and mechanical properties of fish gelatin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Olsen, Carl W.; Olson, Don A.; Narayan, Rajnesh; Imam, Syed H.; Glenn, Gregory M.; Orts, William J.; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, UAF, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 16-AGFD BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600274 ER PT J AU Post, RC AF Post, Robert C. TI A USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) perspective on in-plant controls of ingredients of public health concern SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Post, Robert C.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 220-AGFD BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600282 ER PT J AU Cheng, LW Brandon, DL He, XH Chen, GQ Carter, JM AF Cheng, Luisa W. Brandon, David L. He, Xiaohua Chen, Grace Q. Carter, J. Mark TI Bioavailability of crude ricin in food matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cheng, Luisa W.; Brandon, David L.; He, Xiaohua; Carter, J. Mark] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Crop Improvement Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 64-AGFD BP 300 EP 300 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600283 ER PT J AU Ding, KY Taylor, MM Brown, EM AF Ding, Keyi Taylor, Maryann M. Brown, Eleanor M. TI Chemical and physical evaluation of the crosslinking of bovine hide collagen by genipin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ding, Keyi; Taylor, Maryann M.; Brown, Eleanor M.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ding, Keyi] SWUN, Sichuan, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 89-AGFD BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600287 ER PT J AU Norden, TD AF Norden, Tim D. TI Mycotoxin testing and method performance evaluation at the USDA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Norden, Tim D.] Fed Grain Inspect Serv, USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 180-AGFD BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600292 ER PT J AU He, XH Brandon, DL Chen, GQ McKeon, TA Carter, JM AF He, Xiaohua Brandon, David L. Chen, Grace Q. McKeon, Thomas A. Carter, J. Mark TI AGFD 18 - Detection of castor contamination in ground beef by real-time PCR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [He, Xiaohua; Brandon, David L.; Carter, J. Mark] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chen, Grace Q.; McKeon, Thomas A.] ARS, Crop Improvement Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 18-AGFD BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600293 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ AF Maleki, Soheila J. TI AGFD 32 - Peanut allergy and processing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Maleki, Soheila J.] USDA, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 32-AGFD BP 314 EP 314 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600297 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Serban, A Safar, JG Legname, G Prusiner, SB AF Stanker, Larry H. Serban, Ana Safar, Jiri G. Legname, Giuseppe Prusiner, Stanley B. TI AGFD 199 - Isolation and characterization of new anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanker, Larry H.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Serban, Ana; Safar, Jiri G.; Legname, Giuseppe; Prusiner, Stanley B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Safar, Jiri/G-6512-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 199-AGFD BP 315 EP 315 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600298 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ AF Maleki, Soheila J. TI AGFD 51 - Breeding a hypoallergenic peanut SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Maleki, Soheila J.] USDA, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 51-AGFD BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600300 ER PT J AU Onisko, BC Requena, JR Silva, CJ Dynin, I Carter, JM AF Onisko, Bruce C. Requena, Jesus R. Silva, Christopher J. Dynin, Irina Carter, John Mark TI Mass spectrometric detection of attomole amounts of the prion protein, PrP 27-30, by nanoLC-MS-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Onisko, Bruce C.; Silva, Christopher J.; Dynin, Irina; Carter, John Mark] ARS, FCR, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Requena, Jesus R.] Univ Santiago, Dept Microbiol, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 200-AGFD BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600304 ER PT J AU Mahattanatawee, K Manthey, JA Luzio, G Talcott, ST Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA AF Mahattanatawee, Kanjana Manthey, John A. Luzio, Gary Talcott, Stephen T. Goodner, Kevin L. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Antioxidant, fiber and phenolic content of select tropical fruits grown in Florida SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mahattanatawee, Kanjana; Manthey, John A.; Luzio, Gary; Goodner, Kevin L.; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Talcott, Stephen T.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 168-AGFD BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600324 ER PT J AU Hong, YJ Turowski, M Lin, JT Yokoyama, WH AF Hong, Yun-Jeong Turowski, Maciej Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Yokoyama, Wallace H. TI Determination of hamster fecal bile acids, sterols, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols by a single LC/ELSD method SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hong, Yun-Jeong; Yokoyama, Wallace H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Turowski, Maciej] Dow Chem Co USA, Larkin Lab 216, Methocel Food Grp, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 40-AGFD BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600331 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Turowski, M Lynch, S AF Yokoyama, Wallace H. Turowski, Maciej Lynch, Stephanie TI Plasma cholesterol lowering in hamsters by medium viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcelluloses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yokoyama, Wallace H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Turowski, Maciej; Lynch, Stephanie] Dow Chem Co USA, Larkin Lab 216, Methocel Food Grp, Midland, MI 48667 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 126-AGFD BP 351 EP 351 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600332 ER PT J AU Jordana, M Sun, KV Aris, K Maxim, A Walker, T Maleki, SJ AF Jordana, Manel Sun, Kevin Aris, Katherine Maxim, Andrea Walker, Tina Maleki, Soheila J. TI Experimental modeling and regulation of peanut-induced anaphylaxis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jordana, Manel] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Div Resp Dis & Allergy, Ctr Gene Therapeut, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 31-AGFD BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600336 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Hakk, H Larsen, GL AF Smith, David J. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. TI Tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of sodium 36Cl-perchlorate in lactating goats SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, David J.; Hakk, Heldur; Larsen, Gerald L.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 21-AGRO BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600346 ER PT J AU Yates, SR AF Yates, Scott R. TI Overview of agricultural fumigation: Past, present, and future SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 9-AGRO BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600349 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Merrill, PA Cheng, LW Carter, JM Brandon, DL AF Stanker, Larry H. Merrill, Paul A. Cheng, Luisa W. Carter, John Mark Brandon, David L. TI Development of new monoclonal antibodies specific for Botulinum neurotoxin type A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanker, Larry H.; Merrill, Paul A.; Cheng, Luisa W.; Carter, John Mark; Brandon, David L.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 235-AGRO BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600350 ER PT J AU Seiber, JN AF Seiber, James N. TI Evolution of pesticide use and regulation in agriculture SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Seiber, James N.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 76-AGRO BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600354 ER PT J AU Cabrera, MA Cox, L Koskinen, WC AF Alegria Cabrera, Maria Cox, Lucia Koskinen, William C. TI Soil organic amendment as affecting herbicide fate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alegria Cabrera, Maria; Cox, Lucia] IRNAS CSIC, Seville 41080, Spain. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 114-AGRO BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600355 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J AF Chellemi, Dan O. Mirusso, John TI Innovative approaches for soil fumigation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chellemi, Dan O.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Mirusso, John] Mirusso Enterprises, Delray Beach, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 66-AGRO BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600356 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Pilon, JL Miller, LA Rhyan, JC AF Stahl, Randal S. Pilon, John L. Miller, Lowell A. Rhyan, Jack C. TI Reverse phase high performance chromatography method for the detection of rifampin in bovine plasma SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stahl, Randal S.; Pilon, John L.; Miller, Lowell A.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Rhyan, Jack C.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 20-AGRO BP 416 EP 416 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600359 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ AF Goldade, David A. Stahl, Randal S. Johnston, John J. TI Excretion of 14C-alpha-chloralose from mallard ducks following a single, oral dose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldade, David A.; Johnston, John J.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Stahl, Randal S.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 6-AGRO BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600361 ER PT J AU Rubio, F Parrotta, C Kamp, L Church, J Stanker, LH AF Rubio, Fernando Parrotta, Carmen Kamp, Lisa Church, Jennifer Stanker, Larry H. TI Development of a permethrin magnetic particle-based ELISA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rubio, Fernando; Parrotta, Carmen; Kamp, Lisa; Church, Jennifer] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Stanker, Larry H.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 153-AGRO BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600365 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Breck, SW Callahan, P Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, Randal S. Breck, Stewart W. Callahan, Peggy Johnston, J. J. TI Evaluating the use of trans fatty acids for determining anthropogenic food sources in the diet of bears SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stahl, Randal S.; Breck, Stewart W.; Johnston, J. J.] APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, WS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Callahan, Peggy] Wildlife Sci Ctr, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 245-AGRO BP 439 EP 439 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600382 ER PT J AU Trabue, SL AF Trabue, Steven L. TI Relative humidity and its effect on sampling and analysis of agricultural odorants in air SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trabue, Steven L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 85-AGRO BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600386 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Reddy, KN Rimando, AM Duke, SO Poston, DH AF Nandula, Vijay K. Reddy, Krishna N. Rimando, Agnes M. Duke, Stephen O. Poston, Daniel H. TI Glyphosate metabolism in glyphosate-resistant and susceptible soybean and canola SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nandula, Vijay K.; Poston, Daniel H.] Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 123-AGRO BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600387 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Yates, SR AF Wang, Qiquan Yates, S. R. TI Analysis of manure-derived oxytetracycline in amended soil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Qiquan; Yates, S. R.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 5-AGRO BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600392 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Byrd, A Anderson, RC AF Smith, David J. Byrd, A. Anderson, R. C. TI Effect of dose on residues and disposition of an experimental 36Cl-chlorate product in broilers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, David J.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Byrd, A.; Anderson, R. C.] ARS, FFSRU, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 26-AGRO BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600393 ER PT J AU Yates, SR AF Yates, Scott R. TI Pesticide VOC emissions as an agricultural air quality concern: Predicting emissions to the atmosphere SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 83-AGRO BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600396 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR AF Zheng, Wei Yates, Scott R. TI Persistence of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and halosulfuron-methyl in aqueous solutions: Comparing hydrolytic dissipation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 121-AGRO BP 455 EP 455 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600398 ER PT J AU Denton, DL Wrysinski, J Moore, MT Cooper, CM Robins, P AF Denton, Debra L. Wrysinski, Jeanette Moore, Matthew T. Cooper, Charles M. Robins, Paul TI Benefits of vegetated agricultural drainage ditches as a best management practice (BMP) in Yolo County, California SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Denton, Debra L.] US EPA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Moore, Matthew T.; Cooper, Charles M.] ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 89-AGRO BP 480 EP 480 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600423 ER PT J AU Ashworth, D Yates, S AF Ashworth, Daniel Yates, Scott TI Low-cost methods for reducing 1,3-dichloropropene volatilization from agricultural soil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ashworth, Daniel; Yates, Scott] ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 117-AGRO BP 482 EP 482 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600425 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Cheng, LW He, XH Carter, JM AF Brandon, David L. Cheng, Luisa W. He, Xiaohua Carter, J. Mark TI Development of monoclonal antibodies specific for ricin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brandon, David L.; Cheng, Luisa W.; He, Xiaohua; Carter, J. Mark] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 234-AGRO BP 490 EP 490 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600433 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Gish, TJ McConnell, LL Mckee, LG AF Prueger, John H. Gish, Timothy J. McConnell, Laura L. Mckee, Lynn G. TI Micrometeorological effects on metolachlor volatilization: An 8-year case study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Prueger, John H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gish, Timothy J.; Mckee, Lynn G.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 184-AGRO BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600436 ER PT J AU Williams, RS AF Williams, R. Sam TI PMSE 55-Development of functional polymers and macromolecular architectures for the enhancement of polymer based solar cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, R. Sam] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 119-PMSE BP 496 EP 496 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781700487 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS Tetlow, R AF Kuk, M. Sam Tetlow, Renee TI Gossypol recovery and utilization from cottonseed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kuk, M. Sam; Tetlow, Renee] Nicholls State Univ, SRRC, ARS, USDA,Dept Phys Sci,So Reg Res Ctr, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 122-AGRO BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600442 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Graves, SF Johnston, JJ Howald, G Swift, C Eisemann, JD AF Primus, Thomas M. Graves, Shawna F. Johnston, John J. Howald, Gregg Swift, Catherine Eisemann, John D. TI Determination of brodifacoum in Palmyra Atoll land crab tissue SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Primus, Thomas M.; Graves, Shawna F.; Johnston, John J.; Eisemann, John D.] APHIS, USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Howald, Gregg] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Swift, Catherine] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 18-AGRO BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600446 ER PT J AU Vaillant, GC Pierzynski, GM Ham, JM DeSutter, TM AF Vaillant, Grace C. Pierzynski, Gary M. Ham, Jay M. DeSutter, Tom M. TI Nutrient movement below cattle feedlot operations in Kansas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaillant, Grace C.; Pierzynski, Gary M.; Ham, Jay M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [DeSutter, Tom M.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 194-AGRO BP 508 EP 508 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600451 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Liu, CK Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, LinShu Liu, Cheng-Kung Fishman, Marshall L. Hicks, Kevin B. TI PMSE 108-Nano-structured adhesive biocatalytic coatings and reactive microbial inks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, LinShu; Liu, Cheng-Kung; Fishman, Marshall L.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 576-PMSE BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781700518 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Rodrigues, W Agrawal, A Philips, H Abolencia, E Nuguyen, M Smith, DJ Shelver, WL AF Wang, Guohong Rodrigues, Warren Agrawal, Alpana Philips, Heidi Abolencia, Erma Nuguyen, Michelle Smith, David J. Shelver, Weilin L. TI Stabilization of a ractopamine enzyme conjugate in aqueous solution, a rapid and convenient immunoassay method for the detection of ractopamine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Guohong; Rodrigues, Warren; Agrawal, Alpana; Philips, Heidi; Abolencia, Erma; Nuguyen, Michelle] Immunalysis Corp, Pomona, CA 91767 USA. [Smith, David J.; Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 145-AGRO BP 544 EP 544 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600487 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Tupper, SK Hurley, JC Stahl, RS Primus, TM AF Werner, Scott J. Cummings, John L. Tupper, Shelagh K. Hurley, Jerome C. Stahl, Randal S. Primus, Thomas M. TI Caffeine formulation for avian repellency SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Cummings, John L.; Tupper, Shelagh K.; Hurley, Jerome C.; Stahl, Randal S.; Primus, Thomas M.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 239-AGRO BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600492 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Osbrink, W Ballew, A Lax, AR Duke, SO AF Meepagala, Kumudini M. Osbrink, Weste Ballew, Amelia Lax, Alan R. Duke, Stephen O. TI Natural product based amides against Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meepagala, Kumudini M.; Duke, Stephen O.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Osbrink, Weste; Ballew, Amelia; Lax, Alan R.] ARS, USDA, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70107 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 242-AGRO BP 574 EP 574 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600517 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A AF Goel, Anubha McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba TI Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Delmarva Peninsula SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goel, Anubha; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 230-AGRO BP 587 EP 587 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600530 ER PT J AU Goel, A McConnell, LL Torrents, A Scudlark, J Simonich, SL AF Goel, Anubha McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba Scudlark, Joseph Simonich, Staci L. TI Spray irrigation of treated municipal wastewater as a potential source of atmospheric PBDEs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goel, Anubha] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, Environm Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Eng Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Scudlark, Joseph] Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Simonich, Staci L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 232-AGRO BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600538 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Harman-Fetcho, JA Potter, TL McConnell, LL Rice, CP Curry, R Schaffer, BA AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. Potter, Thomas L. McConnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Curry, Richard Schaffer, Bruce A. TI Atmospheric transport and deposition of pesticides in south Florida SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A.; McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Potter, Thomas L.] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Curry, Richard] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. [Schaffer, Bruce A.] Univ Florida, IFAS Trop REC Homestead, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 231-AGRO BP 598 EP 598 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600541 ER PT J AU Qi, XH Shelver, WL Dong, YY Zou, MQ AF Qi, Xiaohua Shelver, Weilin L. Dong, Yiyang Zou, Mingqiang TI Microfluidic immunochemical ractopamine analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Qi, Xiaohua; Dong, Yiyang; Zou, Mingqiang] Chinese Acad Inspect & Quarantine Sci, R&D, Beijing 100025, Peoples R China. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 154-AGRO BP 600 EP 600 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600543 ER PT J AU Papiernik, S Yates, SR Gan, J Dungan, R Lesch, SM Zheng, W Guo, MX AF Papiernik, Sharon Yates, Scott R. Gan, Jay Dungan, Robert Lesch, Scott M. Zheng, Wei Guo, Mingxin TI Reducing fumigant emissions using surface tarps: Field and laboratory assessments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Papiernik, Sharon] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Yates, Scott R.; Lesch, Scott M.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Gan, Jay; Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dungan, Robert] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Guo, Mingxin] Delaware State Univ, Agr & Nat Resources Dept, Dover, DE 19001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 45-AGRO BP 608 EP 608 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600551 ER PT J AU Lancaster, SH Senseman, SA Haney, RL Hons, FM Chandler, JM AF Lancaster, Sarah H. Senseman, Scott A. Haney, Richard L. Hons, Frank M. Chandler, J. Mike TI Effects of pesticide programs for cotton on soil microbial activity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lancaster, Sarah H.; Senseman, Scott A.; Hons, Frank M.; Chandler, J. Mike] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Haney, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 131-AGRO BP 611 EP 611 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600554 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Scheffler, B Arias, RS Michel, A Netherland, MD AF Dayan, Franck E. Scheffler, Brian Arias, Renee S. Michel, Albrecht Netherland, Michael D. TI Evolution of resistance to phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Arias, Renee S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Michel, Albrecht] Syngenta Crop Protect AG, Herbicide Profiling Biol, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland. [Netherland, Michael D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 109-AGRO BP 618 EP 618 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600561 ER PT J AU Trout, TJ AF Trout, Thomas J. TI Fumigant use trends in California: Response to the MeBr phaseout SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 12-AGRO BP 620 EP 620 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600563 ER PT J AU Wang, D Juzwik, J Fraedrich, S AF Wang, Dong Juzwik, Jennifer Fraedrich, Stephen TI Methyl bromide alternatives for forest tree nurseries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Dong] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, Jennifer] US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraedrich, Stephen] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 31-AGRO BP 624 EP 624 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600567 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR Mastovska, K Senyuva, HZ AF Lehotay, Steven J. Lightfield, Alan R. Mastovska, Katerina Senyuva, Hamide Z. TI Development of an analytical method to quantify and identify multiple pesticides, antibiotics, and other residues in honey SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Lightfield, Alan R.; Mastovska, Katerina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Senyuva, Hamide Z.] TUBITAK, Ankara Test & Anal Lab, TR-06330 Ankara, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 8-AGRO BP 627 EP 627 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600570 ER PT J AU Schaub, JD AF Schaub, James Donald TI Economic feasibility of methyl bromide alternatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schaub, James Donald] USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 10-AGRO BP 628 EP 628 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600571 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR AF Zheng, Wei Yates, Scott R. TI Transformation of two chlorinated fumigants by hydrogen sulfide species SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zheng, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 7-AGRO BP 638 EP 638 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600581 ER PT J AU Remsberg, JR Rice, CP Hyunook, K AF Remsberg, Jarrett Renn Rice, Clifford P. Hyunook, Kim TI Removal of estrogenic compounds in dairy waste lagoons by ferrate(VI): Oxidation/coagulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rice, Clifford P.] USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Remsberg, Jarrett Renn] Middletown High Sch, Middletown, MD 21769 USA. [Hyunook, Kim] Univ Seoul, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 66-ENVR BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604575 ER PT J AU McSweeny, JD Rowell, RM Chen, GC Eberhardt, TL Min, SH AF McSweeny, James D. Rowell, Roger M. Chen, George C. Eberhardt, Thomas L. Min, Soo-Hong TI Removal of heavy metals from water with forest-based materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McSweeny, James D.; Rowell, Roger M.; Chen, George C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Eberhardt, Thomas L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Min, Soo-Hong] Samsung Corp, Songnam, Gyonggi Do, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 206-ENVR BP 687 EP 687 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604618 ER PT J AU Kim, H Sharma, VK McConnell, LL Torrents, A Millner, P Rice, CP Ramirez, M AF Kim, Hyunook Sharma, Virender K. McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba Millner, Patricia Rice, Clifford P. Ramirez, Mark TI Evaluation of ferrate(VI) as an alternative conditioner for wastewater biosolids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Hyunook] Univ Seoul, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] Beltsville Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] DC Water & Sewer Author, Bule Plains Wastewater Treatment Plant, Washington, DC USA. RI Kim, Hyunook/C-9316-2012 OI Kim, Hyunook/0000-0003-1256-480X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 62-ENVR BP 714 EP 714 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604645 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Zukas, A AF Carter, J. Mark Zukas, Audrius TI Sonication induced intermediate in prion conversion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carter, J. Mark] USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 55-BIOL BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600679 ER PT J AU Minto, RE Blacklock, BJ Scheffler, B Jayasuriya, NN AF Minto, Robert E. Blacklock, Brenda J. Scheffler, Brian Jayasuriya, Naomi N. TI Acetylenic fatty acid biosynthesis: Cloning and expression of the first genes from a Basidiomycete SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Minto, Robert E.; Blacklock, Brenda J.; Jayasuriya, Naomi N.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] ARS, USDA, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 89-BIOL BP 827 EP 827 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600730 ER PT J AU Batt, SB Wong, DWS Wagschal, K Lee, CC AF Batt, Sarah B. Wong, Dominic W. S. Wagschal, Kurt Lee, Charles C. TI Expression and secretion of Clostridium cellulovorans XynA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Batt, Sarah B.; Wong, Dominic W. S.; Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 220-BIOL BP 869 EP 869 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600772 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO List, GR AF Adlof, Richard O. List, Gary R. TI ANYL 12-Application of temperature to lipid analysis by silver-ion HPLC: Limitations of the methodology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adlof, Richard O.; List, Gary R.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 12-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601050 ER PT J AU Anjom, M Ro, K Hunt, PG Mahajan, D AF Anjom, Mouzhgun Ro, Kyoung Hunt, P. G. Mahajan, Devinder TI PETR 139-Themrochemical processing of biomass for farm-based economical production of methanol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anjom, Mouzhgun] SUNY Stony Brook, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ro, Kyoung] ARS Coastal Plains, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Hunt, P. G.] ARS, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 139-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605646 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Willet, JL Shogren, RL Erhan, SZ Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Willet, J. L. Shogren, R. L. Erhan, Servim Z. Cheng, H. N. TI POLY 712-New bio-based materials from soybean oil: Hydrazine and related derivatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Willet, J. L.; Shogren, R. L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Erhan, Servim Z.] ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] Hercules Inc Res Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 712-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701473 ER PT J AU Boyd, SA Li, H Teppen, BJ Johnston, CT Laird, DA AF Boyd, Stephen A. Li, Hui Teppen, Brian J. Johnston, Cliff T. Laird, David A. TI GEOC 53-Molecular scale determinants of organic contaminant sorption by clays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boyd, Stephen A.; Li, Hui; Teppen, Brian J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Johnston, Cliff T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Laird, David A.] ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 53-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605282 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. TI ANYL 319-Speciating Campylobacter by proteomic analysis of Its MALDI-TOF protein biomarkers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.] USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 319-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601270 ER PT J AU Franqui-Espiet, D Wagschal, K Lee, CC Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Franqui-Espiet, Diana Wagschal, Kurt Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Robertson, George H. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI CELL 46-Genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel a-L-arabinofuranosidase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Franqui-Espiet, Diana; Wagschal, Kurt; Lee, Charles C.; Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E.; Robertson, George H.; Wong, Dominic W. S.] USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 46-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602123 ER PT J AU Gallagher, S AF Gallagher, Skip TI POLY 544-Solubility study of metal salts in phosphonate functionalized polysiloxane copolymer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gallagher, Skip] USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 544-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701057 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Ludvik, CN Chiou, BS Holtman, K Imam, SH Orts, WJ AF Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artur P. Ludvik, Charles N. Chiou, Bor-Sen Holtman, Kevin Imam, Syed H. Orts, William J. TI CELL 2-Properties of fiber-reinforced extruded starch-based foam SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Glenn, Gregory M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Klamczynski, Artur P.; Orts, William J.] WRRC ARS USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Ludvik, Charles N.; Holtman, Kevin] USDA ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Imam, Syed H.] ARS USDA Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 2-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602179 ER PT J AU Goldberg, SR AF Goldberg, Sabine R. TI GEOC 78-Application of surface complexation models to soil systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Sabine R.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 78-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605315 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RF Kuperberg, JM Lesmes, D Anderson, RT Bayer, P AF Hirsch, Roland F. Kuperberg, J. Michael Lesmes, David Anderson, Robert T. Bayer, Paul TI NUCL 72-The Environmental Remediation Science Program at the Department of Energy's Office of Science SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hirsch, Roland F.; Kuperberg, J. Michael; Lesmes, David; Anderson, Robert T.; Bayer, Paul] USDA, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 72-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605485 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, Lei TI POLY 188-Carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber composites reinforced by defatted soy flour and carbon black co-filler SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jong, Lei] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 188-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701141 ER PT J AU Kim, S AF Kim, Sanghoon TI CELL 11-New technique for the production of biopolymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Sanghoon] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 11-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602186 ER PT J AU Klamczynski, AP Glenn, GM AF Klamczynski, Artur P. Glenn, Gregory M. TI CELL 17-Heat induced microstructural changes in corn and wheat starch granules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Klamczynski, Artur P.] USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Glenn, Gregory M.] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 17-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602210 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Levinson, WE AF Kuo, Tsung Min Levinson, William E. TI BIOT 296-Process development of oxygenated oleochemicals from microbial conversion of plant lipids in batch cultures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kuo, Tsung Min; Levinson, William E.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 296-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601498 ER PT J AU Kwarta, KM Driskell, JD Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Porter, MD AF Kwarta, Karen M. Driskell, Jeremy D. Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. Porter, Marc D. TI ANYL 173-Reduction of incubation times for viral pathogen immunoassays by using elevated temperatures as monitored by atomic force microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kwarta, Karen M.; Driskell, Jeremy D.; Porter, Marc D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.; Neill, John D.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 173-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601217 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Wagschal, K Smith, M Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Wagschal, Kurt Smith, Michael Robertson, George H. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI CELL 56-Discovery and characterization of biomass-degrading enzymes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Charles C.; Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E.; Wagschal, Kurt; Smith, Michael; Robertson, George H.; Wong, Dominic W. S.] USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 56-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602184 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Finkenstadt, VL Liu, CK Coffin, DR Willett, JL Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, LinShu Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Liu, C. K. Coffin, David R. Willett, J. L. Fishman, Marshall L. Hicks, Kevin B. TI CELL 69-Sugar beet pulp and poly(lactic acid) green composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, LinShu; Coffin, David R.; Fishman, Marshall L.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Finkenstadt, Victoria L.; Willett, J. L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Liu, C. K.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 69-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602205 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, Attila E. TI CHED 29-Morning keynote: Public image of chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pavlath, Attila E.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 29-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602767 ER PT J AU Ro, K Hunt, PG Elliott, DC AF Ro, Kyoung Hunt, P. G. Elliott, Douglas C. TI PETR 124-Methane production from catalytic wet gasification of animal manure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ro, Kyoung] ARS Coastal Plains, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Hunt, P. G.] ARS, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Elliott, Douglas C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 124-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605645 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Momany, FA Willett, JL Bosma, WB AF Schnupf, Udo Momany, Frank A. Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. TI CARB 105-DFT studies of DP-4 amylose fragments: Comparison with the disaccharide maltose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schnupf, Udo; Momany, Frank A.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Bosma, Wayne B.] Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 105-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602106 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Patel, AC Biswas, A AF Selling, Gordon W. Patel, Alpa C. Biswas, Atanu TI CELL 5-Improved electrospinning of Zein SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Selling, Gordon W.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Patel, Alpa C.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Biswas, Atanu] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 5-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602120 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Mohamed, A Byars, JA Selling, GW AF Sessa, David J. Mohamed, Abdellatif Byars, Jeffrey A. Selling, Gordon W. TI CELL 70-Thermal and mechanical properties of films from zein reacted with glutaraldehyde SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sessa, David J.; Selling, Gordon W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 70-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602207 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Gonzalez, S Willett, JL Gravier, D Swift, G AF Shogren, Randal L. Gonzalez, Sergio Willett, J. L. Gravier, Daniel Swift, Graham TI CELL 8-Preparation of sorbitol citrate polyesters by reactive extrusion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shogren, Randal L.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gonzalez, Sergio] BASF Inc, Detroit, MI USA. [Gravier, Daniel; Swift, Graham] Folia Inc, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 8-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602109 ER PT J AU Woods, KK Selling, GW AF Woods, Kristen K. Selling, Gordon W. TI CELL 54-Compatible polymer blends of zein and polyvinylpyrrolidone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Woods, Kristen K.] USDA, Plant Polymer Res Grp, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Selling, Gordon W.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 54-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602110 ER PT J AU Yakes, BJ Lipert, RJ Bannantine, JP Porter, MD AF Yakes, Betsy Jean Lipert, Robert J. Bannantine, John P. Porter, Marc D. TI ANYL 325-Novel detection method for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis using surface-enhanced Raman scattering based immunoassays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yakes, Betsy Jean] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yakes, Betsy Jean] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames Lab USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lipert, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab USDOE, Inst Combinatorial Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Porter, Marc D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab USDOE, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Dept Chem & Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 325-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601196 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Greiner, EC Fayer, R AF Trout, James M. Santin, Monica Greiner, Ellis C. Fayer, Ronald TI Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in 1-2 year old dairy cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calves; genotype; Giardia spp; PCR; prevalence ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP.; FARM-ANIMALS; BEEF-CALVES; INFECTION; CANADA AB To determine the prevalence of Giardia genotypes in 12-24 month old dairy heifers, fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using CsCl density gradient centrifugation, were subjected to PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Prevalence of Giardia infection, ranged from 11% to 75% on 14 farms with an average prevalence of 36% (204 positive cattle out of 571 examined). DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 91% of the 204 Giardia isolates were Assemblage E, and 9% were Assemblage A. The prevalence of these genotypes varied greatly from farm to farm, with four farms having exclusively Assemblage E Giardia. Overall, Assemblage E was present in 33% of all animals tested and Assemblage A was present in 3% of the animals. Thus, while many of the heifers were infected with a genotype that is not known to be infectious for humans, 1-2 year old heifers on 10 of 14 farms did harbor zoonotic Assemblage A Giardia. Therefore, heifers cannot be overlooked as a potential source of human infectious cysts in the environment, with some farms representing a much higher risk than others. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jtrout@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.025 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 082PK UT WOS:000240398600003 PM 16647818 ER PT J AU Chopping, MJ Su, LH Laliberte, A Rango, A Peters, DPC Martonchik, JV AF Chopping, Mark J. Su, Lihong Laliberte, Andrea Rango, Albert Peters, Debra P. C. Martonchik, John V. TI Mapping woody plant cover in desert grasslands using canopy reflectance modeling and MISR data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; ENCROACHMENT AB A simplified geometric-optical model (SGM) was inverted using red band reflectance data acquired at 275 m in nine viewing angles from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) flown on NASA's Terra satellite, to provide estimates of fractional woody plant cover for large areas (over 3519 km 2) in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert in New Mexico, USA. The use of the model in these semi-arid environments was enabled by the derivation of a priori estimates of the soil/understory background reflectance response. This was made possible by determining relationships between the kernel weights from a LiSparse-RossThin model adjusted against the same MISR data - together with spectral reflectance data derived from MISR's nadir-viewing camera - and the parameters of the Walthall model used to represent the background. Spatial distributions of retrieved fractional woody plant cover match those of % tree cover in the global MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields product but also include shrubs. Good relationships were obtained with fractional shrub cover measured in pastures in the USDA, ARS Jornada Experimental Range but tree cover in higher elevation and riparian zones was dramatically overestimated as a result of the fixing of crown height and shape parameters. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM choppingm@pegasus.montclair.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 17 AR L17402 DI 10.1029/2006GL027148 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 082WN UT WOS:000240418000010 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Riche, M Gaylord, TG Webb, J Freeman, DW Davis, M AF Rawles, S. D. Riche, M. Gaylord, T. G. Webb, J. Freeman, D. W. Davis, M. TI Evaluation of poultry by-product meal in commercial diets for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops female x M-saxatilis male) in recirculated tank production SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE hybrid striped bass; nutrition; poultry by-product; fish meal replacement; ideal protein ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AMINO-ACID-REQUIREMENTS; TURBOT PSETTA-MAXIMA; SPARUS-AURATA L; FISH-MEAL; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROTEIN-SOURCES; PRACTICAL DIETS; BONE MEAL; ANIMAL PROTEIN AB The efficacy of replacing fishmeal with petfood-grade poultry by-product (PBM) on an ideal protein basis in commercial diets for hybrid striped bass (HSB) was evaluated under production conditions in tank culture. A generic production diet (GEN) for HSB was formulated to contain 45% protein, 12% lipid and 3.7 kcal/kg. Protein in the generic diet was supplied by a mix of animal and plant sources typically used by the industry that included more than 20% select menhaden fishmeal and less than 10% PBM. A positive control diet (GEN+AA) was formulated by supplementing the generic diet with feed-grade Met and Lys to match the level of those amino acids in HSB muscle at 40% digestible protein. Substitution diets were formulated by replacing 35% or 70% of fishmeal in the GEN diet with PBM on a digestible protein basis and then supplementing with Met and Lys (designated 35PBM and 70PBM, respectively) as needed to maintain concentrations of Met and Lys equal to those in the GEN+AA diet. Diet formulation and extrusion were conducted by a commercial mill. Fish were stocked (87 g average initial weight) in three replicated production-scale recirculating culture systems. Diets were initially fed at 4% body weight(.)day(-1) divided into morning and evening feedings and gradually decreased to 1.5% body weight-day(-1) during the 24-week trial. The availability of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in the commercial test diets were determined in a separate trial. All test diets were replete with respect to published requirements of hybrid striped bass; however, available levels of Arg and Thr were first- and second-limiting, respectively, and His was third-limiting, in the replacement diets when compared to the LAA profile of hybrid striped bass muscle. Diet composition significantly (P < 0.05) influenced final weight, weight gain, yield, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, but did not significantly alter feed conversion and muscle ratio. Generally, fish fed the 35% replacement diet (35PBM) performed as well as fish fed the generic diet, whereas fish fed the 70PBM diet not. Fish fed the supplemented genetic diet (GEN+AA) outperformed fish fed the other test diets. Results clearly demonstrate that formulation on an available amino acid basis can significantly improve the performance of current diets for HSB and that petfood-grade poultry by-product can successfully provide nearly half the protein in commercial HSB diets when substituted for fishmeal on an available amino acid basis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Aquaculture Div, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM srawles@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 67 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 8 PY 2006 VL 259 IS 1-4 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.053 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 084UI UT WOS:000240559500041 ER PT J AU McCarthy, FM Wang, N Magee, GB Nanduri, B Lawrence, ML Camon, EB Barrell, DG Hill, DP Dolan, ME Williams, WP Luthe, DS Bridges, SM Burgess, SC AF McCarthy, Fiona M. Wang, Nan Magee, G. Bryce Nanduri, Bindu Lawrence, Mark L. Camon, Evelyn B. Barrell, Daniel G. Hill, David P. Dolan, Mary E. Williams, W. Paul Luthe, Dawn S. Bridges, Susan M. Burgess, Shane C. TI AgBase: a functional genomics resource for agriculture SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; CHICKEN GENOME; GRASS GENOMICS; DATABASE; ANNOTATION; PROTEOMICS; SEQUENCES; ONTOLOGY; REPRESENTATION; INTEGRATION AB Background: Many agricultural species and their pathogens have sequenced genomes and more are in progress. Agricultural species provide food, fiber, xenotransplant tissues, biopharmaceuticals and biomedical models. Moreover, many agricultural microorganisms are human zoonoses. However, systems biology from functional genomics data is hindered in agricultural species because agricultural genome sequences have relatively poor structural and functional annotation and agricultural research communities are smaller with limited funding compared to many model organism communities. Description: To facilitate systems biology in these traditionally agricultural species we have established "AgBase", a curated, web-accessible, public resource http://www.agbase.msstate.edu for structural and functional annotation of agricultural genomes. The AgBase database includes a suite of computational tools to use GO annotations. We use standardized nomenclature following the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature guidelines and are currently functionally annotating chicken, cow and sheep gene products using the Gene Ontology ( GO). The computational tools we have developed accept and batch process data derived from different public databases ( with different accession codes), return all existing GO annotations, provide a list of products without GO annotation, identify potential orthologs, model functional genomics data using GO and assist proteomics analysis of ESTs and EST assemblies. Our journal database helps prevent redundant manual GO curation. We encourage and publicly acknowledge GO annotations from researchers and provide a service for researchers interested in GO and analysis of functional genomics data. Conclusion: The AgBase database is the first database dedicated to functional genomics and systems biology analysis for agriculturally important species and their pathogens. We use experimental data to improve structural annotation of genomes and to functionally characterize gene products. AgBase is also directly relevant for researchers in fields as diverse as agricultural production, cancer biology, biopharmaceuticals, human health and evolutionary biology. Moreover, the experimental methods and bioinformatics tools we provide are widely applicable to many other species including model organisms. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Bagley Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Jackson Lab, Mouse Genome Informat, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Inst Digital Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarthy, FM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, POB 1600, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fmccarthy@cvm.msstate.edu; nw43@msstate.edu; gbm1@msstate.edu; bnanduri@cvm.msstate.edu; lawrence@cvm.msstate.edu; camon@ebi.ac.uk; dbarrell@ebi.ac.uk; dph@informatics.jax.org; Mary_Dolan@umit.maine.edu; wpwilliams@msa-msstate.urs.usda.gov; dsluthe@rs.msstate.edu; bridges@cse.msstate.edu; burgess@cvm.msstate.edu NR 38 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 8 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 229 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-229 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 098HO UT WOS:000241511800001 PM 16961921 ER PT J AU Cheng, NH Liu, JZ Brock, A Nelsono, RS Hirschi, KD AF Cheng, Ning-Hui Liu, Jian-Zhong Brock, Amanda Nelsono, Richard S. Hirschi, Kendal D. TI AtGRXcp, an Arabidopsis chloroplastic glutaredoxin, is critical for protection against protein oxidative damage SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRX5 MONOTHIOL GLUTAREDOXIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; PLANT-GROWTH; STRESS; THIOREDOXIN; GLUTATHIONE AB Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are ubiquitous small heat-stable disulfide oxidoreductases and members of the thioredoxin (Trx) fold protein family. In bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells, Grxs appear to be involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. However, in plants, the physiological roles of Grxs have not been fully characterized. Recently, an emerging subgroup of Grxs with one cysteine residue in the putative active motif (monothiol Grxs) has been identified but not well characterized. Here we demonstrate that a plant protein, AtGRXcp, is a chloroplast-localized monothiol Grx with high similarity to yeast Grx5. In yeast expression assays, AtGRXcp localized to the mitochondria and suppressed the sensitivity of yeast grx5 cells to H2O2 and protein oxidation. AtGRXcp expression can also suppress iron accumulation and partially rescue the lysine auxotrophy of yeast grx5 cells. Analysis of the conserved monothiol motif suggests that the cysteine residue affects AtGRXcp expression and stability. In planta, AtGRXcp expression was elevated in young cotyledons, green tissues, and vascular bundles. Analysis of atgrxcp plants demonstrated defects in early seedling growth under oxidative stresses. In addition, atgrxcp lines displayed increased protein carbonylation within chloroplasts. Thus, this work describes the initial functional characterization of a plant monothiol Grx and suggests a conserved biological function in protecting cells against protein oxidative damage. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Cheng, NH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ncheng@bcm.tmc.edu NR 57 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 8 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 36 BP 26280 EP 26288 DI 10.1074/jbc.M601354200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 080LO UT WOS:000240249500045 PM 16829529 ER PT J AU Brown, TC AF Brown, Thomas C. TI Trends in water market activity and price in the western United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPOT MARKET; TRANSACTIONS; DISPERSION; TRANSFERS AB Over 2000 water market transactions that occurred in the western United States from 1990 to 2003 were examined to learn who sold to whom and for what purpose, how much water was involved, and how much it sold for. The transactions show that much more water changes hands via leases than via sales of water rights. Public agencies and irrigators are the most common lessors, with lessees being fairly evenly distributed across types of buyers. However, with water rights sales, irrigators are by far the most common sellers and municipalities the most common buyers. Across the West in general, the number of leases has been rising in recent years, as have their prices. The prices of water right sales have also been rising, but the number of sales has not. The price of water is highly variable both within and between western states, reflecting the localized nature of the factors that affect water prices. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150-A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM thomas.brown@colostate.edu NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 8 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 AR W09402 DI 10.1029/2005WR004180 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 083BL UT WOS:000240430800001 ER PT J AU Keller, CK White, TM O'Brien, R Smith, JL AF Keller, C. K. White, T. M. O'Brien, R. Smith, J. L. TI Soil CO2 dynamics and fluxes as affected by tree harvest in an experimental sand ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNSATURATED ZONE; JACK PINE; CLEAR-CUT; RESPIRATION; FOREST; EFFLUX; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE; ROOTS AB Soil CO2 production is a key process in ecosystem C exchange, and global change predictions require understanding of how ecosystem disturbance affects this process. We monitored CO2 levels in soil gas and as bicarbonate in drainage from an experimental red pine ecosystem, for 1 year before and 3 years after its aboveground biomass was removed. Lack of physical disturbance, strict prevention of plant regrowth, and a comparison ecosystem without rooted plants facilitated isolation of the microclimatic and biochemical effects of instantaneous canopy removal and cessation of photosynthesis. Preharvest gas-phase CO2 levels fluctuated with growing-season soil temperature but reached their greatest levels (up to 10,000 ppmV) during late winter beneath snow and ice cover. This pattern, and the annual CO2 efflux of similar to 500 g C m(-2) yr(-1), continued for 2 years following harvest; the efflux declined by half in the third year. The surprising continuity of preharvest and postharvest rates of soil CO2 production reflects the replacement of root respiration with microbial respiration of root and litter substrates of declining lability, but boosted by soil temperature increases. Mass balance is consistent with a bulk root+litter exponential decay time (-1/k) of 4-6 years, such that most of the subsurface biomass accumulated over 15 years of tree growth would be lost in a decade after the harvest. The preharvest bicarbonate C efflux, which was less than 0.1% of the gas-phase efflux, trebled after the harvest owing to elimination of evapotranspiration and consequent increases in drainage while soil CO2 levels remained high. A large fraction of this "hydrospheric'' sink for atmospheric CO2 is attributed to weathering under high soil CO2 levels before spring snowmelt and soil-water flushing. These observations suggest that disturbance may enhance long-term chemical-weathering CO2 sinks. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sanborn Head & Associates Inc, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Keller, CK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, POB 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ckkeller@wsu.edu; webb_ty@yahoo.com; robrien@allegheny.edu; jlsmith@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G3 AR G03011 DI 10.1029/2005JG000157 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090ZI UT WOS:000240994500001 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Baser, KHC Aytac, Z Ekici, M Khan, SI Jacob, MR Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Betul Baser, Kemal Husnu Can Aytac, Zeki Ekici, Murat Khan, Shabana I. Jacob, Melissa R. Wedge, David E. TI Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita essential oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salvia macrochlamys; Salvia recognita; essential oil; GC-MS; 1,8-cineole; borneol; camphor; antimalarial activity; antimicrobial activity; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ENANTIOMERIC DISTRIBUTION; COLLETOTRICHUM; TURKEY; CONSTITUENTS AB Essential oils of Salvia macrochlamys and Salvia recognita were obtained by hydrodistillation of dried aerial parts and characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One hundred and twenty identified constituents representing 97.7% in S. macrochlamys and 96.4% in S. recognita were characterized, and 1,8-cineole, borneol, and camphor were identified as major components of the essential oils. The oils were evaluated for their antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Antifungal activity of the essential oils from both Salvia species was nonselective at inhibiting growth and development of reproductive stroma of the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. S. macrochlamys oil had good antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium intracellulare; however, the oils showed no antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria or fungi up to a concentration of 200 mu g/mL. S. recognita oil exhibited a weak antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPUPU, University, MS 38677 USA. Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Gazi Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Dept Biol, TR-06500 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPUPU, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dwedge@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 6593 EP 6597 DI 10.1021/jf0608773 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 078UL UT WOS:000240129700016 PM 16939314 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Gibson, DM Shuler, ML AF Kim, Beum Jun Gibson, Donna M. Shuler, Michael L. TI Effect of the plant peptide regulator, phytosulfokine-alpha on the growth and taxol production from Taxus sp suspension cultures SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE plant peptide regulator; phytosulfokine-alpha; taxol; rescue of productivity; synergistic effect of hormones; plant cell suspension culture ID METHYL JASMONATE; CELL-CULTURES; ALKALOID PRODUCTION; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; VIABILITY; PROLIFERATION; POLYPEPTIDE; ELICITATION; INSTABILITY; SUBCULTURE AB Phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK-alpha) is a small plant peptide (5 amino acids) that displays characteristics typically associated with animal peptide hormones. PSK-alpha was originally isolated based on its mitogenic activity with plant cultures; it has been reported to increase production of tropane alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, although its general influence on secondary metabolite production is unknown. The studies reported in this article were initiated to evaluate the effects of PSK-alpha supplementation on production of Taxo I(TM) (paclitaxel) from plant cell cultures of Taxus sp. particularly when methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is added as an elicitor of secondary metabolism. The response to PSK-alpha supplementation was cell line dependent. Taxus cuspidata P93AF showed no statistically significant response to PSK-alpha supplementation while Taxus canadensis C93AD and T. cuspidata PO93X displayed a concentration-dependent response (up to 100 nM PSK-alpha added in first 24 h of culture) with a decrease in initial growth rate, an increase in cell density (dry weight/fresh weight), and increased Taxol production. More remarkably with T. canadensis (C93AD), a very strong synergistic response of PSK-alpha (100 nM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 mu M) elicitation was observed, resulting in Taxol level of 35.3 +/- 2.1 mg/L or 1.83 +/- 0.02 mg Taxol/g dry cell weight achieved at day 21, a level of approximately 10-fold higher than for either treatment by itself. Although the level of Taxol production achieved is not remarkable, this synergistic treatment was able to partially revive taxane production in cultures that have lost productivity due to extended time (over 10 years) in continuous subculture. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shuler, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI KIM, BEUM JUN/G-6829-2011 OI KIM, BEUM JUN/0000-0003-1797-5026 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1002/bit.20934 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 076HG UT WOS:000239947000002 PM 16586507 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Sheng, S AF Cote, Gregory L. Sheng, Suzie TI Penta-, hexa-, and heptasaccharide acceptor products of alternansucrase SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oligosaccharides; alternansucrase; prebiotic; low-glycemic sweetener; maltese; sucrose; glucansucrase ID ALPHA-D-(1->3) BRANCH LINKAGES; MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLUCANSUCRASE AB In the presence of suitable acceptor molecules, dextransucrase makes a homologous series of oligosaccharides in which the isomers differ by a single glucosyl unit, whereas alternansucrase synthesizes one trisaccharide, two tetrasaccharides, etc. For the example of maltose as the acceptor, if one considers only the linear, unbranched possibilities for alternansucrase, the hypothetical number of potential products increases exponentially as a function of the degree of polymerization (DP). Experimental evidence indicates that far fewer products are actually formed. We show that only certain isomers of DP > 4 are formed from maltose in measurable amounts, and that these oligosaccharides belong to the oligoalternan series rather than the oligodextran series. When the oligosaccharide acceptor products from maltose were separated by size-exclusion chromatography and HPLC, only one pentasaccharide was isolated. Its structure was alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glc. Two hexasaccharides were formed in approximately equal quantities: alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glc and alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-g-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glc. Just one heptasaccharide was isolated from the reaction mixture, alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glc. We conclude that the enzyme is incapable of forming two consecutive alpha-(1 -> 3) linkages, and does not form products with more than two consecutive alpha-(1 -> 6) linkages. The distribution of products may be kinetically determined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 4 PY 2006 VL 341 IS 12 BP 2066 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.044 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 068MG UT WOS:000239377600011 PM 16716279 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, Badal C. TI Production of mannitol from inulin by simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation with Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inulin; mannitol production; Lactobacillus intermedius; pH-controlled fermentation; lactic acid production ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FRUCTOSE; ETHANOL AB The production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 using inulin as a substrate was investigated at pH 5.0 and 37 degrees C. The bacterium produced mannitol (106.2 +/- 0.3 g l(-1)) from dilute acid hydrolyzate (pH 2.0, 121 degrees C, 15 min) of inulin (150 g l(-1)) in 34 h. It also produced mannitol from inulin by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at pH 5.0 and 37 C using inulinase (8 U g(-1) substrate). From 300 g l(-1) inulin, the L. intermedius B-3693 produced 207.4 +/- 1.2 g mannitol in 72 h by SSF. The fermentation time decreased from 72 to 62 h using a mixture of fructose and inulin (1:1, total, 300 g l(-1)). When fructose and inulin mixture (3:5, total 400 g l(-1)) was used as substrate, the bacterium produced 227.9 +/- 1.8 g mannitol l(-1) from both inulin and fructose with a yield of 0.57 g g(-1) substrate after 110 h of SSF. This is the highest level of mannitol ever produced by a microorganism reported in literature. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 072SY UT WOS:000239694500004 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Li, XL Iten, LB Jordan, DB O'Bryan, PJ Cotta, MA AF Dien, B. S. Li, X. -L. Iten, L. B. Jordan, D. B. O'Bryan, P. J. Cotta, M. A. TI Enzymatic saccharification of hot-water pretreated corn fiber for production of monosaccharides SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; bioethanol; hemicellulases; hot-water pretreatment ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERULIC ACID; MAIZE BRAN; ENZYMES; HEMICELLULOSE; FRACTIONATION; HETEROXYLANS; HYDROLYSIS AB Corn fiber, currently produced at wet milling facilities, is readily available as a potential feedstock for production of fermentable sugars. Destarched corn fiber (DSCF) can be conveniently prepared for enzymatic saccharification by treating with liquid hot-water. Treating DSCF with hot-water (14W-DSCF) at 160 degrees C for 20 min dissolved 58% of the solids and 75% of the xylan. Preparations of hydrolytic enzymes were next used to saccharify the cellulose and xylan. The needed enzymes were prepared from culture supernatants of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 and Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001, each grown on HW-DSCR The harvested cultures were found to have a broad range of carbohydrase activities. The enzyme profiles varied considerably from one another and the preparations were determined to be most effective for saccharifying HW-DSCF when used in combination. Monosaccharide sugar yields obtained using the blended preparations were 74 and 54% of the available arabinose and xylose, respectively. Arabinose and xylose yields were both further increased to 80% by, increasing the hot-water pretreatment time to 30 min and adding a commercial preparation of beta-glucosidase, which also contained beta-xylosidase side-activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dienb@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 26 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.022 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 072SY UT WOS:000239694500025 ER PT J AU Gohain, N Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, DV Blankenfeldt, W AF Gohain, Neelakshi Thomashow, Linda S. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Blankenfeldt, Wulf TI The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of PhzM, a phenazine-modifying methyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PYOCYANIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; 1-HYDROXYPHENAZINE; PROTEINS; PIGMENTS; INVITRO AB Pyocyanin, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and more than 70 related compounds collectively known as phenazines are produced by various species of Pseudomonas, including the fluorescent pseudomonad P. aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. P. aeruginosa synthesizes a characteristic blue water-soluble compound called pyocyanin (1-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenazine). Two enzymes designated PhzM and PhzS are involved in the terminal steps of its synthesis and very little is known about these enzymes. In this study, PhzM, a dimeric S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, was purified and crystallized from PEG 3350/sodium cacodylate/sodium citrate pH 6.5. The crystals belong to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 46.1, b = 61.8, c = 69.6 angstrom, alpha = 96.3, beta = 106.6, gamma = 106.9 degrees. They contain one dimer in the asymmetric unit and diffract to a resolution of 1.8 angstrom. Anomalous data to 2.3 angstrom resolution have been collected from seleno-L-methionine-labelled PhzM. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blankenfeldt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Gohain, Neelakshi/P-7493-2015; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010 OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 62 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1107/S1744309106029149 PN 9 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 079XZ UT WOS:000240212500014 PM 16946471 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rosenthal, BM Morales, JA Alfaro, A AF Dubey, J. P. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Morales, Juan A. Alfaro, Alejandro TI Morphologic and genetic characterization of Sarcocystis sp from the African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, from Costa Rica SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE African grey parrot; Psittacus erithacus; Didelphis; sarcocysts; sarcocystis; coccidia; Costa Rica ID SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIS-ALBIVENTRIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SP PROTOZOA; FALCATULA; APICOMPLEXA; PARASITE; NEURONA; BIRDS AB A species of Sarcocystis is reported from a naturally infected African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus, from Costa Rica. Only mature sarcocysts, measuring up to 2 mm in length and up to 750 mu m in width, were observed. The sarcocyst wall was smooth. The villar protrusions on the sarcocyst wall were up to 5 mu m long and up to 1.1 mu m wide; they were folded over the sarcocyst wall giving a thin-walled appearance. The microtubules in villar protrusions were smooth and confined to villar protrusions. Bradyzoites in sections were 5.4-6.6 x 1.3-2.0 mu m in size. Sequencing the small subunit and first internal transcribed spacer portions of ribosomal DNA related this parasite to, but distinguished it from, previously characterized species of Sarcocystis that encyst in the musculature of birds and complete their sexual development in New World opossums of the genus Didelphis. This evidence suggests that the parrot may have acquired its infection from an opossum from which it suffered a debilitating attack a year prior to the onset of depression, anorexia, and ultimately death. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma, Dept Patol, Escuela Med Vet, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WITOLD STEFANSKI INST PARASITOLOGY PI WARSAW PA TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.2478/s11686-006-0026-4 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 087CE UT WOS:000240719200001 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Saseendran, SA Ma, L Flerchinger, GN Green, TR Ahuja, LR AF Yu, Q Saseendran, SA Ma, L Flerchinger, GN Green, TR Ahuja, LR TI Modeling a wheat-maize double cropping system in China using two plant growth modules in RZWQM SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE agricultural system; crop growth model; evapotranspiration; soil water; soil temperature; wheat; maize; North China Plain ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FIELD AB Agricultural system models are potential tools for evaluating soil-water-nutrient management in intensive cropping systems. In this study, we calibrated and validated the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) with both a generic plant growth module (RZWQM-G) and the CERES plant growth module (RZWQM-C) for simulating winter wheat (Tritictim aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping systems in the Northern China Plain (NCP), China. Data were obtained from an experiment conducted at Yucheng Integrated Agricultural Experimental Station (36 degrees 57'N, 11 degrees 36'E, 28 m asl) in the North China Plain (NCP) from 1997 to 2001 (eight crop seasons) with field measurements of evapotranspiration, soil water, soil temperature, leaf area index (LAI), biomass and grain yield. Using the same soil water and nutrient modules, both plant modules were calibrated using the data from one crop sequence during 1998-1999 when detailed measurements of LAI and biomass growth were available. The calibrated models were then used to simulate maize and wheat production in other years. Overall simulation runs from 1997 to 2001 showed that the RZWQM-C model simulated grain yields with a RMSE of 0.94 Mg ha(-1) in contrast to a RMSE of 1.23 Mg ha(-1) with RZWQM-G. The RMSE for biomass simulation was 2.07 Mg ha(-1) with RZWQM-G and 2.26 Mg ha(-1) with RZWQM-C model. The RMSE values of simulated evapotranspiration, soil water, soil temperature and LAI were 1.4 mm, 0.046 m(3) m(-3), 1.75 degrees C and 1.0 for RZWQM-G and 1.4 mm, 0.047 m(3) m(-3), 1.84 degrees C and 1.1 for RZWQM-C, respectively. The study revealed that both plant models were able to simulate the intensive cropping systems once they were calibrated for the local weather and soil conditions. Sensitivity analysis also showed that a reduction of 25% of current water and N applications reduced N leaching by 24-77% with crop yield reduction of 1-9% only. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 457 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.10.009 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 032MH UT WOS:000236778100011 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Pote, DH Ares, A AF Burner, D. M. Pote, D. H. Ares, A. TI Foliar and shoot allometry of pollarded black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L. SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE allometric relationship; foliar mass; nonlinear analysis; shoot diameter; shoot mass ID BIOMASS; TREE; PLANTATIONS; BROWSE; GROWTH; YIELD; PRODUCTIVITY; FREQUENCY; DIAMETER; SEASON AB Browse of multipurpose tree species such as black locust could be used to broaden grazing options, but the temporal distribution of foliage has not been adequately studied. Our objective was to determine effects of harvest date, P fertilization (0 and 600 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), and pollard height (shoots clipped at 5-, 50-, and 100-cm above ground) on foliar and shoot allometry of black locust. The experiment was conducted on a naturally regenerated 2-yr-old black locust stand (15,000 trees ha(-1)). Basal shoot diameter and foliar mass were measured monthly in June to October 2002 and 2003. Foliar and shoot dry mass (Y) was estimated from basal shoot diameter (D) by the function Y = aD(b), with regression explaining >= 95% of variance. Allometry of foliar mass was affected by harvest date, increasing at a greater rate with D in September than in June or July, but not by P fertilization or pollard height. Foliar mass was predicted best by month-specific equations for the June to October growth interval. Allometry of shoot dry mass was unaffected by harvest date, P fertilization, or pollard height. These equations could be used as a first approximation of foliar and shoot mass for pollarded black locust. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 68 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10457-006-0001-y PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 085ON UT WOS:000240613500004 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Minoura, T Imaeda, M AF Steiner, Jeffrey J. Minoura, Toshimi Imaeda, Mariko TI An automated template approach for generating web-based conservation planning worksheets SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An automated web-form generator system was created to rapidly produce dynamic web-based inventory and assessment worksheets that are used by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to describe the condition of natural resources on farms and ranches. These worksheets are used by NRCS as part of the criteria for creating a conservation plan to qualify landowners for payments under the USDA Farm Bill Conservation Title. Presently, most worksheets are filled out by hand or in personal computer spreadsheets. If worksheets such as these were available over the web, landowners could also self-assess the conditions on their farms or ranches before requiring assistance of NRCS conservation planners or technical service providers. Because many conservation worksheets have a similar style and behavior, we created an automated web-script generator that produces a dynamic web-page worksheet from a common template rile and a configuration rile. A worksheet-specific configuration rile provides the details for the worksheet. The template, configuration riles, and web scripts are all in PHP (PHP hypertext processor). Each configuration rile required approximately 5 h to program, a savings of more than 4 d compared with a web-based worksheet programmed individually with a scripting language. In this way, various conservation worksheets can be quickly created for the web, as well as be easily maintained. As an example, we produced a suite of assessment worksheets used by Oregon NRCS with our automated web-form conservation worksheet system. Those worksheets are accessible at: http:// yukon.een.orst.edu/ms_apps/wq_indexes/forms/index_menu.html (verified 5 May 2006). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SE Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jjs@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1186 DI 10.2134/agrong2005.0142 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500002 ER PT J AU Timlin, D Rahman, SML Baker, J Reddy, VR Fleisher, D Quebedeaux, B AF Timlin, Dennis Rahman, S. M. Lutfor Baker, Jeffery Reddy, V. R. Fleisher, David Quebedeaux, Bruno TI Whole plant photosynthesis, development, and carbon partitioning in potato as a function of temperature SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; ELEVATED CO2; DARK RESPIRATION; SEASONAL CARBON; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; DIOXIDE; CANOPY; FIELD AB Knowledge of temperature effects on whole canopy photosynthesis, growth, and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is important for crop model development and evaluation. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of temperature on canopy photosynthesis, development, growth, and partitioning of potato cv. Atlantic under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (700 mu L L-1 CO2)Potato plants were grown in day-fit plant growth chambers at six constant day/night temperatures, (12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C) during a 52-d experimental period in 1999 in Beltsville, MD. Main stem length and main stem expanded leaf number were measured nondestructively at 4 d intervals while leaf, stem, root, and tuber weights were obtained by destructive harvesting at biweekly time intervals. Canopy level net photosynthesis (P-N) was obtained from gas exchange measurements. The optimum temperature for canopy photosynthesis was 24 degrees C early in the growth period and shifted to lower temperatures as the plants aged. Total end-of-season biomass was highest in the 20 degrees C treatment. End-of-season tuber mass and the ratio of tuber to total biomass decreased with increasing temperature above 24 degrees C. Accumulated biomass was a linear function of total C gain with a common slope for all treatments. However, the proportion of C allocated to tubers decreased with increasing temperatures. High respiration losses decreased total C gain at higher temperatures. When simulating photosynthesis and C assimilation in crop models, source-sink relationships with temperature and photosynthesis need to be accounted for. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Crop Susy & Global Climate Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Timlin, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Crop Susy & Global Climate Change Lab, Bldg 002,Room 342,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dtimlin@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 48 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1195 EP 1203 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0260 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500004 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Neel, JPS Ruckle, JM AF Belesky, D. P. Neel, J. P. S. Ruckle, J. M. TI Prairiegrass-brassica hybrid swards for autumn dry matter production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BROMUS-CATHARTICUS VAHL.; EASTERN USA; COMPETITION; QUALITY; HAY AB Stockpiling herbage can redistribute nutrient availability and supplement quantity for livestock, depending on production objectives. Brassicas (Brassica spp.) and improved prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) cultivars are adapted to growing conditions occurring in the Appalachian region and provide nutritionally valuable herbage in autumn; however, highly digestible brassica herbage may require supplementation with a fibrous companion species for efficient rumen microbe function and nutrient use by grazers. A prairiegrass-brassica hybrid [B. rapa L. x B. rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt.] mixture and pure stands of each were established to determine productivity and nutritive value of stockpiled stands in autumn. Field plots were established in late June of 2003 and 2004, and clipping began 74 and 63 d after planting, respectively. Prairiegrass co-established with brassica hybrid and could be harvested in the establishment year. Sown species and year interacted to influence stand composition, dry matter productivity, and nutritive value. Dry conditions occurred shortly after planting in 2003 and slowed brassica hybrid establishment and productivity. Total dry matter varied for monospecific and mixed stands of prairiegrass and brassica hybrid each year, as did distribution during the season. Nutritive value varied with years and met or exceeded values suggested for efficient rumen microbe function. Herbage growth continued for about 80 d after the first clip in early September for all sward types and demonstrated the compatibility of co-seeded prairiegrass and brassica hybrid as well as the suitability of the mixture to provide adequate herbage mass and nutritive value when stockpiled in autumn. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1227 EP 1235 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0037 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500008 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Truman, CC Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Strickland, TC AF Sullivan, Dana G. Truman, Clint C. Schomberg, Harry H. Endale, Dinku M. Strickland, Timothy C. TI Evaluating techniques for determining tillage regime in the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; RESIDUE COVER; CROP RESIDUES; PLANT LITTER; REFLECTANCE; SURFACE; FLUORESCENCE; CORN AB Reduced tillage and residue management can have significant impacts on soil and water quality, primarily through the accumulation of soil organic C. Yet, methods of tillage and residue cover assessment are time and resource intensive, and often do not yield spatially representative results. A major goal of this study was to compare new remote sensing (RS) indices with the current line-transect approach for differentiating between conventional (CT) and conservation tillage systems. Experimental plots were located in two physiographic regions in Georgia: the Southern Piedmont and Southern Coastal Plain. Treatments consisted of no tillage (NT) or CT at the Piedmont site, and strip-tillage (ST) or CT at the Coastal Plain site. Remotely sensed data were acquired three times prior to canopy closure, using a handheld multispectral radiometer (485-1650 nm) and thermal imager (7000-14000 nm). Soil texture and soil water content were measured to assess the impact of changes in soil background reflectance on crop residue assessments. Results showed that differences in spectral response between CT and conservation tillage systems were best observed using a normalized difference ratio of near infrared (NIR) (1650 +/- 100 nm) and blue (485 +/- 45 nm) spectra under dry conditions and low canopy cover (< 25%). Differences in soil texture and color were the primary limiting factors in differentiating between tillage treatments. However, using readily available soil survey data, our data indicate that visible and NIR spectra can be used to rapidly differentiate between CT and conservation tillage systems in the Georgia Southeastern Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic regions. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, So J Phil Campvell Sr Nat Resource Consernat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1236 EP 1246 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0294 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500009 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH McDaniel, RG Mallard, E Endale, DM Fisher, DS Cabrera, ML AF Schomberg, Harry H. McDaniel, Richard G. Mallard, Eddie Endale, Dinku M. Fisher, Dwight S. Cabrera, Miguel L. TI Conservation tillage and cover crop influences on cotton production on a southeastern US coastal plain soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT-GROWTH; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; RESIDUE; YIELD; PLACEMENT; STRENGTH; SYSTEMS; ACCUMULATION; COMPACTION; CLOVER AB Understanding cover crop and tillage system interactions within specific environments can help maximize productivity and economic returns of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) produced on sandy coastal plain soils of the southeastern USA. A strip-plot design with three replications was used to evaluate the cover crops Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum L. ssp. arvense (L.)], balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa), oil seed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) and tillage (strip and none) influences on cotton grown on a Bonifay fine sand (loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudults) near Waynesboro, GA from 1999 to 2003. Drought influenced production 3 of 4 yr. Cover crop biomass was greatest from rye, intermediate from black oat, oilseed radish, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea contained more than 80 kg N ha(-1) while other cover crops averaged < 40 kg N ha-(1.) Cotton yields following black oat and rye had returns above variable costs ha(-1) $461 and $406, respectively. Strip-tillage increased yields by 192 kg ha(-1) and annual returns by $112 ha(-1) over no-tillage, most likely due to improved available water. Combining strip-tillage with black oat was the best combination for maximizing profit. Using black oat with strip-tillage could increase cotton profit by $50 to $75 ha(-1) compared to systems using rye on the 1.45 million ha of cotton where conservation systems have been adopted. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campvell Sr Nat Resource Consercat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coop Ext Serv, Waynesboro, GA USA. Monsanto Co, Waynesboro, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campvell Sr Nat Resource Consercat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. EM hhs1@uga.edu NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1256 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0335 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500010 ER PT J AU Buergler, AL Fike, JH Burger, JA Feldhake, CM McKenna, JR Teutsch, CD AF Buergler, Alicia L. Fike, John H. Burger, James A. Feldhake, Charles M. McKenna, James R. Teutsch, Chris D. TI Forage nutritive value in an emulated silvopasture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID C4 PERENNIAL GRASSES; TALL FESCUE; GROWTH; SHADE; PREFERENCE; QUALITY; PASTURES; SHEEP; CUT; C3 AB Incorporating trees into pastures may alter forage nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive value in response to trees and slope position in an emulated (no animals) silvopasture. In 1995, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) trees were planted within three block plots of predominantly tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) pasture. Soils on the site, (Unison and Braddock) are fine, mixed mesic Typic Hapludults, well drained, with moderately steep slopes (10-25%). Trees were planted down slopes in rows to create low-, medium-, and high-tree densities at shoulder-, mid-, and toe-slope positions. Forage from sampling sites (n = 54) under field treatment combinations was harvested May, June, and July in 2002 and 2003. Concentrations of neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and Ca, P, Mg, and K were determined. Few differences due to treatment were observed for NDF and ADF concentrations. Concentrations of TNC decreased with greater tree density and appeared to follow tree leaf growth. Crude protein concentrations were typically greater under honey locust trees. Forage mineral concentrations frequently were greater with increased tree density. Trees appear to have both positive and negative effects on forage nutritive value, and their effects on animal performance warrants further research. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, ASFRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Tech, So Piedmont Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Blackstone, VA 23824 USA. RP Fike, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jfike@vt.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1265 EP 1273 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0199 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500012 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, DA Coblentz, WK Coffey, KR Hubbell, DS Smith, IE Humphry, JB Jennings, JA Ogden, RK Turner, JE AF Scarbrough, D. A. Coblentz, W. K. Coffey, K. R. Hubbell, D. S., III Smith, I. E. Humphry, J. B. Jennings, J. A. Ogden, R. K. Turner, J. E. TI Effects of forage management on the nutritive value of stockpiled bermudagrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED GRAZING SYSTEMS; SITU DRY-MATTER; IN-SITU; TALL FESCUE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SUMMER ACCUMULATION; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; FIBER DEGRADATION; INITIATION DATE; LOW ELEVATIONS AB 'Common' and 'Tifton 44' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] located near Fayetteville and Batesville, AR, respectively, were chosen to evaluate the effects of stockpiling initiation date (August or September), and N fertilization rate (0, 37, 74, or 111 kg N ha(-1)) on the nutritive value of fall-stockpiled bermudagrass. At the Fayetteville location, there were initiation X harvest date interactions for acid detergent fiber (ADF, P = 0.003), hemicellulose (P = 0.003), cellulose (P = 0.0003), lignin (P = 0.007), and crude protein (CP, P = 0.008) in 2000, and strong interactions (P <= 0.001) for all response variables in 2001. Generally, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ADF, cellulose, and lignin increased over harvest dates for both initiation dates in 2000, although increases for lignin were only numerical (P > 0.05) for the September initiation date. Similar responses were observed for the August initiation date in 2001, but fiber components for the September 2001 initiation date declined over time because of contamination by other winter-annual species. For August initiation dates in 2000 and 2001, in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) declined linearly (P <= 0.002) over harvest dates, reaching respective minima of 330 and 361 g kg(-1). At the Batesville site, an N fertilization effect (P <= 0.017) was observed for NDF, ADF, and CP in both 2000 and 2001. A similar effect was observed for lignin (P = 0.001) and IVOMD (P < 0.0001) in 2000, and for cellulose (P = 0.0004) during 2001. Fertilization with N at the initiation of stockpiling generally reduced fiber components, and increased CP; however, IVOMD was increased for 2000 only. As observed for the Fayetteville site, most fiber components increased over harvest dates, while IVOMD declined concomitantly. Generally, the nutritive value of stockpiled bermudagrass declines between mid-October and mid-December, and spring-calving beef cows in the Upper South may need to be supplemented with energy to maintain body condition in the late fall or early winter. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Exp Stn, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. Arkanses Coop Extens Serv, Anim Sci Sect, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Res Stn, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Exp Stn, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM coblentz@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1289 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0012 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500014 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Reule, CA AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Reule, Curtis A. TI Irrigated corn and soybean response to nitrogen under no-till in northern Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON; ROTATION; YIELD; FERTILIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Irrigated, no-till (NT) production systems can potentially reduce soil erosion, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional till (CT) systems. Including a legume in the rotation may also reduce N fertilizer requirements. Nitrogen fertilization (6 N rates) effects on irrigated, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] yields in a corn-soybean rotation were evaluated for 5 yr on a clay loam soil to determine the viability of an irrigated NT system and N needs for optimum crop yield. Corn grain yields were significantly increased by N fertilization each of 3 yr in the rotation, but soybean grain yields (2 yr) did not respond to N fertilization, averaging 2.79 Mg ha(-1). Three year average corn grain yields were near maximum with an available N (AN) (soil + fertilizer + irrigation water N) level of 257 kg N ha(-1). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by corn and soybean, based on grain N removal, decreased with increasing AN level and ranged from 155 to 46 and 88 to 18 kg grain kg(-1) AN for the low and high N treatments for corn and soybean, respectively. Estimated total N required to produce one Mg grain at maximum yield averaged 20 kg N for corn and 54 kg N for soybean. Corn residue increased with increasing N rate, but soybean residue was constant across N rates. Excellent irrigated, NT corn yields were obtained in this corn-soybean rotation for northern Colorado, but soybean yields were only marginally acceptable. Short soybean plant height (30-40 cm) and shattering made combine harvest difficult resulting in significant grain loss. Improved soybean cultivars are needed for this area to make a corn-soybean rotation a viable production system. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1374 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0065 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087DA UT WOS:000240721500025 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Seitz, HK Chavez, PPRG Liu, C Wang, Y Bannasch, P Russell, RM AF Wang, Xiang-Dong Seitz, Helmut K. Chavez, Pollyanna P. R. G. Liu, Chun Wang, Yan Bannasch, Peter Russell, Robert M. TI Alcohol, retinoids and hepatocellular cancer SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress on Alcohol Research CY SEP 10-13, 2006 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab,JM, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Salem Med Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 9 SU S BP 58A EP 58A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 075XE UT WOS:000239919900054 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Carpenter, MA Kusek, JW Hunsicker, LG Pfeffer, MA Levey, AS Jacques, PF McKenney, J AF Bostom, Andrew G. Carpenter, Myra A. Kusek, John W. Hunsicker, Lawrence G. Pfeffer, Marc A. Levey, Andrew S. Jacques, Paul F. McKenney, Joyce CA FAVORIT Invest TI Rationale and design of the folic acid for vascular outcome reduction in transplantation (FAVORIT) trial SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RISK-FACTOR; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; RECIPIENTS; PLASMA AB Background Patients with chronic kidney disease, including kidney transplant recipients, are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to the constellation of traditional CVD risk factors in chronic kidney disease, elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) is notably Tore prevalent among the general population. The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation (FAVORIT) trial is designed to evaluate whether lowering tHcy using vitamin supplementation reduces CVD events in renal transplant recipients. Methods FAVORIT is a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants are clinically stable renal transplant recipients who are 6 months or longer posttransplant with elevated tHcy. Patients are randomized to a multivitamin that includes either a high-dose or low-dose of folic acid (5 or 0 mg), vitamin B-6 (50 or 1.4 mg), and vitamin B-12 (1000 or 2 mu g). The primary end point is a composite of incident or recurrent CVD outcomes, that is, coronary heart, cerebrovascular, or abdominal aortic/lower extremity arterial events. A sample size of,4000 is estimated to provide 87% power to detect a 20% treatment effect. Recruitment is expected to continue until July 2006, with follow-up through June 2010. Results From August 2002 through December 2004, 2234 of the target 4000 patients were enrolled. In accordance with trial design, mean (SD) screening tHcy was elevated (17.4 +/- 6.2 mu mol/L), and mean (SD) estimated creatinine clearance was consistent with stable renal function (58.0 +/- 18.6 mL/min). Evaluating baseline results to date, 42% of the randomized participants had a history of diabetes mellitus, and 21% had prevalent CVD. Conclusions The FAVORIT trial is designed with sufficient power and follow-up time to detect a clinically relevant change in CVD risk between renal transplant recipients receiving a high or low tHcy-lowering folic acid multivitamin. Preliminary screening and baseline data support the trial's objectives. C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIDDKD, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, 593 Eddy St,POB 242, Providence, RI 02903 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 152 IS 3 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.03.004 PG 14 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 084WJ UT WOS:000240564800009 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Resteghini, NA Schaefer, EJ Ausman, LM AF Lichtenstein, Alice H. Matthan, Nirupa R. Jalbert, Susan M. Resteghini, Nancy A. Schaefer, Ernst J. Ausman, Lynne M. TI Novel soybean oils with different fatty acid profiles alter cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE soybean oils; selective breeding; genetic modification; cardiovascular disease; CVD risk factors; trans fatty acids; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerol; C-reactive protein; fatty acids ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SERUM-LIPIDS; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; SUNFLOWER OIL; HEART-DISEASE; IODINE VALUE; CORN-OIL; DIET AB Background: A variety of soybean oils were developed with improved oxidative stability and functional characteristics for use as alternatives to partially hydrogenated fat. Objective: The objective was to assess the effect of selectively bred and genetically modified soybean oils with altered fatty acid profiles, relative to common soybean and partially hydrogenated soybean oils, on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Design: Thirty subjects (16 women and 14 men) aged > 50 y with LDL-cholesterol concentrations > 130 mg/dL at screening consumed 5 experimental diets in random order for 35 d each. Diets contained the same foods and provided 30% of energy as fat, of which two-thirds was either soybean oil (SO), low-saturated fatty acid soybean oil (LoSFA-SO), high-oleic acid soybean oil (HiOleic-SO), low-a-linolenic acid soybean oil (LoALA-SO), or partially hydrogenated soybean oil (Hydrog-SO). Results: Plasma phospholipid patterns reflected the predominant fat in the diet. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 3.66 +/- 0.67(b) 3.53 +/- 0.77(b), 3.70 +/- 0.66(b), 3.71 +/- 0.64(a,b), and 3.92 +/- 0.70(a) mol/L HDL-cholesterol concentrations were 1.32 +/- 0.32(a,b), 1.32 +/- 0.35(b), 1.36 +/- 0.33(a), 1.32 +/- 0.33(b), and 1.32 +/- 0.32(a,b) mol/L for the SO, LoSFA-SO, HiOleic-SO, LoALA-SO, and Hydrog-SO diets, respectively (values with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05). No significant effects were observed on VLDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, lipoprotein(a), and C-reactive protein concentrations or on ratios of LDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (apo 13) and HDL cholesterol to apo A-I. Total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol was lower after subjects consumed the unhydrogenated soybean oils than after they consumed the Hydrog-SO diet. Conclusions: All varieties of soybean oils resulted in more favorable lipoprotein profiles than did the partially hydrogenated form. These soybean oils may provide a viable option for reformulation of products to reduce the content of trans fatty acids. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54727] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084JP UT WOS:000240529500006 PM 16960162 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Cai, GW Cole, SA Comuzzie, AG AF Butte, Nancy F. Cai, Guowen Cole, Shelley A. Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI Viva la Familia Study: genetic and environmental contributions to childhood obesity and its comorbidities in the Hispanic population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; genetics; environment; insulin resistance; dyslipidemia; hypertension ID HABITUAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-MASS INDEX; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; FAT MASS; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; MAJOR GENE; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT AB Background: Genetic and environmental contributions to childhood obesity are poorly delineated. Objective: The Viva la Familia Study was designed to genetically map childhood obesity and its comorbidities in the Hispanic population. The objectives of this report were to describe the study design and to summarize genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic variation in obesity and risk factors for metabolic diseases in Hispanic children. Design: The Viva la Familia cohort consisted of 1030 children from 319 families selected based on an overweight proband between the ages of 4 and 19 y. In-depth phenotyping to characterize the overweight children and their siblings included anthropometric and body-composition traits by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and assessments of diet by 24-h recalls, physical activity by accelerometry, and risk factors for metabolic diseases by standard biochemical methods. Univariate quantitative genetic analysis was used to partition phenotypic variance into additive genetic and environmental components by using the computer program SOLAR. Results: Sex, age, and environmental covariates explained 1-91% of the phenotypic variance. Heritabilities of anthropornetric indexes ranged from 0.24 to 0.75. Heritability coefficients for the body-composition traits ranged from 0.18 to 0.35. Diet and physical activity presented heritabilities of 0.32 to 0.69. Risk factors for metabolic diseases were heritable with coefficients ranging from 0.25 to 0.73. Significant genetic correlations between obesity traits and risk factors for metabolic diseases substantiated pleiotropy between traits. Conclusion: The Viva la Familia Study provides evidence of a strong genetic contribution to the high prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities in Hispanic children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 56 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 646 EP 654 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084JP UT WOS:000240529500025 PM 16960181 ER PT J AU Vega, SE Bamberg, JB Palta, JP AF Vega, Sandra E. Bamberg, John B. Palta, Jiwan P. TI Gibberellin-deficient dwarfs in potato vary in exogenous GA(3) response when the ga(1) allele is in different genetic backgrounds SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum ssp andigena; gibberellin; bioassay; in vitro; GA; GA mutant; response ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS; TRANSDUCTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANDIGENA; MUTANTS; ACID AB Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in internode elongation and other important processes such as seed germination, flowering, maturation, tuberization, and tuber dormancy. The discovery of GA-deficient mutants enabled further study of the role of these hormones in many plant processes. GA-deficient mutants lack the ability to produce adequate amounts of gibberellin for normal growth, resulting in a rosette type growth and short internodes. The ga(1) mutant allele was introduced into various genetic backgrounds including different Solanum species and ploidies. Diploid GA-deficient genotypes were obtained by crossing haploid Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena with Solanum chacoense. The progeny was then bulked and intermated to produce F, individuals. Tetraploid GA-deficient genotypes were obtained by crossing S. tuberosum ssp. andigena with Solan um sucrense and with Solanum gourlayi. The two resulting progenies were then bulked and intermated. Diploid and tetraploid GA-deficient genotypes were grown on MS media containing different levels of gibberellin (GA(3)). Plant height and visual observations were made as a way to assess the response of these genotypes to GA(3). Concentration of 0.1 mu M GA(3) and lower failed to restore normal plant height in both diploid and tetraploid genotypes. Normal plant height was restored in most of the GA-deficient genotypes when concentrations between 0.8 and 1.2 mu M GA(3) were used. We found some important differences between these genotypes: (1) the level of GA(3) to restore normal plant height varies among the GA-deficient genotypes, some needed more GA(3), than others to grow normally; (2) the time to respond to the presence of GA(3) in the media differs between the GA-deficient genotypes, (3) tetraploid genotypes exhibited normal growth and internode length in response to GA(3), while diploid genotypes tended to show a rosette-type growth at the apical. end. These results suggest that ga(1) mutants can be affected by a series of modifier genes and/or iso-alleles. The importance of variable response to GA among dwarf individuals is two fold: (1) experiments measuring GA response should choose and clonally multiply one genotype to ensure uniform optimal response to GA application; and (2) variation between ga(1) mutant phenotypes could be used to characterize GA-response modifier genes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Palta, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jppalta@wisc.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900001 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Kim, TS Ganga, Z Haynes, K De Jong, D Jahn, M Paran, I De Jong, W AF Brown, C. R. Kim, T. S. Ganga, Z. Haynes, K. De Jong, D. Jahn, M. Paran, I. De Jong, W. TI Segregation of total carotenoid in high level potato germplasm and its relationship to beta-carotene hydroxylase polymorphism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum; xanthophyll; breeding; yellow index; Phureja; Stenotomum; Goniocalyx; Papa Amarilla; lutein; zeaxanthin; cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence marker ID BREEDING LINES; FLESH; TUBER; COLOR AB High carotenoid potato may have particular value for human health due to the antioxidant properties and the therapeutic value for eye health in patients at risk for macular degeneration. Carotenoid concentrations were determined among the progeny of a cross between two high carotenoid lines derived from diploid Papa Amarilla germplasm from South America. The total carotenoid content ranged from 82 to 2686 mu g/100 g fresh weight (FW). The higher values greatly exceeded the mid-parent value of the cross. An index for yellow tuber flesh color was determined for a subset of the progeny. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) assay was developed to distinguish the alleles of beta-carotene hydroxylase (bch) in the two high-carotenoid parents. A bch allele (denoted B) common to the high carotenoid parents co-segregated with yellow flesh in the progeny of a white-flesh x yellow-flesh cross, making bch an excellent candidate for the classical Y locus, required for yellow tuber flesh. The same allele was also present in all other yellow-fleshed potato clones tested. Genotype at bch explained a portion of the variation of total carotenoid (R-2 = 0.42). Clones homozygous for the B allele (BB) contained, on average, slightly more carotenoid than heterozygous Bb clones, which in turn had much more carotenoid than homozygous bb clones, suggesting a partially dominant gene model. Similarly, bb flesh was significantly less yellow than Bb and BB, the latter two being quite close. Total carotenoid varied considerably between progeny in the Bb and BB genotype categories, suggesting that variation at one or more additional loci have a significant effect on total carotenoid levels. Since the total carotenoid levels in many Papa Amarilla cultivars and progeny are much higher than those in white- and yellow-fleshed tetraploid cultivars, it may be possible to breed for high carotenoid values in tetraploid germplasm by introducing one or more genes derived from Papa Amarilla germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Maine, Aroostook Res Farm, Presque Isle, ME USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900002 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Lambert, DH Porter, GA AF Olanya, O. M. Lambert, D. H. Porter, G. A. TI Effects of pest and soil management systems on potato diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potato diseases; cropping systems; soil amendments; microbial activity; compost; manure; Solanum tuberosum ID LATE BLIGHT; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; MAINE; YIELD; RESISTANCE; ROTATION AB Long-term cropping systems research is important in order to reduce production costs, to control crop pests, and to optimize the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Soil amendment use, improved disease management practices, and careful cultivar choice are some of the potential components for improving potato production systems. This research was conducted in long-term cropping systems plots in order to evaluate the impact of soil amendments, pest management practices, and cultivar on foliar and soil-borne potato diseases and to assess the relationships of soil and pest management practices to disease levels and soil microbial activity. Fungicide applications for management of foliar diseases varied betweem the pest management systems (e.g., biological, reduced input, and conventional). Incidence of potato follar diseases was quantified five times during the cropping season. The impact of soil amendment and pest management practices on soil microbial activity and tuber-borne diseases was also investigated. Low incidences of follar and selected soil-borne diseases were recorded. Disease levels varied between years, cultivars, pest management, and soil amendments. Significant differences between cultivars were detected for early blight, white mold, and black dot. The cultivar Superior had higher incidence of white mold and black dot, while cv Atlantic had higher early blight incidence. Pest management system significantly affected foliar early blight incidence in 1998, but not in 1997. Pest management system did not affect late blight, white mold, or black dot incidence, or tuber disease incidence in either year. The addition of soil amendments significantly impacted tuber black dot incidences. Microbial activity responded to increasing temperature as the season progressed and was significantly enhanced by the addition of manure and compost soil amendments; however, lower disease incidence was not associated with increased microbial activity. While pest management practices were not major determinants of disease levels in these experiments, the results show that soil amendments can increase incidence of selected tuber diseasesand microbial activity in soils. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 397 EP 408 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900005 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC Weiland, JJ Suttle, JC Sabba, RP Bussan, AJ AF Lulai, Edward C. Weiland, John J. Suttle, Jeffrey C. Sabba, Robert P. Bussan, A. J. TI Pink eye is an unusual periderm disorder characterized by aberrant suberization: A cytological analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potato pink eye; polyphenolic; polyaliphatic; potato; Solanum tuberosum L. ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; VERTICILLIUM WILT; POTATO PERIDERM; SUBERIN; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; ROOTS; CELLS AB Potato tuber pink eye (PE) is a disorder of unknown origin that results in significant postharvest quality deterioration and rot. Little is known about the physiology of PE, including the characteristic tissue autofluorescence that defines the PE syndrome. The objective of this research was to identify the source of PE-induced autofluorescence and PE-related susceptibility to infection. The suberized barrier of the native periderm and cellular characteristics of neighboring parenchyma tissues were investigated to determine their involvement in the PE disorder. The results create a new physiological model describing the disorder and addressing the enigma of PE. Characteristics of the PE model emerge from the following results: (1) the integrity of the suberized barrier of the native periderm was compromised or absent in some surface areas of PE tubers thereby implicating the breakdown of the native periderm and its associated suberin barrier with PE and the susceptibility of PE tubers to pathogen infection; (2) the PE complex was characterized by unusual suberin poly(phenolic) (SPP) accumulations in the cortical parenchyma followed by latent suberin poly(aliphatic) (SPA) accumulations that were generally insufficient to form a complete barrier that was competent to block infections by pathogenic bacteria and fungi; (3) the aberrant absence or compromised integrity of the suberin barrier, including associated waxes, resulted in erratic increased susceptibility to water vapor loss known to cause tuber shrinkage and flaccidity; (4) widespread accumulations of SPP on parenchyma cell walls were the durable source of autofluorescence commonly used to determine the presence of the disorder; (5) the erratic development of unusual internal phellogen and periderm layers that, if complete with SPA, blocked hyphal advancement; (6) combined, the data provide a plausible explanation for PE infection court and rot anomalies as they occur without ingress of a wound opening. Results also demonstrated that neutral red may be used as a sensitive fluorochrome to detect intact hydrophobic areas in hyphae. Collectively, the results provide compelling evidence that the PE disorder includes a physiological basis. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lulaie@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900006 ER PT J AU Tenorio, J Franco, Y Chuquillanqui, C Owens, RA Salazar, LF AF Tenorio, J. Franco, Y. Chuquillanqui, C. Owens, R. A. Salazar, L. F. TI Reaction of potato varieties to Potato mop-top virus infection in the Andes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE virus diseases; Potato mop-top virus; Spongospora subterranea; fungal vectors; powdery scab; spraing; surface cracking ID UNITED-STATES; COAT PROTEIN; SOIL; FUROVIRUS; SYMPTOMS; SWEDEN; TUBERS; YIELD; ELISA; PERU AB The unexpected detection of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) in potatoes growing at several locations in the U.S.A. and Canada in 2002 has led to the realization that this soil-borne virus may be widespread throughout the potato-producing regions of both countries. A lack of information concerning the response of U.S. cultivars to PMTV infection caused us to examine the effects of PMTV on field-grown plants at three locations in the Peruvian Andes where the virus and its fungal vector, Spongospora subterranea, are endemic. All 21 U.S. cultivars tested proved susceptible to PMTV infection, especially at La Victoria where the overall incidence of both PMTV and powdery scab was high. Symptom expression in the foliage proved to be an unreliable indicator of virus infection, and thus, more reliable serological (NCM-ELISA) and nucleic acid-based techniques (NASH and RT-PCR) were used to monitor tuber tissue for the presence of PMTV. As much as 25% of field-grown tubers of cvs Kennebec, Monona, and Norland were infected with PMTV, but no correlation between virus infection and either the incidence or severity of powdery scab for any variety was apparent. Although PMTV infection did not result in the appearance of spraing or other internal necrotic reactions resembling those reported from many North American and European locations, a disproportionate proportion of infected tubers did exhibit a reticulate surface cracking. In hydroponic culture, the proportion of cracked tubers increased dramatically when the nutrient solution was seeded with virus-infested S. subterranea. Comparatively few tubers of cvs Monona and Russet Burbank exhibited this surface cracking, suggesting that these two varieties may be somewhat tolerant to PMTV infection. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Belltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Int Potato Ctr, CIP, Dis Management Ctr, Lima 12, Peru. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Belltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM owensr@ba.ars.usda.gov OI tenorio, jorge/0000-0002-6922-1026 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 423 EP 431 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900007 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J AF Bamberg, John TI Crazy sepal: A new floral Sepallata-like mutant in the wild potato Solanum microdontum bitter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IDENTITY; ORGAN; GENE AB The major economic impact of features of reproduction in Solarium and its close relatives make basic study of the genetics and physiology of flowering important in this genus. A qualitative floral-development mutant in the wild potato Solarium microdontum Bitter (PI 473166) was discovered that is ostensibly normal in all respects except that repeated (indeterminate) whorls of strap-like sepals replace petals, pistil, and anthers, thus called "crazy sepal" = cs1. This mutant appears to be similar to sepallata mutants in Arabidopsis. Mutant clones vary in the development of sepals (ranging from small and light colored to larger, dark, and leaf-like) and the determinance of whorls. Crossing studies support single-locus recessive inheritance. This mutant may be a useful tool for the study of floral genetics in Solanum, potential pleiotropic physiological effects on tuberization, and other features of the potato crop. It would be a good marker for the study of rare genetic events since individuals reverting to flowering would be very easily detected among thousands of their mutant sibs. Transgene escape is of concern in potato, especially in Latin America where compatible wild species often grow in proximity to the crop. The absolute sterility of this mutant could be applied to this and similar practical C1 USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeaon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeaon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM nr6jb@ars-grin.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 433 EP 435 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 111RL UT WOS:000242471900008 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Watson, MA AF Richards, Gary P. Watson, Michael A. TI A simple fluorogenic method to detect Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila in well water for areas impacted by catastrophic disasters SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LYSYL AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; DRINKING-WATER; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; TRANSMISSION; VULNIFICUS; PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; QUALITY; PERU AB The colony overlay procedure for peptidases (COPP) is a simple, fluorogenic assay that can rapidly detect and quantify Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila in well water. Cleavage of the substrate L-lysyl-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcournarin by enzymes present in Vibrio and Aeromonas species produces fluorescent foci on cellulose acetate membranes exposed to long-wave ultraviolet light. Vibrio cholerae O1, O139, O155, and A. hydrophila were readily detected using this procedure, whereas Enterobacteriaceae and other non-Vibrionaceae pathogens did not produce fluorescence. The assay is practical for assessing the relative safety of well water in areas that have experienced catastrophic devastation from natural disasters, acts of war, or civil strife and may help curb outbreaks of cholera and other enteric illnesses in affected areas. In tropical climates, the procedure may be adapted for use in areas without electricity. C1 Univ Delaware, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 083RR UT WOS:000240476400026 PM 16968933 ER PT J AU Bishop, JV Mejia, JS De Leon, AAP Tabachnick, WJ Titus, RG AF Bishop, Jeanette V. Mejia, J. Santiago De Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Tabachnick, Walter J. Titus, Richard G. TI Salivary gland extracts of Culicoides sonorensis inhibit murine lymphocyte proliferation and no production by macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICAN VECTOR; BLUETONGUE VIRUSES; ARTHROPOD SALIVA; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; CELL-ACTIVATION; DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; TRANSMISSION; VARIIPENNIS AB Culicoides biting midges serve as vectors of pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. Culicoides sonorensis is a vector of several arboviruses in North American that cause substantial economic losses to the US livestock industry. Previous studies showed that C sonorensis saliva, like the saliva of many hematophagous arthropods, contains numerous pharmacological agents that affect hemostasis and early events in the inflammatory response, which may enhance the infectivity of Culicoides-borne pathogens. This paper reports on the immunomodulatory properties of C. sonorensis salivary gland extracts on murine immune cells and discusses the possible immunomodulatory role of C. sonorensis saliva in vesicular stomatitis virus infection of vertebrate hosts. Splenocytes treated with C sonorensis mitogens were significantly affected in their proliferative response, and peritoneal macrophages secreted significantly less NO. A 66-kDa glycoprotein was purified from C. sonorensis salivary gland extract, which may be in part responsible for these observations and may be considered as a vaccine candidate. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. SCYNEXIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. RP Bishop, JV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 300 W Lake St,1619 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jeanette.Bishop@colostate.edu; Santiago.Mejia@colostate.edu; tobe.mexfra@scynexis.com; wjt@ufl.edu; Richard.Titus@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27511, AI 065784, R01 AI065784] NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 083RR UT WOS:000240476400029 PM 16968936 ER PT J AU Eifler, D Fogarty, S AF Eifler, Douglas Fogarty, Sean TI Perch selection by post-breeding female collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article ID HOLBROOKIA-PROPINQUA; WALL LIZARDS; REFUGE USE; ESCAPE; RISK; COVER; COSTS C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Math Biol Program, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Haskell Indian Nat Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. RP Eifler, D (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Math Biol Program, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM deifler@haskell.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1163/156853806778190132 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 102YZ UT WOS:000241851000020 ER PT J AU Zhang, DP Arevalo-Gardini, E Mischke, S Zuniga-Cernades, L Barreto-Chavez, A Del Aguila, JA AF Zhang, Dapeng Arevalo-Gardini, Enrique Mischke, Sue Zuniga-Cernades, Luis Barreto-Chavez, Alejandro Del Aguila, Jorge Adriazola TI Genetic diversity and structure of managed and semi-natural populations of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in the Huallaga and Ucayali valleys of Peru SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; cocoa; conservation; germplasm; DNA fingerprinting; genetic diversity; population structure; Peru; Huallaga; Ucayali ID F-STATISTICS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ALLELIC RICHNESS; GERMPLASM; DISTANCE AB center dot Background and Aims Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is indigenous to the Amazon region of South America, and it is well known that the Peruvian Amazon harbours a large number of diverse cocoa populations. A small fraction of the diversity has been collected and maintained as an ex-situ germplasm repository in Peru. However, incorrect labelling of accessions and lack of information on genetic diversity have hindered efficient conservation and use of this germplasm. This study targeted assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in a managed and a semi-natural population. center dot Methods Using a capillary electrophoresis genotyping system, 105 cocoa accessions collected from the Huallaga and Ucayali valleys of Peru were fingerprinted. Based on 15 loci SSR profiles, genetic identity was examined for each accession and duplicates identified, population structure assessed and genetic diversity analysed in these two populations. center dot Key Results Ten synonymous mislabelled groups were identified among the 105 accessions. The germplasm group in the Huallaga valley was clearly separated from the group in Ucayali valley by the Bayesian assignment test. The Huallaga group has lower genetic diversity, both in terms of allelic richness and of gene diversity, than the Ucayali group. Analysis of molecular variance suggested genetic substructure in the Ucayali group. Significant spatial correlation between genetic distance and geographical distances was detected in the Ucayali group by Mantel tests. center dot Conclusions These results substantiate the hypothesis that the Peruvian Amazon hosts a high level of cocoa genetic diversity, and the diversity has a spatial structure. The introduction of exotic seed populations into the Peruvian Amazon is changing the cocoa germplasm spectrum in this region. The spatial structure of cocoa diversity recorded here highlights the need for additional collecting and conservation measures for natural and semi-natural cocoa populations. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Cultivos Trop, Tarapoto, Peru. RP Zhang, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 050,Rm 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ZhangD@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 EI 1095-8290 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1093/aob/mcl146 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 075PX UT WOS:000239898800020 PM 16845139 ER PT J AU Taylor, DB Moon, R Gibson, G Szalanski, A AF Taylor, David B. Moon, Roger Gibson, Gary Szalanski, Allen TI Genetic and morphological comparisons of new and old world populations of Spalangia species (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE molecular diagnostics; Spalangia; filth fly parasitoids; Pteromalidae ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION; MUSCIDAE PUPAE; FLY DIPTERA; STABLE FLY; HOUSE-FLY; PARASITOIDS; EVOLUTION; MARKER AB The genetic similarity of New and Old World samples of Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was examined using two ribosomal DNA regions. The species examined were Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia nigra Latreille, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, and Spalangia slovaca Boucek. Two species of Muscidifurax, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were included as outgroup taxa. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region was highly variable among Spalangia species with many insertions/deletions making alignment of the sequences difficult. The D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene and the nuclear rDNA 18s gene were more conserved and enabled phylogenetic analysis. No genetic differentiation was observed among S. cameroni and S. endius samples from Kazakhstan, Russia, and North America. New World samples of S. nigroaenea are genetically distinct from S. slovaca, a morphologically similar Old World species that is newly recorded from Kazakhstan and Russia. The intact 920 bp ITS-I amplicon of S. nigroaenea was much larger than the 780-bp amplicon of S. slovaca. Kimura two-parameter genetic distance between the two species was 0.015 for the 28s region. Otherwise, the smallest genetic distance among recognized Spalangia species was 0.037 between S. endius and S. nigra. The genetic distance between M. raptor and M. zaraptor was 0.004. Based upon these results, the utility of the D2-D3 region of the 28s ribosomal gene is substantiated for differentiating species of Spalangia. The molecular analysis of the six Spalangia species revealed two groupings: S. nigroaenea and S. slovaca and S. cameroni and S. gemina. A third clade, S. endius and S. nigra, was observed, but bootstrap support was weak. These relationships were compared with those indicated by morphology and all agreed except possibly between S. endius and S. nigra, for which morphological evidence is equivocal. Morphological features are described and illustrated to distinguish the morphologically most similar species, S. nigra, S. nigroaenea, and S. slovaca, from each other and from other Spalangia spp. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Lab, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55180 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Taylor, DB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Lab, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dtaylor1@unl.edu RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[799:GAMCON]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100007 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Analysis of insect and plant colors in digital images using Java software on the Internet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE color analysis; RGB; cotton; vision; image analysis ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; VISION; POLYMORPHISM; RECEPTORS; EYE; DISCRIMINATION; LEPIDOPTERA; ULTRAVIOLET; PREFERENCES AB Description of colors of insects and plants in biological research is often subjective and imprecise. A quantitative, statistical, and standardized method for describing colors by software analysis of digital images would be useful to researchers if readily available. An Internet Web page with JavaScript and Java applet was made that loads a digital image and analyzes the red, green, and blue (RGB) intensity components of the pixels in any rectangular area of relatively uniform color. A mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation, and percentage of each of the three color components in the area is calculated. Thus, a colored area in an image can be depicted objectively as R +/- SD, G +/- SD, and B +/- SD, or percentages thereof, allowing mean color to be reproduced elsewhere by paint programs. For each analysis, the software uses the RGB component colors to make a bar graph with each RGB value and SD. The software was used to analyze colors of flowers and leaves of two cotton species, white and red varieties of upland, Gossypium hirsutum L., and Pima, Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae); western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae); yellow plastic used in insect traps; and eight other insect species. Three two-dimensional (2D) color-space diagrams (hexagon, 2D-cube, and ternary percentages) are described and used to plot colors from analyses. Statistical tests are presented that compare whether two groups of color-space points in three dimensions are significantly separated. Differences in color vision are compared in humans, insects, digital cameras, and spectroradiometers. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[865:AOIAPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100015 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Salazar, A Macchiavelli, R AF Pantoja, Alberto Salazar, Amparo Macchiavelli, Raul TI Recognition of instars and adult trap catches of Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) from plantains in Puerto Rico SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Cosmopolites sordidus; plantains; instars; precipitation; head capsules width ID BANANA WEEVIL; GERMAR COLEOPTERA; CULTIVARS; DURATION; UGANDA; GROWTH; YIELD; PESTS AB On the basis of head capsule widths of field-collected larvae, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was found to have five instars. Mean head capsule widths were 0.44, 0.71, 1.04, 1.48, and 1.85 mm for the first to fifth instars, respectively. The greatest growth ratio was recorded between the first and second instar. Adult C. sordidus densities reached a peak in January with 2.4 adults per trap, and the lowest density recorded was during April with 0.7 adults per trap. Adult captures seems to be influenced by precipitation with higher captures after precipitation events. C1 USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffap2@uaf.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 875 EP 878 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[875:ROIAAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100016 ER PT J AU Logarzo, GA De Leon, JH Triapitsyn, SV Gonzalez, RH Virla, EG AF Logarzo, Guillermo A. De Leon, Jesse H. Triapitsyn, Serguei V. Gonzalez, Roberto H. Virla, Eduardo G. TI First report of a Proconiine sharpshooter, Anacuerna centrolinea (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae), in chile, with notes on its biology, host plants, and egg parasitoids SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pierce's disease; Homalodisca coagulata; Gonatocerus tuberculifemur; biological control ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TAPAJOSA-RUBROMARGINATA HEMIPTERA; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; REACTION PROTOCOL; HYMENOPTERA AB The first representative of the leafhopper tribe Proconiini (subfamily Cicadellinae), Anacuerna centrolinea (Melichar) is reported herein from the Tarapaca region in northern Chile. This species was discovered at high elevation (approximate to 4,000 in) in the course of a survey conducted in South America by the USDA-ARS for the neoclassical biological control program against the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) in California. New data are given on the biology and host plants of A. centrolinea. Information also is provided on its egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) which also was a first record from Chile. This discovery encourages further exploration for leafhopper egg parasitoids in northern and central regions of Chile to identify new perspective biological control agents that are more adapted to Mediterranean climate (winters and wet summers), which are similar to California climate. In addition, it is possible that G. tuberculifemur may be a good candidate for the biological control of the recently discovered H. coagulata in Faster Island, Chile. C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Chile, Fac Agron, Santiago, Chile. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. RP Logarzo, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM glogarzo@speedy.com.ar OI Virla, Eduardo Gabriel/0000-0002-9512-4254 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[879:FROAPS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100017 ER PT J AU Moser, JC AF Moser, John C. TI Complete excavation and mapping of a Texas leakutting ant nest SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Atta texana; nest excavation; central cavity; feeder holes; fungus gardens ID LEAF-CUTTING ANT; ATTA-VOLLENWEIDERI FOREL; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; 1893 HYM; FORMICIDAE; GROWTH AB A medium-sized nest of the Texas leafcutting ant, Atta texana (Buckley), in northern Louisiana was excavated completely, and a three-dimensional model of its external and subterranean features was constructed. In total, 97 fungus gardens, 27 dormancy cavities, and 45 detritus cavities were located. At the lower center of the funnel-shaped nest was a large central cavity, which in winter functions as a domicile for the colony and where the alate brood is reared. Vertical tunnels, possibly as deep as 32 in, may serve as wells leading to the water table. Winter mean annual temperatures within the central cavity may limit the northern geographical range of A. texana to approximate to 33 degrees N latitude. The inquilines Attaphila fungicola Wheeler, Pholeomyia comans Sabrosky, Ceuthophilm sp., Lobopoda subcuneatus Campbell, Geomysaprinus nr. formicus (Hinton), species of Aleocharinae, and a species of Annelida were seen in nest cavities and galleries. C1 USD Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Moser, JC (reprint author), USD Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM jmoser@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[891:CEAMOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100019 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Chu, CC Hu, C Mu, JY Henneberry, TJ AF Chen, Tian-Ye Chu, Chang-Chi Hu, Cui Mu, Ji-Yuan Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Observations on midgut structure and content of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Chrysoperla carnea; midgut; bacteria; yeast; larvae AB A study of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) midgut structures and contents was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The larval midgut was enclosed by a peritrophic membrane that seemed to be composed of two layers. Numerous bacteria were found throughout the lumen of the midgut, and because the midgut does not open to the hindgut, we hypothesized that the bacteria may serve to decompose the residues occurring in the midgut lumen. Few yeast cells were present in the larval midgut. The visual observations suggest that the concentration of bacteria were much lower in adult midguts than in larval midguts. However, many yeast cells were observed in the lumen of the adult midgut. No obvious peritrophic membrane was observed in electron micrographs of the adult midgut compared with the larval midgut. The results suggest different modes of food residue disposal. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Entomol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 917 EP 919 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[917:OOMSAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100023 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Zalom, FG Peng, CYS AF Hummel, Natalie A. Zalom, Frank G. Peng, Christine Y. S. TI Anatomy and histology of reproductive organs of female Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Proconiini), with special emphasis on categorization of vitellogenic oocytes SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glassy-winged sharpshooter; leafhopper; oogenesis; sperm; telotrophic ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; SAY HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; CALIFORNIA; INSECTS; TRANSMISSION; OVIPOSITION; BIOLOGY; RANGE AB The anatomy and histology of female Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Ci-cadellida: Proconiini) reproductive organs is described using light microscopy. The reproductive organs of H. coagulata consist of one pair of ovaries, each with 10 telotrophic ovarioles, a pair of lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, a spermatheca, an enlarged genital duct, a complex bursa copulatrix, a vagina, two types of accessory glands, and a genital chamber. The reproductive organs follow the general pattern seen in cicadellids. The complex bursa copulatrix, important in copulation and sperm transfer, is described. A set of morphological criteria were selected, based on the stage of oocyte development, and used to evaluate and assign the rank of ovarian development for field-collected individuals and to assess the overall reproductive status of female insect populations. A principal component analysis of morphological and physiological characteristics suggests that the ovarian ranks reflect the reproductive status of the females. Understanding reproductive status and patterns is critical for determining the optimal time to implement control methods to suppress H. coagulata populations in southern California. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Natalie.Hummel@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 920 EP 932 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[920:AAHORO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100024 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Kammlah, DM Pruett, JH AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Kammlah, D. M. Pruett, J. H. TI White eye color mutant in Haematobia irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hematobia irritans; mutant; eye color ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; TSETSE-FLY; L. DIPTERA; HORN FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; GENETICS; GLOSSINIDAE; MUTATIONS AB The wild-type eye color of the horn fly, Hematobia iritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is a dark reddish brown. An apparent spontaneous mutation in a single adult colony fly resulted in a white-eyed mutant. A colony of white-eyed horn flies was established from this single individual and has been maintained in the laboratory. Laboratory crosses determined that the white-eyed phenotype is inherited as a simple Mendelian autosomal recessive with complete penetrance. No other differences from the wild-type flies were detected in the external characteristics of the mutant phenotype or in egg viability. However, white-eyed flies had significantly lower amounts of the pigment dihydroxyxanthommatin in their heads, suggesting either the lack of xanthommatin production, or a failure of transport and storage within the head of the mutant phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 966 EP 968 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[966:WECMIH]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085MB UT WOS:000240607100029 ER PT J AU Huang, YW Wang, LS Chang, HL Ye, WP Sugimoto, Y Dowd, MK Wan, PJ Lin, YC AF Huang, Yi-Wen Wang, Li-Shu Chang, Hsiang-Lin Ye, Weiping Sugimoto, Yasuro Dowd, Michael K. Wan, Peter J. Lin, Young C. TI Effects of serum on (-)-gossypol-suppressed growth in human prostate cancer cells SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (-)-gossypol; cell growth; cyclin-D1; Rb; prostate cancer cell ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; APOPTOTIC DNA FRAGMENTATION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; IN-VITRO; ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES; ORAL GOSSYPOL; FACTOR-BETA; DAIRY-COWS; INHIBITION; (-)-ENANTIOMER AB Background: Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound present in cottonseeds, possesses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in in vivo and in vitro models. There are two enantionters, (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol, the latter being a more potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth. Here, the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and dextran-coated charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (DCC-FBS)-containing medium on the ability of (-)-gossypol to inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells was studied. Materials and Methods: BSA- and DCC-FBS-supplemented medium were used to examine the influence of serum proteins on the antiproliferative effects of (-)-gossypol in DU-145 cells, a human prostate cancer cell line. The viability of the DU-145 cells was determined by CellTiter 96 (TM) Aqueous assay. The expressions of mRNA and protein for the cell cycle regulators, cyclin-D1, Rb, CDK, p21 and TGF-beta, were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Results: (-)-Gossypol caused growth suppression of the DU-145 cells. In comparison with BSA-supplemented medium, DCC-FBS blocked the antiproliferative effects of (-)-gossypol at I and 25 mu M, but not at 5 mu M. Furthermore, (-)-gossypol treatment down-regulated cyclin-D1, Rb, CDK4 and CDK6, and up-regulated p21 and TGF-beta 1 at the mRNA and/or protein levels. Conclusion: The data suggested that (-)-gossypol-suppressed prostate cancer cell growth may be influenced through cell cycle regulators, which may lead to better prognosis. We further speculate that (-)-gossypol might serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for human prostate cancer patients. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, OSU Comprehens Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.15@osu.edu RI Sugimoto, Yasuro/B-4004-2012 OI Sugimoto, Yasuro/0000-0002-5094-4347 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94718, CA95915] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5A BP 3613 EP 3620 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 100YY UT WOS:000241707300061 PM 17094491 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Svetoch, EA Eruslanov, BV Perelygin, VV Mitsevich, EV Mitsevich, IP Pokhilenko, VD Levchuk, VP Svetoch, OE Seal, BS AF Stern, N. J. Svetoch, E. A. Eruslanov, B. V. Perelygin, V. V. Mitsevich, E. V. Mitsevich, I. P. Pokhilenko, V. D. Levchuk, V. P. Svetoch, O. E. Seal, B. S. TI Isolation of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain and purification of its bacteriocin, which is inhibitory to Campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gastrointestinal system SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CLASS IIA BACTERIOCINS; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER PRODUCTION; IMMUNITY PROTEINS; COLONIZATION; ACIDOPHILUS; PEPTIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; FOOD AB We evaluated anti-Campylobacter jejuni activity among > 1,200 isolates of different lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus salivarius strain NRRL B-30514 was selected for further study. The cell-free, ammonium sulfate precipitate from the broth culture was termed the crude antimicrobial preparation. Ten microliters of the crude preparation created a zone of C. jejuni growth inhibition, and growth within the zone resumed when the crude preparation was preincubated with proteolytic enzymes. Bacteriocin OR-7, derived from this crude preparation, was further purified using ion-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. The determined amino acid sequence was consistent with class IIa bacteriocins. Interestingly, OR-7 had sequence similarity, even in the C-terminal region, to acidocin A, which was previously identified from L. acidophilus and had activity only to gram-positive bacteria, whereas OR-7 had activity to a gram-negative bacterium. Bacteriocin activity was stable following exposure to 90 degrees C for 15 min, also consistent with these types of antibacterial peptides. The purified protein was encapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone and added to chicken feed. Ten day-of-hatch chicks were placed in each of nine isolation units; two groups of birds were challenged with each of four C. jejuni isolates (one isolate per unit). At 7 days of age, one group of birds was treated with bacteriocin-emended feed for 3 days, and one group was left untreated. At 10 days of age, the birds were sacrificed and the challenge strain was enumerated from the bird cecal content. Bacteriocin treatment consistently reduced colonization at least one millionfold compared with levels found in the untreated groups. Nonchallenged birds were never colonized by C. jejuni. Bacteriocin from L. salivarius NRRL B-30514 appears potentially very useful to reduce C. jejuni in poultry prior to processing. C1 USDA ARS, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 120 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9 BP 3111 EP 3116 DI 10.1128/AAC.00259-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 081DI UT WOS:000240297000030 PM 16940109 ER PT J AU Balmer, Y Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB AF Balmer, Yves Vensel, William H. Hurkman, William J. Buchanan, Bob B. TI Thioredoxin target proteins in chloroplast thylakoid membranes SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; REDOX REGULATION; ARABIDOPSIS; PHOSPHORYLATION; COMPLEX; BARLEY; STATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB In recent years, impressive progress has been made in the identification of thioredoxin-linked proteins. However, due to technical difficulties inherent in working with hydrophobic proteins, identifications so far have been restricted to proteins in the soluble fraction. Thus, our knowledge of redox regulated membrane proteins is quite limited. To gain information in this area, the authors have applied an adaptation of the approach based on the fluorescent thiol probe monobromobimane (mBBr) to identify redox-linked proteins of chloroplast thylakoids. By application of this procedure, 14 potential membrane-bound thioredoxin target proteins were identified, including seven new candidates functional in processes associated with photosynthetic electron flow, ATP synthesis, and Photosystern II/Photosystem I state transitions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM view@nature.berkeley.edu OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9-10 BP 1829 EP 1834 DI 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1829 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 084HL UT WOS:000240523900037 PM 16987035 ER PT J AU Callicott, KA Fridriksdottir, V Reiersen, J Lowman, R Bisaillon, JR Gunnarsson, E Berndtson, E Hiett, KL Needleman, DS Stern, NJ AF Callicott, Kenneth A. Fridriksdottir, Vala Reiersen, Jarle Lowman, Ruff Bisaillon, Jean-Robert Gunnarsson, Eggert Berndtson, Eva Hiett, Kelli L. Needleman, David S. Stern, Norman J. TI Lack of evidence for vertical transmission of Campylobacter spp. in chickens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; RECOVERY; SEGMENTS; POULTRY; SAMPLES; FLOCKS AB Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the industrial world. There is evidence that C. jejuni is present in eggs and hatchery fluff, opening the possibility for vertical transmission from hens to progeny. Poultry operations in Iceland provide an excellent opportunity to study this possibility, since breeding flocks are established solely from eggs imported from grandparent flocks in Sweden. This leaves limited opportunity for grandparents and their progeny to share isolates through horizontal transmission. While Campylobacter was not detected in all grandparent flocks, 13 of the 16 egg import lots consisted of eggs gathered from one or more Campylobacter-positive grandparent flocks. No evidence of Campylobacter was found by PCR in any of the 10 relevant quarantine hatchery fluff samples examined, and no Campylobacter was isolated from the parent birds through 8 weeks, while they were still in quarantine rearing facilities. After the birds were moved to less biosecure rearing facilities, Campylobacter was isolated, and 29 alleles were observed among the 224 isolates studied. While three alleles were found in both Sweden and Iceland, in no case was the same allele found both in a particular grandparent flock and in its progeny. We could find no evidence for vertical transmission of Campylobacter to the approximately 60,000 progeny parent breeders that were hatched from eggs coming from Campylobacter-positive grandparent flocks. If vertical transmission is occurring, it is not a significant source for the contamination of chicken flocks with Campylobacter spp. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Inst Expt Pathol, Reykjavik, Iceland. Iceland Vet Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Swe Chick, Kristianstad, Sweden. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5794 EP 5798 DI 10.1128/AEM.02991-05 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083QT UT WOS:000240474000015 PM 16957196 ER PT J AU Raya, RR Varey, P Oot, RA Dyen, MR Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Kutter, EM Brabban, AD AF Raya, Raul R. Varey, Peter Oot, Rebecca A. Dyen, Michael R. Callaway, Todd R. Edrington, Tom S. Kutter, Elizabeth M. Brabban, Andrew D. TI Isolation and characterization of a new T-even bacteriophage, CEV1, and determination of its potential to reduce Escherichia coli O157 : H7 levels in sheep SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BROILER-CHICKENS; PHAGE COCKTAIL; CATTLE; CALVES; RUMEN; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS; BIOCONTROL; RESERVOIR AB Bacteriophage CEVI was isolated from sheep resistant to Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization. In vitro, CEVI efficiently infected E. coli O157:H7 grown both aerobically and anaerobically. In vivo, sheep receiving a single oral dose of CEVI showed a 2-log-unit reduction in intestinal E. coli O157:H7 levels within 2 days compared to levels in the controls. C1 Evergreen State Coll, Lab 2, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. USDA, Agr Stn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cerela Conicet, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. RP Brabban, AD (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Lab 2, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM brabbana@evergreen.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [2-R15 GM063637-02, R15 GM063637, 1-R15 GM63507, R15 GM063507] NR 40 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 72 IS 9 BP 6405 EP 6410 DI 10.1128/AEM.03011-05 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083QT UT WOS:000240474000091 PM 16957272 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Price, AJ Raper, RL AF Kornecki, T. S. Price, A. J. Raper, R. L. TI Performance of different roller designs in terminating rye cover crop and reducing vibration SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE roller/crimper testing; vibration; cover crop mortality; conservation tillage ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; LOW-BACK; SOIL AB Rollers may provide a viable alternative to herbicides for terminating cover crops; however, excessive vibration generated by rollers and transferred to tractors hinders the adoption of this technology in the United States. To avoid excessive vibration, producers must limit their operational speed, which increases time and cost of rolling. The effect of speed on cover crop termination rate and vibration level was tested on several roller designs. Two field experiments were conducted with different roller designs to terminate a cover crop of rye (Secale cereale L.). In the first experiment, three single-section roller designs (long straight bars, curved blunt bars, and a smooth roller with an oscillating crimping bar) were tested at 1.6, 4.8, and 8 km/h operating speeds. In the second experiment, two triple-section commercial width rollers, one with long straight bars and the other, a smooth roller with an oscillating crimping bar, were tested at speeds 3.2 and 6.4 km/h. Data from the first experiment showed that all three roller designs terminated at levels greater than 90% with the highest termination rate produced by the smooth roller with crimping bar (93.4%). Three weeks after rolling, termination rates varied from 88.3% to 94.0% for all designs and speed ranges, all of which were sufficient mortality rates for rye before planting a cash crop without need to use herbicide. Reduced vibration levels measured on the tractor's frame were generated by the smooth roller with oscillating crimping bar with the highest vibration levels being generated by the roller with the straight bars. In the second experiment, three weeks after rolling significantly higher rye termination rates resulted from the roller with long straight bars (96%) in comparison with the smooth roller (94%). Despite these differences, both rollers effectively terminated rye prior to planting without use of herbicides. The smooth roller with crimping bar transferred significantly lower vibration levels to the tractor's frame than long straight bar roller at both speeds but vibration levels exceeded acceptable health and comfort levels. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tkornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 633 EP 641 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300002 ER PT J AU Ray, SJ AF Ray, S. J. TI Alternative configurations in a cylinder-type cleaner for seed cotton SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cylinder cleaner; grid bars; cylinder speed; seed cotton; ginning efficiency ID LINT AB The cleaning performance of a six-cylinder cleaner was evaluated on seed cotton based on varying grid-bar configuration, cylinder speed, and cylinder configuration. The experiment was conducted in two parts - cylinders equipped with (Part 1) and without (Part 2) propulsion paddles. Each part was composed of eight combinations of grid-bar shapes and cylinder speeds. Pre-cleaned and non pre-cleaned seed cotton was used to simulate the first and second stages of cleaning. The study also included an evaluation of the first three and second three grid sections of the cleaner by capturing the wastes from each separately. In Part 1, the treatment with 9.5-mm flat-square grid bars and cylinder speed of 980 rpm outperformed the conventionally operated cylinder cleaner (9.5-mm diameter grid bars with 480-rpm cylinder speed) in all aspects of the analysis, considering both cleaning efficiency and fiber wastage. Overall, the 9.5-mm flat-square bar/980-rpm treatment had a cleaning efficiency of 28% and wasted virtually no fiber, while the conventional configuration had a 24% cleaning efficiency and had 0.08 kg/bale of fiber loss. In Part 2, essentially no differences occurred between the 9.5-mm flat-square bar/980 rpm treatment and the conventional configuration in all analyses, each with an overall cleaning efficiency of 26% and nearly no loss of fiber All other treatments either had reduced efficiencies or significantly higher fiber loss. Results indicate that cylinders equipped with paddles may offer potential for optimizing seed-cotton cleaning performance when used with certain grid-bar configurations. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ray, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sray@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300003 ER PT J AU Siemens, MC AF Siemens, M. C. TI Effect of guard spacing, guard attachments and reel type on chickpea harvesting losses SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE harvest loss; combine performance; chickpea harvesting; header loss; knife guard; air reel; pick-up reel ID AIR-JET; SOYBEANS; SICKLE; HEADER AB The economic viability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited in part due to excessive gathering losses during mechanical harvest. Eight different combine header configurations were investigated to determine if header technologies developed for other pulse crops were also effective at reducing harvesting losses in chickpea. Equipment evaluated were two types of knife guards, two guard attachments, and two types of reels. The experiment was laid out and analyzed as a randomized complete block design and then further analyzed as two, two-way factorial designs. Depending on header configuration, header losses accounted for 58% to 99% of total harvesting losses which ranged from 3% to 20% of total yield. Double density guards reduced header losses by 54% as compared to single density guards when used with an air reel. Reductions in header losses did not occur when double density guards were used with the batted pick-up reel. Averaged across both reel types, long finger guard attachments were found to reduce losses by 44% as compared to guards without the attachment. As compared to the batted pick-up reel, the air reel reduced header and total harvesting losses by more than 54% when used with double density knife guards and guard attachments. When the header was configured with double density guards, long finger guard attachments and the air reel, header losses were 3% of total yield, while total losses were 4% of total yield and significantly lower than for any other header configuration. As compared to the conventionally equipped header with a batted pick-up reel and single density guards, this header configuration reduced header and total losses by 86% and increased combine yield by 126 kg/ha. The results of this study indicated that chickpea header losses can be excessive and that combinations of header technologies can be used to significantly reduce chickpea harvesting losses to levels comparable with other pulse crops. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Siemens, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM markc.siemens@oregonstate.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 651 EP 657 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300004 ER PT J AU Amonov, MO Pulatov, AS Colvin, TS AF Amonov, M. O. Pulatov, A. S. Colvin, T. S. TI Machine innovation for inter row cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Uzbekistan; cotton; cultivation; mechanical cultivators; protected zone; herbicide; guiding slits; torsion pivots; weed control; cultivation accuracy; loosening; efficiency ID WEED-CONTROL; CORN AB Uzbekistan is a leading country in cotton production and export. Inter-row cultivation is an important production operation that assists in soil loosening, weeding, fertilizing, and ridge forming between rows. However, the operation is problematic because of risks of damaging the plants during critical growth phases. The article examines a new design for precision cultivator guidance for inter-row tillage and presents the results of field trials of the new design. The proposed cultivator utilizes light torsion pivots with gauging beams and guiding slits to allow a reduction of the protected zone surrounding the plant by 2 to 2.5 cm and improves the soil surface condition (soil crumbling ability). Herbicide use and hand labor can be significantly reduced, which should lead to an increase in profit. This cultivator also allowed for an increase in operating speed by 14%, which would increase the efficiency of the operation. C1 Tashkent State Agrarian Univ, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Tashkent Inst Irrigat & Meliorat, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. USDA ARS NSTL, Ames, IA USA. RP Colvin, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS NSTL, Oxford Farms,55670 290th St, Cambridge, IA 50046 USA. EM oxfrdfrm@huxcomm.net NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 665 EP 674 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300006 ER PT J AU King, BA Stark, JC Wall, RW AF King, B. A. Stark, J. C. Wall, R. W. TI Comparison of site-specific and conventional uniform irrigation management for potatoes SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE irrigation; center pivot; potato; irrigation scheduling; irrigation control ID SIMULATION; YIELD; FIELD AB Site-Specific Irrigation Management (SSIM) can be defined as irrigation management (depth, timing) based on crop need to defined sub-areas of a field referred to as management zones. implementation of SSIM will require additional irrigation system hardware, labor, and information on soil and/or plant water status in each management zone. Costs associated with these additional requirements will need to be offset by increased receipts from improved crop yield and quality in order for the technology to be adopted by producers. The potential for SSIM to increase crop yield, quality, and economic return has not been evaluated infield studies. Crops such as potatoes, for which yield and quality are highly sensitive to soil water availability, are most likely to show an economic benefit from site-specific irrigation management. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the potential for SSIM to increase yield and quality of potatoes relative to Conventional Uniform Irrigation Management (CUIM). Near real-time soil water content was used to schedule irrigations under both irrigation management treatments. Field average water application was nearly the same for the irrigation management treatments, 503 mm (19.8 in.) in 2001 and 445 mm (17.5 in.) in 2002. In both study years, tuber yield distributions trended 4% greater under site-specific irrigation management but were not significantly different (p < 0.05). Total tuber yield per unit of water applied from irrigation and precipitation was 4% greater in 2001 and 6% greater in 2002 under SSIM. Based on a local tuber quality adjusted potato processing contract price structure, the trend in gross income averaged across the field site was $159/ha ($65/acre) greater with SSIM. This increase in gross income is likely about half the actual cost of commercial site-specific irrigation technology. The required 3- to 5-year crop rotation for potato disease management means that the site-specific irrigation system needs to be mobile or an economic benefit must also be realized from other crops in the rotation. The economic benefit of SSIM needs to be increased or realized for other crops in the rotation for it to be an economically viable technology in potato production systems in Idaho. C1 USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Aberdeen, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM bking@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 677 EP 688 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300008 ER PT J AU Ingles, MEA Casada, ME Maghirang, RG Herrman, TJ Harner, JP AF Ingles, M. E. A. Casada, M. E. Maghirang, R. G. Herrman, T. J. Harner, J. P., III TI Effects of grain-receiving system on commingling in a country elevator SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grain receiving; commingling; IP system; ARENA simulation; grain elevator; identity preservation ID SEGREGATION AB The shift to quality-based marketing has challenged the grain-handling industry to meet desired purity levels as part of identity-preservation programs. Very few resources are available for the development of management strategies. This study measured commingling during grain transfer as influenced by the receiving configuration of an elevator The facility, located at Manhattan, Kansas, has three receiving pits and one bucket elevator with a handling capacity of 190 t/h (metric ton per hour). The experiments involved moving soybeans through one of the receiving pits, followed by corn through the same flow path, without special cleaning between the two operations. Corn samples, collected at specific time intervals, were used to calculate commingling, the percentage by mass of soybean kernels mixed in corn. Commingling was greater than 1% only during the first 135 s (first 2 t, 2 metric ton, received), except for the gravity-type pit configuration where commingling remained in excess of 1% for the duration of the test (840 s or 7.3 t of grain). Measured mean cumulative commingling at the end of operation was 1.25%, 0.30%, and 0.23% for the combined effect of gravity-type pit and elevator leg, combined effect of elevator leg and pit with a drag conveyor, and effect of elevator leg, respectively. ARENA simulation was used to predict commingling using different levels of initial impurities of incoming grain. The model predicted that a 10-t load through a pit with drag conveyor would result in a cumulative commingling of 0.28%, of which 0.27% would be from the effect of the elevator leg. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 713 EP 721 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300012 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Rosentrater, KA Flores, RA AF Garcia, R. A. Rosentrater, K. A. Flores, R. A. TI Characteristics of North American meat and bone meal relevant to the development of non-feed applications SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE bio-based product; biomass; byproduct; characterization; meat and bone meal; rendering; feedstock; non-feed applications; materials handling; physical properties; protein solubility ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY PROBE; AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITY; RAW-MATERIAL SOURCE; BY-PRODUCT MEALS; PROCESSING TEMPERATURE; ASH CONTENT; PROTEIN; RATIO; PHOSPHORUS AB Unmarketable animal tissues are typically processed by rendering plants, which transform them into meat and bone meal (MBM) or similar products. MBM's traditional use as animal feed has become increasingly threatened, but MBM has potential for non-feed applications. Development of new products and processes is hindered by lack of reliable data on many of MBM's chemical and physical properties. MBM samples, as well as data on raw material and process, were collected from 19 rendering facilities in the United States and Canada. A large majority of the raw material was tissue from cattle, swine, and poultry. All facilities surveyed practiced continuous dry rendering; 89% of the facilities use continuous cookers and 11% use falling film evaporators. MBM is high in protein (44.6-62.8%, mfb), but this protein is poorly soluble; atpH 7 solubility ranged from 2.20% to 7.22%. Among all samples, the particles' median geometric mean diameter was 387 mu m, and the size distribution was broad. The median density of MBM particles was 1.41 (g/mL); median density of MBM in bulk ranged from 0.50 g/mL when loose-filled to 0.68 g/mL when packed. pH values of the samples ranged from 5.89 to 7.19, and samples containing the most cattle tissue had the highest pH. Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity values for both loose-filled and packed MBM are reported, as well as CIE L*a*b* color values. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Crop Entomol Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 69 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 729 EP 736 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300014 ER PT J AU Hansen, RC Christman, JC Derksen, RC AF Hansen, R. C. Christman, J. C. Derksen, R. C. TI Statistical evaluation of instruments designed to measure volumetric water content of soilless container media SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE microirrigation; sensors; nursery crops; electrical conductivity AB If decisions are to be made concerning when and how much to irrigate container-grown plants, then procedures for measuring the accuracy and reliability of Volumetric Water Content (VWC) sensors should be developed. Three statistical properties were used to characterize the quality of VWC sensor data for this study: (1) bias, (2) variance, and (3) measurement system discrimination. The objectives of the tests reported here were to evaluate the measurement capability of three commercially available moisture sensors. Based on standardized repeatability and reproducibility measurement procedures for determining variance, estimated standard deviation (measurement error) for the WET Sensor was 2.11% VWC while the HydroSense and the ThetaProbe were 1.21% and 1.43%, respectively. Bias readings for all three instruments were 3% to 5% below a 30% reference value. Evaluation of discrimination in terms of measurement system acceptance calculations found all three sensors were well within a 10% to 30% guideline that compares measurement error to the range of expected values to be discriminated. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. RP Hansen, RC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM hansen.2@osu.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 753 EP 763 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300017 ER PT J AU Armstrong, PR AF Armstrong, P. R. TI Rapid single-kernel NIR measurement of grain and oil-seed attributes SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE near infrared; grain; spectroscopy; single-kernel ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; TRANSMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CORN KERNELS; WHEAT; CLASSIFICATION; PROTEIN; SEEDS AB A single-kernel near infrared (SKNIR) instrument was designed and tested for rapid measurement of corn and soybean attributes. The design was centered on achieving a spectral collection rate of 10 kernels/s, which limited integration times of the spectrometer to 30 ms. A spectrum of an individual kernel was collected as it slid along the length of a glass tube and was illuminated by multiple lamps. PLS regression models, developed to predict constituents from spectra, resulted in models with standard errors of cross validation (SECV) of 0.93% dry basis moisture content (MCdb) for corn, 0.32% MCdb for soybean moisture content, and 0.99% for soybean protein content. RPD values for these models were 4.4 for corn moisture content, 7.3 for soybean moisture content, and 4.9 for soybean protein content. RPD values were defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the reference data to the SECV for each model. Multiplicative scatter correction improved predictions for soybean moisture and protein content but not for corn moisture content. These results indicate that reasonable predictions can be made at fast NIR scan rates. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM Paul.Armstrong@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300018 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Oenema, J van Keulen, H AF Rotz, C. A. Oenema, J. van Keulen, H. TI Whole farm management to reduce nutrient losses from dairy farms: A simulation study SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE dairy farm; nutrient management; nitrogen loss; phosphorus; economics; simulation ID AMMONIA EMISSION; DE-MARKE; SYSTEM; PHOSPHORUS; VOLATILIZATION; NETHERLANDS; EXCRETION; CATTLE; MODEL AB Whole-farm simulation provides a tool for evaluating long-term impacts of nutrient conservation technologies and strategies on dairy farms. A farm simulation model was verified to predict the production and nutrient flows of the DeMarke experimental dairy farm in the Netherlands. On this farm, technologies such as a low ammonia emission barn floor, enclosed manure storage, manure injection into the soil, and intraseeding of a grass cover crop on corn land were used to reduce nitrogen loss and improve nutrient recycling. This experimental farm was simulated over the 1996 to 2003 weather years where predicted production and use of feeds were within 15% of values measured on the actual farm. Simulated nitrogen and phosphorus flows through the farm and losses from the farm were generally within 10% of actual. After this process-based model was found to accurately represent the nutrient conservation technologies used at De Marke, simulation was used to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of their use on representative farms in southern Pennsylvania. Total nitrogen loss from the farms, primarily in the form of ammonia emission, was reduced by 24% to 55% with a 7% to 45% reduction in P runoff loss. The highest reductions were obtained on a 1,000-cow farm where initial losses were high due to a greater number of animals per unit of cropland. The cost of this technology was greater than the value of the nutrients saved, causing a reduction in the annual net return of $88/cow for a 100-cow farm and $64/cow for the 1, 000-cow farm. C1 USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 773 EP 784 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 095NA UT WOS:000241313300019 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Welker, TL Klesius, PH AF Shoemaker, Craig A. Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Welker, Thomas L. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Growth response and acquired resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) that survived Streptococcus iniae infection SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus iniae; recovery; tilapia; growth performance; acquired resistance ID GOSSYPOL-ACETIC ACID; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GRADED-LEVELS; EFFICACY; VACCINE AB This study determined the growth performance and acquired resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) that survived Streptococcus iniae infection. Tilapia were challenged with three doses of S. iniae (8.8 x 10(3), 8.8 x 10(4) and 8.8 x 10(5) CFU fish(-1) for low, medium and high challenges respectively). Groups of non-injected and tryptic soy broth-injected fish were maintained as controls. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortality (45.0%) occurred in the high challenge treatment than in the low challenge treatment group (29.6%). The medium challenge group had mortality (36.3%) that did not differ significantly from the high or low treatment. Few fish died in the non-injected and broth-injected treatments (3.4% and 0.8% respectively). The tilapia that survived S. iniae infection used to assess growth performance were selected from survivors without gross clinical signs of disease. These fish were randomly stocked at a rate of 30 fish into each 57 L aquarium in triplicate and fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. No significant differences were detected in weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio or survival between S. iniae-survived tilapia and the control treatments following the 8-week growth performance trial. Following the 8-week feeding study, tilapia were challenged with 1 x 10(6) CFU fish(-1) of S. iniae to assess acquired immunity. Mean cumulative mortality was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the control treatments (41.7% for the non-injected and 43.3% for the broth-injected fish) than in the low, medium and high challenge treatments (7.4%, 3.3% and 8.3% respectively). Serum protein was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the S. iniae-survived tilapia that were subsequently challenged when compared with controls challenged for the first time. Agglutinating antibody titre was significantly higher in the fish in the medium and high challenge treatments, compared with the control fish challenged for the first time. The results suggest tilapia that survive S. iniae challenge without showing overt disease signs performed as well as non-infected tilapia. Further, the S. iniae-survived tilapia challenged following the 8-week growth performance trial gained acquired resistance to homologous S. iniae challenge. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. EM cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1238 EP 1245 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01555.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 075BG UT WOS:000239856500012 ER PT J AU Lima, MF Alkowni, R Uyemoto, JK Golino, D Osman, F Rowhani, A AF Lima, M. F. Alkowni, R. Uyemoto, J. K. Golino, D. Osman, F. Rowhani, A. TI Molecular analysis of a California strain of Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus isolated from declining Syrah grapevines SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB The sequence of the genome of a Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (RSPaV) isolated from a declining Syrah grapevine in California, designated the Syrah strain (RSPaV-SY) was determined. The genome of this strain had an overall nucleotide identity of 77% in comparison with RSPaV sequences in GenBank; the coat protein was the most conserved gene among RSPaV sequences and the replicase was the least conserved gene. Phylogenetic analysis of partial coat protein and replicase gene sequences showed RSPaV-SY clustered independently from the majority of RSPaV isolates. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akrowhani@ucdavis.edu NR 13 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 151 IS 9 BP 1889 EP 1894 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0742-y PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 073EE UT WOS:000239725000017 PM 16547827 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, Don C. TI A taste of sowbelly and saleratus biscuit: Gifford Pinchot's Arkansas adventure SO ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Ctr, USDA, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Ctr, USDA, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS HISTORICAL ASSOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, OLD MAIN 416 DEPT OF HISTORY, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0004-1823 J9 ARKANSAS HIST QUART JI Ark. Hist. Q. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 274 EP 289 PG 16 WC History SC History GA 088CH UT WOS:000240788600004 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Demissie, S Cupples, LA Collins, D Cox, CE Horvath, KV Bloomfield, HE Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, Bela F. Demissie, Serkalem Cupples, L. Adrienne Collins, Dorothea Cox, Caitlin E. Horvath, Katalin V. Bloomfield, Hanna E. Robins, Sander J. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI LpA-1, LpA-I : A-II HDL and CHD-risk: The Framingham Offspring Study and the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE LpA-I; ApoA-I; HDL-C; CHD-risk; HDL subpopulations ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ARTERY DISEASE; SUBPOPULATION PROFILE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; PHYSIOLOGICAL-ROLE; 2 POPULATIONS; PARTICLES; PLASMA AB Objective: We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of LpA-I and/or LpA-I:A-II HDL subclasses are significantly associated with CHD prevalence and recurrent cardiovascular events. Methods: LpA-I levels were determined by differential electroimmunoassay in male participants with (n = 169) and without CHD (n = 850) from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) and in male participants with CHD from the placebo arm of the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT) (n = 741). Data were analyzed cross-sectionally (FOS) and prospectively (VA-HIT) and were adjusted for established lipid and non-lipid CHD risk factors. Results: We observed slightly but significantly higher LpA-I levels in CHD cases compared to all or to HDL-C-matched controls and slightly but significantly higher LpA-I:A-II levels in CHD cases compared to HDL-C-matched controls it the FOS. Neither LpA-I nor LpA-I:A-II levels were significantly different between groups with and without recurrent cardiovascular events in the VA-HIT. No significant differences were observed in LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II levels in low HDL-C (: 40mg/dl) subjects with CHD (VA-HIT, n = 711) and without CHD (FOS, n = 373). Plasma LpA-I concentration had a positive correlation with the large LpA-I HDL particle (alpha-1) but no correlation with the small LpA-I HDL particle (pre beta-1). LpA-I:A-II concentration had a positive correlation with the large (alpha-2) and an inverse correlation with the small (alpha-3) LpA-I:A-II HDL particles. Conclusion: Our data do not support the hypothesis that CHD prevalence (FOS) or recurrence of cardiovascular events (VA-HIT) are associated with significant reductions in the concentrations of LpA-I and/or LpA-I:A-II HDL subclasses. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCS, USDA, JM,Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, West Haven, CT USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCS, USDA, JM,Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, HL-64738] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 188 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.10.018 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 079LP UT WOS:000240178200008 PM 16298372 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Wise, MG King, DJ AF Kapczynski, Darrell R. Wise, Mark G. King, Daniel J. TI Susceptibility and protection of naive and vaccinated racing pigeons (Columbia livia) against exotic Newcastle disease virus from the California 2002-2003 outbreak SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE exotic Newcastle disease; pigeon; vaccine; veterinary virology; immunology; avian paramyxovirus ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; IMMUNIZATION; PCR AB The susceptibility, immune response, and protection to challenge after vaccination in racing pigeons (Columbia livia) was assessed with the 2002-2003 exotic Newcastle disease (END) virus responsible for the most recent major outbreak in Southern California. Immunologically naive pigeons appeared resistant to disease, regardless of dose, after a natural route of exposure. Twenty percent morbidity was observed in each group of birds receiving between 10(2.1) and 10(8.1) 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50) per bird, with one bird succumbing to challenge in the 10(8.1) EID50/bird group at day 12 postinoculation. Although resistant to disease, birds in all groups continued to shed virus from either oral or cloacal route at the end of the 14-day sampling period, and seroconversion was only observed in birds receiving >= 10(6.1) EID50. Single or double vaccination of juvenile and adult birds with pigeon paramyxovirus virus type I (PPMV-1) vaccine followed by END challenge with 10(6.1) EID50/bird decreased the duration, incidence, and viral load. A positive correlation was observed between the presence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers at challenge and decreased viral shedding. Overt clinical signs of disease were not observed in any PPMV-1-vaccinated birds after challenge. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1637/7479-112905R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500005 PM 17039831 ER PT J AU Mays, JK Pandiri, AR Fadly, AM AF Mays, Jody K. Pandiri, Arun R. Fadly, Aly M. TI Susceptibility of various parental lines of commercial White Leghorn layers to infection with a naturally occurring recombinant avian leukosis virus containing subgroup B envelope and subgroup J long terminal repeat SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus; recombinant ALV; commercial layers; susceptibility to infection; susceptibility to tumors; avian leukosis virus-B/J; various chicken lines; White Leghorn ID MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; HPRS-103 STRAIN; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; TISSUE TROPISM; ENV GENE; SEQUENCES; CONSEQUENCES; TRANSMISSION; PROVIRUSES AB Chickens from seven different parental lines of commercial White Leghorn layer flocks from three independent breeders were inoculated with a naturally occurring avian leukosis virus (ALV) containing an ALV-B envelope and an ALV-J long terminal repeat (LTR) termed ALV-B/J. Additional groups of chickens from the same seven parental lines were inoculated with ALV-B. Chickens were tested for ALV viremia and antibody at 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 wk postinfection. Chickens from all parental lines studied were susceptible to infection with ALV-B with 40%-100% of inoculated chickens positive for ALV at hatch following embryo infection. Similarly, infection of egg layer flocks with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 8 days of embryonation induced tolerance to ALV with 86%-100% of the chickens viremic, 40%-75% of the chickens shedding virus, and only 2/125 (2%) of the chickens producing serum-neutralizing antibodies against homologous ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 32 wk postinfection. In contrast, when infected with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at hatch, 33%-82% of the chickens were viremic, 28%-47% shed virus, and 0%-56% produced serum-neutralizing antibodies against homologous ALV-B/J recombinant virus at 32 wk postinfection. Infection with the ALV-B/J recombinant virus at embryonation and at hatch induced predominately lymphoid leukosis (LL), along with other common ALV neoplasms, including erythroblastosis, osteopetrosis, nephroblastomas, and rhabdosarcomas. No incidence of myeloid leukosis (ML) was observed in any of the commercial White Leghorn egg layer flocks infected with ALV-B/J in the present study. Data suggest that the parental line of commercial layers may influence development of ALV-B/J-induced viremia and antibody, but not tumor type. Differences in type of tumors noted in the present study and those noted in the field case where the ALV-B/J was first isolated may be attributed to differences in the genetics of the commercial layer flock in which ML was first diagnosed and the present commercial layer flocks tested in the present study. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1637/7493-121505R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500006 PM 17039832 ER PT J AU Witter, RL Gimeno, IM AF Witter, R. L. Gimeno, I. M. TI Susceptibility of adult chickens, with and without prior vaccination, to challenge with Marek's disease virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; virus; Marek's disease; vaccine failure; age; adult ID HIGHLY VIRULENT-STRAINS; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; TRANSIENT PARALYSIS; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; HERPESVIRUS; CELL; TURKEYS; BRAIN; PATHOGENICITY AB Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks can occur in previously healthy adult layer or breeder flocks. However, it is not clear whether such outbreaks are caused by recent challenge with highly virulent (vv and vv+) strains of MD virus (MDV; i. e., new infection hypothesis) or by exacerbation of an earlier MDV infection (i. e., old infection hypothesis). To discriminate between these hypotheses, adult White Leghorn chickens of laboratory strains or commercial crosses with or without prior vaccination or MDV exposure were challenged at 18-102 wk of age with highly virulent MDVs, and lesion responses were measured. Horizontal transmission was studied in one trial. Challenge of adult chickens, which were free from prior MDV vaccination or exposure, with highly virulent MDV strains induced transient paralysis or tumors in 60%-100% of 29 groups (mean = 91%), and horizontal spread of virus was detected. The magnitude of the response was similar to that induced by challenge at 3 wk of age. In contrast, comparable challenge of adult chickens, which had been vaccinated or exposed to MDV early in life, induced transient paralysis or tumors in 0%-6% of 12 groups (mean = 0. 5%), although some birds showed limited virologic evidence of infection and transmission of the virus to contacts. The MD responses were influenced by the virulence of the challenge virus strain, and to a lesser extent by virus dose and route of exposure. Strong inflammatory lesions were induced in the brain and nerves of adult specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 9-15 days after infection. The low susceptibility of previously vaccinated and exposed groups to challenge at >= 18 wk of age suggests that late outbreaks of MD in commercial flocks are not likely a result of recent challenge alone and that additional factors could be involved. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.1637/7498-010306R.1 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500008 PM 17039834 ER PT J AU Fadly, A Silva, R Hunt, H Pandiri, A Davis, C AF Fadly, Aly Silva, Robert Hunt, Henry Pandiri, Arun Davis, Carolyn TI Isolation and characterization of an adventitious avian leukosis virus isolated from commercial Marek's disease vaccines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE subgroup A avian leukosis virus; contaminated Marek's disease vaccines; recombinant avian leukosis virus; endogenous avian leukosis virus; isolation; identification; pathogenicity ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; SUBGROUP; TRANSMISSION; HERPESVIRUS; RECIPIENTS; INFECTION; ENVELOPE; MEASLES; MUMPS AB Commercial Marek's disease (MD) vaccines produced by two manufacturers were tested for possible contamination with avian leukosis virus (ALV). Samples of MD vaccines manufactured by two companies (A and B) were received from a breeder company; samples were also received directly from vaccine company B. Using virus isolation tests, samples initially tested positive for subgroup E (endogenous) ALV. However, upon repassage, the vaccines also tested positive for exogenous ALV. The isolated exogenous ALV proved to be a subgroup A virus, as determined by flow cytometry using polyclonal chicken antibodies specific for various subgroups of ALV, and by DNA sequencing of the envelope glygoprotein (gp85). The exogenous ALV isolated from MD vaccines was inoculated in chickens from ADOL lines 1515 X 71 and 0 to determine its pathogenicity and compare it with that of Rous-associated-virus-1 (RAV-1), the prototype strain of ALV-A. Each chicken from each line was inoculated with approximately 10,000 infectious units of RAV-1 or the ALV-A isolated from vaccines termed B-39 virus at 7th day of embryonation. At hatch, and at 4, 8, and 16 wk of age, chickens were tested for viremia and cloacal shedding; chickens were also observed for ALV-induced tumors within 16 wk of age. Viremia and cloacal shedding results suggest that chickens from both lines were susceptible to infection with either virus. Within 16 wk of age, the proportion of ALV tumors induced by strain B-39 in line 0 and line 15I(5) X 7(1) chickens was 0% and 12%, respectively, compared with 62% and 67% in chickens inoculated with RAV-1. The data indicate that commercial MD vaccines produced by two manufacturers were contaminated with endogenous subgroup E and an exogenous subgroup A ALV. Further, data from biological characterization suggest that the ALV-A isolated from commercial MD vaccines is of low oncogenicity, compared with that of RAV-1. GenBank accession numbers: The gp85 gene sequences of ALV isolated from commercial Marek's disease vaccines have been deposited in GenBank and assigned the following accession numbers: A46 subgroup A, DQ412726; B53 subgroup A, DQ412727; A46 subgroup E, DQ412728; B53 subgroup E, DQ412729. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1637/7497-122905R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500011 PM 17039837 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Spackman, E Woolcock, PR AF Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Spackman, Erica Woolcock, Peter R. TI Molecular characterization and typing of chicken and turkey astroviruses circulating in the United States: Implications for diagnostics SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian astrovirus; turkey astrovirus; chicken astrovirus; avian nephritis virus; phylogenetic analysis ID AVIAN NEPHRITIS VIRUS; ENTERITIS MORTALITY SYNDROME; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POULT ENTERITIS; BROILER CHICKS; RT-PCR; ENTEROVIRUSES; NEPHROPATHY; CORONAVIRUS; REOVIRUS AB Avian astroviruses were detected by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction in intestinal contents collected from commercial chickens and turkeys from throughout the United States from 2003 through 2005. Astroviruses were detected in birds from both healthy and poorly performing flocks with or without enteric disease. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with sequence data from the polymerase (ORF-1b) genes of 41 turkey-origin astroviruses and 23 chicken-origin astroviruses. All currently available avian astrovirus sequence data and selected mammalian astrovirus sequence data were included in the analysis. Four groups of avian astroviruses were observed by phylogenetic analysis: turkey astrovirus type I (TAstV-1)-like viruses, turkey astrovirus type 2 (TAstV-2)-like viruses, both detected in turkeys; avian nephritis virus (ANV)-like viruses, detected in both chickens and turkeys; and a novel group of chicken-origin astroviruses (CAstV). Among these four groups, amino acid identity was between 50.1% and 73.8%, and was a maximum of 49.4% for all avian isolates when compared with the mammalian astroviruses. There were multiple phylogenetic subgroups within the TAstV-2, ANV, and CAstV groups based on 9% nucleotide sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no clear assortment by geographic region or isolation date. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between the detection of a particular astrovirus and the presence of enteric disease or poor performance. Based on these data, a revision of the present taxonomic classification for avian astroviruses within the genus Avastrovirus is warranted. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Fresno Branch, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 54 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1637/7512-020606R.1 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500014 PM 17039840 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Estevez, CN Kapczynski, DR AF Yu, Qingzhong Estevez, Carlos N. Kapczynski, Darrell R. TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that react to the nucleocapsid protein of avian metapneumovirus subtype C SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian metapneumovirus; monoclonal antibodies; nucleocapsid protein ID TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; INDUCE RESISTANCE; PNEUMOVIRUS; STRAINS; SEQUENCE AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype C (aMPV/Minnesota/turkey/1a/97). Six MAbs were selected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay activities and characterized by isotyping, neutralization test, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry assay. The results showed that three MAbs (3E, 9D, and 12C) belonged to the IgG(1) subclass, whereas the other three (5D, 8E, and 16E) were of the IgG(2a) subclass. None of the six MAbs neutralized aMPV infectivity at a detectable level, but all reacted with both denatured and nondenatured forms of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of aMPV, suggesting that these MAbs may recognize structurally independent epitopes of the N protein. These MAbs provide new tools and methods for investigating aMPV infection and pathogenesis, as well as diagnosis of aMPV disease. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1637/7513-020606R.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500017 PM 17039843 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Moore, RW Gast, RK AF Holt, Peter S. Vaughn, Lara E. Moore, Randle W. Gast, Richard K. TI Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis levels in crops of fed or fasted infected hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE induced molt; enteric infection; Salmonella enteritidis; crop contamination ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; PHAGE TYPE-4; COLONIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; CECA; AGE AB Long-term feed withdrawal has been shown to increase ileocecal intestinal colonization and fecal shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in challenged hens. Less information is available regarding effects of fasting on crop colonization. Two trials were conducted to compare effects of 14-day feed withdrawal vs. full feed on crop colonization in hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. The levels of Salmonella Enteritidis in the crops of fasted hens were significantly higher than in nonfasted hens on days 3 and 10 and days 3, 9, and 16 postinfection (PI) in trials I and 2, respectively. Fecal shedding of Salmonella Enteritidis was significantly increased in the fasted hens on day 10 PI in trial 1. Analysis of crop IgA anti-Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide levels in crop lavage samples of hens in trial 1 revealed a Immoral response PI in both treatment groups with no significant differences, although peak response for fasted hens occurred 1 wk later. Histologic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained crop sections from trial 1 birds revealed mild to moderate heterophilic infiltration within the crop lamina propria (LP) or LP and epithelium of nonfasted infected hens at 24 and 96 hr PI. In comparison, heterophils in crops of fasted hens infected at this time point were sparse, indicating a possible diminished heterophil response in the fasted birds. Multifocal areas of tissue inflammation, as indicated by marked heterophil infiltration, with necrosis and sloughing of epithelium, were observed in crops from fasted hens at day 11 PI (14th day of feed withdrawal) but not in the fed groups. This severe heterophilic inflammation was observed in both challenged and nonchallenged fasted hens, suggesting that some factor other than Salmonella Enteritidis was responsible. These results indicate that feed withdrawal can have a dramatic effect on the integrity of the crop and its ultimate response to infection. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1637/7519-022706R2.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500018 PM 17039844 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Fairchild, BD Mauldin, JM AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Northcutt, J. K. Fairchild, B. D. Mauldin, J. M. TI Presence of inoculated Campylobacter and Salmonella in unabsorbed yolks of male breeders raised as broilers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broiler; Campylobacter; Salmonella; Enterobacteriaceae; aerobic plate count; unabsorbed yolk; and ceca ID JEJUNI; CHICKENS; POULTRY; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; EMBRYO AB Day-old male broiler breeder chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and raised as broilers. For Experiment 1, at 5 wk of age, the broilers were orally inoculated with a 10(6)cfu/ml of a characterized strain of Campylobacter jejuni and a cocktail (three naladixic acid-resistant strains) of Salmonella serovars. One week after inoculation, the birds were euthanatized and defeathered. The abdominal cavity was examined and any unabsorbed yolk material (and remaining yolk stalk) and ceca were aseptically removed for microbiological analyses. For each pooled sample (two birds per pool), an aerobic plate count (APC), an Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) count, and a test for the presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella was performed. For Experiment 2, at 5 wk of age, the broilers were orally inoculated with 10(5)cfu/ml of a characterized strain of Campylobacter jejuni. One week after inoculation, the birds (n = 20) were killed, defeathered, and the yolk stalk, attached yolk, or free-floating yolk and ceca were individually analyzed for presence of Campylobacter. For Experiment 1, the Salmonella-inoculated birds had 2/12 ceca and 0/12 unabsorbed yolk samples positive for Salmonella. The average yolk APC was log(10) 3.4 cfu/g and the average ENT was log(10) 1.9 cfu/g. For the Campylobacter-inoculated birds, 12/12 ceca and 9/12 unabsorbed yolk samples were positive for Campylobacter. The average yolk APC was log(10) 3.5 cfu/g and the average ENT was log(10) 3.1 cfu/g. For Experiment 2, the inoculated Campylobacter birds had 19/20 ceca, 5/20 free floating yolks, and 19/20 yolk stalks positive. In Experiment 1, the inoculated Campylobacter colonized the ceca in every instance and were present in 75% of the unabsorbed yolks. Alternatively, the inoculated Salmonella were not found in any of the unabsorbed yolks and only rarely in the ceca. In Experiment 2, the inoculated Campylobacter was found in very high numbers in the yolk and internal body samples. Determining to what extent these internal bodies and unabsorbed yolks play in bacterial colonization and contamination of the birds at processing has not been determined. The next step will be to determine the incidence of unabsorbed yolks and presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in these bodies of commercial broilers at processing. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 430 EP 433 DI 10.1637/7482-120205R.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500019 PM 17039845 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Bailey, JS Wilson, JL Hiett, KL AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Bailey, J. S. Wilson, J. L. Hiett, K. L. TI Natural presence of Campylobacter spp. in various internal organs of connnercial broiler breeder hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; broiler breeder; thymus; liver; gallbladder; spleen; ceca ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; SPLENIC MACROPHAGES; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; UNITED-STATES; JEJUNI; SALMONELLA; FABRICIUS; CHICKENS; POULTRY; BURSA AB Campylobacter are known to cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Poultry products have been implicated as a significant source of these infections. Six experiments were performed to determine whether Campylobacter could be isolated naturally from the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, liver/gallbladder, and ceca of commercial broiler breeder hens. Broiler breeder hens were acquired from different commercial sources during the early, middle, and late lay cycles. The birds were euthanatized, defeathered, and aseptically removed prior to removal of the ceca. Individual samples were placed in sterile bags, packed on ice, and transported to the laboratory for evaluation. In this study Campylobacter were found in 11 of 43 thymii, eight of 43 spleens, four of 43 liver/gallbladders, and 30 of 43 ceca. Overall, 28 of 53 isolates from the above samples were Campylobacter coli and 25 of 53 isolates were found to be Campylobacter jejuni. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antibiot Resistance Res Uni, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Richardson, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 450 EP 453 DI 10.1637/7481-120205R.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500023 PM 17039849 ER PT J AU Schaefer, HM Levey, DJ Schaefer, V Avery, ML AF Schaefer, H. Martin Levey, Douglas J. Schaefer, Veronika Avery, Michael L. TI The role of chromatic and achromatic signals for fruit detection by birds SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eye model; frugivory; fruit color; perception; seed dispersal; vision ID COLOR-VISION; AMBIENT LIGHT; RECEPTOR NOISE; VISUAL ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; PLANT; COMMUNICATION; CAMOUFLAGE; BEHAVIOR AB Fruit color changes during ripening are typically viewed as an adaptation to increase signal efficacy to seed dispersers. Plants can increase signal efficacy by enhancing chromatic (wavelength related) and/or achromatic (intensity related) contrasts between fruit and background. To assess how these contrasts determine the detectability of fruit signals, we conducted 2 experiments with free-flying crows (Corvus ossifragus) under seminatural conditions in a 2025 m(2) aviary. Crows searched first for artificial red and black fruits and detected red fruits from a larger distance. Because artificial red fruits had higher chromatic and lower achromatic contrasts against foliage than artificial black fruits, crows apparently prioritized chromatic contrasts. Thus, the common change in fruit color from red to black during ripening does not increase signal efficacy to crows. In a second trial, crows searched for UV-reflecting and black blueberries (Vaccinum myrtillus) against backgrounds of foliage and sand. Against foliage, UV-reflecting berries had higher chromatic and achromatic contrasts than black berries, and crows detected them from a larger distance. Against sand, UV-reflecting berries had low achromatic contrasts and black berries low chromatic contrasts. Crows detected both fruit types equally, suggesting that they used chromatic contrasts to detect UV-reflecting berries and achromatic contrasts to detect black berries. Birds prioritized chromatic contrasts when searching for artificial red fruits in foliage but not when searching for blueberries on sand. We suggest that the relative importance of chromatic and achromatic contrasts is contingent on the chromatic and achromatic variance of the background. Models of signal perception can be improved by incorporating background-specific effects. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Schaefer, HM (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 1, Hauptstr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM martin.schaefer@biologie.uni-freiburg.de NR 50 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 784 EP 789 DI 10.1093/beheco/arl011 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 075QE UT WOS:000239899500013 ER PT J AU Schulz, JS Palmer, N Steckelberg, I Jones, SJ Zeece, MG AF Schulz, Joseph S. Palmer, Nathan Steckelberg, Ion Jones, Steven J. Zeece, Michael G. TI Microarray profiling of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE protein microarray; sarcoplasmic reticulum; skeletal muscle; protein profiling; calcium regulation ID MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; CALCIUM-RELEASE; CANCER; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; SPECIMENS; COMPLEX; ARRAYS AB Microarrays were developed to profile the level of proteins associated with calcium regulation in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from porcine Longissimus muscle. The microarrays consisted of SR preparations printed onto to glass slides and probed with monoclonal antibodies to 7 target proteins. Proteins investigated included: ryanodine receptor, (RyR), dihydropyridine receptor, (DHPR), triadin (TRI), calsequestrin (CSQ), 90 kDa junctional protein (JSR90), and fast-twitch and slow-twitch SR calcium ATPases (SERCA1 and SERCA2). Signal from a fluorescently-labeled detection antibody was measured and quantitated using a slide reader. The microarray developed was also employed to profile Longissimus muscle SR proteins from halothane genotyped animals. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions in levels of several proteins were found including: RyR, CSQ, TRI, DHPR and SERCA2 in SR samples from halothane positive animals. The results illustrate the potential of microarrays as a toot for profiling SR proteins and aiding investigations of calcium regulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zeece, MG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci, 354 FIC, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mzeece@unl.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 1764 IS 9 BP 1429 EP 1435 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.06.010 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 094XU UT WOS:000241273400001 PM 16938495 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Templer, PH Goodale, CL Duke, S Groffman, PM Adams, MB Boeckx, P Boggs, J Campbell, J Colman, B Compton, J Emmett, B Gundersen, P Kjonaas, J Lovett, G Mack, M Magill, A Mbila, M Mitchell, MJ McGee, G McNulty, S Nadelhoffer, K Ollinger, S Ross, D Rueth, H Rustad, L Schaberg, P Schiff, S Schleppi, P Spoelstra, J Wessel, W AF Pardo, L. H. Templer, P. H. Goodale, C. L. Duke, S. Groffman, P. M. Adams, M. B. Boeckx, P. Boggs, J. Campbell, J. Colman, B. Compton, J. Emmett, B. Gundersen, P. Kjonaas, J. Lovett, G. Mack, M. Magill, A. Mbila, M. Mitchell, M. J. McGee, G. McNulty, S. Nadelhoffer, K. Ollinger, S. Ross, D. Rueth, H. Rustad, L. Schaberg, P. Schiff, S. Schleppi, P. Spoelstra, J. Wessel, W. TI Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root delta N-15 SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE N-15 fine roots; forests; N deposition; natural abundance ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION GRADIENT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ISOTOPE RATIOS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; DIFFERENT COMPARTMENTS; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS AB N saturation induced by atmospheric N deposition can have serious consequences for forest health in many regions. In order to evaluate whether foliar delta N-15 may be a robust, regional-scale measure of the onset of N saturation in forest ecosystems, we assembled a large dataset on atmospheric N deposition, foliar and root delta N-15 and N concentration, soil C:N, mineralization and nitrification. The dataset included sites in northeastern North America, Colorado, Alaska, southern Chile and Europe. Local drivers of N cycling (net nitrification and mineralization, and forest floor and soil C: N) were more closely coupled with foliar delta N-15 than the regional driver of N deposition. Foliar delta N-15 increased non-linearly with nitrification: mineralization ratio and decreased with forest floor C: N. Foliar delta N-15 was more strongly related to nitrification rates than was foliar N concentration, but concentration was more strongly correlated with N deposition. Root delta N-15 was more tightly coupled to forest floor properties than was foliar delta N-15. We observed a pattern of decreasing foliar delta N-15 values across the following species: American beech > yellow birch > sugar maple. Other factors that affected foliar delta N-15 included species composition and climate. Relationships between foliar delta N-15 and soil variables were stronger when analyzed on a species by species basis than when many species were lumped. European sites showed distinct patterns of lower foliar delta N-15, due to the importance of ammonium deposition in this region. Our results suggest that examining delta N-15 values of foliage may improve understanding of how forests respond to the cascading effects of N deposition. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agr Res Serv, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA, US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, Wales. Danish Ctr Forest Landscape & Planning, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Sch Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us RI Gundersen, Per/B-2192-2008; Schleppi, Patrick/E-6751-2011; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Boeckx, Pascal/J-3668-2013; Colman, Benjamin/B-5704-2009; Ross, Donald/A-4477-2008; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Gundersen, Per/0000-0002-9199-4033; Schleppi, Patrick/0000-0002-3578-6563; Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Boeckx, Pascal/0000-0003-3998-0010; Colman, Benjamin/0000-0001-6290-3705; Ross, Donald/0000-0002-5390-6602; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027 NR 101 TC 92 Z9 105 U1 13 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 143 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9015-9 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 089CD UT WOS:000240856800003 ER PT J AU Shearer, JF Jackson, MA AF Shearer, Judy F. Jackson, Mark A. TI Liquid culturing of microsclerotia of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris, a potential biological control agent for the management of hydrilla SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Mycoleptodiscus terrestris; Hydrilla verticillata; hydrilla; bioherbicide; microsclerotia; sporulation ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; VERTICILLATA; GERMINATION AB Mycoleptodiscus terrestris has potential as an inundative biological control agent for the management of hydrilla, one of the world's worst aquatic weeds. Essential to producing a marketable bioherbicidal product was the development of liquid culture procedures that would yield propagules that maintained biocontrol efficacy. Since M. terrestris did not produce conidia in liquid culture, various nutritional conditions were evaluated as a means to produce high concentrations of stable fungal propagules such as microsclerotia. Evaluations of propagule formation and biomass yield were carried out in liquid culture media containing a basal salts solution amended with corn steep liquor powder or cottonseed meal combined with 4% or 6% glucose. Hyphal aggregation was observed by day 2, and by day 8 abundant melanized microsclerotia were present in the broth cultures. When applied as a liquid inoculum to hydrilla at rates of 0.1 and 0.2 ml/l, the microsclerotial matrix was capable of significantly reducing hydrilla shoot biomass by as much as 99%. Air-dried microsclerotia were capable of hyphal germination in 24 h and sporogenic germination in 72 h. These capabilities have significance for the use of microsclerotia of M. terrestris as the preferred inoculum for biocontrol purposes. Hyphae germinating from microsclerotia on hydrilla plant surfaces can establish initial infection sites followed several days later by secondary infections resulting from the development and release of spores from the surface of the microsclerotia. The capability of microsclerotia of M. terrestris to remain stable as a dry preparation and to germinate both hyphally and sporogenically upon rehydration enhances the potential of this fungus for use as a nonchemical, biological control agent for hydrilla. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shearer, JF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Judy.F.Shearer@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.04.012 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 078CA UT WOS:000240077600004 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Tao, FL Fuentes-Granados, R Giles, KL Elliott, DT Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA Royer, TA AF Elliott, N. C. Tao, F. L. Fuentes-Granados, R. Giles, K. L. Elliott, D. T. Greenstone, M. H. Shufran, K. A. Royer, T. A. TI D-vac sampling for predatory arthropods in winter wheat SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Aphididae; Chrysopidae; Nabidae; Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata; Hippodamia convergens; Araneae; Carabidae; population density; suction sampling ID NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATIONS; GRASSLAND; CEREALS; APHIDS; COLEOPTERA; EFFICIENCY; HEMIPTERA; CARABIDAE AB We evaluated the D-vac suction machine for sampling predatory arthropods in Oklahoma winter wheat fields. The efficiency of D-vac sampling was low for adult Coccinellidae and Carabidae. Sampling efficiency was greater for coccinellid larvae. Sampling efficiency was high for adult and immature Nabidae and Chrysopidae, for Araneae, and for adult Staphylinidae. For most predators, there were significant correlations between the number of individuals in D-vac samples and the number of individuals per m(2) in the field. The highest correlation was 0.82 for adult Staphylinidae. Correlations for most predators were < 0.60. Significant partial correlations between D-vac sample estimates and ancillary abiotic and biotic variables occurred for most predators, indicating that D-vac sampling efficiency was affected environmental variables. Multiple regression models were constructed to relate population estimates from D-vac sampling to absolute density by adjusting estimates for influential abiotic and biotic environmental variables. Significant regression models were not achieved for adult Coccinellidae or adult Carabidae, and the coefficient of determination was low (0.18) for the model for adult Nabidae. Higher values of R(2) were achieved for larval Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae adults and larvae, Nabidae nymphs, Araneae, and adult Staphylinidae. Among abiotic variables, air temperature and wind velocity most frequently entered into step-wise regression models. Among biotic variables, wheat plant growth stage and wheat tiller density frequently entered into models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov RI Elliott, David/G-2161-2012; Royer, Tom/D-9737-2016 OI Royer, Tom/0000-0003-0912-7115 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.04.017 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 078CA UT WOS:000240077600007 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Ribbing, L Williams, MM AF Ortiz-Ribbing, Loretta Williams, Martin M., II TI Conidial germination and germ tube elongation of Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi on leaf surfaces of seven Amaranthus species: Implications for biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Microsphaeropsis amaranthi; Phomopsis amaranthicola; Amaranthus rudis; A. palmeri; A. powellii; A. retroflexus; A. spinosus; A. hybridus; A. albus; bioherbicide; mycoherbicide; biological control; spore germination ID BINDWEED CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; FIELD BINDWEED; COLLETOTRICHUM-COCCODES; APOSPHAERIA-AMARANTHI; DISEASE; RECOGNITION; PSEUDOMONAS; BIOCONTROL; VELVETLEAF; RESISTANCE AB Microsphaeropsis amaranthi and Phomopsis amaranthicola are potential biological control agents for several Amaranthus species. In an effort to understand the initial infection processes with these pathogens, a study was conducted of the conidial germination and germ tube length (mu m) on the weed leaf surfaces at 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C. Weeds included Amaranthus rudis, A. palmeri, A. powellii, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. hybridus, and A. albus. For P. amaranthicola, conidial germination and germ tube length varied among the seven weed species at both temperatures, while for M. amaranthi the differences in germ tube lengths were significant among weed species only at 21 degrees C. While the conidia of M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola germinated on the leaf surfaces of all seven weed species, temperature appeared to impact the number and length of germ tubes on the leaf surfaces. The percentage of germinated conidia and the length of germ tubes at both temperatures were often greater for M. amaranthi than for P. amaranthicola. In order for the fungal pathogen to successfully infect and kill a weedy host, conidia must germinate and form a germ tube, two processes that vary with host species and temperature for M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola. The extent to which successive infection processes, e.g., penetration, invasion and colonization, contribute to host specificity warrants study. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, S-306 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.04.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 078CA UT WOS:000240077600011 ER PT J AU McGuire, MR Leland, JE Dara, S Park, YH Ulloa, M AF McGuire, Michael R. Leland, Jarrod E. Dara, Surendra Park, Young-Hoon Ulloa, Mauricio TI Effect of different isolates of Beauveria bassiana on field populations of Lygus hesperus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Lygus hesperus; alfalfa; SSR markers ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; MIRIDAE POPULATIONS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; HOST PLANTS; HEMIPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; COTTON; DELTA; DEUTEROMYCOTINA AB Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a particularly damaging pest of many crops in the Western United States. Current control tactics are chemically based and there is some concern over resistance building up in populations. Based on previous laboratory studies conducted in California and Mississippi, USA, two new isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) were selected for field-testing against L. hesperus in California. Alfalfa plots were treated with one of three isolates of B. bassiana (a commercial isolate, an isolate from CA (WTPB2) or an isolate from MS (TPB3)) or the chemical pesticide Warrior T. More than 75% of the adults collected from plots 3 days after application with B. bassiana were infected but no differences in percentage infection occurred among fungal treatments. In addition, approximately 30% of the insects collected from control plots or plots treated with Warrior T were also infected. PCR analysis using SSR markers revealed that the isolate causing most of the infections in fungus treated plots was the isolate applied. A mix of infections was found in control plots and plots treated with Warrior T. Despite high levels of infection, no significant reductions of adult populations occurred until 10-14 days after application when plots treated with Warrior T or B. bassiana had about half the numbers of adult L. hesperus as the control plots. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Shafter Res & Extens Ctr Shafter, Davis, CA 93263 USA. RP McGuire, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mmcguire@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.12.010 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 078CA UT WOS:000240077600016 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Huang, CY Zou, XM Rodriguez, C AF Gonzalez, Grizelle Huang, Ching Yu Zou, Xiaoming Rodriguez, Carlos TI Earthworm invasions in the tropics SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE tropics; earthworms; exotic; native; Caribbean; invasion ID PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PONTOSCOLEX-CORETHRURUS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; SECONDARY FORESTS; TREE PLANTATIONS; N AVAILABILITY; MYRICA-FAYA; PASTURE; GROWTH; HAWAII AB The effects and implications of invasive species in belowground terrestrial ecosystems are not well known in comparison with above-ground terrestrial and marine environments. The study of earthworm invasions in the tropics is limited by a lack of taxonomic knowledge and the potential for loss of species in native habitats due to anthropogenic land use change. Alteration of land use plays a major role in determining the abundance and community structure of earthworms and the establishment of exotic earthworms in areas previously inhabited by worms. Once an exotic species has become established into a new place, site and species characteristics seem to be key factors determining their spread. We reviewed the literature on the distribution and effects of exotic earthworms to understand the interactions of earthworm invasion and land use history in the tropics. Patterns in the abundance, effects and mechanisms of earthworm invasions on ecosystem processes in the tropics are elucidated using Pontoscolex corethrurus as a case study. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ La Habana, Fac Biol, Havana, Cuba. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Ceiba St, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 54 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1256 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9023-7 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096LD UT WOS:000241377700006 ER PT J AU Hendrix, PF Baker, GH Callaham, MA Damoff, GA Fragoso, C Gonzalez, G James, SW Lachnicht, SL Winsome, T Zou, X AF Hendrix, P. F. Baker, G. H. Callaham, M. A., Jr. Damoff, G. A. Fragoso, C. Gonzalez, G. James, S. W. Lachnicht, S. L. Winsome, T. Zou, X. TI Invasion of exotic earthworms into ecosystems inhabited by native earthworms SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE native earthworms; exotic earthworms; biological invasions; disturbance; competition ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SOILS; FOREST SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; INTRODUCED EARTHWORMS; DENDROBAENA-OCTAEDRA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; SPECIES ABUNDANCE AB The most conspicuous biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems have been by exotic plants, insects and vertebrates. Invasions by exotic earthworms, although not as well studied, may be increasing with global commerce in agriculture, waste management and bioremediation. A number of cases has documented where invasive earthworms have caused significant changes in soil profiles, nutrient and organic matter dynamics, other soil organisms or plant communities. Most of these cases are in areas that have been disturbed (e.g., agricultural systems) or were previously devoid of earthworms (e.g., north of Pleistocene glacial margins). It is not clear that such effects are common in ecosystems inhabited by native earthworms, especially where soils are undisturbed. We explore the idea that indigenous earthworm fauna and/or characteristics of their native habitats may resist invasion by exotic earthworms and thereby reduce the impact of exotic species on soil processes. We review data and case studies from temperate and tropical regions to test this idea. Specifically, we address the following questions: Is disturbance a prerequisite to invasion by exotic earthworms? What are the mechanisms by which exotic earthworms may succeed or fail to invade habitats occupied by native earthworms? Potential mechanisms could include (1) intensity of propagule pressure (how frequently and at what densities have exotic species been introduced and has there been adequate time for proliferation?); (2) degree of habitat matching (once introduced, are exotic species faced with unsuitable habitat conditions, unavailable resources, or unsuited feeding strategies?); and (3) degree of biotic resistance (after introduction into an otherwise suitable habitat, are exotic species exposed to biological barriers such as predation or parasitism, "unfamiliar" microflora, or competition by resident native species?). Once established, do exotic species co-exist with native species, or are the natives eventually excluded? Do exotic species impact soil processes differently in the presence or absence of native species? We conclude that (1) exotic earthworms do invade ecosystems inhabited by indigenous earthworms, even in the absence of obvious disturbance; (2) competitive exclusion of native earthworms by exotic earthworms is not easily demonstrated and, in fact, co-existence of native and exotic species appears to be common, even if transient; and (3) resistance to exotic earthworm invasions, if it occurs, may be more a function of physical and chemical characteristics of a habitat than of biological interactions between native and exotic earthworms. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Georgia, USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Dept Biol Suelos, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. ARS, USDA, NCSCRL, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Hendrix, PF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hendrixp@uga.edu RI Baker, Geoff/B-9200-2009; James, Samuel/D-6010-2013; OI James, Samuel/0000-0001-6758-5726; Fragoso, Carlos/0000-0001-7076-6712; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 80 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1300 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9022-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096LD UT WOS:000241377700009 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Gonzalez, G Hale, CM Heneghan, L Lachnicht, SL Zou, XM AF Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Gonzalez, Grizelle Hale, Cynthia M. Heneghan, Liam Lachnicht, Sharon L. Zou, Xiaoming TI Policy and management responses to earthworm invasions in North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; quarantine; biogeography; earthworms; Lumbricidae; Megascolecidae; Glossoscolecidae; introduced species; exotics ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE SOILS; DENDROBAENA-OCTAEDRA LUMBRICIDAE; ABANDONED TROPICAL PASTURES; PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; PINE FOREST; WET FOREST; COMMUNITY; DENSITY AB The introduction, establishment and spread of non-native earthworm species in North America have been ongoing for centuries. These introductions have occurred across the continent and in some ecosystems have resulted in considerable modifications to ecosystem processes and functions associated with above- and belowground foodwebs. However, many areas of North America have either never been colonized by introduced earthworms, or have soils that are still inhabited exclusively by native earthworm fauna. Although several modes of transport and subsequent proliferation of non-native earthworms have been identified, little effort has been made to interrupt the flow of new species into new areas. Examples of major avenues for introduction of earthworms are the fish-bait, horticulture, and vermicomposting industries. In this paper we examine land management practices that influence the establishment of introduced species in several ecosystem types, and identify situations where land management may be useful in limiting the spread of introduced earthworm species. Finally, we discuss methods to regulate the importation of earthworms and earthworm-containing media so that introduction of new exotic species can be minimized or avoided. Although our focus in this paper is necessarily North American, many of the management and policy options presented here could be applicable to the problem of earthworm invasions in other parts of the world. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Depaul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Morris, MN USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcallaham@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1317 EP 1329 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9016-6 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096LD UT WOS:000241377700011 ER PT J AU Templin, TL Johnston, DB Singh, V Tumbleson, ME Belyea, RL Rausch, KD AF Templin, TL Johnston, DB Singh, V Tumbleson, ME Belyea, RL Rausch, KD TI Membrane separation of solids from corn processing streams SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane filtration; processing; wet milling; enzymes; coproducts; gluten; steepwater AB Corn processing streams are characterized by high water content. Removal of water and recovery of solids are major economic and logistical challenges. New technologies are needed to modify processing streams and to reduce variability and improve quality of coproducts. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems in altering water, solids (protein) and ash contents of corn processing streams. Corn was either steeped with SO2 (STW) or soaked (SKW) in water; STW contained more solids than SKW. Ultrafiltration of STW and SKW had little effect on water removal or solids recovery. Corn was processed by a conventional wet milling process and a wet milling process that used enzymes to eliminate use Of SO2 steeping. Protein streams from the conventional process (CG) and the enzymatic process (EG) were processed by microfiltration. Permeate streams from EG and CG had higher total solids and ash concentrations than retentate streams; much of the ash was recovered in permeate (67% and 83%, respectively). For CG, proteins were largely recovered in retentate, whereas for EG, proteins were recovered in permeate. SDS-PAGE data indicated a decrease in size of proteins in the EG process stream. Permeate streams from microfiltration were subject to ultrafiltration; there was little effect on solids and nutrient separations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rausch, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM krausch@uiuc.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 97 IS 13 BP 1536 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.06.006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 053LL UT WOS:000238306500015 PM 16061375 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Toor, GS Honeycutt, CW Sims, JT AF He, ZQ Toor, GS Honeycutt, CW Sims, JT TI An enzymatic hydrolysis approach for characterizing labile phosphorus forms in dairy manure under mild assay conditions SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organic phosphorus; dairy manure; phosphatases ID SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ANIMAL MANURES; SWINE MANURE; EXTRACTS; FRACTIONATION; PHOSPHATASE; TRANSFORMATIONS; MINERALIZATION; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Characterizing labile P forms in animal manure is a challenge due to their susceptibility to hydrolysis. In this study, we enzymatically characterized P forms in dairy manure (no bedding), collected from a representative dairy farm in New York, by separating into soluble and residual components under mild assay conditions using water and sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). About 75% of total manure P in the fresh manure was characterized, with the remainder (25%) regarded as recalcitrant or biochemically unidentified P. The hydrolyzable organic P in soluble and residual fractions was then characterized by using phosphatase enzymes to simple monoester P, polynucleotide P, phytate-like P, and non-hydrolyzable P. Of the total P in water extracts, 77% was inorganic P, 11% hydrolyzable organic P and 12% non-hydrolyzable P. In the residual resuspension, the distribution of characterized P was 25% spontaneous labile P, 32% simple monoester P, 7% polynucleotide P, 9% phytate-like P, and 26% non-hydrolyzable P, Ultrasonication increased the Pi release from the manure residues, but the deviation in Pi concentrations due to the sampling variance was greater that the increase in Pi due to sonication. Autoclaving sped up the release of both spontaneously labile P and enzymatically hydrolyzable P trapped in the manure residual matrix. Quantifying labile P forms by this approach may advance our ability to predict amount of manure P that will be hydrolyzed and eventually become bioavailable. The information obtained by our modified method would be complementary to that obtained by other methods (such as P-31 NMR and sequential fractionation) for a full spectrum of P species in animal manure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 97 IS 14 BP 1660 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.07.021 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 059ZT UT WOS:000238771400012 PM 16153827 ER PT J AU Branson, DH Joern, A Sword, GA AF Branson, David H. Joern, Anthony Sword, Gregory A. TI Sustainable management of insect herbivores in grassland ecosystems: New perspectives in grasshopper control SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insect population dynamics; grassland ecology; sustainable pest management; habitat manipulation; prevention of grasshopper outbreaks ID CALIFORNIA NATIVE GRASSLAND; RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; POPULATIONS ORTHOPTERA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PREDATION RISK; LONG-TERM; ACRIDIDAE; HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITIES AB Grasshoppers are insect herbivores common to grassland ecosystems worldwide. They comprise important components of biodiversity, contribute significantly to grassland function, and periodically exhibit both local and large-scale outbreaks. Because of grasshoppers' potential economic importance as competitors with ungulate grazers for rangeland forage, periodic grasshopper outbreaks in western US rangeland often elicit intervention over large areas in the form of chemical control. Available information combined with alternative underlying conceptual frameworks suggests that new approaches for sustainable management of grasshopper outbreaks in US rangeland should be pursued. There are many reasons to believe that approaches to grasshopper management that aim to reduce or prevent outbreaks are possible. These habitat manipulation tactics maintain existing ecological feedbacks responsible for sustaining populations at economically nonthreatening levels. Sustainable strategies to minimize the likelihood and extent of grasshopper outbreaks while limiting the need for chemical intervention are a rational and attainable goal for managing grasslands as renewable resources. C1 USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dbranson@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 60 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 9 BP 743 EP 755 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[743:SMOIHI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 084YU UT WOS:000240571100012 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Dervinis, C Novak, N Davis, JM AF Lawrence, Susan D. Dervinis, Christopher Novak, Nicole Davis, John M. TI Wound and insect herbivory responsive genes in poplar SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defense; DRE-box; H-box; herbivory; infestation; poplar; Populus; W-box; wounding ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; LARGE-SCALE CHANGES; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; METHYL JASMONATE; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; INDUCED DEFENSES; MESSENGER-RNAS; HYBRID POPLAR AB Insect herbivory leads to induced resistance to subsequent infestations in plants. This is due in part to feeding-induced expression of genes that can lead to reduced palatability and/or digestibility of the plant material. We identified 57 distinct differentially expressed genes from poplars that were either infested by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) or mechanically wounded. Eleven highly insect-inducible genes were also found to be wound-inducible. Time course analysis revealed diverse timing of peak transcript accumulation. Sequence analysis of promoters suggested that the wound responsive elements, W and DRE, and the jasmonic acid responsive H motif, are over-represented in wound-induced poplar promoters and should be investigated further. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lawrencs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1493 EP 1501 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9119-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 082BN UT WOS:000240361600012 PM 16955355 ER PT J AU Laspiur, JP Farmer, C Kerr, BJ Zanella, A Trottier, NL AF Laspiur, J. Perez Farmer, C. Kerr, B. J. Zanella, A. Trottier, N. L. TI Hormonal response to dietary L-arginine supplementation in heat-stressed sows SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arginine; growth hormone; heat stress; insulin; lactation; prolactin; sow ID LACTATING SOWS; GROWTH-HORMONE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PIGS; PERFORMANCE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; ACIDS AB The response of key metabolic hormones to dietary arginine supplementation in heat-stressed lactating sows was determined. Sixty-three sows were exposed to a thermoneutral (TN = 20 degrees C) or hot (HT = 29.4 degrees C) environmental temperature, and were fed diets containing 0.96% (control, Q, 1.34% (medium, ME) or 1.73% (high, HI) arginine. Blood samples were obtained 2 h postprandially on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation and concentrations of insulin, glucose, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin were determined. Arginine supplementation increased insulin concentrations (P < 0.01) on day 14 of lactation, had no effect (P > 0.1) on glucose, and decreased (P < 0.05) GH with ME compared with C diets. There was a temperature x diet interaction (P < 0.05) for prolactin, with values being greater for the C compared with the ME and 111 diets at 29.4 degrees C, but being lower at 20 degrees C. There was no effect (P > 0.1) of temperature alone on any of the measured variables. Results indicate that arginine supplementation may mediate improvements in nutrient utilization by regulating the metabolism of both insulin and GH in lactating sows. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Dairy & Swine Res & Dev Ctr, Lennoxville, PQ J1M 1Z3, Canada. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Farmer, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM farmerc@agr.gc.ca NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 150FW UT WOS:000245202000007 ER PT J AU Hiremath, ST Balasubramanian, S Zheng, J Podila, GK AF Hiremath, Shiv T. Balasubramanian, Sujata Zheng, Jun Podila, Gopi K. TI Symbiosis-regulated expression of an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase gene in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE acetoacetyl-CoA; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; beta-oxidation; ectomycorrhizae; Laccaria bicolor; Pinus resinosa; symbiosis ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; PAXILLUS-INVOLUTUS; BETULA-PENDULA; AMANITA-MUSCARIA; BETA-OXIDATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; SEEDLINGS; IDENTIFICATION AB The ectomycorrhiza is a symbiotic organ generated from the intricate association of fungal hyphae and plant root. The establishment of the ectomycorrhiza is a coordinated process of cross-talk between plant and fungus, followed by metabolic, developmental, and structural changes in the fungus, resulting in its growth toward the root. The initial stages of the symbiotic association are significant, since the direction of the association is determined by the gene expression level shifts that occur at this time. We have isolated a Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton cDNA clone corresponding to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (Lb-AAT), which is expressed during interaction with red pine roots and is symbiosis regulated. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme of the beta-oxidation pathway that degrades long-chain fatty acids to acetyl-CoA. Expression of Lb-AAT is regulated by plant presence, by glucose, and by the presence of acetate or oleate in the medium. It is proposed that the role of Lb-AAT in the symbiosis is generation of two carbon compounds from stored lipids and generation of acetoacetyl-CoA in early interaction facilitating net growth from existing cell material. These results coupled with recent microarray analysis that revealed coordinated expression of malate synthase and other lipid metabolism genes along with Lb-AAT, suggest that this role for Lb-AAT could be an important part of preinfection process in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and in the transfer and utilization of the carbon in the fungus. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43018 USA. RP Hiremath, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM podilag@uah.edu NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1139/B06-104 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 112PN UT WOS:000242538900005 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Hyten, AS AF Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Hyten, Aimee S. TI Phylogenetic relationships of Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon on Fagus in North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE beech bark disease; birch bark disease; Cylindrocarpon; hardwood cankers; hardwood diseases; Neonectria ID BEECH BARK DISEASE; COCCINEA VAR. FAGINATA; ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NECTRIA-GALLIGENA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CYLINDROCARPON; NEONECTRIA; CALONECTRIA; DITISSIMA AB The relationship of two species of Neonectria associated with beech bark canker in North America was evaluated by comparing isolates of these and additional species of the Neonectria coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Rossman & Samuels group found on Fagus. Gene regions in the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and beta-tubulin were sequenced and analyzed. Results indicate that the fungus associated with beech bark disease previously known as Neonectria coccinea var. faginata Lohman et al. (equivalent to Nectria coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Fr. var. faginata Lohman et al.) should be recognized as a separate species, Neonectria faginata, distinct from Neonectria coccinea. Neonectria faginata including its anamorphic state, Cylindrocarpon faginatum C.aBooth, is known only on Fagus in North America. A second species associated with beech bark disease in North America is Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C.aTul.) Samuels & Rossman, which can be distinguished morphologically from Neonectria faginata based on ascospore size, conidial size and shape, and colony pigmentation. Morphological and molecular data indicate that Neonectria ditissima represents an older name for Neonectria galligena Bres. Similarly, the anamorphic state of Neonectria ditissima is the older epithet Cylindrocarpon heteronema with Cylindrocarpon willkommii as a synonym. Neonectria ditissima occurs on a variety of hardwood trees in North America and Europe. Neonectria coccinea occurs only on Fagus in Europe. Neonectria major (Wollenw.) Castl. & Rossman is recognized as a species that occurs only on Alnus in Canada (British Columbia), France, Norway, and the United States (Washington). The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Neonectria faginata comb. and stat. nov., Neonectria fuckeliana comb. nov., Neonectria hederae comb. nov., Neonectria major comb. and stat. nov., and Neonectria punicea comb. nov. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Boy & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Castlebury, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Boy & Mycol Lab, Room 304,B011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 46 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1417 EP 1433 DI 10.1139/B06-105 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 112PN UT WOS:000242538900006 ER PT J AU Hallett, RA Bailey, SW Horsley, SB Long, RP AF Hallett, Richard A. Bailey, Scott W. Horsley, Stephen B. Long, Robert P. TI Influence of nutrition and stress on sugar maple at a regional scale SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; ACER-SACCHARUM; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; CROWN CONDITION; FOREST SOILS; DECLINE; GROWTH; DEFOLIATION; QUEBEC; PENNSYLVANIA AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline disease on the Allegheny Plateau (region 1) resulted in high levels of mortality during the 1990s. Sugar maple was predisposed to decline because of an imbalance in Mg, Ca, and Mn nutrition and incited to decline by repeated defoliation. We sampled 33 stands in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire (region 2) to determine if this model of sugar maple decline applies to a broader region. Low Ca and Mg and higher Mn levels were correlated with poorer tree health in both regions, but region 2 stands had little defoliation and few dead trees, suggesting that both unbalanced nutrition and stress are required for mortality to occur. We predict that stands with low foliar Ca and Mg and high Mn levels would incur increased mortality if stressed. In region 2, relationships between Ca, Mg, and Mn levels and dieback suggested that impacts on sugar maple may be caused by nutritional imbalance alone. Partial correlation analysis suggests that antagonism between Mg and Mn is the most important nutritional factor in region 1, while Mn supply is most important in region 2. We suggest that more research is needed on the interacting roles played by Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn in sugar maple performance. C1 US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Hallett, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rhallett@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 61 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2235 EP 2246 DI 10.1139/X06-120 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 099HU UT WOS:000241585000017 ER PT J AU Barrett, TM AF Barrett, T. M. TI Optimizing efficiency of height modeling for extensive forest inventories SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER RELATIONSHIPS; EQUATIONS AB Although critical to monitoring forest ecosystems, inventories are expensive. This paper presents a generalizable method for using an integer programming model to examine tradeoffs between cost and estimation error for alternative measurement strategies in forest inventories. The method is applied to an example problem of choosing alternative height-modeling strategies for 1389 plots inventoried by field crews traveling within an 82.5 x 10(6) ha region of the west coast of North America during one field season. In the first part of the application, nonlinear regional height models were constructed for 38 common species using a development data set of 137 374 measured tree heights, with root mean square error varying from 6.7 to 2.1 m. In the second part of the application, alternative measurement strategies were examined using a minimal cost objective subject to constraints on travel time and estimation error. Reduced travel time for field crews can be a significant portion of the cost savings from modeling tree heights. The optimization model was used to identify a height-modeling strategy that, given assumptions made, resulted in < 10% of maximum average plot volume error, > 33% of potential measurement cost savings, and small bias for estimates of regional volume and associated sampling error (0,1% and 0,4% respectively). C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Barrett, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM tbarrett@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2259 EP 2269 DI 10.1139/X06-128 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 099HU UT WOS:000241585000019 ER PT J AU Gartner, BL Johnson, GR AF Gartner, Barbara L. Johnson, G. R. TI Is long primary growth associated with stem sinuosity in Douglas-fir? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PINUS-RADIATA; GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATIONS; SEEDLINGS AB Stem sinuosity is a highly visible stem-form trait in the leaders of fast-growing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees, yet its cause is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that sinuous stems have longer expanses of primary growth than nonsinuous stems (putting the leader at higher risk for curvature, induction of compression wood formation, and possibly overcorrection) and higher leader angle using 4- to 5-year-old saplings in raised beds. As hypothesized, sinuous stems had longer expanses of primary growth than did nonsinuous stems (13.5 vs. 12.3 cm, respectively). However, for the dates for which growth (length/day, primary growth, secondary growth, and total growth) differed significantly among sinuosity class, sinuosity class only explained 15%-21% of the variation in growth rate. There were no significant differences in leader angle for saplings of the three sinuosity classes. Contingency tables indicated some consistency in the category of sinuosity to which we assigned the stems in 2001 and 2002 (chi(2) = 11.2, p < 0.004). When we used a more quantitative measure, the ratio of stem length/stem distance, there was a tendency toward a significant relationship between the two years (r = 0.272, p = 0.0893). These data suggest that, counter to expectation, the rate of stem growth was not a large factor in determining whether leaders become sinuous for this population of trees. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gartner, BL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM barbara.gartner@oregonstate.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2351 EP 2356 DI 10.1139/X06-110 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 099HU UT WOS:000241585000026 ER PT J AU Dally, EL Barros, TSL Zhao, Y Lin, S Roe, BA Davis, RE AF Dally, Ellen L. Barros, Thereza S. L. Zhao, Yan Lin, ShaoPing Roe, Bruce A. Davis, Robert E. TI Physical and genetic map of the Spiroplasma kunkelii CR2-3x chromosome SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma kunkelii CR2-3x; corn stunt spiroplasma; mollicutes; genome mapping; two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ID CORN STUNT DISEASE; LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENUS SPIROPLASMA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENOME; CITRI; MYCOPLASMAS; PHYTOPLASMA; MOLLICUTES AB Spiroplasma kunkelii (class Mollicutes) is the characteristically helical, wall-less bacterium that causes corn stunt disease. A combination of restriction enzyme analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern hybridization analysis was used to construct a physical and genetic map of the S. kunkelii CR2-3x chromosome. The order of restriction fragments on the map was determined by analyses of reciprocal endonuclease double digests employing I-CeuI, AscI, ApaI, EagI, SmaI, BssHII, BglI, and SalI; adjacent fragments were identified on two-dimensional pulsed-field electrophoresis gels. The size of the chromosome was estimated at 1550 kb. Oligonucleotide pairs were designed to prime the amplification of 26 S. kunkelii gene sequences in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR amplicons as probes, the locations of 27 S. kunkelii putative single-copy genes were positioned on the map by Southern hybridization analyses of chromosomal fragments separated in PFGE. The nucleotide sequence of the single ribosomal RNA operon was determined and its location mapped to a chromosomal segment bearing recognition sites for SalI, SmaI, EagI, and I-CeuI. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Brasilia, Lab Virol & Microscopia Eletron, Dept Biol Celular, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 9 BP 857 EP 867 DI 10.1139/W06-044 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 107KO UT WOS:000242170300008 PM 17110978 ER PT J AU Beyhaut, E Tlusty, B van Berkum, P Graham, PH AF Beyhaut, Elena Tlusty, Becki van Berkum, Peter Graham, Peter H. TI Rhizobium giardinii is the microsymbiont of Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Macmillan) in midwestern prairies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium taxonomy; biogeography; diversity; prairie legumes ID NODULATE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SOIL; INOCULATION; MINNESOTA; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; FIXATION; LEGUMES; QUALITY AB Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Macmillan) has potential as a grain and forage legume for the American Midwest. Inoculant-quality rhizobia for this legume have been identified but not previously characterized. Rhizobia trapped from 20 soils in the natural range of the Illinois bundleflower had characteristics that placed them overwhelmingly within the species Rhizobium giardinii, one of the few occasions this species has been recovered from legumes, raising questions on the biogeography and spread of midwestern prairie rhizobia. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Graham, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM graha019@umn.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 9 BP 903 EP 907 DI 10.1139/W06-051 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 107KO UT WOS:000242170300013 PM 17110983 ER PT J AU Franklin, AB Nichols, JD Anthony, RG Burnham, KP White, GC Forsman, ED Anderson, DR AF Franklin, A. B. Nichols, J. D. Anthony, R. G. Burnham, K. P. White, G. C. Forsman, E. D. Anderson, D. R. TI Comment on "Are survival rates for northern spotted owls biased?" SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARK-RECAPTURE; DEMOGRAPHY AB Loehle et al. recently estimated survival rates from radio-telemetered northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam, 1898)) and suggested that survival rates estimated for this species from capture-recapture studies were negatively biased, which subsequently resulted in the negatively biased estimates of rates of population change (lambda) reported by Anthony et al. (Wildl. Monogr. No. 163, pp. 1-47 (2006)). We argue that their survival estimates were inappropriate for comparison with capture-recapture estimates because (i) the manner in which they censored radio-telemetered individuals had the potential to positively bias their survival estimates, (ii) their estimates of survival were not valid for evaluating bias, and (iii) the size and distribution of their radiotelemetry study areas were sufficiently different from capture-recapture study areas to preclude comparisons. In addition, their inferences of negative bias in rates of population change estimated by Anthony et al. were incorrect and reflected a misunderstanding about those estimators. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Franklin, AB (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM alan.b.franklin@aphis.usda.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1375 EP 1379 DI 10.1139/Z06-129 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 108AD UT WOS:000242211200019 ER PT J AU Dray, FA Bennett, BC Center, TD AF Dray, F. Allen, Jr. Bennett, Bradley C. Center, Ted D. TI Invasion history of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake in Florida SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article AB The Australian punk tree Melaleuca quinquenervia is a notorious invasive weed that threatens the biological integrity of Florida's Everglades ecosystems. A comprehensive plan initiated to manage M. quinquenervia includes an ambitious biological control program, and as part of this program we investigated the origins and invasion history of M. quinquenervia in Florida. Scrutiny of public and private records showed that extant populations derive from more than a dozen introductions, with the earliest occurring during 1886 in Sarasota County. Six sources, some Australian and some extra-Australian, have contributed to Florida's populations. The tree became naturalized in southern Florida during the 1920s, but a paucity of records makes it difficult to determine when naturalized populations began to proliferate via an exponential growth phase. Human distribution of seeds and seedlings is a confounding factor in attempting to decipher rates of M. quinquenervia invasion. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Dray, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM fadray@saa.ars.usda.gov OI Bennett, Bradley/0000-0001-7358-536X NR 97 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 15 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY, NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N. HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST., NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD SEP PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP 210 EP 225 DI 10.2179/05-27.1 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 108NE UT WOS:000242245700004 ER PT J AU Hnasko, R Frank, PG Ben-Jonathan, N Lisanti, MP AF Hnasko, Robert Frank, Philippe G. Ben-Jonathan, Nira Lisanti, Michael P. TI PV-1 is negatively regulated by VEGF in the lung of caveolin-1, but not caveolin-2, null mice SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE plasmalemma vesicle protein-1; PV-1; caveolin; caveolae; Cav-1; vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF; KDR; flk-1; endothelial cells; lung; mouse ID NEONATAL MICE; SHOW EVIDENCE; SH3 DOMAINS; IN-VIVO; GROWTH; PROTEIN; PEPTIDE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; DIAPHRAGMS AB An N-glycosylated 60-kDa PV-1 protein that binds heparin was detected in mouse lung from a single mRNA transcript. In the absence of disulfide bond reduction PV-1 is detected as a dimer or large molecular weight oligomer. In the lung of Cav-1, but not Cav-2, null mice the amount of PV-1 protein is diminished, with no detectable change in mRNA level. PV-1 does not fractionate with caveolae on a sucrose density gradient, but the Cav-1 protein is detected in fractions following immunoprecipitation with PV-1 antibodies. Both PV-1 and Cav-1 localize to alveolar endothelial cells, but PV-1 is concentrated at the abluminal and Cav-1 at the luminal cell surface with minimal colocalization. In the Cav-1 null lungs, PV-1 is nearly undetectable in endothelial cells, but remains unchanged in pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. Injection of a VEGF-R2 inhibitor increased PV-1 protein in lung of Cav-1 null, but not Cav-2 or wild-type mice. These data indicate that the PV-1 protein is negatively regulated in pulmonary endothelial cells by VEGF-R2 signaling. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Cell Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Neurobiol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Anat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USDA, ARS, Pacific W Area, Western Reg Res Ctr,Foodborne Contaminants Res Un, Albany, CA USA. RP Lisanti, MP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Canc Biol, 233 S 10th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM Michael.lisanti@jefferson.edu RI Lisanti, Michael/C-6866-2013; Frank, Philippe/A-3463-2011 OI Frank, Philippe/0000-0003-4857-5279 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 17 BP 2012 EP 2020 DI 10.4161/cc.5.17.3216 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 089EA UT WOS:000240861900019 PM 16969073 ER PT J AU Hnasko, R Carter, JM Medina, F Frank, PG Lisanti, MP AF Hnasko, Robert Carter, John Mark Medina, Freddy Frank, Philippe G. Lisanti, Michael P. TI PV-1 labels trans-cellular openings in mouse endothelial cells and is negatively regulated by VEGF SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE plasmalemma vesicle protein-1; PLVAP; PV-1; MS-1 cells; endothelial cells; vascular endothelial growth factor; KDR; flk-1; VEGF-R2; SU5614; diapedesis; transendothelial channel ID GROWTH-FACTORS; SHOW EVIDENCE; MICE; PROLIFERATION; ANGIOGENESIS; RECEPTORS; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN; LUNG AB The PV-1 protein is endogenously expressed from a single mRNA in the mouse pancreatic MS-1 endothelial cell line as a 60-kDa N-glycosylated and 50-kDa non-glycosylated protein that form DTT sensitive oligomers. In the absence of cell permeabilization, PV-1 antibodies label transcellular openings of variable size, many that penetrate through the cytosol with circular openings on the free and attached surface of the plasma membrane. Intracellular PV-1 is localized in perinuclear aggregates that can extend as a fibrous network through the cytosol and often surround the nuclear compartment. In some cells, PV-1 is organized as a large unipolar spindle-like structure that is often associated with severe deformation of the nucleus. The VEGF-R2 inhibitor SU5614 increased the PV-1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited MS-1 cell growth, without inducing apoptosis. This report provides compelling evidence for a functional role of PV-1 in the formation of large transendothelial channels and modulation of nuclear shape. Moreover, these data suggest the PV-1 protein is negatively regulated by VEGF. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. RP Lisanti, MP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Canc Biol, 233 S 10th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM Michael.lisanti@jefferson.edu RI Lisanti, Michael/C-6866-2013; Frank, Philippe/A-3463-2011; OI Frank, Philippe/0000-0003-4857-5279; Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 17 BP 2021 EP 2028 DI 10.4161/cc.5.17.3217 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 089EA UT WOS:000240861900020 PM 16969078 ER PT J AU Murthy, GS Singh, V Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Tumbleson, ME AF Murthy, Ganti S. Singh, Vijay Johnston, David B. Rausch, Kent D. Tumbleson, M. E. TI Evaluation and strategies to improve fermentation characteristics of modified dry-grind corn processes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIBER; OIL AB New corn fractionation technologies that produce higher value coproducts from dry-grind processing have been developed. Wet fractionation technologies involve a short soaking of corn followed by milling to recover germ and pericarp fiber in an aqueous medium before fermentation of degermed defibered slurry. In dry fractionation technologies, a dry degerm defiber (3D) process (similar to conventional corn dry-milling) is used to separate germ and pericarp fiber before fermentation of the endosperm fraction. The effect of dry and wet fractionation technologies on the fermentation rates and ethanol yields were studied and compared with the conventional dry-grind process. The wet process had the highest fermentation rate. The endosperm fraction obtained from 3D process had lowest fermentation rate and highest residual sugars at the end of fermentation. Strategies to improve the fermentation characteristics of endosperm fraction from 3D process were evaluated using two saccharification and fermentation processes. The endosperm fraction obtained from 3D process was liquefied by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermented using either separate saccharification (SS) and fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Corn germ soak water and B-vitamins were added during fermentation to study the effect of micronutrient addition. Ethanol and sugar profiles were measured using HPLC. The endosperm fraction fermented using SSF produced higher ethanol yields than SS. Addition of B-vitamins and germ soak water during SSF improved fermentation of 3D process and resulted in 2.6 and 2.3% (v/v) higher ethanol concentrations and fermentation rates compared with 3D process treatment with no addition of micronutrients. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu RI Murthy, Ganti/C-8993-2011; Murthy, Ganti /P-5272-2015 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0455 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500001 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Raboy, V AF Bregitzer, Phil Raboy, Victor TI Effects of four independent low-phytate mutations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on seed phosphorus characteristics and malting quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; PERFORMANCE; PHENOTYPE; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; MUTANTS; GRAINS; CORN AB Conversion of the seed phosphorus storage compound phytic acid, which is poorly digested by nonruminants, to available forms of phosphorus will have nutritional and environmental benefits. Low-phytate (LP) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars are in development and their commercialization will be facilitated by understanding their phosphorus profiles and malting quality. To study these issues, LP and normal types derived from mutagenized populations of barley cultivar Harrington (sets of sib lines homozygous for the wild-type [WT] allele, or for one of four low-phytic acid mutations, lpa1-1, lpa2-1, lpa3-1, or M955), were developed through backcrosses to Harrington. Grain was produced in irrigated and rain-fed environments. WT phosphorus profiles were similar to those of Harrington, suggesting that the major variable was the presence or absence of mutant alleles. All mutations conferred increased inorganic phosphorus. Total P was reduced for lpal-1. Phosphorus profiles were relatively stable across environments, which will facilitate the inclusion of LP barley in animal rations. Utilization of LP cultivars for malting may be difficult, as the LP trait was associated with substantial reductions in diastatic power. All mutations, except for lpa2-1, affected wort beta-glucan levels, which could not be attributed to altered grain beta-glucan levels. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0460 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500002 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZS Park, SH Chung, OK Caley, MS Seib, PA AF Xiao, Z. S. Park, S. H. Chung, O. K. Caley, M. S. Seib, P. A. TI Solvent retention capacity values in relation to hard winter wheat and flour properties and straight-dough breadmaking quality SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AACC METHOD 56-11; STARCH GRANULES; MAKING QUALITY; BREAD; CULTIVARS; SIZE AB Solvent retention capacity (SRC) was investigated in assessing the end use quality of hard winter wheat (HWW). The four SRC values of 116 HWW flours were determined using 5% lactic acid, 50% sucrose, 5% sodium carbonate, and distilled water. The SRC values were greatly affected by wheat and flour protein contents, and showed significant linear correlations with 1,000-kernal weight and single kernel weight, size, and hardness. The 5% lactic acid SRC value showed the highest correlation (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001) with straight-dough bread volume, followed by 50% sucrose, and least by distilled water. We found that the 5% lactic acid SRC value differentiated the quality of protein relating to loaf volume. When we selected a set of flours that had a narrow range of protein content of 12-13% (n = 37) from the 116 flours, flour protein content was not significantly correlated with loaf volume. The 5% lactic acid SRC value, however, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001) with loaf volume. The 5% lactic acid SRC value was significantly correlated with SDS-sedimentation volume (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). The SDS-sedimentation test showed a similar capability to 5% lactic acid SRC, correlating significantly with loaf volume for flours with similar protein content (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Prediction models for loaf volume were derived from a series of wheat and flour quality parameters. The inclusion of 5% lactic acid SRC values in the prediction model improved R-2 = 0.778 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 57.2 from R-2 = 0.609 and RMSE = 75.6, respectively, from the prediction model developed with the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy data. The prediction models were tested with three validation sets with different protein ranges and confirmed that the 5% lactic acid SRC test is valuable in predicting the loaf volume of bread from a HWW flour, especially for flours with similar protein contents. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM seokho.park@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0465 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500003 ER PT J AU Maghirang, EB Lookhart, GL Bean, SR Pierce, RO Xie, F Caley, MS Wilson, JD Seabourn, BW Ram, AS Park, SH Chung, OK Dowell, FE AF Maghirang, E. B. Lookhart, G. L. Bean, S. R. Pierce, R. O. Xie, F. Caley, M. S. Wilson, J. D. Seabourn, B. W. Ram, A. S. Park, S. H. Chung, O. K. Dowell, F. E. TI Comparison of quality characteristics and breadmaking functionality of hard red winter and hard red spring wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN-FRACTIONS; LIPID EXTRACTION; FLOUR; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; CULTIVARS AB Various whole-kernel, milling, flour, dough, and breadmaking quality parameters were compared between hard red winter (HRW) and hard red spring (HRS) wheat. From the 50 quality parameters evaluated, values of only nine quality characteristics were found to be similar for both classes. These were test weight, grain moisture content, kernel size, polyphenol oxidase content, average gluten index, insoluble polymeric protein (%), free nonpolar lipids, loaf volume potential, and mixograph tolerance. Some of the quality characteristics that had significantly higher levels in HRS than in HRW wheat samples included grain protein content, grain hardness, most milling and flour quality measurements, most dough physicochemical properties, and most baking characteristics. When HRW and HRS wheat samples were grouped to be within the same wheat protein content range (11.4-15.8%), the average value of many grain and breadmaking quality characteristics were similar for both wheat classes but significant differences still existed. Values that were higher for HRW wheat flour were color b*, free polar lipids content, falling number, and farinograph tolerance. Values that were higher for HRS wheat flour were geometric mean diameter, quantity of insoluble polymeric proteins and gliadins, mixograph mix time, alveograph configuration ratio, dough weight, crumb grain score, and SDS sedimentation volume. This research showed that the grain and flour quality of HRS wheat generally exceeds that of HRW wheat whether or not samples are grouped to include a similar protein content range. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Fed Grain Inspect Serv, Kansas City, MO 64163 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 520 EP 528 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0520 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500012 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Xie, F Lookhart, GL Pierce, RO Seabourn, BW Bean, SR Wilson, JD Chung, OK AF Dowell, F. E. Maghirang, E. B. Xie, F. Lookhart, G. L. Pierce, R. O. Seabourn, B. W. Bean, S. R. Wilson, J. D. Chung, O. K. TI Predicting wheat quality characteristics and functionality using near-infrared spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FLOUR; STARCH; DURUM AB The accuracy of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting 186 grain, milling, flour, dough, and breadmaking quality parameters of 100 hard red winter (HRW) and 98 hard red spring (HRS) wheat and flour samples was evaluated. NIRS shows the potential for predicting protein content, moisture content, and flour color b* values with accuracies suitable for process control (R-2 > 0.97). Many other parameters were predicted with accuracies suitable for rough screening including test weight, average single kernel diameter and moisture content, SDS sedimentation volume, color a* values, total gluten content, mixograph, farinograph, and alveograph parameters, loaf volume, specific loaf volume, baking water absorption and mix time, gliadin and glutenin content, flour particle size, and the percentage of dark hard and vitreous kernels. Similar results were seen when analyzing data from either HRW or HRS wheat, and when predicting quality using spectra from either grain or flour. However, many attributes were correlated to protein content and this relationship influenced classification accuracies. When the influence of protein content was removed from the analyses, the only factors that could be predicted by NIRS with R-2 > 0.70 were moisture content, test weight, flour color, free lipids, flour particle size, and the percentage of dark hard and vitreous kernels. Thus, NIRS can be used to predict many grain quality and functionality traits, but mainly because of the high correlations of these traits to protein content. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Qual & Struct Inspect Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Fed Grain Inspect Serv, Kansas City, MO 64163 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0529 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500013 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Graybosch, RA Baenziger, PS Baltensperger, DD Hansen, LE AF Dowell, F. E. Maghirang, E. B. Graybosch, R. A. Baenziger, P. S. Baltensperger, D. D. Hansen, L. E. TI An automated near-infrared system for selecting individual kernels based on specific quality characteristics SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT KERNELS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN HARDNESS; BULK WHEAT; PROTEIN; CLASSIFICATION AB An automated sorting system was developed that nondestructively measured quality characteristics of individual kernels using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. This single-kernal NIR system was applied to sorting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels by protein content and hardness, and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) into amylose-bearing and amylose-free fractions. Single wheat kernels with high protein content could be sorted from pure lines so that the high-protein content portion was 3.1 percentage points higher than the portion with the low-protein kernels. Likewise, single wheat kernels with specific hardness indices could be removed from pure lines such that the hardness index in the sorted samples was 29.4 hardness units higher than the soft kernels. The system was able to increase the waxy, or amylose-free, millet kernels in segregating samples from 94% in the unsorted samples to 98% in the sorted samples. The portion of waxy millet kernels in segregating samples was increased from 32% in the unsorted samples to 55% after sorting. Thus, this technology can be used to enrich the desirable class within segregating populations in breeding programs, to increase the purity of heterogeneous advanced or released lines, or to measure the distribution of quality within samples during the marketing process. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0537 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500014 ER PT J AU Geera, BP Nelson, JE Souza, E Huber, KC AF Geera, B. P. Nelson, J. E. Souza, E. Huber, K. C. TI Granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene effects related to soft wheat flour/starch characteristics and properties SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PASTING PROPERTIES; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; WAXY WHEAT; PROTEIN-DEFICIENCIES; AMYLOSE SYNTHESIS; LIPID CONTENTS; COMMON WHEAT; ENDOSPERM; GELATINIZATION AB Eight soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes representing the four granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) classes were evaluated with respect to flour/starch characteristics and pasting behaviors. Native starch was isolated from genotype straight-grade flours (94.8-98.1% of starch recovered) to approximate the starch populations of the parent flours. As anticipated, amylose characteristics varied among the genotypes according to GBSSI class and accounted for the primary compositional difference between genotypes. Total (TAM), apparent (AAM), and lipid-complexed (LAM) amylose contents ranged from 1.0-25.5 g, 0.7-20.4 g, and 0.3-5.6 g/100 g of native starch, respectively, and gradually decreased with the progressive loss of active Wx alleles. In addition, genotype flour total starch (ITS) and A-type starch granule contents, which ranged from 81.7-87.6 g/100 g of flour (db) and 61.6-76.8 g/100 g of native starch (db), respectively, generally decreased with an increase in waxy character in parallel with amylose characteristics, as likely secondary effects of Wx gene dosage. Though amylose characteristics predominantly accounted for the majority of genotype flour pasting properties, FTS content and ratios of A- to B-type granules also exhibited significant influence. Thus, loss of one or more Wx genes appeared to induce measurable secondary effects on starch characteristics and properties. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huber, KC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, POB 442312, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM huberk@uidaho.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 544 EP 550 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0544 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500015 ER PT J AU Geera, BP Nelson, JE Souza, E Huber, KC AF Geera, B. P. Nelson, J. E. Souza, E. Huber, K. C. TI Composition and properties of A- and B-type starch granules of wild-type, partial waxy, and waxy soft wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; CEREAL STARCHES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; BREAD CHARACTERISTICS; PASTING BEHAVIOR; AMYLOSE CONTENT; GELATINIZATION AB Starch A- and B-type granules were isolated from soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes representing the four granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) classes, and characterized according to composition and properties. While total (TAM) and apparent (AAM) amylose contents of both granule fractions decreased as starch waxy character increased, the A-type granules possessed higher TAM and AAM contents than B-type granules for a given genotype. From wild-type to waxy, a general transition was observed from B- to A-type starch granule fractions with higher levels of lipid-complexed amylose (LAM) and phospholipid. Within a genotype, A-type (relative to B-type) granules possessed higher gelatinization enthalpies, while B-type granules exhibited higher gelatinization peak and completion temperatures (broader gelatinization ranges) than A-type granules. Normal (wild-type) and waxy A- and B-type starch granule pasting rates were affected by starch granule lipids; the granule type within a genotype with the lowest LAM and phospholipid levels generally exhibited the shortest time to pasting. For normal and waxy starches, A-type granules exhibited higher pasting viscosities than B-type granules throughout the pasting profile. Thus, the A:B-type granule ratio is important to understanding overall wheat starch composition and behavior. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Huber, KC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, POB 442312, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM huberk@uidaho.edu NR 43 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0551 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500016 ER PT J AU Geera, BP Nelson, JE Souza, E Huber, KC AF Geera, B. P. Nelson, J. E. Souza, E. Huber, K. C. TI Flour pasting properties of wild-type and partial waxy soft wheats in relation to growing environment-induced fluctuations in starch characteristics SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; JAPANESE NOODLES; 2 CULTIVARS; EARS; ENDOSPERM; EXPOSURE; QUALITY AB To relate growing environment-induced differences in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour pasting properties with fluctuations in starch characteristics, starch characteristics of flours milled from wild-type and partial waxy wheat genotypes grown at two diverse locations (irrigated vs. rain-fed) over two successive crop years (2000, 2001) were analyzed. The crop year or growing location that possessed the highest peak and breakdown viscosity values exhibited the highest mean flour total starch (FTS) content, while that exhibiting the highest trough, final, and setback viscosities possessed the highest mean A-type granule content. Correlation analysis across growing environments provided additional evidence for associations between flour pasting properties and flour/starch characteristics. Fluctuations in mean FTS content were associated with flour peak (r = 0.95) and breakdown (r = 0.93) viscosity differences, while variability in A-type granule content was strongly correlated with fluctuations in trough (r = 0.82), final (r = 0.96), and setback (r = 0.99) viscosities. Peak viscosity was also negatively correlated with total (r = -0.78) and lipid-complexed (r = -0.72) amylose contents. Of the flour/starch characteristics measured, variability in FTS and A/B-type granule contents best explained growing environment-induced fluctuations in flour pasting properties. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huber, KC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, POB 442312, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM huberk@uidaho.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0558 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500017 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW AF Lawton, John W. TI Isolation of zein using 100% ethanol SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; GRAINS; CORN AB Traditionally, zein is isolated and recovered from corn gluten meal (GCM) using aqueous alcohol as the solvent. Recovery of zein from this solvent is inconvenient and costly. Zein is insoluble in 100% ethanol at room temperature, but it is soluble at 120 degrees C in ethanol. Absolute ethanol effectively extracted zein from CGM, distillers dried grains (DDG), and ground corn. Zein was extracted from CGM with absolute ethanol in a high-pressure reactor at 130 degrees C. After extracting at 130 degrees C for 45 min, the solution was pumped out of the extractor and allowed to cool. Upon cooling, the zein precipitated from solution. The precipitate was removed from the solution and air-dried, resulting in 14% recovery of the starting material. The recovered precipitate had an average protein content of > 90% on a dry basis, accounting for approximate to 20% of the CGM protein and recovered approximate to 35% of its zein. No differences were seen in the amount of zein extracted from CGM samples that were hand-collected off the dewatering screen and gently dried, versus commercial CGM samples. The commercial CGM did produce a greater amount of solubles. The extraction procedure also worked at temperatures as low as 90 degrees C. The lower temperature did produce lower yields of extracted zein. The zein extracted at the lower temperatures was less brown, but zein extracted at either temperature was almost fully soluble in traditional zein solvents. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lawtonjw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0565 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500018 ER PT J AU Wu, X Zhao, R Wang, D Bean, SR Seib, PA Tuinstra, MR Campbell, M O'Brien, A AF Wu, X. Zhao, R. Wang, D. Bean, S. R. Seib, P. A. Tuinstra, M. R. Campbell, M. O'Brien, A. TI Effects of amylose, corn protein, and corn fiber contents on production of ethanol from starch-rich media SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUEL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; ENZYME-RESISTANT STARCH; MAIZE STARCHES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; PARTICLE-SIZE; FERMENTATION; WHEAT; GELATINIZATION; DIGESTIBILITY AB The effects of amylose, protein, and fiber contents on ethanol yields were evaluated using artificially formulated media made from commercial corn starches with different contents of amylose, corn protein, and corn fiber, as well as media made from different cereal sources including corn, sorghum, and wheat with different amylose contents. Second-order response-surface regression models were used to study the effects and interactions of amylose, protein, and fiber contents on ethanol yield and conversion efficiency. The results showed that the amylose content of starches had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on ethanol conversion efficiency. No significant effect of protein content on ethanol production was observed. Fiber did not show a significant effect on ethanol fermentation either. Conversion efficiencies increased as the amylose content decreased, especially when the amylose content was > 35%. The reduced quadratic model fits the conversion efficiency data better than the full quadratic model does. Fermentation tests on mashes made from corn, sorghum, and wheat samples with different amylose contents confirmed the adverse effect of amylose content on fermentation efficiency. High-temperature cooking with agitation significantly increased the conversion efficiencies on mashes made from high-amylose (35-70%) ground corn and starches. A cooking temperature of > 160 degrees C was needed on high-amylose corn and starches to obtain a conversion efficiency equal to that of normal corn and starch. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 53 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 83 IS 5 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0569 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086YG UT WOS:000240708500019 ER PT J AU Stephenson, SK Offeman, RD Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Stephenson, S. K. Offeman, R. D. Robertson, G. H. Orts, W. J. TI Ethanol and water capacities of alcohols: A molecular dynamics study SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extraction; separations; simulations; theory of liquids; molecular dynamics; hydrogen-bonding ID FREE-ENERGY PERTURBATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; TERTIARY BUTANOL; LIQUID ALCOHOLS; FERMENTATION; MIXTURES; METHANOL AB The extended hydrogen bond networks formed by alcohols are good indicators of their capacities to hold water. Results from molecular dynamics simulations on 24 linear alcohol isomers containing 6-12 carbon atoms show the effects of hydroxyl location on bulk hydrogen-bonded structures. Calculated oxygen-oxygen radial distributions obtained from simulations were correlated to experimental liquid-liquid solvent extraction studies involving ternary water/ethanol/alcohol systems. It was found that hydroxyl group location determines the primary structure of the bulk alcohol's hydrogen bond network and that an alcohol's capacity for water correlates directly to the size of this network. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stephenson, SK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM serena.stephenson@gmail.com NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 61 IS 17 BP 5834 EP 5840 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 070FD UT WOS:000239504800027 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Wang, SF Vitullo, J Roda, A Mannion, C Bergh, JC AF Zhang, Aijun Wang, Shifa Vitullo, Justin Roda, Amy Mannion, Catharine Bergh, J. Christopher TI Olfactory discrimination among sex pheromone stereoisomers: Chirality recognition by pink hibiscus mealybug males SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article DE antagonistic effect; chirality recognition; pink hibiscus mealybug; sex pheromone; stereoisomer ID MACONELLICOCCUS-HIRSUTUS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Our previous field studies suggested that the two chiral centers in the sex pheromone of pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, could elicit different male responses. The chiral center in the acid moiety of the pheromone seemed to be more critical than the alcohol portion of the pheromone molecule for attractiveness. The objective of the current study was to test this hypothesis by deploying stereoisomeric blends in pheromone traps. Captures of male M. hirsutus showed that pheromone with the naturally occurring (R)-maconelliyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate and (R)-lavandulyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate [R-S configuration] was most attractive and that pheromone with the unnatural S-S configuration was less attractive. In addition, the RS-R blend (containing R-R and S-R stereoisomers) yielded captures of male M. hirsutus that were comparable to blank controls, and an inhibitory effect was observed when R-R and S-R were combined with naturally occurring R-S blend. These results suggest a unique chirality recognition mechanism; olfactory discrimination among different pheromone stereoisomers depends upon both asymmetric centers. The S configuration on the acid moiety elicits attraction, whereas the R configuration induces inhibition. However, the attractive activity shows some degree of tolerance toward chirality change in the alcohol portion of the pheromone molecules. C1 ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Entomol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 7 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1093/chemse/bjl001 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 086NK UT WOS:000240680100003 PM 16777924 ER PT J AU Berger, S Hinz, D Bannantine, JP Griffin, JFT AF Berger, Sven Hinz, Dominik Bannantine, John P. Griffin, J. Frank T. TI Isolation of high-affinity single-chain antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis surface proteins from sheep with Johne's disease SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TUBERCULOSIS; REPERTOIRES; TECHNOLOGY; SEPARATION; INFECTION AB Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. Improved investigative and diagnostic tools-necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection-are much sought after. Here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins. Single-chain antibodies (scFv) were generated from sheep with Johne's disease by cloning heavychain and lambda light-chain variable regions and expressing these in fusion with gene III of filamentous phages. Two scFv clones (designated SurfS1.2 and SurfS2.2) were shown to be immunoreactive against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface targets by How cytometry, and immunoblotting identified specificity for a 34-kDa proteinase-susceptible determinant. Both antibodies were cross-reactive against Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium but nonreactive against Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium phlei cells and were shown to be capable of enriching M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells by a factor of approximately 10(6)-fold when employed in magnetic bead separation of mixed Mycobacterium sp. cultures. Further, magnetic bead separation using SurfSI.2 and SurfS2.2 was capable of isolating as few as 10(3) M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells from ovine fecal samples, indicating the diagnostic potential of these reagents. Finally, inclusion of SurfS1.2 or SurfS2.2 in in vitro broth culture with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis indicated that surface binding activity did not impede bacterial growth, although colony clumping was prevented. These results are discussed in terms of the potential use of single-chain phage display monoclonal antibodies as novel diagnostic reagents. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, Dunedin, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Griffin, JFT (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM frank.griffin@stonebow.otago.ac.nz OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1022 EP 1029 DI 10.1128/CVI.00163-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 085BJ UT WOS:000240577800008 PM 16960114 ER PT J AU Williams, NE Walker, SC Reeves, DE Sherrer, E Galvin, JM Polejaeva, I Rampacek, G Benyshek, L Christenson, RK Graves, WM Pratt, SL AF Williams, N. E. Walker, S. C. Reeves, D. E. Sherrer, E. Galvin, J. M. Polejaeva, I. Rampacek, G. Benyshek, L. Christenson, R. K. Graves, W. M. Pratt, S. L. TI A comparison of reproductive characteristics of boars generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer to highly related conventionally produced boars SO CLONING AND STEM CELLS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CLONED CALVES; SEMEN QUALITY; FERTILIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB This study compares the reproductive performance of boars produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer versus conventional breeding. Two different genotypes were selected for comparison: terminal cross line 1 (TX1) and terminal cross line 2 (TX2). The boars selected for comparison from TX1 were three cloned boars, produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer and the conventionally produced progenitor of the clones. The boars selected for comparison from TX2 were a cloned boar produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer and two conventionally produced half sibling boars that were offspring of the progenitor of the clone. Semen from each boar was collected, extended, evaluated and shipped offsite. Upon arrival, the semen was reevaluated and utilized for artificial insemination of 89 commercial gilts, at least 12 gilts per boar, producing 625 piglets. Pregnancy rates were determined at day 30 and 110 of gestation; and farrowing rate and gestation length were recorded. Differences were observed in some of the semen characteristics analyzed with the clones usually possessing superior semen quality to the control, this likely being a result of age differences amongst the clones and controls. Additionally no differences were noted between the clones and controls (progenitor) or between individual boars within genetic line for pregnancy rates, gestation length or any of the litter parameters examined between the clones and controls. These data further support previous reports with limited numbers that the reproductive capabilities of cloned boars are equal to that of conventionally produced boars. C1 ViaGen Inc, Austin, TX 78727 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Bresegen Inc, Athens, GA USA. Reprod Technol Serv, Roanoke Rapids, NC USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Benyshek & Hough Consulting Serv, Athens, GA USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Walker, SC (reprint author), ViaGen Inc, 12357-A Riata Trace Pkwy, Austin, TX 78727 USA. EM shawn.walker@viagen.com RI Polejaeva, Irina/G-4881-2012 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2302 J9 CLONING STEM CELLS JI Cloning Stem Cells PD FAL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1089/clo.2006.8.130 PG 10 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 092AC UT WOS:000241068400003 PM 17009889 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Nearns, EH AF Lingafelter, Steven W. Nearns, Eugeno H. TI Rediscovery and redescription of the remarkable Phoenicus sanguinipennis Lacordaire (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae : Trachyderini) from the Dominican Republic SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Phoenicus sanguinipennis was described by Lacordaire in 1869 based on one male specimen of unknown origin. We rediscovered this species 135 years later in the Punta Cana region in La Altagracia Province of eastern Dominican Republic (18 degrees 30.477'N, 68 degrees 22.499'W). Twenty-seven specimens were collected at lights and on dead Maclura tinctoria (Linnaeus) D. Don ex Steudel (Moraceae). We provide a thorough description of the species and the previously unknown female, and a discussion of the previous and current knowledge of the species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1649/883.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 104RD UT WOS:000241975500001 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Korotyaev, BA Lingafelter, SW AF Anderson, Donald M. Korotyaev, Borls A. Lingafelter, Steven W. TI Discovery of a new species of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Smicronyx obrieni Anderson, Korotyaev, and Lingafelter, a new species associated with ragweed [Ambrosia grayi (A. Nelson) Shinners], was discovered in Krasnodar (Russia) and Texas (United States), and is described. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Lab Insect Systemat, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOCIETY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1649/884.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 104RD UT WOS:000241975500009 ER PT J AU Evans, KO AF Evans, Kervin O. TI Room-temperature ionic liquid cations act as short-chain surfactants and disintegrate a phospholipid bilayer (vol 274, pg 11, 2006) SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM evansko@ncaur.usda.gov NR 1 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 286 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.04.017 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076IK UT WOS:000239950200021 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, GJ Lesch, SM Barnes, EM Luckett, WE AF Fitzgerald, Glenn J. Lesch, Scott M. Barnes, Edward M. Luckett, William E. TI Directed sampling using remote sensing with a response surface sampling design for site-specific agriculture SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE directed sampling; remote sensing; precision agriculture; response surface sampling; spatial autocorrelation; cotton ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; NITROGEN; COTTON; INDEX AB Remotely sensed imagery provides contiguous spatial coverage of a field and can be used as a surrogate to measure crop and soil attributes. Empirical regression models are often used to convert imagery to attribute maps, when an a priori linear relationship can be assumed to exist between the imagery and ground attributes. In this study, we used the response surface approach incorporated in the EC, Sampling, Assessment, and Prediction (ESAP) software to create ground sampling designs from input imagery in order to develop regression equations for predicting crop height and width attributes in a 3.4-ha cotton field. We examined both the reliability of this model-based sampling approach as well as the validity of the assumed linear models using multiple-date imagery and sample data collected from a 3-year remote sensing experiment. Predictions of height and width from regressions between the imagery and ground sampling at the calibration locations gave coefficients of determination for height ranging from 0.34 to 0.90 and for width, 0.30 to 0.94. All regression models but one were statistically significant at the alpha = 0.01 level. To test the reliability of the sampling approach, the regression models developed during the first year were used to predict additional crop height and width attributes at a randomly chosen set of validation sites. Multiple statistical tests indicated that these predictions were both unbiased and within the specified precision of the estimated regression equations. This regression-based directed sampling and estimation method requires fewer points than co-kriging to develop reliable imagery-crop attribute relationships, and thus is potentially less expensive. We hypothesize that other variables such as crop nitrogen might also be accurately predicted using this approach as long as the crop attribute and spectral index meet the model assumptions. Maps of crop attributes and/or soil properties could be used by farmer consultants to schedule variable-rate applications of chemicals or as inputs to crop simulation models providing a spatial extension to their time-series nature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Fitzgerald, GJ (reprint author), US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM gfitzgerald@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2006.04.003 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 092RS UT WOS:000241115600003 ER PT J AU Mohandass, SM Arthur, FH Zhua, KY Throne, JE AF Mohandass, S. M. Arthur, F. H. Zhua, K. Y. Throne, J. E. TI Hydroprene: Mode of action, current status in stored-product pest management, insect resistance, and future prospects SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE hydroprene; stored-product insects; mode of action; insect resistance ID GERMAN-COCKROACH DICTYOPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOGS; CEPHALONICA STAINTON LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH-REGULATORS METHOPRENE; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SURINAMENSIS L COLEOPTERA; FLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA; HOUSE-FLY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CORCYRA-CEPHALONICA AB The insect growth regulator (IGR) hydroprene is a juvenile hormone analogue used in urban and stored-product insect control programs in the United States and in other developed countries. Hydroprene can be considered as an alternative to conventional insecticides because of its specific activity against immature insect stages, low persistence in the environment, and virtually non-toxic effects on mammals. Several published records demonstrate the excellent potential of hydroprene to control many stored-product insects. However, there are concerns of insect resistance to all insecticides, including IGRs. We review the mode of action of hydroprene in insects, examine how hydroprene is used in agricultural and urban pest management systems, describe research with hydroprene in stored-product pest management, and discuss potential mechanisms by which insects could develop resistance to this chemical. We also identify potential areas of further research with hydroprene that include, but are not limited to, the estimation of effects of hydroprene on different flooring surfaces, evaluation of multiple methods of hydroprene application in a facility, identification of other control methods to be used in combination with hydroprene, identification of specific life stages of stored-product insects that are especially vulnerable to hydroprene, and inclusion of the effects of hydroprene in stored-product insect population models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM frank.arthur@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 100 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 064DN UT WOS:000239069500001 ER PT J AU Li, YX Greenberg, SM Liu, TX AF Li, Y. -X. Greenberg, S. M. Liu, T. X. TI Effects of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab and non-Bt cotton on behavior, survival and development of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Trichoplusia ni; Bacillus thuringensis; Bt cotton; behavior; development; survival ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN PROTEIN; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CABBAGE-LOOPER; TRANSGENIC COTTON; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS AB With an assumption that the larvae of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), a secondary pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), could move between cotton plants in the field, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments to determine the larval movement, food choice, consumption, survival, and development on Bt (Bollgard II expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) and non-Bt cotton. On non-Bt cotton, all T. ni larvae fed and stayed on the leaves. In choice tests between a non-Bt and Bt cotton leaves, 73.3%, 86.7% and 93.3% of first instar larvae moved to non-Bt cotton leaves after 1, 8 and 48 h, respectively, indicating that larvae were able to detect and avoid Bt cotton leaves. On the non-Bt cotton leaves, 90% of larvae initiated detectable feeding damage, compared with only 16.7% on the Bt cotton leaves. The larvae feeding on non-Bt cotton leaves consumed an average of 0.226 cm(2) leaf per larva in 48 h, whereas the larvae feeding on Bt cotton leaves consumed an average of 0.018 cm(2) leaf per larva. The developmental times of each of the five larval stages or pupal stage were generally not significantly different with a few exceptions when they fed either on non-Bt leaves or a mixture of non-Bt and Bt leaves. The pupae that developed from the larvae that fed on non-Bt were 21.6-24.7% heavier than those that developed from the larvae that fed on a mixture of non-Bt and Bt cotton leaves. The total developmental time of larvae in the mixed-leaf treatment was significantly longer than that of larvae on non-Bt leaves. No T ni larvae survived when they fed exclusively on Bt cotton leaves. Starved larvae died significantly sooner than those on Bt leaves. High percentages of larvae survived when they fed either on non-Bt leaves (92.7%) or on the mixture of non-Bt and Bt cotton leaves (91.7%) for 5 days. The recognition and migration of the first instar T ni larvae from Bt cotton leaves to non-Bt cotton leaves imply that the merit of Bt and non Bt cotton seed mixture at planting should be further evaluated as a strategy for Bt cotton resistance management of lepidopteran pests. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vegetable IPM Lab, Dept Entomol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, PMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vegetable IPM Lab, Dept Entomol, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 54 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 940 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.12.007 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 064DN UT WOS:000239069500007 ER PT J AU Seal, DR Ciomperlik, M Richards, ML Klassen, W AF Seal, D. R. Ciomperlik, M. Richards, M. L. Klassen, W. TI Comparative effectiveness of chemical insecticides against the chilli thrips, Scirothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera : Thripidae), on pepper and their compatibility with natural enemies SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Scirtothrips dorsalis; pepper; insecticides; chlorfenapyr; spinosad; nufilm; natural enemies ID SCIRTOTHRIPS-DORSALIS; PEST AB The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, is a significant pest of various vegetable tropical fruit and ornamental crops. Originally from south Asia, this pest is becoming widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas, and in 2003 was found for the first time in the Western Hemisphere established on St. Lucia and St. Vincent in the insular Caribbean. Since there is a paucity of information on the effectiveness of modern insecticides in managing S. dorsalis populations, we evaluated the efficacy of the following insecticides for their control of this pest on 'Scotch Bonnet' pepper on St. Vincent: spinosad, imidacloprid, chlorfenapyr, novaluron, abamectin, spiromesifen, cyfluthrin, methiocarb, and azadirachtin. Irrespective of the number of applications and use of surfactant, chlorfenapyr was the most effective in reducing the densities of S. dorsalis adults and larvae followed by spinosad and imidacloprid. The performance of other insecticides in controlling S. dorsalis populations was inconsistent. Nevertheless, all of the above insecticides if applied repeatedly were effective in suppressing of S. dorsalis populations. Addition of the surfactant-sticker, Nu-Film 17 (TM), improved the performance of all insecticides somewhat. Spinosad was slightly harmful and chlorfenapyr was moderately harmful to Cryptolaemus sp. predators. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Minist Agr & Fisheries, Kingstown, St Vincent. RP Seal, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Trop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. EM dseal@ifas.ufl.edu RI Kumar, Vivek/B-8500-2011 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.12.008 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 064DN UT WOS:000239069500008 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP AF Jauhar, Prem P. TI Modern biotechnology as an integral supplement to conventional plant breeding: The prospects and challenges SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; ALIEN GENE-TRANSFER; YELLOW STEM BORER; DURUM-WHEAT; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; CYTOGENETIC MANIPULATION; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT AB The art of plant breeding was developed long before the laws of genetics became known. The advent of the principles of genetics at the turn of the last century catalyzed the growth of breeding, making it a science-based technology that has been instrumental in substantial improvements in crop plants. Largely through exploitation of hybrid vigor, grain yields of several cereal crops were substantially increased. Intervarietal and interspecific hybridizations, coupled with appropriate cytogenetic manipulations, proved useful in moving genes for resistance to diseases and insect pests from suitable alien donors into crop cultivars. Plant improvement has been further accelerated by biotechnological tools of gene transfer, to engineer new traits into plants that are very difficult to introduce by traditional breeding. The successful deployment of transgenic approaches to combat insect pests and diseases of important crops like rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a remarkable accomplishment. Biofortification of crops constitutes another exciting development in tackling global hunger and malnutrition. Golden Rice, genetically enriched with vitamin A and iron, has, for example, the real potential of saving millions of lives. Yet another exciting application of transgenic technology is in the production of edible vaccines against deadly diseases. How these novel approaches to gene transfer can effectively supplement the conventional breeding programs is described. The current resistance to acceptance of this novel technology should be assessed and overcome so that its full potential in crop improvement can be realized. C1 USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prcm.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 196 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 9 U2 41 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1841 EP 1859 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0223 PG 19 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800001 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Agrama, HA Lee, FN Yan, W Jia, Y AF Eizenga, G. C. Agrama, H. A. Lee, F. N. Yan, W. Jia, Y. TI Identifying novel resistance genes in newly introduced blast resistant rice germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PI-TA; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; SSR MARKERS; CULTIVARS; REGISTRATION AB Blast, Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch, and sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani Kahn, are major fungal diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the USA. Resistance to U.S. M. oryzae races was observed in 91 newly introduced rice accessions, suggesting these accessions are possible sources of novel blast resistance genes (Pi-genes) that could be incorporated into U.S. rice cultivars. The genes Pi-to and Pi-b have been introduced into U.S. cultivars and characterized molecularly. The objective of this research was to identify new Pi-genes in the aforementioned accessions by differentiating known Pi-genes, determining relatedness of the accessions with SSR markers, and identifying associations of SSR markers with blast resistance and sheath blight resistance. Twenty-seven accessions were identified with resistance to U.S. blast races and as having neither the Pi-to nor Pi-b gene. Based on 125 SSR markers distributed over the rice genome, 11 of the 27 accessions were closely related to each other, but the remaining 16 accessions had varying levels of genotypic diversity, including two accessions selected from crosses of the Asian cultivated species, O. saliva, with the African cultivated species, O. glaberrima. Blast resistance traits were associated with 32 of the 125 SSR markers and sheath blight resistance traits with 19 markers. Of the 32 blast-associated markers, 20 were located in chromosomal regions previously identified as containing Pi-genes. The remaining 12 markers will provide the basis for discovering additional Pi-genes. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM geizenga@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1870 EP 1878 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.0143 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800003 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS Rottinghaus, GE AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. Rottinghaus, G. E. TI Grazing influences on mass, nutritive value, and persistence of stockpiled Jesup tall fescue without and with novel and wild-type fungal endophytes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; QUALITY; WINTER; YIELD; FORAGE; ERGOVALINE; FERTILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; ORCHARDGRASS AB Introducing novel endophytes into tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) that produce no ergot alkaloids could prevent negative impacts on animal performance while improving plant persistence. This 3-yr study evaluated 'Jesup' tall fescue (TF) for forage mass, nutritive value, and stand persistence when containing no endophyte, a novel endophyte (no ergot alkaloids), or a wild-type endophyte (ergot alkaloids). Forage was accumulated from mid-August and treatments consisted of (i) a grazed control (grazed when growth approximated 10 to 15 cm), or forage accumulated and grazed in (ii) mid-November, (iii) mid-December, (iv) mid-January, and (v) mid-February. Endophyte status had no influence on total forage mass; forage removed by grazing; proportion of leaf, stem, and dead fractions; or on nutritive value (except ergovaline which was greatest in the wild type). Delaying defoliation linearly reduced forage mass, ergovaline concentration, and nutritive value. All stands of TF declined with losses similar (P = 0.37) for wild-type and novel stands (29 vs. 42%) but were greatest for the TF without an endophyte (29 vs. 75%; P = 0.01 and 42 vs. 75%; P = 0.04). These data support the use of novel endophytes in TF for animal production and caution against the use of endophyte-free TF because of decreased stand longevity. The presence of ergovaline can be minimized by stockpiling TF with utilization after late autumn but occurs with a sacrifice in forage mass and nutritive value. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1898 EP 1912 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0327 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800006 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, K Palavalli, L Sleper, DA Beuselinck, P AF Bilyeu, Kristin Palavalli, Lavanya Sleper, David A. Beuselinck, Paul TI Molecular genetic resources for development of 1% linolenic acid soybeans SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; DESATURASE; SEED; INHERITANCE; MUTANTS AB Advanced plant breeding will incorporate the most efficient methods available to introgress new traits and develop improved crops. Molecular markers that are specifically targeted to desirable alleles are important molecular genetic resources for selection of traits. Reducing the amount of linolenic acid in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a desired breeding objective so that oxidatively stable soybean oil can be produced without the production of trans fatty acids. The objective of this work was to determine the molecular genetic basis for soybeans containing 1% (10 g kg(-1)) linolenic acid in the seed oil fraction and to develop molecular markers specific for identified alleles. Utilizing the soybean homologs of Arabidopsis FAD3 as candidate genes, mutations were discovered in all three GmFAD3 genes in the soybean line A29. The mutations were associated with the linolenic acid phenotype in segregating populations. Molecular markers specific for the mutant alleles enabled capture of the phenotype. Novel combinations of mutant alleles at the three GmFAD3 loci allowed the development of new germplasm containing 1% linolenic acid in the seed oil along with SNP-based molecular markers that can be used in a backcross breeding strategy. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM BilyeuK@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1913 EP 1918 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0426 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800007 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Coffey, KP Smith, TF Hubbell, DS Scarbrough, DA Humphry, JB McGinley, BC Turner, JE Jennings, JA West, CP Popp, MP Hellwig, DH Kreider, DL Rosenkrans, CF AF Coblentz, W. K. Coffey, K. P. Smith, T. F. Hubbell, D. S., III Scarbrough, D. A. Humphry, J. B. McGinley, B. C. Turner, J. E. Jennings, J. A. West, C. P. Popp, M. P. Hellwig, D. H. Kreider, D. L. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Using orchardgrass and endophyte-free fescue versus endophyte-infected fescue overseeded on bermudagrass for cow herds: I. Four-year summary of forage characteristics SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREE TALL FESCUE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; BEEF-COWS; PERFORMANCE; PASTURES; PERSISTENCE; GROWTH; STEERS AB A systems trial was designed to evaluate forage characteristics within mixed-species pastures consisting of (i) endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; E+) mixed with common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and other forages; (ii) endophyte-free tall fescue (E-) overseeded into dormant common bermudagrass; and (iii) orchardgrass (OG; Dactylis glomerata L.) established under the same conditions as E-. The E- and OG pastures were grazed with either twice weekly (2W) or twice monthly (2M) rotation schedules, but E+ was grazed only as 2M. Across 41 sampling dates (2000 through 2003) the mean forage mass across all forage systems was 3809 kg ha(-1), and there was an interaction of forage system and sampling date (P = 0.001). In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and crude protein (CP) varied (P < 0.0001) with sampling date in seasonal patterns that were generally predictable. Frequencies of tall fescue in E- and E+ pastures increased (P < 0.10) over years, reaching numerical maxima (61 to 72%) at the end of the trial. For OG, frequencies reached numerical maxima of 52 and 42% in 2W and 2M pastures, respectively, but then declined (P < 0.10) over time, ending at 39 and 24%, respectively. At the end of the trial, reinfection of OG pastures by rogue E+ plants reached a numerical maximum frequency of only 10%, and concentrations of total ergot alkaloids in tall fescue plants from E- pastures were only about 25% of those for E+ pastures, thereby suggesting that pasture toxicity can be reduced substantially for at least 5 yr using these alternative forage systems. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Expt Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. Humphry Environm Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72702 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. Arkansas Cooperat Extens Serv, Anim Sci Sect, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Berea Coll, Berea, KY 40404 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Expt Stn, 8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM coblentz@wisc.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1919 EP 1928 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0442 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800008 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Coffey, KP Smith, TF Hubbell, DS Scarbrough, DA Humphry, JB McGinley, BC Turner, JE Jennings, JA West, CP Popp, MP Hellwig, DH Kreider, DL Rosenkrans, CL AF Coblentz, W. K. Coffey, K. P. Smith, T. F. Hubbell, D. S., III Scarbrough, D. A. Humphry, J. B. McGinley, B. C. Turner, J. E. Jennings, J. A. West, C. P. Popp, M. P. Hellwig, D. H. Kreider, D. L. Rosenkrans, C. L., Jr. TI Using orchardgrass and endophyte-free fescue versus endophyte-infected fescue overseeded on bermudagrass for cow herds: II. Four-year summary of cow-calf performance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; FREE TALL FESCUE; BEEF-COWS; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; STEER PERFORMANCE; SERUM PROLACTIN; MILK-PRODUCTION; PASSAGE RATE; PASTURES AB A 4-yr trial was initiated in January 2000 to evaluate cow-calf performance on mixed-species pasture systems consisting of (i) endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+; Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) diluted by approximately 50% with common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and other forages; (ii) endophyte-free tall fescue (E-) overseeded into dormant common bermudagrass; and (iii) orchardgrass (OG; Dactylis glomerata L.) established under the same conditions as E-. The E- and OG pastures were grazed with either twice weekly (2W) or twice monthly (2M) rotation schedules, while pastures with E+ were grazed with 2M only. Actual weaning weights tended to be greater (P = 0.096), and age-adjusted 205-d weaning weights and average daily gain from birth to weaning were greater (P <= 0.035) for calves raised on low-toxicity (E- or OG) pastures compared to those raised on E+. Over 4 yr, calves raised on low-toxicity pastures exhibited 22- and 24-kg advantages in actual and 205-d adjusted weaning weights, respectively, compared to those raised on E+. Cows grazing OG and E- pastures exhibited greater (P <= 0.021) body weights and body condition scores (BCS) at calving than cows grazing E+ pastures. Furthermore, reductions in body weight and BCS between calving and weaning tended to be greater (P <= 0.088) for cows grazing E+ pastures. Calf performance was improved consistently by these low-toxicity pasture systems, but management requirements may limit adaptation by producers. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. Humphry Environm Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72702 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. Anim Sci Sect, Arkansas Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Berea Coll, Berea, KY USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Expt Stn,8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM coblentz@wisc.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1929 EP 1938 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11-0443 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800009 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Robins, JG Waldron, BL Peel, MD AF Jensen, Kevin B. Robins, J. G. Waldron, Blair L. Peel, Michael D. TI Genetic variation in dry matter production and nutritional characteristics of meadow bromegrass under repeated defoliation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES; CELL-WALL CONSTITUENTS; 5 IRRIGATION LEVELS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; REED CANARYGRASS; CRUDE PROTEIN; VARIABILITY; YIELD; DIGESTIBILITY; QUALITY AB Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) has gained interest as a highly productive pasture grass that can be used under management intensive grazing with limited irrigation. In 1999, 28 cloned parents and half-sib families of meadow bromegrass were each planted in a randomized complete block design to evaluate genetic variation of meadow bromegrass for dry matter yield (DMY) (Harvests 1 to 6), forage quality under repeated defoliation (Harvests 1, 3, and 5), and investigate intercharacter correlations. Narrow-sense heritability estimates and their standard errors for DMY at Harvests 2, 3, and 4 were 0.89 +/- 0.32, 0.59 +/- 0.28, and 0.53 +/- 0.29, respectively. However, at Harvest 1 and 5, standard errors of the heritability estimates for DMY were equal to or greater than the estimates. All heritability estimates for crude protein (CP) were at least twice their standard errors at Harvests 1, 3, and 5. High narrow-sense heritabilities at Harvest 5 for acid detergent fiber (ADF) suggest that selection on forage harvested later in the growing season might be more efficient than forage harvested earlier in the season. Combined across years and within harvests, narrow-sense heritability estimates and standard errors for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 0.66 +/- 0.29, 0.47 +/- 0.30, and 0.71 +/- 0.28, respectively. Based on correlations, it seems reasonable to assume that when selecting for increased DMY that ADF and NDF will increase and that CP and IVTD will decrease in this population. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1948 EP 1954 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12-0511 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800011 ER EF