FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Johnson, PG Larson, SR Anderton, AL Patterson, JT Cattani, DJ Nelson, EK AF Johnson, Paul G. Larson, Steve R. Anderton, Amy L. Patterson, Jason T. Cattani, Douglas J. Nelson, Eric K. TI Pollen-mediated gene flow from Kentucky bluegrass under cultivated field conditions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED GRASSES; RESTRICTION SITE DATA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; POA-PRATENSIS; DISPERSAL; RELEASE; APOMIXIS; MODEL AB Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), one of the most commonly grown turfgrasses in temperate regions, is being developed for possible commercial release with transgenic traits. The use of this technology raises risk assessment questions because P. pratensis is perennial, often apomictic, competitive in many habitats, and hybridizes with other Poa. To further understand the potential environmental impact of a transgenic P. pratensis, we measured intra- and interspecific pollen-mediated gene flow in field conditions from P. pratensis to other Poa. We used a wagon-wheel design with a glyphosate (N-phosphono methyl-glycine) resistant P. pratensis as a pollen donor and a pollen receptor plot at 0 m and plots at 13 and 53 m along six equally spaced vectors. Each receptor plot included accessions from 25 Poa species. Seedlings from the receptor plants were screened for resistance to glyphosate and potential hybrids verified by PCR and genomic fingerprinting. Hybrids were found with P. arachnifera Torrey, P. interior Rydb., P. pratensis x P. secunda J. Presl, and three other P, pratensis entries, but did not occur with P. annua L., P. palustris L., P. trivialis L., or P. compressa L., among other species. Overall hybrid frequency was 0.048% and hybrid frequency at the 0-m distance was 0.53%. While apomixis in receptor plants and pollen competition likely reduced the number of hybrids, gene flow did occur but at low frequency and over short distances. C1 Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dep, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Scotts Co, Gervais, OR 97026 USA. Scotts Co, Marysville, OH 43041 USA. RP Johnson, PG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dep, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM paul.johnson@usu.edu RI Cattani, Douglas/F-4594-2011; OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1990 EP 1997 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09.0316 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800016 ER PT J AU Maas, AL Dashiell, KE Melouk, HA AF Maas, Andrea L. Dashiell, Kenton E. Melouk, Hassan A. TI Removal of apical dominant shoot for disease resistance screening increases seed yield of container-grown plants SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PEANUT; REGISTRATION AB Host plant resistance is generally included as a means of mitigating production losses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Testing methods which do not impact yield are of particular value in the development of cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the viable seed yield of container-grown peanut plants and the impact of removing the apical dominant shoot on seed set, for use in disease testing. Two resistant cultivars, Tamspan 90 and Southwest Runner, and two susceptible cultivars, Okrun and Flavor Runner 458, were crossed in a diallel to produce F-1 seed. A total of 191 F-1 plants were evaluated in the greenhouse under two treatments, apical shoot removed or not removed, in 2003 to 2005. The mean seed set of the control group (apical shoot not removed) was 12 seed per plant compared with 15 seed per plant when the apical shoot was removed. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Maas, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM amaas@tifton.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2013 EP 2014 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.10.0349 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800019 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Lamb, JFS AF Jung, H. G. Lamb, J. F. S. TI Stem morphological and cell wall traits associated with divergent in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility in alfalfa clones SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERBAGE LIGNIN CONCENTRATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RUMINAL DEGRADATION; DIETARY FIBER; QUALITY; TISSUES; FORAGE; SELECTION; LUCERNE; DEGRADABILITY AB Poor cell wall digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) stems limits available energy to ruminants. This study compared alfalfa clones identified as either low or high rapid (16 h), or low or high potential (96 h) stem in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for stem detergent fiber, cell wall, and morphology traits. Clones were established in replicated field plots at two sites in Minnesota during 2001 and harvested twice (primary spring growth and first summer regrowth) in the two following years. Presence of flowers, stem length, internode number, mean internode length, and number of elongating internodes was determined on 10 stems from each plot at every harvest. Herbage was dried and the stem fraction was analyzed for 16- and 96-h IVNDFD, detergent fiber components, and cell wall concentration and composition (Mason lignin, individual neutral sugars, and total uronic acids). Stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and cell wall concentration were lower for the high rapid than low rapid IVNDFD clones, but the high and low potential IVNDFD clonal groups did not differ. Lignin and pectin concentrations of the cell wall were lower and higher, respectively, for both high IVNDFD groups than their corresponding low groups. The low rapid and high potential IVNDFD groups had longer stem and internode lengths than their corresponding groups. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@umn.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2054 EP 2061 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0470 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800025 ER PT J AU Oliva, ML Shannon, JG Sleper, DA Ellersieck, MR Cardinal, AJ Paris, RL Lee, JD AF Oliva, M. L. Shannon, J. G. Sleper, D. A. Ellersieck, M. R. Cardinal, A. J. Paris, R. L. Lee, J. D. TI Stability of fatty acid profile in soybean genotypes with modified seed oil composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN AB Genetic effects and temperature during the reproductive period for unsaturated fatty acids in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil affect oil composition. Increasing oleic and reducing linolenic acids are desirable to improve oil for food and other uses. The objective of this study was to access the environmental effect on fatty acids of seed oil for seventeen soybean genotypes with normal and modified fatty acid profiles. Stability coefficients (b values) were calculated from the regression of fatty acid level on average temperature over the final 30 d of the reproductive period across 10 environments. Mid-oleic acid genotypes were generally less stable for oleic acid content than genotypes with reduced oleic acid. Significant differences, however, were found for oleic acid stability among mid-oleic acid genotypes. Midoleic acid lines N98-4445A and N97-3363-4 were the most unstable among the 17 genotypes with stability coefficients of 3.28 and 2.53, respectively. However, the higher oleic acid line M23 was relatively stable in oleic acid with a stability coefficient of 0.13 over environments. IA 3017 at 10 g kg(-1) was the most stable in linolenic acid content across environments while progressively higher linolenic acid genotypes were less stable. Soybean lines similar to M23 and IA 3017 will be essential to develop increased oleic acid and reduced linolenic acid cultivars to ensure consistent production of soybean oil with the desired fatty acid levels. C1 Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Nidera SA, RA-2600 Venado Tuerto, Argentina. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, POB 160, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 8 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2069 EP 2075 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0474 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800027 ER PT J AU Gelin, JR Arelli, PR Rojas-Cifuentes, GA AF Gelin, J. R. Arelli, P. R. Rojas-Cifuentes, G. A. TI Using independent culling to screen plant introductions for combined resistance to soybean cyst nematode and sudden death syndrome SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; DNA MARKERS; LOCI; POPULATIONS; SCHEME; YIELD AB Two infectious diseases that cause most yield losses in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] are soybean cyst nematode (SCN), caused by Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, and sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. sp. glycines (Fsg). Because SCN and SDS have a synergistic effect on yield when they occur jointly in the field, breeders are attempting to develop varieties with dual resistance to these two diseases. Using independent culling as a selection strategy, we screened a set of 31 new soybean plant introductions (PI) that were field evaluated in 1995 at two locations in Southern Illinois. We identified 11 elite PIs that were resistant to SCN race 3, had yellow seed coat, a relatively good field response to SDS, and a moderate seed yield. These superior genotypes can be used as potential parents in soybean breeding programs. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Gelin, JR (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Jean.Gelin@ndsu.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2081 EP 2083 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0505 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800029 ER PT J AU Zhang, DP Mischke, S Goenaga, R Hemeida, AA Saunders, JA AF Zhang, Dapeng Mischke, Sue Goenaga, Ricardo Hemeida, Alaa A. Saunders, James A. TI Accuracy and reliability of high-throughput microsatellite genotyping for cacao clone identification SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THEOBROMA-CACAO; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; DNA ISOLATION; ERRORS; MARKERS; GERMPLASM; L. AB Microsatellite-based DNA fingerprinting has been increasingly applied to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotype identification. However, the accuracy and reliability of using high throughput microsatellite analysis for cacao clone identification have not yet been rigorously assessed. Despite the use of highly robust fingerprinting protocols, cacao genotype identification has been affected by genotyping errors, which potentially mislead the result of clone identification. In this paper, we calculated the probability of identity for 15 selected microsatellite loci. We then quantified the genotyping error rate through repeated genotyping and simulated the impact of the genotyping error on cacao clone identification. Allelic dropout (ADO), or failure to amplify one allele for a heterozygous locus, and false allele (FA), or an amplicon size error by the polymerase, accounted for 48 and 52% of the genotyping inconsistencies, respectively. The result of simulation showed that 99% of the consensus genotype can be generated for the ambiguous loci through a minimum of three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) repetitions. On the basis of the error rate and probability of identity (PID), we designed a genotyping scheme and applied it to the cacao germplasm held in the USDA cacao collection at Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Out of the 141 samples, we unambiguously identified nine duplicated groups consisting of 34 cacao accessions. This genotyping scheme is being implemented in large scale fingerprinting of cacao germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Menoufia Univ, GEBRI, Sadat City, Egypt. Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Zhang, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, PSI, SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 50 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ZhangD@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2084 EP 2092 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0004 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800030 ER PT J AU Longenberger, PS Smith, CW Thaxton, PS McMichael, BL AF Longenberger, P. S. Smith, C. W. Thaxton, P. S. McMichael, B. L. TI Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in cotton seedlings SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ERAGROSTIS-CURVULA NEES; DROUTH TOLERANCE; PLANT CHARACTERISTICS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; BOER LOVEGRASS; UPLAND COTTON; WATER USE; RESISTANCE; YIELD; REGISTRATION AB The key to an efficient screening method is the ability to screen large amounts of plant material in the shortest time possible. Due to the complexity of drought tolerance, a quick and effective screen for this trait has yet to be established. The research reported herein was designed to evaluate a screening method for drought tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. Twenty-one converted race stocks (CRS) and two cultivars were evaluated for seedling drought tolerance (SDT) on an individual plant basis. Genotypes were evaluated October-November 2004 and February-March 2005 under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were subjected to three sequential cycles of drought at 15 d after planting (DAP). Drought cycles consisted of withholding water until the moisture content of indicator 'Deltapine 491' (DP 491) plants had an average volumetric water content of 0.07. Plants then were watered to saturation and allowed to drain to field capacity and percent survival recorded after 48 h. Genotypes differed in their percent survival following three consecutive drought cycles. Drought cycles 2 and 3 did not contribute to the separation of genotypes. DP 491 was the most tolerant genotype evaluated. The drought tolerance of the CRS was similar to that of 'Acala 1517-99'. CRS M-9044-0165 was the most stable genotype, according to an analysis of the difference in percentage of survival for each genotype across the two experiments. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Longenberger, PS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM PSL6682@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2104 EP 2110 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0026 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800032 ER PT J AU Munoz-Perea, CG Teran, H Allen, RG Wright, JL Westermann, DT Singh, SP AF Munoz-Perea, Carlos German Teran, Henry Allen, Richard G. Wright, James L. Westermann, Dale T. Singh, Shree P. TI Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; WATER-STRESS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; SOIL; FABACEAE; DEFICIT; TRAITS; YIELD AB Drought is a worldwide constraint to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. The objective of this research was to determine the response of three dry bean landraces and 13 cultivars evaluated under non-stressed (NS) and intermittent drought-stressed (DS) environments at Kimberly, Idaho in 2003 and 2004. The NS received seven irrigations in 2003 and five in 2004, and DS only four in 2003 and two in 2004. Most water use occurred within the top 0.5 m soil in both the NS and DS. Drought reduced biomass and seed yield, harvest index, and seed weight. Maturity was delayed in severe drought, but was similar or shortened by 1 to 6 d under moderate drought. Mean seed yield was reduced by 62% in 2003 and by 27% in 2004. Common Red Mexican and CO 46348 had high seed yield in both NS and DS environments, whereas 'Matterhorn' and 'Othello' yielded comparatively high under DS but moderately in NS environment. Drought resistance was inadvertently reduced from Common Red Mexican landrace to intermediate levels in 'NW-63' and 'UI 239' released in 1979 and 1993, respectively, and more recently released 'LeBaron' (1999) and 'UI259' (1996) were susceptible. Conversely, drought resistance was increased in newer pinto (Othello 1986; CO 46348) and great northern (Matterhorn 1998) releases compared to the landraces and older cultivars tested for those market classes. Seed yield in NS and DS was positively correlated. Seed yield was also correlated with harvest index in DS and NS. All early maturing cultivars except Othello (e.g., UI 59, US 1140, Common Pinto, Topaz, UI 320, and LeBaron) were susceptible. Common Red Mexican did not have any reduction in seed weight due to drought stress. Drought resistant genotypes should be used for determining irrigation frequency, amount of water to be applied, and mechanisms of resistance and for identifying, mapping, and pyramiding favorable genes for dryland and irrigation-assisted sustainable production systems. C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Singh, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu NR 52 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2111 EP 2120 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0029 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800033 ER PT J AU Gardner, HD Williams, WP Windham, GL AF Gardner, Hilarie D. Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. TI Effects of xenia on Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation in maize inbreds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPES RESISTANT; KERNEL DEVELOPMENT; NORMAL ENDOSPERM; PLANTING DATE; HARVEST DATE; CORN; CONTAMINATION; FIELD; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB Aspergillus flavus Link:Fries infection and aflatoxin contamination pose an economic threat to maize (Zea mays L.) producers of the United States. Efforts to identify germplasm resistant to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation have raised questions regarding the role of xenia, the pollen effect on the embryo and endosperm, in resistance of maize grain to the pathogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of xenia on A. flavus infection and aflatoxin accumulation in seed of eight inbred lines with different levels of resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. Resistant and susceptible maize lines were hand-pollinated following a diallel mating design to produce seed for trials. The ears were inoculated 14 d after pollination with A. flavus spores. Grain was plated on agar to determine the extent of A. flavus infection and analyzed to measure aflatoxin content. Significant differences were detected among seed parents for both aflatoxin accumulation and A. flavus infection in both 2003 and 2004. The effects of pollen source were not significant on aflatoxin contamination or A. flavus infection in either 2003 or 2004. These results are consistent with xenia having little or no effect on A. flavus infection or aflatoxin accumulation. The results further suggest that reliable evaluation of A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination can be gained from open-pollinated field experiments. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gardner, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hgardner@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2151 EP 2154 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0071 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800038 ER PT J AU Felker, P Paterson, A Jenderek, MM AF Felker, Peter Paterson, Andrew Jenderek, Maria M. TI Forage potential of Opuntia clones maintained by the USDA, national plant germplasm system (NPGS) collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CACTUS PEAR OPUNTIA; CLADODE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT CACTACEAE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TRANS-PECOS TEXAS; FICUS-INDICA; SOUTH TEXAS; FRUIT YIELD; COLD-HARDINESS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Short term gas exchange measurements and long term field trials have confirmed the several fold greater water to dry matter conversion efficiency of cactus than C3 and C4 plants. The protein and dry matter digestibility of Opuntia typically are in the 60 to 70% range and are on par with other high quality forages. While the protein content is low (ca. 6%), as is usually observed in unfertilized rangeland, fertilization can increase the protein to 10 to 15%. The high mineral content (4.2% Ca and 2.3% K) would appear to be beneficial to lactating animals. The high water content, maintained in drought periods, is useful in meeting animal water requirements. In both Mexico and the USA spiny varieties have been utilized by burning off spines in the field with propane torches, or by use of stationary forage choppers at the dairy/feedlot. Spineless varieties require intensive fencing for protection against wildlife and uncontrolled livestock. Spineless varieties generally have less tolerance to freezing weather than spiny varieties. It has been estimated that about 400000 ha of spineless varieties have been planted in Brazil, from 700000 to 1000000 ha in northern Africa and that cactus was an important forage component on 3 million ha of grazing lands in northern Mexico. The majority of the spiny and spineless types used worldwide for forage are preserved in the USDA NPGS germplasm collection. This paper reviews the environmental adaptability and most important nutritional characteristics of major forage clones. Spineless clones are described that are adaptable to USDA cold hardiness zones 7, 8, and 9. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93640 USA. DArrigo Bros, Salinas, CA USA. Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jenderek, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arid Land Plant Genet Resource Unit, Parlier, CA 93640 USA. EM mjenderek@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2161 EP 2168 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0081 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800040 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH AF Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. TI The scientific name of narrow-leaf trefoil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The narrow-leaf trefoil is a widely used forage plant in temperate and subtemperate areas. It is the object of extensive improvement programs and research, which has generated a large body of literature. A few decades ago it was discovered that its traditional scientific name, Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., had to be superseded by an older name, L. glaber Mill. It was then proposed to permanently reject the name L. glaber, thus allowing L. tenuis to continue in use for the narrow-leaf trefoil. The rejection proposal for the name L. glaber was finally accepted by the 17th International Botanical Congress (IBC) in July 2005, so L. tenuis is now the scientific name for the narrow-leaf trefoil. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joe@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2169 EP 2170 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0084 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800041 ER PT J AU Nelson, CJ Burns, JC AF Nelson, C. Jerry Burns, J. C. TI Fifty years of grassland science leading to change SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID GRAZING-TOLERANT ALFALFA; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; STRESS TOLERANCE; TURF GRASSES; FORAGE; DIGESTIBILITY; NITROGEN; DIGESTION; QUALITY AB Division C-6 was established in 2000, but members associated with forages and grazinglands have been active in the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA) since its inception; 21 have served as President and many authored textbooks and comprehensive reference works. Complex forage and pasture mixtures were common in 1955, but shifted to monocultures in the 1960s and 1970s. Mixtures returned in the 1980s as N prices increased, broader values of legumes became known, nutritive value was better understood, and environmental issues increased. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for dairy production had strong leadership from the private sector in seed production and breeding. Tall fescue (Festuca arandinacea Schreb.) was well-adapted, conserved soil, and extended grazing in the transition zone to increase beef cow-calf production. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] benefited from vegetative propagation, conserved soil, and was improved for adaptation, yield, and nutritive value. Yield advancements, except for a few species, have been discouraging. Management benefited from advances in disease resistance, methods for assessing nutritive value, and understanding the role of endophytic fungi. Modest increases in nutritive value, coupled with improved pasture management, have increased animal performance. Emerging interests include biomass, carbon sequestration, and roles of biodiversity. Molecular techniques offer potential to better understand the plants and make genetic progress. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM nelsoncj@missouri.edu NR 136 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2204 EP 2217 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0278gas PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800047 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Russell, WK Graef, GL Campbell, BT AF Baenziger, P. S. Russell, W. K. Graef, G. L. Campbell, B. T. TI Improving lives: 50 years of crop breeding, genetics, and cytology (C-1) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; RED WINTER-WHEAT; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; RECURRENT SELECTION PROGRAMS; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; ELITE SINGLE CROSS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; IDENTIFYING LINES AB During the past 50 yr, we have witnessed a revolution in the science of plant breeding, genetics, and cytology, and its impact on human lives (e.g., the Green Revolution). Because of increased productivity, breeding objectives evolved from predominantly improving yield to include greater quality and value-added traits. The discovery of the chemical nature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), coupled with Mendelian genetics led to the refinement of quantitative genetics, the robust use of molecular markers, and transgenic crop plants. Cytogenetics elucidated the physical structure of chromosomes, aided trait and molecular mapping, and greatly enhanced the exploitation of genetic variation from wild relatives, as have transgenes and mutations. The fundamental process of selection has been improved by a better understanding of gene action, when to select, and better methods to select plants and analyze their relationship to the environments in which they grow. Single-seed descent plant breeding methods were popularized and evolved to doubled haploid breeding. Plant breeding, genetics, and cytology remain impact sciences that will continue to improve lives as part of the Evergreen Revolution. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pbaenziger1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 163 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2244 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0404gas PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800049 ER PT J AU Van Sanford, DA Connelley, J Swanson, CS Kennedy, B Tutt, CR Tomes, LJ Hershman, DE Gaines, C Jin, Y Bockelman, HE Long, DL Cambron, SE AF Van Sanford, D. A. Connelley, J. Swanson, C. S. Kennedy, B. Tutt, C. R. Tomes, L. J. Hershman, D. E. Gaines, C. Jin, Y. Bockelman, H. E. Long, D. L. Cambron, S. E. TI Registration of 'Allegiance' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Minnesota, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Van Sanford, DA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dvs@uky.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2305 EP 2306 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0413 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800057 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Rice, PW Mozingo, RW Copeland, SC Graeber, JB Pattee, HE Sanders, TH Mozingo, RW Coker, DL AF Isleib, T. G. Rice, P. W. Mozingo, R. W., II Copeland, S. C. Graeber, J. B. Pattee, H. E. Sanders, T. H. Mozingo, R. W. Coker, D. L. TI Registration of 'Phillips' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tidewater Agric Res Ext Ctr, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. RP Isleib, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_isleib@ncsu.edu NR 9 TC 12 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2308 EP 2309 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0491 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800060 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Rice, PW Mozingo, RW Copeland, SC Graeber, JB Novitzky, WP Pattee, HE Sanders, TH Mozingo, RW Coker, DL AF Isleib, T. G. Rice, P. W. Mozingo, R. W., II Copeland, S. C. Graeber, J. B. Novitzky, W. P. Pattee, H. E. Sanders, T. H. Mozingo, R. W. Coker, D. L. TI Registration of 'Brantley' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Sobean & Biol Nitrogen Fixat Grp, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tidewater Agric Res Ext Ctr, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. RP Isleib, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_isleib@ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2309 EP 2311 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0492 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800061 ER PT J AU Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Olson, T Miller, JD Mergoum, M AF Frohberg, R. C. Stack, R. W. Olson, T. Miller, J. D. Mergoum, M. TI Registration of 'Alsen' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 NR 5 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2311 EP 2312 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0501 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800062 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Klopfenstein, TJ Anderson, BE AF Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. Klopfenstein, T. J. Anderson, B. E. TI Registration of 'Bonanza' big bluestem SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2313 EP 2314 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0068 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800064 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Klopfenstein, TJ Anderson, BE AF Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. Klopfenstein, T. J. Anderson, B. E. TI Registration of 'Goldmine' big bluestem SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2314 EP 2315 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0070 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800065 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, K Lee, FN Bernhardt, JL Meullenet, JF Bryant, R Norman, RJ Cartwright, R Anders, M Taylor, K Bulloch, J Blocker, MM AF Gibbons, J. W. Moldenhauer, K. A. K. Gravois, K. Lee, F. N. Bernhardt, J. L. Meullenet, J. -F. Bryant, R. Norman, R. J. Cartwright, R. Anders, M. Taylor, K. Bulloch, J. Blocker, M. M. TI Registration of 'Medark' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2900 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jgibbon@uark.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2316 EP 2317 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0170 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800067 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW Moldenhauer, KAK Gravois, K Lee, FN Bernhardt, JL Meullenet, JF Bryant, R Anders, M Norman, RJ Cartwright, R Taylor, K Bulloch, J Blocker, MM AF Gibbons, J. W. Moldenhauer, K. A. K. Gravois, K. Lee, F. N. Bernhardt, J. L. Meullenet, J. -F. Bryant, R. Anders, M. Norman, R. J. Cartwright, R. Taylor, K. Bulloch, J. Blocker, M. M. TI Registration of 'Cybonnet' rice SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2900 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jgibbon@uark.edu NR 3 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2317 EP 2318 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.03.0173 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800068 ER PT J AU Carver, BF Hunger, RM Klatt, AR Edwards, JT Worrall, WD Porter, DR Rayas-Duarte, E Seabourn, BW Bai, GH Dowell, FE Martin, BC AF Carver, B. F. Hunger, R. M. Klatt, A. R. Edwards, J. T. Worrall, W. D. Porter, D. R. Rayas-Duarte, E. Seabourn, B. W. Bai, G-H. Dowell, F. E. Martin, B. C. TI Registration of 'OK Bullet' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. AgriPro Wheat, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bfc@okstate.edu NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2322 EP 2324 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0268 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800073 ER PT J AU Paris, RL Mengistu, A Tyler, JM Smith, JR AF Paris, R. L. Mengistu, A. Tyler, J. M. Smith, J. R. TI Registration of soybean germplasm line DT97-4290 with moderate resistance to charcoal rot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Delta & Pine Land Co, Scott, MS 38722 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Amer Chestnut Fdn, Meadowview, VA 24361 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rsmith@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2324 EP 2325 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09.0297 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800074 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Kilen, TC Donald, PA AF Mengistu, A. Kilen, T. C. Donald, P. A. TI Registration of D99-2065 soybean germplasm resistant to Phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINE RESISTANT; INHERITANCE; SOJAE RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM amengistu@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2325 EP 2326 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.09.0315 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800075 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Rice, PW Mozingo, RW Copeland, SC Graeber, JB Shew, BB Smith, DL Melouk, HA Stalker, HT AF Isleib, T. G. Rice, P. W. Mozingo, R. W., II Copeland, S. C. Graeber, J. B. Shew, B. B. Smith, D. L. Melouk, H. A. Stalker, H. T. TI Registration of N96076L peanut germplasm line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Nobel Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Isleib, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tom_isleib@ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2329 EP 2330 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.12.0479 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800078 ER PT J AU Durling, JC Leif, JW Burgdorf, DW AF Durling, J. C. Leif, J. W. Burgdorf, D. W. TI Registration of Icy Blue Canada wildrye germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Rose Lake Plant Mat Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Durling, JC (reprint author), USDA, Rose Lake Plant Mat Ctr, 7472 Stoll Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM john.durling@mi.usda.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2330 EP 2331 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0048 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800079 ER PT J AU Mcgrath, JM AF Mcgrath, J. M. TI Registration of EL53 sugarbeet germplasm with smooth-root and moderate resistance to Rhizoctonia crown and root rot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mcgrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 494 PSSB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mitchrncg@msu.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2334 EP 2335 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0219 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800083 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Thompson, AE Ray, DT Coffelt, TA AF Dierig, D. A. Thompson, A. E. Ray, D. T. Coffelt, T. A. TI Registration of three day-neutral Vernonia germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM ddierig@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2335 EP 2336 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0222 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800084 ER PT J AU Ulloa, M Percy, RG Hutmacher, R Cantrell, RG AF Ulloa, M. Percy, R. G. Hutmacher, R. Cantrell, R. G. TI Registration of SJ-U86 cotton germplasm line with high yield and excellent fiber quality SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, WICS Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Calif Shafter, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, WICS Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2336 EP 2338 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0235 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800085 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Smith, JR Singh, SP AF Miklas, P. N. Smith, J. R. Singh, S. P. TI Registration of common bacterial blight resistant white kidney bean germplasm line USWK-CBB-17 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2338 EP 2339 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0246 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800086 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Grafton, KE Hauf, D Kelly, JD AF Miklas, P. N. Grafton, K. E. Hauf, D. Kelly, J. D. TI Registration of partial white Mold resistant pinto bean germplasm line USPT-WM-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2339 EP 2339 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.04.0248 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800087 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN Bryant, RJ Moldenhauer, KAK AF Rutger, J. N. Bryant, R. J. Moldenhauer, K. A. K. TI Registration of induced semidwarf rice mutant DR1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM jnrutger@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 5 BP 2340 EP 2340 DI 10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0324CRG PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088OU UT WOS:000240821800088 ER PT J AU Cherif, M Chilvers, MI Akamatsu, H Peever, TL Kaiser, WJ AF Cherif, Mohamed Chilvers, Martin I. Akamatsu, Hajime Peever, Tobin L. Kaiser, Walter J. TI Cloning of the mating type locus from Ascochyta lentis (teleomorph : Didymella lentis) and development of a multiplex PCR mating assay for Ascochyta species SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta lentis; high mobility group; HMG box; inverse PCR; thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)-PCR; multiplex PCR ID MULTILOCUS POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; CORDYCEPS-TAKAOMONTANA; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; FUNGAL POPULATIONS; RABIEI TELEOMORPH; TAPESIA-YALLUNDAE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CHICKPEA DEBRIS; GENES AB The mating type (MAT) locus of the lentil pathogen, Ascochyta lentis, was cloned and characterized using thermal asymmetric interlaced and inverse PCR with primers designed to the HMG-box of Ascochyta rabiei. A multiplex PCR assay for mating type was developed based on MAT idiomorph and flanking sequences. Primers were designed to specifically amplify MAT from several Ascochyta spp. including A. pisi, A. fabae and A. viciae-villosae in addition to A. lentis. Four hundred and fifty and 700 bp fragments were amplified from MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 isolates, respectively, and fragment size correlated perfectly with laboratory crosses using mating type tester strains. MAT-specific PCR allowed rapid scoring of mating type in crude DNA extracts from geographically diverse population samples of A. viciae-villosae from California and Washington State, USA. This co-dominant MAT-specific PCR assay will be a valuable tool for studying the population structure, biology and epidemiology of these fungi. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Inst Natl Agron Tunisie, Phytopathol Lab, Tunis, Tunisia. RP Peever, TL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tpeever@wsu.edu RI Chilvers, Martin/A-3548-2010 OI Chilvers, Martin/0000-0001-8832-1666 NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s00294-006-0085-y PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 074LK UT WOS:000239813500006 PM 16847660 ER PT J AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, William J. TI Removing selenate from groundwater with a vegetable oil-based biobarriers SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELENIUM; NITRATE; REDUCTION; BARRIERS; TELLURITE; NITRITE; SYSTEM; RATES; WATER AB Vegetable oil-based permeable reactive biobarriers (PRBs) were evaluated as a method for remediating groundwater containing unacceptable amounts of selenate. PRBs formed by packing laboratory columns with sand coated with soybean oil were used. In an initial 24-week study a simulated groundwater containing 10 mg L(-1)supercript stop selenate-Se was supplied to three soil columns and the selenate and selenite content of the effluent waters monitored. Two of the soil columns were effective at removing selenate and, during the final 21 weeks of the study, effluents from these columns contained almost no selenate or selenite. Almost all (95%) of the selenate removed was recovered as immobilized selenium sequestered in the solid matrix of the column. For unknown reasons, the third column failed to reduce selenate. A second study looked at the ability of PRBs to remove selenate when nitrate was present. As was done in the first study, three columns were evaluated but this time the water supplied to the columns contained 20 mg L-1 supercript stopnitrate-N and 10 mg L-1 selenate-Se. Nitrate quickly disappeared from the effluents of these columns and during the final 23 weeks of the study, the nitrate content of the effluent water averaged less than 0.03 mu g ml(-1) nitrate-N. Selenate was also removed by these columns but at a slower rate than observed with nitrate. In the final 6 weeks of the study, about 95% of the selenate applied to the columns was removed. In situ PRBs containing soybean oil might be used to remediate groundwater contaminated with both selenate and nitrate. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM William.Hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00284-006-0119-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 075ML UT WOS:000239889000014 PM 16855809 ER PT J AU Orr, R Tsang, T Lam, P Comino, E Singh, MF AF Orr, Rhonda Tsang, Tracey Lam, Paul Comino, Elizabeth Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI Mobility impairment in type 2 diabetes - Association with muscle power and effect of Tai Chi intervention SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID LOWER-EXTREMITY DISABILITY; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; OLDER-ADULTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; BALANCE CONTROL; WOMENS HEALTH; STRENGTH; INDIVIDUALS; FITNESS C1 Univ Sydney, Exercise & Sport Sci Dept, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Dept Family Med, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Hlth Equity Training Res & Evaluat Dept, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Res & Evaluat Dept, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Orr, R (reprint author), POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM r.orr@fhs.usyd.edu.au RI Orr, Rhonda/C-1817-2008; Tsang, Tracey/J-4399-2012 OI Tsang, Tracey/0000-0002-3753-5506 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2120 EP 2122 DI 10.2337/dc06-1130 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 083LG UT WOS:000240456800022 PM 16936164 ER PT J AU Borchert, M AF Borchert, Mark TI Seed fate of Marah macrocarpus (Cucurbitaceae) following fire: do seedlings recruit from rodent burrows? SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marah macrocarpus; geophyte; fire; seed burial; seed caching ID PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; CAPE PROTEACEAE; DISPERSAL; PREDATION; CALIFORNIA; ESTABLISHMENT; MAMMALS; FOREST; GERMINATION AB For numerous species in fire-prone ecosystems, the passage of fire triggers the release of large quantities of seeds within 2 years of the fire. This special case of masting has been described for species in an array of floras, but few studies have followed the fates of seeds liberated into the postfire environment. In this study, I followed the fates of 990, magnet-bearing Marah macrocarpus seeds sown at three seed densities in a large, high-intensity burn area. Seeds disappeared over 6.6 months and removal at all three densities became negatively density-dependent in late summer until all seeds disappeared in mid winter. I recovered only 5% of the magnets, mostly from rodent tunnels. Based on the recovery of magnets, I estimate rodents moved similar to 91% of the seeds belowground. Seed burial trials showed that seedlings established from seeds buried up to 16 cm whereas seeds sown on the surface did not germinate. Seedlings also readily established from burial in soils with 50% rock fragments as well as from artificial tunnels in both pot and field experiments. Excavation of 50 natural seedlings suggested up to 20% established in rodent burrows. Findings of this study suggest that ecologists may have underestimated the role of burrows as locations for recruitment of large-seeded species. C1 US Forest Serv, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. RP Borchert, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ojai Ranger Dist, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. EM mborchert@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s11284-006-0171-0 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080XX UT WOS:000240282900004 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC Paruelo, JM AF Bradford, John B. Lauenroth, William K. Burke, Ingrid C. Paruelo, Jose M. TI The influence of climate, soils, weather, and land use on primary production and biomass seasonality in the US Great Plains SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE primary production; carbon; land use; agriculture; climate; weather; soil; seasonality; cropping; grassland; US Great Plains ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PRECIPITATION-USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WATER-STRESS; ROOT-GROWTH; VICIA-FABA; SHOOT; NITROGEN; YIELD AB Identifying the conditions and mechanisms that control ecosystem processes, such as net primary production, is a central goal of ecosystem ecology. Ideas have ranged from single limiting-resource theories to colimitation by nutrients and climate, to simulation models with edaphic, climatic, and competitive controls. Although some investigators have begun to consider the influence of land-use practices, especially cropping, few studies have quantified the impact of cropping at large scales relative to other known controls over ecosystem processes. We used a 9-year record of productivity, biomass seasonality, climate, weather, soil conditions, and cropping in the US Great Plains to quantify the controls over spatial and temporal patterns of net primary production and to estimate sensitivity to specific driving variables. We considered climate, soil conditions, and long-term average cropping as controls over spatial patterns, while weather and interannual cropping variations were used as controls over temporal variability. We found that variation in primary production is primarily spatial, whereas variation in seasonality is more evenly split between spatial and temporal components. Our statistical (multiple linear regression) models explained more of the variation in the amount of primary production than in its seasonality, and more of the spatial than the temporal patterns. Our results indicate that although climate is the most important variable for explaining spatial patterns, cropping explains a substantial amount of the residual variability. Soil texture and depth contributed very little to our models of spatial variability. Weather and cropping deviation both made modest contributions to the models of temporal variability. These results suggest that the controls over seasonality and temporal variation are not well understood. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that production is more sensitive to climate than to weather and that it is very sensitive to cropping intensity. In addition to identifying potential gaps in out knowledge, these results provide insight into the probable long- and short-term ecosystem response to changes in climate, weather, and cropping. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Inst Invest Fisiol & Ecol Vinculadas Agr, CONICET, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Recursos Nat & Ambiente, CONICET, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 934 EP 950 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0164-1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097MY UT WOS:000241453300006 ER PT J AU Hughes, RF Uowolo, A AF Hughes, R. Flint Uowolo, Amanda TI Impacts of Falcataria moluccana invasion on decomposition in Hawaiian lowland wet forests: The importance of stand-level controls SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Metrosideros polymorpha; nitrogen; phosphorus; albizia; primary succession; mass loss; invasive species; ecosystem processes; nutrient availability; lava flows ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; VOLCANOS-NATIONAL-PARK; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MONTANE FOREST; MYRICA-FAYA; SOIL AB Invasive species have the capacity to substantially alter soil processes, including rates of litter decomposition. Currently, the few remaining native-dominated lowland wet forests in Hawai'i are being invaded by Falcataria moluccana, a large, fast-growing, N-2-fixing tree. In this study, we sought to determine the extent to which Falcataria invasion alters decomposition in these lowland wet forests, and whether changes resulted from differences in litter substrate type, lava flow age and type, forest stand type and associated soil biota, or some combination of these factors. We measured decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics of Metrosideros polymorpha and Falcataria leaf litter in native-dominated and Falcataria-invaded stands on 48- and 300-year-old a'a lava flows and a 213-year-old pahoehoe flow in the Puna district of eastern Hawai'i. Despite significant differences in the initial quality of Metrosideros and Falcataria litter, in nearly all cases mass remaining of the two litter types did not differ within a given forest stand, whether native-dominated or invaded. Instead, stand type accounted for large differences in the decomposition of both litter types, and litter decomposed two to 10 times faster in Falcataria-invaded stands than it did in their native-dominated counterparts on each lava flow. Dynamics of N (that is, immobilization or release) during decomposition were affected by stand, litter, and lava flow type; P dynamics were affected by stand and flow type, but not litter type. Although not definitive proof of causality, the decay rates of both species were positively correlated to previously measured inputs of N mass and P mass via litterfall as well as availability of soil N and P, characteristics that all increased substantially with Falcataria invasion. Given the degree of change to a host of ecosystem processes, including decomposition, after invasion by Falcataria, these transformed forest ecosystems may best be viewed as fundamentally new and different, in both structure and function, from the native ecosystems they have replaced. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hughes, RF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, POB 4370, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM fhughes@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 977 EP 991 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0083-9 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097MY UT WOS:000241453300009 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Hoover, K Felton, GW AF Boughton, Anthony J. Hoover, Kelli Felton, Gary W. TI Impact of chemical elicitor applications on greenhouse tomato plants and population growth of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE induced defenses; benzothiadiazole; methyl jasmonate; harpin; ethephon; protease inhibitors; polyphenol oxidases; peroxidases Homoptera; Aphididae ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; JASMONIC ACID; METHYL JASMONATE; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SIGNAL INTERACTIONS; SALICYLIC-ACID; MACROSIPHUM-EUPHORBIA AB Recent advances in the understanding of plant signaling pathways have opened the way for using elicitor-induced plant resistance as a tactic for protecting plants against arthropod pests. Four common elicitors of induced responses in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), were evaluated with regard to phytotoxicity, induction of plant defensive proteins, and effects on population growth and fecundity of a common pest, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Ethephon and methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments caused varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Ethephon caused pronounced changes in plant growth form and severe, dose-dependent negative impacts on plant growth and flowering. Effects with MJ were milder, but still caused temporary inhibition of development, leading to smaller plants and delayed flowering. The commercial elicitors benzothiadiazole (BTH) and harpin did not cause detectable phytotoxicity. The highest doses of ethephon and MJ significantly increased leaf peroxidase (POD) levels but only MJ treatments significantly increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) levels. BTH and harpin had no detectable effects on POD and PPO. Populations of green peach aphids grew significantly more slowly on plants treated with BTH or MJ than on control plants or plants treated with harpin or ethephon. Slowed aphid population growth on BTH-treated plants was due to significant reductions in aphid fecundity, although this was independent of changes in time to onset of reproduction or time to death. Aphid fecundity was also reduced on MJ-treated plants relative to controls, but this difference was not statistically significant, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in slowing aphid population growth on MJ-treated plants. Growth of aphid populations on plants treated with a MJ-BTH mixture was reduced almost as much as with treatments of MJ alone, suggesting that antagonism between JA-dependant and SA-dependent plant signaling pathways is only mild with regard to induced defenses against aphids. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Felton, GW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gwf10@psu.edu RI Li, Shiguang/G-7471-2012; Felton, Gary/E-8575-2013 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00443.x PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 072SK UT WOS:000239693100002 ER PT J AU Kramer, DB Polasky, S Starfield, A Palik, B Westphal, L Snyder, S Jakes, P Hudson, R Gustafson, E AF Kramer, Daniel Boyd Polasky, Stephen Starfield, Anthony Palik, Brian Westphal, Lynne Snyder, Stephanie Jakes, Pamela Hudson, Rachel Gustafson, Eric TI A comparison of alternative strategies for cost-effective water quality management in lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; cost effectiveness; septic systems; riparian buffers ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; RIPARIAN FOREST; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; PHOSPHORUS; MODEL; ECOSYSTEM; BUFFER; FLOW AB Roughly 45% of the assessed lakes in the United States are impaired for one or more reasons. Eutrophication due to excess phosphorus loading is common in many impaired lakes. Various strategies are available to lake residents for addressing declining lake water quality, including septic system upgrades and establishing riparian buffers. This study examines 25 lakes to determine whether septic upgrades or riparian buffers are a more cost-effective strategy to meet a phosphorus reduction target. We find that riparian buffers are the more cost-effective strategy in every case but one. Large transaction costs associated with the negotiation and monitoring of riparian buffers, however, may be prohibiting lake residents from implementing the most cost-effective strategy. C1 Michigan State Univ, James Madison Coll, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Kramer, DB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, James Madison Coll, Case Hall, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. EM dbk@msu.edu NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00267-005-0011-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 072EW UT WOS:000239657000007 PM 16799845 ER PT J AU Ge, SK Everitt, J Carruthers, R Gong, P Anderson, G AF Ge, Shaokui Everitt, James Carruthers, Raymond Gong, Peng Anderson, Gerald TI Hyperspectral characteristics of canopy components and structure for phenological assessment of an invasive weed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; Centaurea solstitialis; spectral characteristics; flowering phenological stages; hyperspectral remote sensing ID STARTHISTLE CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS AB Spectral reflectance values of four canopy components (stems, buds, opening flowers, and postflowers of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)) were measured to describe their spectral characteristics. We then physically combined these canopy components to simulate the flowering stage indicated by accumulated flower ratios (AFR) 10%, 40%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Spectral dissimilarity and spectral angles were calculated to quantitatively identify spectral differences among canopy components and characteristic patterns of these flowering stages. This study demonstrated the ability of hyperspectral data to characterize canopy components, and identify different flowering stages. Stems had a typical spectral profile of green vegetation, which produced a spectral dissimilarity with three reproduction organs (buds, opening flowers, and postflowers). Quantitative differences between simulated flower stages depended on spectral regions and phenological stages examined. Using full-range canopy spectra, the initial flowering stage could be separated from the early peak, peak, and late flowering stages by three spectral regions, i.e. the blue absorption (around 480 nm) and red absorption (around 650 nm) regions and NIR plateau from 730 nm to 950 nm. For airborne CASI data, only the red absorption region and NIR plateau could be used to identify the flowering stages in the field. This study also revealed that the peak flowering stage was more easily recognized than any of the other three stages. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invans Weeds Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Assessment & Monitoring Forest & Environm Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Carruthers, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invans Weeds Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ric@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9052-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075MZ UT WOS:000239890400007 PM 16773230 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MK Huwe, J Deyrup, CL Lorentzsen, M Zaylskie, R Clinch, NR Saunders, P Sutton, WR AF Hoffman, Michael K. Huwe, Janice Deyrup, Cynthia L. Lorentzsen, Margaret Zaylskie, Richard Clinch, Nelson R. Saunders, Patricia Sutton, W. R. TI Statistically designed survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls in US meat and poultry, 2002-2003: Results, trends, and implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENTACHLOROPHENOL-TREATED WOOD; UNITED-STATES BEEF; FURANS; FOOD; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; FACILITIES; INGESTION; CHICKENS; RESIDUES AB To obtain information on dioxin levels in the human diet, the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture recently determined levels of dioxin-like compounds (dioxins/ dibenzofurans/PCBs) in four major slaughter classes (steers and heifers, market hogs, young chickens, and young turkeys) that comprise over 90% of the meat and poultry production in the United States. The data were analyzed and compared to data from smaller surveys carried out from 1994 to 1996. These surveys were conducted by different laboratories nearly 10 years apart, so a direct comparison of the data was not straightforward. Three approaches were taken: (1) comparison with nondetects set to zero, (2) comparison with nondetects set to half the limit of detection, and (3) comparison applying the earlier surveys' limits of detection to the newer data. The data analyses indicated that dioxin levels appear to have declined in three of the four slaughter classes, with young chickens, market hogs, and young turkeys declining 20-80%, while any declines in cattle dioxin levels, if real, are less than those observed in the other slaughter classes. Further study is needed to examine factors that might explain the differences in dioxin levels and distribution profiles in the four slaughter classes. A small number of market hog and steers/heifers samples had dioxin toxic equivalency levels (TEQs) greater than 2 pg/g lipid weight. Follow-up investigations for those samples indicated a common source for the market hog samples (a dioxin-contaminated mineral supplement), but no commonality was found for the steers/heifers samples. C1 USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20056 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program & Employee Dev, Washington, DC 20056 USA. RP Deyrup, CL (reprint author), USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20056 USA. EM cindy.deyrup@fsis.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 17 BP 5340 EP 5346 DI 10.1021/es0608848 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 078UP UT WOS:000240130200032 PM 16999108 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE AF McRoberts, Ronald E. TI Special issue - TIES Conference 2004 SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 527 EP 528 DI 10.1002/env.812 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 085EH UT WOS:000240585700001 ER PT J AU Brillinger, DR Preisler, HK Benoit, JW AF Brillinger, D. R. Preisler, H. K. Benoit, J. W. TI Probabilistic risk assessment for wildfires SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 15th Annual Conference of the International-Environmetrics-Society (TIES)/6th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Science CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP Int Environmetr Soc DE biased sampling; false discovery rate; forest fires; generalized mixed model; penalized quasi-likelihood; risk ID MODELS AB Forest fires are an important societal problem. They cause extensive damage and substantial funds are spent preparing for and fighting them. This work develops a stochastic model useful for probabilistic risk assessment, specifically to estimate chances of fires at a future time given explanatory variables. Questions of interest include: Are random effects needed in the risk model? and if yes, How is the analysis to be implemented? An exploratory data analysis approach is taken using both fixed and random effects models for data concerning the Federal Lands in the state of California during the period 2000-2003. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Brillinger, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, 367 Evans, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brill@stat.berkeley.edu NR 13 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1002/env.768 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 085EH UT WOS:000240585700008 ER PT J AU Santos, CAF Simon, PW AF Fernandes Santos, Carlos Antonio Simon, Philipp W. TI Heritabilities and minimum gene number estimates of carrot carotenoids SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE carotenes; Daucus carota; HPLC ID DAUCUS-CAROTA L; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; INHERITANCE; COLOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROVITAMIN; PLANTS; ROOTS; FOODS AB Broad sense heritabilities and gene numbers were estimated for the production of total carotenoids and the major component carotenoids of carrot storage roots: phytoene, zeta-carotene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and lycopene. Two crosses with different backgrounds were evaluated: orange B493 x white QAL and orange Brasilia x dark orange HCM. The HCM (high carotene mass selection), Brasilia and B493 parents had both alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, but HCM had proportionally more alpha-carotene. Carotene content in F (2) populations ranged from 522 ppm to 1714 ppm in Brasilia x HCM and from 0 to 695 ppm in B493 x QAL progeny. F (2) plants segregating for absence of alpha-carotene were identified in B493 x QAL. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 28% to 48% for all carotenes except lycopene and phytoene where estimates were 44% to 89% in the Brasilia x HCM cross, All heritability values exceeded 88% for the B493 x QAL cross, except one estimate for lycopene. The estimated number of genes was 4 conditioning alpha-carotene, 2 to 3 each for beta-carotene and total carotenes and one each for zeta-carotene, lycopene and phytoene in the orange x dark orange cross. In the orange x white cross, the estimates were 4 genes for alpha-carotene, 1 to 2 each for lycopene and total carotenes and 1 for each of the other carotenes. These results are in general agreement with QTL studies and they provided evidence for continuous inheritance of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange x dark orange cross and discrete inheritance for beta-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange x white cross. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Embrapa Semi Arido, BR-56300970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu RI santos, carlos antonio/B-8973-2014 OI santos, carlos antonio/0000-0002-6932-6805 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9130-7 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 099FM UT WOS:000241578700009 ER PT J AU Guo, PG Bai, GH Li, RH Shaner, G Baum, M AF Guo, Pei-Guo Bai, Gui-Hua Li, Rong-Hua Shaner, Gregory Baum, Michael TI Resistance gene analogs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; resistance gene analog; wheat scab; QTL tagging; sequence tagged site ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STRIPE RUST; MARKERS; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION; RICE; PATHOGEN; CLONING; LOCUS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat. Identification of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) may provide candidate genes for cloning of FHB resistance genes and molecular markers for marker-assisted improvement of wheat FHB resistance. To identify potential RGAs associated with FHB resistance in wheat, 18 primer pairs of RGAs were screened between two parents (Ning7840 and Clark) and seven informative RGA primer combinations were analyzed in their recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Five PCR products amplified from three primer combinations showed significant association with FHB resistance, and their sequences are similar to the gene families of RGAs. Three of them (RGA14-310, RGA16-462, RGA18-356) were putatively assigned to chromosome 1AL and explained 12.73%, 5.57% and 5.9% of the phenotypic variation for FHB response in the F-7 population, and 10.37%, 3.37% and 4.53% in F-10 population, respectively; suggesting that these RGAs may play a role in enhancing FHB resistance in wheat. Analysis of nucleotide sequence motifs demonstrated that all the RGA markers contain a heat shock factor that initiates the production of heat shock proteins. A sequence tagged site (STS) marker (FHBSTS1A-160) was successfully converted from RGA18-356, and validated in fourteen other cultivars. Significant interaction between the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on 1AL and the QTL on 3BS was detected. The marker FHBSTS1A-160 in combination with markers linked to the major QTL on 3BS could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for enhanced FHB resistance in wheat. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Guangzhou Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 151 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-9153-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 100RM UT WOS:000241686300013 ER PT J AU Mills, DK Entry, JA Voss, JD Gillevet, PM Mathee, K AF Mills, DeEtta K. Entry, James A. Voss, Joshua D. Gillevet, Patrick M. Mathee, Kalai TI An assessment of the hypervariable domains of the 16S rRNA genes for their value in determining microbial community diversity: the paradox of traditional ecological indices SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplicon length heterogeneity PCR; Shannon information index; Bray-Curtis similarity; multidimensional scaling; microbial community; 16S rRNA gene hypervariable domains ID LENGTH HETEROGENEITY PCR; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL; BIAS; BIOREMEDIATION; PROFILES; DYNAMICS AB Amplicon length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) was investigated for its ability to distinguish between microbial community patterns from the same soil type under different land management practices. Natural sagebrush and irrigated mouldboard-ploughed soils from Idaho were queried as to which hypervariable domains, or combinations of 16S rRNA gene domains, were the best molecular markers. Using standard ecological indices to measure richness, diversity and evenness, the combination of three domains, V1, V3 and V1+V2, or the combined V1 and V3 domains were the markers that could best distinguish the undisturbed natural sagebrush communities from the mouldboard-ploughed microbial communities. Bray-Curtis similarity and multidimensional scaling were found to be better metrics to ordinate and cluster the LH-PCR community profiling data. The use/misuse of traditional ecological indices such as diversity and evenness to study microbial community profiles will remain a major point to consider when performing metagenomic studies. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Manassas, VA USA. RP Mills, DK (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, OE 167,Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM millsd@fiu.edu RI Mills, DeEtta/G-8532-2015 OI Mills, DeEtta/0000-0002-9977-7834 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00135.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 071XC UT WOS:000239636200014 PM 16907762 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Anderson, R Nakhuda, GS Guarnaccia, MM Sauer, MV Lobo, RA AF Wang, J. G. Anderson, R. Nakhuda, G. S. Guarnaccia, M. M. Sauer, M. V. Lobo, R. A. TI The effect of cinnamon extract on insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine (ASRM) CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med (ASRM) C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 EI 1556-5653 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S9 EP S9 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.025 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500021 ER PT J AU Rcbacker, DC AF Rcbacker, David C. TI Attraction of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) to two synthetic lures: Effects of water and thermal stress SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; BioLure; AFF lure; environment; weather; temperature; thirst; water deprivation ID ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; MCPHAIL TRAPS; FLY DIPTERA; TEMPERATURE; PUTRESCINE; AMMONIA AB Experiments were conducted in a flight chamber in a controlled-environment greenhouse to determine if thermal and water stress differentially affects attraction of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to BioLure MFF 2-component lures and AFF lures. For most combinations of air temperature, water vs. no water in traps, and non-thirsty vs. thirsty flies, responses to traps with BioLures or AFF lures were equal. Generally, higher temperatures, water deprivation of flies, and especially presence of water in traps, increased attraction to both lures. Results indicate that observed greater attractiveness of BioLures compared with AFF lures in Multi-Lure traps in the field is not due to water in traps or thermal stress. Results are consistent with observed greater attractiveness of Multi-Lure traps containing water compared with sticky traps under hot, dry field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Rcbacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[305:AOMFFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900003 ER PT J AU Seal, DR Ciomperlik, MA Richards, ML Klassen, W AF Seal, D. R. Ciomperlik, M. A. Richards, M. L. Klassen, W. TI Distribution of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae), in pepper fields and pepper plants on St. Vincent SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Scirtothrips dorsalis; spatial distribution; within plant distribution; pepper; invasive alien species; Caribbean ID IDENTIFICATION; TRAPS; PEST AB Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood is a significant pest of various vegetable, ornamental, and fruit crops. Its biology and management are little known in the agro-ecosystems in western hemisphere. We investigated distribution patterns of S. dorsalis in fields and plants of 'Scotch Bonnet' pepper, Capsicum chinense Jacq., on St. Vincent in 2004 and 2005. Scirtothrips dorsalis adults and larvae were abundant on top leaves of the pepper plants followed by middle leaves, lower leaves, flowers and fruits. The spatial distribution of S. dorsalis adults and larvae on pepper was analyzed by using Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression. These results were compared with the Index of Dispersion, Mean Crowding, Green's Index and Lloyd's Patchiness Index. In Oct 2004 the distributions of S. dorsalis adults on the top leaves were aggregated in 24- and 48 m(2)-plots. In the smaller plots adults were distributed in a regular pattern. The distribution of larvae on the top leaves was aggregated irrespective of plot size. In Williams Farms on Mar 2005, the distribution of adults was aggregated in the largest plots (48 m(2)). In all other plots, the distribution of adults was regular as described by Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression. In Baptist Farms on March 2005, the distribution of adults according to both models was aggregated irrespective of plot size. The optimum number of samples from a 24 m(2) plot was 9 with a precision of 40% when there were 0.5 individuals per top leaf of 'Scotch Bonnet' pepper. However if the estimated density was 2 individuals per top leaf, 9 samples from a same sized area were sufficient at the 10% precision level. This information is essential to the development of a scouting-based integrated management program for S. dorsalis. Based on this information, incipient infestations of S. dorsalis easily can be detected by examining young top leaves. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Minist Agr & Fisheries, Richmond Hill, Kingstown, St Vincent. RP Seal, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[311:DOCTSD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900004 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Nguyen, R Winotai, A Howard, FW AF Pemberton, Robert W. Nguyen, Ru Winotai, Amporn Howard, F. W. TI Host acceptance trials of Kerria lacca (Kerriidae) parasitoids from northern Thailand on the pest lobate lac scale (Paratachardina lobata) (Kerriidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; Aphelinidae; Blastobasidae; Encyrtidae; Eulophidae; Eupelmidae; Noctuidae AB In an attempt to find potential biological control agents of the lobate lac scale (Paratachardina lobata), an important pest in southern Florida and the Bahamas, we made collections of the commercial lac scale (Kerria lacca) in northern Thailand. Four species of parasitoids and two species of predaceous moths were reared from K. lacca infestations on twigs imported into Florida quarantine. None of the parasitoids accepted P. lobata as a host. Parasitoids of P. lobata from India or Sri Lanka, the native home of this scale, probably have more promise as potential biological control agents of this pest. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Dept Agr, Entomol & Zool Grp, Plant Protect Res & Dev Off, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 336 EP 339 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[336:HATOKL]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900007 ER PT J AU McLean, SC Bloem, KA Bloem, S Hight, SD Carpenter, JE AF McLean, Stephen C. Bloem, Kenneth A. Bloem, Stephanie Hight, Stephen D. Carpenter, James E. TI Effect of temperature and length of exposure time on percent egg hatch of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE cactus moth; invasive species; insect development ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; STERILITY; CRAMBIDAE; FLORIDA AB The oligophagous cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), has been recognized as a serious and immediate threat to Opuntia cacti in Florida and the southeastern United States. The moth has successfully colonized new geographical ranges with lower annual temperatures north of the Florida Keys where it was first detected in the continental United States in 1989. This study evaluated the effect of temperature on egg development and egg hatch of C. cactorum by utilizing various treatment temperatures, exposure times, and egg ages. The temperatures used in this study ranged from a low of -20 degrees C to a high of 50 degrees C, thus encompassing the potential range of temperatures that eggsticks may be exposed to in potential new host areas. One-d-old eggs held at a constant temperature of 30 degrees C resulted in the highest percent hatch and shortest time to egg hatch. Eggs did not hatch when held at constant temperatures <= 15 degrees C or >= 35 degrees C. Furthermore, one d of exposure at -10 degrees C and 4 d of exposure at -5 degrees C were 100% lethal to one-d-old eggs. Eggs that were 7- and 14-d-old before exposure to cold temperatures were generally more resistant to temperature effects than one-d-old eggs. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP McLean, SC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[340:EOTALO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900008 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Amalin, D Kendra, PE Puche, H Mannion, CM AF Epsky, Nancy D. Amalin, Divina Kendra, Paul E. Puche, Helena Mannion, Catharine M. TI Temporal and spatial characterization of an infestation of Paratachardina lobata lobata (Hemiptera : Kerriidae), a new invasive pest in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE lobate lac scale; infestation level; distribution; spatial analysis AB The lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) was first found in south Florida in 1999. Reported hosts are present in the germplasm collection located at the USDA/ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Station in Miami, and the scale was first found there in the summer of 2002. A study was initiated to determine the spatio-temporal dynamics of a lobate lac scale infestation at SHRS from Jul 2003 to Jul 2005. Numbers and percentages of viable adults, and reproductive success as indicated by ratio of nymphs to viable adults (< 2 cm diam and 30 cm long branch sample) were recorded. There were 55 plants evaluated over the similar to 80 hectares study site. Infestation increased from 42% of sampled plants at the start of the study to 75% at the end, and most of the plants had low or moderate levels of infestation (between 0 and 100 adults per 30 cm branch) over the course of the study. Percentage of non-viable adults dropped from similar to 27% at the start of the study to similar to 7% by the end of the study, and ratio of nymphs to viable adults dropped from similar to 9% to similar to 2%. Spatial analysis showed that initial infestations were along the eastern edge of the sampled area, with populations declining over the first half of the study but then increasing during the second half. Over the course of the study, heavy infestations (>= 100 scales per 30 cm branch) were found on only seven host plants. Among plants located in areas of high infestation probabilities, individual host susceptibility appeared to be the primary factor regulating infestation level. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, APHIS, CPHST, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[367:TASCOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900012 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Holler, TC Stewart, JL AF Shelly, Todd E. Holler, Timothy C. Stewart, Joseph L. TI Mating competitiveness of mass-reared males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) from eclosion towers SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; sterile insect technique; tower eclosion system ID FLIES AB In Florida, an ongoing Preventative Release Program utilizes the sterile insect technique to prevent infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Unlike other such programs, which use plastic, storage (PARC) boxes, the Florida operation holds pupae and newly emerged adults in eclosion towers prior to release. Although eclosion towers save space and labor, few data exist regarding the quality of sterile male medflies held in towers versus PARC boxes. Here, we present the results of field-cage trials comparing the mating success of sterile males held in towers versus PARC boxes. In addition, previous research has shown that exposing PARC box-held males to the aroma of ginger root oil (GRO) increases their mating competitiveness. Consequently, we assessed whether a similar increase was evident for tower-held males. Finally, we performed a mark-release-recapture study involving GRO-exposed and non-exposed males and estimated their relative survival and dispersal in the field using the trap catch data. Data from the mating trials showed that sterile males held in towers displayed approximately the same mating success as sterile males held in PARC boxes and that, among tower-held males, GRO significantly increased mating competitiveness relative to non-exposed males. In the trapping study, significantly more GRO-exposed males were captured than non-exposed males, and there was no apparent difference in the duration of the post-release interval over which GRO-exposed and non-exposed males were captured. These findings, along with earlier comparisons of adult weight, flight ability, and yield suggest no obvious differences in the efficacy of tower and PARC-box eclosion systems for medfly sterile release programs. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Sarasota, FL 34234 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[380:MCOMMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900014 ER PT J AU Gurrea, MP Cano, JM Fisher, JR AF Gurrea, M. Pilar Cano, Jose Martin Fisher, James R. TI The ability of an artificial diet to sustain larvae of Exapion ulicis (Coleoptera : Apionidae) and the occurrence of Pteromalus sequester (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) from field-collected larvae in Oregon SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEEVIL C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Gurrea, MP (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, C-Darwin 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 405 EP 406 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[405:TAOAAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900019 ER PT J AU Ulmer, BJ Pena, JE Lapointe, SL Mathurin, G AF Ulmer, Bryan J. Pena, Jorge E. Lapointe, Stephen L. Mathurin, Guy TI The occurrence of parasitoids attacking citrus weevil eggs on Saint Lucia SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; PUERTO-RICO; CURCULIONIDAE; FLORIDA; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; HYMENOPTERA C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Div Res & Dev, Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Union Agr Stn, Castries, St Lucia. RP Ulmer, BJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[407:TOOPAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900020 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW AF Mankin, R. W. TI Increase in acoustic detectability of Plodia interpunctella larvae after low energy microwave radar exposure SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSECTS; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; GRAIN; RF C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[416:IIADOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900024 ER PT J AU Holler, T Sivinski, J Jenkins, C Fraser, S AF Holler, Timothy Sivinski, John Jenkins, Came Fraser, Suzanne TI A comparison of yeast hydrolysate and synthetic food attractants for capture of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; TRAP C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FDACS, DPI, Caribbean Fruit Fly Certificat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34982 USA. FDACS, DPI, Biol Control Rearing Facil, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Holler, T (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 BP 419 EP 420 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[419:ACOYHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 084IP UT WOS:000240526900025 ER PT J AU Myint, MS Johnson, YJ Tablante, NL Heckert, RA AF Myint, MS Johnson, YJ Tablante, NL Heckert, RA TI The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of naturally contaminated Salmonella in raw poultry compared to conventional culture SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; Salmonella; poultry products ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; FOOD-PRODUCTS; VALIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; STANDARD; CHICKEN; SAMPLES AB Salmonella spp. are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Conventional culture techniques for the detection of Salmonella spp. are labor intensive and time consuming. Several rapid detection methods have been developed over the past few years. However, standard methods for sample handling and preparation have not been established and limited data are available on the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated retail meat. Using culture as the gold standard for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated raw poultry products, the sensitivity and specificity of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was determined under varying enrichment protocols. Chicken meat samples (ground, boneless/skinless breast meat, and bone-in breast meat with skin) from retail grocery stores were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water (BPW) and Salmonella specific primers ST 11 and ST 15 were used to amplify a 429 bp region of random fragment target specific to all Salmonella spp. There was a significant decrease (P-value < 0.001) in the sensitivity of the PCR test when BPW pre-enrichment alone (85%) was used compared to the sensitivity achieved after both BPW enrichment and selective enrichment with RV and TT-H (100%). PCR failed to detect any positive samples when no pre-enrichment was conducted. A minimum of 12 h pre-enrichment was required for detection of Salmonella by PCR at a limit of 100 colony forming unit (cfu)/1 ml of sample. No detectable amplification product was seen in those naturally contaminated meat samples testing negative by culture methods. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, YJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Clin Med, 227 Large Anim Clin,1008 W Hazelwood Dr, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM yjjohn38@uiuc.edu NR 31 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.09.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 043WN UT WOS:000237633700013 PM 16943057 ER PT J AU Swanson, MA AF Swanson, Marilyn A. TI Eating healthier in school SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE FOODS; OBESITY; LUNCH; INCREASE C1 ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Swanson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mswanson@bcm.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 60 IS 9 BP 32 EP + PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 087RZ UT WOS:000240761300011 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Harvey, R. B. Nisbet, D. J. TI The Hygiene Hypothesis and Foodborne Illnesses: Too Much of a Good Thing, or Is Our Food Supply Too Clean? SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Callaway, T. R.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.usda.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.217 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZE UT WOS:000206352200001 PM 16972768 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Brabban, AD Keen, JE Anderson, RC Rossman, ML Engler, MJ Genovese, KJ Gwartney, BL Reagan, JO Poole, TL Harvey, RB Kutter, EM Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Brabban, A. D. Keen, J. E. Anderson, R. C. Rossman, M. L. Engler, M. J. Genovese, K. J. Gwartney, B. L. Reagan, J. O. Poole, T. L. Harvey, R. B. Kutter, E. M. Nisbet, D. J. TI Fecal Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, Listeria, and Bacteriophage Infecting E-coli O157: H7 in Feedlot Cattle in the Southern Plains Region of the United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria are foodborne pathogens of critical importance that often colonize cattle. E. coli O157:H7 can be specifically killed by lytic bacteriophage, and lytic bacteriophage treatment has been suggested as a pre-harvest intervention strategy to reduce foodborne pathogens in cattle. To date, no systematic approach to determine the incidence of E. coli O157:H7-infecting lytic bacteriophage has been published. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine (1) the incidence of E. coli O157, Salmonella spp., and Listeria and (2) the incidence of E. coli O157:H7-infecting bacteriophage in the feces of feedlot steers in commercial feedlots in the United States. Fecal samples (n = 60) were collected from four feedlots in two Southern Great Plains states (total n = 240 fecal samples). Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were found in 3.8% and 11.7% of the fecal samples, respectively. Bacteriophage targeting E. coli O157:H7 were found in all four feedlots, in 15% of the individual fecal samples, and in 55% of the cattle pens. Our results indicate that such bacteriophage are widespread in feedlot cattle, suggesting that further research into the ecological role of bacteriophage in the gastrointestinal tract is needed. C1 [Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Anderson, R. C.; Genovese, K. J.; Poole, T. L.; Harvey, R. B.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Keen, J. E.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Rossman, M. L.; Engler, M. J.; Gwartney, B. L.; Reagan, J. O.] Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Centennial, CO USA. [Callaway, T. R.] Cactus Feeders, Amarillo, TX USA. [Brabban, A. D.; Kutter, E. M.] Evergreen State Coll, Dept Sci, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.usda.edu FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association; NIH-AREA FX We would like to thank Jim Snodgrass, Ann Marie Prazak, Kate Andrews, and Laura Ripley for their assistance with this study. This research was funded in part by beef and veal producers and importers through their $1-per-ead checkoff, and was produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state beef councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. NIH-AREA provided financial support to A.D.B. and E.M.K. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.234 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZE UT WOS:000206352200004 PM 16972771 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Looper, ML Duke, SE Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, T. S. Looper, M. L. Duke, S. E. Callaway, T. R. Genovese, K. J. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effect of Ionophore Supplementation on the Incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Coliforms in Stocker Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB To examine the effect of ionophore supplementation on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, crossbred beef calves (n = 113; mean body weight [BW], 243 kg) were fed a mineral supplement with ionophore (1.76 g lasalocid/kg) for 61 days (d). Control calves received an identical mineral supplement without lasalocid. Calves were pastured on fescue/bermudagrass paddocks and supplemented with a corn/wheat midds/soybean meal supplement (1.5% of BW/d). Upon arrival, cattle were fed a commercial receiving ration containing 1 g chlorotetracycline/kg for 10 d. Sick calves were administered one or a combination of the following: Nuflor (R) (florfenicol), Baytril (R) (eurofloxacin), Micotil (R) (tilmicosin), or LA 200 (R) (oxytetracycline). Fecal samples were collected immediately prior to ionophore supplementation, approximately midway and at the end of the experimental period (60 d total ionophore feeding) for isolation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Putative fecal coliforms were also isolated at these sampling times and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. The study was replicated over a two year period (year 1, n = 53 head; year 2, n = 60 head). Ionophore supplementation had no effect (p > 0.10) on the incidence of calves shedding E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella. The percentage of calves shedding E. coli O157:H7 varied throughout the experimental period from 0 to 30%, while Salmonella was cultured from only three calves over the 2-year experimental period. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of putative fecal coliforms were consistent with antibiotic treatments administered during the study (observed resistance to chlortetracycline, florfenicol, oxytetracycline), while only one treatment effect was observed. Ionophore treatment resulted in a significantly higher number of coliform isolates resistant to ampicillin compared to controls in year 1, but not year 2. A number of fecal coliform isolates demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics, however, this was not affected (p > 0.10) by ionophore supplementation. Mineral intakes, BW gain, and the number of sick calves were similar (p > 0.10) among treatments. Ionophore supplementation had no affect on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella and a negligible impact on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fecal coliforms in beef calves. C1 [Edrington, T. S.; Duke, S. E.; Callaway, T. R.; Genovese, K. J.; Anderson, R. C.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Looper, M. L.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AZ USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.284 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZE UT WOS:000206352200010 PM 16972777 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, FH Zweede, JC AF Wadsworth, Frank H. Zweede, Johan C. TI Liberation: Acceptable production of tropical forest timber SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Brazil; reduced impact logging; tree liberation; tropical forest production; growth AB Reduced impact logging in an eastern Amazonian terra firme forest left more than half of the next crop trees growing at a rate corresponding to a rotation of more than a century to attain 60-cm dbh. Two years after the logging, in 20 ha of the logged forest, tree competitors around crop trees were eliminated. Competitors were defined as trees whose crowns overtopped crop trees, those within 2 m of them, and trees as tall as or taller than the crop trees closer than indicated by a basal area of 15-25 m(2)/ha, depending on their summed diameters. During the subsequent 5.7 years, increment of the liberated crop trees was 20% greater than that of comparable crop trees left in another 20 ha of the same logged forest without liberation. Had the competing trees been identified at the time of the logging the 5.8/ha that were merchantable could have increased the yield from 25 m(3)/ha to as much as 43 m(3)/ha. This added harvest should have more than paid the entire cost of the liberation, including the elimination of the remaining unmerchantable, trees. Additionally, a prospective reduction of 25% in the wait for the next harvest, as compared with logging only, would have been created. Where the economical sustainability of tropical wood productivity and quality is a goal, the wisdom of neglect of liberation is questioned. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. Fdn Florestal Trop, Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Wadsworth, FH (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. EM fwadsworth@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 233 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.072 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 082TJ UT WOS:000240409800005 ER PT J AU Oakley, BB North, MP Franklin, JF AF Oakley, Brian B. North, Malcolm P. Franklin, Jerry F. TI Facilitative and competitive effects of a N-fixing shrub on white fir saplings SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest regeneration; mixed conifer; shade tolerance; soil fertility; plant competition; fire suppression; nitrogen fixation ID SIERRAN MIXED-CONIFER; GLACIER BAY; NITROGEN ACCRETION; DOUGLAS-FIR; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; CEANOTHUS; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION AB In Sierra Nevada forests, shrubs are considered strong soil moisture competitors with regenerating trees, reducing seedling establishment, and slowing growth. Recent studies, however, suggest that in some circumstances shrubs can facilitate tree establishment and growth by modifying harsh microclimate conditions; increasing acquisition of water, carbon, and/or nutrients via shared mycorrhizal connections; or enhancing soil fertility, particularly under nitrogen-fixing shrubs such as Ceanothus spp. We examined the establishment dates and growth rates and patterns of white fir saplings growing in greenleaf manzanita, whitethorn ceanothus, and bare patches to examine whether establishment was correlated with past wet years, whether saplings growing in ceanothus had nitrogen-enriched foliage or faster growth rates than in the other two patches, and whether saplings in shrub patches experienced competition for light. Sapling establishment was not correlated with high precipitation or heavy snowpack years, suggesting shade-tolerant saplings do not need wet years to become established. Soils under ceanothus were nitrogen enriched, but white fir sapling foliage did not have higher nitrogen concentrations and saplings did not grow faster in ceanothus than in the other two patches. Because growth rates of saplings were comparable in all patch types examined despite significantly different edaphic and abiotic conditions, we inferred that the various competitive and facilitative interactions affecting tree growth are in net balance across the patch types examined. However, competition for light is important-a significant percentage of growth release events occurred after saplings emerged above their host shrubs. Where shrubs are present, shade-tolerant species (i.e., white fir) are favored over drought-tolerant (pine) species. Our results may help interpret changes in understory conditions that are contributing to mixed conifer's compositional shift toward more shade-tolerant species after a century of fire-suppression. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USFS, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Oakley, BB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 357242, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM boakley@u.washington.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 233 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.014 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 082TJ UT WOS:000240409800011 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ Delaney, M Parresol, BR Royer, L AF Brandeis, Thomas J. Delaney, Matthew Parresol, Bemard R. Royer, Larry TI Development of equations for predicting Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest biomass and volume SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FIA; subtropical dry forest; biomass; stem volume; Puerto Rico; Caribbean; additive models ID TROPICAL FORESTS; INVENTORY; BRAZIL; TREE AB Carbon accounting, forest health monitoring and sustainable management of the subtropical dry forests of Puerto Rico and other Caribbean Islands require an accurate assessment of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and stem volume. One means of improving assessment accuracy is the development of predictive equations derived from locally collected data. Forest inventory and analysis (FIA) measured tree diameter and height, and then destructively sampled 30 trees from 6 species at an upland deciduous dry forest site near Ponce, Puerto Rico. This data was used to develop best parsimonious equations fit with ordinary least squares procedures and additive models fit with nonlinear seemingly unrelated regressions that estimate subtropical dry forest leaf, woody, and total AGB for Bucida buceras and mixed dry forest species. We also fit equations for estimating inside and outside bark total and merchantable stem volume using both diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and total height, and diameter at breast height alone for B. buceras and Bursera simaruba. Model fits for total and woody biomass were generally good, while leaf biomass showed more variation, possibly due to seasonal leaf loss at the time of sampling. While the distribution of total AGB into components appeared to remain relatively constant across diameter classes, AGB variability increased and B. simaruba and B. buceras allocated more carbon into branch biomass than the other species. When comparing our observed and predicted values to other published dry forest AGB equations, the equation developed in Mexico and recommended for areas with rainfall > 900 mm/year gave estimates substantially lower than our observed values, while equations developed using dry forest data from forest in Australia, India and Mexico were lower than our observed values for trees with d.b.h. < 25 cm and slightly higher for trees with d.b.h. > 30 cm. Although our ability to accurately estimate merchantable stem volume and live tree AGB for subtropical dry forests in Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands has been improved, much work remains to be done to sample a wider range of species and tree sizes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Delaney Forestry Serv LLC, Albany, OR 97321 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM tjbrandeis@fs.fed.us; matt@delaneyforestry.com; bparresol@fs.fed.us; lroyer@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 233 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.012 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 082TJ UT WOS:000240409800015 ER PT J AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, Roger M. TI Acetylation of wood - Journey from analytical technique to commercial reality SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; ASPEN FLAKEBOARDS; BEECH WOOD; RESISTANCE; FIBERBOARD; STRENGTH; FLAKES; PINE C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rmrowell@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 9 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 087OW UT WOS:000240752700001 ER PT J AU Lorenz, LF Frihart, C AF Lorenz, Linda F. Frihart, Charles TI Adhesive bonding of wood treated with ACQ and copper azole preservatives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVE; SOUTHERN PINE; DURABILITY AB Treated wood has generally been more difficult to bond than untreated wood for a variety of reasons. Alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and copper azole (CA-B), the most prominent substitutes for chromated copper arsenate (CCA), are difficult to bond consistently. Using a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive formulated for bonding to CCA-treated wood, we examined the bonding of southern yellow pine treated with CCA, ACQ, or CA-B. In durability tests, bonds were not as durable in the ACQ- or CA-B-treated southern yellow pine as in the CCA-treated or untreated pine as measured by delamination. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we determined that the adhesive tends to react more quickly with ACQ- or CA-B-treated southern yellow pine than with untreated or CCA-treated southern yellow pine. A hydroxymethylated resorcinol primer (HMR) did not penetrate as well into ACQ- or CA-B-treated southern yellow pine as into untreated wood, suggesting that PRF penetration is not as effective in treated wood. However, the HMR primer was able to reduce the extent of bond delamination of treated southern yellow pine bonded with PRF. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lorenz, LF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM llorenz@fs.fed.us; cfrihart@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 9 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 087OW UT WOS:000240752700016 ER PT J AU Penner, M Swift, DE Gagnon, R Brissette, J AF Penner, M. Swift, D. E. Gagnon, R. Brissette, J. TI A stand density management diagram for balsam fir in New Brunswick SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE Acadian Forest Region; mortality curves ID BLACK SPRUCE; PLANTATIONS; RECOVERY; CONTEXT; MODEL AB A stand management density diagram (SDMD) is presented for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests in New Brunswick. The SDMD incorporates a maximum size density tine, as well as quadratic mean diameter and top height isolines. Several mortality functions are evaluated. The resultant SDMD should be a useful tool for projecting early stand development and determining the timing and intensity of thinnings. C1 Forest Anal Ltd, Huntsville, ON P1H 2J6, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canaada, Atlant Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. JD Irving Ltd, Woodlands Div, Sussex E, NB E4G 2V5, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Penner, M (reprint author), Forest Anal Ltd, 1188 Walker Lake Dr,RR4, Huntsville, ON P1H 2J6, Canada. EM mpenner@vianet.on.ca OI Swift, Edwin/0000-0001-6650-3311 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 82 IS 5 BP 700 EP 711 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 100ZE UT WOS:000241707900024 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wise, M Peterson, D Meydani, M AF Nie, Lin Wise, Mitchell Peterson, David Meydani, Mohsen TI Mechanism by which avenanthramide-c, a polyphenol of oats, blocks cell cycle progression in vascular smooth muscle cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE avenanthramide; smooth muscle cell; proliferation; cyclin D1; p53; pRb; p21cip1 ID DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; RAT CAROTID-ARTERY; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; PROLIFERATION; P53; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE AB Previously, we reported that avenanthramide-c (Avn-c), one of the major avenanthramides, polyphenols of oats, inhibited the serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), which is an important process in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we further investigated its cell cycle inhibitory mechanism. Rat embryonic aortic smooth muscle cell line A10 was used in this study. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that treatment of A10 cells with 80 mu M Avn-c arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase as indicated by an increase in the number of cells in G1 phase and a decrease in the number of cells in S phase. This cell cycle arrest was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb), whose hyperphosphorylation is a hallmark of the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle. The inhibition of pRb phosphorylation with Avn-c was accompanied by a decrease in cyclin D1 expression and an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1 expression, without significant changes in p27kip1 expression. Furthermore, Avn-c treatment increased the expression level and stability of p53 protein, which could account for the increase of p21cip1 expression. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Avn-c, which is a unique polyphenol found in oats, arrests SMC proliferation at G1 phase by upregulating the p53-p21cip1 pathway and inhibiting pRB phosphorylation. This inhibitory effect of Avn-c on SMC proliferation is an additional indication for the potential health benefit of oat consumption in the prevention of coronary heart disease beyond its known effect through lowering blood cholesterol. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, ARS Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.020 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 079YK UT WOS:000240213600002 PM 16895790 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA Dolinoy, DC Lin, JR Smith, CA Shi, X Tahiliani, KG AF Waterland, Robert A. Dolinoy, Dana C. Lin, Juan-Ru Smith, Charlotte A. Shi, Xin Tahiliani, Kajal G. TI Maternal methyl supplements increase offspring DNA methylation at axin fused SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE developmental origins; epigenetic; metastable epiallele; nutrition ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE; INHERITANCE; PLASTICITY; GENOME; LOCUS AB Transient environmental exposures during mammalian development can permanently alter gene expression and metabolism by influencing the establishment of epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms. The genomic characteristics that confer such epigenetic plasticity upon specific loci, however, have not been characterized. Methyl donor supplementation of female mice before and during pregnancy permanently increases DNA methylation at the viable yellow agouti (A(vy)) metastable epiallele in the offspring. The current study tested whether another murine metastable epiallele, axin fused (Axin(Fu)), similarly exhibits epigenetic plasticity to maternal diet. We found that methyl donor supplementation of female mice before and during pregnancy increased DNA methylation at AxinFu and thereby reduced by half the incidence of tail kinking in Axin(Fu)/+ offspring. The hypermethylation was tail-specific, suggesting a mid-gestation effect. Our results indicate that stochastic establishment of epigenotype at metastable epialleles is, in general, labile to methyl donor nutrition, and such influences are not limited to early embryonic development. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Integrated Toxicol Program, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1 100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01DK070007] NR 24 TC 263 Z9 274 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1002/dvg.20230 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 084VK UT WOS:000240562300001 PM 16868943 ER PT J AU Federico, ML Iniguez-Luy, FL Skadsen, RW Kaeppler, HF AF Federico, Maria L. Iniguez-Luy, Federico L. Skadsen, Ronald W. Kaeppler, Heidi F. TI Spatial and temporal divergence of expression in duplicated barley germin-like protein-encoding genes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OXALATE OXIDASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; DEFENSE RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNA; WHEAT SPIKES; CELL-WALLS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; POLYPLOIDY AB Subfunctionalization is the process by which a pair of duplicated genes, or paralogs, experiences a reduction of individual expression patterns or function while still reproducing the complete expression pattern and function of the ancestral gene. Two germin-like protein (GLP)-encoding genes, GerB and GerF, are paralogs that belong to a small gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Both genes share high nucleotide sequence similarity in coding and noncoding regions and encode identical apoplastic proteins. The use of RNA gel blots, coupled with single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of RT-PCR products, elucidated the developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of each gene. Individual expression patterns provided evidence of both overlapping redundancy and early subfunctionalization. GerB is predominantly expressed in developing shoots, while GerF is predominantly expressed in seedling roots, developing spikes, and pericarp/testa. GerF promoter deletion studies located a region (-356/-97) responsible for high promoter activity and showed the ability of GerB and GerF upstream regions to drive gfp expression in coleoptiles, epicarps, and lemma/palea of developing spikes. The observed expression patterns are consistent with proposed roles in plant development and defense mechanisms for this gene family. These roles may explain why redundancy has been selectively maintained in this duplicate gene pair. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kaeppler, HF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hfkaeppl@wisc.edu NR 73 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 174 IS 1 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.058156 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 092YT UT WOS:000241134400017 PM 16751662 ER PT J AU Shippy, TD Rogers, CD Beeman, RW Brown, SJ Denell, RE AF Shippy, Teresa D. Rogers, Carmelle D. Beeman, Richard W. Brown, Susan J. Denell, Robin E. TI The Tribolium castaneum ortholog of Sex combs reduced controls dorsal ridge development SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX HOM-C; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EXPRESSION PATTERN; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; INSECT HEAD; PROTEIN; EMBRYOS; MUTANT; BEETLE; ULTRABITHORAX AB In insects, the boundary between the embryonic head and thorax is formed by the dorsal ridge, a fused structure composed of portions of the maxillary and labial segments. However, the mechanisms that promote development of this unusual structure remain a mystery. In Drosophila, mutations in the Hox genes Sex combs reduced and Deformed have been reported to cause abnormal dorsal ridge formation, but the significance of these abnormalities is not clear. We have identified three mutant allele classes of Cephalothorax, the Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ortholog of Sex combs reduced, each of which has a different effect on dorsal ridge development. By using Engrailed expression to monitor dorsal ridge development in these mutants, we demonstrate that Cephalothorax promotes the fusion and subsequent dorsolateral extension of the maxillary and labial Engrailed stripes (posterior compartments) during dorsal ridge formation. Molecular and genetic analysis of these alleles indicates that the N terminus of Cephalothorax is important for the fusion step, but is dispensable for Engrailed stripe extension. Thus, we find that specific regions of Cephalothorax are required for discrete steps in dorsal ridge formation. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Denell, RE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rdenell@ksu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD029594, R01 HD029594-15, R01 HD029594] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 174 IS 1 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.058610 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 092YT UT WOS:000241134400027 PM 16849608 ER PT J AU Backstrom, N Brandstrom, M Gustafsson, L Qvarnstrom, A Cheng, H Ellegren, H AF Backstrom, Niclas Brandstrom, Mikael Gustafsson, Lars Qvarnstrom, Anna Cheng, Hans Ellegren, Hans TI Genetic mapping in a natural population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis): Conserved synteny but gene order rearrangements on the avian Z chromosome SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WILD BIRD POPULATION; CHICKEN Z-CHROMOSOME; LINKAGE MAP; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DOSAGE COMPENSATION; PASSERINE BIRD; X-CHROMOSOME; MATE CHOICE; EVOLUTION; GENOME AB Data from completely sequenced genomes are likely to open the way for novel studies of the genetics of nonmodel organisms, in particular when it comes to the identification and analysis of genes responsible for traits that are under selection in natural populations. Here we use the draft sequence of the chicken genome as a starting point for linkage mapping in a wild bird species, the collared flycatcher-one of the most well-studied avian species in ecological and evolutionary research. A pedigree of 365 flycatchers was established and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms in 23 genes selected from (and spread over most of) the chicken Z chromosome. All genes were also found to be located on the Z chromosome in the collared flycatcher, confirming conserved synteny at the level of gene content across distantly related avian lineages. This high degree of conservation mimics the situation seen for the mammalian X chromosome and may thus be a general feature in sex chromosome evolution, irrespective of whether there is male or female heterogamety. Alternatively, such unprecedented chromosomal conservation may be characteristic of most chromosomes in avian genome evolution. However, several internal rearrangements were observed, meaning that the transfer of map information from chicken to nonmodel bird species cannot always assume conserved gene orders. Interestingly, the rate of recombination on the Z chromosome of collared flycatchers was only similar to 50% that of chicken, challenging the widely held view that birds generally have high recombination rates. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Ellegren, H (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM hans.ellegren@ebc.uu.se RI Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/C-1213-2008; Backstrom, Niclas/C-8425-2012; Gustafsson, Lars/A-7634-2012; OI Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/0000-0001-6485-197X; Gustafsson, Lars/0000-0001-6566-2863; Qvarnstrom, Anna/0000-0002-1178-4053 NR 78 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 10 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 174 IS 1 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.058917 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 092YT UT WOS:000241134400033 PM 16783008 ER PT J AU Huo, NX Gu, YQ Lazo, GR Vogel, JP Coleman-Derr, D Luo, MC Thilmony, R Garvin, DF Anderson, OD AF Huo, Naxin Gu, Yong Q. Lazo, Gerard R. Vogel, John P. Coleman-Derr, Devin Luo, Ming-Cheng Thilmony, Roger Garvin, David F. Anderson, Olin D. TI Construction and characterization of two BAC libraries from Brachypodium distachyon, a new model for grass genomics SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium distachyon; BAC library; BAC end sequencing; comparative genomics; genomic mapping ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; POLYPLOID WHEAT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RICE; GENE; DNA; MAIZE AB Brachypodium. is well suited as a model system for temperate grasses because of its compact genome and a range of biological features. In an effort to develop resources for genome research in this emerging model species, we constructed 2 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from an inbred diploid Brachypodium distachyon line, Bd21, using restriction enzymes HindIII and BamHI. A total of 73 728 clones (36 864 per BAC library) were picked and arrayed in 192 384-well plates. The average insert size for the BamHI and HindIII libraries is estimated to be 100 and 105 kb, respectively, and inserts of chloroplast origin account for 4.4% and 2.4%, respectively. The libraries individually represent 9.4- and 9.9-fold haploid genome equivalents with combined 19.3-fold genome coverage, based on a genome size of 355 Mb reported for the diploid Brachypodium, implying a 99.99% probability that any given specific sequence will be present in each library. Hybridization of the libraries with 8 starch biosynthesis genes was used to empirically evaluate this theoretical genome coverage; the frequency at which these genes were present in the library clones gave an estimated coverage of 11.6- and 19.6-fold genome equivalents. To obtain a first view of the sequence composition of the Brachypodium genome, 2185 BAC end sequences (BES) representing 1.3 Mb of random genomic sequence were compared with the NCBI GenBank database and the GIRI repeat database. Using a cutoff expectation value of E < 10(-10), only 3.3% of the BESs showed similarity to repetitive sequences in the existing database, whereas 40.0% had matches to the sequences in the EST database, suggesting that a considerable portion of the Brachypodium genome is likely transcribed. When the BESs were compared with individual EST databases, more matches hit wheat than maize, although their EST collections are of a similar size, further supporting the close relationship between Brachypodium and the Triticeae. Moreover, 122 BESs have significant matches to wheat ESTs mapped to individual chromosome bin positions. These BACs represent colinear regions containing the mapped wheat ESTs and would be useful in identifying additional markers for specific wheat chromosome regions. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gu, YQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 80 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ygu@pw.usda.gov RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Luo, Ming-Cheng/0000-0002-9744-5887; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1099 EP 1108 DI 10.1139/G06-087 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 108AL UT WOS:000242212000005 PM 17110990 ER PT J AU Wu, J Norvell, WA Welch, RM AF Wu, J. Norvell, W. A. Welch, R. M. TI Kriging on highly skewed data for DTPA-extractable soil Zn with auxiliary information for pH and organic carbon SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE skewed distribution; transformation; zinc availability; ordinary kriging; log-normal; rank order; normal score; cokriging; auxiliary variables ID CONTAMINATED SITE; COPPER; INTERPOLATION; CADMIUM; ZINC; GEOSTATISTICS; NUTRITION; LEAD AB Knowledge of the distribution of crop-available trace elements in soils is limited by the sparseness of georeferenced data and the inherent variability of the more-labile forms of these elements. Cokriging with auxiliary variables can sometimes improve estimates for a less densely sampled primary variable, while skewed data can often be made more suitable for geostatistical modeling by appropriate transformation. Benefits from data transformation and cokriging in predicting Zn(DTPA) (an estimate of plant-available Zn, extracted from soil by the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) were assessed using a georeferenced set of data from northern North Dakota. Soil organic carbon (OC) and pH were used as auxiliary variables for cokriging. Data for Zn(DTPA), OC and pH were available for 587 locations. The statistical distribution of the data for Zn(DTPA) was highly skewed (approximately log-normal). Three methods of data transformation (computation of logarithms, conversion to standardized rank order and assignment of normal scores) were carried out prior to kriging or cokriging to reduce skewness. For comparisons of predictive success, the Zn(DTPA) data were partitioned into a predictor set of 293 sites and a testing set of 294 sites, according to a stratified randomized approach. Data for Zn(DTPA) in the testing set were reserved for testing estimates based on the predictor set. Cokriging on Zn(DTPA), using OC or pH as auxiliary variables, was consistently more effective than kriging on Zn(DTPA) alone. Cokriging with OC and pH together provided additional benefit. Data transformation generally improved kriged estimates, especially for low concentrations of Zn(DTPA) (e.g., < 0.5 mg kg(-1)), which are important because they are indicative of soils containing inadequate Zn for optimal crop growth. Differences among normal score cokriging, log-normal cokriging and rank-ordered cokriging were relatively small. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Norvell, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM WANI@cornell.edu NR 30 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2006 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.11.002 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 068DA UT WOS:000239351100016 ER PT J AU Hughes, RF Archer, SR Asner, GP Wessman, CA McMurtry, C Nelson, J Ansley, RJ AF Hughes, R. Flint Archer, Steven R. Asner, Gregory P. Wessman, Carol A. McMurtry, Chad Nelson, Jim Ansley, R. James TI Changes in aboveground primary production and carbon and nitrogen pools accompanying woody plant encroachment in a temperate savanna SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANPP; biomass; facilitation; productivity; Prosopis glandulosa; sequestration; soil nitrogen; soil organic carbon; tree-grass interactions; woody plant encroachment ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; HONEY MESQUITE; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; NORTHERN-TERRITORY; SOIL RESPIRATION; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; GRASSLANDS AB When woody plant abundance increases in grasslands and savannas, a phenomenon widely observed worldwide, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools increase, decrease, or remain the same. We estimated ANPP and C and N pools in aboveground vegetation and surface soils on shallow clay and clay loam soils undergoing encroachment by Prosopis glandulosa in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Aboveground Prosopis C and N mass increased linearly, and ANPP increased logarithmically, with stand age on clay loam soils; on shallow clays, Prosopis C and N mass and ANPP all increased linearly with stand age. We found no evidence of an asymptote in trajectories of C and N accumulation or ANPP on either soil type even following 68 years of stand development. Production and accumulation rates were lower on shallow clay sites relative to clay loam sites, suggesting strong edaphic control of C and N accumulation associated with woody plant encroachment. Response of herbaceous C mass to Prosopis stand development also differed between soil types. Herbaceous C declined with increasing aboveground Prosopis C on clay loams, but increased with increasing Prosopis C on shallow clays. Total ANPP (Prosopis+herbaceous) of sites with the highest Prosopis basal area were 1.2x and 4.0x greater than those with the lowest Prosopis basal area on clay loam and shallow clay soils, respectively. Prosopis ANPP more than offset declines in herbaceous ANPP on clay loams and added to increased herbaceous ANPP on shallow clays. Although aboveground C and N pools increased substantially with Prosopis stand development, we found no corresponding change in surface soil C and N pools (0-10 cm). Overall, our findings indicate that Prosopis stand development significantly increases ecosystem C and N storage/cycling, and the magnitude of these impacts varied with stand age, soil type and functional plant traits. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76384 USA. RP Hughes, RF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM fhughes@fs.fed.us RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 75 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1733 EP 1747 DI 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2006.01210.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077CM UT WOS:000240005300014 ER PT J AU Atlantis, E Chow, CM Kirby, A Singh, MAF AF Atlantis, Evan Chow, Chin-Moi Kirby, Adrienne Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Worksite intervention effects on physical health: a randomized controlled trial SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE exercise; health promotion; waist circumference; aerobic fitness ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; WEIGHT-LOSS; SHIFT WORK; CARE EXPENDITURES; AEROBIC EXERCISE; LIFE-STYLE; FITNESS; WOMEN; RISK; PROGRAM AB Overweight and physical inactivity are risk factors for increased disease burden and health care expenditure. Well-designed studies are still needed to determine the treatment efficacy of worksite interventions targeting such risk factors. This randomized controlled trial was conducted at one of Australia's casinos in 2002-2003, to investigate the effects of a comprehensive exercise and lifestyle intervention on physical fitness. Only 6.4% of the workforce expressed interest in being study participants. Seventy-three employees (aged 32 +/- 8 years, 51% overweight/ obese, 73% shift workers and 52% women) were recruited and randomized to treatment or wait-list control groups for 24 weeks, 44 of whom completed the intervention. Components of the intervention include supervised moderate-to-high intensity exercise including combined aerobic (at least 20 min duration 3 days/week) and weighttraining (for an estimated 30 min completed 2-3 days/week), and dietary/health education (delivered via group seminars, one-on-one counselling and literature through the provision of a worksite manual). ANCOVA, by intention-to-treat and of study completers, found significant between-group differences in the mean waist circumference and predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), favouring the intervention, but effects were concentrated in one subject. For study completers, between-group differences in the mean waist circumference (82.3 +/- 9.2 versus 90.5 +/- 17.8 cm, p = 0.01) and predicted VO2max (47 versus 41 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001) remained significant without the outlier, favouring the intervention. Higher intervention compliance predicted greater improvements in physical fitness. No significant effects on body mass or body mass index were found. This worksite intervention significantly improved waist circumference and aerobic fitness in healthy but sedentary employees, most of whom were shift workers. Worksite interventions have the potential to counter the increasing burden of overweight and obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, as well as physical inactivity; however, substantial barriers to adoption/adherence need to be overcome for greater feasibility and impact on employee physical health. C1 Univ Sydney, Natl Hlth & Med Res Counsel, Clin Trials Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. EM E.Atlantis@fhs.usyd.edu.au RI Atlantis, Evan/D-8338-2012; Chow, Chin Moi/B-2971-2013 OI Chow, Chin Moi/0000-0001-9916-9882 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1093/heapro/dal012 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 078HT UT WOS:000240094000004 PM 16595619 ER PT J AU Milanovich, JR Trauth, SE Saugey, DA Jordan, RR AF Milanovich, Joseph R. Trauth, Stanley E. Saugey, David A. Jordan, Robyn R. TI Fecundity, reproductive ecology, and influence of precipitation on clutch size in the western slimy salamander (Plethodon albagula) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; fecundity; nest securing; nest site fidelity; precipitation; Plethodon albagula; Plethodontidae; reproduction ID RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; LIFE-HISTORY; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; BREEDING MIGRATION; GENUS PLETHODON; CNEMIDOPHORUS-TIGRIS; MOUNTAIN SALAMANDER; BROODING BEHAVIOR; FOOD LIMITATION; CINEREUS AB We investigated the reproductive ecology of the western slimy salamander (Plethodon albagula) in an abandoned mine shaft in the Ouachita National Forest of south-central Arkansas. The mine habitat provided an opportunity to observe nesting behavior, quantify reproductive output, and evaluate the influence of precipitation on fecundity for a population of P. albagula that utilize this particular mine shaft to brood and defend egg clutches. We collected reproductive data on 372 clutches between 1982 and 2004. There was no relationship between the number of eggs per egg clutch versus egg size; snout-vent length, body mass, and tail length were not correlated with clutch size. Thirteen females were found to exhibit nest site fidelity, and 10 females exhibited nest securing. Neither nest site fidelity nor nest securing was found to influence reproductive output by females. The amount of precipitation one year prior to oviposition was correlated with the average number of eggs per clutch. It appears, therefore, that precipitation influences fecundity in this population. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. US Forest Serv, Jessieville, AR 71949 USA. RP Milanovich, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM joemilanovich@yahoo.com NR 80 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1655/0018-0831(2006)62[292:FREAIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 102IJ UT WOS:000241803900005 ER PT J AU Spickler, JC Sillett, SC Marks, SB Welsh, HH AF Spickler, James C. Sillett, Stephen C. Marks, Sharyn B. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI EVIDENCE OF A NEW NICHE FOR A NORTH AMERICAN SALAMANDER: ANEIDES VAGRANS RESIDING IN THE CANOPY OF OLD-GROWTH REDWOOD FOREST SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aneides vagrans; A. ferreus; Sequoia sempervirens; forest canopy; arboreal habitat use; salamander AB We investigated habitat use and movements of the wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans,in an old-growth forest canopy. We conducted a mark-recapture study of salamanders in the crowns of five large redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California. This represented a first attempt to document the residency and behavior of A. vagrans in a canopy environment. We placed litter bags on 65 fern (Polypodium scouleri) mats, covering 10% of their total surface area in each tree. Also, we set cover boards on one fern mat in each of two trees. We checked cover objects 2-4 times per month during fall and winter seasons. We marked 40 individuals with elastomer tags and recaptured 13. Only one recaptured salamander moved (vertically 7 m) from its original point of capture. We compared habitats associated with salamander captures using correlation analysis and stepwise regression. At the tree-level, the best predictor of salamander abundance was water storage by fern mats. At the fern mat-level, the presence of cover boards accounted for 85% of the variability observed in captures. Population estimates indicated that individual trees had up to 29 salamanders. Large fern mats have high water-holding capacities, which likely enable year-round occupation of the canopy by A. vagrans. Other observations indicate that A. vagrans and its close relative A. ferreus also occupy additional habitats in forest canopies, especially moist cavities inside decaying wood. C1 [Spickler, James C.; Sillett, Stephen C.; Marks, Sharyn B.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Spickler, JC (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station, Save-the-Redwoods League, and Global Forest Science [GF-18-1999-65] FX We thank the U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station, Save-the-Redwoods League, and Global Forest Science (GF-18-1999-65) for grants supporting this research. We also thank Cameron Williams, Marie Antoine, and Nolan Bowman for assistance with fieldwork. We appreciate the co-operation of the California Department of Fish and Game (permit SCP#003419) and the Redwood National and State Parks (permit REDW1999Sillett) in support of this research. This project was conducted under Humboldt State University IACUC permit number 00/01.B.3I. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 19 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15VU UT WOS:000207830300005 ER PT J AU Wagenbrenner, JW MacDonald, LH Rough, D AF Wagenbrenner, J. W. MacDonald, L. H. Rough, D. TI Effectiveness of three post-fire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE post-fire rehabilitation; erosion; ground cover; straw mulch; seeding; contour felling ID WATER REPELLENCY; SEDIMENT YIELD; EROSION; RUNOFF; WILDFIRE; FOREST; WASHINGTON; RAINFALL; FIRE AB Post-fire rehabilitation treatments are commonly implemented after high-severity wildfires, but few data are available about the efficacy of these treatments. This study assessed post-fire erosion rates and the effectiveness of seeding, straw mulching, and contour felling in reducing erosion after a June 2000 wildfire northwest of Loveland, Colorado. Site characteristics and sediment yields were measured on 12 burned and untreated control plots and 22 burned and treated plots from 2000 to 2003. The size of the hillslope plots ranged from 0.015 to 0.86 ha. Sediment yields varied significantly by treatment and were most closely correlated with the amount of ground cover. On the control plots the mean sediment yield declined from 6-10 Mg ha(-1) in the first two years after burning to 1.2 Mg ha(-1) in 2002 and 0.7 Mg ha(-1) in 2003. Natural regrowth caused the amount of ground cover on the control plots to increase progressively from 33% in fall 2000 to 88% in fall 2003. Seeding had no effect on either the amount of ground cover or sediment yields. Mulching reduced sediment yields by at least 95% relative to the control plots in 2001, 2002, and 2003, and the lower sediment yields are attributed to an immediate increase in the amount of ground cover in the mulched plots. The contour-felling treatments varied considerably in the quality of installation, and sediment storage capacities ranged from 7 to 32 m(3) ha(-1). The initial contour-felling treatment did not reduce sediment yields when subjected to a very large storm event, but sediment yields were significantly reduced by a contour-felling treatment installed after this large storm. The results indicate that contour felling may be able to store much of the sediment generated in an average year, but will not reduce sediment yields from larger storms. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP MacDonald, LH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM leemac@cnr.colostate.edu RI Wagenbrenner, Joseph/A-6404-2014 NR 56 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 14 BP 2989 EP 3006 DI 10.1002/hyp.6146 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 086GM UT WOS:000240661800006 ER PT J AU Barclay, T Gray, J Ekblad, S Strand, E Richter, J AF Barclay, Tom Gray, Jim Ekblad, Steve Strand, Eric Richter, Jeffrey TI Designing and building TerraService SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB A few simple rules guide the design of Web services such as TerraService, a geospatial service added to Microsoft's popular TerraServer database. By sticking to standards-based tools, the authors were able to implement the Web service with no major structural changes to the database. Because it conforms to the "1-to-10 Kbytes in one second" guideline, TerraService offers a highly acceptable user experience. The success of two US Department of Agriculture applications that bridge the Web service and the database demonstrates the astuteness of the authors' design principles. C1 Microsoft Corp, Bay Area Res Ctr, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ctr Informat Technol, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Barclay, T (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, Bay Area Res Ctr, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM tbarclay@microsoft.com; gray@microsoft.com; ekblad@ftc.usda.gov; ejs@synergetics.com; jeffreyr@wintellect.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 EI 1941-0131 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MIC.2006.95 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 086NB UT WOS:000240679200004 ER PT J AU Stafford, JL Bengten, E Du Pasquier, L McIntosh, RD Quiniou, SM Clem, LW Miller, NW Wilson, M AF Stafford, James L. Bengten, Eva Du Pasquier, Louis McIntosh, Robin D. Quiniou, Sylvie M. Clem, L. W. Miller, Norman W. Wilson, Melanie TI A novel family of diversified immunoregulatory receptors in teleosts is homologous to both mammalian Fc receptors and molecules encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE evolution; molecular immunology; Ihibitory receptors; innate immunity; teleosts ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CELL INHIBITORY RECEPTORS; NK-LIKE CELLS; CHANNEL CATFISH; B-CELLS; CYTOTOXIC-CELLS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Three novel and closely related leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITR) have been identified in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). These receptors belong to a large polymorphic and polygenic subset of the Ig superfamily with members located on at least three independently segregating loci. Like mammalian and avian innate immune regulatory receptors, IpLITRs have both putative inhibitory and stimulatory forms, with multiple types coexpressed in various lymphoid tissues and clonal leukocyte cell lines. IpLITRs have an unusual and novel relationship to mammalian and avian innate immune receptors: the membrane distal Ig domains of an individual IpLITR are related to fragment crystallizable receptors (FcRs) and FcR-like proteins, whereas the membrane proximal Ig domains are related to several leukocyte receptor complex encoded receptors. This unique composition of Ig domains within individual receptors supports the hypothesis that functionally and genomically distinct immune receptor families found in tetrapods may have evolved from such ancestral genes by duplication and recombination events. Furthermore, the discovery of a large heterogeneous family of immunoregulatory receptors in teleosts, reminiscent of amphibian, avian, and mammalian Ig-like receptors, suggests that complex innate immune receptor networks have been conserved during vertebrate evolution. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Zool, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. USDA ARS, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM mwilson@microbio.umsmed.edu RI Stafford, James/A-3759-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI-19530, R01 AI019530] NR 56 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 58 IS 9 BP 758 EP 773 DI 10.1007/s00251-006-0134-1 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 081KT UT WOS:000240317200006 PM 16845542 ER PT J AU Aynalem, HM Righetti, TL Reed, BM AF Aynalem, Hailu M. Righetti, Timothy L. Reed, Barbara M. TI Iron formulation affects in vitro storage of hops: An image analysis SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE cold storage; germplasm; hops; Humulus; image analysis; micropropagation ID COLD-STORAGE; SHOOT; CRYOPRESERVATION; GERMPLASM; SURVIVAL; CULTURES; INVITRO; NITRATE AB In vitro-stored plant germplasm is usually evaluated by visual analysis of the plant based on subjective characters. To reduce the variability in these evaluations, we developed a digital-image evaluation system for in vitro-stored plantlets. This study compares the standard visual evaluation system with a digital analysis system to determine if digital analysis can effectively quantify the health of diverse Humulus germplasm. Eight cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. were stored on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with iron alone (EDTA chelated) and on MS iron with 100 or 200 mg l(-1) sequestrene 138 iron (EDDHA chelated). Digital images of the upper two nodes of each plantlet were evaluated for red, green, blue, green/red ratio, and modified normalized difference vegetation index (MNDVI=R-G/R+G). Evaluation of each plantlet for MNDVI values showed consistent significant differences for all treatments only at the upper node. Significant differences for visual and the MNDVI values among the three iron treatments were observed at the upper node of most of the eight hop cultivars. Regression analysis of the upper node MNDVI values vs. whole-plant visual ratings showed positive correlations for most cultivars. Effects of iron treatments on storage duration were also analyzed for both visual and digital systems. There were significant differences among MNDVI values for plantlets stored on medium with standard MS iron alone (EDTA chelated) and with the addition of sequestrene 138 iron. In general, the MNDVI value of the upper node correlated well with visual ratings and could be used to determine the health of in vitro stored hops. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@arsgrin.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1079/IVP2006798 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 108CM UT WOS:000242217900007 ER PT J AU Morrison, WH Holser, R Akin, DE AF Morrison, W. Herbert, III Holser, Ronald Akin, Danny E. TI Cuticular wax from flax processing waste with hexane and super critical carbon dioxide extractions SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE flax; hexane extraction; policosanols; super critical fluid extraction AB The waste material produced when flax fiber is processed has potentially valuable co-products. The dust was extracted with CO2 under super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) conditions or hexane to isolate the cuticular waxes that contain policosanols. Policosanol is a general term for long chain alcohols and have been shown to improve blood chemistry. SCFE yielded 7.4% wax compared with 4.0% with hexane. There were slight but statistical differences in extract compositions for C-20, C-22, and C-26 alcohols and larger significant differences for C-16, C-18, and C-20 fatty acids depending upon the extraction methods used. Recovery of wax from the waste produced from flax processing can provide an attractive value added product with positive health benefits. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Morrison, WH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM whmorrison@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.11.001 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 083TW UT WOS:000240482100004 ER PT J AU Asmundsson, IM Dubey, JP Rosenthal, BM AF Asmundsson, Ingrid M. Dubey, J. P. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI A genetically diverse but distinct North American population of Sarcocystis neurona includes an overrepresented clone described by 12 microsatellite alleles SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; Sarcocystis falcatula; microsatellites; population structure; population genetics; Toxoplasma gondii; Coccidia; Didelphis; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; N-SP PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; FALCATULA; ALBIVENTRIS; HORSES; MYELITIS; BRAZIL; AGENT AB The population genetics and systematics of most coccidians remain poorly defined despite their impact on human and veterinary health. Nonrecombinant parasite clones characterized by distinct transmission and pathogenesis traits persist in the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii despite opportunities for sexual recombination. In order to determine whether this may be generally true for tissue-cyst forming coccidia, and to address evolutionary and taxonomic problems within the genus Sarcocystis, we characterized polymorphic microsatellite markers in Sarcocystis neurona, the major causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Bayesian statistical modeling, phylogenetic reconstruction based on genotypic chord distances, and analyses of linkage disequilibrium were employed to examine the population structure within S. neurona and closely related Sarcocystis falcatula isolates from North and South America. North American S. neurona were clearly differentiated from those of South America and also from isolates of S. falcatula. Although S. neurona is characterized by substantial allelic and genotypic diversity typical of interbreeding populations, one genotype occurs with significantly excessive frequency; thus, some degree of asexual propagation of S. neurona clones may naturally occur. Finally, S. neurona isolated from disparate North American localities and diverse hosts (opossums, a Southern sea otter, and horses) comprise a single genetic population. Isolates associated with clinical neurological disease bear no obvious distinction as measured by these presumably neutral genetic markers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosenthal, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1180,Rm 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brosenth@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.01.001 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 068IQ UT WOS:000239367500003 PM 16488197 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lesak, AA Felix, Z Schweitzer, CJ AF Wang, Yong Lesak, Adrian A. Felix, Zachary Schweitzer, Callie Jo TI A preliminary analysis of the response of an avian community to silvicultural treatments in the southern Cumberland Plateau, Alabama, USA SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian community; biodiversity; Cumberland Plateau; forestry; silviculture AB We simulated a shelterwood forest regeneration treatment by reducing basal area, and monitored the response of an avian community in oak-hickory forest on the southern Cumberland Plateau, northern Alabama, USA. We used five treatments: control (no removal), clear-cut (100% removal), and 25, 50, and 75% removal of basal area. Territory mapping was used to quantify bird community between mid-April and July of both 2002 and 2003. Microclimate variables were recorded at each plot. The residual basal area and canopy cover showed three distinct conditions after treatment: closed canopy, open forest, and clear-cut. The microclimate varied among treatments: air temperature was highest in clear-cut plots and lowest in control plots, whereas soil moisture had the opposite pattern. A total of 71 bird species were detected, with 36 of them defending territories. Territory density, species richness, and Shannon diversity index differed among the treatments; the relationship between these bird community indices and the level of basal area removal was quadratic, lowest in the clear-cut plots and highest in the intermediate levels. Although species richness was similar among the control, 25, 50, and 75% removal treatments, species composition varied. The richness difference among treatments became smaller in the second year post-treatment (2003) with an increase in bird density and richness occurring in the clear-cut plots. C1 [Wang, Yong; Lesak, Adrian A.; Felix, Zachary] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Schweitzer, Callie Jo] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Dept Agr, Normal, AL USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, POB 1927, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM yong.wang@email.aamu.edu FU Alabama AM University; Southern Research Station of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, USA FX This research was supported by Alabama A&M University and Southern Research Station of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, USA. Thanks go to the land management personnel of Mead Westvaco Corporation for their invaluable expertise and assistance with the application of the treatments. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2006.00027.x PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V28LP UT WOS:000208682600004 PM 21396005 ER PT J AU Hartz, DA Brazel, AJ Heisler, GM AF Hartz, Donna A. Brazel, Anthony J. Heisler, Gordon M. TI A case study in resort climatology of Phoenix, Arizona, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; human comfort; OUTCOMES model; resorts; urban heat island ID PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; INDEX AB Tourists often use weather data as a factor for determining vacation timing and location. Accuracy and perceptions of weather information may impact these decisions. This study: (a) examines air temperature and dew points from seven exclusive resorts in the Phoenix metropolitan area and compares them with official National Weather Service data for the same period, and (b) utilizes a comfort model called OUTCOMES-OUTdoor COMfort Expert System-in a seasonal appraisal of two resorts, one mesic and one xeric, compared with the urban Sky Harbor International Airport first-order weather station site in the central urban area of Phoenix, Arizona, USA (lat. 33.43 degrees N; long. 112.02 degrees W; elevation at 335 m). Temperature and humidity recording devices were placed within or immediately adjacent to common-use areas of the resorts, the prime recreational sites used by guests on most resort properties. Recorded data were compared with that of the official weather information from the airport station, a station most accessible to potential tourists through media and Web sites, to assess predicted weather for vacation planning. For the most part, Sky Harbor's recorded air temperatures and often dew points were higher than those recorded at the resorts. We extrapolate our findings to a year-round estimate of human outdoor comfort for weather-station sites typical of resort landscapes and the Sky Harbor location using the OUTCOMES model to refine ideas on timing of comfortable conditions at resorts on a diurnal and seasonal basis. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Off Climatol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Off Climatol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. SUNY Syracuse, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Hartz, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM donna.hartz@asu.edu NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00484-006-0036-9 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 080YF UT WOS:000240283700007 PM 16832655 ER PT J AU Krause-Gruszczynska, M Rohde, M Hartig, R Schmidt, G Miller, WG Blaser, MJ Konig, W Backert, S AF Krause-Gruszczynska, M. Rohde, M. Hartig, R. Schmidt, G. Miller, W. G. Blaser, M. J. Konig, W. Backert, S. TI Role of the small Rho GTPases Racl and Cdc42 in epithelial cell invasion of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Conference of the German-Society-of-Hygiene-and-Microbiology CY OCT, 2006 CL Wurzburg, GERMANY SP German Soc Hyg & Microbiol C1 Univ Magdeburg, Dept Med Mikrobiol, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. German Res Ctr Biotechnol, GBF, Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Magdeburg, Dept Immunol, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, NY USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. VA Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 296 SU 42 BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 097JE UT WOS:000241442600337 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A Montes, B Stewart, D AF Eggleston, Gillian Monge, Adrian Montes, Belisario Stewart, David TI Factory trials to optimize the application of dextranase in raw sugar manufacture: Part I SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Application of commercial dextranase to hydrolyze dextran in U.S. sugar manufacture is still not optimized, partly because of confusion about which enzyme to use, and how and where to add the enzyme. Until recently, there was no uniform method to measure the activity of dextranases, but several factories are now successfully using the Eggleston factory titration method to 1) compare economically equivalent activities of different dextranases, 2) measure the activity of delivered batches, and 3) monitor the changing activities on factory storage. An approximate 14 to 20-fold difference in activity existed between the "non-concentrated" and "concentrated" forms of commercial dextranases used in 2004. Factory trials to optimize dextranase applications were conducted in the 2004 Louisiana processing season. As a previous laboratory study showed dextranase applications to syrup were uneconomical, only juice applications were studied. Results are reported from a factory that applies dextranase to a 5 min retention time tank adjacent to a mixed juice tank receiving juice from the 1st and 2nd mills. Higher dosages of dextranase were required in the factory than in laboratory. Working solutions of "concentrated" dextranase were required to improve contact between the enzyme and substrate (dextranase/dextran), and are more cost-effective than applying a "non-concentrated" dextranase undiluted. Working solutions can be easily prepared with tap or distilled water and are stable up to 24 h maximum; if prepared with a 24 degrees Brix raw sugar solution they are stable for 140 h. Greater levels of dextran improve hydrolysis by dextranase because of lower enzyme/substrate contact ratios. The factory had relatively high levels of antibody dextran (>1000 ppm/degrees Brix) in juice, and the application of 6 ppm (normalized to the original enzyme activity) of 2 or 5-fold working solutions of "concentrated"dextranase (52,000 DU/ml) were successful in hydrolyzing 70-94% dextran. C1 ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. Alma Plantat LLC, Lakeland, LA 70752 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1293 BP 528 EP + PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 084YG UT WOS:000240569700018 ER PT J AU Nettleton, D Hwang, JTG Caldo, RA Wise, RP AF Nettleton, Dan Hwang, J. T. Gene Caldo, Rico A. Wise, Roger P. TI Estimating the number of true null hypotheses from a histogram of p values SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE false discovery rate; microarray data; multiple testing ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA MICROARRAY; PROPORTION; GENOMICS; TESTS; RATES AB In an earlier article, an intuitively appealing method for estimating the number of true null hypotheses in a multiple test situation was proposed. That article presented an iterative algorithm that relies on a histogram of observed p values to obtain the estimator. We characterize the limit of that iterative algorithm and show that the estimator can be computed directly without iteration. We compare the performance of the histogram-based estimator with other procedures for estimating the number of true null hypotheses from a collection of observed p values and find that the histogram-based estimator performs well in settings similar to those encountered in microarray data analysis. We demonstrate the approach using p values from a large microarray experiment aimed at uncoverifig molecular mechanisms of barley resistance to a fungal pathogen. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Stat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nettleton, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dnett@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3 BP 337 EP 356 DI 10.1198/108571106X129135 PG 20 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 149ND UT WOS:000245152700007 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Purswell, JL Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Purswell, J. L. Branton, S. L. TI Growth responses of male broilers subjected to high air velocity for either twelve or twenty-four hours from thirty-seven to fifty-one days of age SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE air velocity; broiler; temperature; ventilation ID HIGH DEW-POINT; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE AB Heat stress contributes to increased late-mortality and decreased growth of broilers grown during hot weather. Tunnel ventilation is commonly used to alleviate heat stress by increasing sensible heat loss. As broilers approach heavy BW (> 2.5 kg) in hot weather, operating tunnel ventilation continuously as opposed to only during times of high ambient temperature may improve growth rate and nutrient utilization. This study evaluated growth responses of male broilers subjected to high air velocity (2.79 m/s) for either 12 or 24 h from 37 to 51 d of age. The experimental treatments were 1) control (still air), 2) air velocity of 1.65 m/s (325 ft/min) for 12 h and 2.79 m/s for 12 h, and 3) air velocity of 2.79 m/s (550 ft/min) for 24 h. A cyclical temperature regimen of 25-30-25 degrees C (77-86-77 degrees F) was used with a constant 23 degrees C dew point. Providing continuous high air velocity of 2.79 m/s from 37 to 51 d of age led to a 112-g increase in BW gain and decreased feed conversion ratio by 15 points compared with subjecting broilers to high air velocity of 2.79 m/s for only 12 h. Broilers subjected to both high and low air velocity improved BW gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion over the control birds. These results indicate that continuous ventilation at high air velocity improves BW gain and feed conversion ratio of heavy broilers during the last 2 wk of the grow-out. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 362 EP 366 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400002 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Price, CJ Kidd, MT Corzo, A Anderson, J Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Price, C. J. Kidd, M. T. Corzo, A. Anderson, J. Branton, S. L. TI Growth performance, meat yield, and economic responses of broilers fed diets varying in metabolizable energy from thirty to fifty-nine days of age SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; dietary energy; feeding regimen; metabolizable energy; nutrient density; temperature ID AMINO-ACID DENSITY; MODERATE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; LIVE PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN RATIO; CHICK GROWTH; FAT; CARCASS; TURKEYS; REQUIREMENTS AB Two studies examined responses of broilers to diets varying in AME from 30 to 59 d of age. A 59-d termination allows for evaluation of energy needs applicable to "big bird" programs, because research on nutritional needs for such programs is warranted. Two experiments were conducted: experiment (exp.) 1 having low temperatures whereas exp. 2 used moderate temperatures. The treatments in exp. 1 and 2 were AME concentrations ranging from 3,175 to 3,310 kcal/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being identical across all treatments. In exp. 2, an additional treatment consisted of a diet containing 3,310 kcal of AME/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being increased by 4% of those specifications used in the other treatments so as to minimize differences in energy:CP ratio. In both experiments, feed consumption and conversion decreased linearly as dietary AME increased, but breast meat yield was reduced with the high AME diet and only increasing amino acids in exp. 2 ameliorated the negative effect. Live production costs and gross feeding margin (bird return over feed costs) were optimized in exp. 1 with 3,220 kcal of AME/kg of diet, but 3,310 kcal of AME/kg of diet and increased amino acids were needed in exp. 2 for improved monetary returns. In both experiments, broilers had similar caloric consumption indicating that these broilers can compensate to varying dietary AME concentrations within practical limits. These results demonstrated that the response to dietary AME was more pronounced under moderate ambient temperatures. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Sanderson Farms Inc, Laurel, MS 39441 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 367 EP 382 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400003 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Kidd, MT Corzo, A Anderson, J Branton, SL AF Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. Corzo, A. Anderson, J. Branton, S. L. TI Growth performance, meat yield, and economic responses of broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from thirty-six to fifty-nine days of age SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; feeding regimen; lysine; methionine; nutrient density ID LIVE PERFORMANCE; LYSINE LEVELS; CARCASS; STARTER; CHICKS AB Providing broilers diets formulated to a high amino acid density early in life improves subsequent growth performance and meat yield. Diets formulated to high amino acid concentrations beyond 5 wk of age may increase breast meat yield but may not be economically justified. This study examined growth, meat yield, and economic responses of broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from 36 to 59 d of age. Birds were given a 4-phase feeding program: starter (1 to 17 d), grower (18 to 35 d), withdrawal-1 (WD1; 36 to 47 d), and withdrawal-2 (WD2; 48 to 59 d of age). All birds were fed a common, high amino acid density diet to 35 d of age (HH). Broilers were provided diets characterized as being high (H), moderate (M), or low (L) in amino acid density for the WD1 and WD2 periods. Dietary treatments were HHHH, HHHM, HHHL, HHMM, HHML, and HHLL from d 1 to 59, with H, M, and L representing the diets fed during each of the 4 periods (starter, grower, WD1 and WD2). Cumulative feed conversion was improved when the HHHH feeding regimen was fed, whereas other final live performance measurements were not affected. Decreasing amino acid density (HHLL and HHHL) limited yields of breast fillets, tenders, and total white meat when compared with the HHHH regimen. As amino acid density decreased from HHHH to HHHM, HHMM, and HHML, carcass yield and breast meat yield were not affected. In general, providing the HHHH feeding regimen increased economic gross feeding margin compared with the other dietary treatments. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 383 EP 393 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400004 ER PT J AU Downs, KM Lien, RJ Hess, JB Bilgili, SF Dozier, WA AF Downs, K. M. Lien, R. J. Hess, J. B. Bilgili, S. F. Dozier, W. A., III TI The effects of photoperiod length, light intensity, and feed energy on growth responses and meat yield of broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lighting; photoperiod; light intensity; feed energy; broiler; carcass characteristic ID INCREASING PHOTOPERIOD; DIETARY ENERGY; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; CARCASS COMPOSITION; ROASTER CHICKENS; LIVE PERFORMANCE; PROGRAMS; HEALTH AB A study was conducted to assess the effects of photoperiod length (constant 23L:1D vs. a photoperiod program going from decreasing to increasing quantity of light), light intensity (bright vs. a dim, reducing intensity), and feed ME levels (low vs. high) on performance and carcass characteristics of female broilers grown to 56 d. Use of a treatment with early decreasing photoperiod followed by an increasing photoperiod reduced feed consumption and subsequent BW early. However, growth compensation occurred and feed consumption and BW were similar across photoperiod treatments by study end. Likewise, reducing light intensity (from 1 to 0.25 fc) stimulated feed consumption and a subsequent BW improvement early, as compared with high-intensity (2 fc) lighting maintained at a constant level. However, the disparity in feed consumption and BW, as influenced by light intensity, did not persist throughout the growing period. Feed conversion was not noticeably affected by photoperiod or light intensity treatments. Minimal effects of lighting were observed for carcass or part yields; however, there appeared to be a subtle substitution effect between leg, wing, and breast yield influenced by lighting program. Birds exposed to the decreasing increasing photoperiod and dim, reducing light treatments yielded more leg and wing at the expense of breast. Feeding a low ME diet resulted in increased feed consumption and feed conversion. However, birds consuming a low ME diet were more uniform. No effects of treatment on mortality were measured. These data indicate that a decreasing-increasing photoperiod can be used effectively to reduce early growth, yet allow birds to compensate as they approach market age. Low intensity lighting, however, appears to stimulate early feed consumption and growth, although this effect is transitory. Furthermore, the increased feed conversion of birds grown on the low energy diet may make its use less desirable. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agribusiness & Agrisci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Downs, KM (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agribusiness & Agrisci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM kdowns@mtsu.edu NR 22 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 406 EP 416 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400006 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Berrang, ME AF Northcutt, J. K. Berrang, M. E. TI Influence of a chicken transport cage-washing system on wastewater characteristics and bacteria recovery from cage flooring SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chicken transport cage; cage contamination; bacteriology ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; BROILERS; SALMONELLA; IMMERSION; AGE AB A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an automated commercial washing system designed to clean chicken transportation cages. Surface swabs of flooring in chicken transport cages were collected before and after washing and again after sanitizer application and evaluated for recovery of bacteria. Cage wash water samples (CWW) were collected and assessed chemically and microbiologically. Washing cages significantly reduced levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli recovered from flooring by 1.3, 1.6, and 1.5 log(10) cfu/cm(2), respectively. Levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli on flooring were further reduced by 0.7, 0.6, and 0.7 log(10) cfu/cm(2) after sanitizer application. Prevalence of Salmonella on unwashed flooring (1/27 positive), washed and sanitized flooring (0/27 positive), and in the CWW(1/9 positive) was low. Prevalence of Campylobacter (7/27 positive) on unwashed flooring decreased significantly when cages were washed and sanitized (2/27 positive). Counts of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli in CWW ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 log(10) cfu/mL, and 1 of 9 CWW was positive for Campylobacter. Although the CWW collected from the second washing station appeared darker than the CWW collected from the first washing station, there was no statistical difference in total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and chemical oxygen demand. The present study demonstrates that washing and sanitizing chicken transport cages reduces, but does not completely eliminate, bacterial contamination on the flooring surface. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400012 ER PT J AU Reynnells, R AF Reynnells, R. TI Washington update SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Poultry Extension Workshop held at eht Annual Poultry-Science-Association Meeting CY 2005 CL Auburn, AL SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE animal welfare and behavior; multistate research committees; support personnel award; meetings; portfolio evaluation AB Paul Patterson is the recipient of the 2005 Poultry Extension Special Recognition Award for his exceptional contributions to regional and national extension programs over many years. Current responsibilities include the recently completed National Swine Alternative Housing project; liaison to several multistate research committees; review of grant proposals, plans of work and accomplishment reports and Hatch projects; coordination of biobased plant nutrient related workshops; and evaluation of CRIS reports. The National Extension Workshop has a long track record of accomplishment, which has been possible only through the dedicated efforts of volunteers. The Future Trends in Animal Agriculture 2005 symposium was "Certification and Education Programs: Current Status of Farm Animal Welfare." The Triennial Poultry Extension Workshop will become a biennial event in 2007. The National Poultry Waste Management Symposium was led by Mike Hulet in 2004. Susan Watkins is the coordinator for 2006; please contact Susan to volunteer. New procedures for USDA grants and deadlines can be found on the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Web site. The CSREES/Plant and Animal Systems (PAS) review of their portfolio on animal health and welfare resulted in an outstanding evaluation (95/100). Increasing demands for accountability require increased documentation by all persons in our system. Michigan State and Purdue University are providing leadership in several animal welfare educational areas, including assessment and distance education programs. The Texture Technologies Corporation Support Personnel Award recipient is JoAnna Tharrington Foegeding, North Carolina State University. This award will be sponsored by Tyson Foods, Inc. in 2006. We are achieving impressive results through cooperation and networking, which are of increasing importance. Continued teamwork and increased participation in multistate research committees is essential. C1 CSREES, USDA, PAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, R (reprint author), CSREES, USDA, PAS, 800 9th St SW,Room 3140 Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rreynnells@csrees.usda.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 467 EP 474 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101NV UT WOS:000241748400014 ER PT J AU Wang, D Portis, AR AF Wang, Dafu Portis, Archie R., Jr. TI Increased sensitivity of oxidized large isoform of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase to ADP inhibition is due to an interaction between its carboxyl extension and nucleotide-binding pocket SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; NADP-MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; COVALENT CROSS-LINKING; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; COMPLEX-FORMATION; CONTACT SITES; ATP; ARABIDOPSIS; SPINACH AB In Arabidopsis, oxidation of the large (46-kDa) isoform activase to form a disulfide bond in the C-terminal extension (C-extension) significantly increases its ADP sensitivity for both ATP hydrolysis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco) activation, thereby decreasing both activities at physiological ratios of ADP/ATP. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-extension of the oxidized large activase isoform can be cross-linked with regions containing residues that contribute to the nucleotide-binding pocket, with a higher efficiency in the presence of ADP or the absence of nucleotides than with ATP. Coupled with measurements demonstrating a redox-dependent protease sensitivity of the C-extension and a lower ATP or adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) affinity of the oxidized large isoform than either the reduced form or the smaller isoform, the results suggest that the C-extension plays an inhibitory role in ATP hydrolysis, regulated by redox changes. In contrast, the ADP affinities of the small isoform and the reduced or oxidized large isoform were similar, which indicates that the C-extension selectively interferes with the proper binding of ATP, possibly by interfering with the coordination of the gamma-phosphate. Furthermore, replacement of conserved, negatively charged residues (Asp(390), Glu(394), and Asp(401)) in the C-extension with alanine significantly reduced the sensitivities of the mutants to ADP inhibition, which suggests the involvement of electrostatic interactions between them and positively charged residues in or near the nucleotide-binding pocket. These studies provide new insights into the mechanism of redox regulation of activase by the C-extension in the large isoform. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 35 BP 25241 EP 25249 DI 10.1074/jbc.M604756200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 077LQ UT WOS:000240031300025 PM 16822862 ER PT J AU Moulton, K Lovell, F Williams, E Ryan, P Lay, DC Jansen, D Willard, S AF Moulton, Keesla Lovell, Frank Williams, Ellen Ryan, Peter Lay, Donald C., Jr. Jansen, Duco Willard, Scott TI Use of glycerol as an optical clearing agent for enhancing photonic transference and detection of Salmonella typhimurium through porcine skin SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE bioluminescence; Salmonella typhimurium; porcine skin; glycerol; optical clearing ID HYPEROSMOTIC AGENTS; COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; INFECTIONS; VIVO AB The objective of this study was to evaluate glycerol (GLY) and GLY + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to increase photonic detection of transformed Salmonella typhimurium (S. typh-lux) through porcine skin. Skin was placed on 96-well plates containing S. typh-lux, imaged (5 min) using a CCD camera, and then completely immersed in PBS, GLY, DMSO, GLY+ DMSO in a dose- and time-dependent manner and re-imaged (5 min). The percent of photonic emissions detected (treated or untreated skin relative to no skin controls) was used for analysis. Treatment for 4 h with 50% GLY-PBS and 50: 30: 20% GLY: DMSO: PBS increased photonic detection compared to untreated skin, 100% PBS, or 30: 70% DMSO: PBS. Treatment with 50% GLY in the presence of 20 and 40% DMSO (v/v with PBS) increased photonic detection compared to 50% GLY alone and in the presence of 10% DMSO: 50% GLY (v/v with PBS). Data indicate that GLY and GLY + DMSO are effective optical clearing agents on porcine skin (2 - 3 mm thick) when treated for 4 h to increase detection of emitted photons. Clearing agents such as GLY have the potential to minimize effects of porcine skin tissue as one of the photon transmittance barriers (i.e., skin, fat, muscle, and visceral tissues) in vivo. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Willard, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swillard@ads.msstate.edu RI Jansen, E. Duco/B-1894-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 AR 054027 DI 10.1117/1.2363366 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 113DB UT WOS:000242576900031 PM 17092176 ER PT J AU Hooshmand, S Devareddy, L Collins, J Perkins-Veazie, P Arjmandi, BH AF Hooshmand, S. Devareddy, L. Collins, J. Perkins-Veazie, P. Arjmandi, B. H. TI Blueberry prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S270 EP S271 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866302168 ER PT J AU Huang, DC Yang, XF Horst, RL Kremer, R AF Huang, D. C. Yang, X. F. Horst, R. L. Kremer, R. TI SiRNA specific knockdown of 25 hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25OHD(3)) 1 alpha-hydroxylase in a human melanoma metastatic tumor cells enhances invasion in vitro and skeletal metastasis in vivo. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Royal Victoria Hosp, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866300101 ER PT J AU McLean, RR Jacques, PF Selhub, J Fredman, L Tucker, KL Kiel, DP Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF McLean, R. R. Jacques, P. F. Selhub, J. Fredman, L. Tucker, K. L. Kiel, D. P. Cupples, L. A. Hannan, M. T. TI Plasma vitamin B6 and bone mineral density in elderly men and women: The Framingham study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, HNRC, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. BU, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866300201 ER PT J AU McLennan, CE Tucker, KL Qiao, N Hannan, MT AF McLennan, C. E. Tucker, K. L. Qiao, N. Hannan, M. T. TI Does net endogenous acid production (NEAP) estimated from diet vary with age and body mass index (BMI) in men and women? SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S170 EP S170 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866301212 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Bean, SR Kuhn, M AF Schober, Tilman J. Bean, Scott R. Kuhn, Manfred TI Gluten proteins from spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta) cultivars: A rheological and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography study SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE size-exclusion-HPLC (SE-HPLC; SEC); rheology; gluten proteins; spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta) ID WHEAT-FLOUR PROTEINS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; BREAD WHEATS; NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; BREADMAKING QUALITY; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; POLYMERIC PROTEIN; BIOCHEMICAL BASIS; BAKING PROPERTIES AB The aim of this study was to understand the chemistry of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) gluten in relation to its quality, to classify European spelt cultivars based on gluten quality, and to compare their protein compositions with those of modern wheats. Gluten quality of two sets of 25 spelt cultivars was studied using dynamic oscillatory and creep tests, an SDS sedimentation test, moisture content of the wet gluten and wet gluten content. These data were compared with the results of size-exclusion HPLC analyses of the spelt proteins. Significant correlations indicated that insoluble polymeric proteins (IPP) contributed resistance to deformation in creep tests, elasticity in oscillatory and creep tests, and swelling capacity of the gluten. Gliadins had the opposite effects, whereas the contribution of soluble polymeric proteins (SPP) depended on the type of test. In creep tests (strain 0.3-1.5) SPP behaved similarly to gliadins, in oscillation (strain 0.001) they tended to increase elasticity. In comparison to hard red winter wheats, spelt was characterized by lower IPP, but higher gliadins and SPP, resulting in softer and less elastic glutens. A wide variation in gluten quality was found among the spelts. Three groups could be identified by cluster analysis (one closer to modern wheat, a second typical spelt group and a third a poor quality group). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Food Technol, Sect Cereal Technol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Schober, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tilman.schober@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 67 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.05.007 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 082CX UT WOS:000240365400006 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Schmelz, EA Meagher, RL Teal, PEA AF Carroll, Mark J. Schmelz, Eric A. Meagher, Robert L. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae to volatiles from herbivore-damaged maize seedlings SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfaction; fall armyworm; plant-herbivore interactions; induction; linalool; olfactometer ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; COLORADO-POTATO-BEETLE; PARASITIC WASPS; PLANT VOLATILES; HABITAT SELECTION; HOST STRAINS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; ANTENNAL SENSILLA; INSECT HERBIVORE AB Plants respond to insect attack with the induction of volatiles that function as indirect plant defenses through the attraction of natural enemies to the herbivores. Despite the fact that volatiles are induced in response to caterpillar attack, their reciprocal effects on the host location behaviors of the same foraging herbivores are poorly understood. We examined orientation responses of sixth instar fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)] to odors from herbivore-damaged and undamaged maize seedlings (Zea mays var. Golden Queen) in y-tube olfactometer bioassays. While both damaged and undamaged maize seedlings were attractive compared with air, sixth instars preferred odors from damaged maize seedlings over odors from undamaged maize seedlings. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant volatiles revealed that linalool and 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were the major volatiles induced by FAW herbivory 6 hr after initial damage. Given its prominence in induced plants and established attractiveness to adult FAW, linalool was evaluated both as an individual attractant and as a supplemental component of whole plant odors. Volatile linalool was more attractive than air to sixth instar FAW over a broad range of release rates. FAW also responded selectively to different amounts of linalool, preferring the higher amount. The orientation preferences of FAW were readily manipulated through capillary release of linalool into the airstream of whole plant odors. FAW preferred linalool over undamaged plant odors, and linalool-supplemented plant odors over unsupplemented plant odors, indicating that olfactory preferences could be changed by alteration of a single volatile component. These results suggest that although many induced volatiles attract natural enemies of herbivores, these defenses may also inadvertently recruit more larval herbivores to an attacked plant or neighboring conspecifics. C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 72 TC 74 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1911 EP 1924 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9117-9 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 076LQ UT WOS:000239960200004 PM 16902828 ER PT J AU Jang, Y Kim, OY Koh, SJ Chae, JS Ko, YG Kim, JY Cho, H Jeong, TS Lee, WS Ordovas, JM Lee, JH AF Jang, Yangsoo Kim, Oh Yoen Koh, Soo Jeong Chae, Jey Sook Ko, Young Guk Kim, Ji Young Cho, Hongkeun Jeong, Tae-Sook Lee, Woo Song Ordovas, Jose M. Lee, Jong Ho TI The Val279Phe variant of the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 gene is associated with catalytic activities and cardiovascular disease in Korean men SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATING-FACTOR-ACETYLHYDROLASE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PLASMA PAF-ACETYLHYDROLASE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MISSENSE MUTATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; A(2); DEFICIENCY AB Context and Objective: It is unclear whether lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) exerts a pro- or antiatherogenic effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the association between Lp-PLA(2) variant (V279F and A379V) and CVD in Korean men. Design: CVD patients (n = 532) and healthy controls (n = 670) were genotyped for the Lp-PLA2 polymorphism (V279F and A379V). Main Outcome Measures: We calculated odds ratio (OR) on CVD risk and measured anthropometries, lipid profiles, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, oxidized LDL, lipid peroxides, and Lp-PLA(2) activity. Results: The presence of the 279F allele was associated with a lower risk of CVD [OR 0.646 (95% confidence interval 0.490 - 0.850), P = 0.002], and the association still remained after adjustments for age, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption [OR 0.683 (95% confidence interval 0.512 - 0.911), P = 0.009]. Lp-PLA(2) activity was lower in CVD patients taking a lipid-lowering drug (31%), those not taking a lipid-lowering drug (26%), and control subjects (23%) with the V/F genotype, compared with those with the V/V genotype. Subjects with the F/F genotype in controls and two CVD patients groups showed no appreciable enzymatic activity. Control subjects with the V/ F genotype had larger LDL particle size than those with the V/V genotype. In addition, control subjects carrying the F allele showed lower malondialdehyde concentrations. On the other hand, we found no significant relationship between A379V genotype and CVD risk. Conclusions: The association of the F279 loss of function variant with the reduced risk of CVD supports the concept that Lp-PLA2 plays a proatherogenic and causative role in CVD. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Inst Med,Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Div Cardiol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Brain Korea Project Med Sci 21, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120749, South Korea. DNA Link Ltd, Seoul 120110, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Natl Res Lab Lipid Metab & Atherosclerosis, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Inst Med,Res Inst Sci Aging, 134 Shinchon Ding, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 32 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 91 IS 9 BP 3521 EP 3527 DI 10.1210/jc.2006-0116 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 082AL UT WOS:000240358600045 PM 16787988 ER PT J AU Das, A Spackman, E Senne, D Pedersen, J Suarez, DL AF Das, Arnaresh Spackman, Erica Senne, Dennis Pedersen, Jan Suarez, David L. TI Development of an internal positive control for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus infections by real-time reverse transcription-PCR with lyophilized reagents SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; EDEMA DISEASE; PIGS; SEROGROUPS AB We developed an internal positive control (IPC) RNA to help ensure the accuracy of the detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) RNA by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR). The IPC was designed to have the same binding sites for the forward and reverse primers of the AIV matrix gene as the target amplicon, but it had a unique internal sequence used for the probe site. The amplification of the viral RNA and the IPC by RRT-PCR were monitored with two different fluorescent probes in a multiplex format, one specific for the AIV matrix gene and the other for the IPC. The RRT-PCR test was further simplified with the use of lyophilized bead reagents for the detection of AIV RNA. The RRT-PCR with the bead reagents was more sensitive than the conventional wet reagents for the detection of AIV RNA. The IPC-based RRT-PCR detected inhibitors in blood, kidney, lungs, spleen, intestine, and cloacal swabs, but not allantoic fluid, serum, or tracheal swabs The accuracy of RRT-PCR test results with the lyophilized beads was tested on cloacal and tracheal swabs from experimental birds inoculated with AIV and compared with virus isolation (VI) on embryonating chicken eggs. There was 97 to 100% agreement of the RRT-PCR test results with VI for tracheal swabs and 81% agreement with VI for cloacal swabs, indicating a high level of accuracy of the RRT-PCR assay. The same IPC in the form of armored RNA was also used to monitor the extraction of viral RNA and subsequent detection by RRT-PCR. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 16 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3065 EP 3077 DI 10.1128/JCM.00639-06 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000002 PM 16954228 ER PT J AU Page, BT Shields, CE Merz, WG Kurtzman, CP AF Page, Brent T. Shields, Christine E. Merz, William G. Kurtzman, Cletus P. TI Rapid identification of ascomycetous yeasts from clinical specimens by a molecular method based on flow cytometry and comparison with identifications from phenotypic assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; CANDIDA-FERMENTATI; COMPLEX; DNA AB This study was designed to compare the identification of ascomycetous yeasts recovered from clinical specimens by using phenotypic assays (PA) and a molecular flow cytometric (FC) method. Large-subunit rRNA domains 1 and 2 (D1/D2) gene sequence analysis was also performed and served as the reference for correct strain identification. A panel of 88 clinical isolates was tested that included representatives of nine commonly encountered species and six infrequently encountered species. The PA included germ tube production, fermentation of seven carbohydrates, morphology on corn meal agar, urease and phenoloxidase activities, and carbohydrate assimilation tests when needed. The FC method (Luminex) employed species-specific oligonucleotides attached to polystyrene beads, which were hybridized with D1/D2 amplicons from the unidentified isolates. The PA identified 81 of 88 strains correctly but misidentified 4 of Candida dubliniensis, 1 of C. bovina, 1 of C. palmioleophila, and 1 of C. bracarensis. The FC method correctly identified 79 of 88 strains and did not misidentify any isolate but did not identify nine isolates because oligonucleotide probes were not available in the current library. The FC assay takes approximately 5 h, whereas the PA takes from 2 h to 5 days for identification. In conclusion, PA did well with the commonly encountered species, was not accurate for uncommon species, and takes significantly longer than the FC method. These data strongly support the potential of FC technology for rapid and accurate identification of medically important yeasts. With the introduction of new antifungals, rapid, accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts is more important than ever for guiding antifungal chemotherapy. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Div Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov FU PHS HHS [1-0U1 A153879-01] NR 17 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3167 EP 3171 DI 10.1128/JCM.00390-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000016 PM 16954243 ER PT J AU Godden, S McMartin, S Feirtag, J Stabel, J Bey, R Goyal, S Metzger, L Fetrow, J Wells, S Chester-Jones, H AF Godden, S. McMartin, S. Feirtag, J. Stabel, J. Bey, R. Goyal, S. Metzger, L. Fetrow, J. Wells, S. Chester-Jones, H. TI Heat-treatment of bovine colostrum. II: Effects of heating duration on pathogen viability and immunoglobulin SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colostrum; pasteurization; pathogen; immunoglobulin ID MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; RAW-MILK; NEONATAL CALVES; DAIRY CALVES; ONTARIO; PASTEURIZATION; TEMPERATURE; IMMUNOASSAY; SALMONELLA; DISEASE AB Batches (30-L) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with Mycoplasma bovis (10(8) cfu/mL), Listeria monocytogenes (10(6) cfu/mL), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (10(6) cfu/mL), Salmonella enteritidis (10(6) cfu/mL), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map; 10(3) cfu/mL), were heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. Duplicate 50-mL subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for the purpose of bacterial culture and for measurement of IgG concentration (mg/mL) and antibody activity [ log(2)(bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer)]. Four replicate batches of colostrum were run for each of the 5 pathogens studied. There was no effect of heating moderate- to high-quality colostrum at 60 degrees C for at least 120 min on mean IgG concentration (pre = 60.5 mg/mL; post = 59.1 mg/mL). Similarly, there was no effect of heat-treatment on the mean log(2) bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 serum neutralization titer (pre = 12.3; post = 12.0). Viable M. bovis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7, and S. enteritidis added to colostrum could not be detected after the colostrum was heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Average bacteria counts showed that Map was not detected when batches were heated at 60 degrees C for 60 min. Although the authors believe that heat-treating colostrum at 60 degrees C for 60 min should be sufficient to eliminate Map from colostrum in most situations, further research is needed to determine whether these findings may be replicated, given that variability was observed in Map culture results. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Godden, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM godde002@umn.edu NR 27 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3476 EP 3483 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 072EY UT WOS:000239657200023 PM 16899682 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Larget, B AF Reynal, S. M. Broderick, G. A. Larget, B. TI Short communication: Effectiveness of sample duplication to control error in ruminant digestion studies SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; nutrient digestion; experimental unit; error variance ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; FLOW; MARKERS; RUMEN; PROTEIN AB Eight ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows from a study on the effect of dietary rumen-degraded protein on production and digestion of nutrients were used to assess using sample duplication to control day-to-day variation within animals and errors associated with sampling and laboratory analyses. Two consecutive pooled omasal samples, each representing a feeding cycle, were obtained from each cow in each period. The effectiveness of sample duplication in error control was tested by comparing the variance of the difference in treatment means when taking 2 samples from each cow in each period to the variance when taking only one sample. Compared with no duplication, sample duplication improved precision by reducing variance by 50, 40, 31, 23, 23, and 9% for, respectively, rumen-undegraded protein flows, ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility, microbial nonammonia N flow, microbial efficiency, organic matter flow, and organic matter truly digested in the rumen. For these same variables, reductions in the standard errors of the difference between treatment means due to sample duplication represented 100, 87, 73, 59, 58, and 27% of the predicted reductions resulting from doubling the number of experimental units without sample duplication. Sample duplication can substantially reduce experimental error originating from day-to-day variation within cows, sample collection, and laboratory analyses, thus improving statistical power in ruminant digestion studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Reynal, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sreynal@wisc.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3501 EP 3504 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 072EY UT WOS:000239657200026 PM 16899685 ER PT J AU Averill, T Rekaya, R Weigel, K AF Averill, T. Rekaya, R. Weigel, K. TI Random regression models for male and female fertility evaluation using longitudinal binary data SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE longitudinal binary data; random regression; fertility; dairy cow ID HOLSTEIN DAIRY-CATTLE; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; THRESHOLD-MODEL; COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; NORWEGIAN CATTLE; LACTATION CURVES; HEIFER FERTILITY; HERD PRODUCTION AB Alongitudinal Bayesian threshold analysis of insemination outcomes was carried out using 2 random regression models with 3 (Model 1) and 5 (Model 2) parameters to model the additive genetic values at the liability scale. All insemination events of first-parity Holstein cows were used. The outcome of an insemination event was treated as a binary response of either a success (1) or a failure (0). Thus, all breeding information for a cow, including all service sires, was included, thereby allowing for a joint evaluation of male and female fertility. An edited data set of 369,353 insemination records from 210,373 first-lactation cows was used. On the liability scale, both models included the systematic effects of herd-year, month of insemination, technician, and regressions on age of service sire and milk yield during the first 100 d of lactation. The random effects in the model were the 3 or 5 random regression coefficients specific to each cow, the permanent effect of the cow, and the service sire effect. Using Model 1, the estimated heritability of an insemination outcome decreased from 0.035 at d 50 to 0.032 at d 140 and then increased continuously with DIM. The genetic correlations for insemination success at different time points ranged from 0.83 to 0.99, and their magnitude decreased with an increase in the interval between inseminations. A similar trend was observed for heritability and genetic correlations using Model 2. However, the average estimate of heritability was much higher (0.058) than those obtained using Model 1 or a repeatability model. In addition, the estimated genetic correlations followed the same trend as Model 1, but were lower and with a higher rate of decrease when the interval between inseminations increased. The posterior mean of service sire variance was 0.01 for both models, and permanent environmental variance was 0.05 and 0.02 for Models 1 and 2, respectively. Model comparison based on the Bayes factor indicated that Model 1 was more plausible, given the data. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Natl Agr State Serv, Concord, NH 03302 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rekaya, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rrekaya@uga.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3681 EP 3689 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 072EY UT WOS:000239657200045 PM 16899704 ER PT J AU Hare, E Norman, HD Wright, JR AF Hare, E. Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. TI Survival rates and productive herd life of dairy cattle in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE survival rate; herd life; culling ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SEASONALLY CALVED HOLSTEIN; MILK-PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL SURVIVAL; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; PASTURE SYSTEMS; JERSEY COWS; LACTATION; TRAITS; LONGEVITY AB Survival rates and productive herd life were examined for 13.8 million US dairy cows that calved from January 1, 1980, through March 2, 2005. Cows that left the herd for dairy purposes or were from herds that discontinued Dairy Herd Improvement testing were excluded from any calculations to prevent underestimation of population longevity. Mean lactation length for cows without subsequently recorded lactations ranged from 205 to 235 d across breed-parity subsets and were 4 to 29 d longer for parities 2 through 7 than for parity 1. Mean survival rates were 73% to parity 2; 50% to parity 3; 32% to parity 4; and 19, 10, 5, and 2% to parities 5 through 8, respectively. The mean number of parities for Holsteins declined from 3.2 for those first calving in 1980 to 2.8 for those first calving in 1994. Mean numbers of parities for other breeds first calving in 1994 were 2.9 for Ayrshires and Brown Swiss, 2.4 for Guernseys, and 3.2 for Jerseys. Breed means for productive herd life (through parity 8) ranged from 28 to 36 mo. All regressions of mean number of parities or mean productive herd life on year were negative. The trend for decline of many of those indicators of longevity slowed or ended after the early 1990s. Between 31 (Jersey) and 39% (Guernsey) of herds were made up of first- calf heifers. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3713 EP 3720 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 072EY UT WOS:000239657200049 PM 16899708 ER PT J AU Meyer, MJ Capuco, AV Boisclair, YR Van Amburgh, ME AF Meyer, M. J. Capuco, A. V. Boisclair, Y. R. Van Amburgh, M. E. TI Estrogen-dependent responses of the mammary fat pad in prepubertal dairy heifers SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; IGF-I; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ALPHA; EXPRESSION; HORMONE; OVARIAN AB Ovaries are absolutely required for development of the mammary parenchyma (PAR) in cattle, reflecting estrogen-dependent epithelial cell proliferation. However, the estrogen receptor (ER) that mediates the mammary estrogen effects, ER alpha, is absent in proliferating epithelial cells. In the mouse, this discrepancy is explained in part by the ability of the mammary fat pad (MFP) to synthesize epithelial cell mitogens such as IGF-I in response to estrogen. Consistent with a similar role for the bovine MFP 30% of its fibroblasts and adipocytes were immunoreactive for ER alpha in prepubertal dairy heifers. To assess estrogen-dependent gene expression in the MFF, 16 prepubertal dairy heifers were randomly assigned to a 2 X 2 factorial. The first factor was ovarian status, with heifers undergoing bilateral ovariectomy or left intact at 4.6 months of age. The second factor was applied 30 days after surgery and consisted of injection of estrogen or excipient. After 3 days of injection, heifers were administered an intrajugular bolus of bromodeoxyuricline (BrdU) and slaughtered 2 h later. The estrogen injection, but not ovarian status, caused significant increases in the fraction of epithelial cells labeled with BrdU and produced tissue-specific effects on gene expression. In the PAR, estrogen injection increased IGF-I gene expression by twofold despite reductions of 50% or more in ER alpha mRNA abundance and the fraction of epithelial cells immunoreactive for ER alpha. The estrogen-dependent increase in IGF-I mRNA was greater in the MFP presumably because estrogen failed to downregulate ER alpha expression in this mammary compartment. Finally, estrogen-responsiveness of the MFP appears unique among the bovine fat depots as estrogen injection did not induce IGF-I expression in its s.c. counterpart. Our data demonstrate that the bovine MFP is highly responsive to exogenous estrogen, consistent with a role for this tissue compartment in communicating its effects on epithelial cell proliferation. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boisclair, YR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 259 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mev1@cornell.edu; yrb1@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 190 IS 3 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1677/joe.1.06883 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 095QY UT WOS:000241324000026 PM 17003282 ER PT J AU Garikipati, DK Gahr, SA Rodgers, BD AF Garikipati, Dilip K. Gahr, Scott A. Rodgers, Buel D. TI Identification, characterization, and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and myostatin-1b genes SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTEBRATE GENOME EVOLUTION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MUSCLE GROWTH; UP-REGULATION; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; FISH; PROLIFERATION AB Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Although several cDNA clones have been characterized in diffierent vertebrates, the genomic organization and bioactivity of non-mammalian homologs have not. The intron/exon organization and promoter subsequence analysis of two rainbow trout myostatin genes, rtMSTN-1a and rtMSTNT-1b (formerly 1 and 2 respectively), as well as a quantitative assessment of their embryotric, larval, and adult tissue expression profiles are reported herein. Each gene was similarly organized into three exons of 490, 368, and 1600 bp for MSTN-la and 486, 386, and 1419bp for MSTN-1b. Comparative mapping of coding regions from several vertebrate myostatin genes revealed a common organization between species, including conserved pre-mRNA splice sites; the first among the fishes and the second across all vertebrate species. In silico subsequence analysis of the promoter regions identified E-boxes and other putative myogenic response elements. However, the number and diversity of elements were considerably less than those found in mammalian promoters or in the recently characterized zebrafish MSTN-2 gene. A quantitative analysis of the embryonic expression profile for both genes indicates that rtMSTN-1a expression is consistently greater than that of rtMSTN-1b and neither gene is significantly expressed throughout gastrulation. Expression of both steadily increases fourfold during somitogenesis and subsides as this period ends. After eyeing, however, rtMSTN-1a mRNA levels ultimately rise 20-fold by day 49 and peak before hatching and yolk sac absorption (YSA). Levels of rtMSTN-1b rise similarly, but do not peak before YSA. An analysis of adult (2-year-old fish) tissue expression indicates that both transcripts are present in most tissues although levels are highest in brain, testes, eyes, muscle, and surprisingly, spleen. These studies suggest that strong selective pressures have preserved the genomic organization of myostatin genes throughout evolution. However, the different expression profiles and putative promoter elements in fishes versus mammals suggests that limitations in myostatin function may have evolved recently. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rodgers, BD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, 124 ASLB, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM danrodgers@wsu.edu RI Garikipati, Dilip/E-4410-2011; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 38 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 190 IS 3 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.1677/joe.1.06866 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 095QY UT WOS:000241324000032 PM 17003288 ER PT J AU Cerdeira, AL Duke, SO AF Cerdeira, Antonio L. Duke, Stephen O. TI The current status and environmental impacts of glyphosate-resistant crops: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CORN ZEA-MAYS; HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOLERANT RAPESEED CROPS; CANOLA BRASSICA-NAPUS; SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; MEDIATED GENE FLOW AB Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant crops (GRCs), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] have been commercialized and grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere. Glyphosate-resistant cotton and soybean have become dominant in those countries where their planting is permitted. Effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to some of the herbicides that they replace. No risks have been found with food or feed safety or nutritional value in products from currently available GRCs. Glyphosate-resistant crops have promoted the adoption of reduced- or no-tillage agriculture in the USA and Argentina, providing a substantial environmental benefit. Weed species in GRC fields have shifted to those that can more successfully withstand glyphosate and to those that avoid the time of its application. Three weed species have evolved resistance to glyphosate in GRCs. Glyphosate-resistant crops have greater potential to become problems as volunteer crops than do conventional crops. Glyphosate resistance transgenes have been found in fields of canola that are supposed to be non-transgenic. Under some circumstances, the largest risk of GRCs may be transgene flow (introgression) from GRCs to related species that might become problems in natural ecosystems. Glyphosate resistance transgenes themselves are highly unlikely to be a risk in wild plant populations, but when linked to transgenes that may impart fitness benefits outside of agriculture (e.g., insect resistance), natural ecosystems could be affected. The development and use of failsafe introgression barriers in crops with such linked genes is needed. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Embrapa Environm, Brazilian Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048,MS 38677, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 294 TC 171 Z9 189 U1 23 U2 202 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1658 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0378 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200001 PM 16899736 ER PT J AU Trabue, SL Anhalt, JC Zahn, JA AF Trabue, Steven L. Anhalt, Jennifer C. Zahn, James A. TI Bias of Tedlar bags in the measurement of agricultural odorants SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR SAMPLING BAGS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THERMAL-DESORPTION; SWINE MANURE; OLFACTOMETRY; ODORS; QUANTIFICATION; OPERATIONS AB Odor regulations typically specify the use of dynamic dilution olfactometery (DDO) as a method to quantify odor emissions, and Tedlar bags are the preferred holding container for grab samples. This study was conducted to determine if Tedlar bags affect the integrity of sampled air from animal operations. Air samples were collected simultaneously in both Tedlar bags and Tenax thermal desorption tubes. Sample sources originated from either a hydrocarbon-free air tank, dynamic headspace chamber (DHC), or swine-production facility, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Several background contaminants were identified from Tedlar bags, which included the odorous compounds N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAC), acetic acid, and phenol. Samples from the DHC demonstrated that recovery of malodor compounds was dependent on residence time in the Tedlar bag with longer residence time leading to lower recovery. After 24 h of storage, recovery of C-3-C-6 volatile fatty acids (VFA) averaged 64%, 4-methylphenol and 4-ethylphenol averaged 10%, and indole and 3-methylindole were below the detection limits of GC-MS-O. The odor activity value (OAV) of grab samples collected in Tedlar bags were 33 to 65% lower following 24 h of storage. These results indicate that significant odorant bias occurs when using Tedlar bags for the sampling of odors from animal production facilities. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Trabue, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trabue@nsric.ars.usda.gov OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 39 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1677 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0370 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200003 PM 16899738 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Tadassa, YF Jin, Y AF Bradford, Scott A. Tadassa, Yadata F. Jin, Yan TI Transport of coliphage in the presence and absence of manure suspension SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SAND COLUMNS; ORGANIC-MATTER; VIRUS ADSORPTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; ATTACHMENT; PARTICLES; BACTERIA; REMOVAL; SOILS AB Mechanisms of coliphage transport and fate in the presence and absence of manure suspension were studied in saturated column experiments. In the presence of manure suspension, little inactivation of indigenous somatic coliphage occurred and the transport was controlled by deposition. The deposition followed a power law distribution with depth, and the magnitude increased with decreasing sand size. Comparison of the cumulative size distribution of manure components in the suspension initially and after passage through sand, suggested that particles retained by mechanical filtration and/or straining decreased the effective pore size and potentially induced straining of the somatic coliphage. A 2-site kinetic deposition model was used to estimate the magnitudes of attachment and straining in the presence of manure suspension, and provided a good description of the data. Modeling results indicated that straining accounted for 16 to 42% of the deposited somatic coliphage, and that both straining and attachment increased with decreasing sand size due to smaller pores and higher surface area, respectively. In the absence of manure suspension, phi X174 (a representative somatic coliphage) and MS2 (a male-specific RNA coliphage) transport was controlled by inactivation induced by the solid phase. This conclusion was based on comparison of coliphage transport behavior at 5 and 20 degrees C, mass balance information, and numerical modeling. Comparison of somatic coliphage transport data in the presence and absence of manure suspension revealed much higher effluent concentrations in the presence of manure. This difference was attributed to lower inactivation and higher detachment rates. The observed coliphage transport behavior suggests that survival of viruses may be extended in the presence of manure suspensions, and that transport studies conducted in the absence of manure suspension may not accurately characterize the transport potential of viruses in manure-contaminated environments. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1692 EP 1701 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200006 PM 16899741 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Williams, CE Adamsen, EJ AF Williams, C. F. Williams, C. E. Adamsen, E. J. TI Sorption-desorption of carbamazepine from irrigated soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; NAPROPAMIDE; STREAMS; FATE AB Th anti-seizure medication carbamazepine is often found in treated sewage effluent and environmental samples. Carbamazepine has been shown to be very persistent in sewage treatment, as well as ground water. Due to environmental persistence, irrigation with sewage effluent could result in carbamazepine contamination of surface and ground water. To determine the potential for leaching of carbamazepine, a series of adsorption and desorption batch equilibrium experiments were conducted on irrigated soils. It was found that carbamazepine adsorption to biosolid-amended (T) soils had a K-D of 19.8 vs. 12.6 for unamended soil. Based on adsorption, carbamazepine leaching potential would be categorized as low. During desorption significant hysteresis was observed and K-D increased for both soils. Desorption isotherms also indicate a potential for irreversibly bound carbamazepine in the T soil. Results indicate that initial removal of carbamazepine via adsorption from irrigation water is significant and that desorption characteristics would further limit the mobility of carbamazepine through the soil profile indicating that carbamazepine found in sewage effluent used for irrigation has a low leaching potential. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM cwilliams@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 16 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1779 EP 1783 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0345 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200014 PM 16899748 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW Holtkamp, ML AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. Holtkamp, Mike L. TI Land application of carbonatic lake-dredged materials: Effects on soil quality and forage productivity SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL NITROGEN; PLANT AB The ability to reuse carbonatic lake-dredged materials (CLDM) for agricultural purposes is important because it reduces offshore disposal and provides an alternative to disposal of the materials in landfills that are already overtaxed. A four-year (2001 to 2005) study on land application of CLDM as an option for disposal was conducted on a beef cattle pasture in south central Florida. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess CLDM as a soil amendment to improve quality of sandy soils in most subtropical beef cattle pastures and (ii) to determine the effect of CLDM on productivity and nutritive values of bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flugge) in subtropical beef cattle pasture. The five treatment combinations arranged in randomized complete block design were represented by plots with different ratios (R) of natural soil (NS) to CLDM: R1 (1000 g kg(-1) :0 g kg(-1)); R2 (750 g kg(-1):250 g kg(-1)); R3 (500 g kg(-1):500 g kg(-1)); R4 (250 g kg(-1): 750 g kg(-1)); and R5 (0 g kg(-1):1000 g kg(-1)). Addition of CLDM had significant (p <= 0.001) effects on soil quality and favorable influence on forage establishment and nutritive values. Compared with the control plots (0 g kg(-1)), the soils in plots amended with CLDM exhibited (i) lower penetration resistance, (ii) an increase in soil pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg), and (iii) decrease in the levels of soil trace metals (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Si). Results disclosed consistently and significantly (p <= 0.001) higher BG biomass production (forage yield = -106.3x(2) + 1015.8x - 39.2; R-2 = 0.99**) and crude protein content (CP = 1.24x + 6.48; R-2 = 0.94**) from plots amended with CLDM than those of BG planted on plots with no CLDM treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1784 EP 1794 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0060 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200015 PM 16899749 ER PT J AU Marshall, SK Laboski, CAM AF Marshall, Sarah K. Laboski, Carrie A. M. TI Sorption of inorganic and total phosphorus from dairy and swine slurries to soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; ORTHO-PHOSPHATE; ADSORPTION; AVAILABILITY; MANURE; FERTILIZER; KAOLINITE; IMPACT AB Understanding P sorption from animal manures is essential to formulate best management practices with regard to land application of manure from the standpoint of crop production and environmental quality. Little research has focused on the construction of P sorption isotherms where the P source is manure. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop a procedure to characterize how inorganic P (P-i) and total P (P-t) from dairy slurry and swine slurry sorbs to soil; and (ii) compare the sorption characteristics of P-i and P-t where the P source was dairy slurry, swine slurry, or potassium phosphate (KH2PO4). Sorption solutions were prepared in 0.1 M KCl at pH 6 and equilibrated with soils at a 1:25 (w/v) soil/solution ratio for 24 h. Inorganic P-i P-t, Al, and Fe in the equilibrated solutions were measured. For all soils, P-i and P-t sorption capacity of dairy slurry was greater than KH2PO4. Total P sorption capacity of swine slurry was greater than KH2PO4, while P-i sorption capacity was less than KH2PO4. Overall, P-i and P-t sorption strengths of the manure slurries were less than or equal to KH2PO4. Increased P-i sorption from dairy slurry was correlated with Fe and Al desorption. Reduction of P-i sorption capacity from swine slurry was related to preferential sorption of organic P. Additional studies need to be conducted to determine how differences in P sorption between manures and fertilizer impact in-field P availability to a crop and potential for losses in runoff water. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Laboski, CAM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM laboski@wisc.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1836 EP 1843 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0281 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200021 PM 16899755 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD AF Lentz, R. D. TI Solute response to changing nutrient loads in soil and walled ceramic cup samplers under continuous extraction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER PERCOLATION SAMPLERS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; CALCAREOUS SOILS; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; VACUUM; FIELD; SYSTEM; ADSORPTION AB .This report evaluates a vacuum-assisted walled percolation sampler preconditioned in soil, and examines the dynamic response of leachate solutes. The 20-cm walled percolation sampler extracted soil water under continuous tension via a ceramic cup collector embedded in a silica flour layer, whose upper surface interfaced with field soil. In the laboratory, alternating solutions with high and low NO3-N (232 or 3.6 mg L-1), molybdate-reactive P (MRP) (1.75 or 0.0 mg L-1), K+ (568 or 3.6 mg L-1), and Br- (9.6 or 0.0 mg L-1) concentrations were delivered directly to the (i) sampler ceramic cup; (ii) silica flour bed surface, or (iii) 12-mm soil layer placed over the silica flour bed. For alternating input solutions delivered to the silica-flour bed surface, (i) solute breakthrough (95% equivalency) occurred in 4 pore volumes and was the same for both the high and low concentration input phases of the application, and (ii) concentrations of NO3-N, Br-, and MRP in cumulative extracted water volumes were within 5% of those in corresponding input volumes. Alternating nutrient loads from high to low levels in the fixed flow rate input waters caused excess MRP (1.6 times that in the high concentration MRP solution) to leach from the calcareous soil. The dynamic character of P transport in K-fertilized soils deserves further study and may have important environmental implications. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM lentz@nwisri.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1863 EP 1872 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0458 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200024 PM 16973628 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Truman, CC Strickland, TC Bosch, DD Webster, TM Franklin, DH Bednarz, CW AF Potter, Thomas L. Truman, Clint C. Strickland, Timothy C. Bosch, David D. Webster, Theodore M. Franklin, Dorcas H. Bednarz, Craig W. TI Combined effects of constant versus variable intensity simulated rainfall and reduced tillage management on cotton preemergence herbicide runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COVER CROP RESIDUES; COASTAL-PLAIN; FLUOMETURON SORPTION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SURFACE RUNOFF; LOESSIAL SOIL; WASH-OFF; ADSORPTION; WATER; DEGRADATION AB Pesticide runoff research relies heavily on rainfall simulation experiments. Most are conducted at a constant intensity, i.e., at a fixed rainfall rate; however, large differences in natural rainfall intensity is common. To assess implications we quantified runoff of two herbicides, fluometuron and pendimethalin, and applied preemergence after planting cotton on Tifton loamy sand. Rainfall at constant and variable intensity patterns representative of late spring thunderstorms in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia (USA) were simulated on 6-m(2) plots under strip- (ST) and conventional-tillage (CT) management. The variable pattern produced significantly higher runoff rates of both compounds from CT but not ST plots. However, on an event-basis, runoff totals (% applied) were not significantly different, with one exception: fluometuron runoff from CT plots. There was about 25% more fluometuron runoff with the variable versus the constant intensity pattern (P = 0.10). Study results suggest that conduct of simulations using variable intensity storm patterns may provide more representative rainfall simulation-based estimates of pesticide runoff and that the greatest impacts will be observed with CT. The study also found significantly more fluometuron in runoff from ST than CT plots. Further work is needed to determine whether this behavior may be generalized to other active ingredients with similar properties [low K-oc (organic carbon partition coefficient) similar to 100 mL g(-1); high water solubility similar to 100 mg L-1]. If so, it should be considered when making tillage-specific herbicide recommendations to reduce runoff potential. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Lab, Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tpotter@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1894 EP 1902 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0444 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200027 PM 16973631 ER PT J AU Tucker, AO Maciarello, MJ Salywon, A Landrum, LR AF Tucker, Arthur O. Maciarello, Michael J. Salywon, Andrew Landrum, Leslie R. TI The essential oils of Mosiera enrhengergii (O. Berg) Landrum (Myrtaceae) originally from Mexico and M-longipes (O. Berg) small from Florida SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mosiera ehrenbergii; Mosiera longipes; Myrtaceae; essential oil composition; limonene; alpha-pinene ID GENERA AB Essential oils of fragrant Mosiera enrhenbergii (O. Berg) Landrum (Myrtaceae), collected in Arizona from Mexican seed, and M. longipes (O. Berg) Small, collected in Florida, were examined by GC/MS/FID. Thirty-eight constituents were identified with dominant components of limonene (51.6 +/- 0.7%) and alpha-pinene (33.6 +/- 2.4%) in M. ehrenbergii and limonene (47.8 +/- 2.5%) in M. longipes. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Tucker, AO (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 560 EP 561 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086UL UT WOS:000240698400024 ER PT J AU Sapitnitskaya, M Maul, P McCollum, GT Guy, CL Weiss, B Samach, A Porat, R AF Sapitnitskaya, Margarita Maul, Pilar McCollum, Gregory T. Guy, Charles L. Weiss, Batia Samach, Alon Porat, Ron TI Postharvest heat and conditioning treatments activate different molecular responses and reduce chilling injuries in grapefruit SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE chilling; conditioning; grapefruit; hot water; postharvest; stress ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; STAR RUBY GRAPEFRUIT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SHOCK PROTEINS; CITRUS-FRUIT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; COLD TOLERANCE; ABIOTIC STRESS; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS AB A combination of hot water (a rinse at 62 degrees C for 20 s) and conditioning (pre-storage at 16 degrees C for 7 d) treatments synergistically reduced chilling injury development in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi, cv. 'Star Ruby') during cold storage at 2 degrees C, suggesting that the treatments may activate different chilling tolerance responses. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, chilling- and conditioning-responsive genes were isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cDNA subtraction, cDNA libraries were constructed from hot water- and conditioning-treated fruit, and cDNA sequencing was used to identify putative stress-responsive and chilling tolerance genes. PCR cDNA subtraction revealed the identification of 17 chilling-responsive and heat- and conditioning-induced genes, and the expression patterns of 11 additional stress-related genes, antioxidant defensive genes, and genes encoding enzymes involved in membrane lipid modifications were characterized. It was found that hot water and conditioning treatments had little effect on gene expression by themselves, but rather had a priming effect, and enabled the fruit to activate their defence responses after subsequent exposure to chilling. RNA gel blot hybridizations revealed that the expression patterns of eight genes, including HSP19-I, HSP19-II, dehydrin, universal stress protein (USP), EIN2, 1,3;4-beta-D-glucanase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were specifically regulated by the heat treatment, and four genes, including fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) and lipid transfer protein (LTP), were specifically regulated by the conditioning treatment. Furthermore, four more genes were identified, including a translation initiation factor (SUI1), a chaperonin, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), that were commonly regulated by both heat and conditioning treatments. According to these data, it is suggested that pre-storage heat and conditioning treatments may enhance fruit chilling tolerance by activating different molecular mechanisms. The hot water treatment activates mainly the expression of various stress-related genes, whereas the conditioning treatment activates mainly the expression of lipid membrane modification enzymes. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USHRL, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Porat, R (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM rporat@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 58 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 57 IS 12 BP 2943 EP 2953 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl055 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086TV UT WOS:000240696800004 PM 16908505 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR Britz, SJ AF Caldwell, Charles R. Britz, Steven J. TI Effect of supplemental ultraviolet radiation on the carotenoid and chlorophyll composition of green house-grown leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; chlorophyll; greenhouse; Lactuca sativa; lettuce; phytonutrient; ultraviolet radiation AB Eight green leaf and eight red leaf lettuce varieties were grown in a greenhouse under control, receiving supplemental ultraviolet-A (UV-A) (320-400 nm) and supplemental UV-A plus ultraviolet-B (UV-B) (290-320 nm) radiation. The edible portion of the lettuce was frozen, lyophilized and extracted in 80% aqueous acetone for carotenoid and chlorophyll content determination by reverse-phase HPLC. Lutein was the major carotenoid in the lettuce samples with lesser amounts of beta-carotene and neoxanthin. In general, supplemental UV-B increased the carotenoid and chlorophyll concentration of green leaf lettuce, while reducing the levels of these compounds in red leaf lettuce. Varieties with relatively high levels of lutein also had high levels of chlorophyll a. Pheophytin a and b levels were higher in green leaf lettuce relative to the red leaf varieties. The up to 10-fold cultivar-specific differences in the levels of the carotenoids in plants grown under identical conditions suggests that the selection of specific leaf lettuce varieties for greenhouse production may enhance their nutritional benefits. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Rm 119,Bldg 307C,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM crc@erols.com NR 10 TC 34 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD SEP-NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6-7 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 060BO UT WOS:000238776500023 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, Marisa M. TI Ascorbic acid and mineral composition of longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchi chinensis) and rambuan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars grown in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE longan; lychee; litchi; rambutan; tropical fruit; minerals; vitamin C ID DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; VEGETABLE INTAKE; FRUIT; DISEASE; RISK AB Longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchi chinensis), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars were harvested from different locations in Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and mineral content. Longan fruit had the highest vitamin C content (60.1mg/100 g fresh weight) among the three specialty fruits tested. Average ascorbic acid content was 27.6mg/100 g for lychees and 36.4mg/100g for rambutans. Vitamin C content was 63.3 and 55.3mg/100g for the longan cultivars, Biew Kiew and Sri Chompoo, respectively. For rambutans, vitamin C content ranged from 22.047.8mg/100g for the six cultivars tested. The early maturing lychee cultivar, Kaimana, had an average ascorbic acid content of 33.2mg/100 g, and the later maturing Groff and Bosworth-3 cultivars had 21.2 and 22.5mg/100 g, respectively. No correlation was found between ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSS) content. Longans were a good source of K (324.9 mg/100g) and Cu (0.26mg/100g). Consumption of lychee fruit (100g) would meet 2-4% of the daily recommended intake (DRI) for six minerals (P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn), and 22% of the DRI for Cu. Rambutan fruit had 20% of the DRI for Cu and 8-10% of the DRI for Mn. In general, fruit mineral content was not associated with soil mineral content. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Hilo, HI USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 4459, Hilo, HI USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD SEP-NOV PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6-7 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.12.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 060BO UT WOS:000238776500025 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Palmquist, DE AF Ledbetter, CA Palmquist, DE TI Comparing physical measures and mechanical cracking products of 'Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb.) with two advanced breeding selections SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE chroma; crackout; doubles; kernel; sticktight AB Kernels of 'Nonpareil' almond and advanced breeding selections 23.5-16 and 23-122 were evaluated for similarities and differences in commercially important kernel characteristics. These three almond types did not differ in kernel mass, kernel length and width, nor in kernel color coordinates, luminosity and hue. 'Nonpareil' kernels were observed to be significantly (P <= 0.05) thicker than kernels of 23.5-16 and 23-122. Chroma value of 'Nonpareil' kernels was significantly higher (p <= 0.05) than that of 23-122, but did not differ from that of 23.5-16. Bulk in-shell samples of the three almond types were then compared after a mechanical cracking treatment using identical roller settings in a research-sized commercial cracking machine. Sticktight content varied significantly (p <= 0.01) amongst the three almond types prior to cracking bulked samples. The cracking treatment significantly reduced (p <= 0.01) sticktight content in each of the almond samples and a significant interaction (p <= 0.01) was observed between almond types and cracking treatment with regard to sticktight content. 'Nonpareil' and 23.5-16 did not differ in sticktight content either prior to or after the cracking treatment. The three almond types varied significantly (p <= 0.05) in the various categories of edible kernels (whole, double, scratched, broken & chipped) after the cracking treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Midw Area Off, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Postharvest Qual & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM cledbetter@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.046 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 037MB UT WOS:000237149900015 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, T. P. TI Validation of a tertiary model for predicting variation of Salmonella typhimurium DT104 (ATCC 700408) growth from a low initial density on ground chicken breast meat with a competitive microflora SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LAG TIME; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LABORATORY MEDIUM; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; POULTRY PRODUCTS AB Growth of a multiple antibiotic-resistant strain (ATCC 700408) of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) from a low initial density (10(0.6) Most probable number [MPN] or CFU/g) on ground chicken breast meat with a competitive microflora was investigated and modeled as a function of time and temperature (10 to 40 degrees C). MPN and viable counts (CFU) on a selective medium with four antibiotics enumerated the pathogen. Data from five replicate challenge studies per temperature were combined and fit to a primary model to determine maximum specific growth rate (mu), maximum population density (N-max), and the 95% prediction interval (PI). Nonlinear regression was used to obtain secondary models as a function of temperature for mu, N-max, and PI, which ranged from 0.04 to 0.4 h(-1), 1.6 to 9.4 log MPN or CFU/g, and 1.4 to 2.4 log MPN or CFU/g, respectively. Secondary models were combined with the primary model to create a tertiary model for predicting variation (95% PI) of pathogen growth among batches of ground chicken breast meat with a competitive microflora. The criterion for acceptable model performance was that 90% of observed MPN or CFU data had to be in the 95% PI predicted by the tertiary model. For data (n = 344) used in model development, 93% of observed MPN and CFU data were in the 95% PI predicted by the tertiary model, whereas for data (n = 236) not used in model development but collected using the same methods, 94% of observed MPN and CFU data were in the 95% PI predicted by the tertiary model. Thus, the tertiary model was successfully verified against dependent data and validated against independent data for predicting variation of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 growth among batches of ground chicken breast meat with a competitive microtlora and from a low initial density. C1 Univ Maryland, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2048 EP 2057 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000001 PM 16995505 ER PT J AU Chambliss, LS Narang, N Juneja, VK Harrison, MA AF Chambliss, L. Sherre Narang, Neelam Juneja, Vijay K. Harrison, Mark A. TI Thermal injury and recovery of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in ground chicken with temperature, pH, and sodium chloride as controlling factors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SUBLETHAL INJURY; TYPHIMURIUM; HEAT; INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; SPP. AB Cells of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were grown at 25 and 35 degrees C, heat injured (55, 60, and 62.5 degrees C), and recovered in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at various NaCl concentrations (2.0 and 3.5%) and pH levels (5.5 and 6.5). To assess the interactions of growth temperature, heating temperature, NaCI concentration and pH on the thermal injury and recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis in ground chicken, a randomized design with each experimental combination was used. When a logistic equation for nonlinear survival curves was used, D-values of cells of Salmonella Enteritidis grown at 25 degrees C were 7.60, 5.73, and 4.81 min at 55, 60, and 62.5 degrees C, respectively. For cells grown at 35 degrees C, the D-values were 12.38, 7.45, and 5.70 min at 55, 60, and 62.5 degrees C. The influence of tryptic soy agar and double modified lysine agar (DMLIA) on the recovery of heat-injured cells was determined. Recovery was significantly reduced on DMLIA at increased pH levels and NaCl concentrations. Higher numbers of cells were recovered in TSB with 2.0% NaCI than in TSB with 3.5% NaCl. It was observed that the rate of recovery of heat-injured cells was similar at each pH. Therefore, a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 does not have a major inhibitory effect on the recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Narang, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19118 USA. EM neelam.narang@fsis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2058 EP 2065 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000002 PM 16995506 ER PT J AU Alvarez, I Niemira, BA Fan, XT Sommers, CH AF Alvarez, Ignacio Niemira, Brendan A. Fan, Xuetong Sommers, Christopher H. TI Inactivation of Salmonella serovars in liquid whole egg by heat following irradiation treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SHELL EGGS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; TYPHIMURIUM; RADIATION; STRESS; FOOD; PASTEURIZATION AB Salmonella is a frequent contaminant on eggs and is responsible for foodborne illnesses in humans. Ionizing radiation and thermal processing can be used to inactivate Salmonella in liquid whole egg, but when restricted to doses that do not affect egg quality, these technologies are only partially effective in reducing Salmonella populations. In this study, the effect of ionizing radiation in combination with thermal treatment on the survival of Salmonella serovars was investigated. Of the six Salmonella serovars tested, Salmonella Senftenberg was the most resistant to radiation (D-gamma = 0.65 kGy) and heat (D-55 degrees C = 11.31 min, z = 4.9 degrees C). Irradiation followed by thermal treatment at 55 or 57 degrees C improved the pasteurization process. Radiation doses as low as 0.1 kGy prior to thermal treatments synergistically reduced the D-55 degrees C and D-57 degrees C of Salmonella Senftenberg 3.6- and 2.5-fold, respectively. The D-55 degrees C and D-57 degrees C of Salmonella Typhimurium were reduced 2- and 1.4-fold and those of Salmonella Enteritidis were reduced 2- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Irradiation prior to thermal treatment would enable the reduction of heat treatment times by 86 and 30% at 55 and 57 degrees C, respectively, and would inactivate 9 log units of Salmonella serovars. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet, Tecnol Alimentos, Zaragoza 50013, Spain. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Alvarez, Ignacio/M-1236-2015 OI Alvarez, Ignacio/0000-0003-2430-858X NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2066 EP 2074 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000003 PM 16995507 ER PT J AU McAllister, TA Bach, SJ Stanford, K Callaway, TR AF McAllister, T. A. Bach, S. J. Stanford, K. Callaway, T. R. TI Shedding of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 by cattle fed diets containing monensin or tylosin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; IN-VITRO; RUMEN; COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA; CALVES; BEEF; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION AB Monensin and tylosin have activity against gram-positive bacteria, and it has been theorized that their effects on the intestinal environment may promote proliferation of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Effects of these antibiotics on the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 were studied in a feedlot environment, using 32 finishing steers. A diet containing 85% barley grain, 10% barley silage, and 5% supplement was amended with 33 ppm monensin, 11 ppm tylosin, both of these additives, or no additives (control). All steers were orally inoculated with 1010 CFU of a mixture of four strains of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O15T:H7. Fecal (grab), oral (mouth swab) and water, water-water bowl interface, feed, and pen floor fecal pat samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7-positive fecal grab samples did not differ (P = 0.26) among treatments, nor did the rate (P = 0.81) or duration (P = 0.85) of shedding of the organism. Fecal grab samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 more frequently (P < 0.001) than were oral swabs. More (P = 0.02) E. coli O157:H7-positive oral swabs were recovered from the tylosin group than from controls. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any of 47 water samples, but was present in 1 of 47 water bowl swabs, 7 of 48 feed samples, and 36 of 48 fecal pats. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that differences existed among inoculated strains in their ability to persist in animals and in the environment. However, this study revealed no evidence that dietary inclusion of monensin or tylosin, alone or in combination, increased fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 or its persistence in the environment. C1 Agr Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agrifood Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. Alberta Agr Food & Rural Dev, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP McAllister, TA (reprint author), Agr Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM mcallister@agr.gc.ca NR 58 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2075 EP 2083 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000004 PM 16995508 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Wesley, I AF Bhaduri, Saumya Wesley, Irene TI Isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica from swine feces recovered during the National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2000 study SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SLAUGHTER; PIGS; O-3; IDENTIFICATION; ENRICHMENT; SEROTYPES; INFANTS; TONSILS; FOODS AB A national study was conducted for the isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig feces in the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study. Fecal samples collected from swine operations from September 2000 to March 2001 from 77 production sites in 15 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. After enrichment of swine fecal samples in irgasan-ticarcillin-potassium chlorate broth, the enriched cultures were plated on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar for isolation of presumptive Y. enterocolitica. The isolates were confirmed as pathogenic Y. enterocolitica by the fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay targeting the chromosomal attachment invasion ail gene. Of 2,793 fecal samples tested, 106 (3.80%) ail-positive strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated. These 106 ail-positive isolates originated from 7 of the 15 participating states. The predominant serotype 0:3 (n = 79 of 106) was distributed in five states (n = 5 of 7). Serotype 0:5 (n = 27 of 106) was also found in five states (n = 5 of 7). All isolates contained the virulence plasmid and expressed virulence-associated phenotypic characteristics. These results indicate that swine in the United Stares harbor Y. enterocolitica that can potentially cause human illness. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sbhaduri@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2107 EP 2112 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000008 PM 16995512 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sommers, CH AF Fan, Xuetong Sommers, Christopher H. TI Effect of gamma radiation on furan formation in ready-to-eat products and their ingredients SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE frankfurters; furab; ionizing radiation; ready-to-eat; SPME ID HEADSPACE METHOD; FOOD AB Besides meat as the major component, ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products often contain ingredients such as Na-ascorbate, Na-erythorbate, glucose, corn syrup, and Na-nitrite. Furan is a potential carcinogen and information is needed on its formation in irradiated RTE products. In the present study, we investigated the generation of irradiation-induced furan in aqueous solutions of those ingredients, and in 9 RTE food products (8 meat and poultry-based and 1 vegetable burger). Irradiation at doses up to 4.5 kGv induced formation of furan in aqueous solutions of Na-ascorbate, Na-erythorbate, glucose, honey, and corn syrup. Addition of Na-nitrate into these solutions prior to irradiation completely eliminated, or significantly reduced, furan formation. Most of the nonirradiated RTE products contained less than 1 ng/g of furan, except for beef and turkey frankfurters which contained 6 to 8 ng/g furan. Exposure of RTE food products to 4.5 kGy radiation in the nonfrozen state (5 degrees C) or to 10 kGy radiation in the frozen state (-18 degrees C) did not significantly increase furan levels in most of the samples. Furthermore, the irradiation treatments furan levels in samples (that is, frankfurters) that contained more than 3 ng/g of furan. Our results suggested that irradiation induces furan formation in solutions of many RTE food ingredients, but not in RTE meat and poultry products themselves. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 71 IS 7 BP C407 EP C412 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00136.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 090GO UT WOS:000240939000011 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, Mendel Henika, Philip R. Levin, Carol E. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Antimicrobial wine formulations active against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella enterica SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activities; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; essential oils; HPLC; microbial food safety; oregano and thyme leaves; Salmonella enterica; wines ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; IN-VITRO; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BACILLUS-CEREUS; RED WINE; GLYCOALKALOIDS; CINNAMALDEHYDE AB We developed wine formulations containing plant essential compounds effective against foodborne pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica. HPLC used to determine, maximum solubility of antimicrobials in wines as well as amounts of antimicrobials extracted by wines from commercial oregano and thyme leaves. Activity of essential oils (cinnamon lemongrass oregano, and thyme) and oil compounds (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, and thymol) in wines were evaluated in terms of the percentage of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA(50)). The ranges of activities in wines (30 min BA(50) values) against S. enterica/E. coli were carvacrol, 0.0059 to 0.010/0.011 oregano oils, 0.0079 to 0.014/0.022 to 0.031; cinnamaldehyde, 0.030 to 0.051/0.098 to 0.13; citral 60 to 0.070; lemongrass oil, 0.053 to 0.066/0.059 to 0.071; cinnamon oil 0.038 to 0.057/0.66 to 0.098 to 0.010/0.016 to 0.022; and thyme oil, 0.0097 to 0.011/0.033 to 0.039. Detailed studies with carvacol, the main component of oregano oil, showed that antibacterial activity was greater against S. enterica than against E. coli and that wine formulations exhibited high activities at low concentrations of added antimicrobials. The results suggest that wines containing essential oils/oil compounds, added or extracted from oregano or thyme leaves used to reduce pathogens in food and other environments. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 71 IS 7 BP M245 EP M251 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00127.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 090GO UT WOS:000240939000020 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Jones, DM AF Sapers, Gerald M. Jones, Donyel M. TI Improved sanitizing treatments for fresh tomatoes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE food safety; hot water; hydrogen peroxide; sanitizing treatments; tomatoes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-MONTEVIDEO; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HOT-WATER; KILLING SALMONELLA; CHLORINATED WATER; EFFICACY; SURFACE; APPLES AB Fresh tomatoes repeatedly have been associated with major outbreaks of salmonellosis; however, efforts to disinfect them with chlorine or other sanitizing agents have had only mixed success. Our objective was to determine whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments would be more efficacious than conventional methods in disinfecting tomatoes containing human pathogens and, at the same time, be noninjurious to quality. Tomatoes were dip inoculated with Escherichia coli NRRL B-766 or a Salmonella cocktail and then held for 0, 24, or 48 h at 4 or 24 degrees C prior to treatment. Treatments included 200 ppm chlorine (Cl-2) and 20 degrees C for 3 min, water at 20 degrees C for 3 min or at 60 degrees C for 2 min, 1% H2O2 at 20 degrees C for 15 min or at 60 degrees C for 2 min, and 5% H2O2 at 60 degrees C for 2, 3, or 5 min. In tomatoes held 48 h postinoculation, the chlorine treatment was only marginally more effective than an equivalent water rinse in reducing the target bacterial population, while the hot water and 1% H2O2 treatments achieved reductions no greater than 1.3 logs. However, application of 5% H2O2 at 60 degrees C resulted in larger reductions. Efficacy of all treatments decreased as the time interval between inoculation and treatment increased. Greater reductions could not be achieved with 5% H2O2 at 60 degrees C by increasing the contact time or addition of surfactants, and these treatments caused some quality loss. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gsapers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 71 IS 7 BP M252 EP M256 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00129.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 090GO UT WOS:000240939000021 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Young, BA French, R AF Stenger, Drake C. Young, Brock A. French, Roy TI Random mutagenesis of wheat streak mosaic virus HC-Pro: non-infectious interfering mutations in a gene dispensable for systemic infection of plants SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTYVIRUS HELPER COMPONENT; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; ERIOPHYID MITE TRANSMISSION; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; APHID TRANSMISSIBILITY; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; CLEAVAGE SITE; PROTEINASE; VIRIONS AB Mutations within the HC-Pro coding region of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were introduced by misincorporation during PCR and evaluated for phenotype within the context of an infectious clone. Nine synonymous substitutions and 15 of 25 non-synonymous substitutions had no phenotypic effect. Four non-synonymous substitutions, including one that reverted consistently to wild type, resulted in attenuated systemic infection. Six non-synonymous substitutions and one nonsense substitution abolished systemic infectivity. Mutants bearing the GUS reporter gene were evaluated for the ability to establish primary infection foci. All attenuated mutants and two systemic infection-deficient mutants produced localized regions of GUS expression on inoculated leaves 3 days post-inoculation. In vitro assays revealed that mutants able to establish infection foci retained HC-Pro proteinase activity. Among mutants unable to establish infection foci, HC-Pro proteinase activity was retained, reduced or absent. As a complete HC-Pro deletion mutant can infect plants systemically, certain substitutions in this dispensable gene probably prevented infection of WSMV via interference. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2741 EP 2747 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81933-0 PN 9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 076EN UT WOS:000239939900034 PM 16894215 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA MacNeil, MD Patton, JC AF Cronin, Matthew A. MacNeil, Michael D. Patton, John C. TI Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA variation in domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and relationships with wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti, Rangifer tarandus groentandicus, and Rangifer tarandus caribou) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; POPULATION; LOCI; ARTIODACTYLS; ORIGIN; ALASKA; MAP AB Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Alaska are semidomestic livestock descended from 1280 animals introduced from Siberia, Russia, approximately 100 years ago. Genetic variation at 18 microsatellite DNA loci and the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified in reindeer from Alaska, Siberia (Russia), and Scandinavia and compared with wild North American caribou. Mean sequence divergence among 15 mtDNA haplotypes in reindeer was 0.007 substitutions per nucleotide site, and reindeer mtDNA is polyphyletic with caribou mtDNA. Microsatellite allele and mtDNA haplotype frequencies are similar between Alaskan and Russian reindeer and differentiated between these and Scandinavian reindeer. The frequencies of microsatellite alleles, and mtDNA haplotypes are different in reindeer and wild caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti, Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, and Rangifer tarandus caribou). Alaskan reindeer have maintained a genetic variation comparable to that in Russia and differentiated from that of wild caribou, > 100 years after their introduction to Alaska. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resource & Agr Sci, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resource & Agr Sci, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM ffmac1@uaf.edu RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1093/jhered/es1012 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 101QS UT WOS:000241756100015 PM 16837563 ER PT J AU McIntyre, AP Schmitz, RA Crisafulli, CM AF McIntyre, Aimee P. Schmitz, Richard A. Crisafulli, Charles M. TI Associations of the Van Dyke's Salamander (Plethodon vandykei), with geomorphic conditions in headwall seeps of the Cascade Range, Washington State SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINEREUS; LUNGLESS; ECOLOGY; SOIL AB We explored the association between Van Dyke's Salamander (Plethodon vandykei). and hydrologic condition, geomorphology, and vegetation structure in headwall seeps in the Cascade Range of Washington State. After conducting salamander surveys and measuring habitat characteristics at 40 seep sites from July to August of 2002, we modeled occurrence of P. vandykei at three site scales: between seeps, within seeps, and between microhabitat sites. We ranked a priori models using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Using logistic regression, with presence and absence as the response, we found best approximating models for the occurrence of P. vandykei at the three site scales is predicted by hydrological and geological habitat characteristics. Between seeps, the probability of the occurrence of P. vandykei increased with increasing proportions of seep face having both dry and sheeting hydrology, and increasing proportions of seep face > 5 m high. Within seeps, the probability of the occurrence of P. vandykei was negatively, associated with seeps where total overhead cover was > 25%. Between microhabitat sites, the probability of the occurrence of P. vandykei was positively associated with increases in the percent cover of small cobble, small gravel, and bedrock. P. vandykei appears to be associated with habitats that maintain cool thermal and hydric conditions favorable for a species that is sensitive to heat and desiccation due to physiological constraints. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP McIntyre, AP (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N,Mailstop 43200, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM mcintam@dfw.wa.gov; richard.schmitz@orst.edu; ccrisfulli@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[309:AOTVDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 084JN UT WOS:000240529300004 ER PT J AU Ipek, A Ipek, M Simon, PW AF Ipek, A. Ipek, M. Simon, P. W. TI Association of reversible inactivation of the maize transposable element Ds with tissue-specific processing of the 35S : TPase transcript in carrot (Daucus carota L.) SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DISSOCIATION EXCISION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MESSENGER-RNA; ACTIVATOR AC; TRANSPOSITION; CULTURE; TOBACCO; RICE; DNA AB An Ac/Ds-based two-element transposon tagging system has been introduced into carrot. F-1 progeny containing both the 35S-Ac-transposase gene (35S:TPase) and the Ds element were derived from crosses between 35S:TPase- and Ds-bearing parents. While excision of Ds was not detected in any F-1 plants carrying both 35S:TPase and the Ds element, calli initiated from these F-1 plants had the Ds element excised, indicating Ds transposition. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the 35S:TPase gene was expressed in both F-1 plants and calli, and that introns 1, 2, and 3 were spliced correctly. Although intron 4 was also spliced correctly in calli, incorrectly spliced intron 4 was detected in F-1 plants. Sequence analysis of incorrectly spliced reverse transcriptase-PCR products demonstrated the presence of a cryptic intron donor site within intron 4 of the 35S:TPase transcript. This probably competed with the proposed intron donor site during maturation of the major 35S:TPase transcript. These results suggested that the major transcript of 35S:TPase was incorrectly processed and, consequently, that the Ds element was reversibly inactivated in the somatic tissues of carrot plants, whereas this inactive Ds element was remobilised during tissue culture, where the 35S:TPase transcript was spliced correctly. These observations point to an important role for tissue-specific 35S:TPase transcript processing for successful transposition of Ds in carrot. Therefore, successful processing of the 35S:TPase transcript in carrot callus may indicate strategies to increase Ac transposition in other tissues. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Canakkale, Turkey. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 81 IS 5 BP 819 EP 826 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 092MA UT WOS:000241099800008 ER PT J AU Helweg, OJ Orlins, J Bucks, D Murray, R Trueman, D Walton, R AF Helweg, Otto J. Orlins, Joseph Bucks, Dale Murray, Regan Trueman, David Walton, Raymond TI Research needs in water resources and environment: A panel discussion SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Living Water Int, Maumelle, AR 72113 USA. Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. USDA, GWCC, BLTSVL, Beltsville, MD 20702 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Resource Management Div, Salt Lake City, UT 84138 USA. WEST Consultants Inc, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. RP Helweg, OJ (reprint author), Living Water Int, 160 Marseille Dr, Maumelle, AR 72113 USA. EM OttoJ@Helweg.com; Orlins@rowan.edu; dab@ars.usda.gov; murray.regan@epa.gov; dtrueman@uc.usbr.gov; rwalton@westconsultants.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:5(387) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 077CP UT WOS:000240005600001 ER PT J AU Brooks, ES Boll, J Elliot, WJ Dechert, T AF Brooks, Erin S. Boll, Jan Elliot, William J. Dechert, Tom TI Global positioning system/GIS-based approach for modeling erosion from large road networks SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sediment; runoff; watershed management; erosion; roadside hazards AB Sediment budget analyses require watershed scale evaluation of road erosion and delivery. The Watershed Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, as developed by the USDA Forest Service, simulates sediment detachment and delivery for a road, fill, and buffer system. Time and budget constraints typically prevent a comprehensive sediment loading analysis using WEPP throughout a watershed. We present an automated approach to run the hillslope version of WEPP to simulate sediment detachment and delivery for a large road network. Road attributes are acquired from global positioning system-assisted road surveys and mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). After data manipulation in GIS and Excel, the required input files for WEPP are built. The approach can be applied to multiple road designs and climate regimes, with unique attributes for each road segment. We applied the automated approach to the 3,040 km(2) South Fork Clearwater River watershed for 1,017 km of road divided into 6,955 road segments. The availability of analysis capabilities of the WEPP results from large road networks within GIS provides a spatially explicit tool for the management and evaluation of sediment production throughout large road networks. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Idaho Dept Emvironm Qual, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. RP Brooks, ES (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM broo2789@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:5(418) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 077CP UT WOS:000240005600004 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Wahlin, BT AF Clemmens, Albert J. Wahlin, Brian T. TI Accuracy of annual volume from current-meter-based stage discharges SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flow measurement; stream gaging; volume measurement; uncertainty principles; water discharge AB Many water users have been strongly encouraged to reduce the amount of their diversions through improved water management practices. However, the impact of improved practices can be lost in the uncertainty of measured water volumes. A firm understanding of the accuracy of flow measurements and accumulated volumes is important for identifying opportunities for improvement. Stage-discharge relationships are often used to estimate discharge over time from near-continuous measurements of stage. The stage-discharge relationship is usually determined from periodic current-meter discharge measurements. Random errors in current-meter discharge measurements and changes in the true stage-discharge relationship as the channel properties change with erosion, sedimentation, vegetation growth, etc., all compromise our ability to infer discharge over time from stage measurements. Some water users adjust the stage-discharge relationship with each current-meter discharge measurement. In this paper, we present procedures to estimate the accuracy of various methods for inferring total annual water volume based on near-continuous measurement of stage and various methods for determining the stage-discharge relationship. These uncertainty estimates can then be used to obtain insight into water users' flow measurement strategies as well as suggestions on improving these strategies. C1 USDA ARS, UA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Marciopa, AZ 85239 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85239 USA. WEST Consultants Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, UA Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Marciopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:5(489) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 077CP UT WOS:000240005600012 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. TI Comparison of three alternative ANN designs for monthly rainfall-runoff simulation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE neural networks; flow simulation; seasonal variations; streamflow; rainfall ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WATERSHED RUNOFF AB The performance of three artificial neural network (ANN) designs that account differently for the effects of seasonal rainfall and runoff variations were investigated for monthly rainfall-runoff simulation on an 815 km(2) watershed in central Oklahoma. The ANN design that accounted explicitly for seasonal variations of rainfall and runoff performed best by all performance measures. Explicit representation of seasonal variations was achieved by use of a separate ANN for each calendar month. For the three ANN designs tested, a regression of simulated versus measured runoff displayed a slope slightly under 1 and positive intercept, pointing to a tendency of the ANN to underpredict high and overpredict low runoff values. C1 USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Jurgen.Garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2006)11:5(502) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 077CP UT WOS:000240005600013 ER PT J AU Rehner, SA Posada, F Buckley, EP Infante, F Castillo, A Vega, FE AF Rehner, Stephen A. Posada, Francisco Buckley, Ellen P. Infante, Francisco Castillo, Alfredo Vega, Fernando E. TI Phylogenetic origins of African and Neotropical Beauveria bassiana s.l. pathogens of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Hypothenemus hampei; coffee berry borer; coffee; biogeography; phylogeny; EFI-alpha; nuclear intergenic regions; EFutr; Bloc ID CRYPTIC SPECIATION; COLEOPTERA; RECOMBINATION; SCOLYTIDAE; INFERENCE; INSECTS; NUCLEAR; RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION; AGAROSE AB A phylogenetic epidemiological study of Beauveria bassiana s.l. was conducted for African and Neotropical pathogens of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, based on inferences from two nuclear intergenic regions, EFutr and Bloc. CBB pathogens were distributed among four terminal clades, however, the majority of African and Neotropical isolates cluster in a well-supported monophyletic group, informally designated AFNEO_1. Although the relationship between African and Neotropical AFNEO_1 is unresolved, the majority of alleles detected were exclusive to either the African or the Neotropical populations. These fixed genetic differences suggest that their disjunction predates the world trade in coffee. Neotropical AFNEO_1 have a broad host range and CBB pathogens are intermixed phylogenetically with isolates from diverse indigenous insects. Several Neotropical AFNEO_1 isolates were isolated from coffee plants as epiphytes or endophytes, thus plants themselves may potentially serve as reservoirs of pathogens against their insect pests. Topological incongruence between the EFutr and Bloc phylogenies of Neotropical AFNEO_1 may signify that individuals within this population are recombining. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rehners@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Alfredo, Castillo/B-5491-2016; OI Alfredo, Castillo/0000-0003-1452-0026; Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 74 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.04.005 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 081NA UT WOS:000240323100002 PM 16806258 ER PT J AU Kunkel, BA Shapiro-Ilan, DI Campbell, JF Lewis, EE AF Kunkel, Brian A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Campbell, James F. Lewis, Edwin E. TI Effect of Steinernema glaseri-infected host exudates on movement of conspecific infective juveniles SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema glaseri; Galleria mellonella; foraging behavior; entomopathogenic nematodes; infection dynamics; exudates ID POPILLIA-JAPONICA COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; SCARABAEIDAE LARVAE; SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; COLONIZING SEX; VOLATILE CUES; INSECT HOST; CARPOCAPSAE; XENORHABDUS AB The entomopathogenic nematode's decision to infect a host is paramount because once the decision is made it is irrevocable; nematodes that invade a host either develop and achieve reproductive success, or they die. Entomopathogenic nematodes that have a cruiser foraging behavior, such as Steinernema glaseri, follow host-associated cues to locate insects to infect. Most of the host finding and infection dynamics research has focused on the infective juvenile nematodes' responses to cues from live insects such as host-associated volatiles and host contact cues. Few studies focus on how previously infected hosts influence infective juvenile infection behaviors. We investigated how exudates from nematode-infected hosts affect the behavior of S. glaseri infective juveniles. We hypothesized that the infective juvenile's behavioral response to cadavers would change as the state of a nematode-infected host changes during pathogenesis. We examined the effect of exudates collected from infected hosts on infective juvenile locomotory behavior. We detected no effects on nematode repulsion or attraction from exudates produced within the first 48 h post-infection. We observed repulsion from accumulated exudates during the 3-48, 3-72, 3-120, and 3-144 h intervals. Repulsion from exudates was observed during the 48-66, 72-90, and 120-138 h intervals in experiments evaluating daily exudate emissions. The repellent effect of infected host exudates may result in an infective juvenile discriminating between suitable and unsuitable hosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.04.009 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 081NA UT WOS:000240323100006 PM 16750218 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Barros, ATM AF Guerrero, Felix D. Barros, A. Thadeu M. TI Role of kdr and esterase-mediated metabolism in pyrethroid-resistant populations of Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera : Muscidae) in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritam irritam; pyrethroid resistance; kdr; insecticide bioassays ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA; SODIUM-CHANNEL MUTATIONS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FLY DIPTERA; DIAZINON; CYPERMETHRIN; PERMETHRIN; L. AB The born fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), has become a problem for Brazilian cattle producers even though its introduction into Brazil is relatively recent. Failure to control this cattle pest is becoming a concern, and horn fly populations from several ranches from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul were surveyed for pyrethroid resistance. Susceptibility bioassays revealed that cypermethrin resistance was widespread and reached high levels in horn fly populations throughout the state, with resistance factors (RFs) ranging from 50.4 to 704.8. Synergist bioassays failed to detect a major role for esterases as a pyrethroid resistance mechanism in these populations, except for the highly pyrethroid-resistant Estrela do Oeste population (RF = 704.8). The kdr sodium channel gene mutation was not detected in eight of the 13 populations, but < 7% of individuals from four populations and 50% of the flies from Estrela do Oeste exhibited this mutation. Neither the superkdr sodium channel gene mutation nor a resistance-associated gene mutation in the Hi alpha E7 carboxylesterase were found in any of the fly populations. Although target site insensitivity (kdr) and esterase-mediated metabolism occur in horn fly populations from Mato Grosso do Sul state, it seems that they are not the major mechanism causing pyrethroid resistance in most of these populations. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. Embrapa Pantanal, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 896 EP 901 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[896:ROKAEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200019 PM 17017226 ER PT J AU Crippen, TL Sheffield, C AF Crippen, Tawni L. Sheffield, Cynthia TI External surface disinfection of the lesser mealworm (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lesser mealworm; external disinfection; Alphitobius diaperinus; bacteria; poultry litter beetle ID ALPHITOBIUS-DIAPERINUS COLEOPTERA; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DISEASE VIRUS; POULTRY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; EUBACTERIALES; HOUSES; TRANSMISSION AB Understanding the dynamics of movement of bacteria within the environment and between species is crucial to unraveling the epidemiology of bacterial diseases and to developing biosecurity measures to prevent dissemination. Many arthropods, some beneficial and some detrimental, inhabit poultry houses. The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a pest commonly found in poultry litter that can harbor pathogens involved in both human and animal health issues. Current farm management practices perpetuate persistent infestations contributing to the dispersal of beetles and pathogens. To study the dissemination of bacteria by this beetle, we require the ability to differentiate internal from external sources of bacteria carried by the beetle. In this study, we tested previously described methods to externally disinfect beetles and found disinfectant efficacies between 40 and 98%. The irregular surface of the insect posed a challenge to cleansing procedures because the surface offered many recesses able to sequester bacteria. Complete bacterial disinfection was achieved with a serial treatment of ethanol and hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Area Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Area Res Ctr, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 916 EP 923 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[916:ESDOTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200022 PM 17017229 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA McElwain, TF Rurangirwa, FR Knowles, DP Lysyk, TJ AF Scoles, Glen A. McElwain, Terry F. Rurangirwa, Fred R. Knowles, Donald P. Lysyk, Timothy J. TI A Canadian bison isolate of anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales : Anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari : Ixodidae), whereas ticks from two Canadian D. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a US strain SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transmission; ticks; bison; Dermacentor andersoni; Anaplasma marginate ID NORTH-AMERICAN BISON; INFECTION; MIDGUT AB Anaplasma marginale Theiler is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle with a global distribution in both temperate and tropical regions. The pathogen is endemic in regions within the United States, whereas the Canadian cattle population is considered to be free of A. marginale. Farmed bison, Bison bison L., in central Saskatchewan have been found to be infected with A. marginale; however, there is no evidence of transmission from bison to cattle. We tested a Saskatchewan bison isolate of A. marginale (SB1) to determine whether it is transmissible by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. Colonized D. andersoni from the United States and Canada failed to transmit SB1. A separate transmission trial using D. andersoni adults reared from ticks collected in Alberta and British Columbia showed that ticks from these populations could successfully transmit the St. Maries, Idaho, strain of A. marginale. Although the Saskatchewan bison isolate of A. marginate seems not to be transmissible by D. andersoni, in the event of the introduction of a tick-transmissible strain, Canadian D. andersoni are likely to be competent vectors. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 971 EP 975 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[971:ACBIOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200029 PM 17017236 ER PT J AU Zou, L Miller, SN Schmidtmann, ET AF Zou, Li Miller, Scott N. Schmidtmann, Edward T. TI Mosquito larval habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: Implications of coalbed methane development and West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex tarsalis; risk; discharge water ID VECTOR HABITATS; LANDSAT; MALARIA; FEVER; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; SATELLITES; TM AB Potential larval habitats of the mosquito Culex tarsalis (Coquillett), implicated as a primary vector of West Nile virus in Wyoming, were identified using integrated remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analyses. The study area is in the Powder River Basin of north central Wyoming, an area that has been undergoing a significant increase in coalbed methane gas extractions since the late 1990s. Large volumes of water are discharged, impounded, and released during the extraction of methane gas, creating aquatic habitats that have the potential to support immature mosquito development. Landsat TM and ETM + data were initially classified into spectrally distinct water and vegetation classes, which were in turn used to identify suitable larval habitat sites. This initial habitat classification was refined using knowledge-based GIS techniques requiring spatial data layers for topography, streams, and soils to reduce the potential for overestimation of habitat. Accuracy assessment was carried out using field data and high-resolution aerial photography commensurate with one of the Landsat images. The classifier can identify likely habitat for ponds larger than 0.8 ha (2 acres) with generally satisfactory results (72.1%) with a lower detection limit of approximate to 0.4 ha (I acre). Results show a 75% increase in potential larval habitats from 1999 to 2004 in the study area, primarily because of the large increase in small coalbed methane water discharge ponds. These results may facilitate mosquito abatement programs in the Powder River Basin with the potential for application throughout the state and region. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Zou, L (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1034:MLHMUR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200037 PM 17017244 ER PT J AU Stroup, SE Roy, S Mchele, J Maro, V Ntabaguzi, S Siddique, A Kang, G Guerrant, RL Kirkpatrick, BD Fayer, R Herbein, J Ward, H Haque, R Houpt, ER AF Stroup, Suzanne E. Roy, Shantanu Mchele, John Maro, Venance Ntabaguzi, Simon Siddique, Abdullah Kang, Gagandeep Guerrant, Richard L. Kirkpatrick, Beth D. Fayer, Ronald Herbein, Joel Ward, Honourine Haque, Rashidul Houpt, Eric R. TI Real-time PCR detection and speciation of Cryptosporidium infection using Scorpion probes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FECAL SPECIMENS; HUMAN FECES; PARVUM; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; PARASITES; CHILDREN; LIMA AB At least eight species of Cryptosporidium can cause human infection and disease. A real-time PCR (qPCR) assay based on the 18S rRNA gene and utilizing a Scorpion probe was developed to detect all human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium without the usual need for nested amplification. Sensitivity of detection in stool samples was highest using a glass bead-based DNA extraction method (under 103 oocysts per stool sample). The assay was validated against 123 human stool specimens from Bangladesh and Tanzania, exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of > 91% versus microscopy, and detected an additional eight microscopy-negative infections. Cryptosporidium parvum-specific and Cryptosporidium meleagridis-specific Scorpion qPCR assays that provided 100% accurate speciation compared with Vspl RFLP analysis and sequencing were developed subsequently. These Scorpion probe qPCR assays are simpler to perform than existing nested PCR and RFLP methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of cryptosporidiosis. C1 Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Kilimanjaro Christian Med Ctr, Dept Med, Moshi, Tanzania. Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci & Haematol, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Techlab Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Houpt, ER (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM erh6k@virginia.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI056872-02, AI043596-06] NR 18 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1222 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46678-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 085LZ UT WOS:000240606900008 PM 16914651 ER PT J AU Stetina, SR Young, LD AF Stetina, Salliana R. Young, Lawrence D. TI Comparisons of female and egg assays to identify Rotylenchulus reniformis resistance in cotton SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium barbadense; G. hirsutum; reniform nematode; resistance; Rotylenchulus reniformis ID INCOGNITA RACE 3; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SCREENING SOYBEANS; NEMATODE; MANAGEMENT; GERMPLASM; SCHEME AB More plants can be screened for reniform nematode resistance each year if the time involved can be shortened. In this study, the hypothesis that female counts are as efficient as egg counts in identifying resistant genotypes was tested. In two greenhouse experiments Gossypium genotypes which varied from resistant to susceptible to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) were compared to a susceptible control cultivar. Infested field soil served as the inoculum source for the first experiment, and vermiform stages extracted from greenhouse cultures were used to infest soil in the second experiment. Six replicates of each genotype were harvested 25 d after planting and swollen females were counted. The remaining plants were harvested 35 d after planting and eggs extracted from the roots were counted. Processing and counting times recorded in the first experiment were similar for both assessment methods, but 10 additional days were required for egg-based assessment. Contrast analyses showed that assessments based on females per gram of root were equivalent to assessments based on eggs per gram of root for the five genotypes tested in the first experiment and for an expanded set of 13 genotypes tested in the second experiment. The results indicated that either life stage can be used to screen for resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Stetina, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sstetina@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 326 EP 332 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 115AX UT WOS:000242708000004 PM 19259536 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Zasada, IA Roberts, DP Vinyard, BT Lakshman, DK Lee, JK Chitwood, DJ Carta, LK AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Zasada, Inga A. Roberts, Daniel P. Vinyard, Bryan T. Lakshman, Dilip K. Lee, Jae-Kook Chitwood, David J. Carta, Lynn K. TI Plantago lanceolata and Plantago rugelii extracts are toxic to Meloidogyne incognita but not to certain microbes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterobacter cloacae; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp gladioli; Meloidogyne incognita; natural product; Phytophthora capsici; Plantago lanceolata; Plantago rugelii; plantain; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani; root-knot nematode; Trichoderma virens ID IN-VITRO; POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; CUCUMBER AB Extracts from the plants Plantago lanceolata and P. rugelii were evaluated for toxicity to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, the beneficial microbes Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma virens, and the plant-pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum., and Rhizoctonia solani. Wild plants were collected, roots were excised from shoots, and the plant parts were dried and ground to a powder. One set of extracts (10% w/v) was prepared in water and another in methanol. Treatments included extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and water controls. Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch was recorded after 7-day exposure to the treatments, and second-stage juvenile (J2) activity after 48 hours. All extracts were toxic to eggs and J2, with P. lanceolata shoot extract tending to have the most activity against M. incognita. Numbers of active J2 remained the same or decreased in a 24-hour water rinse following the 48-hour extract treatment, indicating that the extracts were lethal. When data from water- and methanol-extracted roots and shoots of both plant species were combined for analysis, J2 tended to be more sensitive than eggs to the toxic compounds at lower concentrations, while the higher concentrations (75% and 100%) were equally toxic to both life stages. The effective concentrations causing 50% reduction (EC50) in egg hatch and in J2 viability were 44.4% and 43.7%, respectively. No extract was toxic to any of the bacteria or fungi in our assays. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit,US Natl Arboretu, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Korea Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Nematol Lab, Appl Entomol Div, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol,Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441707, South Korea. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Nematol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM meyerf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 115AX UT WOS:000242708000005 PM 19259537 ER PT J AU Melakeberhan, H Noel, GR AF Melakeberhan, H. Noel, G. R. TI Effects of biosolid soil amendment on Heterodera glycines populations SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolid amendment; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; management; nematode development; soil amendment; soil type; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; N-VIRO SOIL; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; UNITED-STATES AB The high degree of parasitic variability in Heterodera glycives and its distribution in a wide range of soybean production systems present multiple challenges for management, which necessitate increased understanding of the biology of H. glycines. Soil amendments are being considered either as stand-alone and/or as part of integrated management approaches. A recycled municipal biosolid with nutrition supplement and liming qualities, N-Viro Soil (NVS) has potential as a multi-purpose soil amendment. In three greenhouse experiments, the effects of 0, 1.0 or 4.0 g NVS/100 cm(3) of sandy loam soil on three H. glycives populations (GN1, GN2 and GN3) were investigated on soybean grown for 557 68 degree-days (base 10 degrees C). The response of the three H. glycines Populations to NVS treatment varied by experiment. The overall numbers of preadult stages and cysts generally decreased with increasing levels of NVS in all experiments, and the high rate was more effective than the low rate in suppressing H. glycines numbers. This suggests that the high NVS treatment can affect the three populations in the experimental soil type tinder controlled conditions. Field Studies to determine efficacy of the soil amendment in a wide range of environments should be initiated. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Melakeberhan, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hadimela@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 115AX UT WOS:000242708000008 PM 19259540 ER PT J AU Vovlas, N Landa, BB Liebanas, G Handoo, ZA Subbotin, SA Castillo, P AF Vovlas, N. Landa, B. B. Liebanas, G. Handoo, Z. A. Subbotin, S. A. Castillo, P. TI Characterization of the cystoid nematode Meloidoderita kirjanovae (Nemata : Sphaeronematidae) from southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE histopathology; host-parasite relationships; Mentha aquatica; molecular analysis; morphology; SEM; taxonomy; phylogeny ID FORMING NEMATODES; GENE-SEQUENCES; TYLENCHIDA; CRICONEMATOIDEA; IDENTIFICATION; HETERODERIDAE; PHYLOGENY; IRAN AB A population of the cystoid nematode Meloidoderita kirjanovae was detected parasitizing water mint (Mentha aquatica) in southern Italy. The morphological identification of this species was confirmed by molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 5.8S gene sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), which clearly separated it from the closely related species Meloidoderita polygoni. A phylogenetic analysis of M. kirjanovae with species of related genera was conducted using sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. The resulting phylogenetic tree was congruent with trees from an extended dataset for Criconematina and Tylenchicla. The basal position of the genus Meloidoderita together with Sphaeronema within the Criconematina clade in this tree may indicate their close relationships. The anatomical changes induced by M. kirjanovae population from Italy in water mint were similar to those reported for a nematode population infecting roots of M. longifolia in Israel. Nematode feeding caused the formation of a stellar syncytium that disorganized the pericycle and vascular root tissues. C1 CNR, Ist Protezione Piante, Sez Bari Nematol Agr, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Cordoba, Coll Agr ETSIAM, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. CSIC, Inst Sustainable Agr, Cordoba 14080, Spain. Univ Jaen, Dept Biol Anim Biol Vegetal & Ecol, Jaen 23071, Spain. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Vovlas, N (reprint author), CNR, Ist Protezione Piante, Sez Bari Nematol Agr, Via G Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM ag1cascp@uco.es RI Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014; Castillo, Pablo/A-1445-2011; Castillo, Pablo/A-2274-2017; OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731; Castillo, Pablo/0000-0003-0256-876X; Castillo, Pablo/0000-0003-0256-876X; Liebanas Torres, Gracia Maria/0000-0003-4213-1458 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 376 EP 382 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 115AX UT WOS:000242708000011 PM 19259543 ER PT J AU Olney, DK Pollitt, E Kariger, PK Khalfan, SS Ali, NS Tielsch, JM Sazawal, S Black, R Allen, LH Stoltzfus, RJ AF Olney, Deanna K. Pollitt, Ernesto Kariger, Patricia K. Khalfan, Sabra S. Ali, Nadra S. Tielsch, James M. Sazawal, Sunil Black, Robert Allen, Lindsay H. Stoltzfus, Rebecca J. TI Combined iron and folic acid supplementation with or without zinc reduces time to walking unassisted among Zanzibari infants 5-to 11-mo old SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RURAL GUATEMALAN INFANTS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-DEVELOPMENT; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; PHYSICAL GROWTH; UNDERNOURISHED CHILDREN; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT AB Iron and zinc deficiencies have been associated with delayed motor development in nutritionally at-risk children, albeit inconsistently. In this community-based, randomized double-blind trial, iron+folic acid (FeFA) (12.5 mg Fe + 50 mu g folic acid), zinc (Zn) (10 mg), and iron+folic acid+zinc (FeFA+Zn) supplements or a placebo were given daily for 1 y to nutritionally at-risk children in Pemba, Zanzibar. The effects of these treatments on attaining unassisted walking were evaluated using survival analysis for 354 children aged 5-11 mo at the start of supplementation. Treatment effects on changes in hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) Z scores were evaluated using linear regression. Attained motor milestone was recorded every 2 wk for 1 y. Hb, ZPP, HAZ, and WAZ were measured at baseline and after 6 mo of treatment. FeFA with or without Zn reduced the time it took for children to walk assisted. Children who received any iron walked unassisted sooner than those who received no iron [median difference similar to 15 d, P = 0.035, risk ratio (RR) = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.61] and this effect was stronger in those who had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) at baseline (median difference was similar to 30 d; P = 0.002; RR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.32). FeFA alone and Zn alone improved Hb and ZPP compared with placebo. There were no significant treatment effects on changes in HAZ or WAZ. The effects of treatment on time to walking may have been mediated by improvements in iron status or hemoglobin, but were not mediated through improvements in growth. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pemba Publ Hlth Lab Ivo de Carneri, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Stoltzfus, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. EM rjs62@cornell.edu OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 136 IS 9 BP 2427 EP 2434 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077VF UT WOS:000240058500025 PM 16920865 ER PT J AU Hicks, PD Zavaleta, N Chen, ZS Abrams, SA Lonnerdal, B AF Hicks, Penni D. Zavaleta, Nelly Chen, Zhensheng Abrams, Steven A. Lonnerdal, Bo TI Iron deficiency, but not anemia, upregulates iron absorption in breast-fed Peruvian infants SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INDONESIAN INFANTS; DIETARY IRON; HUMAN-MILK; SUPPLEMENTATION; LACTOFERRIN; TRIAL; AGE; ERYTHROCYTES; GROWTH; ZINC AB Iron absorption in adults is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms that decrease absorption when iron status is high. There are few data, however, regarding the existence of a similar homeostatic regulation in infants. We studied 2 groups of human milk-fed infants using 57 Fe (given as ferrous sulfate without any milk) and Fe-58 (given at the time of a breast-milk feeding) stable isotopes to determine whether healthy infants at risk for iron deficiency would regulate their iron absorption based on their iron status. We studied 20 Peruvian infants at 5-6 mo of age and 18 infants at 9-10 mo of age. We found no effect of infant hemoglobin concentration on iron absorption with 5-6 mo-old infants absorbing 19.2 +/- 2.1% and 9- to 10-mo-old infants absorbing 25.8 +/- 2.6% of the Fe-57 dose. For Fe-58, 5- to 6-mo-old infants absorbed 42.6 +/- 5.0% and 9 to 10-mo-old infants absorbed 51.9 +/- 10.3%. Following log transformation, iron absorption from Fe-57 (r = -0.61, P = < 0.001) and Fe-58 (r = -0.61, P = < 0.001)were inversely correlated to serum ferritin (S-Ft). For both the Fe-57 and Fe-58 doses, infants with S-Ft < 12 mg/L(n = 11) had significantly higher iron absorption than those with S-Ft > 12 mg/L. We concluded that iron absorption in infants is related to iron status as assessed by serum ferritin but not hemoglobin concentration. Infants with low iron status upregulate iron absorption from breast milk at both 5-6 and 9-10 mo of age. C1 Inst Invest Nutric, Lima 180191, Peru. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS,Childrens Nutrit Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hicks, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pennih@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 136 IS 9 BP 2435 EP 2438 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077VF UT WOS:000240058500026 PM 16920866 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG DeMars, LCS AF Reeves, Philip G. DeMars, Lana C. S. TI Signs of iron deficiency in copper-deficient rats are not affected by iron supplements administered by diet or by injection SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper; iron; absorption; anemia; iron deficiency; rats ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; HEPHAESTIN PROTEIN; HEME-SYNTHESIS; GROWING-RAT; CERULOPLASMIN; ANEMIA; MICE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The goal of this study was to determine the effects of Fe supplementation on the anemia of Cu deficiency in rats. In addition, we observed changes in serum and organ Cu and Fe during the development of Cu deficiency. In Experiment 1, weanling mate Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93G diets containing either < 0.3 ing Cu [Cu deficient (CuD)] or 6.0 ing Cu [Cu adequate (CuA)] per kilogram diet, and 35 mg Fe/kg. Five rats from each group were killed at intervals for the analysis of hematologic parameters and mineral content of various organs. In Experiment 2, two groups of 24 rats each were fed either the CuA diet or the CuD diet for 14 days. Then, three sets of eight rats in each group received three separate Fe treatments: (1) daily intraperitoneal injections of 400 Lg Fe (Cu-free ferric citrate) per rat for another 14 days, (2) fed similar diets that contained three times the normal amount of Fe (105 mg/kg) for 14 days, or (3) received no further Fe treatment. At day 21, all rats were fed a 1-g meal labeled with Fe-59 to determine Fe.absorption. After 28 days, rats were killed for the analyses of Fe and Cu status. Results of Experiment I showed that within 14 days, CuD rats had lower blood hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular volume than CuA rats. Copper concentrations in all tissues measured were lower in the CuD rats than in controls. Serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity in CuD rats was only 0.8% of CuA rats at day 7. During this period, enterocyte and liver Fe concentrations were elevated and serum Fe was reduced, but there was no change in spleen Fe. Results of Experiment 2 showed that CuD rats absorbed less Fe than CuA rats. Supplemental Fe by diet or by intraperitoneal injections did not prevent anemia in the CuD rats or affect other parameters of Cu status. Serum total iron binding capacity [transferrin (Tf)] was not changed by Cu deficiency or by Fe supplementation; however, percent Tf saturation was reduced in CuD rats but was not enhanced by Fe supplementation. These data suggest that anemia of Cu deficiency occurs because of reduced Fe absorption, and it inhibits release of Fe from the liver and inefficient loading of Fe into Tf because of very low plasma Cp activity. The latter then leads to inefficient delivery of Fe to the erythroid cells for heme and Hgb synthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.04.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 079FF UT WOS:000240160200007 PM 16781861 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Malone, RW Tomer, MD Meade, TG Welch, J AF Singer, J. W. Malone, R. W. Tomer, M. D. Meade, T. G. Welch, J. TI Compost effect on water retention and native plant establishment on a construction embankment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE native plants; slope position; yard-waste compost; water content ID SOIL; TILLAGE; EROSION; SURFACE AB Compost amendment of soil provides benefits that are well documented for agricultural soils, but not for disturbed soils in urban environments. The objective of this study was to determine if yard-waste compost increased soil moisture and native plant establishment along a construction embankment (cut slope with mean of six percent) in Altoona, Iowa. Compost was surface applied or incorporated at the beginning of the study period at a rate of 143.1 Mg dry matter ha(-1) (63.8 t ac(-1)) and compared to a control that received no compost. Plant community composition shifted during the three-year study period from annual grass- (primarily foxtail, Setaria sp.) and forb-dominated communities to perennial communities. After three years, species composition was similar, although species density was greater in compost treatments compared to the control at the upper slope (10.9 vs. 6.3 species m(-2)). Shoot biomass was greater in compost treatments compared to the control (395 vs. 154 g m(-2); o.86 vs. 0.32 lb 10.76 ft(-2)). Following significant rainfall (greater than 2 cm or 0.79 in), water storage (0 to 15 cm; 0 to 6 in depth) was greatest when compost was incorporated (5.7 cm; 2.2 in), but surface application also resulted in greater moisture (5.4 cm; 2.1 in) than the control (5.0 CM; 2 in). While treatment effects on soil moisture (p less than 0.05) occurred following rain, slope-position effects only occurred under dry conditions. Surface applying or incorporating yard-waste compost to construction embankments can increase water retention after rainfall and increase plant growth. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Urban Resources & Borderland Alliance Network URB, Woodward, IA USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 268 EP 273 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 105AN UT WOS:000242001800009 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Bryant, RB AF Penn, C. J. Bryant, R. B. TI Application of phosphorus sorbing materials to streamside cattle loafing areas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; phosphorus sorbing materials; runoff; water quality ID WATER-TREATMENT RESIDUALS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; OVERLAND-FLOW; PARTICULATE PHOSPHORUS; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; BY-PRODUCTS; SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORT AB Excessive soil phosphorus (P) concentrations among cattle loafing areas located in close proximity to surface waters represent great potential for P transport. This study assessed the ability of several P sorbing materials in reducing P losses from streamside cattle loafing areas. Simulated rainfall was applied at seven (time 1) and 28 (time 2) days after P sorbing material applications to runoff plots on cattle loafing areas located at Amish farms. Treatments consisted of alum, water treatment residuals, fly-ash, gypsum, and no amendment (control). Alum addition reduced time 1 runoff P concentrations the most followed by water treatment residuals similar to gypsum, then fly-ash. However, runoff P losses from P sorbing materials were not significantly different from the control at time 2. These results suggest that P sorbing materials alone provide only a temporary solution to P tosses from cattle loafing areas and should be used with other best management practices. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 303 EP 310 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 105AN UT WOS:000242001800013 ER PT J AU Greer, E Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Greer, E. Pezeshki, S. R. Shields, F. D., Jr. TI Influences of cutting diameter and soil moisture on growth and survival of black willow, Salix nigra SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cutting size; erosion control; riparian restoration; streambank stabilization; soil moisture ID WATER-TABLE DECLINE; SEEDLINGS; HYBRID; SALICACEAE; VEGETATION; EROSION AB Streambank restoration projects utilize large black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings otherwise known as posts; however, potential exists that smaller size cuttings alone or in combination may improve success efforts. Furthermore, the effects of soil moisture conditions and the potential interaction between size of the cutting and soil moisture regime have not been tested. Therefore, a greenhouse study was conducted to quantify cutting performance in response to the combined effects of soil moisture and diameter size. Replicated cuttings with basal diameters measuring 1, 5, or 10 cm (0.4, 2, or 4 in) were placed in three soil moisture regimes including well-watered, periodic flooding and drought. Biomass accumulation and partitioning, height, and survival were measured. Under periodic flooded conditions, 10 cm (4 in) cuttings had greater leaf number and weight (p<.05), leaf area index (p<.05), shoot weight (p<.05), root weight (p<.05), and height growth (p<.05) compared to 1 and 5 cm (0.4 and 2 in) cuttings (p<.05). Survival was best for 1 cm (0.4) cuttings in all three moisture regimes (100 percent) and for 10 cm (4 in) cuttings under flooded conditions (100 percent). Growth and biomass of 10 cm (4 in) cuttings were reduced by drought compared to periodic flooding treatment (p=.02). Based on the data, it appears that planting strategies using 1 cm (0.4 in) cuttings of black willow in any given moisture regime may lead to increased survival rates. Planting larger cuttings may improve overall restoration success. The technique of planting a combination of these two diameters may help to further stabilize streambanks. C1 EnSafe Inc, Memphis, TN 38134 USA. Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MA USA. RP Greer, E (reprint author), EnSafe Inc, Memphis, TN 38134 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 311 EP 323 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 105AN UT WOS:000242001800014 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM Dodd, KW Reedy, J Krebs-Smith, SM AF Guenther, Patricia M. Dodd, Kevin W. Reedy, Jill Krebs-Smith, Susan M. TI Most Americans eat much less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Objective To estimate the proportions of the population meeting recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, we first estimated the usual intake distributions of total fruits. and vegetables and then compared the results to the 5 A Day recommendation and to the recommendations for fruits and vegetables combined, found in the new US Department of Agriculture food guide, MyPyramid. Design/subjects The primary dataset was created from one 24-hour recall from each of 8,070 respondents in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Variances were estimated using one or two 24-hour recalls from 14,963 respondents in the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Statistical analysis The statistical method developed at Iowa State University was used for estimating distributions of usual intake of dietary components that are consumed daily. It was modified to allow the adjustment of heterogeneous within-person variances using an external estimate of heterogeneity. Results In 1999-2000, only 40% of Americans ate an average of five or more 1/2-cup servings of fruits and vegetables per day. The proportions of sex-age groups meeting the new US Department of Agriculture recommendations ranged from 0.7% of boys aged 14 to 18 years, whose combined recommendation is 5 cups, to 48% of children aged 2 to 3 years, whose combined recommendation is 2 cups. Conclusions Americans need to consume more fruits and vegetables, especially dark green and orange vegetables and legumes. Nutritionists must help consumers realize that, for everyone older than age 3 years, the new recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are greater than the familiar five servings a day. C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NCI, Stat Res & Applicat Branch, Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Guenther, PM (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Ste 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Guenther@cnpp.usda.gov NR 28 TC 327 Z9 333 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1371 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.002 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 081MV UT WOS:000240322600015 PM 16963342 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, Kay M. Scholfield, Daniel J. Hallfrisch, Judith TI Whole-grain diets reduce blood pressure in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHINESE POPULATION; HEART-DISEASE; OLDER WOMEN; FIBER; RISK; HEALTH; CONSUMPTION; BARLEY AB The objective of this study was to compare the effects on blood pressure of predominantly insoluble fiber (whole wheat and brown rice) and soluble fiber (barley) in a whole-grain diet. Subjects (seven men, nine premenopausal women, and nine postmenopausal women) consumed a controlled Step I diet for 2 weeks; then about 20% of energy was replaced with whole wheat/brown rice, barley, or half wheat-rice/half barley, for 5 weeks each. Blood pressure was determined weekly and weight daily before breakfast. Urinary excretions of minerals that might affect blood pressure and urea nitrogen were determined each period. Systolic pressure was lower after the wheat/rice and half-and-half diets. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were reduced by all whole-grain diets. No differences were observed in urinary measurements. In a healthful diet, increasing whole-grain foods, whether high in soluble or insoluble fiber, can reduce blood pressure and may help to control weight. C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behallk@ba.ars.usda.gou NR 40 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1445 EP 1449 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.010 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 081MV UT WOS:000240322600023 PM 16963350 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Dudley, RL Mazenko, CE Marmer, WN AF Gehring, Andrew G. Dudley, Robert L. Mazenko, Chad E. Marmer, William N. TI Rapid oxidative dehairing with magnesium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Union-of-Leather-Technologists-and-Chemists-Societies (IULTCS) CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Union Leather Technologists & Chemists Soc ID ALKALINE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CHROME SHAVINGS; LEATHER WASTE; PILOT-SCALE; BACTERIA; HAIR; CAKE AB Sodium sulfide is traditionally used to remove hair from animal hides during tanning operations. However, alternatives to sodium sulfide are desired because sodium sulfide is an environmental pollutant that is quickly converted to highly toxic hydrogen sulfide (,,as if accidentally exposed to acid. In past research, we demonstrated that either alkaline calcium peroxide or alkaline hydrogen peroxide may be used as an effective substitute for concentrated sodium sulfide for rapid dehairing. More recently, we demonstrated the effectiveness of alkaline hydrogen peroxide with potassium cyanate. Here we similarly present alternative oxidative dehairing reagents/conditions, using magnesium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate, which may also find application in either the packing plant or beamhouse. As observed with previously reported rapid dehairing, dehairing often is not thorough, leaving very short stubble. However, residual hair was readily removed with a sodium sulfide sharpening/hairburn, indicating that hair stubble was not immunized by the oxidative treatment. Dehairing reaction conditions that rapidly removed 80% or greater of hair from cattle hide pieces were observed for magnesium peroxide (5%, 15% NaOH, 200% float, 45 degrees C, 8 min, hairburn process) and potassium peroxymonosulfate (5%, 15% NaOH, 200% float, 45 degrees C, 7 min, hairburn process). Leather produced from matched side pieces that were subjected to these oxidative dehairing treatments was determined to take up less chromium yet was tougher than leather produced using conventional hairburn with sodium sulfide. Other physical testing results are also reported. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM agehring@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 101 IS 9 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 087DQ UT WOS:000240723200003 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP Cooke, P AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. Cooke, Peter TI Effects of stretching and drying rate on the mechanical properties of chrome-free leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB Stretching chrome-free leather tanned with glutaraldehyde during vacuum drying may possibly be the best drying method for this particular type of leather, because it results In an improved area yield and better mechanical properties due to a lower drying temperature. We explored this composite drying method and investigated how drying variables affect the drying rate and mechanical properties of chrome-free leather that was tanned with glutaraldehyde. Using a statistical experimental design, a second order polynomial equation was derived to quantitatively describe the relationship between the drying rate and three major independent variables: drying temperature, stretch %, and drying time. Drying rate models derived from this investigation provide a clear understanding of the drying process for chrome-free leather. The drying constant indicates that chrome free leather dries faster than chrome-tanned leather. These models will help the leather industry estimate the proper drying parameters. Our studies showed that stretch % during vacuum drying is the most significant variable affecting the stiffness and area retention of leather. This research indicated that stretching should not be overdone and the preferable length increase should not be greater than 10%; otherwise poor leather properties may result, such as an elongation less than 40% and toughness index less than 1. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ChengKung.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 101 IS 9 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 087DQ UT WOS:000240723200004 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Allan, SA Bernier, UR Posey, KH AF Kline, Daniel L. Allan, Sandra A. Bernier, Ulrich R. Posey, Kenneth H. TI Olfactometer and large cage evaluation of a solid phase technology for the controlled production of CO2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; carbon dioxide; chemical generation; surveillance; sachet ID MOSQUITO; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB New technology by ICA for chemical generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) was evaluated in olfactometer and large outdoor cage tests against laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti for potential use in mosquito surveillance programs. The proprietary CO2 generation system consists of a poly-Tyvek (R) sachet containing 2 solid ingredients. Activated sachets immediately react to generate and release predictable levels Of CO2 over time. In noncompetitive olfactometer studies, a freshly activated sachet attracted an average +/- SE of 96.6 +/- 0.9% of the available mosquitoes compared with 20.2 +/- 6.5% for 5 ml/min CO2 released from a compressed gas cylinder. In competitive tests, the sachet attracted 92.4 +/- 1.2% compared with 0.9 +/- 0.5% for the compressed gas. In the olfactometer, aged sachets attracted > 90% of the available mosquitoes up to 8 h and ca. 27% 1 wk after activation. In the large outdoor cages, traps baited with activated sachets captured 2.2-5.4 times as many mosquitoes as unbaited traps, depending on time of testing after activation. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[378:OALCEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700004 PM 17067034 ER PT J AU Ali, A Xue, RD Barnard, DR AF Ali, Arshad Xue, Rui-De Barnard, Donald R. TI Effects of sublethal exposure to boric acid sugar bait on adult survival, host-seeking, bloodfeeding behavior, and reproduction of Stegomyia albopicta SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; boric acid bait; toxicity; fecundity; fertility; egg hatch ID MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; DOSAGES AB Effects of sublethal exposure to 0.1% boric acid sugar bait on adult survival, host-seeking, bloodfeeding behavior, and reproduction of Stegomyia albopicta were studied in the laboratory. Survival of males as well as females was significantly reduced when exposed to the bait, compared to control adults. The host-seeking and bloodfeeding activities in the baited females decreased, but the mean duration of blood engorgement (probing to voluntary withdrawal of proboscis) was not significantly different between the baited and control females. The landing and biting rates (human forearm) were significantly reduced in the baited females compared to nonbaited controls. Fecundity and fertility (based on number of laid eggs per female and percentage egg hatch, respectively) in the baited females were significantly reduced, and ovarian development was retarded. Sublethal exposure to sugar-based boric acid bait has the potential to reduce adult populations of St. albopicta. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Bin Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[464:EOSETB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700017 PM 17067047 ER PT J AU Kline, DL AF Kline, Daniel L. TI Traps and trapping techniques for adult mosquito control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY APR 01-07, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc DE traps; mosquito control; attractants; mass trapping; lure; kill ID TSETSE-FLIES DIPTERA; ODOR-BAITED TARGETS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GLOSSINIDAE; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; POPULATIONS; FLORIDA; PESTICIDES; MANAGEMENT AB An overview is presented of the recent advancements in research activities conducted to evaluate mosquito traps, insecticide-impregnated targets baited with combinations of attractants, and strategies for using mass trapping techniques for adult mosquito population management. Technologies that use semiochemicals (attractants), traps and targets, and mass trapping are relatively new for management of adult mosquito populations. To date, emphasis has been placed primarily on developing barriers of attractant-baited and insecticide-impregnated targets. The most successful continuous use of this type of technology has been at Stevens' Landing, Collier County, Florida. Recently, commercially available traps have been evaluated for their ability to reduce nuisance populations of mosquitoes. Whereas use of Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro (MM-Pro) traps along a nature trail on an isolated island (Atsena Otie) in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a significant reduction in annoyance caused by the black salt-marsh mosquito, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wied.), a perimeter of the same traps did not result in the same level of mosquito reduction in a residential area in Gainesville, FL. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[490:TATTFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700022 PM 17067051 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Kline, DL Ali, A Barnard, DR AF Xue, Rui-De Kline, Daniel L. Ali, Arshad Barnard, Donald R. TI Application of boric acid baits to plant foliage for adult mosquito control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY APR 01-07, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc DE Aedes albopictus; Culex nigripalpus; Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus; adulticide; stomach poison; mosquito control ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FLORIDA; TRAPS AB Boric acid (1%) in 5% sugar water bait solution was applied as a spray to the foliage, stems, and other surfaces of plants for control of adult Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. Initial studies outdoors in small (1.42-m(3)) screened cages showed that exposure of male and female mosquitoes to 1% boric acid bait for 48 h resulted in 80 to 100% mortality in Ae. albopictus and >= 98% mortality in Cx. nigripalpus and Oc. taeniorhynchus. At 48 h posttreatment, in large (1,178-m(3)) outdoor screened cages, 1% boric acid bait applied as a spray to plant surfaces significantly reduced the landing rates of Ae. albopictus and Cx. nigripalpus on a human subject as well as the numbers of these two species captured in mechanical traps, compared with responses for adults exposed to 5% sugar water solution only (control). Boric acid bait treatments in large screened cages did not significantly reduce landing rates or trap captures of Oc. taeniorhynchus. The application of boric acid baits to plant surfaces may be an effective adulticidal method for selected species of pest and disease vector mosquitoes. C1 Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, 500 Old Beach Rd, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[497:AOBABT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700023 PM 17067052 ER PT J AU Zhu, JW Zeng, XP Yanma Liu, T Qian, K Han, YH Xue, SQ Tucker, B Schultz, G Coats, J Rowley, W Zhang, AJ AF Zhu, Junwei Zeng, Xiaopeng Yanma Liu, Ting Qian, Kuen Han, Yuhua Xue, Suqin Tucker, Brad Schultz, Gretchen Coats, Joel Rowley, Wayne Zhang, Aijun TI Adult repellency and larvicidal activity of five plant essential oils against mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY APR 01-07, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc DE essential oils; mosquitoes; Aedes albopictus; Ae. Aegypti; Culex pipiens pallens; repellency; larvicides ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; RESISTANCE; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; SENSILLA; DEET AB The larvicidal activity and repellency of 5 plant essential oils-thyme oil, catnip oil, amyris oil, eucalyptus oil, and cinnamon oil-were tested against 3 mosquito species: Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex pipiens pallens. Larvicidal activity of these essentials oils was evaluated in the laboratory against 4th instars of each of the 3 mosquito species, and amyris oil demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect with LC50 values in 24 h of 58 mu g/ml (LC90 = 72 mu g/ml) for Ae. aegypti, 78 mu g/ml (LC90 = 130 mu g/ml) for Ae. albopictus, and 77 mu g/ml (LC90 = 123 mu g/ml) for C.y. p. pallens. The topical repellency of these selected essential oils and deet against laboratory-reared female blood-starved Ae. albopictus was examined. Catnip oil seemed to be the most effective and provided 6-h protection at both concentrations tested (23 and 468 mu g/cm(2)). Thyme oil had the highest effectiveness in repelling this species, but the repellency duration was only 2 h. The applications using these natural product essential oils in mosquito control are discussed. C1 MSTRS Technol Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhu, JW (reprint author), MSTRS Technol Inc, 2501 N Loop Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[515:ARALAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700026 PM 17067055 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ AF Becnel, James J. TI Prospects for the mosquito baculovirus CuniNPV as a tool for mosquito control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY APR 01-07, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc DE baculovirus; nucleopolyhedrovirus; biocontrol; pathology; transmission ID CULEX-NIGRIPALPUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS AB CuniNPV is a pathogen of Culex mosquitoes, vectors of West Nile virus and other forms of encephalitis. Successful development of CuniNPV requires an efficient production system and formulated product that incorporates magnesium, an essential component for transmission. It may be possible to develop mosquito baculoviruses as a new type of biopesticide by microencapsulating the virus and magnesium into formulations that would be effective regardless of the water quality. In addition, this new insight on transmission may facilitate the discovery and development of additional baculoviruses for the control of other important mosquito vectors. Biological mining of the CuniNPV genome and investigations to understand virus-mosquito interactions at the molecular level offer exciting possibilities for the development of novel mosquito control strategies and tools. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of infection will provide the opportunity to devise new control strategies, for example, compromising the defensive systems of the mosquito (proteases for the peritrophic matrix) or exploiting receptors used by the virus to specifically deliver toxins to mosquito larvae via the midgut. As additional baculovirus genomes become available, comparative genomics could lead to a more informed understanding of how the virus exploits its host as well as the factors responsible for the genus-specific host range of most known mosquito baculoviruses. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 3rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 523 EP 526 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[523:PFTMBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700027 PM 17067056 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Berhow, MA AF Compton, David L. Laszlo, Joseph A. Berhow, Mark A. TI Identification and quantification of feruloylated mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols from vegetable oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ferulic acid; feruloylated lipids; HPLC-MS; lipase; lipids; transesterification ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; MIXTURES; ESTERS; ION AB The use of HPLC-MS to separate and identify the feruloylated acylglycerols formed during the transesterification of ethyl ferulate with TAG was examined. Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B)-catalyzed transesterifications of ethyl ferulate and soybean oil resulted in a mixture of feruloylated MAG, DAG, and TAG and diferuloylated DAG and TAG. These feruloylated acylglycerols have recently garnered much interest as cosmeceutical ingredients. The ratio of the various feruloylated acylglycerol species in the resultant oils is presumed to affect the oil's cosmetic efficacy as well as its physical (formulation) properties. Thus, it was desirable to develop an analytical method to separate, identify, and quantify the individual feruloylated acylglycerols to determine their relative ratios. The feruloylated acylglycerols were successfully separated and identified by HPLC-MS using a phenyl-hexyl reversed-phase column developed with a water/methanol/1-butanol gradient. The chromatograms of the feruloylated acylglycerols from soybean oil were convoluted by myriad fatty acids; therefore, feruloylated acylglycerols from triolein were studied as a model reaction. Hydrolysis of the feruloylated acylglycerols from triolein catalyzed by Lipase PS-C "Amano" I (Burkholderia cepacia), which showed no hydrolysis reactivity toward ethyl ferulate, allowed for the chromatographic assignment of the feruloyl acylglycerol positional isomers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM comptond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 83 IS 9 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5010-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086TU UT WOS:000240696700002 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL AF Laszlo, Joseph A. Compton, David L. TI Enzymatic glycerolysis and transesterification of vegetable oil for enhanced production of feruloylated glycerols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE enzymatic transesterification; ferulic acid; lipase; triglyceride ID CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; SOLVENT-FREE MEDIUM; ORGANIC MEDIA; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; ETHANOLYSIS; ESTERS; WATER; DIACYLGLYCEROLS; ESTERIFICATION AB Novel functional groups can be introduced into vegetable oils using enzymes, resulting in value-added products. The transesterification kinetics of ethyl ferulate with MAG, DAG, and TAG were examined. Transesterification was catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B in solventless batch and packed-bed reactors. Initial reaction rates with TAG were slightly sensitive to water activity, whereas rates with MAG and DAG were water activity independent. Transesterification was also three- to sixfold faster with MAG and DAG. These observations indicate that the reaction is rate limited by the acyl acceptor, and that oils with free hydroxyl groups are preferred acyl acceptors in comparison with TAG, which must undergo partial hydrolysis before becoming reactive. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM laszloja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 83 IS 9 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5012-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086TU UT WOS:000240696700004 ER PT J AU Evangelista, RL Wu, YV Hojilia-Evangelista, MP AF Evangelista, Roque L. Wu, Y. Victor Hojilia-Evangelista, Mila P. TI Characterization of proteins in Cuphea (PSR23) seeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE amino acid composition; Cuphea; fractionation; protein; solubility ID INDUSTRIAL OILS; SOWING DATE; FATTY-ACIDS; FRACTIONATION; SEARCH; ELECTROPHORESIS; CYSTINE; MEALS; YIELD; CROP AB This study characterized the proteins in Cuphea (PSR23) seed to provide fundamental information on their size, amino acid profile, solubility classes, and solubility behavior. The seed contained 32% (dry basis, db) oil and 21 % (db) crude protein. Over 70% of the protein was extracted at pH 11.6. Nonprotein nitrogen accounted for 9% of the total N content. Compared with the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University suggested pattern of requirements, Cuphea PSR23 seed protein had sufficient amounts of methionine + cystine-cysteine, considerable amounts (90%) of valine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, but was practically devoid of tryptophan. Lysine was the second-most limiting essential amino acid at 68%. Glutelins and albumins accounted for 83.5 and 15.4%, respectively, of the total protein extracted. SDS-PAGE showed that Cuphea protein subunits had M.W. ranging from < 6.5 to 110 kDa. Dominant protein subunits in albumins had M.W. of 30, 40, 50, and 86 kDa. Glutelins had two major protein subunits with M.W. of 15 and 30 kDa. The distribution of essential amino acids was better in the albumin and glutelin fractions than in the defatted meal. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evangelista, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM evangelr@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 83 IS 9 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5015-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 086TU UT WOS:000240696700007 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Robertson, LD Baldo, AM Bjorkman, T AF Labate, Joanne A. Robertson, Larry D. Baldo, Angela M. Bjorkman, Thomas TI Inflorescence identity gene alleles are poor predictors of inflorescence type in broccoli and cauliflower SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea var. botrytis; B. oleracea var. italica; BoAPI-a; BoCAL-a; BoGSL-ELONG; developmental arrest; APETALA-1 ID FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; EVOLUTION AB Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis DQ are closely related botanical varieties. The underlying genetic bases of their phenotypic differences from each other are not well understood. A molecular genetic marker enabling B. oleracea germplasm curators and breeders to predict phenotype from seeds or seedlings would be a valuable tool. Mutant alleles at flower developmental pathway loci BoAP1-a, BoCAL-a, and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway locus BoGSL-ELONG have been reported to be associated with a cauliflower phenotype. We surveyed mutant alleles at these three loci in a genetically diverse sample of broccoli and cauliflower accessions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) and the University of Warwick, Genetic Resources Unit of Warwick HRI (HRI). Phenotypic and genotypic data were collected for multiple plants per accession during two field seasons. Simple genetic models assuming dominance or codominance of alleles were analyzed. Goodness-of-fit tests rejected the null model that the mutant genotype was associated with a cauliflower phenotype. A correlation analysis showed that BoAP1-a,and BoCAL-a alleles or loci were significantly correlated with phenotype but the fraction of variation explained was low, 4.40k to 6.3%. Adding BoGSL-ELONG to the analysis improved predictive power using the linear regression procedure, Maximum R-square Improvement (max R-2). In the best three-variable model, only 24.8% of observed phenotypic variation was explained. Because tested genetic models did not hold robustly for the surveyed accessions, it is likely that there are multiple genetic mechanisms that influence whether the phenotype is broccoli or cauliflower. Our results in commercial cultivars indicate that other genetic mechanisms are more important in determining the horticultural type than are BoAP1-a and BoCAL-a. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Bjorkman, T (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM tnb1@cornell.edu RI Bjorkman, Thomas/D-1047-2012 OI Bjorkman, Thomas/0000-0001-7151-6205 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 667 EP 673 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 095XA UT WOS:000241340400013 ER PT J AU Boches, P Bassil, NV Rowland, L AF Boches, Peter Bassil, Nahla V. Rowland, Lisa TI Genetic diversity in the highbush blueberry evaluated with microsatellite markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; simple sequence repeats; SSRs; DNA fingerprinting ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; PERSICA L. BATSCH; VITIS-VINIFERA L; SSR MARKERS; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; GENOMIC LIBRARIES; SELF-FERTILITY; VACCINIUM; CULTIVARS AB Sixty-nine accessions representing wild and domesticated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) germplasm were genotyped using 28 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 627 alleles was detected and unique fingerprints were generated for all accessions. Suspected duplicate accessions of 'Coville' and 'Ivanhoe' had DNA fingerprints that were identical to 'Coville' and 'Ivanhoe', respectively. Genetic similarity measures placed wild and cultivated blueberries in separate groups. Northern highbush blueberries grouped among ancestral clones that were used extensively in blueberry breeding such as 'Rubel' and 'Stanley'. Southern highbush blueberries formed a separate group from northern highbush blueberries. The microsatellite markers used here show excellent promise for further use in germplasm identification, in genetic studies of wild Vaccinium L. populations, and for constructing linkage maps. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Boches, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 69 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 674 EP 686 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 095XA UT WOS:000241340400014 ER PT J AU Shaw, DV Hansen, J Browne, GT AF Shaw, Douglas V. Hansen, John Browne, Greg T. TI Genotypic variation for resistance to Phytophthora cactorum in a California strawberry breeding population SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; year x genotype interaction; runner plants ID GENETIC-VARIATION; CROWN ROT AB One hundred-eighty six strawberry genotypes from the Univ. of California strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) breeding program were evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora cactorum Schroet. in trials conducted over 6 years; 60 of these genotypes were tested in 2 years or more. Mother plants of each genotype were grown in a propagation nursery beginning in June, and runner plants were set into soil infested with inoculum from a mix of four P cactorum isolates in August or September of the same year. Runner plants of each genotype were harvested from the inoculated nursery, transferred to a fruiting field location, and evaluated for disease symptoms during the winter and spring following inoculation using a disease severity score. Significant variation for the disease severity score was detected due to years, genotypes, and their interaction. Differences among genotypes were responsible for 60.6% of the phenotypic variance, whereas years and year x genotype interactions contributed relatively little to this variance, 8.2% and 9.3%, respectively. A separate analysis conducted using a,balanced subset of six cultivars that were present in all trial years detected variance components due to years and year x genotype interaction slightly smaller than those estimated for the complete trial, 5.0% and 3.9%, respectively. These results highlight the utility of the screening system and suggest that stable resistance to P. cactorum is obtainable in California strawberry breeding populations and production systems. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shaw, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dvshaw@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 131 IS 5 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 095XA UT WOS:000241340400015 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Laboratory studies on the feeding behavior of the putative dung beetle, Ateuchus histeroides (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Ateuchus histeroides; Scarabaeidae; starvation; longevity; dung; carrion; dead insects; progeny ID SURVIVAL AB Through a series of laboratory feeding trials, it was demonstrated that the putative dung beetle, Ateuchus histeroides Weber (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is a consumer of both vertebrate dung and insect carrion, and that it can produce progeny reared on either of those foods. There was no significant difference between the survival periods of adults maintained on either cow dung or dead insects, but both groups survived significantly longer than a group deprived of food. This is the first documentation of both dung and carrion feeding and subsequent progeny production for a member of this genus. C1 USDA ARS, SGIRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 3 BP 157 EP 169 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 216KC UT WOS:000249875900005 ER PT J AU Cruz, SR Luo, YG Gonzalez, RJ Tao, Y Gonzalez, GA AF Cruz, Saul Ruiz Luo, Yaguang Gonzalez, Rolando J. Tao, Yang Gonzalez, Gustavo A. TI Acidified sodium chlorite as an alternative to chlorine to control microbial growth on shredded carrots while maintaining quality SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE acidified sodium chlorite; microbial growth; shelf-life; shredded carrots ID USE GRATED CARROTS; FRESH-CUT VEGETABLES; SHELF-LIFE; STORAGE; SPOILAGE; SURFACE; LEAVES AB Shredded carrots are particularly susceptible to microbial growth and quality deterioration as a result of a large cut surface area to mass ratio. Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) in the concentration range 500-1200 mu L L-1 has been shown to have stronger efficacy against pathogens and spoilage bacteria than chlorine and does not form carcinogenic products. However, ASC in this concentration range aggravates tissue damage. The objective of this study was to optimize ASC treatment parameters to balance antimicrobial activity with quality retention of shredded carrots. Shredded carrots were immersed for either 1 min in 100, 250 or 500 gL L-1 ASC solutions or 2 min in 200 gL L-1 chlorine or water (control). Treated samples were spin-dried and packaged in polypropylene bags and stored at 5 degrees C for up to 21 days. Carrots were evaluated at 7-day intervals for visual appearance, package atmosphere composition (O-2 and CO2), product firmness, tissue electrolyte leakage and pH. The microbial growth, including total aerobic bacterial counts, total coliforms/Escherichia coli, yeast and mold counts and lactic acid bacterial counts on the products was also determined. Treatments with all concentrations of ASC reduced the aerobic bacterial counts, coliform/E. coli counts, yeast mold and counts and lactic acid bacterial populations by 1.2-2.0 log cfu g(-1) when compared with the water-washed and unwashed samples. During storage, unwashed samples had a sharp increase in lactic acid bacterial populations accompanied by a sharp decline in pH readings and rapid loss in firmness and tissue integrity; samples washed with 100 gL L-1 ASC maintained the best overall visual quality, accompanied by the retention of tissue integrity and firmness. Therefore, 100 gL L-1 was determined as the optimum concentration of ASC for maintaining overall quality and firmness, inhibiting microbial growth and prolonging the shelf-life of shredded carrots. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Food Res & Dev, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resource Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Ruiz-Cruz, Saul/0000-0002-7125-8952 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2550 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 082UK UT WOS:000240412500019 ER PT J AU Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Alt, DP Cutlip, RC Cockett, NE Wang, SQ Richt, JA Thomsen, BV Hall, SM AF Kunkle, Robert A. Miller, Janice M. Alt, David P. Cutlip, Randall C. Cockett, Noelle E. Wang, Shiquan Richt, Juergen A. Thomsen, Bruce V. Hall, S. Mark TI Determination of sheep prion gene polymorphisms from parafrin-embedded tissue SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE gene sequencing; paraffin-embedded tissue; prion; scrapie; sheep ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; SCRAPIE-INFECTED SHEEP; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENOTYPE; PCR AMPLIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; FLOCK; ASSOCIATION; ORGANISMS; ALLELES AB Amino acid polymorphisms of the prion protein (PrP) greatly influence the susceptibility of sheep to scrapie. Selective breeding to increase the prevalence of PrP gene alleles associated with scrapie resistance is a flock management practice that is important for scrapie control programs. Determination of sheep PrP alleles typically has required extraction of DNA from host tissues that are freshly derived or stored frozen. We describe application of a DNA extraction procedure for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (PET) for the purpose of PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of relevant codons (136-171) of the sheep PrP gene. Tissues derived from 96 sheep were studied. The DNA sequence identity was confirmed in 87 of 94 matched samples of PET and frozen tissue specimens. DNA from brainstem PET of 2 sheep, from which fresh tissue was not available, was amplified and sequenced after formalin fixation for 7-70 days. This method will allow retrospective analysis of PrP genetics of sheep subsequent to postmortem diagnosis of scrapie when nonfixed tissue is unavailable for DNA extraction; however, it is not recommended that submission of fixed tissue supplant collection of fresh tissues for the purpose of determining PrP gene polymorphisms. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kunkle, RA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rkunkle@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DF UT WOS:000240791000003 PM 17037611 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Byrem, TM Wagner, BA McCluskey, BJ AF Lombard, Jason E. Byrem, Todd M. Wagner, Bruce A. McCluskey, Brian J. TI Comparison of milk and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; milk; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; paratuberculosis ID JOHNES-DISEASE; ECONOMIC-LOSSES; COWS; ELISA; ANTIBODIES; LACTATION; PARITY; STAGE AB Milk and serum samples from 35 dairy herds in 17 states were evaluated for cow- and herd-level Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody test agreement. Evaluation of 6,349 samples suggested moderate agreement between milk and serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, with a kappa value of 0.50. Cow-level sensitivity (Se) for 18 dairy operations with 1,921 animals was evaluated relative to fecal culture results. At the cow level, the milk ELISA relative Se was not significantly different from that of the serum ELISA (21.2 and 23.5%, respectively). Logistic regression models revealed a positive association between lactation number and milk ELISA status. Non-Holstein cows were more likely to test milk ELISA positive than Holstein cows. Cows in the first 2 weeks of lactation and after week 45 of lactation were more likely to test milk ELISA positive than cows between 3 and 12 weeks of lactation. Milk production > 80% of herd average was negatively associated with testing milk ELISA positive. Animals in the West and Midwest regions were less likely than animals in the Southeast region to test ELISA positive by either test. Estimates for herd-level sensitivity for the milk and serum ELISA, relative to fecal culture results, ranged from 56 to 83%. At the cow and herd levels, milk ELISA performed equivalent to serum ELISA using fecal culture as a reference for MAP infection and has the advantage of decreased labor costs on farms that use Dairy Herd Improvement Association testing. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, VS, CEAH,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Antel Biosyst Inc, Lansing, MI USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, VS, CEAH,Nat Resources Res Ctr, Bldg B,2150 Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 448 EP 458 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DF UT WOS:000240791000004 PM 17037612 ER PT J AU Saunders, GK Thomsen, BV AF Saunders, Geoffrey K. Thomsen, Bruce V. TI Lymphoma and Mycobacterium avium infection in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE ferret; lymphoma; Mycobacterium avium ID BOVIS INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB A 6-year-old, neutered male ferret presented with weight loss. Radiography revealed an enlarged liver and other abdominal masses. The ferret was euthanized, and at necropsy, the stomach wall was thickened, mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged, and the liver contained multifocal tan nodules. Histopathology confirmed lymphoma and granulomatous inflammation in all affected organs. Acid-fast bacilli were present in the lesions and were confirmed to be Mycobacterium avium by PCR. C1 Virginia Tech, Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Pathobiol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Thomsen, BV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 513 EP 515 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DF UT WOS:000240791000021 PM 17037629 ER PT J AU Hartman, KH Yanong, RPE Harms, CA Lewbart, GA AF Hughes Hartman, Kathleen Yanong, Roy P. E. Harms, Craig A. Lewbart, Gregory A. TI The future of training for aquatic animal health veterinarians SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID FISH MEDICINE AB This article describes educational approaches for training veterinary students, veterinary graduates, and practicing veterinarians in the area of aquatic animal health and lists a range of general research, training, internship/residency, and continuing-education resources. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Trop Aquaculture Lab, USDA,APHIS Vet Serv, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Hartman, KH (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Trop Aquaculture Lab, USDA,APHIS Vet Serv, 1408 24th St SE, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. EM kathleen.h.hartman@aphis.usda.gov; rpy@ufl.edu; craig_harms@ncsu.edu; greg_lewbart@ncsu.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.3138/jvme.33.3.389 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 099KV UT WOS:000241594300014 PM 17035212 ER PT J AU Ali, A Li, HY Schneider, WL Sherman, DJ Gray, S Smith, D Roossinck, MJ AF Ali, Akhtar Li, Hongye Schneider, William L. Sherman, Diana J. Gray, Stewart Smith, Dawn Roossinck, Marilyn J. TI Analysis of genetic bottlenecks during horizontal transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID APHID VECTOR TRANSMISSION; PLANT-VIRUSES; MYZUS-PERSICAE; COAT PROTEIN; INOCULATION; SALIVATION; MUTANTS AB Genetic bottlenecks may occur in virus populations when only a few individuals are transferred horizontally from one host to another, or when a viral population moves systemically from the infection site. Genetic bottlenecks during the systemic movement of an RNA plant virus population were reported previously (H. Li and M. J. Roossinck, J. Virol. 78:10582-10587, 2004). In this study we mechanically inoculated an artificial population consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker mutants of Cucumber mosaic virus (CW) onto young leaves of squash plants and used two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, to transmit the virus populations from infected source plants to healthy squash plants. Horizontal transmission by aphids constituted a significant bottleneck, as the population in the aphid-inoculated plants contained far fewer mutants than the original inoculum source. Additional experiments demonstrated that genetic variation in the artificial population of CW is not reduced during the acquisition of the virus but is significantly reduced during the inoculation period. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Roossinck, MJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, POB 2180, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM mroossinck@noble.org NR 19 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8345 EP 8350 DI 10.1128/JVI.00568-06 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500005 PM 16912285 ER PT J AU Delhon, G Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, ZQ Becnel, JJ Moser, BA Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Delhon, Gustavo Tulman, Edan R. Afonso, Claudio L. Lu, Zhiqiang Becnel, James J. Moser, Bettina A. Kutish, Gerald F. Rock, Daniel L. TI Genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; RANAVIRUS FAMILY IRIDOVIRIDAE; LYMPHOCYSTIS DISEASE VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; FROG VIRUS-3; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INAEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS AB Iridoviruses (IVs) are classified into five genera: Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and Ranavirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. Until now, Chloriridovirus was the only IV genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. Here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of Invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (IIV-3), also known as mosquito iridescent virus, currently the sole member of the genus Chloriridovirus. Approximately 20% of the 190-kbp IIV-3 genome was repetitive DNA, with DNA repeats localized in 15 apparently noncoding regions. Of the 126 predicted IIV-3 genes, 27 had homologues in all currently sequenced IVs, suggesting a genetic core for the family Iridoviridae. Fifty-two IIV-3 genes, including those encoding DNA topoisomerase II, NAD-dependent DNA ligase, SF1 helicase, IAP, and BRO protein, are present in IIV-6 (Chilo iridescent virus, prototype species of the genus Iridovirus) but not in vertebrate IVs, likely reflecting distinct evolutionary histories for vertebrate and invertebrate IVs and potentially indicative of genes that function in aspects of virus-invertebrate host interactions. Thirty-three IIV-3 genes lack homologues in other IVs. Most of these encode proteins of unknown function but also encode HV3-053L, a protein with similarity to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit 7; IIV3-044L, a putative serine/threonine protein kinase; and IIV3-080R, a protein with similarity to poxvirus Muff-like proteins. The absence of genes present in other IVs, including IIV-6; the lack of obvious colinearity with any sequenced IV; the low levels of amino acid identity of predicted proteins to IV homologues; and phylogenetic analyses of conserved proteins indicate that IIV-3 is distantly related to other IV genera. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32068 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Sci, Area Virol, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USA, Vet Lab Europe, APO, AE 09180 USA. European Vet Lab, Dept Microbiol, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Delhon, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM gadelhon@uiuc.edu NR 98 TC 47 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8439 EP 8449 DI 10.1128/JVI.00464-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500014 PM 16912294 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, Andrew K. TI Rolling-circle replication of an animal circovirus genome in a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid in Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONESSENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCE; PORCINE-CIRCOVIRUS; DNA-REPLICATION; IN-VITRO; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; VIRAL PROTEIN; ORIGIN; VIRUS AB A bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of double-stranded porcine circovirus (PCV) DNA in tandem (0.8 copy of PCV type 1 [PCV1], 0.95 copy of PCV2) with two origins of DNA replication (Ori) yielded three different DNA species when transformed into Escherichia coli: the input construct, a unit-length chimeric PCV1(Rep)/ PCV2(Cap) genome with a composite Ori but lacking the plasmid vector, and a molecule consisting of the remaining 0.75 copy PCV1(Cap)/PCV2(Rep) genome with a different composite Ori together with the bacterial plasmid. Replication of the input construct was presumably via the theta replication mechanism utilizing the ColE(1) Ori, while characteristics of the other two DNA species, including a requirement of two PCV Oris and the virus-encoded replication initiator Rep protein, suggest they were generated via the rolling-circle copy-release mechanism. Interestingly, the PCV-encoded Rep' protein essential for PCV DNA replication in mammalian cells was not required in bacteria. The fact that the Rep' protein function(s) can be compensated by the bacterial replication machinery to support the PCV DNA replication process echoes previous suggestions that circular single-stranded DNA animal circoviruses, plant geminiviruses, and nanoviruses may have evolved from prokaryotic episomal replicons. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8686 EP 8694 DI 10.1128/JVI.00655-06 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500036 PM 16912316 ER PT J AU Tulman, ER Delhon, G Afonso, CL Lu, Z Zsak, L Sandybaev, NT Kerembekova, UZ Zaitsev, VL Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Tulman, E. R. Delhon, G. Afonso, C. L. Lu, Z. Zsak, L. Sandybaev, N. T. Kerembekova, U. Z. Zaitsev, V. L. Kutish, G. F. Rock, D. L. TI Genome of horsepox virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; NECROSIS-FACTOR RECEPTOR; VARIOLA SMALLPOX VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CAMELPOX VIRUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ECTROMELIA VIRUS AB Here we present the genomic sequence of horsepox virus (HSPV) isolate MNR-76, an orthopoxvirus (OPV) isolated in 1976 from diseased Mongolian horses. The 212-kbp genome contained 7.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and lacked extensive terminal tandem repetition. HSPV contained 236 open reading frames (ORFs) with similarity to those in other OPVs, with those in the central 100-kbp region most conserved relative to other OPVs. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved region indicated that HSPV is closely related to sequenced isolates of vaccinia virus (VACV) and rabbitpox virus, clearly grouping together these VACV-like viruses. Fifty-four HSPV ORFs likely represented fragments of 25 orthologous OPV genes, including in the central region the only known fragmented form of an OPV ribonucleotide reductase large subunit gene. In terminal genomic regions, HSPV lacked full-length homologues of genes variably fragmented in other VACV-like viruses but was unique in fragmentation of the homologue of VACV strain Copenhagen B6R, a gene intact in other known VACV-like viruses. Notably, HSPV contained in terminal genomic regions 17 kbp of OPV-Iike sequence absent in known VACV-Iike viruses, including fragments of genes intact in other OPVs and approximately 1.4 kb of sequence present only in cowpox virus (CPXV). HSPV also contained seven full-length genes fragmented or missing in other VACV-like viruses, including intact homologues of the CPXV strain GRI-90 D2L/I4R CrmB and D13L CD30-like tumor necrosis factor receptors, D3L/I3R and C1L ankyrin repeat proteins, B19R kelch-like protein, D7L BTB/POZ domain protein, and B22R variola virus B22R-like protein. These results indicated that HSPV contains unique genomic features likely contributing to a unique virulence/host range phenotype. They also indicated that while closely related to known VACV-Iike viruses, HSPV contains additional, potentially ancestral sequences absent in other VACV-like viruses. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Sci, Area Virol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Sci Res Agr Inst Zhambylskaya Oblast, Gvardeiskiy 485444, Kordaiskiy, Kazakhstan. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), 2522 Vet Med Basic Sci Bldg,MC002 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM dlrock@uiuc.edu NR 94 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 18 BP 9244 EP 9258 DI 10.1128/JVI.00945-06 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 082KF UT WOS:000240384800040 PM 16940536 ER PT J AU Gyimesi, ZS Lappin, MR Dubey, JP AF Gyimesi, Zoltan S. Lappin, Michael R. Dubey, J. P. TI Application of assays for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a colony of woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diagnostic assay; Lagothrix lagotricha; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; woolly monkey ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; GONDII; CATS; PATHOLOGY; EPIDEMIC; PRIMATES; FELINE AB Toxoplasnia gondii infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in New World primate species. Clinical abnormalities associated with toxoplasmosis can be nonspecific, making it difficult to make a definitive antemortem diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment. Toxoplasmosis in New World primates can have a rapid clinical course, which may lessen the diagnostic utility of antemortem tests. However. while there are a variety of T gondii serum antibody tests and T. gondii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays available that are not species specific, these assays have not been comparatively applied to New World primate cases. Woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha), a species of New World primate, are highly susceptible to fatal toxoplasmosis. Archived serum samples from 15 living and deceased woolly monkeys housed at the Louisville Zoological Garden (Louisville, Kentucky) were tested for T gondii antibodies by a commercially available latex agglutination kit, a commercially available indirect hemagglutination kit, and the modified agglutination test. In addition, aliquots of the sera were assayed for T gondii DNA using a PCR assay. Both woolly monkeys that died of disseminated toxoplasmosis were positive in all four assays, indicating that each could be used to aid in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in this species. We suspect that these assays have applications to other species of New World primates. C1 Louisville Zool Garden, Louisville, KY 40213 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gyimesi, ZS (reprint author), Louisville Zool Garden, 1100 Trevilian Way, Louisville, KY 40213 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1638/05-018.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 084XC UT WOS:000240566700007 PM 17319125 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Lukaski, HC AF Nielsen, F. H. Lukaski, H. C. TI Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise SO MAGNESIUM RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE magnesium; exercise; physical performance; mineral ID LOW-DIETARY MAGNESIUM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE CAPACITY; ZINC; SUPPLEMENTATION; MEN; METABOLISM; MARATHON; PLASMA AB Magnesium is involved in numerous processes that affect muscle function including oxygen uptake, energy production and electrolyte balance. Thus, the relationship between magnesium status and exercise has received significant research attention. This research has shown that exercise induces a redistribution of magnesium in the body to accommodate metabolic needs. There is evidence that marginal magnesium deficiency impairs exercise performance and amplifies the negative consequences of strenuous exercise (e.g., oxidative stress). Strenuous exercise apparently increases urinary and sweat losses that may increase magnesium requirements by 10-20%. Based on dietary surveys and recent human experiments, a magnesium intake less than 260 mg/day for male and 220 mg/day for female athletes may result in a magnesium-deficient status. Recent surveys also indicate that a significant number of individuals routinely have magnesium intakes that may result in a deficient status. Athletes participating in sports requiring weight control (e.g., wrestling, gymnastics) are apparently especially vulnerable to an inadequate magnesium status. Magnesium supplementation or increased dietary intake of magnesium will have beneficial effects on exercise performance in magnesium-deficient individuals. Magnesium supplementation of physically active individuals with adequate magnesium status has not been shown to enhance physical performance. An activity-linked RNI or RDA based on long-term balance data from well-controlled human experiments should be determined so that physically active individuals can ascertain whether they have a magnesium intake that may affect their performance or enhance their risk to adverse health consequences (e.g., immunosuppression, oxidative damage, arrhythmias). C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 21 PU JOHN LIBBEY & CO LTD PI LONDON PA 13 SMITHS YARD, SUMMERLEY ST, LONDON SW18 4HR, ENGLAND SN 0953-1424 J9 MAGNESIUM RES JI Magnes. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 180 EP 189 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 105RR UT WOS:000242050500004 PM 17172008 ER PT J AU Koohmaraie, M Geesink, GH AF Koohmaraie, M. Geesink, G. H. TI Contribution of postmortem muscle biochemistry to the delivery of consistent meat quality with particular focus on the calpain system SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (52in ICoMST) CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE meat; tenderness; postmortem; calpain ID MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BEEF-LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEASE; INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; DYSTROPHY TYPE 2A; PORCINE MUSCLE AB Tenderness has been repeatedly reported as the most important quality aspect of meat. However, a number of studies have shown that a significant portion of retail meat can be considered tough. As a consequence, a significant consumer segment is willing to pay a premium for guaranteed tender meat. However, apart from measuring the shear force, there is no reliable method to predict tenderness. Most of the branded meat programs therefore attempt to ensure eating quality by controlling some of the factors that affect tenderness. Meat tenderness is determined by the amount and solubility of connective tissue, sarcomere shortening during rigor development, and postmortem proteolysis of myofibrillar and myofibrillar-associated proteins. Given the effect of postmortem proteolysis on the muscle ultrastructure, titin and desmin are likely key substrates that determine meat tenderness. A large number of studies have shown that the calpain proteolytic system plays a central role in postmortem proteolysis and tenderization. In skeletal muscle, the calpain system consists of at least three proteases, p-calpain, m-calpain and calpain 3, and an inhibitor of mu- and m-calpain, calpastatin. When activated by calcium, the calpains not only degrade subtrates, but also autolyze, leading to loss of activity. m-Calpain does not autolyze in postmortem muscle and is therefore not involved in postmortem tenderization. Results from a number of studies, including a study on calpain 3 knockout mice, have shown that calpain 3 is also not involved in postmortem proteolysis. However, a large number of studies, including a study on p-calpain knockout mice, have shown that p-calpain is largely, if not solely, responsible for postmortem tenderization. Research efforts in this area should, therefore, focus on elucidation of regulation of mu-calpain activity in postmortem muscle. Discovering the mechanisms of mu-calpain activity regulation and methods to promote mu-calpain activity should have a dramatic effect on the ability of researchers to develop reliable methods to predict meat tenderness and on the meat industry to produce a consistently tender product. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. CCL BV, NL-5462 Veghel, Netherlands. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166 Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 100 TC 190 Z9 231 U1 8 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.025 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 068CN UT WOS:000239349600004 PM 22062714 ER PT J AU Walls, I AF Walls, Isabel TI Role of quantitative risk assessment and food safety objectives in managing Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology (52in ICoMST) CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Dublin, IRELAND DE microbial risk assessment; food safety objectives; Listeria monocytogenes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; FOODBORNE LISTERIOSIS; BEEF CARCASSES; SALMONELLA; SLAUGHTER; OUTBREAK; DECONTAMINATION; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVALENCE AB Listeria monocytogenes may be found on ready-to-eat (RTE) meats, posing a public health risk. To minimize the public health impact, an appropriate level of protection (ALOP) can be established for a population with respect to L. monocytogenes, and ideally should be based on a scientific assessment of the risk, as well as societal and economic factors. Food safety systems can be based on meeting the ALOP. Food safety objectives (FSO) provide a link between the ALOP and performance objectives that are established to control a foodborne hazard. An FSO can be used as a risk management tool for L. monocytogenes in RTE meats, as the FSO establishes the stringency of the measures being used to control the hazard, by specifying the frequency and/or cell number of the pathogen in the food that should not be exceeded at the time of consumption. Typically, this requires setting performance objectives or performance criteria at an earlier point in the food chain, to ensure that the product will meet the FSO. Establishing an FSO requires an assessment of the risk of the hazard to the population of interest. Risk management strategies such as use of HACCP systems and Good Manufacturing Practices can then be used to ensure that the FSO is met. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Res Fdn Risk Sci Inst, Int Life Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Walls, I (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Food Def & Emergency Response, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 414,Aerosp Bldg, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM Isabel.walls@fsis.usda.gov OI Walls, Isabel/0000-0002-9643-8845 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.029 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 068CN UT WOS:000239349600007 PM 22062717 ER PT J AU Kuch, MA AF Kuch, Maren A. TI Identification of clinically relevant aspergilli SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Advances against Aspergillosis Conference CY FEB 22-25, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE Aspergillus identification keys ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; SYNOPTIC KEY; SECTION NIGRI; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NIGER AGGREGATE; NIDULANS GROUP; FLAVUS GROUP; PARASITICUS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB As the number of cases of aspergillosis grows, the number of species reported to cause the disease is increasing. Historically, classification and identification of aspergilli was accomplished using morphological characteristics. A number of molecular, immunological and biochemical methods are now available. For the most part, the results of the various approaches concur, yielding similar results in identifying aspergilli, so the 'best' method for identification is the method that best suits the needs of the researcher or clinician. Each identification method has advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed herein. The paper contains a listing of some of the available identification systems from those that address the whole genus to those capable of separating intraspecific strains. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kuch, MA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, USPSNL, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mklich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 EI 1460-2709 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP S127 EP S131 DI 10.1080/13693780600796546 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 113MG UT WOS:000242601400023 ER PT J AU Payne, GA Nierman, WC Wortman, JR Pritchard, BL Brown, D Dean, RA Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Machida, M Yu, J AF Payne, G. A. Nierman, W. C. Wortman, J. R. Pritchard, B. L. Brown, D. Dean, R. A. Bhatnagar, D. Cleveland, T. E. Machida, Masayuki Yu, J. TI Whole genome comparison of Aspergillus flavus and A-oryzae SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Advances against Aspergillosis Conference CY FEB 22-25, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE aflatoxin; secondary metabolism; koji moulds ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; P53 GENE AB Aspergillus flavus is a plant and animal pathogen that also produces the potent carcinogen aflatoxin. Aspergillus oryzae is a closely related species that has been used for centuries in the food fermentation industry and is Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS). Whole genome sequences for these two fungi are now complete, providing us with the opportunity to examine any genomic differences that may explain the different ecological niches of these two fungi, and perhaps to identify pathogenicity factors in A. flavus. These two fungi are very similar in genome size and number of predicted genes. The estimated genome size (36.8 Mb) and predicted number of genes (12 197) for A. flavus is similar to that of A. oryzae (36.7 Mb and 12079, respectively). These two fungi have significantly larger genomes than Aspergillus nidulans (30.1) and Aspergillus fumigatus (29.4). The A. flavus and A. oryzae genomes are enriched in genes for secondary metabolism, but do not differ greatly from one another in the predicted number of polyketide synthases, nonribosomal peptide synthases or the number of genes coding for cytochrome P450 enzymes. A micro-scale analysis of the two fungi did show differences in DNA correspondence between the two species and in the number of transposable elements. Each species has approximately 350 unique genes. The high degree of sequence similarity between the two fungi suggests that they may be ecotypes of the same species and that A. oryzae has resulted from the domestication of A. flavus. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gary_payne@ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP S9 EP S11 DI 10.1080/13693780600835716 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 113MG UT WOS:000242601400004 ER PT J AU Lukacs, JL Booth, S Kleerekoper, M Ansbacher, R Rock, CL Reame, NE AF Lukacs, Jane L. Booth, Sarah Kleerekoper, Michael Ansbacher, Rudi Rock, Cheryl L. Reame, Nancy E. TI Differential associations for menopause and age in measures of vitamin K, osteocalcin, and bone density: a cross-sectional exploratory study in healthy volunteers SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE reproductive aging; menopause; bone biomarkers; fat-soluble vitamins; osteocalcin ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY-WOMEN; FEMORAL-NECK; PROTEIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMA AB Objective: To distinguish the effects of midlife aging from early postmenopause on vitamin K measures, bone formation biomarkers, and bone density. Design: Cycling older volunteers (CO; 40-52 years, n = 19) were compared to cycling young (CY; 20-30 years, n = 21) and untreated, age-matched women in the early postmenopause years (EPM; 40-52 years, mean years PM = 2.8 +/- 0.5, n = 19). We assessed sex steroids, vitamin status (phylloquinone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol), osteocalcin (OC), percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), and bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: CO women had similar estradiol and vitamin status as CY women, but lower OC (0.64 +/- 0.04 vs 0.97 +/- 0.08 nmot/L, P = 0.01) and BMD at the total hip (1.0038 +/- 0.032 vs 1.1126 +/- 0.030 g/cm(2), P = 0.02). In the two older groups, BMD was similar at all sites, but OC was elevated in the EPM women (1.10 +/- 0.10 vs 0.64 +/- 0.04 nmol/L, EPM vs CO, P = 0.001). Although phylloquinone was highest in the EPM women, %ucOC was also higher when compared with all cycling women (21.9 +/- 1.7% vs 17.4 +/- 0.9%, n = 40; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Premenopausal women show reduced BMD despite normal estrogen profiles. %ucOC may be a specific bone marker of the early postmenopause in healthy women. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Reprod Sci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lukacs, JL (reprint author), POB 2547, Farmington Hills, MI 48333 USA. EM lukacsj@umich.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR-00042]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG15083-04] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1097/01.gme.0000227023.89062.43 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 086QY UT WOS:000240689300015 PM 16912661 ER PT J AU Flythe, MD Russell, JB AF Flythe, Michael D. Russell, James B. TI Fermentation acids inhibit amino acid deamination by Clostridium sporogenes MD1 via a mechanism involving a decline in intracellular glutamate rather than protonmotive force SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PH; GROWTH; DEHYDROGENASE; BACTERIA; AMMONIA; ABILITY AB Fermentation acids inhibited the growth and ammonia production of the amino-acid-fermenting bacterium Clostridium sporogenes MD1, but only when the pH was acidic. Such inhibition was traditionally explained by the ability of fermentation acids to act as uncouplers and decrease protonmotive force (Delta p), but C. sporogenes MD1 grows even if the Delta p is very low. Cell suspensions incubated with additional sodium chloride produced ammonia as rapidly at pH 5.0 as at pH 7.0,but cells incubated with additional sodium lactate were sensitive to even small decreases in extracellular pH. Similar results were obtained if the sodium lactate was replaced by sodium acetate or propionate. When extracellular pH declined, Delta pH increased even if sodium lactate was present. The cells accumulated intracellular lactate anion when the pH was acidic, and intracellular glutamate declined. Because amino acid deamination is linked to a transamination reaction involving glutamate dehydrogenase, the decrease in ammonia production could be explained by the decrease in intracellular glutamate. This latter hypothesis was consistent with the observation that extracellular glutamate addition restored amino acid deamination even though glutamate alone did not allow for the generation of ammonia. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@Cornell.edu RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2006 VL 152 BP 2619 EP 2624 DI 10.1099/mic.0.29006-0 PN 9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086SP UT WOS:000240693600012 PM 16946257 ER PT J AU Jaramillo-Correa, JP Beaulieu, J Ledig, FT Bousquet, J AF Jaramillo-Correa, Juan P. Beaulieu, Jean Ledig, F. Thomas Bousquet, Jean TI Decoupled mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA population structure reveals Holocene collapse and population isolation in a threatened Mexican-endemic conifer SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast DNA; conservation genetics; Mexico; mitochondrial DNA; Picea chihuahuana; Picea martinezii; postglacial history ID PICEA-CHIHUAHUANA MARTINEZ; NORTH-AMERICAN CONIFER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE; PINE; DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION AB Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana Martinez) is a montane subtropical conifer endemic to the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Range-wide variation was investigated using maternally inherited mitochondrial (mtDNA) and paternally inherited chloroplast (cpDNA) DNA markers. Among the 16 mtDNA regions analysed, only two mitotypes were detected, while the study of six cpDNA microsatellite markers revealed eight different chlorotypes. The average cpDNA diversity (H = 0.415) was low but much higher than that for mtDNA (H = 0). The distribution of mitotypes revealed two clear nonoverlapping areas (G(ST) = N-ST = 1), one including northern populations and the second one including the southern and central stands, suggesting that these two regions may represent different ancestral populations. The cpDNA markers showed lower population differentiation (G(ST) = 0.362; R-ST = 0.230), implying that the two ancestral populations continued to exchange pollen after their initial geographic separation. A lack of a phylogeographic structure was revealed by different spatial analyses of cpDNA (G(ST) > R-ST; and samova), and reduced cpDNA gene flow was noted among populations (Nm = 0.873). Some stands deviated significantly from the mutation-drift equilibrium, suggesting recent bottlenecks. Altogether, these various trends are consistent with the hypothesis of a population collapse during the Holocene warming and suggest that most of the modern P. chihuahuana populations are now effectively isolated with their genetic diversity essentially modelled by genetic drift. The conservation efforts should focus on most southern populations and on the northern and central stands exhibiting high levels of genetic diversity. Additional mtDNA sequence analysis confirmed that P. martinezii (Patterson) is not conspecific with P. chihuahuana, and thus deserves separate conservation efforts. C1 Univ Laval, Chaire Rech Canada Genom Forestiere & Environm, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jaramillo-Correa, JP (reprint author), Univ Laval, Chaire Rech Canada Genom Forestiere & Environm, Pavillon Charles Eugene Marchand, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM jpjc@rsvs.ulaval.ca NR 71 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 2787 EP 2800 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02974.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 072VS UT WOS:000239701700007 PM 16911200 ER PT J AU Couch, CR Garber, AF Rexroad, CE Abrams, JM Stannard, JA Westerman, ME Sullivan, CV AF Couch, C. R. Garber, A. . F. Rexroad, C. E., III Abrams, J. . M. Stannard, J. . A. Westerman, M. E. Sullivan, C. V. TI Isolation and characterization of 149 novel microsatellite DNA markers for striped bass, Morone saxatilis, and cross-species amplification in white bass, Morone chrysops, and their hybrid SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; hybrid; microsatellite DNA; Morone; striped bass AB To support detailed genetic analysis of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and white bass (Morone chrysops), we isolated 153 microsatellite loci from repeat-enriched striped bass DNA libraries. Of these, 147 markers amplified in striped bass (average 4.7 alleles per locus) and 133 in white bass (average 2.2 alleles per locus). One hundred twenty-two markers amplified in their hybrid. Development of new microsatellite markers will facilitate evaluations of genetic structure in wild populations and will support pedigree analysis and linkage mapping for selective breeding. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Ken SeaTech Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Couch, CR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM crcouch@unity.ncsu.edu RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 667 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01292.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600025 ER PT J AU Martin, KJ Bull, CT AF Martin, K. J. Bull, C. T. TI Novel primers for detection and quantification of Myxococcus species in situ SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE myxobacteria; quantitative PCR AB A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol using unique primers was developed to detect and quantify Myxococcus species from environmental samples. The protocol amplified most species of Myxococcus when 10 pg of DNA representing 1000 cells was present, although over half were amplified with as little as 0.1 pg (10 cells). The protocol did not amplify other myxobacterial species, members of the delta-proteobacteria or other unrelated organisms tested at significantly higher concentrations of DNA. The primers were also used in quantitative PCRs, which accurately estimated the population levels in soil. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM cbull@pw.ars.usda.gov OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 773 EP 775 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01339.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600058 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, KL Zielinski, WJ Mazurek, MJ Schlexer, FV Schwartz, MK AF Pilgrim, Kristine L. Zielinski, William J. Mazurek, Mary J. Schlexer, Fredrick V. Schwartz, Michael K. TI Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Point Arena mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa nigra SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Aplodontia rufa nigra; microsatellite; mountain beaver; noninvasive genetic sampling ID POPULATION AB The Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra) is an endangered subspecies. Efforts to recover this sub-species will be aided by advances in molecular genetics, specifically the ability to estimate population size using noninvasive genetic sampling. Here we report on the development of nine polymorphic loci for the Point Arena mountain beaver. These markers provide us sufficient power to distinguish individuals, and thus can be used for calculating population size and delineating population substructure. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 800 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01349.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600066 ER PT J AU Bassil, NV Njuguna, W Slovin, JP AF Bassil, Nahla V. Njuguna, Wambui Slovin, Janet P. TI EST-SSR markers from Fragaria vesca L. cv. yellow wonder SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; strawberry AB Fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were developed from a cDNA library of heat-treated seedlings of Fragaria vesca cv. yellow wonder. Transferability to 13 species of Fragaria ranged from 71% in diploid species F. gracilis Losinsk., F. iinumae Makino, F. nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex J. Gay and F. nipponica Makino, to 100% in octoploid domestic strawberry and its progenitors. Polymorphism was high in polyploid Fragaria species. However, polymorphism and heterozygosity of eight EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) was low in 14 F. vesca genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM cornb@ars-grin.gov NR 5 TC 12 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 806 EP 809 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01351.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600068 ER PT J AU Mauro-Herrera, M Meerow, AW Borrone, JW Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ AF Mauro-Herrera, Margarita Meerow, Alan W. Borrone, James W. Kuhn, David N. Schnell, Raymond J. TI Ten informative markers developed from WRKY sequences in coconut (Cocos nucifera) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE coconut; Cocos nucifera; SNP; SSCP; WRKY genes ID SUPERFAMILY; GENES AB Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) WRKY sequences containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one microsatellite repeat were used to develop 10 informative markers. These markers were evaluated in 15 genotypes representing six coconut cultivars. SNP-containing alleles were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The number of detected alleles ranged from two to four. Five pairs of loci were in linkage disequilibrium in the test population. These markers are currently being evaluated in more individuals/cultivars to determine their value in estimating the genetic diversity of this species. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM ameerow@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 904 EP 906 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01393.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 073YL UT WOS:000239778600100 ER PT J AU Caldo, RA Nettleton, D Peng, JQ Wise, RP AF Caldo, Rico A. Nettleton, Dan Peng, Jiqing Wise, Roger P. TI Stage-specific suppression of basal defense discriminates barley plants containing fast- and delayed-acting Mla powdery mildew resistance alleles SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; timing of resistance response ID F-SP HORDEI; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; BACTERIAL DISEASE; A-LOCUS; METAANALYSIS AB Nonspecific recognition of pathogen-derived general elicitors triggers the first line of plant basal defense, which in turn, preconditions the host towards resistance or susceptibility. To elucidate how basal defense responses influence the onset of Mla (mildew resistance locus a)-specified resistance, we performed a meta-analysis of GeneChip mRNA expression for 155 basal defense-related genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) challenged with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. In plants containing the fast-acting Mla1, Mla6, or Mla13 alleles, transcripts hyper-accumulated from 0 to 16 h after inoculation (hai) in both compatible and incompatible interactions. Suppression of basal defense-related transcripts was observed after 16 hai only in compatible interactions, whereas these transcripts were sustained or increased in incompatible interactions. By contrast, in plants containing wild-type and mutants of the delayed-acting Mla12 allele, an early hyper-induction of transcripts from 0 to 8 hai was observed, but the expression of many of these genes is markedly suppressed from 8 to 16 hai. These results suggest that the inhibition of basal defense facilitates the development of haustoria by the pathogen, consequently delaying the onset of host resistance responses. Thus, we hypothesize that the regulation of basal defense influences host-cell accessibility to the fungal pathogen and drives allelic diversification of gene-specific resistance phenotypes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, GeneChip Facil,Off Biotechnol, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu NR 65 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 939 EP 947 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-0939 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 074ZA UT WOS:000239850000001 PM 16941898 ER PT J AU Giovanini, MP Puthoff, DP Nemacheck, JA Mittapalli, O Saltzmann, KD Ohm, HW Shukle, RH Williams, CE AF Giovanini, Marcelo P. Puthoff, David P. Nemacheck, Jill A. Mittapalli, Omprakash Saltzmann, Kurt D. Ohm, Herbert W. Shukle, Richard H. Williams, Christie E. TI Gene-for-gene defense of wheat against the hessian fly lacks a classical oxidative burst SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE flavonoid; oxidative stress; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SYBR Green ID HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PLANT DEFENSE; NADPH OXIDASE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ABSCISIC-ACID; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA; GENERATION AB Genetic similarities between plant interactions with microbial pathogens and wheat interactions with Hessian fly larvae prompted us to investigate defense and counterdefense mechanisms. Plant oxidative burst, a rapid increase in the levels of active oxygen species (AOS) within the initial 24 h of an interaction with pathogens, commonly is associated with defenses that are triggered by gene-for-gene recognition events similar to those involving wheat and Hessian fly larvae. RNAs encoded by Hessian fly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes, involved in detoxification of AOS, increased in first-instar larvae during both compatible and incompatible interactions. However, mRNA levels of a wheat NADPH oxidase (NOX) gene that generates superoxide (O-2(-)) did not increase. In addition, inhibiting wheat NOX enzyme with diphenyleneiodonimn did not result in increased survival of avirulent larvae. However, nitro blue tetrazolium staining indicated that basal levels of O-2(-) are present in both uninfested and infested wheat tissue. mRNA encoded by wheat genes involved in detoxification of the cellular environment, SOD, CAT, and glutathione-S-transferase did not increase in abundance. Histochemical staining with 3,3-diaminobenzidine revealed no increases in wheat hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during infestation that were correlated with the changes in larval SOD and CAT mRNA. However, treatment with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin demonstrated the presence of basal levels of H2O2 in the elongation zone of both infested and uninfested plants. The accumulation of a wheat flavanone 3-hydroxylase mRNA did show some parallels with larval gene mRNA profiles. These results suggested that larvae encounter stresses imposed by mechanisms other than an oxidative burst in wheat seedlings. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cwilliams@purdue.edu RI Saltzmann, Kurt/A-6827-2009 NR 64 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1033 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-1023 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 074ZA UT WOS:000239850000009 PM 16941906 ER PT J AU Lee, J Bricker, TM Lefevre, M Pinson, SRM Oard, JH AF Lee, Joohyun Bricker, Terry M. Lefevre, Michael Pinson, Shannon R. M. Oard, James H. TI Proteomic and genetic approaches to identifying defence-related proteins in rice challenged with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE; DIGITALIS-LANATA EHRH; ORYZA-SATIVA L; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; 3-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BLAST FUNGUS; TOBACCO AB Sheath blight, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is a major disease of rice world-wide, but little is known about the host response to infection. The objective of this study was to identify proteins and DNA markers in resistant and susceptible rice associated with response to infection by R. solani. Replicated two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments were conducted to detect proteins differentially expressed under inoculated and non-inoculated conditions. Tandem mass spectra analysis using electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI Q-TOF MS) was carried out for protein identification with the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Seven proteins were increased after inoculation in both susceptible and resistant plants. Six of the seven proteins were identified with presumed antifungal, photosynthetic and proteolytic activities. An additional 14 proteins were detected in the response of the resistant line. Eleven of the 14 proteins were identified with presumed functions relating to antifungal activity, signal transduction, energy metabolism, photosynthesis, molecular chaperone, proteolysis and antioxidation. The induction of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase was detected for the first time in resistant rice plants after pathogen challenge, suggesting a defensive role of this enzyme in rice against attack by R. solani. The chromosomal locations of four induced proteins were found to be in close physical proximity to genetic markers for sheath blight resistance in two genetic mapping populations. The proteomic and genetic results from this study indicate a complex response of rice to challenge by R. solani that involves simultaneous induction of proteins from multiple defence pathways. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leejo@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Lefevre, Michael/B-5030-2014 OI Lefevre, Michael/0000-0002-2046-3593 NR 63 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 5 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00350.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081BR UT WOS:000240292700008 PM 20507456 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JF Rehner, SA Humber, RA AF Bischoff, Joseph F. Rehner, Stephen A. Humber, Richard A. TI Metarhizium frgidum sp nov.: a cryptic species of M-anisopliae and a member of the M-flavoviride complex SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Clavicipitaceae; Cordyceps; cryptic species; entomopathogen ID EVOLUTION AB The anamorph genus Metarhizium is composed of arthropod pathogens, several with broad geographic and host ranges. Members of the genus, including "M. anisopliae var. frigidum" nomen nudum and Metarhizium flavoviride, have been used as biological insecticides. In a recent revision of the genus the variety "M. anisopliae var. frigidum" was suggested to be a synonym of M. flavoviride based largely on ITS sequence phylogenetic analysis. In this study we conducted morphological evaluations and multigene phylogenetic analyses with EF-1 alpha, RPB1 and RPB2 for strains of M. flavoviride and "M. anisopliae var. frigidum." Included in these evaluations were the ex-type of ill. flavoviride var. flavoviride and what likely would be considered the "ex-type" of the invalidly published taxon "M. anisopliae var. frigidum". Based on morphological and molecular evidence we conclude that "M. anisopliae var. frigidum" is distinct from M. flavoviride and the taxon M. frigidum sp. nov. is described. C1 NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Soil & Nutrit Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bischoff, JF (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM bischoff@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.5.737 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 125JP UT WOS:000243438500008 PM 17256577 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Hansen, EM Stone, JK AF Winton, Loretta M. Hansen, Everett M. Stone, Jeffrey K. TI Population structure suggests reproductively isolated lineages of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ascomycota; foliage pathogen; forest pathology; population biology; population genetics ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; DOUGLAS-FIR; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; GENE GENEALOGIES; SPECIATION; RECOMBINATION; OREGON AB A survey of the genetic diversity and population structure of the Douglas-fir Swiss needle cast pathogen Phaeoayptopus gaeumannii was conducted with single-strand conformational polymorphisms (SSCP) to screen for variability in mitochondrial and nuclear housekeeping genes. Thirty host populations representing the natural range of Douglas-fir as well as locations where the tree was planted as an exotic were sampled. Sequencing of SSCP variants revealed that the method accurately detected both single nucleotide and indel polymorphisms. Sequence information was used to construct multilocus gene genealogies and to test various hypotheses of recombination (outcrossing) and clonality (selfing). We found that P. gaeumannii in the region of Oregon's Swiss needle cast epidemic exhibits strong multilocus gametic phase disequilibrium and is subdivided into two reproductively isolated sympatric lineages. Low genotypic diversity together with the presence of overrepresented genotypes in both lineages suggests a predominantly selfing reproductive mode. Genotypes of one lineage were found in isolates from a widespread geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of the Pacific Northwest as well as nonindigenous populations abroad that have historical reports of disease. Genotypes of the second lineage were detected only in isolates from Oregon's coastal region. Within the main epidemic area, abundance of this second lineage in young plantations appeared to be correlated with disease severity. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subartic Agr Res Unit, 303 ONeil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lori.winton@uaf.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 98 IS 5 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.5.781 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 125JP UT WOS:000243438500012 PM 17256581 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Engberg, AE AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann Engberg, Amy E. TI Byssochlamys nivea with patulin-producing capability has an isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene (idh) with sequence homology to Penicillium expansum and Penicillium griseofulvum SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apple juice; Byssochlamys; introns; patulin ID PHASE EXTRACTION METHOD; HEAT-RESISTANT FUNGI; APPLE JUICE; TEMPERATURE AB Nucleotide sequences of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene (idh) for eight strains of Byssochlamys nivea were determined by constructing GenomeWalker libraries. A striking finding was that all eight strains of B. nivea examined had identical nucleotide sequences, including those of the two introns present. The length of intron 2 was nearly three times the size of introns in strains of Penicillium expansum and P. griseofulvum, but intron 1 was comparable in size to the number of nucleotides present in introns 1 and 2 of P. expansum and P. griseofulvum. A high degree of amino acid homology (88%) existed for the idh genes of the strains of B. nivea when compared with sequences of P. expansum and P. griseofulvum. There were many nucleotide differences present, but they did not affect the amino acid sequence because they were present in the third position. The identity of the B. nivea isolates was confirmed by sequencing the ITS/partial LSU (28 S) rDNA genes. Four B. nivea strains were analysed for production of patulin, a mycotoxin found primarily in apple juice and other fruit products. The B. nivea strains produced patulin in amounts comparable to P. expansum strains. Interest in the genus Byssochlamys is related to the ability of its ascospores to survive pasteurization and cause spoilage of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 110 BP 1111 EP 1118 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.05.008 PN 9 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 104KQ UT WOS:000241957700011 PM 16934966 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Cary, RW AF Bhatnagar, Deepak Cary, Rey W. TI Preface SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dbhatnag@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0048-3 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000001 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Ehrlich, K Yu, JJ Cleveland, TE AF Bhatnagar, Deepak Cary, Jeffrey W. Ehrlich, Kenneth Yu, Jiujiang Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Understanding the genetics of regulation of aflatoxin production and Aspergillus flavus development SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE aflatoxins; Aspergillus flavus; gene cluster; genomics; mycotoxins; secondary metabolite ID BIOSYNTHESIS CLUSTER GENE; CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SECONDARY METABOLISM; MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI; PARASITICUS NRRL-3240; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; SECTION FLAVI; COTTON BOLLS AB Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived, toxic, and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced primarily by two fungal species, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, on crops such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and treenuts. Regulatory guidelines issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prevent sale of commodities if contamination by these toxins exceeds certain levels. The biosynthesis of these toxins has been extensively studied. About 15 stable precursors have been identified. The genes involved in encoding the proteins required for the oxidative and regulatory steps in the biosynthesis are clustered in a 70 kb portion of chromosome 3 in the A. flavus genome. With the characterization of the gene cluster, new insights into the cellular processes that govern the genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis have been revealed, but the signaling processes that turn on aflatoxin biosynthesis during fungal contamination of crops are still not well understood. New molecular technologies, such as gene microarray analyses, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and chromatin immunoprecipitation are being used to understand how physiological stress, environmental and soil conditions, receptivity of the plant, and fungal virulence lead to episodic outbreaks of aflatoxin contamination in certain commercially important crops. With this fundamental understanding, we will be better able to design improved non-aflatoxigenic biocompetitive Aspergillus strains and develop inhibitors of aflatoxin production (native to affected crops or otherwise) amenable to agricultural application for enhancing host-resistance against fungal invasion or toxin production. Comparisons of aflatoxin-producing species with other fungal species that retain some of the genes required for aflatoxin formation is expected to provide insight into the evolution of the aflatoxin gene cluster, and its role in fungal physiology. Therefore, information on how and why the fungus makes the toxin will be valuable for developing an effective and lasting strategy for control of aflatoxin contamination. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dbhatnag@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 114 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0050-9 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000003 PM 16944283 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC AF Cary, Jeffrey W. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Aflatoxigenicity in Aspergillus: molecular genetics, phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary implications SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceoroseus; gene cluster; secondary metabolite; sterigmatocystin ID CCAAT BINDING COMPLEX; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSED GENES; PATHWAY GENES; SECTION FLAVI; FUNGI; NIDULANS; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; PROMOTER AB Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi as well as a number of Aspergillus isolates that are classified outside of section Flavi. Characterization of the AF and sterigmatocystin (ST) gene clusters and analysis of factors governing regulation of their biosynthesis has resulted in these two mycotoxins being the most extensively studied of fungal secondary metabolites. This wealth of information has allowed the determination of the molecular basis for non-production of AF in natural isolates of A. flavus and domesticated strains of A. oryzae. This review provides an overview of the molecular analysis of the AF and ST gene clusters as well as new information on an AF gene cluster identified in the non-section Flavi isolate, Aspergillus ochraceoroseus. Additionally, molecular phylogenetic analysis using AF biosynthetic gene sequences as well as ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences between various section Flavi and non-section Flavi species has enabled determination of the probable evolutionary history of the AF and ST gene clusters. A model for the evolution of the AF and ST gene clusters as well as possible biological roles for AF are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jcary@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0051-8 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000004 PM 16944284 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Butchko, RAE Proctor, RH AF Brown, Daren W. Butchko, Robert A. E. Proctor, Robert H. TI Fusarium genomic resources: Tools to limit crop diseases and mycotoxin contamination SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ESTs; Fusarium genomics; F. verticillioides; fumonisin regulation; microarray; zinc finger ID POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; FUMONISIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAMINEARUM; VERTICILLIOIDES; MONILIFORMIS; MAP; CLUSTER AB It has been almost 10 years since Joan Bennett suggested that fungal biologists create a "wish list" for fungal genome sequences (Bennett JW. White paper: Genomics for filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 1997; 21: 3-7). The availability of over 200 review papers concerning fungal genomics is a reflection of significant progress with a diversity of fungal species. Although much progress has been made, the use of genomic data to study mycotoxin synthesis and function, pathogenesis and other aspects of fungal biology is in its infancy. Here, we briefly present the status of publicly available genomic resources for Fusarium, a genus of important plant pathogenic and mycotoxin-producing fungi of worldwide concern. Preliminary examination of microarray data collected from F. verticillioides liquid cultures provides evidence of widespread differential gene expression over time. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Grp, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Grp, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM browndw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0053-6 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000006 PM 16944286 ER PT J AU Bayman, P Baker, JL AF Bayman, Paul Baker, James L. TI Ochratoxins: A global perspective SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; coffee; food safety; mycotoxin; ochratoxin; Penicillium ID GREEN COFFEE BEANS; ASPERGILLUS SECTION CIRCUMDATI; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; PENICILLIUM-VIRIDICATUM; A PRODUCTION; HUMAN-MILK; OCHRACEUS; MYCOTOXINS; STRAINS AB Ochratoxins have been overshadowed by better-known mycotoxins, but they are gaining importance. Here we consider ochratoxins in the context of aflatoxins, which are better understood than ochratoxins on many levels. We review recent work on taxonomic distribution, contamination of commodities, biosynthesis, toxicity and regulatory aspects of ochratoxins. We focus on ochratoxins in coffee, since coffee is becoming a key commodity in ochratoxin research and regulation. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bayman, P (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. EM pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu NR 69 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X EI 1573-0832 J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0055-4 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000008 PM 16944288 ER PT J AU Menkir, A Brown, RL Bandyopadhyay, R Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE AF Menkir, Abebe Brown, Robert L. Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit Chen, Zhi-Yuan Cleveland, Thomas E. TI A USA-Africa collaborative strategy for identifying, characterizing, and developing maize germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE A. flavus; aflatoxin resistance; breeding; maize inbred lines; proteome analysis ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; CORN GENOTYPES; ACCUMULATION; KERNELS; FLAVUS; INHERITANCE; INOCULATION; INBREDS; GROWTH AB Aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus flavus poses serious potential economic losses in the US and health hazards to humans, particularly in West Africa. The Southern Regional Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS-SRRC) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) initiated a collaborative breeding project to develop maize germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. Resistant genotypes from the US and selected inbred lines from IITA were used to generate backcrosses with 75% US germplasm and F-1 crosses with 50% IITA and 50% US germplasm. A total of 65 S-4 lines were developed from the backcross populations and 144 S-4 lines were derived from the F-1 crosses. These lines were separated into groups and screened in SRRC laboratory using a kernel-screening assay. Significant differences in aflatoxin production were detected among the lines within each group. Several promising S-4 lines with aflatoxin values significantly lower than their respective US resistant recurrent parent or their elite tropical inbred parent were selected for resistance-confirmation tests. We found pairs of S-4 lines with 75-94% common genetic backgrounds differing significantly in aflatoxin accumulation. These pairs of lines are currently being used for proteome analysis to identify resistance-associated proteins and the corresponding genes underlying resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. Following confirmation tests in the laboratory, lines with consistently low aflatoxin levels will be inoculated with A. flavus in the field in Nigeria to identify lines resistant to strains specific to both US and West Africa. Maize inbred lines with desirable agronomic traits and low levels of aflatoxin in the field would be released as sources of genes for resistance to aflatoxin production. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Int Inst Trop Agr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM rbrown@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 162 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s11046-006-0056-3 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 080IL UT WOS:000240241000009 PM 16944289 ER PT J AU Dix, DJ Gallagher, K Benson, WH Groskinsky, BL McClintock, JT Dearfield, KL Farland, WH AF Dix, David J. Gallagher, Kathryn Benson, William H. Groskinsky, Brenda L. McClintock, J. Thomas Dearfield, Kerry L. Farland, William H. TI A framework for the use of genomics data at the EPA SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Off Sci Advisor, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Dix, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, D343-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM dix.david@epa.gov NR 5 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1111 DI 10.1038/nbt0906-1108 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 083YK UT WOS:000240495200030 PM 16964223 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Sheng, ML Chen, GF Aldrich, JR Chauhan, KR AF Zhang, Qing-He Sheng, Maoling Chen, Guofa Aldrich, Jeffrey R. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Iridodial: a powerful attractant for the green lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; METHYL SALICYLATE; BENEFICIAL INSECTS; APHID PREY; OCULATA; PHEROMONES AB The lacewing Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael is an important, common predator of several insects in China, Japan, Russia, and many parts of Europe. Our field trapping experiments in northeast China showed that males of this green lacewing are strongly attracted to the lacewing pheromone of Chrysopa oculata Say, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial. The induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, was unattractive to C. septempunctata by itself at the concentration tested, but synergistic when combined with iridodial where the lacewing population was high. (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-Nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone (aphid sex pheromone components) caught significantly more males of C. septempunctata than did blank control traps, but were inferior to iridodial dispensers, which remained strongly attractive to C. septempunctata males for at least 2.5 months. These results indicate that (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial is a powerful attractant for C. septempunctata, and may have great potential for enhanced biological control of garden, agricultural, and forest insect pests. C1 Steling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. State Forest Adm, Gen Stn Forest Pest Management, Shenyang 110034, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, QH (reprint author), Steling Int Inc, 3808 N Sullivan Rd,Bldg 16BV, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. EM qing-he@rescue.com NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 9 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s00114-006-0132-z PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 073FS UT WOS:000239729000009 PM 16799795 ER PT J AU Di Iorio, A Cherubini, A Volpato, S Sparvieri, E Lauretani, F Franceschi, C Senin, U Abate, G Paganelli, R Martin, A Andres-Lacueva, C Ferrucci, L AF Di Iorio, Angelo Cherubini, Antonio Volpato, Stefano Sparvieri, Eleonora Lauretani, Fulvio Franceschi, Claudio Senin, Umberto Abate, Giuseppe Paganelli, Roberto Martin, Antonio Andres-Lacueva, Cristina Ferrucci, Luigi TI Markers of inflammation, Vitamin E and peripheral nervous system function - The InCHIANTI study SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE inflammation; Vitamin E; peripheral nervous system; aging ID DIABETIC RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; WOMENS HEALTH; REGENERATION; CONDUCTION; BRAIN; AGE; SUPPLEMENTATION; ESTROGEN AB Background:: Aging of the peripheral nervous system is associated with several morphologic and functional changes, including a decrease of the nerve conduction velocity. There is evidence that these changes contribute to age-related-decline in muscle strength, sensory discrimination, and autonomic responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the decline in nerve conduction velocity in the peripheral nervous system over the aging process and to identify factors that, independent of age, affect nerve conduction velocity. Methods:: We measured motor nerve conduction velocity of the right superficial peroneal nerve using a standard neurophysiologic technique in a population-based sample of subjects aged between 20 and 103 years old enrolled in the InCHIANTI study. Results:: Average conduction velocities in the peripheral nerve decreased linearly with age in both sexes. We found that diabetes, cognitive impairment, uric acid, sIL-6R and alpha-tocopherol were significant predictors of nerve conduction velocity independently of the potential confounding effect of age, sex, sex x age interaction term, height, lymphocytes, neutrophils number, alpha 1 and alpha 2-globulin serum protein. Conclusions:: Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation and inadequate antioxidant defenses are associated with accelerated decline of nerve conduction velocity over the aging process. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med & Sci Aging, Lab Clin Epidemiol, I-66013 Chieti, Italy. Univ Perugia, Inst Gerontol & Geriatr, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Tuscany Reg Hlth Agcy, Lab Clin Epidemiol, Florence, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Pathol, Bologna, Italy. Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Med & Sci Aging, Lab Immunol & Allergy, Chieti, Italy. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, CeRTA, Barcelona, Spain. NIA, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Clin Res Branch, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Di Iorio, A (reprint author), Univ G DAnnunzio, Med & Aging Geriatr Unit & Epidemiol, Via Vestini 5, I-66100 Chieti, Italy. EM a.diiorio@unich.it RI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/J-3377-2012; VOLPATO, STEFANO/H-2977-2014; Lauretani, Fulvio/K-5115-2016; OI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/0000-0002-8494-4978; VOLPATO, STEFANO/0000-0003-4335-6034; Lauretani, Fulvio/0000-0002-5287-9972; Cherubini, Antonio/0000-0003-0261-9897 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999]; NIMHD NIH HHS [263MD821336, 263MD916413, R01 MD009164] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1280 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.07.004 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 073AB UT WOS:000239713400011 PM 16112778 ER PT J AU Robichaud, RL Glaubitz, JC Rhodes, OE Woeste, K AF Robichaud, Rodney L. Glaubitz, Jeffrey C. Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. Woeste, Keith TI A robust set of black walnut microsatellites for parentage and clonal identification SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE allele sharing; exclusion probability; genetic diversity; Juglans nigra; nSSRs; outcrossing rate ID N INDEPENDENT LOCI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA MARKERS; QUERCUS; POPULATIONS; TREES; PROBABILITY; PARAMETERS; PROGENY; PRUNUS AB We describe the development of a robust and powerful suite of 12 microsatellite marker loci for use in genetic investigations of black walnut and related species. These 12 loci were chosen from a set of 17 candidate loci used to genotype 222 trees sampled from a 38-year-old black walnut progeny test. The 222 genotypes represent a sampling from the broad geographic distribution of the species. Analysis of the samples using the 12 loci revealed an average expected heterozygosity of 0.83, a combined probability of identity of 3 x 10(-19), and a combined probability of exclusion for paternity analysis of > 0.999. The 222 genotyped trees from the progeny test comprised 39 open-pollinated families, 29 of which (having at least five sampled progeny) were used to estimate the outcrossing rate for the progeny trial. The same 29 families were used to construct a Neighbor-Joining dendrogram based upon allele sharing between individuals. The multilocus estimate of the outcrossing rate was 100% ( standard error of zero), higher than the 90% level found in previous studies at the embryo stage, suggesting that both artificial and natural selection against selfs may have occurred over the 38-year lifespan of the progeny trial. In the Neighbor-Joining dendrogram, the majority of the putative siblings grouped together in 21 out of the 29 families, showing that the microsatellites were able to discern most of the family structure in the dataset. Our results indicate that errors were sometimes committed during the establishment of the progeny test. This set of microsatellite loci clearly provides a powerful tool for future applications in black walnut. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, US Forest Serv,USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Robichaud, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, US Forest Serv,USDA, 715 W Sate St,Pfendler Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM robichau@purdue.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s11056-005-5961-7 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 073II UT WOS:000239735800005 ER PT J AU Kochenderfer, JD Kochenderfer, JN Miller, GW AF Kochenderfer, Jeffrey D. Kochenderfer, James N. Miller, Gary W. TI Controlling beech root and stump sprouts using the cut-stump treatment SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicides; American beech; efficacy; cut-stump treatment; costs; hardwood release; glyphosate; silviculture ID FAGUS-GRANDIFOLIA; AMERICAN BEECH; GRAFTS AB Application costs and efficacy were determined for cut-stump treatments applied to American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) to control root and stump sprouts in central West Virginia. Glyphosate as Glypro (53.8%) was applied to the outer 2 in. of beech stumps from trees > 6.0-in. dbh within 1 hour after cutting. In addition to treatment plots, individual beech stumps were treated to determine mortality patterns. The treatments were applied in early September 2001 and evaluated 12 months after treatment. A rating system ranging from 1 to 7 (0 to 100% crown affected) based on visual estimates of symptoms was used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Trees with a rating of 5 (75% crown control or greater) were considered controlled. After 12 months, more than 90% of beech root sprouts >= 1-ft tall to 5.9-in. dbh on treated plots were controlled. Complete control of stump sprouting also was achieved. An average of 93 beech stems was controlled around each treated stump. Mortality around treated stumps declined as the radial distance from stumps increased and stump size decreased. Average application cost (chemical and labor) rangedfirom $39.43 to 62.34 per acre depending on the basal area and number of stems treated. After two growing seasons, the number of beech root sprouts on more than 90% of the treated regeneration plots remained below levels considered as interfering according to guidelines for Allegheny hardwoods. This study demonstrated that herbicide is readily translocated from the surfaces of freshly cut beech stumps via parent root systems to attached live beech stems. The cut-stump method can be applied in areas where beech is the primary species interfering with the establishment and development of desirable regeneration. C1 US Forest Serv, Petersburg, WV 26847 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kochenderfer, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Petersburg, WV 26847 USA. EM jdkochenderfer@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 155 EP 165 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085SJ UT WOS:000240624400002 ER PT J AU Ristau, TE Horsley, SB AF Ristau, Todd E. Horsley, Stephen B. TI When is pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) a problem in Allegheny hardwoods? SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE pin cherry; Prunus pensylvanica; Silviculture of Allegheny Hardwoods (SILVAH); Allegheny hardwood; interference; regeneration ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOREST REGENERATION; INTERFERENCE; PENNSYLVANIA AB Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) has important effects on early stand development when it occurs at high densities. We used data describing the first 15 years of stand development in eight clearcuts and used plots that had at least 25 black cherry or 100 desirable seedlings at age 3, as well as different levels of pin cherry stocking. Our findings identified seven pin cherry > 5ft tall at age 3 on 6-ft-radius plots as the threshold for negative effects on stocking of seedling-origin trees of desirable species at age 15. We incorporated these finding into the regeneration followup chart used as part of the Silviculture of Allegheny Hardwoods (SILVAH) decision support framework. Of eight stands used in this study, four had a pin cherry interference problem, and four did not. By age 15, there were one-third as many desirable seedling-origin stems, mostly black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), in stands with pin cherry above the critical threshold density. We suggest some silvicultural options for addressing the problem. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Ristau, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM tristau@fs.fed.us; shorsley@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085SJ UT WOS:000240624400008 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, M Leak, WB AF Yamasaki, Mariko Leak, William B. TI Snag longevity in managed northern hardwoods SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE northern hardwoods; wildlife habitat; snag condition; coarse woody debris AB Little information on standing snag and coarse woody debris longevity exists for New England forest types. Forest managers thus lack the information on changes over time of the habitat components influenced by the decay process. We examined the fate of 568 snags that occurred on a long-term hardwood growth study on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, NH. Approximately one-third of the oldest dense hardwood sawtimber snags were still standing 20 to 25 years after death and 17% were still visible on the ground. Seventeen percent of the older moderately dense hardwood sawtimber snags were standing 15 to 20 years after death, 50% were still visible on the ground, and 33% had decomposed. Pole-sized snags appear to stand for shorter times than sawtimber and large sawtimber snags. Percentage of decomposed poles increased steadily throughout the time periods. These results can be most useful in predicting future wildlife habitat conditions in managed stands, as well as providing better rates Of decomposition information when modeling coarse woody debris. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Yamasaki, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM myamasaki@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 085SJ UT WOS:000240624400010 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Swingle, JK AF Forsman, Eric D. Swingle, James K. TI White-footed voles living in arboreal nests SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARBORIMUS-ALBIPES; OREGON AB The white-footed vole (Arborimus albipes) is endemic to forests of western Oregon and the coastal mountains of northwestern California. Although it is thought to be at least partly arboreal, only a few nests have been found, and those have all been on the ground. We describe the first confirmed instances of white-footed voles nesting in trees. We suggest that use of arboreal nests by white-footed voles may be a seasonal response to the presence of the leaves of red alder (Alnus rubra), which are a primary food source during the spring and summer. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 308 EP 310 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135LB UT WOS:000244154000009 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Park, HJ Chun, HK Cho, SY Cho, SM Lillehoj, HS AF Lee, Sung-Hyen Park, Hong-Ju Chun, Hye-Kyung Cho, So-Young Cho, Soo-Muk Lillehoj, Hyun Soon TI Dietary phytic acid lowers the blood glucose level in diabetic KK mice SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytic acid; diabetic mice; blood glucose; HbA(Ic); insulin ID STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLYCEMIC RESPONSE; INVITRO RATE; RATS; MELLITUS; EXTRACT; ACARBOSE; SERUM; METABOLISM AB Phytic acid, myo-inositol hexaphosphate, is a plant component existing in most grains and legumes. Although much attention has been focused on the biologic actions of phytic acid in human beings and animals, its effect on the blood glucose level in diabetic models has not been evaluated. This study was conducted to examine the supplementary effect of phytate on the blood glucose level in a diabetic rodent model. Thirty male diabetic KK mice were fed with purified diets supplemented with 0% (PO), 0.5% (P5), or 1.0% (P10) sodium phytate for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body and organ weights, and levels of fasting and random blood glucose, hemoglobin A(1c), as well as insulin were measured. A glucose tolerance test was conducted. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight, and organ weight among the experimental groups. The concentrations of fasting and random blood glucose were lower in the groups fed with the phytate diets, and the significant (P < .05) difference from PO was found only in the P10 group. Hemoglobin A(1c) levels were significantly (P < .05) lower in the P5 and P10 groups as compared with those in the PO group. There was no significant difference in insulin levels among the experimental groups. The blood glucose levels after 30 minutes of glucose injection were significantly lower in the P5 and P10 groups than in the PO group. These results suggest that phytate reduced the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice. Effective blood glucose control by phytate may be an alternative for the management of diabetes and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sunglee@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 47 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 9 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.06.017 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 094OS UT WOS:000241249400007 ER PT J AU Cai, GW Cole, SA Butte, N Bacino, C Diego, V Tan, K Goring, HH O'Rahilly, S Farooqi, IS Comuzzie, AG AF Cai, Guowen Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy Bacino, Carlos Diego, Vincent Tan, Karen Goering, Harald H. O'Rahilly, Stephen Farooqi, I. Sadaf Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI A quantitative trait locus on chromosome 18q for physical activity and dietary intake in Hispanic children SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE genome scan; childhood obesity; sedentary activity; total activity; MC4R ID MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR GENE; BODY-MASS INDEX; WIDE LINKAGE SCAN; ENERGY-INTAKE; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; QUEBEC FAMILY; HUMAN OBESITY; GENOME SCAN; FOOD-INTAKE; YOUNG AB Objective: Genetic components of energy homeostasis contributing to childhood obesity are poorly understood. Genome scans were performed to identify chromosomal regions contributing to physical activity and dietary intake traits in Hispanic children participating in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study. Research Methods and Procedures: We report linkage findings on chromosome 18 for physical activity and dietary intake in 1030 siblings from 319 Hispanic families. Measurements entailed physical activity by accelerometry, dietary intake by two 24-hour recalls, and genetic linkage analyses using SOLAR software. Results: Significant heritabilities were seen for physical activity and dietary intake, ranging from 0.46 to 0.69, except for vigorous activity (h(2) = 0.18). Percentage time in sedentary activity mapped to markers D18S1102-D18S64 on chromosome 18 [logarithm of the odds (LOD) score = 4.07], where melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) resides. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for total activity counts, percentage time in light or in moderate activity, and carbohydrate intake and percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates were detected in the same region (LOD = 2.28, 2.79, 2.2, 1.84, and 1.51, respectively). A novel loss of function mutation in MC4R (G55V) was detected in six obese relatives, but not in the rest of the cohort. Removal of these MC4R-deficient subjects from the analysis reduced the LOD score for sedentary activity to 3.94. Discussion: Given its role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, MC4R is a strong positional candidate gene for the QTL on chromosome 18 detected for physical activity and dietary intake in Hispanic children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Biochem, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge, England. RP Cai, GW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM cai@bcm.edu OI Diego, Vincent/0000-0002-0007-2085 FU Medical Research Council [G9824984]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264]; Wellcome Trust [068086] NR 45 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1596 EP 1604 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.184 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 097QG UT WOS:000241462500017 PM 17030971 ER PT J AU Huberty, AF Denno, RF AF Huberty, Andrea F. Denno, Robert F. TI Consequences of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation for the performance of two planthoppers with divergent life-history strategies SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dispersal ability; ecological stoichiometry; nitrogen; phosphorus; Prokelisia planthopper ID HOST-PLANT QUALITY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL; BOTTOM-UP FORCES; NORTH-CAROLINA; HERBIVORE PERFORMANCE; ELEMENT COMPOSITION; RELATIVE STRENGTH; INSECT HERBIVORES; SALT-MARSH; TOP-DOWN AB Phytophagous insects have a much higher nitrogen and phosphorus content than their host plants, an elemental mismatch that places inherent constraints on meeting nutritional requirements. Although nitrogen limitation is well documented in insect herbivores, phosphorus limitation is poorly studied. Using factorial experiments in the laboratory and field, in which levels of soil nitrogen and phosphorus were manipulated, we studied the relative consequences of macronutrient limitation for two herbivores, namely the phloem-feeding planthoppers Prokelisia dolus and P. marginata. These planthoppers inhabit the salt marshes of North America where large stands of their Spartina host plant are found. Notably, these congeners differ in their dispersal abilities; P. marginata is dispersive whereas P. dolus is sedentary. Both nitrogen and phosphorus subsidies enhanced the nitrogen and phosphorus content of Spartina. When P. dolus and P. marginata were raised on plants with an enriched nitrogen signature, they exhibited greater survival, grew to a larger size, developed more rapidly, and achieved higher densities than on nitrogen-deficient plants. However, P. marginata experienced greater fitness penalties than P. dolus on nitrogen-deficient plants. Phosphorus limitation and associated fitness penalties were not as severe as nitrogen limitation for P. marginata, and were not detected in P. dolus. The tempered response of P. dolus to N- and P-deficient Spartina is probably due to its greater investment in feeding musculature and hence ability to compensate for nutrient deficiencies with increased ingestion. To cope with deteriorating plant quality, P. dolus employs compensatory feeding, whereas P. marginata disperses to higher quality Spartina. When its option of dispersal is eliminated and P. marginata is confined on nutrient-deficient plants, its performance is drastically reduced compared with P. dolus. This research highlights the importance of interfacing herbivore life-history strategies with ecological stoichiometry in order to interpret the consequences of macronutrient limitation on herbivore performance and population dynamics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huberty, AF (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, BRS, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM ahuberty@terpalum.umd.edu NR 87 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 444 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0462-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 078LO UT WOS:000240104600007 PM 16794833 ER PT J AU Luckeydoo, LM Fausey, NR Davis, CB Regnier, E Brown, LC AF Luckeydoo, Lee M. Fausey, Norman R. Davis, Craig B. Regnier, Emilie Brown, Larry C. TI Passive establishment of vegetation in constructed wetlands in agricultural settings: a case study SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED BANK AB Three wetlands constructed in 1995 on land adjacent to agricultural fields in northwest Ohio were allowed to establish vegetation passively. Survey data collected 1998-2001 from quadrats in open water, frequently and infrequently submerged zones within the basin, identified 77 species over the three sites. Greatest species diversity occurred in the infrequently and frequently submerged zones. The dominant species within the wetlands originated from agricultural fields, nearby drainage ditches, streams, and the seeded erosion control buffer zones surrounding the wetlands. Six years following construction, less than 50% of the dominant species were wetland species. Results suggest that for constructed wetlands in agricultural settings, plantings or seeding of desired species will be required to supplement the existing sources of wetland vegetation species. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Luckeydoo, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 106 IS 4 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115FX UT WOS:000242721300006 ER PT J AU Sung, YM He, G Hwang, DH Fischer, SM AF Sung, Y. M. He, G. Hwang, D. H. Fischer, S. M. TI Overexpression of the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 results in enhanced skin tumor development SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE prostaglandin E2; EP2 transgenic mice; proliferation; angiogenesis; skin carcinogenesis ID COLON-CANCER CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; GROWTH-FACTOR; E-2 RECEPTOR; SUBTYPE EP4; MOUSE SKIN; EXPRESSION; PROMOTION; APOPTOSIS AB We previously showed that the EP2 knockout mice were resistant to chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the overexpression of the EP2 receptor in mouse skin carcinogenesis. To determine the effect of overexpression of EP2, we used EP2 transgenic (TG) mice and wild-type (WT) mice in a DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene)/TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. EP2 TG mice developed significantly more tumors compared with WT mice. Overexpression of the EP2 receptor increased TPA-induced keratinocyte proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the epidermis of EP2 TG mice 48 h after topical TPA treatment was significantly thicker compared to that of WT mice. EP2 TG mice showed significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the epidermis after prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment. The inflammatory response to TPA was increased in EP2 TG mice, as demonstrated by an increased number of macrophages in the dermis. Tumors and 7 x TPA-treated and DMBA-TPA-treated ( 6 weeks) skins from EP2 TG mice produced more blood vessels than those of WT mice as determined by CD-31 immunostaining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression was significantly increased in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples from EP2 TG mice compared that of WT mice. There was, however, no difference in the number of apoptotic cells in tumors from WT and EP2 TG mice. Together, our results suggest that the overexpression of the EP2 receptor plays a significant role in the protumorigenic action of PGE2 in mouse skin. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Sci Pk Res Div, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fischer, SM (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Sci Pk Res Div, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. EM smficher@mdanderson.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16672, CA100140]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07784] NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 40 BP 5507 EP 5516 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209538 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 082EV UT WOS:000240370400004 PM 16607275 ER PT J AU Fokialakis, N Osbrink, WLA Mamonov, LK Gemejieva, NG Mims, AB Skaltsounis, AL Lax, AR Cantrell, CL AF Fokialakis, Nikolas Osbrink, Weste L. A. Mamonov, Leonid K. Gemejieva, Nadejda G. Mims, Amelia B. Skaltsounis, Alexios L. Lax, Alan R. Cantrell, Charles L. TI Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Elchinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Echinops albicaulis; Echinops transiliensis; Echinops ritro; Echinops spinosissimus subsp spinosissimus; thiophenes; Coptotermes formosanus ID DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE; RESEARCH-SERVICE; TAGETES-PATULA; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; INSECTICIDES; MANAGEMENT AB Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops vitro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C formosanus within 9 days at I and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Pharm, Lab Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. USDA ARS, Formosan Subterraneen Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Inst Plant Physiol Genet & Bioengn, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. Inst Bot & Phytointroduct, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ccantrell@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 62 IS 9 BP 832 EP 838 DI 10.1002/ps.1237 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 082KQ UT WOS:000240386100008 PM 16791907 ER PT J AU Clark, DL Janecky, DR Lane, LJ AF Clark, David L. Janecky, David R. Lane, Leonard J. TI Science-based cleanup of Rocky Flats SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID WATER; SOIL C1 LJ Jane Consulting Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Clark, DL (reprint author), LJ Jane Consulting Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 9 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1063/1.2364243 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 081BC UT WOS:000240291200023 ER PT J AU Yin, X Wang, S Tang, J Hansen, JD Lurie, S AF Yin, X. Wang, S. Tang, J. Hansen, J. D. Lurie, S. TI Thermal conditioning of fifth-instar Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) affects HSP70 accumulation and insect mortality SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; fruit pest species; heat shock protein; pest management; preconditioning; thermal resistance ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; INDUCED THERMOTOLERANCE; FLESH FLY; BACTROCERA-TRYONI; L. LEPIDOPTERA AB Levels of HSP70 protein of fifth-instar codling moth [Cydia pomonella ( L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] are determined after conditioning at 35 degrees C for different times and also after recovery at 22 degrees C. Protein samples from larvae conditioned for different times are separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis electrophoresis. Sub-lethal thermal conditioning at 35 degrees C for 40 min, 2, 6 and 18 h induces new protein bands in the extracts from treated codling moth larvae. Immunodetection with an antibody to a heat-inducible HSP70 indicates a stronger reaction after 35 degrees C for 2, 6 and 18 h than after 35 degrees C for 40 min or control and, during the recovery period at 22 degrees C, the level of heat shock protein decreases. Conditioning of fifth-instar codling moths at 35 degrees C also induces thermotolerance in the insects and necessitates longer times at a lethal temperature to ensure mortality. Thermotolerance is correlated with the accumulation of heat inducible HSP70 protein. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Henan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lurie, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM slurie43@agri.gov.il RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2006.00512.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 081BT UT WOS:000240292900006 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Potter, TL Horn, BW AF Sobolev, Victor S. Potter, Thomas L. Horn, Bruce W. TI Prenylated stilbenes from peanut root mucilage SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HPLC-MS; stilbenes; mucilage; peanuts; groundnuts; Arachis hypogaea ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; PHYTOALEXIN; DERIVATIVES; RESVERATROL; GROUNDNUTS; ANALOGS; BIOLOGY; PLANTS; BARK; SOIL AB Seven prenylated stilbenes were identified by combined HPLC-PAD-APCI/MSn analysis of an extract of mucilage isolated from peanut (Arachis hypoguea L.) root tips. The principal constituent was assigned the structure 4-Q-methyl-but-1-enyl)-3, 5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-trans-stilbene. The common name mucilagin A is proposed for this novel compound. Its concentration in the mucilage was estimated at 250 mu g/g (wet weight basis). The large body of literature on the anti-microbial properties of plant-derived stilbenes suggests that compounds detected in peanut mucilage may play a role in regulating root-soil pathogen interactions. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 312 EP 322 DI 10.1002/pca.920 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 087MW UT WOS:000240747500005 PM 17019932 ER PT J AU Kang, SC Blair, JE Geiser, DM Khang, CH Park, SY Gahegan, M O'Donnell, K Luster, DG Kim, SH Ivors, KL Lee, YH Lee, YW Grunwald, NJ Martin, FM Coffey, MD Veeraraghavan, N Makalowska, I AF Kang, Seogchan Blair, Jaime E. Geiser, David M. Khang, Chang-Hyun Park, Sook-Young Gahegan, Mark O'Donnell, Kerry Luster, Douglas G. Kim, Seong H. Ivors, Kelly L. Lee, Yong-Hwan Lee, Yin-Won Grunwald, Niklaus J. Martin, Frank M. Coffey, Michael D. Veeraraghavan, Narayanan Makalowska, Izabela TI Plant pathogen culture collections: It takes a village to preserve these resources vital to the advancement of agricultural security and plant pathology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE database; disease diagnosis; epidemiology; informatics; pathogen taxonomy and systematics; population genetics ID PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; DNA BARCODES; COLLAR ROT; SP-NOV.; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; FUSARIUM AB Plant pathogen culture collections are essential resources in our fight against plant disease and for connecting discoveries of the present with established knowledge of the past. However, available infrastructure in support of culture collections is in serious need of improvement, and we continually face the risk of losing many of these collections. As novel and reemerging plant pathogens threaten agriculture, their timely identification and monitoring depends on rapid access to cultures representing the known diversity of plant pathogens along with genotypic, phenotypic, and epidemiological data associated with them. Archiving such data in a format that can be easily accessed and searched is essential for rapid assessment of potential risk and can help track the change and movement of pathogens. The underexplored pathogen diversity in nature further underscores the importance of cataloguing pathogen cultures. Realizing the potential of pathogen genomics as a foundation for developing effective disease control also hinges on how effectively we use the sequenced isolate as a reference to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversity within a pathogen species. In this letter, we propose a number of measures for improving pathogen culture collections. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, Ctr Computat Genom, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kang, SC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxk55@psu.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Gahegan, Mark/C-9297-2009; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 96 IS 9 BP 920 EP 925 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0920 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078GC UT WOS:000240089500001 PM 18944046 ER PT J AU Goates, BJ Jackson, EW AF Goates, Blair J. Jackson, Eric W. TI Susceptibility of wheat to Tilletia indica during stages of spike development SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smut; Triticum aestivum ID KARNAL BUNT; SECONDARY SPORIDIA; UNITED-STATES; INOCULATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; GROWTH; HOST AB Karnal bunt of wheat is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, which partially converts kernels into sori filled with teliospores. Despite minor overall yield and quality losses, the disease is of considerable international quarantine concern. Plant development stages reported susceptible to infection vary considerably. A study was designed to better define the susceptibility period by inoculating wheat spikes at different growth stages with naturally liberated secondary sporidia under optimal conditions for disease development. Spikes of a resistant and susceptible cultivar were inoculated at eight growth stages from awns emerging to soft dough. Spikes became susceptible only after emerging from the boot and continued to be susceptible up to soft dough stage at which low levels of disease occurred. Disease severity in both cultivars peaked when spikes were inoculated after complete emergence, but before the onset of anthesis. Disease levels tapered off gradually in spikes inoculated after anthesis. The results broaden the known susceptibility period of wheat to T indica to include stages long after anthesis, and indicate that infection from airborne inoculum is not possible during boot or awns emerging stages, which are commonly referred to as the most susceptible stages. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Goates, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM bgoates@uidaho.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 96 IS 9 BP 962 EP 966 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0962 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078GC UT WOS:000240089500006 PM 18944051 ER PT J AU Schmale, DG Leslie, JF Zeller, KA Saleh, AA Shields, EJ Bergstrom, GC AF Schmale, David G., III Leslie, John F. Zeller, Kurt A. Saleh, Amgad A. Shields, Elson J. Bergstrom, Gary C. TI Genetic structure of atmospheric populations of Gibberella zeae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; Fusarium graminearum; gene flow maize; random mating; scab ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; VIABLE SPORE DEPOSITION; EAR ROT PATHOGEN; WHEAT FIELDS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; GRAMINEARUM; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY; INOCULUM; DISTANCE AB Gibberella zeae, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and barley and Gibberella ear rot (GER) of corn, may be transported over long distances in the atmosphere. Epidemics of FHB and GER may be initiated by regional atmospheric sources of inoculum of G. zeae; however, little is known about the origin of inoculum for these epidemics. We tested the hypothesis that atmospheric populations of G. zeae are genetically diverse by determining the genetic structure of New York atmospheric populations (NYAPs) of G. zeae, and comparing them with populations of G. zeoe collected from seven different states in the northern United States. Viable, airborne spores of G. zeae were collected in rotational (lacking any apparent within-field inoculum sources of G. zeae) wheat and corn fields in Aurora, NY in May through August over 3 years (2002 to 2004). We evaluated 23 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci in 780 isolates of G. zeae. Normalized genotypic diversity was high (ranging from 0.91 to 1.0) in NYAPs of G. zeae, and nearly all of the isolates in each of the populations represented unique AFLP haplotypes. Pairwise calculations of Nei's unbiased genetic identity were uniformly high (> 0.99) for all of the possible NYAP comparisons. Although the NYAPs were genotypically diverse, they were genetically similar and potentially part of a large, interbreeding population of G. zeae in North America. Estimates of the fixation index (GST) and the effective migration rate (Nm) for the NYAPs indicated significant genetic exchange among populations. Relatively low levels of linkage disequilibrium in the NYAPs suggest that outcrossing is common and that the populations are not a result of a recent bottleneck or invasion. When NYAPs were compared with those collected across the United States, the observed genetic identities between the populations ranged from 0.92 to 0.99. However, there was a significant negative correlation (R = -0.59, P < 0.001) between genetic identity and geographic distance, suggesting that some genetic isolation may occur on a continental scale. The contribution of long-distance transport of G. zeae to regional epidemics of FHB and GER remains unclear, but the diverse atmospheric populations of G. zeae suggest that inoculum may originate from multiple locations over large geographic distances. Practically, the long-distance transport of G. zeae suggests that management of inoculum sources on a local scale, unless performed over extensive production areas, will not be completely effective for the management of FHB and GER. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Plant Germplasm Quarantine & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gcb3@cornell.edu RI Saleh, Amgad/A-8697-2012; OI Saleh, Amgad/0000-0002-2354-0144; Schmale, David/0000-0002-7003-7429 NR 54 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1021 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078GC UT WOS:000240089500013 PM 18944058 ER PT J AU Zhou, GK Zhong, RQ Richardson, EA Morrison, WH Nairn, CJ Wood-Jones, A Ye, ZH AF Zhou, Gong-Ke Zhong, Ruiqin Richardson, Elizabeth A. Morrison, W. Herbert, III Nairn, C. Joseph Wood-Jones, Alicia Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The poplar glycosyltransferase GT47C is functionally conserved with Arabidopsis Fragile fiber8 SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; glycosyltransferase; poplar; secondary wall synthesis; xylan ID SECONDARY WALL SYNTHESIS; ARABINOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; HYBRID ASPEN; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE; PLANTS; XYLAN AB Xylan is the major hemicellulose in dicot wood. Unraveling genes involved in the biosynthesis of xylan will be of importance in understanding the process of wood formation. In this report, we investigated the possible role of poplar GT47C, a glycosyltransferase belonging to family GT47, in the biosynthesis of xylan. PoGT47C from the hybrid poplar Populus alba x tremula exhibits 84% sequence similarity to Fragile fiber8 (FRA8), which is involved in the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of glycosyltransferase family GT47 in the Populus trichocarpa genome revealed that GT47C is the only close homolog of FRA8. In situ hybridization showed that the PoGT47C gene was expressed in developing primary xylem, secondary xylem and phloem fibers of stems, and in developing secondary xylem of roots. Sequence analysis suggests that PoGT47C is a type II membrane protein, and study of the subcellular localization demonstrated that fluorescent protein-tagged PoGT47C was located in the Golgi. Immunolocalization with a xylan monoclonal antibody LM10 revealed a nearly complete loss of xylan signals in the secondary walls of fibers and vessels in the Arabidopsis fra8 mutant. Expression of PoGT47C in the fra8 mutant restored the secondary wall thickness and xylan content to the wild-type level. Together, these results suggest that PoGT47C is functionally conserved with FRA8 and it is probably involved in xylan synthesis during wood formation. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu NR 36 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1229 EP 1240 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcj093 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 086SK UT WOS:000240693100005 PM 16887843 ER PT J AU Ji, J Scott, MP Bhattacharyya, MK AF Ji, J. Scott, M. P. Bhattacharyya, M. K. TI Light is essential for degradation of ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large subunit during sudden death syndrome development in soybean SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium solani f. sp glycines; Fusarium virguliforme; soybean; SIDS; Rubisco; MALDI-TOF-MS; TUNEL ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; SOLANI NAPHTHAZARIN TOXINS; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; CAUSAL AGENT; HOST; VICTORIN; DISEASE; GLYCINES AB Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (Fsg) has been reported to produce at least two phytotoxins. Cell-free Fsg culture filtrates containing phytotoxins have been shown to develop foliar sudden death syndrome (SIDS) in soybean. We have investigated the changes in protein profiles of diseased leaves caused by cell-free Fsg culture filtrates prepared from Fsg isolates. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamicle gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was conducted to investigate the protein profiles of diseased and healthy leaves. An approximately 55 kDa protein was found to be absent in diseased leaves. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses and a database search revealed that the missing protein is the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit, which is involved in carbon assimilation and photorespiration. This result was confirmed by Western blot experiments. We have shown that light is essential for disappearance of the Rubisco large subunit initiated by cell-free Fsg culture filtrates. The disappearance of the protein is fairly rapid and occurs within 24 h, presumably due to degradation. Cellfree, Fsg culture-induced degradation of the Rubisco large subunit was accompanied by accumulation of reactive oxygen species under light conditions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelling experiments suggested that programmed cell death was initiated in leaves of seedlings fed with cell-free Fsg culture filtrates. These results suggest that, in the presence of light, Fsg culture filtrates containing phytotoxins cause degradation of the Rubisco large subunit and accumulation of free radicals and, thereby, initiate programmed cell death leading to foliar SIDS development in soybean. C1 Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Ji, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, G303 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mbhattac@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1055/s-2006-924175 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 085ML UT WOS:000240608100007 PM 16821191 ER PT J AU Kirst, M Caldo, R Casati, P Tanimoto, G Walbot, V Wise, RP Buckler, ES AF Kirst, Matias Caldo, Rico Casati, Paula Tanimoto, Gene Walbot, Virginia Wise, Roger P. Buckler, Edward S. TI Genetic diversity contribution to errors in short oligonucleotide microarray analysis SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE affymetrix; genetic diversity; maize; microarray; type I error ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION PROFILES; ARRAYS; PATTERNS AB DNA arrays based on short oligonucleotide (<= 25-mer) probes are being developed for many species, and are being applied to quantify transcript abundance variation in species with high genetic diversity. To define the parameters necessary to design short oligo arrays for maize (Zea mays L.), a species with particularly high nucleotide (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) and insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism frequencies, we analysed gene expression estimates generated for four maize inbred lines using a custom Affymetrix DNA array, and identified biases associated with high levels of polymorphism between lines. Statistically significant interactions between probes and maize inbreds were detected, affecting five or more probes (out of 30 probes per transcript) in the majority of cases. SNPs and indels were identified by re-sequencing; they are the primary source of probe-by-line interactions, affecting probeset level estimates and reducing the power of detecting transcript level variation between maize inbreds. This analysis identified 36 196 probes in 5118 probesets containing markers that may be used for genotyping in natural and segregating populations for association gene analysis and genetic mapping. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kirst, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mkirst@ufl.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Walbot, Virginia/0000-0002-1596-7279 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00198.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 076FI UT WOS:000239942000002 PM 17309725 ER PT J AU Khanna, R Shen, Y Toledo-Ortiz, G Kikis, EA Johannesson, H Hwang, YS Quail, PH AF Khanna, Rajnish Shen, Yu Toledo-Ortiz, Gabriela Kikis, Elise A. Johannesson, Henrik Hwang, Yong-Sic Quail, Peter H. TI Functional profiling reveals that only a small number of phytochrome-regulated early-response genes in Arabidopsis are necessary for optimal deetiolation SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID DISRUPTS CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SEEDLING DE-ETIOLATION; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; REVERSE GENETICS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; OVERLAPPING FUNCTIONS; FLOWERING TIME AB In previous time-resolved microarray-based expression profiling, we identified 32 genes encoding putative transcription factors, signaling components, and unknown proteins that are rapidly and robustly induced by phytochrome ( phy)-mediated light signals. Postulating that they are the most likely to be direct targets of phy signaling and to function in the primary phy regulatory circuitry, we examined the impact of targeted mutations in these genes on the phy-induced seedling deetiolation process in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using light-imposed concomitant inhibition of hypocotyl and stimulation of cotyledon growth as diagnostic criteria for normal deetiolation, we identified three major mutant response categories. Seven ( 22%) lines displayed statistically significant, reciprocal, aberrant photoresponsiveness in the two organs, suggesting disruption of normal deetiolation; 13 ( 41%) lines displayed significant defects either unidirectionally in both organs or in hypocotyls only, suggesting global effects not directly related to photomorphogenic signaling; and 12 ( 37%) lines displayed no significant difference in photoresponsiveness from the wild type. Potential reasons for the high proportion of rapidly light-responsive genes apparently unnecessary for the deetiolation phenotype are discussed. One of the seven disrupted genes displaying a significant mutant phenotype, the basic helix-loop-helix factor-encoding PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3-LIKE1 gene, was found to be necessary for rapid light-induced expression of the photomorphogenesis- and circadian-related PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR9 gene, indicating a regulatory function in the early phy-induced transcriptional network. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-47475, R01 GM047475] NR 70 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2157 EP 2171 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.042200 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 083NQ UT WOS:000240463600008 PM 16891401 ER PT J AU Shockey, JM Gidda, SK Chapital, DC Kuan, JC Dhanoa, PK Bland, JM Rothstein, SJ Mullen, RT Dyer, JM AF Shockey, Jay M. Gidda, Satinder K. Chapital, Dorselyn C. Kuan, Jui-Chang Dhanoa, Preetinder K. Bland, John M. Rothstein, Steven J. Mullen, Robert T. Dyer, John M. TI Tung tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 have nonredundant functions in triacylglycerol biosynthesis and are localized to different subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ENCODING DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; DEVELOPING SEEDS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BRASSICA-NAPUS; LIPID BODIES; GENE FAMILY AB Seeds of the tung tree ( Vernicia fordii) produce large quantities of triacylglycerols ( TAGs) containing similar to 80% eleostearic acid, an unusual conjugated fatty acid. We present a comparative analysis of the genetic, functional, and cellular properties of tung type 1 and type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases ( DGAT1 and DGAT2), two unrelated enzymes that catalyze the committed step in TAG biosynthesis. We show that both enzymes are encoded by single genes and that DGAT1 is expressed at similar levels in various organs, whereas DGAT2 is strongly induced in developing seeds at the onset of oil biosynthesis. Expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in yeast produced different types and proportions of TAGs containing eleostearic acid, with DGAT2 possessing an enhanced propensity for the synthesis of trieleostearin, the main component of tung oil. Both DGAT1 and DGAT2 are located in distinct, dynamic regions of the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER), and surprisingly, these regions do not overlap. Furthermore, although both DGAT1 and DGAT2 contain a similar C-terminal pentapeptide ER retrieval motif, this motif alone is not sufficient for their localization to specific regions of the ER. These data suggest that DGAT1 and DGAT2 have nonredundant functions in plants and that the production of storage oils, including those containing unusual fatty acids, occurs in distinct ER subdomains. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Mullen, RT (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rtmullen@uoguelph.ca; jdyer@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Rothstein, Steven/A-4947-2013; OI Rothstein, Steven/0000-0003-0737-1878; Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 NR 83 TC 242 Z9 278 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2294 EP 2313 DI 10.1105/tpc.106.043695 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 083NQ UT WOS:000240463600018 PM 16920778 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Bernacchi, CJ Ort, DR Long, SP AF Leakey, Andrew D. B. Bernacchi, Carl J. Ort, Donald R. Long, Stephen P. TI Long-term growth of soybean at elevated [CO2] does not cause acclimation of stomatal conductance under fully open-air conditions SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; climate change; FACE; model; photosynthesis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FACE; RESPONSES; FIELD; PLANTS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Accurately predicting plant function and global biogeochemical cycles later in this century will be complicated if stomatal conductance (g(s)) acclimates to growth at elevated [CO2], in the sense of a long-term alteration of the response of g(s) to [CO2], humidity (h) and/or photosynthetic rate (A). If so, photosynthetic and stomatal models will require parameterization at each growth [CO2] of interest. Photosynthetic acclimation to long-term growth at elevated [CO2] occurs frequently. Acclimation of g(s) has rarely been examined, even though stomatal density commonly changes with growth [CO2]. Soybean was grown under field conditions at ambient [CO2] (378 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated [CO2] (552 mu mol mol(-1)) using free-air [CO2] enrichment (FACE). This study tested for stomatal acclimation by parameterizing and validating the widely used Ball et al. model (1987, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, vol IV, 221-224) with measurements of leaf gas exchange. The dependence of g(s) on A, h and [CO2] at the leaf surface was unaltered by long-term growth at elevated [CO2]. This suggests that the commonly observed decrease in g(s) under elevated [CO2] is due entirely to the direct instantaneous effect of [CO2] on g(s) and that there is no longer-term acclimation of g(s) independent of photosynthetic acclimation. The model accurately predicted g(s) for soybean growing under ambient and elevated [CO2] in the field. Model parameters under ambient and elevated [CO2] were indistinguishable, demonstrating that stomatal function under ambient and elevated [CO2] could be modelled without the need for parameterization at each growth [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 46 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1794 EP 1800 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01556.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 068JU UT WOS:000239370700011 PM 16913868 ER PT J AU Benson, DM Grand, LF Vernia, CS Gottwald, TR AF Benson, D. M. Grand, L. F. Vernia, C. S. Gottwald, T. R. TI Temporal and spatial epidemiology of Phytophthora root rot in Fraser fir plantations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease management; inoculum dispersal; soil moisture ID TOBACCO BLACK SHANK; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; INFECTED PLANTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; CINNAMOMI; DISEASE; RANDOMNESS; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; SPREAD AB In 1999, 19 plots of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) with a disease focus were established in commercial plantings grown for Christmas tree production in the mountains of five western North Carolina counties. Progress of Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi as estimated by mortality was followed in each plot over 3 to 4 years in an attempt to understand dispersal of inoculum. Slope, aspect, and field production age at the time plots were established were recorded. Rainfall estimated from National Weather Service stations each growing season also was recorded. The relationship of site parameters and rainfall to dispersal and disease was investigated. Disease incidence and mortality were assessed in June and September each year for 3 or 4 years depending on plot. Phytophthora root rot as estimated by mortality counts over time in a logistic regression model progressed in only five of 19 plots over 3 years. None of the site parameters correlated with mortality data, although slightly more disease was found in plots with a north aspect. Rainfall was below normal in the 3 years of the study and did not correlate with mortality in any year. Lack of disease progress in the majority of plots was attributed to drought conditions in the region. In the five plots where mortality increased over time, spatial analysis suggested an aggregated pattern of diseased plants. Aggregation was apparent but not very strong among nearest neighbors, but was considerably stronger among groups of trees within a local area. This aggregation within groups was stronger when larger group sizes were examined by beta-binomial analysis. A spatial analysis by distance indices method (SADIE) indicated the presence of secondary clusters occurring several meters away from the main focus. A stochastic model also was employed that indicated a combination of spatial processes were likely involved, specifically a tendency toward spread within a local area, but not necessarily to the nearest neighboring trees, combined with an influence of background inoculum that could not be accounted for within local areas and may have come from external sources. Thus, all sources of inoculum including infected planting stock, inoculum in soil, infected trees, and contaminated equipment were equally important in epidemics of Phytophthora root rot in Fraser fir and dispersal of R cinnamomi. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Benson, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mike_benson@ncsu.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1180 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1171 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700009 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, SJ Mahaffee, WF AF Scheuerell, Steven J. Mahaffee, Walter F. TI Variability associated with suppression of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on geranium by foliar applications of nonaerated and aerated compost teas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE compost extract; watery-fermented compost extract ID DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; WATER EXTRACTS; BENZIMIDAZOLE; GREENHOUSE; FUNGICIDES; RESISTANCE AB The use of compost teas in agriculture and urban landscapes is increasing, but there is conflicting information on which methods are suitable for obtaining compost teas that suppress disease when applied to plants. Numerous compost tea production parameters (compost source, aeration, nutrient additives, production duration, and use of application adjuvants) were tested for suppressing gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on geranium. While individual compost tea batches did significantly reduce disease, the majority of compost teas did not significantly suppress gray mold of geranium. For nonaerated compost tea (NCT), the most consistent, significant disease suppression was associated with particular compost samples and increased production time, with little effect of periodic stirring or the addition of nutrients at the onset of production. Continuously aerating compost tea did not significantly increase disease suppression compared with nonaerated compost teas. Preparing aerated compost tea (ACT) with nutrient additives did not consistently increase disease suppression; however, 67% of ACT batches made with a mixture of kelp extract, rock dust, and humic acid significantly reduced disease. Applying ACT with spray adjuvants significantly reduced disease compared with ACT with no adjuvants. The variability in gray mold suppression from NCT and ACT applications indicates that disease control would not be commercially acceptable unless there are no other alternatives due to production constraints, e.g., organic standards. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mahaffee, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR USA. EM mahaffew@science.oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1201 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700013 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2004 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; specific virulence ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; 2 POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; CANADA; VARIETIES; EVOLUTION; MEXICO AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, southeast, California, and Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2004. Single uredinial isolates (757 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2004, 52 virulence phenotypes of R triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MCDSB, selected by virulence to resistance genes Lr17a and Lr26, was the most common phenotype in the United States and was found in all wheat growing areas. Virulence phenotype TBBGG, with virulence to Lr2a, was the second most common phenotype and was found primarily in the spring wheat region of the north-central states. Virulence phenotype MBDSB, which has virulence to Lr17a, was the third most common phenotype and was found in all wheat growing areas except California. Phenotype TNRJJ, with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr24, and Lr41, was the fourth most common phenotype and occurred in the southeastern states and throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotypes avirulent to a second gene in the Thatcher differential line with Lr1 increased in frequency in the United States in 2004. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1224 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1219 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700016 ER PT J AU Pfender, WF AF Pfender, W. F. TI Interaction of fungicide physical modes of action and plant phenology in control of stem rust of perennial ryegrass grown for seed SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Lolium perenne ID GERMINATION; DURATION; CROPS AB Azoxystrobin provided protective and curative effects against stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) of inoculated perennial ryegrass under field conditions, significantly reducing disease severity compared with the nontreated check when applied as much as 15 days before infection or 14 days after infection. Propiconazole had a significant effect when applied 13, but not 15, days before infection or 7, but not 9, days after infection. Either fungicide was very effective when applied near the time of infection, and the effectiveness of each fungicide was well described by a second- or third-order polynomial with time (days or stem rust latent periods) as the independent variable. When symptomatic plants were sprayed with a fungicide, subsequent urediniospore production per pustule was reduced by 73% in propiconazole-treated plants and by 95% in azoxystrobin-treated plants. Azoxystrobin modestly but significantly reduced germinability of urediniospores from sprayed pustules, unlike propiconazole. These differences between the two fungicides in physical modes of action resulted in a marked difference in their effects on secondary, within-plant spread of the disease. In normal disease development, sporulation from the inner (adaxial) face of pustules on the flag-leaf sheath produces inoculum that leads to numerous contiguous secondary infections along the length of the emerging inflorescence, but only 7% of azoxystrobin-treated sheath pustules had sporulation from the adaxial surface compared with 72 and 90% of propiconazole-treated and nontreated pustules, respectively. Tillers treated with propiconazole early in the process of within-plant spread had significantly greater final stem rust severity than those treated with azoxystrobin at this time. Results of these experiments will allow effects of fungicide application to be incorporated into quantitative epidemic models that describe disease development as a function of environment and plant phenology. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1225 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700017 ER PT J AU Wei, W Opgenorth, DC Davis, RE Chang, CJ Summers, CG Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Opgenorth, Dan C. Davis, Robert E. Chang, Chung-Jan Summers, Charles G. Zhao, Yan TI Characterization of a novel adhesin-like gene and design of a real-time PCR for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Spiroplasma kunkelii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE diagnostic techniques; mollicutes; sarpin ID CORN STUNT SPIROPLASMA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DALBULUS-MAIDIS; DISEASE; MAIZE; CITRI; PLANT; QUANTIFICATION; PHYTOPLASMAS; LEAFHOPPER AB Spiroplasma kunkelii, a cell wall-less bacterium, is the causal agent of corn stunt disease. The pathogen is restricted to phloem sieve cells of infected plants and is transmitted by phloem-feeding leafhoppers. Since symptoms of corn stunt disease may not appear until close to flowering time, early detection of the pathogen in disease-transmitting leafhoppers and in symptomless foliar tissues of host plants is critical to disease forecasting and outbreak management. In this study, a field-deployable real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for sensitive and specific detection of S. kunkehi. Nucleotide sequence from a previously unreported adhesin-like gene was used to design primers and a fluorogenic probe. The assay was able to detect the presence of S. kunkehi DNA as low as 5 fg, a sensitivity 100 times more than that of conventional PCR. The assay was found to be highly specific to S. kunkelh, as it did not cross-react with one of the most closely related plant pathogenic spiroplasma species, S. citri. The assay was successfully applied to rapid field detection of S. kunkelii in its plant host and insect vectors. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhaoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1233 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700018 ER PT J AU Schroeder, KL Paulitz, TC AF Schroeder, K. L. Paulitz, T. C. TI Root diseases of wheat and barley during the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-8; TAKE-ALL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; REDUCED TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOUTH AUSTRALIA; CROP-ROTATION; WINTER-WHEAT; BARE PATCH; ROT AB The use of direct seeding (no-till) in place of tillage can reduce soil erosion and improve water infiltration. However, despite these improvements in soil quality, growers in the Pacific Northwest are reluctant to adopt direct seeding, partially because of fears of increased root diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp. To examine the effect of the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding, field plots were established at two locations. One site had been managed with direct seeding for 12 years, and the second had been conventionally tilled. Over 4 years, a portion of each plot was tilled or direct seeded, and planted to wheat or barley. Plants in the tilled plots had consistently more crown roots than plants in direct-seeded plots. Rhizoctonia root rot and yield did not differ between tillage types during the first 2 years of the study. However, in the third and fourth years of the transition to direct seeding, a higher incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot, increased hyphal activity of R. solani, and reduced yields were observed in direct-seeded plots. Populations of R. olyzae and Pythium spp., and incidence of take-all were the same for both management practices. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1247 EP 1253 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1247 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700020 ER PT J AU Krupa, S Bowersox, V Claybrooke, R Barnes, CW Szabo, L Harlin, K Kurle, J AF Krupa, Sagar Bowersox, Van Claybrooke, Roger Barnes, Charles W. Szabo, Les Harlin, Karen Kurle, James TI Introduction of Asian soybean rust urediniospores into the Midwestern United States - A case study SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE spore transport ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; FUNGAL SPORES; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; DUST AB In 2005, weekly rain samples collected at 124 National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) sites in the eastern and central United States were screened for Asian soybean rust (ASR; Phakopsora pachyrhizi) urediniospores. Application of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method detected P pachyrhizi DNA in the filter residue of rain samples collected during the week of 19 to 26 July 2005 in Minnesota, Missouri, and South Dakota. To determine the geographic origin of ASR urediniospores in those weekly composite samples, back air trajectories of the lifted condensation and mixed boundary layers were calculated for each rain event within the week, by sampling site. The calculations, based on the hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory model, pointed to source areas in eastern and southern Texas. In a separate case, DNA of P. pochyrhizi was detected in a 28 June to 5 July 2005 rain sample from an eastern Texas site. Back trajectories pointed to southern Texas and the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico as potential source areas of ASR urediniospores. Vertical motions of those back trajectories indicated a ventilation of the boundary layer in the upwind areas, suggesting the possible injection of urediniospores into the free troposphere where they can be transported for long distances before wet deposition. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Trends Neteork NADP Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Trends Neteork NTN Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, NADP Program, Champaign, IL USA. Illinois State Water Survey, NTN Program, Champaign, IL USA. RP Kurle, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kurle001@umn.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1254 EP 1259 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1254 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700021 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, AC Rios, JA AF Rodriguez, A. Carcamo Rios, J. Aguilar TI First report of Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi from Mexico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 CNRF, DGSV, Mexico City 04100, DF, Mexico. USDA, ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rodriguez, AC (reprint author), CNRF, DGSV, Guillermo Perez Valenzuela 127,Colonia Del Carmen, Mexico City 04100, DF, Mexico. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1260 EP 1260 DI 10.1094/PD-90-1260B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077OQ UT WOS:000240039700023 ER PT J AU Huebner, CD Tobin, PC AF Huebner, Cynthia D. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Invasibility of mature and 15-year-old deciduous forests by exotic plants SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; logistic regression; invasive plants; predicting invasions; resource availability; species richness ID APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD FOREST; HERBACEOUS LAYER; COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NATURE-RESERVES; PATTERNS; INVASION; GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEM; SPREAD AB High species richness, resource availability and disturbance are community characteristics associated with forest invasibility. We categorized commonly measured community variables, including species composition, topography, and landscape features, within both mature and 15-year-old clearcuts in West Virginia, USA. We evaluated the importance of each variable for predicting the degree of forest invasion by early-establishing exotic invasive plants. Biotic variables, including overall richness (excluding exotic invasive species) and mutually exclusive native and exotic non-invasive species richness, were the strongest indicators of invasibility. Sites that were located on northeast-facing slopes, more mesic conditions, or in clearcuts were more likely to be invaded by exotic invasive plants. Invasion of clearcut sites was more dependent on available microsites (e.g., lower solar radiation, northeast-facing slopes, and lower elevations) within each site than on the condition of the surrounding landscape, whereas invasion into the mature forests was dependent more on the surrounding landscape (e.g., proximity to paved roads). Our results indicate that exotic invasive plant species in our study area respond similarly as other plant species to resource availability and that competitive interactions are relatively unimportant. Current invasion into this landscape is more likely to be a passive reaction to site conditions instead of a driver of change. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Huebner, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cindy.huebner@gmail.com RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 186 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s11258-006-9112-9 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 072DH UT WOS:000239652300006 ER PT J AU Yang, SS Cheung, F Lee, JJ Ha, M Wei, NE Sze, SH Stelly, DM Thaxton, P Triplett, B Town, CD Chen, ZJ AF Yang, S. Samuel Cheung, Foo Lee, Jinsuk J. Ha, Misook Wei, Ning E. Sze, Sing-Hoi Stelly, David M. Thaxton, Peggy Triplett, Barbara Town, Christopher D. Chen, Z. Jeffrey TI Accumulation of genome-specific transcripts, transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton; expressed sequence tags; fiber; gene expression; phytohormone; polyploidy ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; TAG SAMPLING EXPERIMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; ALEURONE CELLS; MESSENGER-RNAS; DNA-SEQUENCE; QTL ANALYSIS AB Gene expression during the early stages of fiber cell development and in allopolyploid crops is poorly understood. Here we report computational and expression analyses of 32 789 high-quality ESTs derived from Gossypium hirsutum L. Texas Marker-1 (TM-1) immature ovules (GH_TMO). The ESTs were assembled into 8540 unique sequences including 4036 tentative consensus sequences (TCs) and 4504 singletons, representing approximately 15% of the unique sequences in the cotton EST collection. Compared with approximately 178 000 existing ESTs derived from elongating fibers and non-fiber tissues, GH_TMO ESTs showed a significant increase in the percentage of genes encoding putative transcription factors such as MYB and WRKY and genes encoding predicted proteins involved in auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Cotton homologs related to MIXTA, MYB5, GL2 and eight genes in the auxin, BR, GA and ethylene pathways were induced during fiber cell initiation but repressed in the naked seed mutant (N1N1) that is impaired in fiber formation. The data agree with the known roles of MYB and WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis leaf trichome development and the well-documented phytohormonal effects on fiber cell development in immature cotton ovules cultured in vitro. Moreover, the phytohormonal pathway-related genes were induced prior to the activation of MYB-like genes, suggesting an important role of phytohormones in cell fate determination. Significantly, AA sub-genome ESTs of all functional classifications including cell-cycle control and transcription factor activity were selectively enriched in G. hirsutum L., an allotetraploid derived from polyploidization between AA and DD genome species, a result consistent with the production of long lint fibers in AA genome species. These results suggest general roles for genome-specific, phytohormonal and transcriptional gene regulation during the early stages of fiber cell development in cotton allopolyploids. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chen, ZJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zjchen@mail.utexas.edu RI Wei, Ning/A-2411-2011; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 80 TC 117 Z9 130 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 761 EP 775 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02829.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 072VB UT WOS:000239700000009 ER PT J AU Chung, DW Pruzinska, A Hortensteiner, S Ort, DR AF Chung, Davyd W. Pruzinska, Adriana Hortensteiner, Stefan Ort, Donald R. TI The role of pheophorbide a oxygenase expression and activity in the canola green seed problem SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; CHLOROPHYLL BREAKDOWN; CELL-DEATH; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; FESTUCA-PRATENSIS; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GENE AB Under normal field growth conditions, canola (Brassica napus) seeds produce chloroplasts during early seed development and then catabolize the photosynthetic machinery during seed maturation, producing mature seeds at harvest that are essentially free of chlorophyll (Chl). However, frost exposure early in canola seed development disrupts the normal programming of Chl degradation, resulting in green seed at harvest and thereby significantly devaluing the crop. Pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO), a key control point in the overall regulation of Chl degradation, was affected by freezing. Pheophorbide a, the substrate of PaO, accumulated during late stages of maturation in seeds that had been exposed to freezing during early seed development. Freezing interfered with the induction of PaO activity that normally occurs in the later phases of canola seed development when Chl should be cleared from the seed. Moreover, we found that the induction of PaO activity in canola seed was largely posttranslationally controlled and it was at this level that freezing interfered with PaO activation. The increased accumulation of PaO transcript and protein levels during seed development was not altered by the freezing episode, and the increase in PaO protein was small compared to the increase in PaO activity. We found that PaO could be phosphorylated and that phosphorylation decreased with increasing activity, implicating PaO dephosphorylation as an important posttranslational control mechanism for this enzyme. Two PaO genes, BnPaO1 and BnPaO2, were identified in senescing canola leaves and during early seed development, but only BnPaO2 was expressed in maturing, degreening seeds. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Bern, Dept Biol, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1104/pp.106.084483 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081QF UT WOS:000240331400011 PM 16844830 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Vodkin, LO Walter, A Schurr, U AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair Vodkin, Lila O. Walter, Achim Schurr, Ulrich TI The effects of elevated CO2 concentration on soybean gene expression. An analysis of growing and mature leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT POPFACE; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; MICROARRAY DATA; CELL EXPANSION; PLANT-GROWTH; LEAF GROWTH; AIR; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Improvements in carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency lead to increases in maximum leaf area index at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]); however, the molecular drivers for this increase are unknown. We investigated the molecular basis for changes in leaf development at elevated [CO2] using soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. The transcriptome responses of rapidly growing and fully expanded leaves to elevated [CO2] were investigated using cDNA microarrays. We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves. Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves. We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO2] by development interaction. Clustering of these transcripts showed that transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [CO2] compared to growing leaves that developed at ambient [CO2]. The 327 [CO2]-responsive genes largely suggest that elevated [CO2] stimulates the respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates, which provides increased energy and biochemical precursors for leaf expansion and growth at elevated [CO2]. While increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate production at elevated [CO2] are well documented, this research demonstrates that at the transcript and metabolite level, respiratory breakdown of starch is also increased at elevated [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Juelich Res Ctr, ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Walter, Achim/N-8392-2013 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; NR 48 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1104/pp.106.086256 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081QF UT WOS:000240331400015 PM 16877698 ER PT J AU Bucciarelli, B Hanan, J Palmquist, D Vance, CP AF Bucciarelli, Bruna Hanan, Jim Palmquist, Debra Vance, Carroll P. TI A standardized method for analysis of Medicago truncatula phenotypic development SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; GROWTH-STAGES; DECIMAL CODE; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; MODEL; AVAILABILITY; ARCHITECTURE; ACQUISITION AB Medicago truncatula has become a model system to study legume biology. It is imperative that detailed growth characteristics of the most commonly used cultivar, line A17 cv Jemalong, be documented. Such analysis creates a basis to analyze phenotypic alterations due to genetic lesions or environmental stress and is essential to characterize gene function and its relationship to morphological development. We have documented morphological development of M. truncatula to characterize its temporal developmental growth pattern; developed a numerical nomenclature coding system that identifies stages in morphological development; tested the coding system to identify phenotypic differences under phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deprivation; and created visual models using the L-system formalism. The numerical nomenclature coding system, based on a series of defined growth units, represents incremental steps in morphological development. Included is a decimal component dividing growth units into nine substages. A measurement component helps distinguish alterations that may be missed by the coding system. Growth under N and P deprivation produced morphological alterations that were distinguishable using the coding system and its measurement component. N and P deprivation resulted in delayed leaf development and expansion, delayed axillary shoot emergence and elongation, decreased leaf and shoot size, and altered root growth. Timing and frequency of flower emergence in P-deprived plants was affected. This numerical coding system may be used as a standardized method to analyze phenotypic variation in M. truncatula due to nutrient stress, genetic lesions, or other factors and should allow valid growth comparisons across geographically distant laboratories. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Midw Area Biometrician, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council, Ctr Complex Syst,Adv Computat Modelling Ctr, Ctr Excellence Integrat Legume Res, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@umn.edu RI Hanan, Jim/A-3692-2010 OI Hanan, Jim/0000-0002-0358-8693 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1104/pp.106.082594 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081QF UT WOS:000240331400020 PM 16877701 ER PT J AU Alkharouf, NW Klink, VP Chouikha, IB Beard, HS MacDonald, MH Meyer, S Knap, HT Khan, R Matthews, BF AF Alkharouf, Nadim W. Klink, Vincent P. Chouikha, Imed B. Beard, Hunter S. MacDonald, Margaret H. Meyer, Susan Knap, Halina T. Khan, Rana Matthews, Benjamin F. TI Timecourse microarray analyses reveal global changes in gene expression of susceptible Glycine max (soybean) roots during infection by Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; microarray; gene expression; OLAP; soybean cyst nematode; laser capture microdissection (LCM) ID CDNA MICROARRAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CALMODULIN ISOFORMS; FEEDING SITES; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANT; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; RESPONSES; PROFILES AB Changes in gene expression within roots of Glycine max (soybean), cv. Kent, susceptible to infection by Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode [SCN]), at 6, 12, and 24 h, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post-inoculation were monitored using microarrays containing more than 6,000 cDNA inserts. Replicate, independent biological samples were examined at each time point. Gene expression was analyzed statistically using T-tests, ANOVA, clustering algorithms, and online analytical processing (OLAP). These analyses allow the user to query the data in several ways without importing the data into third-party software. RT-PCR confirmed that WRKY6 transcription factor, trehalose phosphate synthase, EIF4a, Skp1, and CLB1 were differentially induced across most time-points. Other genes induced across most timepoints included lipoxygenase, calmodulin, phospholipase C, metallothionein-like protein, and chalcone reductase. RT-PCR demonstrated enhanced expression during the first 12 h of infection for Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and sucrose synthase. The stress-related gene, SAM-22, phospholipase D and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase were also induced at the early time-points. At 6 and 8 dpi there was an abundance of transcripts expressed that encoded genes involved in transcription and protein synthesis. Some of those genes included ribosomal proteins, and initiation and elongation factors. Several genes involved in carbon metabolism and transport were also more abundant. Those genes included glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and sucrose synthase. These results identified specific changes in gene transcript levels triggered by infection of susceptible soybean roots by SCN. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, SGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Maryland, Univ Coll, Grad Sch Biotechnol Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, SGIL, Bldg 006,Rm 118,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2006 VL 224 IS 4 BP 838 EP 852 DI 10.1007/s00425-006-0270-8 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 077WT UT WOS:000240063100011 PM 16575592 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Gregoire, NT AF Barone, J. R. Gregoire, N. T. TI Characterisation of fibre-polymer interactions and transcrystallinity in short keratin fibre-polypropylene composites SO PLASTICS RUBBER AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AutoPolymers 2005 Conferenec CY OCT 28-31, 2005 CL Charleston, SC SP Minho Univ, Inst Polymers & Composites, Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Luso Amer Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn DE composites; polypropylene; maleic anhydride; DSC; properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; INTERFACE; GLASS AB Short fibre reinforced composites were made from keratin fibres obtained from poultry feathers. The matrix material was either polypropylene or a blend of polypropylene and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MaPP). In general, the addition of MaPP to polypropylene (PP) did not alter the tensile properties of the blend in a significant way. When not using MaPP, composites had lower breaking stresses than samples without fibres. However, MaPP at concentrations of > 4 wt-% enhanced the breaking stress of the composites to above the value without fibres. Concurrent thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a distinct increase in the amount of transcrystallinity in the composites at MaPP concentrations greater than 4 wt-%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed increased interactions between the protein fibres and the PP/MaPP matrix. Annealing showed that more large polymer crystals near the fibres were not enough to increase stress transfer across the interface. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, EMBUL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, EMBUL, BARC W, Bldg 012,Rm 1-3,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1465-8011 J9 PLAST RUBBER COMPOS JI Plast. Rubber Compos. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6-7 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1179/174328906X146478 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 103NT UT WOS:000241894500009 ER PT J AU Suguitan, AL McAuliffe, J Mills, KL Jin, H Duke, G Lu, B Luke, CJ Murphy, B Swayne, DE Kemble, G Subbarao, K AF Suguitan, Amorsolo L., Jr. McAuliffe, Josephine Mills, Kimberly L. Jin, Hong Duke, Greg Lu, Bin Luke, Catherine J. Murphy, Brian Swayne, David E. Kemble, George Subbarao, Kanta TI Live, attenuated influenza A H5N1 candidate vaccines provide broad cross-protection in mice and ferrets SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COLD-ADAPTED INFLUENZA; AVIAN INFLUENZA; VIRUS-VACCINES; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; REVERSE GENETICS; HONG-KONG; A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 VACCINE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE AB Background Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 viruses in humans and avian species that began in Asia and have spread to other continents underscore an urgent need to develop vaccines that would protect the human population in the event of a pandemic. Methods and Findings Live, attenuated candidate vaccines possessing genes encoding a modified H5 hemagglutinin ( HA) and a wild-type (wt) N1 neuraminidase from influenza A H5N1 viruses isolated in Hong Kong and Vietnam in 1997, 2003, and 2004, and remaining gene segments derived from the cold-adapted (ca) influenza A vaccine donor strain, influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca (H2N2), were generated by reverse genetics. The H5N1 ca vaccine viruses required trypsin for efficient growth in vitro, as predicted by the modification engineered in the gene encoding the HA, and possessed the temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes specified by the internal protein genes of the ca vaccine donor strain. More importantly, the candidate vaccines were immunogenic in mice. Four weeks after receiving a single dose of 10(6) 50% tissue culture infectious doses of intranasally administered vaccines, mice were fully protected from lethality following challenge with homologous and antigenically distinct heterologous wt H5N1 viruses from different genetic sublineages (clades 1, 2, and 3) that were isolated in Asia between 1997 and 2005. Four weeks after receiving two doses of the vaccines, mice and ferrets were fully protected against pulmonary replication of homologous and heterologous wt H5N1 viruses. Conclusions The promising findings in these preclinical studies of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the H5N1 ca vaccines against antigenically diverse H5N1 vaccines provide support for their careful evaluation in Phase 1 clinical trials in humans. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. MedImmune Vaccines, Mountain View, CA USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 48 TC 187 Z9 200 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1555 AR e360 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030360 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 103YT UT WOS:000241923800022 PM 16968127 ER PT J AU Gapper, NE Bai, J Whitaker, BD AF Gapper, Nigel E. Bai, Jinhe Whitaker, Bruce D. TI Inhibition of ethylene-induced at-farnesene synthase gene PcAFS1 expression in 'd'Anjou' pears with 1-MCP reduces synthesis and oxidation of alpha-farnesene and delays development of superficial scald SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pear fruit; Pyrus communis; alpha-farnesene synthase; ethylene; gene expression; superficial scald ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; PEEL TISSUE; CONJUGATED TRIENOLS; FRUIT; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; DIPHENYLAMINE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Pre-storage treatment of superficial scald-susceptible apple and pear fruits with the blocker of ethylene action 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) inhibits the synthesis of alpha-farnesene. Consequently, accumulation of alpha-farnesene and its conjugated trienol (CTol) oxidation products in the fruit skin is diminished, and scald is largely prevented. In cold-stored apple fruit, a marked increase in expression of AFS1, the gene encoding alpha-farnesene synthase (AFS), precedes the rapid accumulation of alpha-farnesene. A Pyrus communis L. gene encoding AFS (PcAFS1) was cloned using RT-PCR with primers based on apple AFS1 and RNA from peel tissue of 'd'Anjou' pears cold-stored for 33-94 days. Non-treated control and 1-MCP-treated (300 nL L-1 for 6 h at 1 degrees C) pears were stored at - 1 degrees C in air for up to 216 days. PcAFS1 expression in control fruit increased sharply over the first 63 days, remained high through 123 days, fell to much lower levels from 157 to 183 days, then increased again to maximum levels at 216 days. In comparison, expression of PcAFS1 was attenuated in 1-MCP-treated fruit. PcAFS1 transcript was almost nil through 94 days, rose sharply at 123 days and reached a maximum at 183 days that was two-fold lower than the highest level in controls. Maximum concentrations of alpha-farnesene and CTols in control fruit occurred at 94 and 123 days, respectively, and scald incidence was 100% after 94 days. alpha-Farnesene and CTol levels at these time points were, respectively, 9- and 19-fold lower in 1-MCP-treated fruit, which had no scald at 157 days, 13% at 183 days and 40% at 216 days. Post-storage ripening, with the associated increases in softening, respiration and ethylene production, was fully enabled in control fruit after 63 days at -1 degrees C, whereas 1-MCP-treated pears failed to ripen properly even after 216 days. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002,Rm 117,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitakeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.04.014 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082KO UT WOS:000240385900001 ER PT J AU Defilippi, BG Whitaker, BD Hess-Pierce, BM Kader, AA AF Defilippi, Bruno G. Whitaker, Bruce D. Hess-Pierce, Betty M. Kader, Adel A. TI Development and control of scald on wonderful pomegranates during long-term storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE punica granatum; physiological disorder; controlled atmosphere; 1-MCP; DPA ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FRUIT; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; PHYSIOLOGY; CULTIVARS AB Scald of the husk surface is an important factor limiting long-term storage of pomegranates and little information is available about its cause and methods of control. We evaluated the efficacy of prestorage treatment with diphenylamine and/or 1-methylcyclopropene and of atmospheric modification during storage on scald incidence and severity on Wonderful pomegranates. Scald incidence and severity were greater on pomegranates harvested during late season than on those harvested during mid season, indicating that this disorder may be associated with senescence. All pomegranates from both harvests that were kept in air exhibited some scald after 4-6 months at 7 degrees C. Neither diphenylamine, at 1100 or 2200 mu L L-1, nor 1-methylcyclopropene at 1 mu L L-1, alone or together reduced scald incidence and severity. In contrast, the three controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions tested (1 kPa O-2, 1 kPa O-2 + 15 kPa CO2 and 5 kPa O-2 + 15 kPa CO2) significantly reduced scald incidence and severity on pomegranates from both harvest dates for up to 6 months at 7 degrees C. However, the two CA treatments with 1 kPa O-2 resulted in greater accumulation of fermentative volatiles (acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) than the CA treatment with 5 kPa 02, especially in the mid-season-harvested pomegranates. In addition to its fungistatic effects, 15 kPa CO2 appears to be critical for inhibition of scald development on pomegranates. These results confirm recommendation by Hess-Pierce and Kader (2003) of 5 kPa O-2 + 15 kPa CO2 (balance N-2) as the optimal CA for pomegranates at 7 degrees C and 90-95% relative humidity. Since very little if any a-farnesene or its conjugated trienol oxidation products were found in the peel of pomegranates, it appears that the biochemical basis of scald in pomegranates is different from that in apples. CA storage (5 kPa O-2 + 15 kPa CO2) decreased or prevented changes in carotenoid, acyl lipid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism that were associated with scald development in stem-end peel tissue of air-stored fruit and are indicative of stress and/or senescence. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INIA, La Platina Expt Stn, Santiago, Chile. ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Defilippi, BG (reprint author), INIA, La Platina Expt Stn, Casilla 439-3, Santiago, Chile. EM bdefilip@inia.cl RI Defilippi, Bruno/K-7172-2014 OI Defilippi, Bruno/0000-0003-3352-7792 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.04.006 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082KO UT WOS:000240385900002 ER PT J AU Peng, YK Lu, RF AF Peng, Yankun Lu, Renfu TI Improving apple fruit firmness predictions by effective correction of multispectral scattering images SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit; apples; firmness; multispectral imaging; scattering; Lorentzian function ID PEACH FIRMNESS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; IMAGING-SYSTEM; IMPACT; IMPULSE AB Firmness is an important parameter in determining the maturity and quality grade of apple fruit. The objective of this research was to improve the multispectral imaging system used in our previous studies and refine scattering analysis methods for more effectively measuring apple fruit firmness. An improved multispectral imaging system equipped with a light intensity controller was used to measure light scattering from 'Red Delicious' apples at seven wavelengths and 'Golden Delicious' apples at eight wavelengths. A correction method was proposed to reduce noise signals in the scattering images during radial averaging of image pixels. Apple shape/size affected scattering intensity and distance, and two methods were proposed for correcting their effects. The corrected scattering images were reduced to spatially symmetrical profiles by radial averaging. A modified Lorentzian distribution (MLD) function with four parameters was used to fit the scattering profiles. Firmness prediction models were developed by multi-linear regression against MLD parameters for two apple cultivars. The improved system yielded better firmness predictions with the correlation (r) of 0.898 and the standard error of validation (S.E.V.) of 6.41 N for 'Red Delicious' apples and r = 0. 897 and S.E.V. = 6.14 N for 'Golden Delicious' apples. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Peng, YK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 127 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM pengy@msu.edu NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.04.005 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 082KO UT WOS:000240385900006 ER PT J AU Line, JE Bailey, JS AF Line, J. E. Bailey, J. S. TI Effect of on-farm litter acidification treatments on Campylobacter and Salmonella populations in commercial broiler houses in northeast Georgia SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; litter treatment; Salmonella; aluminum sulfate; sodium bisulfate ID POULTRY LITTER; CHICKENS AB Two commercially available litter treatments, aluminum sulfate and sodium bisulfate, were tested to determine their effect on Campylobacter and Salmonella levels associated with commercial broilers during a 6-wk grow-out period. A total of 20 broiler houses at 10 different locations were studied; 5 aluminum sulfate-treated houses, 5 sodium bisulfate-treated houses, and 10 paired, untreated control houses. A single application rate was investigated for each treatment. Fecal samples (n = 20 per house) were analyzed at wk 2, 4, and 5 and 6 for Campylobacter and Salmonella. The results indicated that, at the application rates investigated, both acidifying litter treatments caused a slight delay in the onset of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chicks. Salmonella levels remained unaffected, with no significant effect seen with either treatment (P > 0.05). Campylobacter populations and Salmonella incidence associated with unprocessed, whole-carcass rinse samples (n = 10 per house) analyzed at the end of production (wk 5 and 6) were unaffected by treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30677 USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30677 USA. EM eline@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1529 EP 1534 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 077IH UT WOS:000240022000004 PM 16977837 ER PT J AU Cole, K Farnell, MB Donoghue, AM Stern, NJ Svetoch, EA Eruslanov, BN Volodina, LI Kovalev, YN Perelygin, VV Mitsevich, EV Mitsevich, IP Levchuk, VP Pokhilenko, VD Borzenkov, VN Svetoch, OE Kudryavtseva, TY Reyes-Herrera, I Blore, PJ de los Santos, FS Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K. Farnell, M. B. Donoghue, A. M. Stern, N. J. Svetoch, E. A. Eruslanov, B. N. Volodina, L. I. Kovalev, Y. N. Perelygin, V. V. Mitsevich, E. V. Mitsevich, I. P. Levchuk, V. P. Pokhilenko, V. D. Borzenkov, V. N. Svetoch, O. E. Kudryavtseva, T. Y. Reyes-Herrera, I. Blore, P. J. de los Santos, F. Solis Donoghue, D. J. TI Bacteriocins reduce Campylobacter colonization and alter gut morphology in turkey poults SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; ceca; bacteriocin; turkey; gastrointestinal tract ID BROILER-CHICKENS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; JEJUNI; SALMONELLA; STRAINS; ANTIMICROBIALS; INTESTINE; INFECTION; PATHOGENS AB Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Recent evidence has demonstrated that bacteriocins produced by Bacillus circulans and Paenibacillus polymyxa reduce cecal Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni. As Campylobacter coli is the most prevalent Campylobacter isolate recovered in turkeys, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of these bacteriocins against C. coli colonization and their influence on the gastrointestinal architecture of young turkeys. In 3 separate trials, a total of 135 day-of-hatch poults (n = 45/trial) were orally challenged on d 3 with approximately 10(6) cfu of a mixture of 3 C. coli isolates. Immediately before bacteriocin treatment (d 10), cecal Campylobacter concentrations averaged 1. 1 X 107 CfU/ g of cecal contents (n = 15/trial). On d 10 to 12 posthatch, 2 bacteriocin treatment groups were given free access to feed supplemented with purified, microencapsulated bacteriocins, whereas the positive control treatment group had access to untreated feed (n = 10/treatment group per trial). At the end of the 3-d dosing period, ceca and duodenal loops were collected for analysis. In each of the 3 separate trials, treatment with bacteriocin eliminated detectable ceca Campylobacter concentrations (detection limit, 1 x 10(2) cfu/g of cecal contents) vs. controls (1.0 x 10(6) cfu of Campylobacter/g of cecal contents). Duodenum crypt depth and goblet cell numbers were also reduced in turkeys treated with either bacteriocin vs. controls (P < 0.05). The dynamic reduction in crypt depth and goblet cell density in turkeys dosed with bacteriocin may provide clues to how bacteriocins inhibit enteric Campylobacter. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res UNit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens 30604, Greece. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 42 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1570 EP 1575 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 077IH UT WOS:000240022000009 PM 16977842 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR AF Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. Northcutt, J. K. Cox, N. A. Harrison, M. A. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Ladely, S. R. TI Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from commercial shell eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Escherichia coli; egg; antimicrobial resistance ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ENTERITIDIS; POULTRY; ANIMALS; TYPHIMURIUM; PROFILES; SAMPLES; ORIGIN; AGENTS; KOREA AB The development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria has become a global problem. Isolates of Salmonella and Escherichia coli recovered from shell egg samples, collected at 3 commercial plants, were analyzed for resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents (n = 990). Eggs were sampled by rinsing in a saline solution. Pooled samples were preenriched in buffered peptone water and then selectively isolated using standard broths and agars. Salmonella-positive isolates were serogrouped immunologically before being serotyped. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated from individual samples using violet red bile glucose agar plates. Escherichia coli were identified biochemically from presumptive Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Salmonella and generic E. coli antimicrobial-susceptibility testing was conducted using a semiautomated broth microdilution system. More resistance was observed in the Salmonella isolates (n = 41) than in the E. coli isolates (n = 194). Salmonella Typhimurium was the most prevalent (69.0%) serotype and demonstrated the greatest multiple resistance. Salmonella Kentucky, the least prevalent (5.0%) serotype recovered, was the most susceptible. Although 34.1% of the Salmonella serotypes were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents, 60.1% were resistant to 11 or more compounds. Many Salmonella isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (63.4%), nalidixic acid (63.4%), and streptomycin (61.0%). Most E. coli isolates (73.2%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial drugs. Many E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (29.9%), streptomycin (6.2%), and gentamicin (3.1%). Only 1% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to 4 antimicrobial agents. These data indicate that shell eggs can harbor resistant foodborne and commensal bacteria; among Salmonella isolates, resistance was serotype-dependent. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Bacteriol Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Safety & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1665 EP 1669 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 077IH UT WOS:000240022000022 PM 16977855 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, GJ Rodriguez, D Christensen, LK Belford, R Sadras, VO Clarke, TR AF Fitzgerald, G. J. Rodriguez, D. Christensen, L. K. Belford, R. Sadras, V. O. Clarke, T. R. TI Spectral and thermal sensing for nitrogen and water status in rainfed and irrigated wheat environments SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Implementation of Precision Agriculture CY JUN 09-12, 2005 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE remote sensing; thermal sensing; crop stress index; CCCI; chlorophyll; nitrogen; water stress; wheat ID CANOPY GROUND COVER; COTTON CANOPY; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; VEGETATION INDEX; REFLECTANCE; STRESS; LEAVES; CORN; TEMPERATURE; INDICATOR AB Variable-rate technologies and site-specific crop nutrient management require real-time spatial information about the potential for response to in-season crop management interventions. Thermal and spectral properties of canopies can provide relevant information for non-destructive measurement of crop water and nitrogen stresses. In previous studies, foliage temperature was successfully estimated from canopy-scale (mixed foliage and soil) temperatures and the multispectral Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (CCCI) was effective in measuring canopy-scale N status in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems in Horsham, Victoria, Australia. In the present study, results showed that under irrigated wheat systems in Maricopa, Arizona, USA, the theoretical derivation of foliage temperature unmixing produced relationships similar to those in Horsham. Derivation of the CCCI led to an r(2) relationship with chlorophyll a of 0.53 after Zadoks stage 43. This was later than the relationship (r(2) = 0.68) developed for Horsham after Zadoks stage 33 but early enough to be used for potential mid-season N fertilizer recommendations. Additionally, ground-based hyperspectral data estimated plant N (g kg(-1)) in Horsham with an r(2) = 0.86 but was confounded by water supply and N interactions. By combining canopy thermal and spectral properties, varying water and N status can potentially be identified eventually permitting targeted N applications to those parts of a field where N can be used most efficiently by the crop. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. Nord Genebank, Alnarp, Sweden. Primary Ind Res, Horsham, Vic, Australia. SARDI, Waite Res Precinct, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Fitzgerald, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM glenn.fitzgerald@dpi.vic.gov.au RI Rodriguez, Daniel/A-7920-2011; Sadras, Victor/D-5122-2013 OI Sadras, Victor/0000-0002-5874-6775 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s11119-006-9011-z PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 095MH UT WOS:000241311400001 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Watson, K Zakeri, I Ralston, K AF Cullen, Karen Weber Watson, Kathy Zakeri, Issa Ralston, Katherine TI Exploring changes in middle-school student lunch consumption after local school food service policy modifications SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE middle school; dietrary behaviour; snack bar; vending; national School; lunch Program; competitive foods; policy change ID LA CARTE; ENVIRONMENT; ADOLESCENTS; VEGETABLES; CHILDREN; FRUITS; IMPACT AB Objective This study assessed the impact of changes in school food policy on student lunch consumption in middle schools. Methods Two years of lunch food records were collected from students at three middle schools in the Houston, Texas area. During the first year, no changes occurred in the school food environment. After that school year was completed, chips and dessert foods were removed from the snack bars of all schools by the Food Service Director. Students recorded the amount and source of food and beverage items consumed. Point-of-service purchase machines provided a day-by-day electronic data file with food and beverage purchases from the snack bars during the 2-year period. Independent t-tests and time series analyses were used to document the impact of the policy change on consumption and sales data between the two years. Results In general, student consumption of sweetened beverages declined and milk, calcium, vitamin A, saturated fat and sodium increased after the policy change. Snack chips consumption from the snack bar declined in year 2; however, consumption of snack chips and candy from vending increased and the number of vending machines in study schools doubled during the study period. Ice cream sales increased significantly in year 2. Conclusions Policy changes on foods sold in schools can result in changes in student consumption from the targeted environments. However, if all environments do not make similar changes, compensation may occur. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88511] NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 814 EP 820 DI 10.1079/PHN2005878 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 076QJ UT WOS:000239972500021 PM 16925889 ER PT J AU Millar, CI King, JC Westfall, RD Alden, HA Delany, DL AF Millar, Constance I. King, John C. Westfall, Robert D. Alden, Harry A. Delany, Diane L. TI Late Holocene forest dynamics, volcanism, and climate change at Whitewing Mountain and San Joaquin Ridge, Mono County, Sierra Nevada, CA, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleoecology; medieval climate; Late Holocene; climate change; Long Valley volcanism; Inyo craters; forest history; paleoclimatic modeling; tree-ring; dating ID CROSS-DATING POSITIONS; TREE-RING SERIES; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES AB Deadwood tree stems scattered above treeline on tephra-covered slopes of Whitewing Mtn (3051 in) and San Joaquin Ridge (3122 in) show evidence of being killed in an eruption from adjacent Glass Creek Vent, Inyo Craters. Using tree-ring methods, we dated deadwood to AD 8151350 and infer from death dates that the eruption occurred in late summer AD 1350. Based on wood anatomy, we identified deadwood species as Pinus albicaulis, R monticola, P lambertiana, R contorta, R jeffreyi, and Tsuga mertensiana. Only P albicaulis grows at these elevations currently; P lambertiana is not locally native. Using contemporary distributions of the species, we modeled paleoclimate during the time of sympatry to be significantly warmer (+3.2 degrees C annual minimum temperature) and slightly drier (-24 mm annual precipitation) than present, resembling values projected for California in the next 70-100 yr. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All fights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Lone Pine Res, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.001 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 103GP UT WOS:000241874000007 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Lonczynski, KA Sommers, CH AF Niemira, Brendan A. Lonczynski, Kelly A. Sommers, Christopher H. TI Radiation sensitivity of Salmonella isolates relative to resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or gentamicin SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; irradiation; nalidixic acid; Salmonella; D-10 value; selective marker ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FRESH PRODUCE; MICROORGANISMS; IRRADIATION; MECHANISM; LETTUCE; FOODS AB Antibiotic resistance of inoculated bacteria is a commonly used selective marker. Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic nalidixic acid have been shown to have an increased sensitivity to irradiation. The purpose of this research was to screen a collection of Salmonella isolates for antibiotic resistance and determine the association, if any, of antibiotic resistance with radiation sensitivity. Twenty-four clinical isolates of Salmonella were screened for native resistance to multiple concentrations of ampicillin (Amp), chloramphenicol (Chl), or gentamicin (Gm). Test concentrations were chosen based on established clinical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels, and isolates were classified as either sensitive or resistant based on their ability to grow at or above the MIC. Salmonella cultures were grown overnight at (37 degrees C) in antibiotic-amended tryptic soy broth (TSB). Native resistance to Gm was observed with each of the 24 isolates (100%). Eight isolates (33%) were shown to be resistant to Amp, while seven isolates (29%) were shown to be resistant to Chl. In separate experiments, Salmonella cultures were grown overnight (37 degrees C) in TSB, centrifuged, and the cell pellets were re-suspended in phosphate buffer. The samples were then gamma irradiated at doses up to 1.0 kGy. The D-10 values (the ionizing radiation dose required to reduce the viable number of microorganisms by 90%) were determined for the 24 isolates and they ranged from 0.181 to 0.359 kGy. No correlation was found between the D 10 value of the isolate and its sensitivity or resistance to each of the three antibiotics. Resistance to Amp or Chl is suggested as appropriate resistance marker for Salmonella test strains to be used in studies of irradiation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bniemira@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1080 EP 1086 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.03.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 081GE UT WOS:000240304400023 ER PT J AU Butler, JL Parker, MS Murphy, JT AF Butler, Jack L. Parker, Matthew S. Murphy, John T. TI Efficacy of flea beetle control of leafy spurge in Montana and South Dakota SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aphthona; biological weed control; Euphorbia esula; Northern Great Plains ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; APHTHONA SPP.; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RANGELAND; HABITAT; WEED; RELEASE; EUROPE AB Black (Aphthona lacertosa and Aphthona czwalinae) and brown (Aphthona nigriscutis) flea beetles are among the more successful biological control agents used in the control and management of leafy spurge on a relatively large scale in the Northern Great Plains. The objectives of this study were to document leafy spurge population dynamics in response to control by black and brown flea beetles, determine the role of selected site characteristics on establishment and persistence of the beetles, and evaluate the general response of the resident vegetation to control of leafy spurge. In late June 1998, about 3 000 insects of each species were released into permanently marked plots in northwestern South Dakota and southeastern Montana. Beetle abundance, density and foliar cover of leafy spurge, and foliar cover of the resident vegetation were evaluated each year from 1998 through 2004. Black beetles increased rapidly and peaked at 65% of their measurable potential abundance within 2 years (P < 0.05) following release and dominated all release plots throughout the study. Although population growth characteristics of black flea beetles were highly variable, the successful patterns in reducing the dominance of leafy spurge were fairly consistent. By 2004, foliar cover of leafy spurge on both release and nonrelease plots was significantly reduced compared to prerelease values. Foliar cover of grass and grasslike plants increased concomitantly with the reduction in leafy spurge dominance while cover of forbs on release and nonrelease plots remained consistently below noninfested values. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Cent Missouri State Univ, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Butler, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest & Grassland Res Lab, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jackbutler@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.2111/05-214R.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300002 ER PT J AU Wacker, SD Butler, JL AF Wacker, Stefanie D. Butler, Jack L. TI Potential impact of two Aphthona spp. on a native, nontarget Euphorhia species SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological separation; ecological risk; leafy spurge ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; LEAFY SPURGE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; ESULA; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; BIOCONTROL; THISTLE; RELEASE; WEEVIL AB Flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) are biological control agents introduced from Eurasia to reduce the cover and density of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). The potential for the introduced beetles to use alternate hosts for feeding and development in North America is slight; however, it is possible. Species at highest risk are native species closely related, ecologically and taxonomically, to leafy spurge. A native spurge, Euphorbia brachycera Engelm. is consubgeneric and sympatric with leafy spurge throughout the northern Great Plains of the United States, and was not included in prerelease host-specificity testing for Aphthona nigriscutis or Aphthona lacertosa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the actual and potential ecological overlap among leafy spurge, flea beetles, and E. brachycera. Wide-ranging and intensive field surveys indicate that E. brachycera is found well within the range of leafy spurge and flea beetles. E. brachycera occurs infrequently, in low densities, in areas with a high percentage of bare ground, and with a root system dissimilar to leafy spurge. Flea beetles released directly into populations of E. brachycera failed to persist beyond a single field season and plants showed no evidence of feeding by beetles. Our results suggest that the potential for flea beetles to host-shift is low due to differences in growth habit and root morphology between E. brachycera and leafy spurge. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Wacker, SD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1730 Samco Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM swacker@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 468 EP 474 DI 10.2111/05-210R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300004 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JS Sheley, RL Borkowski, JJ AF Jacobs, James S. Sheley, Roger L. Borkowski, John J. TI Integrated management of leafy spurge-infested rangeland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aphthona flea beetles; cattle; sheep; Eupborbia esula; multispecies grazing; successional weed management ID DEFOLIATION; SUCCESSION AB Leafy spurge is an invasive Eurasian weed on pastures and rangeland in North America where it reduces grass forage production. Our objective was to determine the effects of multispecies grazing combined with Aphthona flea beetles on leafy spurge-infested rangeland. On two western North Dakota sites divided into four 25- to 79-ha pastures, two grazing duration treatments were applied: season-long with 7 to 10 cow calf pairs and 20 to 25 sheep from late May through mid-September, and rotation with 18 to 21 cow calf pairs and 45 to 50 sheep for 3 weeks twice per year. Grazing treatments started in 1998 and continued through 2002. Aphthona spp. were released beginning in 1991 and were widespread in both pastures by 1998. Four grazing exclosures were randomly located in each pasture in the spring of 1998. Cover of leafy spurge, grass, and forbs, as well as density of vegetative and flowering leafy spurge stems were measured in July 1998 through 2002. Aphthona densities were counted July 1999 through 2002. Grazing initially increased leafy spurge vegetative stem density, but grazing decreased vegetative stem density from 104 in 1999 to 20 stems center dot m(-2) in 2002. Season-long grazing reduced vegetative stem density by over 30 stems center dot m(-2) compared to rotation grazing. Leafy spurge flowering stems decreased from 80 stems center dot m(-2) in 1998 to 4 stems center dot m(-2) in 2002 in all treatments. The decrease was more rapid when grazing was combined with Aphthona. Initially, Aphthona densities were greater in the grazed areas than the exclosures, but by 2002 more Aphthona were found in the exclosures than the grazed areas. Grazing reduced grass cover and increased forb cover. Results suggest combining multispecies grazing and Aphthona when restoring spurge-infested grasslands produces a synergistic effect. C1 NRCS, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Jacobs, JS (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim.jacobs@mt.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.2111/05-213R2.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300005 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Williams, AEP AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Williams, Amy E. Parker TI Detection of flowering leafy spurge with satellite multispectral imagery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eupborbia esula L.; invasive species; Landsat 7 ETM+; SPOT; hyperspectral imagery; AVIRIS; vegetation indices; SAIL canopy model; spectral libraries ID RANGELAND MANAGEMENT; EUPHORBIA-ESULA AB The distribution and abundance of flowering leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) can be determined with hyperspectral remote sensing, but the availability of hyperspectral sensors is limited. Hence, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and System Pour d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 4 imagery were acquired to test the ability of these sensors to detect leafy spurge. The green:red band ratio was the vegetation index with the highest correlations to flowering leafy spurge cover, but the correlations were weak and not useful for predictions. With Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, the green:red band ratio was also weakly correlated to flowering leafy spurge cover, although the output from a hyperspectral unmixing algorithm was highly correlated with cover using the same data, indicating simple indices have limited power for detecting leafy spurge. Canopy reflectance modeling using the Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL) model suggests the weak correlations were caused by variations in leaf area index. It is important to develop spectral libraries in order to use canopy reflectance simulation models that can reduce the time and effort of remote sensing analysis for detecting leafy spurge and other invasive weeds. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 Room 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 494 EP 499 DI 10.2111/05-216R.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300007 ER PT J AU Mladinich, CS Bustos, MR Stitt, S Root, R Brown, K Anderson, GL Hager, S AF Mladinich, Carol S. Bustos, Monica Ruiz Stitt, Susan Root, Ralph Brown, Karl Anderson, Gerald L. Hager, Steve TI The use of Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper plus for mapping leafy spurge SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Euphorbia esula L.; remote sensing; unsupervised classification; invasive species; Theodore Roosevelt National Park AB Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) is an invasive weed that is a major problem in much of the Upper Great Plains region, including parts of Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Infestations in North Dakota alone have had a serious economic impact, estimated at $87 million annually in 1991, to the state's wildlife, tourism, and agricultural economy. Leafy spurge degrades prairie and badland ecosystems by displacing native grasses and forbs. It is a major threat to protected ecosystems in many national parks, national wild lands, and state recreational areas in the region. This study explores the use of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat) imagery and derived products as a management tool for mapping leafy spurge in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in southwestern North Dakota. An unsupervised clustering approach was used to map leafy spurge classes and resulted in overall classification accuracies of approximately 63%. The uses of Landsat imagery did not provide the accuracy required for detailed mapping of small patches of the weed. However, it demonstrated the potential for mapping broad-scale (regional) leafy spurge occurrence. This paper offers recommendations on the suitability of Landsat imagery as a tool for use by resource managers to map and monitor leafy spurge populations over large areas. C1 US Geol Survey, RMGSC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Inst Geog Nacl Expanol, Madrid, Spain. US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Theodore Roosevelt Natl Pk, NPS, Medora, ND 58645 USA. RP Mladinich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, RMGSC, POB 25046 MS 516, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM csmladinich@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.2111/06-027R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300008 ER PT J AU Stitt, S Root, R Brown, K Hager, S Mladinich, C Anderson, GL Dudek, K Bustos, MR Kokaly, R AF Stitt, Susan Root, Ralph Brown, Karl Hager, Steve Mladinich, Carol Anderson, Gerald L. Dudek, Kathleen Bustos, Monica Ruiz Kokaly, Raymond TI Classification of leafy spurge with Earth Observing-1 Advanced Land Imager SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Euphorbia esula; invasive species; noxious weeds; remote sensing ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an invasive exotic plant that can completely displace native plant communities. Automated techniques for monitoring the location and extent of leafy spurge, especially if available on a seasonal basis, could add greatly to the effectiveness of control measures. As part of a larger study including multiple sensors, this study examines the utility of mapping the location and extent of leafy spurge in Theodore Roosevelt National Park using Earth Observing-1 satellite Advanced Land Imager (ALI) scanner data. An unsupervised classification methodology was used producing accuracies in the range of 59% to 66%. Existing field studies, with their associated limitations, were used for identifying class membership and accuracy assessment. This sensor could be useful for broad landscape scale mapping of leafy spurge, from which control measures could be based. C1 US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Theodore Roosevelt Natl Pk, Medora, ND 58645 USA. ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Spect Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stitt, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 516, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM susan_stitt@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.2111/06-052R1.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300009 ER PT J AU Marsett, RC Qi, JG Heilman, P Biedenbender, SH Watson, MC Amer, S Weltz, M Goodrich, D Marsett, R AF Marsett, Robert C. Qi, Jiaguo Heilman, Philip Biedenbender, Sharon H. Watson, M. Carolyn Amer, Saud Weltz, Mark Goodrich, David Marsett, Roseann TI Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; biomass; height; cover ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; DERIVATION; RANGELANDS; DYNAMICS; COVER; MODIS AB We surveyed a group of rangeland managers in the Southwest about vegetation monitoring needs on grassland. Based on their responses, the objective of the RANGES (Rangeland Analysis Utilizing Geospatial Information Science) project was defined to be the accurate conversion of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery) to quantitative estimates of total (green and senescent) standing cover and biomass on grasslands and semidesert grasslands. Although remote sensing has been used to estimate green vegetation cover, in arid grasslands herbaceous vegetation is senescent much of the year and is not detected by current remote sensing techniques. We developed a ground truth protocol compatible with both range management requirements and Landsat's 30 m resolution imagery. The resulting ground-truth data were then used to develop image processing algorithms that quantified total herbaceous vegetation cover, height, and biomass. Cover was calculated based on a newly developed Soil Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI), and height and biomass were estimated based on reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) band. Comparison of the remotely sensed estimates with independent ground measurements produced r(2) values of 0.80, 0.85, and 0.77 and Nash Sutcliffe values of 0.78, 0.70, and 0.77 for the cover, plant height, and biomass, respectively. The approach for estimating plant height and biomass did not work for sites where forbs comprised more than 30% of total vegetative cover. The ground reconnaissance protocol and image processing techniques together offer land managers accurate and timely methods for monitoring extensive grasslands. The time-consuming requirement to collect concurrent data in the field for each image implies a need to share the high fixed costs of processing an image across multiple users to reduce the costs for individual rangeland managers. C1 RANGES LLC, Tucson, AZ 85749 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Vista, AZ 85615 USA. Arizona Meteorol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USGS, Washington, DC 20005 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Geospatial Prod Div, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. RP Marsett, RC (reprint author), RANGES LLC, 5031 N Calle Tobosa, Tucson, AZ 85749 USA. EM rmarsett@comcast.net RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 29 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 530 EP 540 DI 10.2111/05-201R.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300012 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Rayson, GD Obeidat, SM Ralphs, M Estell, R Fredrickson, EL Parker, E Gray, P AF Anderson, Dean M. Rayson, Gary D. Obeidat, Safwan M. Ralphs, Michael Estell, Rick Fredrickson, Ed L. Parker, Eric Gray, Perry TI Use of fluorometry to differentiate among clipped species in the genera Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Pleuraphis SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; fluorescence spectroscopy; poisonous plants; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PLANT-LEAVES; LIF SPECTRA; SWAINSONINE; EMISSION; LOCOWEED; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATIONS; EXTRACTION; FECES AB A rapid and reproducible method to determine botanical composition of forage is an ecological and economic goal for range animal ecologists. Multidimensional fluorometry previously demonstrated the possibility of a unique optical approach for accurately determining species composition of clipped and digested plant materials. Fluorometry may be used to detect toxic plants in standing crop as well as diets by using electronic transitions in chemical structures at wavelengths between 370 and 580 nm. Grass hay (genus Pleuraphis) and 6 clipped forbs (4 species of Astragalus and 2 species of Oxytropis) were examined. The resulting spectral signatures were evaluated for differences in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This represents the first published data using chemometrics to differentiate among fluorophores from these plant extracts. It was possible to distinguish between the grass and forbs and among forbs. Further research will be required to evaluate these same plant species in mixed diets and fecal samples. C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM deanders@nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.2111/05-212R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300015 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Reeves, DW Patterson, MG AF Price, Andrew J. Reeves, D. Wayne Patterson, Michael G. TI Evaluation of weed control provided by three winter cereals in conservation-tillage soybean SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Avena strigosa Schreb.; cover crops; Secale cereale L.; Triticum aestivum L. ID COVER CROPS; NO-TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Information is needed on the role of cover crops as a weed control alternative due to the high adoption of conservation tillage in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Field experiments were conducted from fall 1994 through fall 1997 in Alabama to evaluate three winter cereal cover crops in a high-residue conservation-tillage, soybean production system. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow system. Three herbicide systems were utilized: no herbicide, a mixture of two pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides, or PRE plus post-emergence (POST) herbicides. The PRE system contained pendimethalin plus metribuzin. The PRE plus POST system contained pendimethalin plus a prepackage of metribuzin and chlorimuron ethyl applied PRE, followed by an additional chlorimuron ethyl POST application. No cover crop was effective in controlling weeds without a herbicide. However, when black oat or rye was utilized with only PRE herbicides, weed control was similar to the PRE plus POST input system. Thus, herbicide reductions may be attained by utilizing cover crops that provide weed suppression. Rye and black oat provided more effective weed control in the PRE only herbicide input system than wheat in conservation-tillage soybean. The winter fallow, PRE plus POST herbicide input system yielded significantly less soybean one out of three years when compared to systems that included a winter cover crop. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1079/RAF2005135 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 076QL UT WOS:000239972700003 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. TI Threshold concepts and their use in rangeland management and restoration: The good, the bad, and the insidious SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; exurban development; grazing; landscape ecology; rangeland health; state-and-transition models ID ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; TRANSITION MODELS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; STATE; ECOSYSTEMS; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; HEALTH AB Ecological thresholds describe abrupt changes in ecological properties in time or space. In rangeland management, thresholds reflect changes in vegetation and soils that are expensive or impossible to reverse. The threshold concept has catalyzed important advances in rangeland management thinking, but it has also introduced two classes of drawbacks. First, the ambiguity of the term "threshold'' and the desire for simplicity in its application has led to an overemphasis on classification thresholds, such as vegetation cover values. Uncritical use of classification thresholds may lead to the abandonment of management efforts in land areas that would otherwise benefit from intervention. Second, it is possible that the invocation of thresholds and irreversible degradation may eventually result in the wholesale conversion of land areas that would have been recoverable or served important societal functions, such as biodiversity maintenance, that are not reflected in threshold definitions. I conclude with a recommendation to clarify the nature of thresholds by defining the relationships among pattern, process, and degradation and distinguishing preventive thresholds from restoration thresholds. We must also broaden the attributes used to define states and thresholds. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, MSC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 40 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00140.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074EK UT WOS:000239795300001 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Sharitz, RR Singer, JH Barton, CD AF De Steven, Diane Sharitz, Rebecca R. Singer, Julian H. Barton, Christopher D. TI Testing a passive revegetation approach for restoring coastal plain depression wetlands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carolina bays; depression wetlands; drought effects; isolated wetlands; revegetation; seed banks; wetland restoration ID CAROLINA BAY WETLANDS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLANDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; SEED BANKS; VEGETATION; RESTORATION; DIVERSITY; USA AB Restoration of coastal plain depressions, a biologically significant and threatened wetland type of the southeastern United States, has received little systematic research. Within the context of an experimental project designed to evaluate several restoration approaches, we tested whether successful revegetation can be achieved by passive methods (recruitment from seed banks or seed dispersal) that allow for wetland "self-design" in response to hydrologic recovery. For 16 forested depressions that historically had been drained and altered, drainage ditches were plugged to reestablish natural ponding regimes, and the successional forest was harvested to open the sites and promote establishment of emergent wetland vegetation. We sampled seed bank and vegetation composition 1 year before restoration and monitored vegetation response for 3 years after. Following forest removal and ditch plugging, the restored wetlands quickly developed a dense cover of herbaceous plant species, of which roughly half were wetland species. Seed banks were a major source of wetland species for early revegetation. However, hydrologic recovery was slowed by a prolonged drought, which allowed nonwetland plant species to establish from seed banks and dispersal or to regrow after site harvest. Some nonwetland species were later suppressed by ponded conditions in the third year, but resprouting woody plants persisted and could alter the future trajectory of revegetation. Some characteristic wetland species were largely absent in the restored sites, indicating that passive methods may not fully replicate the composition of reference systems. Passive revegetation was partially successful, but regional droughts present inherent challenges to restoring depressional wetlands whose hydrologic regimes are strongly controlled by rainfall variability. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00153.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074EK UT WOS:000239795300014 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Key, N O'Donoghue, E AF Roberts, Michael J. Key, Nigel O'Donoghue, Erik TI Estimating the extent of moral hazard in crop insurance using administrative data SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Science-Association CY JAN 06-08, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc ID ADVERSE SELECTION; CHEMICAL USE C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00303.x PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 071TH UT WOS:000239624800014 ER PT J AU Schlenker, W Roberts, MJ AF Schlenker, Wolfram Roberts, Michael J. TI Nonlinear effects of weather on corn yields SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Science-Association CY JAN 06-08, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Schlenker, W (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 6 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00304.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 071TH UT WOS:000239624800015 ER PT J AU Roe, T Somwaru, A Diao, XS AF Roe, Terry Somwaru, Agapi Diao, Xinshen TI Globalization: Welfare distribution and costs among developed and developing countries SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Science-Association CY JAN 06-08, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc ID GROWTH; LIBERALIZATION C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Roe, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00305.x PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 071TH UT WOS:000239624800016 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Stofleth, JM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. Stofleth, John M. TI Large wood addition for aquatic habitat rehabilitation in an incised, sand-bed stream, Little Topashaw Creek, Mississippi SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; large woody debris; fish; erosion; sediment; physical habitat ID CHANNEL INCISION; FISH COMMUNITY; LOWLAND RIVERS; DEBRIS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; WATERSHEDS; PATTERNS; FAUNA AB Large wood (I-W) is a key component of stream habitats, and degraded streams often contain little wood relative to less-impacted ones. Habitat rehabilitation and erosion control techniques that emphasize addition of natural wood in the form of individual elements or structures are increasingly popular. However, the efficacy of wood addition, especially in physically unstable, warmwater systems is not well established. The effects of habitat rehabilitation of Little Topashaw Creek, a sinuous, sand-bed stream draining 37 km(2) in northwest Mississippi are described herein. The rehabilitation project consisted of placing 72 LW structures along eroding concave banks of a 2-km reach and planting 4000 willow cuttings in sandbars opposite or adjacent to the LW structures. Response was measured by monitoring flow, channel geometry, physical aquatic habitat and fish populations in treated and untreated reaches for 2 years before and 4 years after rehabilitation. Initially, LW structures reduced high flow velocities at concave bank toes. Progressive failure of the LW structures and renewed erosion began during the second year after rehabilitation, with only 64% of the structures and about 10% of the willow plantings surviving for 3 years. Accordingly, longterm changes in physical habitat attributable to rehabilitation were limited to an increase in LW density. Fish biomass increased in the treated reach, and species richness approximately doubled in all reaches after rehabilitation, suggesting the occurrence of some sort of stressful event prior to our study. Fish community composition shifted toward one typical of a lightly degraded reference site, but similar shifts occurred in the untreated reaches downstream, which had relatively high levels of naturally occurring LW. Large wood is a key component of sand-bed stream ecosystems, but LW addition for rehabilitation should be limited to sites with more stable beds and conditions that foster rapid woody plant colonization of sediment deposits. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Philip Williams & Assoc Ltd, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 803 EP 817 DI 10.1002/rra.937 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 083TS UT WOS:000240481700006 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, MJ Schelhas, JW Meola, C AF Pfeffer, Max J. Schelhas, John W. Meola, Catherine TI Environmental globalization, organizational form, and expected benefits from protected areas in Central America SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-PARK; COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION; PEOPLE; CONFLICT AB Environmental globalization has led to the implementation of conservation efforts like the creation of protected areas that often promote the interests of core countries in poorer regions. The creation of protected areas in poor areas frequently creates tensions between human needs like food and shelter and environmental conservation. Support for such conservation efforts partially depends on expectations of benefits by those impacted. This article considers the effects of different organizational models on local expectations of benefits to be derived from protected areas. Our analysis indicates that individuals are more likely to expect that benefits of the park go to other communities or the nation as a whole than to expect direct benefits for themselves. Forms of park organization also impact these expectations. Individuals exposed to the zoned park, as opposed to a conventional, strictly protected park, were more likely to expect benefits from the park regardless of the beneficiary considered. In addition, for those exposed to the zoned park, location of residence is related to expectation that individuals will benefit themselves. However, our interviews with park residents also indicate that the expectations of individual benefits are rarely met, creating potential dissatisfaction and sometimes animosity toward the park administration. C1 Cornell Univ, Dev Sociol Dept, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pfeffer, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dev Sociol Dept, Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mjp5@cornell.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI COLUMBIA PA 104 GENTRY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 71 IS 3 BP 429 EP 450 DI 10.1526/003601106778070662 PG 22 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 083HT UT WOS:000240447700003 ER PT J AU Tyler, BM Tripathy, S Zhang, XM Dehal, P Jiang, RHY Aerts, A Arredondo, FD Baxter, L Bensasson, D Beynon, JL Chapman, J Damasceno, CMB Dorrance, AE Dou, DL Dickerman, AW Dubchak, IL Garbelotto, M Gijzen, M Gordon, SG Govers, F Grunwald, NJ Huang, W Ivors, KL Jones, RW Kamoun, S Krampis, K Lamour, KH Lee, MK McDonald, WH Medina, M Meijer, HJG Nordberg, EK Maclean, DJ Ospina-Giraldo, MD Morris, PF Phuntumart, V Putnam, NH Rash, S Rose, JKC Sakihama, Y Salamov, AA Savidor, A Scheuring, CF Smith, BM Sobral, BWS Terry, A Torto-Alalibo, TA Win, J Xu, ZY Zhang, HB Grigoriev, IV Rokhsar, DS Boore, JL AF Tyler, Brett M. Tripathy, Sucheta Zhang, Xuemin Dehal, Paramvir Jiang, Rays H. Y. Aerts, Andrea Arredondo, Felipe D. Baxter, Laura Bensasson, Douda Beynon, Jim L. Chapman, Jarrod Damasceno, Cynthia M. B. Dorrance, Anne E. Dou, Daolong Dickerman, Allan W. Dubchak, Inna L. Garbelotto, Matteo Gijzen, Mark Gordon, Stuart G. Govers, Francine Grunwald, Niklaus J. Huang, Wayne Ivors, Kelly L. Jones, Richard W. Kamoun, Sophien Krampis, Konstantinos Lamour, Kurt H. Lee, Mi-Kyung McDonald, W. Hayes Medina, Monica Meijer, Harold J. G. Nordberg, Eric K. Maclean, Donald J. Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel D. Morris, Paul F. Phuntumart, Vipaporn Putnam, Nicholas H. Rash, Sam Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Sakihama, Yasuko Salamov, Asaf A. Savidor, Alon Scheuring, Chantel F. Smith, Brian M. Sobral, Bruno W. S. Terry, Astrid Torto-Alalibo, Trudy A. Win, Joe Xu, Zhanyou Zhang, Hongbin Grigoriev, Igor V. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EFFECTOR PROTEINS; DOWNY MILDEW; RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; AVIRULENCE; GENES; LOCUS; SOJAE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB Draft genome sequences have been determined for the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae and the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Oomycetes such as these Phytophthora species share the kingdom Stramenopila with photosynthetic algae such as diatoms, and the presence of many Phytophthora genes of probable phototroph origin supports a photosynthetic ancestry for the stramenopiles. Comparison of the two species' genomes reveals a rapid expansion and diversification of many protein families associated with plant infection such as hydrolases, ABC transporters, protein toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and, in particular, a superfamily of 700 proteins with similarity to known oomycete avirulence genes. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Hort Res Int, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, London SL5 7PY, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Wilkes Univ, Dept Biol, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43402 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Lab Ecol Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Tyler, BM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bmtyler@vt.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Win, Joe/H-2557-2014; Damasceno, Cynthia/C-3074-2008; Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016; Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; Gijzen, Mark/C-6284-2011; Sakihama, Yasuko/B-1047-2012; Meijer, Harold/G-5703-2012; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707; Tripathy, Sucheta/0000-0003-0611-8088; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Win, Joe/0000-0002-9851-2404; Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X; Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; Gijzen, Mark/0000-0002-3715-6389; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C509123/1] NR 30 TC 528 Z9 561 U1 8 U2 92 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5791 BP 1261 EP 1266 DI 10.1126/science.1128796 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 081JI UT WOS:000240313500033 PM 16946064 ER PT J AU Walters, C Reilley, AA Reeves, PA Baszczak, J Richards, CM AF Walters, Christina Reilley, Ann A. Reeves, Patrick A. Baszczak, Jennifer Richards, Christopher M. TI The utility of aged seeds in DNA banks SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DNA banks; genetic resources; ITS sequences; ribosomal DNA; rubisco; seed ageing; seed DNA stability ID ANCIENT DNA; HERBARIUM SPECIMENS; PCR AMPLIFICATION; PLANT SEEDS; MAIZE; DAMAGE; PRESERVATION; DEGRADATION; EXTRACTION; DIVERSITY AB The long-term utility of DNA banks is predicated on the stability of DNA during storage. The quality and yield of DNA extracted from seeds from four garden species, which varied in age from 1 to 135 years old, was used to examine the early stages of DNA degradation. Seeds that were 70 years old yielded high molecular weight DNA, which permitted amplification of a 650 bp segment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and a 487 bp segment of the plastid-encoded large subunit of rubisco (rbcL). DNA extracted from seeds estimated to be about 135 years old was degraded, but still permitted amplification when routine extraction procedures were used. The rbcL sequences obtained from c. 135-year-old cucurbit seed DNA were consistent with species identifications based on seed morphological features; however, ITS sequences from the same samples were determined to be of fungal origin. A comparison of our results with studies of DNA stability in leaf specimens suggested that DNA degraded within both tissues, but perhaps more slowly within seeds. Evidence that high-quality DNA can be extracted from old, non-viable seeds expands the utility of seed banks in preserving genetic resources. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Christina.Walters@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013; OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079; Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1079/ssr2006246 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 076RB UT WOS:000239974300002 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Astorga, JB Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL Molyneux, RJ AF Pfister, J. A. Astorga, J. B. Panter, K. E. Stegelmeier, B. L. Molyneux, R. J. TI Maternal ingestion of locoweed - I. Effects on ewe-lamb bonding and behaviour SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sheep; toxic plants; Oxytropis sericea; Swainsonine; neonate behaviour; Astragalus ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; MERINO SHEEP; FETAL; SWAINSONINE; PARTURITION; SURVIVAL; LESIONS; INTOXICATION; PATHOLOGY; LIVESTOCK AB This study investigated whether exposure of ewes to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea; Leguminosae) during gestation would affect ewe behaviour during parturition, ewe-lamb bonding and related behaviours postpartum, and maternal responsiveness of ewes to alien and own lambs. Twenty-nine nulliparous Columbia-Targhee ewes bearing a single fetus were divided into two feeding treatments: (1) locoweed (L, n= 15), fed as a 10% locoweed pellet at 3 kg/day from day 100 to 130 of gestation, or (2) controls (C, n = 14) fed 3 kg/day of alfalfa hay. Lamb birth weights were reduced about 25% (P < 0.001) from maternal locoweed ingestion. There was a distinct lack of maternal-infant bonding due to locoweed intoxication of lambs. Only I lamb born to L ewes was able to nurse without assistance within 120 min. Lambs born to L ewes took longer to stand (P < 0.05), to initiate teat-seeking behaviour (P < 0.03), and to suckle (P < 0.0007). The behavioural toxicosis did not persist in lambs, as behavioural anomalies largely disappeared within 10 days following parturition. Locoweed-intoxicated ewes in general had an increased propensity (P < 0.1) for locomotor activity, notably during fetal expulsion, and longer fetal expulsion times (P < 0.1). There were few behavioural differences induced by locoweed up to 30 min postpartum, when L ewes became inattentive to lambs (P < 0.1). After the first (human assisted) suckling bout, L ewes were attentive toward both their own and alien lambs. Both L and C dams were equally aggressive toward alien lambs. These results indicate that lamb survival after maternal locoweed exposure will depend greatly on human intervention. If locoweed-exposed lambs survive the first 24-48 h after birth, then the prognosis for survival improves greatly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Nacl Tecn Altiplano, Puno, Peru. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jpfister@cc.usu.edu NR 51 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.027 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 085BA UT WOS:000240576900008 ER PT J AU Astorga, JB Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL AF Astorga, J. B. Pfister, J. A. Stegelmeier, B. L. TI Maternal ingestion of locoweed - II. The ability of intoxicated ewes to discriminate their own lamb SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE toxic plants; sheep; maternal behavior; swainsonine; Oxytropis ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; SHEEP; RECOGNITION; LIVESTOCK; MOTHER; SWAINSONINE; LESIONS; YOUNG AB Consumption of locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) by sheep causes neurotoxicity, but specific behavioral effects have been given little attention. We examined the ability of ewes, exposed to locoweed during gestation and/or lactation, to discriminate their own from alien lambs. Ewes (n = 6 per treatment group) were fed a locoweed/alfalfa pellet during (1) gestation (day 100-130) (LC) but not during lactation; (2) lactation (day 10-50 postpartum) (CL) but not gestation; (3) both gestation and lactation (LL); controls (CC) were fed alfalfa hay. Ewe behavior was examined in a two-lamb choice test on postpartum days 20, 40, and 50 (days 10, 30, and 40 of locoweed feeding). Locoweed feeding increased (P < 0.05) serum AST activity and swainsonine concentration compared to controls, indicating moderate intoxication. Discrimination of lambs was not adversely affected by locoweed exposure. Locoweed intoxication during gestation decreased (P=0.06) ewe approach times to the first lamb, while locoweed exposure during lactation increased (P < 0.03) approach times to the first lamb. Ewes not receiving locoweed during lactation (CC, LC) were initially (postpartum day 20) slower to approach their own lambs, but on days 40 and 50 had faster approach times to their own lambs compared to CL and LL ewes. Intoxicated ewes displayed an apparent locoweed-induced hypersensitivity and nervousness; these lactating ewes spent a greater percentage of time with their lambs after contact than did controls on postpartum day 50. If clinical signs of toxicity are not severe, culling intoxicated ewes for behavioral reasons may not be warranted. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Nacl Tecn Altiplano, Puno, Peru. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jpfister@cc.usu.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.026 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 085BA UT WOS:000240576900009 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Davidson, TW Panter, KE Cheney, CD Molyneux, RJ AF Pfister, J. A. Davidson, T. W. Panter, K. E. Cheney, C. D. Molyneux, R. J. TI Maternal ingestion of locoweed - III. Effects on lamb behaviour at birth SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neonatal lamb behaviour; swainsonine; toxic plants; sheep; Oxytropis; Astragalus ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; NEONATAL LAMB; NEWBORN LAMBS; SHEEP; MOTHER; EWES; LESIONS; DISCRIMINATION; INTOXICATION; MOLLISSIMUS AB Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a toxic plant commonly found on rangelands in the western United States. The locoweed toxin is an indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine that causes neurological and systemic damage. The objective of this study was to determine if feeding of locoweed to pregnant ewes during days 100-130 of gestation would affect lamb behaviour shortly after birth. Twenty yearling nulliparous Columbia-Targhee ewes were divided into two treatment groups: loco ewes fed a 10% locoweed (O. sericea) pellet; control ewes were fed alfalfa pellets. Locoweed pellets contained 0.01 mg/g swainsonine with a mean consumption of 0.32 mg swainsonine (kg(-1) day(-1) ewe(-1)). Lambs from the two groups did not differ in birth weight (P = 0.35), primarily because four control ewes had live twins whereas loco ewes had only live singles. Loco lambs were slower (P < 0.01) in latency from birth to first successful standing event compared to control lambs (65 min versus 22 min, respectively). None of the loco lambs successfully nursed their dams up to 120 min post partum, whereas control lambs all sucked successfully at 35 min (P < 0.01). Loco lambs had slower (P < 0.01) times (x = 164 s versus 11 s, respectively) through a progressive maze on days 2, 4, and 6 compared to control lambs. Loco lambs were also much slower (P < 0.01) to reach their dams during a barrier test at 12 h post partum compared to controls (193 s versus 42 s, respectively). Control lambs discriminated their dams at 12 It post partum whereas most loco lambs did not. In this same test, control lambs spent a higher percentage (P = 0.03) of their time in close proximity to their dam (x = 53%) compared to loco lambs (x = 19%). Lambs exposed to locoweed in utero for 30 days were intoxicated at birth. Lambs born to loco ewes showed impairments in their behaviour and appeared to demonstrate a weakened maternal infant bonding. Loco lambs would not have survived at birth without human intervention to assist in nursing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Psychol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM jpfister@cc.usc.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.025 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 085BA UT WOS:000240576900010 ER PT J AU Knutson, HJ Carr, MA Branham, LA Scott, CB Callaway, TR AF Knutson, Haley J. Carr, Mandy A. Branham, Loree A. Scott, Cody B. Callaway, Todd R. TI Effects of activated charcoal on binding E-coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157 : H7; Salmonella typhimurium; sheep; activated charcoal ID SODIUM-CHLORATE; CARCASSES; CATTLE; ACID AB Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium have been implicated in food home illness caused by contaminated milk and meat products. Activated charcoal (AC) was used to adsorb E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in the sheep gastrointestinal tract. Ewes were infected with either E. coli O157:H7 or S. typhimurium and were dosed with 10mg/ml AC slurry. AC had no effect on binding either organism in the rumen, cecum and rectum. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Angelo State Univ, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), Angelo State Univ, ASU Stn 10888, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. EM mandy.carr@angelo.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.019 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 085BA UT WOS:000240576900013 ER PT J AU Brenkert-Smith, H Champ, PA Flores, N AF Brenkert-Smith, Hannah ] Champ, Patricia A. Flores, Nicholas TI Insights into wildfire mitigation decisions among wildland-urban interface residents SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuels treatment; homeowners; mitigation; wildfire risk; wildland urban; interface ID MANAGEMENT; FIRE AB In-depth interviews conducted with homeowners in five Colorado wildland-urban interface communities reveal that the homeowners face difficult decisions regarding the reduction of wildfire risk. Rather than seeing risk reduction as straightforward, homeowners appear to be involved in a complex decision-making process with social considerations. The interviews shed light on the social context in which homeowners make wildfire mitigation decisions, participants' perceptions of how the biophysical landscape near their residences affects mitigation, and participants' perceptions of wildfire mitigation options. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Dept Sociol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brenkert-Smith, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Dept Econ, UCB 483, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Hannah.Brenkert-Smith@Colorado.edu NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 8 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1080/08941920600801207 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 067NQ UT WOS:000239310300006 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K AF Cheng, Xiaomei Baumgartner, Kendra TI Effects of mycorrhizal roots and extraradical hyphae on N-15 uptake from vineyard cover crop litter and the soil microbial community SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizae; decomposition; hyphosphere; Medicago polymorpha; mycorrhizosphere; N uptake; PLFA; Vitis vinifera ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; ERICAE READ KORF; N-15-LABELED NITROGEN; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; LIVING ROOTS; PLANT-ROOTS; FUNGI; DECOMPOSITION AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae to N-15 uptake from vineyard cover crop litter (Medicago polymorpha), and to examine the soil microbial community under the influence of mycorrhizal roots and extraradical hyphae. Mycorrhizal grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were grown in specially designed containers, within which a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mesh core was inserted. Different sizes of mesh allowed mycorrhizal roots (mycorrhizosphere treatment) or extraradical hyphae (hyphosphere treatment) to access dual labeled N-15 and C-13 cover crop litter that was placed inside the cores after 4 months of grapevine growth. Mesh cores in the bulk soil treatment, which served as a negative control, had the same mesh size as the hyphosphere treatment, but frequent rotation prevented extraradical hyphae from accessing the litter. Grapevines and soils were harvested 0, 7, 14, and 28 days after addition of the cover crop litter and examined for the presence of N-15. Soil microbial biomass and the soil microbial community inside the mesh cores were examined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. N-15 concentrations in grapevines in the hyphosphere treatment were twice that of grapevines in the bulk soil treatment, suggesting that extraradical hyphae extending from mycorrhizal grapevine roots may have a role in nutrient utilization from decomposing vineyard cover crops in the field. Nonetheless, grapevines in the mycorrhizosphere treatment had the highest N-15 concentrations, thus highlighting the importance of a healthy grapevine root system in nutrient uptake. We detected similar peaks in soil microbial biomass in the mycorrhizosphere and hyphosphere treatments after addition of the litter, despite significantly lower microbial biomass in the hyphosphere treatment initially. Our results suggest that although grapevine roots play a dominant role in the uptake of nutrients from a decomposing cover crop, AM hyphae may have a more important role in maintaining soil microbial communities associated with nutrient cycling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 67 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2665 EP 2675 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.03.023 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 080TD UT WOS:000240270300018 ER PT J AU DeSutter, TM Sauer, TJ Parkin, TB AF DeSutter, Thomas M. Sauer, Thomas J. Parkin, Timothy B. TI Porous tubing for use in monitoring soil CO2 concentrations SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; soil carbon dioxide concentrations; expanded teflon tubing; silicone tubing; porous tubing; polyethylene tubing ID NITROUS-OXIDE; GRADIENT; FLUX AB The composition of the soil atmosphere is an indicator of biological processes, and soil CO2, gradients have been used to estimate CO2 efflux from the surface. Soil atmosphere samplers, constructed with gas-permeable materials, have been used to quantify soil CO2 concentrations. The type of material used can influence the perceived real-time concentrations of CO2 in the soil. Previous works have not directly compared different types of materials under the same conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the diffusion coefficient (D) and time of 95% equilibrium (t(eq)) of CO2 through several materials, and to evaluate the effect of long-term soil burial (183 days) on diffusion characteristics. Materials tested included silicone, expanded Teflon (ePTFE), and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) tubing. The D of each material was determined using a closed-loop system consisting of a CO2-enriched (7800 ppm) chamber, a CO2 analyzer and an inner tube (experimental tubing) placed inside the chamber. Air was re-circulated through the inner tube, and as CO2 diffused from the chamber into the tubing, the analyzer recorded the increase in concentration. The silicone tubes had values of D ranging from 8.64 to 5.80 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) with corresponding teq between 3.9 and 9.7 h. Diffusion coefficients of the ePTFE (1.25 x 10(-4) cm(2) s(-1)) and PE (7.70 x 10(-4) cm(2) s(-1)) materials were 2 orders of magnitude greater, with t(eq) < 6 min. Exposure to the soil environment for 183 days did not visibly deteriorate the materials or significantly affect the D or t(eq) values. Use of the ePTFE or PE materials, over the silicone materials, may allow for better characterization of dynamic CO2 concentrations in the soil based on the greater D and lesser t(eq) values of these materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP DeSutter, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM desutter@nstl.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2676 EP 2681 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.022 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 080TD UT WOS:000240270300019 ER PT J AU Abou-Shanab, RAI Angle, JS Chaney, RL AF Abou-Shanab, R. A. I. Angle, J. S. Chaney, R. L. TI Bacterial inoculants affecting nickel uptake by Alyssum murale from low, moderate and high Ni soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alyssum murale; bioavailability; phytoextraction; rhizobacteria; serpentine soils ID HEAVY-METALS; RESISTANT BACTERIA; POLLUTED SOILS; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; RHIZOSPHERE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; DECONTAMINATION; TOXICITY AB Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Alyssum murale have a remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate Ni from soils containing mostly insoluble Ni. We have shown some rhizobacteria increase the phytoavailability of Ni in soils, thus enhancing Ni accumulation by A. murale. Nine bacterial strains, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of A. murale grown in serpentine Ni-rich soil, were examined for their ability to solubilize Ni in different soils and for their effect on Ni uptake into Alyssum. Microbacterium oxydans AY509223; Rhizobium galegae AY509213; Microbacterium oxydans AY509219; Clavibacter xyli AY509236; Acidovorax avenue AY512827; Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum AY509225; M. oxydans AY509222; M. arabinogalactanolyticum AY509226 and M. oxydans AY509221 were added to low, moderate and high Ni-contaminated soils. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni extraction by 10 mM Sr(NO3)(2) from the high and medium soils and had no effect on Ni extraction from the low Ni soils. The other eight bacterial isolates significantly increased Ni extraction from all soils. There were no significant effects of bacterial inoculation on fresh and dry weight of A. murale shoots grown in the low and high Ni soils compared to an unamended control. M. oxydans AY509223 significantly increased Ni uptake of A. murale grown in the low, medium, and high soils by 36.1%, 39.3%, and 27.7%, respectively, compared with uninoculated seeds. M. oxydans AY509223 increased foliar Ni from the same soils from 82.9, 261.3 and 2829.3 mg kg(-1) to 129.7, 430.7, and 3914.3 mg kg(-1), respectively, compared with uninoculated controls. These results show that bacteria are important for Ni hyperaccumulation and could potentially be developed as an inoculum for enhancing uptake during commercial phytoremediation or phytomining of Ni. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, EMBUL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Abou-Shanab, RAI (reprint author), Mubarak City Sci Res, Environm Biotechnol Dept, Genet Engn & Biotechnol Res Inst, Alexandria, Egypt. EM redaabushanab@yahoo.com RI Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Research Institute /E-7221-2017; OI Abou-Shanab, Reda/0000-0002-3338-8094 NR 36 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2882 EP 2889 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.045 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 080TD UT WOS:000240270300040 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B Mays, MD AF Arriaga, Francisco J. Lowery, Birl Mays, M. Dewayne TI A fast method for determining soil particle size distribution using a laser instrument SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil particle size distribution; pipette method; light diffraction; soil texture ID DIFFRACTION; PIPETTE; SCATTERING AB The sieve-pipette is the standard method for determining soil particle size distribution (PSD) because it is precise and reproducible. However, this method requires considerable time. Light diffraction methods for determining PSD are fast, but there is no standard procedure and often, results do not agree precisely with the pipette. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and fast procedure for sample handling and treatment of light diffraction method. A commercially available laser-light diffraction instrument was used. Soil samples were loaded dry into the instrument for ease and speed. A combination of chemical and physical dispersion within the instrument was found to be convenient and effective. Time required to analyze a sample was at most 15 min. Reproducibility between different operators was good, with S.E. ranging from 0.2% to 3.6%. Furthermore, we attempted to identify optimal values for the real refractive index and imaginary refractive index used in the optical model for light diffraction. Values of 1.42 and 0.001 for real refractive index and imaginary refractive index, respectively, were found to give acceptable results when compared with the pipette method. The light diffraction method was not significantly different from the pipette method for sand (P = 0.084), silt (P = 0.743), and clay (P = 0.052). Correlation between the light diffraction and pipette method for sand, silt, and clay was acceptable (R-2 = 0.88, 0.80, and 0.69, respectively). The light diffraction technique does not have a perfect agreement with the pipette method, but it provides data rapidly and was reproducible. This method can be very valuable when a large number of samples need to be analyzed for relative comparisons between different sites. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. EM farriaga@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 663 EP 674 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228056.92839.88 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 087QU UT WOS:000240758000001 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stevens, BW Evans, RG AF Jabro, Jay D. Stevens, Bart W. Evans, Robert G. TI Spatial relationships among soil physical properties in a grass-alfalfa hay field SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial variability; precision farming; physical properties; cone index; bulk density; moisture content; geostatistics ID VARIABILITY AB Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil physical properties is important for site-specific soil management. The objectives of this study were to characterize the field-scale spatial variability of cone index (CI), soil bulk density (rho(b)), moisture content (theta(v)), and sand and clay contents in the A horizon of a Lihen sandy loamy soil (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll), and to describe the relationship among these soil physical properties. This study was conducted on a grassland site of approximately 4.75 ha that has been in rain-fed crested wheatgrass-alfalfa hay production for over 20 years. Soil bulk density was determined from samples collected using a core sampler, whereas CI was measured by inserting a digital penetrometer into the soil at three different locations within a 300-mm radius from where the rho(b) samples were extracted. The measurements were made on a 16 x 36-m grid sampling system, which created 72 individual grid cells. Soil properties were measured at the center of each grid cell at depths of 50 to 100 mm and 200 to 250 mm. Soil parameters were modeled as normally distributed random variables. Cone index at 50 to 100 mm and 200 to 250 mm. depths, rho(b), theta(v), and sand and clay contents exhibited medium to strong spatial dependence that was well described using either spherical or exponential models. The semivariogram for clay content shows a small range of spatial dependence and nearly zero nugget effect. Positive correlations indicated that direct relationships existed between rho(b) and CI (r = 0.57, P < 0.01) at 50 to 100 mm depth and between theta(v) and content of clay (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) in the soil. Spatial variability of soil physical properties was attributed to a combination of previous farming practices, vegetation history, erosion, and weather conditions. The degree of variability in soil physical properties was concluded to be of sufficient magnitude to influence the spatial distribution of crop yield, thus having considerable implications regarding the implementation of site-specific management practices. C1 ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. EM jjabro@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228044.87894.aa PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 087QU UT WOS:000240758000005 ER PT J AU Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ Wraith, JM AF Castiglione, P. Shouse, P. J. Wraith, J. M. TI Multiplexer-luduced interference on TDR measurements of electrical conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; PERMITTIVITY; LINES AB The possibility of automated multiple readings of water content and bulk soil electrical conductivity represents a major benefit in soil research, and is one of the most attractive characteristics of the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique. Coaxial multiplexers are commonly employed to monitor up to hundreds of TDR probes through computer or datalogger interface. We observed that the different probes connected to a common multiplexer or multiplexer network interfere with one another. This is due to the electronics of most multiplexers, where the different channels share a common ground, while only the central electrode is switched. The effects of the multiplexer-induced interference were investigated through tests in electrolyte solutions and in a loam soil at variable water content. We determined that the interference did not affect the signal travel time, and therefore the water content measurement, but resulted in appreciable errors in measured electrical conductivity. We also found that the interference results in a variation of the cell constant K-p, and the errors in conductivity measurements could be easily corrected by determining K-p in presence of interference. The magnitude of the interference appears to be independent of the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the interposing medium, while it is strongly dependent on the inter-probe spacing and probe geometry. C1 Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Castiglione, P (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM paoloc@montana.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1458 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0169 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800004 ER PT J AU Livingston, GP Hutchinson, GL Spartalian, K AF Livingston, Gerald P. Hutchinson, Gordon L. Spartalian, Kevork TI Trace gas emission in chambers: A non-steady-state diffusion model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL EVALUATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE; FLUX; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; VAPOR; FIELD AB Non-steady-state (NSS) chambers are widely used to measure trace gas emissions from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere. Unfortunately, traditional interpretations of time-dependent chamber concentrations often systematically underestimate predeployment exchange rates because they do not accurately represent the fundamental physics of diffusive soil gas transport that follows chamber deployment. To address this issue, we formally derived a time-dependent diffusion model applicable to NSS chamber observations and evaluated its performance using simulated chamber headspace CO2 concentration data generated by an independent, three-dimensional, numerical diffusion model. Using nonlinear regression to estimate the model parameters, we compared the performance of the non-steady-state diffusive flux estimator (NDFE) to that of the linear, quadratic, and steady-state diffusion models that are widely cited in the literature, determined its sensitivity to violation of the primary assumptions on which it is based, and addressed some of the practicalities of its application. In sharp contrast to the other models, NDFE proved an accurate and robust estimator of trace gas emissions across a wide range of soil, chamber design, and deployment scenarios. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05602 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05602 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Livingston, GP (reprint author), Altos Imaging, Hinesburg, VT 05461 USA. EM glivings@madriver.com NR 35 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 45 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1469 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0322 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800005 ER PT J AU Charles, S Teppen, BJ Li, H Laird, DA Boyd, SA AF Charles, Simone Teppen, Brian J. Li, Hui Laird, David A. Boyd, Stephen A. TI Exchangeable cation hydration properties strongly influence soil sorption of nitroaromatic compounds SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IONIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CLAY-MINERALS; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; SMECTITE CLAYS; ADSORPTION; WATER; MECHANISMS; PESTICIDES; EXPLOSIVES; POLLUTANTS AB Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are commonly found as soil contaminants in military training sites and manufacturing facilities, and may adversely affect human and ecosystem health. Exchangeable cation effects on p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) and 1,4-dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) sorption by the Webster (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) soil series A (WA) and B (WB) horizons were determined from batch sorption experiments. Smectite is the most abundant mineral in the horizons of this soil. Soil organic matter (SOM) removal increased p-NCB sorption to the WA and WB horizons by -1.5 times, and increased 1,4-DNB sorption to the A and B horizons by -1.2 to 2.2 times, respectively. Greater sorption of NACs by whole soils after SOM removal suggests that SOM suppresses p-NCB and 1,4-DNB sorption by soil mineral components. Clay (< 27-mu m fraction) removal decreased p-NCB sorption to the WA and WB horizons by similar to 8 and 11 times, respectively; clay removal decreased 1,4-DNB sorption to the WA and WB horizons by similar to 4.8 and 6.7 times, respectively. Nitroaromatic compound sorption to different soil fractions was measured to identify the independent effects of soil components and exchangeable cations on sorption. For this purpose, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) and 1,4-DNB sorption to two organic soils and a soil devoid of smectites, and p-NCB sorption to whole soil and the soil clay-sized fraction were determined. Exchangeable cation type was found to minimally affect sorption of 1,2,4-TCB, p-NCB, and 1,4-DNB by SOM. Sorption of p-NCB to homoionic soil clay-sized fractions was generally greater for clays saturated with monovalent cations than clays saturated with divalent cations. Greater p-NCB sorption followed ;decreases in cation hydration energy in the order Na+ < Li+< < K+ < Cs+ and Ca2+ < Ba2+ < Mg2+. Similar trends were observed for whole-soil samples exchanged with these cations. This indicates that differences in nitroaromatic sorption are due to exchangeable cation effects on the clay mineral fraction. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Boyd, SA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM boyds@msu.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; NR 32 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1479 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0245 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800006 ER PT J AU Grigera, MS Drijber, RA Eskridge, KM Wienhold, BJ AF Grigera, Maria S. Drijber, Rhae A. Eskridge, Kent M. Wienhold, Brian J. TI Soil microbial biomass relationships with organic matter fractions in a Nebraska corn field mapped using apparent electrical conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PLANT-MATERIAL; PARTICLE-SIZE; CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION; SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND; CLAY CONTENT; MANAGEMENT; DECOMPOSITION AB Soils exhibit spatial variability in their properties. One approach for delineating field-scale variability involves mapping the variation in apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physical and chemical soil characteristics that define ECa classification and the association of specific soil microbiological communities with these soil properties. In May 2003, ECa was measured in a field in Buffalo County, Nebraska, and processed to create four ECa zones based on ranges of horizontal and vertical ECa measurements using unsupervised classification. Soil properties (0-90 cm) that showed higher correlations with vertical ECa included total C (r = 0.87), clay (r = 0.83), total dissolved solids (r = 0.68), and depth of topsoil (r = 0.70). These properties influence soil water availability in this field. Soil microbial groups were correlated with different soil C fractions in the 0- to 15-cm depth and were similar across ECa zones. Bacterial (r = 0.85) and actinomycetes (r 0.71) biomarker concentrations were more highly correlated with fine particulate organic matter (POM) than coarse POM (bacteria r = 0.69 and actinomycetes r = 0.48). In contrast, fungal (r = 0.77) and mycorrhizal (r = 0.48) biomarker concentrations were correlated only with coarse POM. Given current knowledge of the spatial distribution of POM and aggregates, we hypothesize that microorganisms are also spatially distributed and that fungal groups are closely associated with coarse POM early in the growing season. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68506 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0331 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800007 ER PT J AU Mikha, MM Rice, CW Benjamin, JG AF Mikha, Maysson M. Rice, Charles W. Benjamin, Joseph G. TI Estimating soil mineralizable nitrogen under different management practices SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; CORN PRODUCTION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MANURE; TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; WATER AB Predicting in situ nitrogen (N) mineralization has been one of the greatest challenges to improving N management in agriculture. This study investigated the effect of tillage and residual N on soil N supplying capacity and evaluated the relationship between measured and estimated mineralizable N. The experiment was established in 1990 on a moderately well-drained Kennebec silt loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive mesic Cumulic Hapludoll) with continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The study was a split-split plot design replicated four times. The main plot treatment was tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), the subplot treatment was N source (manure and NH4NO3 fertilizer IF]), and the sub-subplot treatment was the length of residual period. Residual N was studied I yr after cessation of a 10-yr N application (R-1) and 6 yr after cessation of a 5-yr N application (R-6)- Measured in situ N mineralization (N-min), laboratory potentially mineralizable N (N-o), and estimated N mineralization under field conditions (N-estimated) were evaluated. Nitrogen mineralization was studied in situ in an unplanted, sheltered area. Samples were collected from 0- to 5-, 5- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm depths. No-tillage and manure significantly increased soil total N, N-min, and N-o. The combination of NT and manure significantly increased N. in both R-1 and R-6. High correlation was observed between N-min and N-estimated for 0 to 5 cm (r = 0.79) and for 0 to 30 cm (r = 0.77). No-tillage and manure sustained soil N 6 yr after discontinued N application. Potential mineralizable N, for site specific conditions could be used to estimate in situ N mineralization after adjustment to field conditions (soil water and temperature). C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 2004, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Mikha, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Maysoon.Mikha@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1522 EP 1531 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0253 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800011 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Emmerich, WE Goodrich, DC Miller, SN McChesney, DS AF Rhoton, F. E. Emmerich, W. E. Goodrich, D. C. Miller, S. N. McChesney, D. S. TI Soil geomorphological characteristics of a semiarid watershed: Influence on carbon distribution and transport SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION CHANGE; WALNUT-GULCH; EROSION; POSITION; ARIZONA; SEQUESTRATION; CULTIVATION; PATTERNS AB In the marginally productive rangelands of the semiarid, southwestern USA, the maintenance of organic C (OC) is essential to the stability of the ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify landscape factors responsible for the distribution of OC in watershed soils, its loss from upland areas and subsequent transport within the stream system of a large semiarid watershed (Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed [WGEW], Tombstone, AZ). Samples were collected along transects from the surface 5 cm of each major soil mapping unit in six subwater-sheds (SW). Data were recorded for slope class, landscape position, and aspect at each of the 435 sampling points. Soil analyses consisted of: total C and OC, particle-size distribution, water dispersible clay, pH, quantitative color, and aggregation index (AI). Sediment samples were collected from Humes at each SW outlet. These 169 bedload and 59 suspended sediment samples were analyzed identically to the soils. Soil data indicated that OC distributions in the SWs were related to parent material with significantly (p <= 0.05) greater contents recorded on the steeper slopes (> 9%), and backslope and toeslope positions. Fewer significant correlations were identified for aspect. Soil OC was significantly (p <= 0.01) correlated with silt and clay contents. Organic C contents of the soils and suspended sediments averaged 11.4 and 24.0 g kg(-1), respectively, giving an enrichment ratio (ER) for OC in the suspended sediments of 2.13. Bedload sediment was depleted in OC by an average ratio of 0.65 relative to the soils. The results suggest that OC is transported through this watershed predominantly as silt- and clay-size materials in concentrations controlled by the soil Al. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM frhoton@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1540 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0239 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800012 ER PT J AU Saxton, KE Rawls, WJ AF Saxton, K. E. Rawls, W. J. TI Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LIMITED DATA; RETENTION; PREDICT; MODELS; CARBON AB Hydrologic analyses often involve the evaluation of soil water infiltration, conductivity, storage, and plant-water relationships. To define the hydrologic soil water effects requires estimating soil water characteristics for water potential and hydraulic conductivity using soil variables such as texture, organic matter (OM), and structure. Field or laboratory measurements are difficult, costly, and often impractical for many hydrologic analyses. Statistical correlations between soil texture, soil water potential, and hydraulic conductivity can provide estimates sufficiently accurate for many analyses and decisions. This study developed new soil water characteristic equations from the currently available USDA soil database using only the readily available variables of soil texture and OM. These equations are similar to those previously reported by Saxton et al. but include more variables and application range. They were combined with previously reported relationships for tensions and conductivities and the effects of density, gravel, and salinity to form a comprehensive predictive system of soil water characteristics for agricultural water management and hydrologic analyses. Verification was performed using independent data sets for a wide range of soil textures. The predictive system was programmed for a graphical computerized model to provide easy application and rapid solutions and is available at http://hydrolab.arsusda. gov/soilwater/Index.htm. C1 Saxton Engn & Associates, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rawls, WJ (reprint author), Saxton Engn & Associates, 1250 SW Campus View, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM wrawls@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 41 TC 548 Z9 576 U1 36 U2 254 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1578 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0117 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800016 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Woodbury, BL Ferguson, RB AF Eigenberg, Roger A. Nienaber, John A. Woodbury, Bryan L. Ferguson, Richard B. TI Soil conductivity as a measure of soil and crop status - A four-year summary SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Animal manure can be an important resource providing soil available N for plant needs, but determining the nutrient availability resulting from such amendments is difficult. A study was conducted to examine changes in electromagnetic induction (EMI) soil conductivity and available N levels during four growing seasons in relation to manure or compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. With simultaneous soil samples, a series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using a global positioning system (GPS) and EMI methods. The Clay Center, NE, site was treated during a 10-yr period with a winter wheat (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop (+CC) and no-cover crop (-CC). The site was split for sub-treatments of manure and compost at rates matching either the P or the N requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). Differences between the +CC and -CC treatments for values of NO3-N and water-filled pore space (WFPS), as estimated by apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), were compared for each year. Differences in profile weighted soil conductivity explained 79.5, 98.0, 93.4, and 98.4% of the variability due to NO3-N differences, and only 20.5, 2.0, 6.6, and 1.6% of the variability due to WFPS differences for years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Sequential measurement of profile-weighted soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in plant-available soil N, as affected by animal manure and anhydrous ammonia fertilizer treatments during four corn growing seasons. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM eigenberg@email.marc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1611 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0069 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800019 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Smith, DR Applegate, TJ Thacker, PA AF Leytem, April B. Smith, D. R. Applegate, T. J. Thacker, P. A. TI The influence of manure phytic acid on phosphorus solubility in calcareous soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; POULTRY LITTER; RUNOFF LOSSES; AMENDED SOILS; TURKEY DIETS; PHYTASE; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY AB Manure characteristics can influence the potential for P transfer in runoff following land application of manures. This research assessed the influence of manure characteristics on P solubility in calcareous soils using manures from poultry (Gallus Domisticus) fed a variety of grain-based diets with the manures containing a range of total P (5.6-16.4 g P kg(-1)), water-extractable P (WEP, 0.9-4.7 g P kg(-1)), phytic acid P (0.1-7.6), total N/P ratios (2.6-5.1), and total C/P ratios (19.5-75.7). In addition, mono-ammonium phosphate fertilizer and reagent grade inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid [PA]), were included, as well as a control treatment with no P additions. Treatments were incorporated into two soils (Portneuf [Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids] and Millville [Coarse-silty, carbonatic, mesic Typic Haploxerolls]) at three rates (10, 20, and 40 mg P kg(-1)) and incubated for a total of 18 wk with subsamples taken at 2, 5, 9, and 18 wk. Soil samples were analyzed for inorganic and organic NaHCO3 (Olsen) extractable P and select soils were analyzed at 0 and 12 wk by P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for soil P characterization. The percentage of WEP and PA (of total P) in the manures were linearly related (r(2) = 0.94). Increases in Olsen P over time were positively related to the percentage of monoester P in the treatments. At 2 wk, there was a strong negative correlation between the amount of PA added in the treatments and increases in Olsen P. However, by 18 wk, Olsen P was more closely related to the amount of C or N added with the treatments. Changes in PA content of manures due to dietary modification may influence P sorption on calcareous soils in the short-term while other characteristics such as C/P ratio may exert a stronger influence over changes in soil test P over longer time periods. C1 USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3793N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov OI Applegate, Todd/0000-0002-2406-5058 NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1638 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800022 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Ohno, T Cade-Menun, BJ Erich, MS Honeycutt, CW AF He, Zhongqi Ohno, Tsutomu Cade-Menun, Barbara J. Erich, M. Susan Honeycutt, C. Wayne TI Spectral and chemical characterization of phosphates associated with humic substances SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS; SOIL SOLUTION; LAKE WATER; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS AB Because humic substances are involved in many processes in soils and natural waters, characterization of phosphorus (P) associated with humic substances may shed light on the function of natural organic matter in P cycling and nutrition. In this study, we investigated the spectral features and potential availability of P in the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS) Elliott Soil humic acid standard (EHa), Elliott soil fulvic acid standard II (EFa), Waskish peat humic acid reference (WHa), and Waskish peat fulvic acid reference (WFa) by fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 3-phytase incubation, and UV irradiation. We observed more similar spectral features between EHa and EFa as well as between WHa and WFa than between the two humic acids or two fulvic acids themselves. Phosphorus in WHa and WFa was mainly present in the orthophosphate form. However, only about 5% was water soluble. After treatment by both UV irradiation and enzymatic hydrolysis, soluble orthophosphate increased to 17% of the P in WHa, and 10% of the P in WFa. Thus, it appears that a large portion of P in Waskish peat humic substances was not labile for plant uptake. On the other hand, both orthophosphate and organic phosphate were present in EHa and EFa. Treatment by both UV irradiation and enzymatic hydrolysis increased soluble orthophosphate to 67% of the P in EHa and 52% of the P in EFa, indicating that more P in Elliott soil humic substances was potentially bioavailable. Our results demonstrated that source (soil vs. peat) was a more important factor than organic matter fraction (humic acid vs. fulvic acid) with respect to the forms and lability of P in these humic substances. This work represents a much more complete characterization of humic substance-bound P than previously reported in the literature, thus providing a comprehensive approach for improved understanding of P cycling in relation to ecosystem function. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Stanford Univ, Geol & Environ Sci Dept, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013; Cade-Menun, Barbara/0000-0003-4391-3718 NR 60 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 44 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1741 EP 1751 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0030 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800032 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Baker, JM Dolan, MS Spokas, KA AF Venterea, Rodney T. Baker, John M. Dolan, Michael S. Spokas, Kurt A. TI Carbon and nitrogen storage are greater under biennial tillage in a Minnesota corn-soybean rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; SEQUESTRATION RATES; SHORT-TERM; MATTER; MANAGEMENT; RESPIRATION; RESIDUE AB Few studies have examined the impacts of rotational tillage regimes on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). We measured the C and N content of soils managed under corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation following 10 and 15 yr of treatments. A conventional tillage (CT) regime employing moldboard and chisel plowing in alternate years was compared with both continuous no-till (NT) and biennial tillage (BT), which employed chisel plowing before soybean only. While masses of C and N in the upper 0.3 m under both BT and NT were higher than CT, only the BT treatment differed from CT when the entire sampled depth (0.6 m) was considered. Decreased C inputs, as indicated by reduced grain yields, may have limited C storage in the NT system. Thus, while more C was apparently retained under NT per unit of C input, some tillage appears necessary in this climate and cropping system to maximize C storage. Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes under NT were greater than CT during a drier than normal year, suggesting that C storage may also be partly constrained under NT due to wetter conditions that promote increased soil respiration. Increased temperature sensitivity of soil respiration with increasing soil moisture was also observed. These findings indicate that long-term biennial chisel plowing for corn-soybean in the upper mid-west USA can enhance C storage, reduce tillage-related fuel costs, and maintain yields compared with more intensive annual tillage. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venterea@umn.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1752 EP 1762 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0010 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800033 ER PT J AU Favaretto, N Norton, LD Joern, BC Brouder, SM AF Favaretto, N. Norton, L. D. Joern, B. C. Brouder, S. M. TI Gypsum amendment and exchangeable calcium and magnesium affecting phosphorus and nitrogen in runoff SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; WATER INFILTRATION; SOIL AMENDMENTS; EROSION; EUTROPHICATION; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; ULTISOLS AB Loss of N and P from soil to water is not only an agronomic but also an environmental and human health problem. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gypsum amendment and soil-exchangeable Ca and Mg on the concentration and loss of nutrients in runoff, sediment, and soil. The experiment was performed in the laboratory using a programmable rainfall simulator and erosion pans. The soil was a Miami silt loam, and treatments were (i) gypsum amendment, (ii) five target exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios, and (iii) a control. Nitrogen, P, and K were applied in all treatments based on soil test results and standard recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.). The fertilizers were mixed to a 2.5-cm depth before pre-wetting the soil. Gypsum was applied to the surface just before the rain. Two rainfall intensities (30 and 60 man h(-1)) were simulated, and infiltrated water and runoff samples were taken every 5 min over 2 h. Nitrate N, NH4-N, and P in runoff, sediment, and soil were determined. The results showed that gypsum, as compared with the control, significantly decreased the mass loss in runoff of dissolved reactive P (DRP), total P (TP), soluble NH4-N, and total N by 85, 60, 80, and 59%, respectively. The concentration of these constituents was also significantly decreased by 83, 52, 79, and 50%, respectively. Nitrate N concentration in runoff was not decreased by gypsum. Gypsum also affected sediment and soil water-extractable F. The only significant effect of exchangeable Ca/Mg ratios was observed in the sediment water-extractable P, where Ca-treated soil decreased by 50% the concentration of P compared with Mg-treated soil. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of gypsum to decrease transport of total N and total P in runoff and the importance of Ca in the soil solution to decrease P solubility. C1 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Favaretto, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Solos & Engn Agr, Rua Funcionarios 1540, BR-80035050 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM nfavaretto@ufpr.br RI Favaretto, Nerilde/B-3571-2015 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1796 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0228 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 086IK UT WOS:000240666800036 ER PT J AU Dolan, MS Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Baker, JM Molina, JAE AF Dolan, MS Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Baker, JM Molina, JAE TI Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a Minnesota soil as related to tillage, residue and nitrogen management SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; nitrogen; tillage; residue management ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CROP-ROTATION; SEQUESTRATION; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; C-13 AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are directly influenced by tillage, residue return and N fertilization management practices. Soil samples for SOC and N analyses, obtained from a 23-year field experiment, provided an assessment of near-equilibrium SOC and N conditions. Crops included corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max L. (Merrill)]. Treatments of conventional and conservation tillage, residue stover (returned or harvested) and two N fertilization rates were imposed on a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) at Rosemount, MN. The surface (020 cm) soils with no-tillage (NT) had greater than 30% more SOC and N than moldboard plow (MB) and chisel plow (CH) tillage treatments. The trend was reversed at 20-25 cm soil depths, where significantly more SOC and N were found in MB treatments (26 and 1.5 Mg SOC and N ha(-1), respectively) than with NT (13 and 1.2 Mg SOC and N ha(-1), respectively), possibly due to residues buried by inversion. The summation of soil SOC over depth to 50 cm did not vary among tillage treatments: N by summation was higher in NT than MB treatments. Returned residue plots generally stored more SOC and N than in plots where residue was harvested. Nitrogen fertilization generally did not influence SOC or N at most soil depths. These results have significant implications on how specific management practices maximize SOC storage and minimize potential N losses. Our results further suggest different sampling protocols may lead to different and confusing conclusions regarding the impact of tillage systems on C sequestration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dolan, MS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mdolan@umn.edu OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 28 TC 155 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 057YH UT WOS:000238630600009 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF Maurer, J AF Henneberry, T. J. Jech, L. Forlow Maurer, J. TI Effects of pink bollworm larval feeding on 'NuCOTN 33b (R)' cotton bolls and pollen and tolerance to Cry1Ac toxin in artificial diet bioassays SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSGENIC COTTON; RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; PROTEIN; INHERITANCE; MORTALITY; GENETICS; TIME AB Transgenic cottons (Bt), Gossypium hirsutum L., have been grown commercially in Arizona since 1996. We conducted laboratory studies from 2001 to 2005 to determine the effect of pink bollworm (PBW), a Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), larval feeding periods on 'NuCOTN 33B (R) bolls on development, mortality, pupation, and tolerance to the Cry1Ac toxin. Initially, higher larval mortality occurred and more days were required for pupal development following four or seven day feeding periods on NuCOTN 33B (R) bolls compared with similar feeding periods on 'Delta and Pineland (DPL) 5415' non-toxin containing bolls. Mortality and larval development time decreased as the number of larval feeding generations increased suggesting adaptation to the toxin in bolls. Some larvae of a PBW strain [BG (R)(4)] developed by feeding for 35 of 40 generations for four days in each generation on NuCOTN 33 1 Be bolls survived to larval maturity on NuCOTN 33B (R) pollen for 20 days or on 10 mu g/ml Cry1Ac-fortified artificial diets for 21 days. No survival of BG(4) strain larvae occurred on NuCOTN 33B (R) bolls for more than seven days. The 10 mu g/ml Cry1Ac: concentration in artificial diet has been determined as the discriminating dose for PBW resistance in the laboratory. No larvae of a DPL 5415 PBW control or a BG (R)(7) strain developed to maturity when feeding on NuCOTN 33B (R) pollen, bolls, or Cry1Ac-fortified diets. Moth emergence from the BG (R)(4) strain surviving pupae from larvae on 10 mu g/ml Cry1Ac diet ranged from 42 to 100%, mating of emerged adults occurred and egg hatch averaged 67%, but oviposition was reduced. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 169 EP 185 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 096SQ UT WOS:000241397500001 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Chen, TY Ciomperlik, MA Fitzgerald, G Hefner, B Alexander, PJ Clarke, T Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, Chang-Chi Chen, Tian-Ye Ciomperlik, Matthew A. Fitzgerald, Glenn Hefner, Barbara Alexander, Patrick J. Clarke, Tom Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Improvement of CC traps for catching Frankliniella occidentalis SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER; STICKY TRAPS; THYSANOPTERA; COLOR; PREFERENCE; HEIGHT; CROPS AB Variable numbers of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were attracted in a cotton field to sticky cards reflecting different wavelengths of blue color light. The highest numbers were captured on blue sticky cards reflecting 458 nm compared with 446 nm and 444 nm wavelength light reflectances. WFT catches were improved in CC traps by putting pieces of Hot Shot (R) No-Pest Strips (dichlorvos) in blue base trap tops as killing agents. The increased catches occurred because of higher thrips mortality and retention in traps as opposed to increased trap attractiveness. Catches were higher for the modified commercial dichlorvos dispenser traps with vertical blue stripe modifications (Blue-D) compared with blue base CC traps with dichlorvos cubes. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,PDDML, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 096SQ UT WOS:000241397500003 ER PT J AU Bancroft, JS AF Bancroft, J. S. TI Comparison of two species of aphids (Hemiptera : Aphididae) on nine host plants using age specific fecundity and survival SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPII GLOVER HOM.; COTTON APHID; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POPULATION-GROWTH; INTRINSIC RATE; LIFE-HISTORY; GREEN PEACH; SUGAR BEET; HOMOPTERA AB This study characterized nine host plants for age-specific fecundity and survival by two aphid species. The ability of host-plants to provide refugia for cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is important for the colonization of summer infestations on commercial crops. Fecundity was measured on detached leaves in petri dishes held in an incubator under controlled light, temperature, and humidity. The cotton aphid had greatest intrinsic rate of increase on bean, kenaf, and shepherd's purse. The green peach aphid had greatest intrinsic rate of increase on shepherd's purse, fiddleneck, pepper, and malva. Pepper was a poor host for cotton aphid, while cotton was a poor host for green peach aphid, and Powell's amaranth was a poor host for both aphid species. Variations in the ranking patterns of host plants among fecundity, survival, and intrinsic rate of increase are compared with other aphid life-table studies. C1 USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Bancroft, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 12053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 096SQ UT WOS:000241397500006 ER PT J AU Hass, CG Tang, SX Leonard, S Traber, MG Miller, JF Knapp, SJ AF Hass, Catherine G. Tang, Shunxue Leonard, Scott Traber, Maret G. Miller, Jerry F. Knapp, Steven J. TI Three non-allelic epistatically interacting methyltransferase mutations produce novel tocopherol (vitamin E) profiles in sunflower SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAIZE WAXY GENE; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLANTS; GENOME; REGISTRATION; ANTIOXIDANT; INSERTION AB Wildtype sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds are a rich source of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). The g = Tph (2) mutation disrupts the synthesis of alpha-tocopherol, enhances the synthesis of gamma-tocopherol, and was predicted to knock out a gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-TMT) necessary for the synthesis of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower seeds-wildtype (g(+) g(+)) lines accumulated > 90% alpha-tocopherol, whereas mutant (g g) lines accumulated > 90% gamma-tocopherol. We identified and isolated two gamma-TMT paralogs (gamma-TMT-1 and gamma-TMT-2). Both mapped to linkage group 8, cosegregated with the g locus, and were transcribed in developing seeds of wildtype lines. The g mutation greatly decreased gamma-TMT-1 transcription, caused alternative splicing of gamma-TMT-1, disrupted gamma-TMT-2 transcription, and knocked out one of two transcription initiation sites identified in the wildtype; gamma-TMT transcription was 36 to 51-fold greater in developing seeds of wildtype (g(+) g(+)) than mutant (g g) lines. F-2 populations (B109 x LG24 and R112 x LG24) developed for mapping the g locus segregated for a previously unidentified locus (d). B109, R112, and LG24 were homozygous for a null mutation (m = Tph (1)) in MT-1, one of two 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone/2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase (MPBQ/MSBQ-MT) paralogs identified in sunflower. The d mutations segregating in B109 x LG24 and R112 x LG24 were allelic to a cryptic mutation identified in the other MPBQ/MSBQ-MT paralog (MT-2) and disrupted the synthesis of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in F-2 progeny carrying m or g mutations-m m g(+) g(+) d d homozygotes accumulated 41.5% alpha- and 58.5% beta-T, whereas m m g g d d homozygotes accumulated 58.1% gamma- and 41.9% delta-T. MT-2 cosegregated with d and mapped to linkage group 4. Hence, novel tocopherol profiles are produced in sunflower seed oil by three non-allelic epistatically interacting methyltransferase mutations. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Knapp, SJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, 111 Riverband Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sjknapp@uga.edu OI Traber, Maret/0000-0002-2892-4024 NR 65 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 113 IS 5 BP 767 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0320-4 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 076LD UT WOS:000239958400001 PM 16896719 ER PT J AU Krakowsky, MD Lee, M Garay, L Woodman-Clikeman, W Long, MJ Sharopova, N Frame, B Wang, K AF Krakowsky, M. D. Lee, M. Garay, L. Woodman-Clikeman, W. Long, M. J. Sharopova, N. Frame, B. Wang, K. TI Quantitative trait loci for callus initiation and totipotency in maize (Zea mays L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ANTHER CULTURE RESPONSE; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; RFLP ANALYSIS; GRAIN-YIELD; PLANT-REGENERATION; GENERATIONS; QTL; ANDROGENESIS; IMPROVEMENT AB Induction of embryogenic callus in culture is an important step in plant transformation procedures, but response is genotype specific and the genetics of the trait are not well understood. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped in a set of 126 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of inbred H99 (high Type I callus response) by inbred Mo17 (low Type I callus response) that were evaluated over two years for Type I callus response. QTL were observed in a total of eleven bins on eight chromosomes, including eight QTL with main effects and three epistatic interactions. Many of the QTL were mapped to the same or bordering chromosomal bins as candidate genes for abscisic acid metabolism, indicating a possible role for the hormone in the induction of embryogenic callus, as has previously been indicated in microspore embryo induction. Further examinations of allelic variability for known candidate genes located near the observed QTL could be useful for expanding the understanding of the genetic basis of induction embryogenic callus. The QTL observed herein could also be used in a marker assisted selection (MAS) program to improve the response of agronomically useful inbreds, but only if the resources required for MAS are lower than those required for phenotypic selection. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Krakowsky, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM mkrakowsky@tifton.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 113 IS 5 BP 821 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0334-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 076LD UT WOS:000239958400005 PM 16896717 ER PT J AU Noirault, J Brillard, JP Bakst, MR AF Noirault, Jerome Brillard, Jean-Pierre Bakst, Murray R. TI Effect of various photoperiods on testicular weight, weekly sperm output and plasma levels of LH and testosterone over the reproductive season in male turkeys SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoperiod; spermatogenesis; LH; testosterone; turkey ID DAILY LIGHT PERIODS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SEMEN PRODUCTION; DOMESTIC TURKEYS; GONADOTROPIN CONCENTRATIONS; FERTILIZING CAPACITY; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; BREEDING CYCLES; GONADAL GROWTH; MALE CHICKENS AB The effects of duration and variation in photoperiod on testis weight, testicular sperm production, semen output, and hormone status over the reproductive season in male turkeys were investigated. In Experiment 1, four groups of males raised from 17 to 23 wk of age under a constant short photoperiod were subjected to a constant short (Group 1: 7L: 17D; Group 2: 10.5L: 13.5D), constant long (Group 3: 14L: 10D) or progressively increasing photoperiod (Group 4: 7L: 17D to 14L: 10D) up to 60 wk of age. In Experiment 2, four groups of males first raised as in Experiment 1 up to 23 wk of age were placed under a constant short (Group 5: 10.5L: 13.5D), constant long (Group 6: 14L:10D), or night-interrupted photoperiod (Group 7: 6L:2.5D:1L:14.5D, referred to as subjective 9.5L:14.5D; Group 8: 6L:3.5D:1L:13.5D), refer-red to as subjective 10.5L:13.5D) up to 60 wk of age. Males in Groups 2-4 had similar reproductive characteristics, whereas sexual maturity was delayed from 29 to 49 wk in males from Group 1. In Experiment 2, males in Groups 5 and 8 had similar reproductive characteristics, whereas sexual maturity was delayed in males in Group 7 in a manner similar to that observed in Group 1. In both experiments, plasma LH and testosterone concentrations were poor indicators of testis development and semen production, irrespective of age and photoperiod. We conclude that a moderately short photoperiod such as 10.5L: 13.5D or subjective 10.5L: 13.5D may stimulate reproductive characteristics of male turkeys in a manner comparable to constant long or increasing photoperiods. We inferred the existence of a threshold of photosensitivity in male turkeys for photoperiods longer than 9.5L: 14.5D, but shorter than or equal to 10.5L: 13.5D. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brillard, JP (reprint author), INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. EM brillard@tours.inra.fr NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 851 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.025 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077TG UT WOS:000240052600017 PM 16563486 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, W. H. TI The effect of rainfall on the abundance of tarnished plant bug nymphs [Lygus lineolaris (Palisot)] in alfalfa fields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERISTENUS-DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BRACONIDAE; HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; PARASITE AB During it 13-year field Study in northwestern New Jersey, total May-June rainfall ranged from 6.5 to 10.7 inches (165-272mm).The highest rainfall reduced first generation nymphs of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) (Miridae), in alfalfa by 50%. This reduction was likely mechanical (raindrops knocking the minds off the plants) rather than biotic, because infections by nematodes and a fungus disease were not significantly increased. The rainfall-reduced mirid populations also had less mortality by the introduced parasite Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Braconidae), probably a result of the lower host density (density dependence). Conversely, in low-rainfall years there were more tarnished plant bugs, and parasitism rates were doubled, so the two mortality factors were complimentary. C1 USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM William.Day@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD SEP-DEC PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 137HG UT WOS:000244283100013 ER PT J AU Whiteley, AR Spruell, P Rieman, BE Allendorf, FW AF Whiteley, Andrew R. Spruell, Paul Rieman, Bruce E. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Fine-scale genetic structure of bull trout at the southern limit of their distribution SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-TRUTTA L.; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NORTH-AMERICA; DNA VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; LANDSCAPE AB We used six polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyze the population genetic structure of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in the Boise River, Idaho, and we compared our results with previous data from similarly sized river systems in western North America. Within the Boise River, we found low genetic variation within and significant differentiation among sample sites. Two cohesive groups of populations were associated with the two major subbasins in this system, which we attributed to long-term reduction of gene flow or distinct sources of colonization at this scale. We observed a significant pattern of isolation by distance in one subbasin and not in the other; this result suggests that the relative influences of gene flow and drift have differed between the two subbasins. Ecologically defined patches of suitable habitat were not good predictors of genetic variation among samples. Dams and other anthropogenic barriers have recently changed the potential for gene flow and genetic drift but were not associated with the major boundaries of genetic differentiation. There was some evidence of lost genetic variation in smaller patches that were physically isolated by both natural and anthropogenic barriers. We found a large range of within-population genetic variation and among-population genetic differentiation for bull trout from river basins across the species' range, but our estimates in the Boise River were the lowest (or among the lowest) observed. The relative roles of drift and gene flow appear to vary strongly at both fine and broad spatial scales. We cannot presume that the physical and ecological processes influencing the genetic population structure of bull trout in one region will accurately reflect those in another region; this may have important implications for conservation and management actions. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Spruell, P (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM paul.spruell@umontana.edu NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1238 EP 1253 DI 10.1577/T05-166.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101DF UT WOS:000241718400010 ER PT J AU Flebbe, PA Roghair, LD Bruggink, JL AF Flebbe, Patricia A. Roghair, Laura D. Bruggink, Jennifer L. TI Spatial Modeling to project southern Appalachian trout distribution in a warmer climate SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; POTENTIAL HABITAT LOSS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; FISH-HABITAT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REGRESSION QUANTILES; AIR TEMPERATURES; FOOD LIMITATION AB In the southern Appalachian Mountains, the distributions of native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta are presently limited by temperature and are expected to be limited further by a warmer climate. To estimate trout habitat in a future, warmer climate, we produced a regional map of wild trout habitat based on information from stream samples, expert knowledge, and suitable land cover. We then developed a quantile regression model of the elevation-latitude boundary for the present distribution of trout; this constitutes a more direct, spatially explicit approach to modeling trout distribution than the use of thermal limits. In combination with a lapse rate model, the boundary model was used to project future wild trout distributions over a range of higher temperatures. If the predictions of the Hadley Centre global circulation model (GCM) are assumed, about 53% of trout habitat would be lost; if the more extreme Canadian Centre GCM is used, 97% would be lost. With increasing temperature, fragmentation would increase, leaving populations in small, isolated patches vulnerable to extirpation because of the decreased likelihood of recolonization. The regional trout habitat map and the models produced here were useful for making these predictions, and the map could be used for assessing the impacts of other regional stressors. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Flebbe, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM pflebbe@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1382 DI 10.1577/T05-217.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101DF UT WOS:000241718400019 ER PT J AU Muck, RE Holmes, BJ AF Muck, R. E. Holmes, B. J. TI Bag silo densities and losses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE alfalfa; bag silo; corn; density; losses; silage; silo bag AB Bag silos made at three research farms in 2000 and 2001 were monitored at filling and emptying to determine densities and losses. A total of 47 bags (23 alfalfa, 1 red clover, 23 whole-plant corn) were made, and losses were calculated on 39 of the silos. Dry matter (DM) density ranged from 160 to 270 kg/m(3). Dry matter density increased with DM content in hay crop silages on average 2.9 kg/m(3)-% DM, whereas the effect in corn silage varied by bagging machine. Density decreased with increasing particle size at 4.1 kg DM/m(3) per mm. The operator and the bagging machine setup both affected density. A wide range (0% to 40%) of DM losses was observed. Average DM losses were 9.2% invisible plus uncollected losses and 5.4% spoilage losses, for a total loss of 14.6%. Six silos had excessive spoilage losses of more than 15% and total losses above 25% due to plastic integrity issues or overly dry silage (> 40% DM) being fed out in warm weather Invisible losses were reduced in high-porosity silages (where spoilage losses were exacerbated), greater in warm weather, and affected by emptying procedures. Spoilage losses in bags without plastic integrity issues were greater in dry silages, from emptying silos in warm weather, at lower feed-out rates, in bags stored for a long time, and if bags were emptied periodically rather than daily. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Muck, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM remuck@wisc.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500001 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Brazee, RD Derksen, RC Fox, RD Krause, CR Ozkan, HE Losely, K AF Zhu, H. Brazee, R. D. Derksen, R. C. Fox, R. D. Krause, C. R. Ozkan, H. E. Losely, K. TI A specially designed air-assisted sprayer to improve spray penetration and air jet velocity distribution inside dense nursery crops SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE dynamic air velocity; new sprayer; nursery production; pesticide; spray deposition AB New sprayers are needed to deliver droplets uniformly within dense nursery crops to obtain healthy and marketable plants in the nursery industry. An air-assisted sprayer with five-port nozzles was developed and investigated to improve spray penetration into dense nursery canopies. Spray deposits at the top, middle, and bottom of canopies were characterized using fluorescence detection, and were compared at three nozzle heights in a commercial nursery field. Dynamic air velocities corresponding to the deposit sampling locations inside and outside the canopy were measured at the time when the sprayer passed over the canopies. Air jet velocity profiles from nozzle outlets to 0.79 m below the nozzles were determined experimentally and mathematically. The measured air jet velocity decreased from 40.1 to 19.4 m/s when the distance from the orifice increased from 0.33 to 0.79 m. The peak velocities at the top and middle elevations for both inside and outside the canopy decreased as the nozzle height above the ground increased, but the peak velocities at the bottom elevation for both situations were not significantly decreased as the nozzle height increased. The average period of time for dynamic air velocities higher than 1 m/s inside the canopy was 1.9 s at the bottom, 3.8 s at the middle, and 1.1 s at the top of canopies. The mean spray deposit inside taxus canopies with leaf area index of 5.96 increased in an exponential function as the peak air velocity increased. The spray penetration capability and spray deposition uniformity inside taxus canopies were greatly improved with the five-port air-assisted sprayer. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Herman Losely & Sons Inc, Perry, OH USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1294 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500002 ER PT J AU Fritz, BK AF Fritz, B. K. TI Meteorological effects on deposition and drift of aerially applied sprays SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; atmospheric stability; spray deposition; spray drift; stability ratio ID STABILITY; ORCHARD AB Drift from aerial application of crop protection materials is influenced by many factors such as ambient winds, temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric stability. The applicator is responsible for making all possible efforts to reduce the potential for drift. Atmospheric conditions and stability must be considered and adjusted for on the basis of real-time observations and past experience. The objective of this research was to document the effects of atmospheric conditions and stability on the deposition and drift of aerially applied sprays. Two treatments, a fine spray and a medium spray, were used. Ground deposition and airborne concentrations of spray were sampled at multiple downwind locations using Mylar cards and monofilament line, respectively. Results indicated increased downwind ground deposition resulting from increased wind speed, and increased airborne concentrations resulting from smaller droplet sprays and increased wind speed. Airborne concentration data demonstrated that increased atmospheric stability increased the time that smaller droplets remained suspended in the air, which could lead to increased downwind transport. However, these stable conditions are generally characterized by low wind speeds, which could potentially offset the increased suspension time. Overall, the results indicated that wind speed was the most dominant meteorological factor in the transport and fate of aerially applied sprays. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Fritz, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM bfritz@apmru.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1301 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500003 ER PT J AU Xiao, W Flerchinger, GN Yu, Q Zheng, YF AF Xiao, W. Flerchinger, G. N. Yu, Q. Zheng, Y. F. TI Evaluation of the SHAW model in simulating the components of net all-wave radiation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE long-wave radiation; maize canopy; short-wave radiation; surface energy balance ID ENERGY-BALANCE; THERMAL-RADIATION; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; SKY RADIATION; PLANT CANOPY; CLEAR SKIES; SURFACE; WATER; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE AB Radiation exchange at the surface plays a critical role in the surface energy balance, plant microclimate, and plant growth. The ability to simulate the surface energy balance and the microclimate within the plant canopy is contingent upon accurate simulation of the surface radiation exchange. A validation exercise was conducted of the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model for simulating the surface radiation exchange (including downward long-wave and upward short- and long-wave radiation) over a maize canopy surface using data collected at Yucheng in the North China Plain. The model simulated upward short-wave and net all-wave radiation well with model efficiencies (ME) equaling 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. Downward. and upward long-wave radiation were overestimated by 12.1 and 8.3 W m(-2) with ME equaling 0.68 and 0.89, respectively. Two modifications to the model were implemented and tested to improve the simulated long-wave radiation exchange. In one modification, alternative schemes were tested to simulate cloudy sky long-wave radiation, and the best algorithm was employed in the model. With this modification, both downward and upward long-wave radiation were simulated better, with ME rising to 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. A second modification was implemented to use leaf temperature rather than canopy air temperature to compute emitted long-wave radiation. Although more theoretically correct, this modification did not improve simulations compared to the original model because upward long-wave radiation was already overpredicted and midday leaf temperatures at this site were typically higher than canopy air temperatures. Thus, the modification resulted in even higher overprediction of upward midday long-wave radiation. However, this modification removed some of the bias in nighttime emitted long-wave radiation. While the SHAW model simulates the radiation balance and transfer processes within the canopy reasonably well, results point to areas for model improvement. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Yu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM yuq@igsnrr.ac.cn RI Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1360 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500008 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Canady, NH AF Flanagan, D. C. Canady, N. H. TI Use of polyacrylamide in simulated land application of lagoon effluent: Part I. Runoff and sediment loss SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE erosion control; lagoon effluent; PAM; polyacrylamide; soil amendments; soil erosion; wastewater irrigation ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; SOIL-EROSION; RAINFALL CONDITIONS; WATER-QUALITY; STEEP SLOPES; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; PAM; RESIDUE; YIELD AB Agriculture contributes considerably to water quality problems in the U.S. Tillage systems and land application of wastewaters from animal production facilities can increase both sediment and nutrient loadings to surface waters. Sediment transported to surface waters can decrease biodiversity and the usefulness of water for industry, drinking, and recreation. Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is a soil amendment that has been shown to reduce soil erosion during rainfall and irrigation. We hypothesized that dissolving PAM in land-applied lagoon effluent would reduce runoff and sediment loss in subsequent rainfalls. Swine wastewater from a third-stage anaerobic lagoon was mixed with high molecular weight PAM at concentrations of 0, 10, and 20 ppm and then surface applied to a silt loam soil packed in erosion boxes. A rainfall simulator was used to study PAM's effectiveness at two slopes (4% and 8%) and two cover levels (0% and 30%). Two consecutive storms with constant and varying rainfall intensity were simulated PAM treatment reduced runoff from covered soils by up to 66%. On bare soil, the 10ppm PAM treatment reduced first storm sediment losses by about 60%, while the 20 ppm PAM treatment resulted in about a 40% reduction. Lagoon effluent irrigation was found to produce higher sediment losses than water irrigation, but PAM treatment reduced sediment losses in lagoon-irrigated soils to levels that were comparable to water-only irrigations. These results indicate that application of anionic PAM with wastewater during surface irrigation can be all effective treatment to reduce runoff and erosion during subsequent rainfall events. C1 USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM flanagan@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1369 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500009 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Canady, NH AF Flanagan, D. C. Canady, N. H. TI Use of polyacrylamide in simulated land application of lagoon effluent: Part II. Nutrient loss SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural pollution; lagoon effluent; nitrogen; nutrient transport; PAM; phosphorus; polyacrylamide; soil amendments; wastewater irrigation ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; RAINFALL CONDITIONS; NATURAL RAINFALL; EROSION CONTROL; POULTRY LITTER; SEDIMENT YIELD; STEEP SLOPES; SOIL; PREDICTION AB Land application of agricultural wastewater can contribute to eutrophication of water bodies by increasing the quantities of dissolved and particulate nutrients that are transported in runoff during rain storm events. Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is a soil amendment that has been shown to reduce soil erosion and nutrient transport during rainfall and irrigation. We hypothesized that dissolving PAM in low-concentration, land-applied lagoon effluent would reduce nutrient losses during subsequent rainfalls. Swine wastewater from a third-stage anaerobic lagoon was mixed with PAM at concentrations of 0, 10, and 20 ppm and then surface applied to soil packed in erosion boxes. A rainfall simulator was used to study PAM's effectiveness at multiple slope (4% and 8%) and cover levels (0% and 30%). Two consecutive storms with constant and varying rainfall intensities were simulated. Soluble ortho-P, combined NO2 - and NO3--N, NH4+-N, and particulate N and P concentrations were determined in runoff samples obtained during the storms. Under various levels of slope and cover treatment, PAM use reduced NH4+-N loss from 34% to 92% and reduced ortho-P loss from 31% to 71%. PAM treatment was also effective in reducing particulate nutrient losses, including reductions of 22% to 72% for total R These results indicate that PAM can be effective for controlling surface nutrient losses in runoff in the time period immediately following land application of low-concentration agricultural wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM flanagan@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1381 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500010 ER PT J AU Lin, C McCool, DL AF Lin, C. McCool, D. L. TI Simulating snowmelt and soil frost depth by an energy budget approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE energy budget; snowmelt; soil erosion modeling; soil frost; WEPP; winter hydrology ID FROZEN SOILS; FREEZE-THAW; RESIDUE; STUBBLE; WATER; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM; STRENGTH; TILLAGE AB The occurrence of snow and soil-frost influences hydrology and, in turn, the mechanisms of soil erosion processes in cold regions. For these regions, reliably modeling the dynamics of snow accumulation and melt, and soil frost formation and melt, is necessary prior to accurately predicting runoff and erosion. Only then will methods for predicting the rates and amounts of soil erosion by water be established on a firm hydrological footing. This article examines the potential of an energy budget approach to simulate the magnitude and variations of snow and soil frost depths. It is assumed that the net sum of all energy components in the environment is consumed or compensated by water phase change occurring near or under the ground surface, such as snow melting or soil freezing and thawing. Testing indicates that this energy budget approach demonstrates promise to simulate winter hydrology and to be adapted to erosion prediction models. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, PWA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McCool, DL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, PWA, LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dkmccool@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1394 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500011 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Evett, SR Howell, TA Tolk, JA AF Colaizzi, P. D. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Tolk, J. A. TI Comparison of five models to scale daily evapotranspiration from one-time-of-day measurements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE energy balance; evapotranspiration; lysimeters; remote sensing; water management ID EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; DAYTIME EVAPORATION; LYSIMETERS; COTTON AB Calculation of regional, spatially distributed evapotranspiration (ET) is possible using remotely sensed surface temperatures from sensors aboard air or space platforms. These platforms provide instantaneous data at frequencies of days to weeks, so that instantaneous latent heat flux can be computed from energy balance algorithms. However, instantaneous latent heat flux must be converted to ET and then scaled to daily (24 h) totals for most practical applications. We compared five scaling models where a single measurement of 0.5 h ET was used to estimate the daily total during clear days. Each model takes advantage of the clear day, quasi-sinusoidal nature of daytime ET and other daytime parameters including solar radiation, available energy, or reference ET The surfaces were fully irrigated alfalfa, partially irrigated cotton, dryland grain sorghum, and bare soil (tilled fallow sorghum). Actual ET was measured by precision weighing lysimeters. Model agreement was evaluated on the basis the modified index of agreement (D) and the modified coefficient of efficiency (epsilon), in addition to standard statistical parameters. For cropped surfaces, the models based on grass reference ET resulted in the best agreement between observed and predicted daily ET totals. For bare soil, the model based on available energy (i.e., evaporative fraction) resulted in the best agreement. Relative error between observed and predicted daily ET increased as daily ET decreased. Observed and predicted daily ET agreed well for the transpiring crops (RMSE of 0.33 to 0.46 mm d(-1) for mean daily ET of 3.9 to 5.8 mm d(-1)) but poorly for bare soil (RMSE of 0.47 mm d(-1) for mean daily ET of 1.4 mm d(-1)). C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pcolaizzi@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1417 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500013 ER PT J AU Wheeler, EF Casey, KD Gates, RS Xin, H Zajaczkowski, JL Topper, PA Liang, Y Pescatore, AJ AF Wheeler, E. F. Casey, K. D. Gates, R. S. Xin, H. Zajaczkowski, J. L. Topper, P. A. Liang, Y. Pescatore, A. J. TI Ammonia emissions from twelve US broiler chicken houses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE ammonia emissions; broiler houses; electrochemical sensor; litter treatment; NH3 concentration; poultry; seasonal variation; ventilation rate ID LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS AB Twelve commercial broiler houses in the U.S. were each monitored for at least thirteen 48 h periods over the course of one year to obtain ammonia emission data. Paired repetition of houses on four farms represents current construction with variety in litter management (built-up or new litter each flock) and climate conditions (cold or mixed-humid). Ammonia concentration was determined using portable electrochemical sensors incorporating a fresh air purge cycle. Ventilation rate was determined via in-situ measurement of fan capacity, fan on-off times, and house static pressure difference. There were seasonal trends in exhaust ammonia concentration (highest in cold weather) and ventilation rates (highest in warm weather) but not for emission rate. Flocks with at least three monitoring periods (13 of 22 flocks) demonstrated similar emission rates at a given bird age among the four study farms and across the seasons. An analysis of emissions from all houses on the three farms using built-up litter resulted in predicted regression slopes of 0.028, 0.034, and 0.038 g NH3 bird(-1) d(-1) per day of age; the fourth farm, managed with new litter, had the lowest emission rate at 0.024 g NH3 bird(-1) d(-1). The intercept of these composite relationships was influenced by litter conditions, with flocks on new litter having essentially no emissions for about six days while built-up litter flocks had emissions starting at flock placement. Data from all four farms and all flocks provided a regression slope of 0.031 (+/- 0.001. std error) g NH3 bird(-1) d(-1) per day of age. Emission rate per animal unit for built-up litter flocks indicated very high emissions for the youngest birds (under 14 days of age), after which time the emissions decreased exponentially and were then relatively steady for the balance of the flock cycle. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pendleton, OR USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Wheeler, EF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 228 Agr Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM efw2@psu.edu RI Casey, Kenneth/F-4409-2010; Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0003-0819-8376; Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 21 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1512 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500022 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S. Nelson, S. O. TI Microwave sensing technioue for nondestructive determination of bulk density and moisture content in unshelled and shelled peanuts SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE bulk density; complex permittivity; microwave sensing; moisture content; shelled peanuts; unshelled peanuts ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FREE-SPACE; SENSORS AB A microwave dielectric method was used to determine nondestructively and simultaneously bulk density and moisture content in unshelled and shelled peanuts from measurement of their relative complex permittivities in free space at 8.0 GHz and 24 degrees C. Bulk density was determined without requiring knowledge of moisture content and temperature of unshelled and shelled peanut samples from a complex-plane representation of the relative complex permittivity. Moisture content in unshelled and shelled peanuts was determined independent of bulk density with the use of a density-independent permittivity calibration function. Statistical analysis provided bulk density and moisture content calibration equations along with corresponding standard errors of calibration and standard errors of performance over wide ranges of bulk density and moisture content. In addition, an equation was established for determining moisture content in peanut kernels directly from measurements of microwave dielectric properties of unshelled peanuts. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), QARU, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1563 EP 1568 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500028 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Sands, GR Wilson, BN Strock, JS Porter, PM AF Feyereisen, G. W. Sands, G. R. Wilson, B. N. Strock, J. S. Porter, P. M. TI Plant growth component of a simple rye growth model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cover crop; nitrogen uptake; plant growth modeling; sensitivity analysis ID PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WATER-QUALITY; CORN-BELT; DRAINAGE; WHEAT; YIELD; CROP AB Cover cropping practices are being researched to reduce artificial subsurface drainage nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) losses from agricultural lands in the upper Mississippi watershed. A soil-plant-atmosphere simulation model, RyeGro, was developed to quantify the probabilities that a winter rye cover crop will reduce artificial subsurface drainage nitrate-N losses given climatic variability in the region. This article describes the plant growth submodel of RyeGro, Grosub, which estimates biomass production with a radiation use efficiency-based approach for converting intercepted photosynthetically active radiation to biomass. Estimates of nitrogen (N) uptake are based on an empirical plant N concentration curve. The model was calibrated with data from a three-year field study conducted on a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, Minnesota. The model was validated with data measured from a field trial in St. Paul, Minnesota. The cumulative rye aboveground biomass predictions for the calibration years differed by -0.45, 0.09, and 0.16 Mg ha(-1) (-17%, 9%, and 32%), and the plant N uptake predictions differed by -10.5, 8.0, and 4.0 kg N ha(-1) (-16%, 30%, and 21%) from the observed values. The predictions of biomass production and N uptake for the validation year varied by -1.4 Mg ha(-1) and 16 kg N ha(-1) (-27% and 24%) from the values observed in the field study, respectively. A local sensitivity analysis of eight input parameters indicated that model output is most sensitive to the maximum leaf area index and radiation use efficiency parameters. Grosub demonstrated the capability to predict seasonal aboveground biomass production of fall-planted rye in southwestern Minnesota within an accuracy of +/- 30% in years when production exceeds I Mg ha(-1) by mid-May, and to predict seasonal rye N uptake within +/- 25% of observed values. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2316 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM gfeyereisen@tifton.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1578 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500029 ER PT J AU Yang, C Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, C. Everitt, J. H. Bradford, J. M. TI Evaluating high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery for estimating cotton yield SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE airborne imagery; cotton; high resolution; QuickBird imagery; unsupervised classification; yield estimation; yield monitor ID VIDEO IMAGING-SYSTEM; VEGETATION INDEXES; CROP MANAGEMENT; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CORN; GROWTH AB High spatial resolution imagery from recently launched satellite sensors offers new opportunities for crop management. The objective of this study was to evaluate QuickBird satellite imagery for mapping yield variability in cotton fields. A QuickBird image scene with 2.8 m resolution and four spectral bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) was acquired from an intensively cropped area in south Texas. Airborne color-infrared imagery was also collected from two cotton fields within the satellite scene. Yield data were collected from the two fields using a cotton yield monitor Images for the two fields were extracted from the QuickBird scene, and both the satellite and airborne images were aggregated to a pixel resolution of 8.4 m, about twice the harvester swath. Vegetation indices including band ratios and normalized differences were calculated from the spectral bands, and cotton yield was related to the bands and vegetation indices for both types of imagery. The extracted QuickBird images were classified into two to ten zones using unsupervised classification, and mean yields among the zones were compared. Results showed that cotton yield was correlated to both types of imagery and that the QuickBird imagery had similar correlations with yield to the airborne imagery. Moreover, the unsupervised classification maps effectively differentiated cotton production levels among the zones. These results indicate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be a useful data source for estimating crop yield. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1599 EP 1606 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500032 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Hunt, PG AF Ro, K. S. Hunt, P. G. TI A new unified equation for wind-driven surficial oxygen transfer into stationary water bodies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aeration; lagoons; oxygen transfer; wastewater; wind ID GAS TRANSFER VELOCITIES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; EXCHANGE; AIR; SEA; SPEED; LAKE; INTERFACE; REAERATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Wind-driven surficial oxygen transfer into stationary water bodies plays an important role in analyzing the fate and biochemical processes of environmentally important gases. This article (1) reviews research on oxygen and other gas transfers into non-moving, open water bodies, and (2) presents the synthesis of a new, unified equation for oxygen mass transfer coefficients based on gas transfer data published during the last 50 years. Both theoretical and empirically derived oxygen coefficients were reviewed using data derived from investigations in controlled wind tunnels, floating reaeration devices in open waters, and natural open waters. To facilitate the comparative analyses, gas transfer coefficient correlations for other gases were normalized to oxygen, and wind speeds were normalized to 10 m height. Wind was the major turbulence agent facilitating the gas transfer processes. Generally, low wind speed did not significantly influence the transfer coefficients. However, the transfer coefficients increased, even exponentially, with higher wind speeds. There were large variations among existing transfer coefficient correlations. Nonetheless, sufficient gas transfer data have been published in the last five decades to provide a solid basis for synthesizing a new unified oxygen transfer coefficient formula to estimate surficial oxygen transfer into treatment lagoons. The new unified equation for wind-driven surficial oxygen transfer is a function of Schmidt number, wind speed, and temperature. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1615 EP 1622 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500034 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, R. O. TI Oxidative stability of biodiesel by dynamic mode pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; diesel fuel; differential scanning calorimetry; fatty acid methyl esters; oil stability index; onset temperature; soybean oil; thermogravimetric analysis ID METHYL SOYATE BIODIESEL; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; AUTOXIDATION KINETICS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; OIL; ANTIOXIDANTS; LUBRICANTS; INDEX; FUEL; RANCIMAT AB Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel made from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. During long-term storage, oxidation caused by contact with ambient air presents legitimate concerns for monitoring fuel quality. Extended oxidative degradation can affect kinematic viscosity, cetane number, and acid value of the fuel. This work investigates the suitability of dynamic mode (positive air purge) pressurized-difteiential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC) as a means for evaluating the oxidation reaction during non-isothermal heating scans. Methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analyzed by P-DSC and the results compared with those front thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), conventional DSC, and static mode (zero purge gas flow) P-DSC scans. Results from TGA showed that ambient air pressure was too low to allow measurable oxidation during analyses. Although some degree of oxidation was detected for DSC and static mode P-DSC heating scans, results demonstrated that the highest degree of oxidation occurred during dynamic mode P-DSC scans. For DSC and P-DSC analyses, oxidation onset temperature (OT) increased with relative oxidative stability, with the highest values being observed for methyl oleate. Treating soybean oil FAME with antioxidants increased their relative oxidative stability, resulting in an increase in OT Statistical comparison of response factors (R-F) relative to methyl oleate obtained from non-isothermal heating scans with those obtained from OSI analyses showed the highest degree of correlation (P = 0.79) with respect to dynamic mode P-DSC. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oils Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oils Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM dunnro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1641 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500036 ER PT J AU Pryor, SW Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB Walker, LP AF Pryor, S. W. Gibson, D. M. Krasnoff, S. B. Walker, L. P. TI Identification of antifungal compounds in a biological control product using a microplate inhibition bioassay SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis; biological control; fengycin; iturin A; lipopeptides; microplate bioassay ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS S499; LIPOPEPTIDE PRODUCTION; ITURIN-A; ANTIBIOTICS; SURFACTIN AB An inhibition assay was developed to quantify the antifungal activity of a solid-state fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extracts were tested against a spore solution of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis using a 96-well microplate bioassay. HPLC analysis of extracts showed positive correlation between inhibition and levels of several active lipopeptides produced during fermentation. MS analysis confirmed the presence of the lipopeptides iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin. HPLC fractionation and subsequent bioassays established that the activity of the extracts was largely associated with the fraction containing fengycins. A smaller amount of activity was attributable to the fraction containing iturin A. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Walker, LP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM lpw1@cornell.edu RI pryor, scott/A-9751-2013 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1649 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 106YS UT WOS:000242138500037 ER PT J AU Nowak, J Friend, AL AF Nowak, Jaroslaw Friend, Alexander L. TI Loblolly pine and slash pine responses to acute aluminum and acid exposures SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute acidity exposure; aluminum resistance; aluminum tolerance; aluminium toxicity; genetic variation; mycorrhizae; Pinus elliottii; Pinus taeda; Pisolithus tinctorius; soil acidity; solid rocket motor testing ID RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; TULIP-POPLAR SEEDLINGS; FOREST SOIL HORIZONS; RIGIDA SEEDLINGS; SOLUTION CULTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; TREE SEEDLINGS; EUROPEAN BEECH; SUGAR MAPLE; GROWTH AB In response to concerns about aluminum and HCl exposure associated with rocket motor testing and launches, survival and growth of full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were evaluated in a nursery bed experiment. Each species was exposed to a single soil application of aluminum chloride (0.33 M AlCl3, pH 2.5), hydrochloric acid (0.39 M HCl, pH 0.6) or water, with or without mycorrhizal inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius (Coker and Couch). After 20 weeks without inoculation, survival in AlCl3 and HCl treatments averaged 52% for loblolly pine and 72% for slash pine. Inoculation improved survival of loblolly pine, receiving HCl from 49 to 73%, and of those receiving AlCl3, from 55 to 90%. Inoculation also resulted in improved survival and growth of individual families in AlCl3, but not in HCl treatments. Results illustrate the relative resistance of both pine species to the acute treatments supplied, the improvement in resistance associated with mycorrhizal inoculation and the importance of field testing, following hydroponic screening, to verify the resistance to soil-supplied stresses. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Friend, AL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM afriend@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1215 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 091QV UT WOS:000241044300011 PM 16740496 ER PT J AU Gibbs, SEJ Marlenee, NL Romines, J Kavanaugh, D Corn, JL Stallknecht, DE AF Gibbs, Samantha E. J. Marlenee, Nicole L. Romines, Janean Kavanaugh, Darrell Corn, Joseph L. Stallknecht, David E. TI Antibodies to West Nile virus in feral swine from Florida, Georgia, and Texas, USA SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE epitope-blocking ELISA; feral pig; Sus scrofa; flavivirus; plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT); West Nile virus (WNV) ID ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; DOMESTIC PIGS; ROCK PIGEONS; NEW-JERSEY; INFECTION; BIRDS; PERSISTENCE AB West Nile virus (WNV) exposure has not yet been reported in feral swine (Sus scrofa) despite the broad geographic range and population density of this species. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies to WNV in feral pigs, and to evaluate serologic diagnostics as applied to this species. Feral pig serum from three states was evaluated for antibodies to WNV. The overall WNV seroprevalence rate for 222 samples collected in 2001-2004 was 22.5%. Seroprevalence rates in Florida, Georgia, and Texas were 17.2%, 26.3%, and 20.5%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that feral pigs could represent useful mammalian sentinels of WNV. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SCWDS, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Austin, TX USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Athens, GA USA. RP Gibbs, SEJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SCWDS, Dept Populat Hlth, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sgibbs@vet.uga.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.261 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 086VV UT WOS:000240702000006 PM 16989565 ER PT J AU Sullivan, H Linz, G Clark, L Salman, M AF Sullivan, Heather Linz, George Clark, Larry Salman, Mo TI West Nile virus antibody prevalence in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) from North Dakota, USA (2003-2004) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; red-winged blackbirds; North Dakota AB This study was designed to explore the role that red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) may have played in disseminating West Nile virus (WNV) across the United States. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays designed to detect WNV antibodies in avian species we were able to determine the WNV antibody prevalence in a cohort of red-winged blackbirds in central North Dakota in 2003 and 2004. The peak WNV antibody prevalence was 22.0% in August of 2003 and 18.3% in July of 2004. The results of this study suggest that red-winged blackbird migratory populations may be an important viral dispersal mechanism with the ability to spread arboviruses such as WNV across the United States. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Sullivan, H (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Dis Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Heather.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.305 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 086VV UT WOS:000240702000011 PM 16989570 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Hamir, AN Greenlee, MHW AF Greenlee, J. J. Hamir, A. N. Greenlee, M. H. West TI Abnormal prion accumulation associated with retinal pathology in experimentally inoculated scrapie-affected sheep SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glial fibrillary acidic protein; immunohistochemistry; prion diseases; retina; scrapie; sheep; spongiform encephalopathy ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; NATURAL SCRAPIE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SUFFOLK SHEEP; MULE DEER; PROTEIN; DEGENERATION; BRAIN AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the patterns of PrPSc immunoreactivity in the retinae of scrapie-affected sheep and to determine the extent of retinal pathology as indicated by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) of Muller glia. Sections from the retina of 13 experimentally inoculated scrapie-affected and 2 negative control sheep were examined with immunohistochemical staining for PrPSc, GFAP, and PrPSc/GFAP double staining. GFAP-IR of Muller glia is suggestive of retinal pathology in the absence of morphologic abnormality detected by light microscopy. Sheep with the least amount of PrPSc in the retina have multifocal punctate aggregates of prion staining in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer and rarely in the outer plexiform layer. In these retinae, GFAP-IR is not localized with prion accumulation, but rather is present in moderate numbers of Muller glia throughout the sections of retina examined. The majority of sheep with retinal accumulation of PrPSc have intense, diffuse PrPSc staining in both plexiform layers, with immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of multiple ganglion cells and lesser amounts in the optic fiber layer and between nuclei in nuclear layers. This intense PrPSc immunoreactivity is associated with diffuse, intense GFAP-IR that extends from the inner limiting membrane to the outer limiting membrane. This is the first report of a prion disease in a natural host that describes the accumulation of PrPSc in retina associated with retinal pathology in the absence of overt morphologic changes indicative of retinal degeneration. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Interdept Neurosci Program, Bioinformat & Compuat Biol Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1354/vp.43-5-733 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 086VU UT WOS:000240701900016 PM 16966452 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Soto-Suarez, M Chao, WS AF Horvath, David P. Anderson, James V. Soto-Suarez, Mauricio Chao, Wun S. TI Transcriptome analysis of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) crown buds during shifts in well-defined phases of dormancy SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bud dormancy; leafy spurge; microarray; flavone biosynthesis; gibberellic acid; gene expression ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEED-GERMINATION; GROWTH; GIBBERELLINS; SENESCENCE; PATTERNS; CLONING; SUGARS AB Microarray analysis was used to follow changes in gene expression coinciding with seasonal changes in the dormancy status of crown buds of field-grown leafy spurge. Known cold-regulated genes were induced, and numerous gibberellic acid-responsive genes were down-regulated during the transition from paradormancy to endodormancy. Genes involved in photomorphogenesis were induced during endodormancy. Also, ethylene signaling responses were observed during ecodormancy rather than endodormancy. These results provide additional insights into the signals regulating expression of several genes previously associated with transition from paradormancy to growth in root buds. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Int Ctr Trop Agr, Biotechnol Unit, Cali 6713, Colombia. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1614/WS-06-06R1.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084MV UT WOS:000240538100002 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Eubank, TW Poston, DH Koger, CH Reddy, KN AF Nandula, Vijay K. Eubank, Thomas W. Poston, Daniel H. Koger, Clifford H. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE emergence; light; osmotic stress; pH; photoperiod; salt stress; temperature ID GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT HORSEWEED; SEED-GERMINATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; EMERGENCE; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; PARAQUAT; WEEDS AB The influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of horseweed was examined in growth chamber experiments. Germination was highest (61%) under 24/20 C day/night temperature under light. Horseweed seed germination was observed under both light (13 h photoperiod) and complete darkness (24 h), but germination under continuous darkness was only 0 to 15% compared with 0 to 61% under light. All other experiments were conducted under 24/20 C and 13-h light conditions. Germination was 19 to 36% over a pH range from 4 to 10, with a trend toward higher germination under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Horseweed germination was > 20% at < 40 mM NaCl concentration and lowest (4%) at 160 mM NaCl. These data suggest that even at high soil salinity conditions, horseweed can germinate. Germination of horseweed decreased from 25% to 2% as osmotic potential increased from 0 (distilled water) to -0.8 MPa, indicating that germination can still occur under moderate water stress conditions. Horseweed seedling emergence was at its maximum on the soil surface, and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or higher. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Nandula, VK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM vknandula@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 898 EP 902 DI 10.1614/WS-06-006R2.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084MV UT WOS:000240538100013 ER PT J AU Williams, MM AF Williams, Martin M., II TI Planting date influences critical period of weed control in sweet corn SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; critical weed-free period; integrated weed management; yield loss ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI COMPETITION; ZEA-MAYS; QUALITY; GROWTH; MAIZE AB The critical period for weed control (CPWC) identifies the phase of the crop growth cycle when weed interference results in unacceptable yield losses; however, the effect of planting date on CPWC is not well understood. Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at Urbana, IL, to determine CPWC in sweet corn for early May (EARLY) and late-June (LATE) planting dates. A quantitative series of treatments of both increasing duration of interference and length of weed-free period were imposed within each planting-date main plot. The beginning and end of the CPWC, based on 5% loss of marketable ear mass, was determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to the relative yield data representing increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free periods, respectively. Weed interference stressed the crop more quickly and to a greater extent in EARLY, relative to LATE. At a 5% yield-loss level, duration of weed interference for 160 and 662 growing-degree days (GDD) from crop emergence marked the beginning of the CPWC for EARLY and LATE, respectively. When maintained weed-free for 320 and 134 GDD, weeds emerging later caused yield losses of less than 5% for EARLY and LATE, respectively. Weed densities exceeded 85 plants m(-2) for the duration of the experiments and predominant species included barnyardgrass, common lambsquarters, common purslane, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf. Weed canopy height and total aboveground weed biomass were 300% and 500% higher, respectively, for EARLY compared with LATE. Interactions between planting date and CPWC indicate the need to consider planting date in the optimization of integrated weed management systems for sweet corn. In this study, weed management in mid-June-planted sweet corn could have been less intensive than early May planted corn, reducing herbicide use and risk of herbicide carryover to sensitive rotation crops. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 19 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 928 EP 933 DI 10.1614/WS-06-005R.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084MV UT WOS:000240538100018 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Masiunas, JB AF Williams, Martin M., II Masiunas, John B. TI Functional relationships between giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) interference and sweet corn yield and ear traits SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; crop quality; economic threshold; yield loss ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED INTERFERENCE; ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE; QUALITY; DENSITY; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; OLD AB Field experiments were conducted to quantify functional relationships between giant ragweed density and sweet corn yield and ear traits. A rectangular hyperbolic model was fit to yield loss measured in terms of marketable ear mass, appropriate for the processing industry, and boxes of 50 marketable ears, relevant to the fresh market industry. The initial slope of the hyperbolic yield loss function (I), which describes the linear portion of yield loss as weed density (weeds per square meter) approaches zero, was 119 for loss of ear mass and 97 for loss of boxes of ears. Furthermore, 10 of 12 ear traits including green ear mass, husked ear mass, ear length, filled ear length, ear width, number of kernels per row, number of rows, kernel depth, kernel mass, and kernel moisture content were significantly affected by giant ragweed interference. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 5 BP 948 EP 953 DI 10.1614/WS-05-187R.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 084MV UT WOS:000240538100021 ER PT J AU Wang, XK Huang, YH Mort, AJ Zeng, YH Tauer, CG Cochran, KD AF Wang, Xinkun Huang, Yinghua Mort, Andrew J. Zeng, Yuhong Tauer, Charles G. Cochran, Kenneth D. TI Variation of taxane content in needles of Taxus x media cultivars with different growth characteristics SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HPLC; paclitaxel; taxane; Taxus x media ID ANTICANCER AGENT; TAXOL; PACLITAXEL; BREVIFOLIA; BARK AB Needles from 17 different Taxus x media cultivars, belonging to 4 groups showing different growth characteristics, were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography for their content of 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, cephalomannine and paclitaxel (Taxol((R))). The 4 Taxus x media cultivar groups were: 1.) medium to fast growing and upright form; 2.) slow growing and upright form; 3.) fast growing and spreading form; and 4.) slow growing and spreading form. The purpose of this study was to identify yew cultivars of fast growth rate, upright growth and high taxane content in their needles. The highest content of paclitaxel was found in 'Coleana' of group 1 (378,mu g/g of the extracted dry weight). Three cultivars in group 1, 'Coleana', 'Stovekenii' and 'Hicksii', make good candidates for taxane extraction because of their high paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin III content, fast biomass accumulation and upright growing form. They are also good starting materials to develop alternative methods for the production of paclitaxel and its analogous compounds through modern biotechnology approaches. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Secrest Arboretum, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov OI Wang, Xinkun/0000-0003-1377-0509 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 9-10 BP 619 EP 624 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 111MY UT WOS:000242457600001 PM 17137103 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Kitching, IJ AF Reinert, John F. Harbach, Ralph E. Kitching, Ian J. TI Phylogeny and classification of Finlaya and allied taxa (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) based on morphological data from all life stages SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; mosquitoes; systematics; taxonomy ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MANSONIA-TITILLANS DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; FINE-STRUCTURE; AEDES; EGGS; OCHLEROTATUS; SUBGENERA; LIST AB The phylogenetic relationships and generic assignments of 'Finlaya' and related taxa of uncertain taxonomic position in the classification of Aedini proposed by Reinert et al. (2004) are explored using 232 characters from eggs, fourth-instar larvae, pupae, adults and immature habitat coded for 116 exemplar species. The ingroup comprises 74 species, including 41 currently classified as 'Finlaya', 25 formerly placed in this group and eight related species. The outgroup includes four non-aedine species and 38 aedine species representing all generic-level taxa of the polyphyletic 'Ochlerotatus' and major clades within the polyphyletic 'Aedes' in figure 4 of Reinert et al. (2004). Data are analysed in a total-evidence approach using implied weighting. The analysis produced four most parsimonious cladograms and ambiguity among the four is relatively minor concerning just four parts of the cladograms, two of which are linked. The strict consensus tree corroborates the monophyly of the 13 genera proposed by Reinert et al. (2004) that are included in the analysis. Overall, the results show remarkable congruence with those of Rinert et al. (2004) despite differences in the taxa included and morphological characters examined in the two studies. Seventeen genera, of which 11 are new, are proposed for monophyletic clades based on the strength of character support and application of the principle of equivalent rank. Bruceharrisonius stat. nov., Macleaya stat. nov., Molpemyia stat. nov. and Pseudoskusea stat. nov. are raised from subgeneric rank within 'Ochlerotatus'; Hulecoeteomyia stat. nov. and Phagomyia stat. nov. are resurrected from synonymy with Finlaya; and Collessius gen. nov. (Ochlerotatus macfarlanei Edwards), Dahliana gen. nov. (Culex geniculatus Olivier), Dobrotworskyius gen. nov. (Aedes tubbutiensis Dobrotworsky), Georgecraigius gen. nov. (Culex atropalpus Coquillett), Gilesius gen. nov. (Culex pulchriventer Giles), Himalaius gen. nov. (Finlaya gilli Barraud), Jarnellius gen. nov. (Culex varipalpus Coquillett), Jihlienius gen. nov. (Aedes chungi Lien), Patmarksia gen. nov. (Leucomyia australiensis variety papuensis Taylor), Rampamyia gen. nov. (Culex notoscriptus Skuse) and Vansomerenis gen. nov. (Aedes pulchrithorax Edwards) are introduced for the type species indicated in parentheses, and their allies. Additionally, Horsfallius subgen. nov. (Culex fluviatilis Lutz) and Lewnielsenius subgen. nov. (Aedes muelleri Dyar) are introduced as subgenera of Georgecraigius and Jarnellius, respectively. As is usual with generic-level groups of Aedini, these genera are polythetic taxa that are diagnosed by unique combinations of characters. The analysis also shows that 'Oc. (Protomacleaya)' is a polyphyletic assemblage of species, which is retained as a non-monophyletic taxon until the included species can be classified into monophyletic groups. Journal compilation (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 151 TC 53 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1 BP 1 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00254.x PG 101 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 078ZV UT WOS:000240146200001 ER PT J AU Klesius, P Evans, J Shoemaker, C Yeh, H Goodwin, AE Adams, A Thompson, K AF Klesius, P. Evans, J. Shoemaker, C. Yeh, H. Goodwin, A. E. Adams, A. Thompson, K. TI Rapid detection and identification of Streptococcus iniae using a monoclonal antibody-based indirect fluorescent antibody technique SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus iniae; diagnosis; indirect fluorescent antibody technique; monoclonal antibody; infection; carrier; naris ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; BARRAMUNDI LATES-CALCARIFER; INFECTION; INOCULATION; FISH; AGALACTIAE; MORTALITY AB Streptococcus iniae is among the major pathogens of a large number of fish species cultured in fresh and marine recirculating and net pen production systems. The traditional plate culture technique to detect and identify S. iniae is time consuming and may be problematic due to phenotypic variations of S. iniae isolates. The rapid transmission and severe economic impact of this disease necessitates the development of a rapid, reliable, specific, and sensitive technique to detect and identify S. iniae. We developed an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) based on a highly specific mononclonal antibody for S. iniae, The IFAT was found to be suitable for the detection and identification of S. iniae from experimentally and naturally infected tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The olfactory epithelium of the naris of experimentally and naturally infected tilapia was demonstrated to be a reliable, sensitive, and non-lethal sample site for the detection and identification of S. iniae. This IFAT was validated by the traditional plate culture techniques but found to be considerably less time consuming and problematic. These findings reveal that this IFAT is an improvement in the ability to detect and identify S. iniae in infected and carrier fish. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71603 USA. Univ Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Klesius, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM Klesiph@vetmed.auburn.edu RI Thompson, Kim/A-1798-2009; OI Thompson, Kim/0000-0003-3550-4842 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 258 IS 1-4 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.040 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 080MV UT WOS:000240252900019 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Warnemuende, EA Haggard, BE Huang, C AF Smith, D. R. Warnemuende, E. A. Haggard, B. E. Huang, C. TI Changes in sediment-water column phosphorus interactions following sediment disturbance SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nutrient transport; equilibrium phosphorus; concentration; anthropogenic eutrophication ID OKLAHOMA; NITROGEN; RELEASE; LAKES AB Stream and ditch sediments are an important part of the ecosystem that can play a pivotal role in buffering nutrient and contaminant concentrations in surface water. Removal of existing sediments and deposition of new sediments will change the physiochemical parameters controlling P transport in drainage ditches; however, these phenomena are not well documented. This study was conducted to determine the impact of severe storms on sediment P interactions with water column P in tile-fed drainage ditches within agricultural watersheds in northeast Indiana. Easily exchangeable P (MgCl2 extractable) in ditch sediments ranged from 0.5 to 1.32 mg kg(-1). The equilibrium P concentration (EPCo) between the aqueous phase and sediments ranged from 0.02 to 0.11 mg L-1. When comparing sediment EPCo with dissolved P concentrations in ditch water, sediments acted as a P sink in five of the seven data collection sites. The ability of the sediment to buffer water column P, as measured by the slope of the linear relation used to calculate sediment EPCo, ranged from 2.7 to 13.8 mg P sorbed kg(-1) sediment per unit in mg P L-1 in the aqueous solution. In contrast to previous studies, chemical amendments did not alter easily exchangeable P in sediments nor sediment EPCo and the slopes observed in the linear P sorption isotherms. While chemical amendment can be used to increase P sorption by sediments and reduce exchangeable P in sediments, this showed that this practice should be targeted to times of the year when they would be the most effective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.10.013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 087PY UT WOS:000240755600007 ER PT J AU Everhart, JL McNear, D Peltier, E van der Lelie, D Chaney, RL Sparks, DL AF Everhart, Jeffrey L. McNear, David, Jr. Peltier, Edward van der Lelie, Daniel Chaney, Rufus L. Sparks, Donald L. TI Assessing nickel bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nickel uptake; bioavailability; Alyssum murale; Avena sativa; hyperaccumulators; phytoremediation ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; HEAVY-METALS; IRON; OXIDE; MUCK; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; ADSORPTION; EXTRACTION AB Metal contaminants in soil environments derived from industrial pollution have clearly established the need for research on bioavailability and potential health risks. Much research has been conducted on metal sorption in soils. However, there is still a need to better understand the availability of metal contaminants to plants and microbes. Such information will enhance both human health and decisions about remediation efforts. In this study, Welland Loam (Typic epiaquolo and Quarry Muck (Terric haplohemist) Ni contaminated soils from Port Colborne (Canada) which had been treated and untreated with limestone, were employed in greenhouse and bioavailability studies. These soils varied in pH from 5.1 to 7.5, in organic matter content from 6% to 72%, and in total Ni from 63 to 22,000mg/kg. Oat (Avena sativa), a nonhyperaccumulator, andAlyssum murale, a hyperaccumulating plant species, were grown on these soils in greenhouse studies for 45 and 120 days, respectively, to estimate Ni accumulation. A Ni specific bacteria] biosensor was also used to determine Ni bioavailability, and the results were compared to those from the greenhouse studies and more conventional, indirect chemical extraction techniques (employing MgCl2 and a Sr(NO3)(2)). Results from the greenhouse, chemical extraction, and biosensor studies suggested that as the pH of the soil was increased with liming, Ni bioavailability decreased. However, the phytoextraction capability of A. murale increased as soil pH increased, which was not the case for A. sativa. Furthermore, the Ni specific bacterial biosensor was successful in predicting Ni bioavailability in the soils and suggested that higher Ni bioavailabilities occur in the soils at pH values of 5. 1 and 6. The combination of plant growth, chemical extraction, and bacterial biosensor approaches are recommended for assessing bioavailability of toxic metals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Everhart, JL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM everhart_jeff@yahoo.com NR 42 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 2-3 BP 732 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077PS UT WOS:000240042700018 PM 16499951 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Schares, G AF Dubey, J. P. Schares, G. TI Diagnosis of bovine neosporosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neospora caninum; neosporosis; cattle; abortion; serologic tests; histologic; PCR; diagnosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CANINUM-ASSOCIATED ABORTION; IN-VITRO ISOLATION; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; IGG AVIDITY ELISA; AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS AB The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, is a major cause of abortion in cattle. The diagnosis of neosporosis-associated mortality and abortion in cattle is difficult. In the present paper we review histologic, serologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods for dignosis of bovine neosporosis. Although not a routine method of diagnosis, methods to isolate viable N. caninum from bovine tissues are also reviewed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Fed Res Inst Anim Hlth, Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Epidemiol, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Schares, Gereon/0000-0002-3217-289X NR 319 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.035 PG 34 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077EN UT WOS:000240010700001 PM 16730126 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM Dubey, JP AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica Trout, James M. Dubey, J. P. TI Detection of Cryptosporidium felis and Giardia duodenalis Assemblage F in a cat colony SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium felis; feline; cat; prevalence; genotyping; zoonoses ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; DOMESTIC CATS; INTESTINAL CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; GLASGOW AREA; PREVALENCE; IDENTIFICATION AB Eighteen cats, 3-6 months of age, bred and housed in a closed colony, were transferred from that colony and placed in separate stainless steel cages in a building designed for housing animals. At daily intervals, feces were collected from the litter pans in each cage, pans and cages were cleaned, and fresh food and water were provided. Beginning 4 weeks after the transfer, oocysts of Cryptosporidium were detected in the feces of two cats by brightfield microscopy. For the following 21 days, with minor exceptions, feces from each cat were collected daily and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and by molecular methods that included DNA extraction, 18S rDNA gene amplification, and DNA sequence analysis. Within those 22 days, every cat was found to be infected with Cryptosporidium felis and excreted oocysts for 6-18 days. Eight of these 18 cats also excreted cysts of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage F, a genotype found only in cats. Six Giardia infections were concurrent during part of the patency with C. felis infections. Neither diarrhea nor other signs of illness were observed in any of the cats during this time. Because C. felis is zoonotic these findings suggest that care should be taken by veterinary health care providers and others in close contact with cats, even when cats appear healthy and asymptomatic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 65 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.005 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077EN UT WOS:000240010700003 PM 16621289 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, J. P. TI Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; bradyzoites; oocysts; cats; prepatent periods ID DIFFERENT STRAINS; STAGE CONVERSION; TISSUE CYSTS; RH STRAIN; PATHOGENICITY; TACHYZOITES; IMMUNITY; BIOLOGY; DISEASE AB Tachyzoites, bradyzoites (in tissue cysts), and sporozoites (in oocysts) are the three infectious stages of Toxoplasma gondii. The prepatent period (time to shedding of oocysts after primary infection) varies with the stage of T gondii ingested by the cat. The prepatent period (pp) after ingesting bradyzoites is short (3-10 days) while it is long (18 days or longer) after ingesting oocysts or tachyzoites. The conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites and tachyzoites to bradyzoites is biologically important in the life cycle of T gondii and it has been proposed that the pp can be used to study stage conversion. In the present study, infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites released from tissue cysts of a recent isolate of T gondii, TgCkAr23, to cats and mice was compared. Ten-fold dilutions of oocysts or bradyzoites were administered orally to cats, and orally and subcutaneously to mice. Of the 29 cats each fed 1-10 million oocysts only one cat shed oocysts and the pp was 23 days; all cats remained asymptomatic. In contrast. all mice administered the same 10-fold dilutions of oocysts either orally or subcutaneously died of toxoplasmosis. The results confirm that infectivity of the oocysts to cats is lower than for mice and that oocysts are non-pathogenic for cats. Of the 41 cats each fed 1-1000 free bradyzoites, 15 shed oocysts with a short pp of 4-9 days, and all remained asymptomatic. The infectivity of bradyzoites to mice by the oral route was approximately 100 times lower than that by the subcutaneous route. The results confirm the hypothesis that the pp in cats is stage and not dose dependent, and that transmission of T gondii is most efficient when cats consume tissue cysts (carnivory) or when intermediate hosts consume oocysts (fecal-oral transmission). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.018 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077EN UT WOS:000240010700006 PM 16647212 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Patitucci, AN Su, C Sundar, N Kwok, OCH Shen, SK AF Dubey, J. P. Patitucci, A. N. Su, C. Sundar, N. Kwok, O. C. H. Shen, S. K. TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Chile, South America SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Chile; South America; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in 85 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Chile was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 47 of 85 (55.3.9%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in six, 1: 10 in four, 1:20 in four 1: 40 in three, 1: 80 in nine, 1: 160 in four 1:320 in nine, and 1: 640 or higher in eight. Hearts and brains of 47 chickens with titers of 1:5 or higher were pooled for each chicken and bioassayed in mice. Tissues from 16 seronegative (MAT < 1:5) chickens were pooled and fed to one T gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts but none was found based on bioassay of fecal floats in mice. Hearts and brains from seven seronegative (< 1:5) were pooled and bioassayed in mice; T gondii was not isolated. T gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 22 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. Genotyping of these 22 isolates using polymorphisms at the loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 revealed three genotypes. Seventeen isolates had type II alleles and four isolates had type III alleles at all loci. One isolate contained the combination of type I and III alleles. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T gondii isolates from Chile, South America. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Catolica Temuco, Escuela Med Vet, Temuco, Chile. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 45 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.023 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077EN UT WOS:000240010700007 PM 16672177 ER PT J AU Pruett, JH Untalan, PM Davey, RB AF Pruett, J. H. Untalan, P. M. Davey, R. B. TI Identification and partial purification of serologically defined Boophilus microplus larval antigens by natural ectoparasite exposure SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; antigen; natural exposure; serological ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IMMUNE RESISTANCE; SALIVARY-GLAND; GUINEA-PIGS; CATTLE; PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; EXTRACTS AB In an effort to identify life-stage specific Boophilus microplus proteins that elicit a Immoral response in cattle, soluble proteins were extracted from 10- to 14-day-old larvae and subsequently fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Several antigens were identified by Western blotting as potentially shared with other ixodid tick species since antibodies to these proteins were present in sera of calves not previously exposed to B. microplus. Six putative B. microplus-specific antigens were identified by antibodies in the sera of calves repeatedly exposed to B. microplus larvae. One of the antigens, a 19.1 kDa protein, was used in the development of a diagnostic kELISA for previous exposure to B. microplus. The 19.1 kDa protein did not have tryptic protease activity or inhibit bovine trypsin activity, but appeared to be allergenic in that a partially pure fraction elicited immediate-type hypersensitivity responses in calves previously exposed to B. microplus. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Pruett, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM John.Pruett@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.017 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 077EN UT WOS:000240010700016 PM 16650598 ER PT J AU Roberts, DA Dennison, PE Peterson, S Sweeney, S Rechel, J AF Roberts, D. A. Dennison, P. E. Peterson, S. Sweeney, S. Rechel, J. TI Evaluation of airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) and moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) measures of live fuel moisture and fuel condition in a shrubland ecosystem in southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LEAF WATER-CONTENT; FIRE DANGER ASSESSMENT; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; INDEX; THICKNESS; STRESS; LIGHT AB Dynamic changes in live fuel moisture (LFM) and fuel condition modify fire danger in shrublands. We investigated the empirical relationship between field-measured LFM and remotely sensed greenness and moisture measures from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Key goals were to assess the nature of these relationships as they varied between sensors, across sites, and across years. Most AVIRIS-derived measures were highly correlated with LFM. Visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) and visible green index (VIg) outperformed all moisture measures. The water index (WI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) had the highest correlations of the moisture measures. All relationships were nonlinear, and a linear relationship only applied above a 60% LFM. Changes in the fraction of green vegetation (GV) and nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) were good indicators of changes in fuels below the 60% LFM threshold. AVIRIS-and MODIS-derived measures were highly correlated but lacked a 1: 1 relationship. MODIS-derived greenness and moisture measures were also highly correlated to LFM but generally had lower correlations than AVIRIS and varied between sites. LFM relationships improved when data were pooled by functional type. LFM interannual variability impacted relationships, producing higher correlations in wetter years, with VARI and VIg showing the highest correlations across years. Lowest correlations were observed for sites that included two different functional types or multiple land cover classes (i.e., urban and roads) within a MODIS footprint. Higher correlations for uniform sites and improved relationships for functional types suggest that MODIS can map LFM effectively in shrublands. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Ctr Nat & Technol Hazards, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92506 USA. RP Roberts, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, EH3611, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dar@geog.ucsb.edu; dennison@geog.utah.edu; seth@geog.ucsb.edu; sweeney@geog.ucsb.edu; jrechel@fs.fed.us RI Sweeney, Stuart/G-7024-2015; OI Sweeney, Stuart/0000-0003-3450-6870; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 NR 61 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G01S02 DI 10.1029/2005JG000113 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090ZE UT WOS:000240994000001 ER PT J AU Xiao, XM Hagen, S Zhang, QY Keller, M Moore, B AF Xiao, Xiangming Hagen, Stephen Zhang, Qingyuan Keller, Michael Moore, Berrien, III TI Detecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forests in South America with multi-temporal MODIS images SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation indices; MODIS; plant phenology; climate ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; PADDY RICE AGRICULTURE; CLIMATE DATA; CANOPY; CARBON; ATMOSPHERE; AMAZONIA; EXCHANGE; DISCOVER AB Leaf phenology of tropical evergreen forests affects carbon and water fluxes. In an earlier study of a seasonally moist evergreen tropical forest site in the Amazon basin, time series data of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the VEGETATION and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors showed an unexpected seasonal pattern, with higher EVI in the late dry season than in the wet season. In this study we conducted a regionat-scale analysis of tropical evergreen forests in South America, using time series data of EVI from MODIS in 2002. The results show a large dynamic range and spatial variations of annual maximum EVI for evergreen forest canopies in the region. In tropical evergreen forests, maximum EVI in 2002 typically occurs during the late dry season to early wet season. This suggests that leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests is not determined by the seasonality of precipitation. Instead, leaf phenological process may be driven by availability of solar radiation and/or avoidance of herbivory. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM xiangming.xiao@unh.edu RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 36 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 4 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 075JV UT WOS:000239882000007 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Trexler, NA Egbejimi, O McElfresh, TA Suk, HY Petterson, LE Shaw, CA Hardin, PE Bray, MS Chandler, MP Chow, CW Young, ME AF Durgan, David J. Trexler, Nowice A. Egbejimi, Oluwaseun McElfresh, Tracy A. Suk, Hee Yun Petterson, Lauren E. Shaw, Chad A. Hardin, Paul E. Bray, Molly S. Chandler, Margaret P. Chow, Chi-Wing Young, Martin E. TI The circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte is essential for responsiveness of the heart to fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; 24-HOUR BLOOD-PRESSURE; SHIFT WORKERS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; INCREASED RISK; RHYTHMS; DISEASE; OXIDATION AB Cells/organs must respond both rapidly and appropriately to increased fatty acid availability; failure to do so is associated with the development of skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and myocardial contractile dysfunction. Here we tested the hypothesis that the intrinsic circadian clock within the cardiomyocytes of the heart allows rapid and appropriate adaptation of this organ to fatty acids by investigating the following: 1) whether circadian rhythms in fatty acid responsiveness persist in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, and 2) whether manipulation of the circadian clock within the heart, either through light/dark ( L/D) cycle or genetic disruptions, impairs responsiveness of the heart to fasting in vivo. We report that both the intramyocellular circadian clock and diurnal variations in fatty acid responsiveness observed in the intact rat heart in vivo persist in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Reversal of the 12-h/12-h L/D cycle was associated with a re-entrainment of the circadian clock within the rat heart, which required 5-8 days for completion. Fasting rats resulted in the induction of fatty acid-responsive genes, an effect that was dramatically attenuated 2 days after L/D cycle reversal. Similarly, a targeted disruption of the circadian clock within the heart, through overexpression of a dominant negative CLOCK mutant, severely attenuated induction of myocardial fatty acid-responsive genes during fasting. These studies expose a causal relationship between the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte with responsiveness of the heart to fatty acids and myocardial triglyceride metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77204 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu OI Shaw, Chad/0000-0001-7267-5398 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 50 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 34 BP 24254 EP 24269 DI 10.1074/jbc.M601704200 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 074YF UT WOS:000239847800019 PM 16798731 ER PT J AU Taus, NS Oaks, JL Gailbreath, K Traul, DL O'Toole, D Li, H AF Taus, Naomi S. Oaks, J. Lindsay Gailbreath, Katherine Traul, Donald L. O'Toole, Donal Li, Hong TI Experimental aerosol infection of cattle (Bos taurus) with ovine herpesvirus 2 using nasal secretions from infected sheep SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovine herpesvirus 2; malignant catarrhal fever; cattle; bison; experimental infection ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; DEER; PATHOMORPHOLOGY; DEXAMETHASONE; VIRUSES; AGENT; DNA AB Infection of clinically susceptible ruminants, including domesticated cattle and American bison, with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) can result in the fatal lymphoproliferative and vasculitis syndrome known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). A reliable experimental infection model is needed to study the pathogenesis of MCF and to develop effective vaccination strategies to control the disease. An experimental aerosol infection model using sheep, the natural carriers of OvHV-2, has been developed (Taus et al., 2005). Using the protocol and OvHV-2 inoculum established in the previous study, eight calves were nebulized with four different doses of OvHV-2 in nasal secretions from infected sheep. Two control calves were nebulized with nasal secretions from uninfected sheep. Infection status of all calves was monitored using competitive inhibition ELISA, PCR and clinical parameters. Six of eight nebulized calves became infected with OvHV-2. One calf receiving the highest dose of virus developed typical clinical, gross and histological changes of MCF. This study showed that nasal secretions collected from sheep experiencing OvHV-2 shedding episodes were infectious for cattle and capable of inducing MCF. The data also indicate that cattle are relatively resistant to disease following infection. The use of more susceptible species as experimental animal models, such as bison and selected cervid species should be examined. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Taus, NS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.03.005 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 075AU UT WOS:000239855000004 PM 16621344 ER PT J AU Chang, DC Grant, GB O'Donnell, K Wannemuehler, KA Noble-Wang, J Rao, CY Jacobson, LM Crowell, CS Sneed, RS Lewis, FMT Schaffzin, JK Kainer, MA Genese, CA Alfonso, EC Jones, DB Srinivasan, A Fridkin, SK Park, BJ AF Chang, Douglas C. Grant, Gavin B. O'Donnell, Kerry Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Noble-Wang, Judith Rao, Carol Y. Jacobson, Lara M. Crowell, Claudia S. Sneed, Rodlescia S. Lewis, Felicia M. T. Schaffzin, Joshua K. Kainer, Marion A. Genese, Carol A. Alfonso, Eduardo C. Jones, Dan B. Srinivasan, Arjun Fridkin, Scott K. Park, Benjamin J. CA Fusarium Keratitis Investigation T TI Multistate outbreak of Fusarium keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ULCERATIVE KERATITIS; MICROBIAL KERATITIS; FUNGAL KERATITIS; CORNEAL ULCERS; SOUTH FLORIDA; RISK-FACTORS; DAILY-WEAR; SPECTRUM; INFECTIONS; SINGAPORE AB Context Fusarium keratitis is a serious corneal infection, most commonly associated with corneal injury. Beginning in March 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received multiple reports of Fusarium keratitis among contact lens wearers. Objective To define the specific activities, contact lens hygiene practices, or products associated with this outbreak. Design, Setting, and Participants Epidemiological investigation of Fusarium keratitis occurring in the United States. A confirmed case was defined as keratitis with illness onset after June 1, 2005, with no history of recent ocular trauma and a corneal culture growing Fusarium species. Data were obtained by patient and ophthalmologist interviews for case patients and neighborhood-matched controls by trained personnel. Available Fusarium isolates from patients' clinical and environmental specimens were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Environmental sampling for Fusarium was conducted at a contact lens solution manufacturing plant. Main Outcome Measures Keratitis infection with Fusarium species. Results As of June 30, 2006, we identified 164 confirmed case patients in 33 states and 1 US territory. Median age was 41 years (range, 12-83 years). Corneal transplantation was required or planned in 55 (34%). One hundred fifty-four (94%) of the confirmed case patients wore soft contact lenses. Forty-five case patients and 78 controls were included in the case-control study. Case patients were significantly more likely than controls to report using a specific contact lens solution, ReNu with MoistureLoc (69% vs 15%; odds ratio, 13.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-119.5). The prevalence of reported use of ReNu MultiPlus solution was similar between case patients and controls (18% vs 20%; odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-2.8). Fusarium was not recovered from the factory, warehouse, solution filtrate, or unopened solution bottles; production of implicated lots was not clustered in time. Among 39 isolates tested, at least 10 different Fusarium species were identified, comprising 19 unique multilocus genotypes. Conclusions The findings from this investigation indicate that this outbreak of Fusarium keratitis was associated with use of ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens solution. Contact lens users should not use ReNu with MoistureLoc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis & Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Elect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL USA. Baylor Coll Med, Cullen Eye Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chang, DC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DChang@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 275 Z9 284 U1 8 U2 17 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 8 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1001/jama.296.8.953 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 076AL UT WOS:000239929300025 PM 16926355 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Bruning, P Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, Mirko Ralph, John Bruening, Philipp Steinhart, Hans TI Structural identification of dehydrotriferulic and dehydrotetraferulic acids isolated from insoluble maize bran fiber SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cell wall cross-linking; tetraferulic acid; tetraferulate; dehydrotetramer; triferulic acid; triferulate; dehydrotrimer; ferulic acid; ferulate; arabinoxylans; dietary fiber; Zea mays L.; radical coupling; NMR ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; FERULIC ACID; CELL-WALL; PHENOLIC DIMERS; DIETARY FIBER; POLYSACCHARIDES; ARABINOXYLANS; DEHYDRODIMERS; WHEAT AB Two new dehydrotriferulic acids and two dehydrotetraferulic acids were isolated from saponified maize bran insoluble fiber using size exclusion chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X3 followed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and semipreparative phenyl-hexyl reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of UV spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, the structures were identified as 8-5(noncyclic)/5-5-dehydrotriferulic acid, 8-8(tetrahydrofuran)/5-5-dehydrotriferulic acid, and 4-O-8/5-5/8-O-4-dehydrotetraferulic acid. The second tetramer was tentatively identified as 4-O-8/5-5/8-5(noncyclic)-dehydrotetraferulic acid. Compounds containing an 8-5(noncyclic)-coupled dimeric unit probably do not exist in planta but are formed from their phenylcoumaran precursors containing an 8-5(cyclic)-coupled dimeric unit during saponification. The presented dehydrotrimers are the first dehydrotriferulates that do not contain an 8-O-4-coupled dimeric unit. The ferulate dehydrotetramers that are reported for the first time are presumed, like the dimers and trimers, to cross-link polysaccharides in the plant. Because both tetramers contain a 5-5/8-O-4-dehydrotriferulate moiety, the predominant dehydrotrimer in maize bran, it is not possible to deduce whether tetramers are formed by coupling of a fourth unit to a preformed dehydrotriferulate or by 5-5-coupling of preformed 8-O-4- and 8-5-dehydrodiferulates. Nevertheless, such compounds document expanded roles for ferulates in cross-linking polysaccharides in plant cell walls. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bunzel, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 30 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 17 BP 6409 EP 6418 DI 10.1021/jf061196a PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 074CV UT WOS:000239791000043 PM 16910738 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Avena-Bustillos, RJ Shey, J Yee, E Bechtel, PJ Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Shey, Justin Yee, Emma Bechtel, Peter J. Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Rheological and mechanical properties of cross-linked fish gelatins SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE fish gelatin; cross-link; rheology ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; IN-VITRO; LINKING; GENIPIN; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CHITOSAN; MATRICES; RELEASE; SKINS AB Gelatin was extracted from the skins of Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Alaska pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Amino acid analysis and gel electrophoresis were used to determine their amino acid composition and molecular weight profiles, respectively. Dynamic rheology was also used to characterize the fish gelatins' gelation and melting behavior as well as their cross-linking behavior upon adding genipin and glutaraldehyde. Pollock and salmon gelatin had lower gelation and melting temperatures than that of a commercial porcine gelatin. Both fish gelatins that contained genipin showed faster cross-linking rates for samples with higher pH values. However, salmon samples exhibited greater dependence on pH. Also, pollock gelatin cross-linked faster with glutaraldehyde than with genipin. After five days of cross-linking, all porcine samples had much greater gel strengths than pollock samples. In addition, porcine samples containing genipin had gel strengths several times greater than those containing glutaraldehyde. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, SARU, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6379 EP 6386 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.004 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 080OY UT WOS:000240258600014 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Broadbent, EN Oliveira, PJC Keller, M Knapp, DE Silva, JNM AF Asner, Gregory P. Broadbent, Eben N. Oliveira, Paulo J. C. Keller, Michael Knapp, David E. Silva, Jose N. M. TI Condition and fate of logged forests in the Brazilian Amazon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Brazil; forest disturbance; remote sensing; selective logging; tropical forest ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; EAST KALIMANTAN; FIRE SUSCEPTIBILITY; REDUCED-IMPACT; CANOPY DAMAGE; DYNAMICS; DEFORESTATION; INDONESIA; INTENSITY; LANDSCAPE AB The long-term viability of a forest industry in the Amazon region of Brazil depends on the maintenance of adequate timber volume and growth in healthy forests. Using extensive high-resolution satellite analyses, we studied the forest damage caused by recent logging operations and the likelihood that logged forests would be cleared within 4 years after timber harvest. Across 2,030,637 km(2) of the Brazilian Amazon from 1999 to 2004, at least 76% of all harvest practices resulted in high levels of canopy damage sufficient to leave forests susceptible to drought and fire. We found that 16 +/- 1% of selectively logged areas were deforested within 1 year of logging, with a subsequent annual deforestation rate of 5.4% for 4 years after timber harvests. Nearly all logging occurred within 25 km of main roads, and within that area, the probability of deforestation for a logged forest was up to four times greater than for unlogged forests. In combination, our results show that logging in the Brazilian Amazon is dominated by highly damaging operations, often followed rapidly by deforestation decades before forests can recover sufficiently to produce timber for a second harvest. Under the management regimes in effect at the time of our study in the Brazilian Amazon, selective logging would not be sustained. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Amazonia, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gasner@globalecology.stanford.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 38 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 58 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 34 BP 12947 EP 12950 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604093103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077NI UT WOS:000240035900054 PM 16901980 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Opler, PA AF Ferguson, Douglas C. Opler, Paul A. TI Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera : Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Arctiidae; checklist; the continental United States; Canada AB A checklist of the 282 species of Arctiidae of North America north of Mexico is presented. The list reflects changes in taxonomy and additions to the fauna since publication of the Checklist of the Moths of America North of Mexico in 1983. Pagara Walker, 1856 and Neoplynes Hampson, 1900 are transferred from Lithosiinae to Arctiinae. Lectotypes are designated for Arctia incorrupta Henry Edwards, 1881, and Arctia incorrupta Henry Edwards, 1881. Two new combinations are proposed: Cisthene tenuifascia schwarziorum Dyar, 1899, and Trocodima fuscipes ( Grote, 1883). Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918 is proposed as a revised status. "Afrida" exegens Dyar, 1922 is reported for North America for the first time, but its subfamily and generic placement are uncertain. Clemensia patella (Druce, 1885) is raised from synonymy with Clemensia albata Packard, 1864. Seventeen taxa are designated as new or revised synonyms: Arctia oithona Strecker, 1878 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia rectilinea French, 1879 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia conspicua Stretch, 1906 (= Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773)); Arctia quadranotata Strecker, 1880 (= Grammia f- pallida ( Strecker, 1878)); Apantesis sociata Barnes & McDunnough, 1910 (= Grammia f- pallida Strecker, 1878); Apantesis moierra Dyar, 1914 (= Grammia f- pallida ( Strecker, 1878)); Apantesis mormonica Neumoegen, 1885 (= Notarctia arizoniensis ( Stretch)); Arctia caja parva Rothschild, 1910 (= Arctia opulenta ( Henry Edwards, 1881)); Kodiosoma otero Barnes, 1907 (= Kodiosoma fulva Stretch, 1872); Estigmene arizonensis Rothschild, 1910 (= Estigmene albida Stretch, 1874); Ecpantheria denudata Slosson, 1888 (= Hypercompe scribonia ( Stoll, [ 1790])); Arachnis hampsoni Dyar, 1903 (= Arachnis picta maia Ottolengui, 1896); Arachnis midas Barnes & Lindsey, 1921 (= Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918); Arachnis apachea Clarke, 1941 (= Arachnis citra verna Barnes & McDunnough, 1918); Euchaetes pudens ( Henry Edwards, 1882) (= Cycnia collaris ( Fitch, 1856)); Arctia sciurus Boisduval, 1869 (= Cycnia tenera Hubner, 1827); Pygarctia albistrigata Barnes & McDunnough, 1913 (= Pygarctia pterygostigma Dyar, 1909); and Microdota hemiceras Forbes, 1931 (= Trocodima fuscipes ( Grote, 1883)). Halysidota underwoodi Rothschild and H. fuliginosa Rothschild are removed from the North American list because their inclusion was based on specimens that likely are mislabeled. Afrida ydatodes Dyar, 1913 and Afrida minuta (Druce, 1885) are removed from the Arctiidae and should be placed elsewhere, probably in Noctuidae. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Divers, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Opler, PA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, CP Gillette Museum Arthropod Divers, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 21 PY 2006 IS 1299 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074XK UT WOS:000239844900001 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. TI Resveratrol-induced apoptosis is enhanced in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE leukemia; apoptosis; resveratrol; cyclosporin A; PK11195 ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PROTEIN; PERIPHERAL BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTORS; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CD95 EXPRESSION; PK11195; LIGAND; INHIBITION; DEATH AB We have previously shown that resveratrol can induce apoptotic cell death in cell lines established from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cyclosporin A (CsA) and PK11195 are modulators of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) which has been proposed to play a critical role in regulating survival and death. Using SEM and RS4;11 lines with the t(4; 11) translocation, the B-ALL line REH, and the T-ALL line Jurkat, we show that pre-treatment with CsA or PK11195 significantly enhances resveratrol-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in these cells, as measured by annexin V and JC-1 staining, respectively. No significant multi-drug resistance efflux of the fluorescent substrate calcein was observed in these ALL lines, indicating that CsA and PK11195 were acting at the level of the mitochondria to enhance loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis. These data suggest targeting the MPTP sensitizes B- and T-cell ALL to the anti-cancer activity of resveratrol, and may be particularly useful for the treatment of high-risk t(4; 11) ALL. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave,3202A Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM szunino@whnrc.usda.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 240 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.09.001 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 077SX UT WOS:000240051600015 PM 16226372 ER PT J AU Gehring, TA Griffin, B Williams, R Geiseker, C Rushing, LG Siitonen, PH AF Gehring, Theresa A. Griffin, Bill Williams, Rod Geiseker, Charles Rushing, Larry G. Siitonen, Paul H. TI Multiresidue determination of sulfonamides in edible catfish, shrimp and salmon tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sulfonamides; catfish; shrimp; salmon; liquid chromatography ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; PHARMACOKINETICS AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining 14 sulfonamide (SA) (sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine (SDM), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX)) residues in edible catfish, shrimp and salmon tissues was developed and validated at 5, 10 or 20 ng g(-1). The method was then used to determine residues in tissues of catfish, shrimp and salmon dosed with six selected sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline). All assays were within U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for recovery and intra-assay variability. The method was developed to determine possible sulfonamide residues in aquacultured catfish, shrimp and salmon produced for food. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gehring, TA (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM Tgehring@nctr.fda.gov NR 9 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 840 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.039 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 075KE UT WOS:000239882900008 PM 16750659 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Mbaraka, IK Shanks, BH AF Jackson, Michael A. Mbaraka, Isa K. Shanks, Brent H. TI Esterification of oleic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide catalyzed by functionalized mesoporous silica and an immobilized lipase SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE solid acid catalysts; Novozym 435; methyl oleate; supercritical carbon dioxide ID CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACID; BIODIESEL; SBA-15; METHANOLYSIS; SOLVENTS; ESTERS; FLUIDS; ROUTE AB Organosulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silicas were tested for catalytic performance in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol in flowing supercritical carbon dioxide. The energy of activation of the sulfonic acid catalysts was found to be about 42 kJ/mol and was shown to be independent of pore size. The catalytic activity of the functionalized silicas was compared to a standard acidic resin, Amberlyst 15, and to an immobilized lipase, Novozym 435. The most active catalyst was Novozym 435. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, New Crops Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, New Crops Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jacksonmic@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 310 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.05.019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075FM UT WOS:000239869200006 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Shang, F Zhang, XY Li, W Taylor, A AF Liu, Qing Shang, Fu Zhang, Xinyu Li, Wei Taylor, Allen TI Expression of K6W-ubiquitin inhibits proliferation of human lens epithelial cells SO MOLECULAR VISION LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR CAPSULE OPACIFICATION; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY; ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; IN-VITRO; PROTEOLYTIC PATHWAY; INTRAOCULAR LENSES; ACTIVATING ENZYME; SUICIDE GENE; MITOMYCIN-C; CYCLE AB Purpose: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an important role in controlling the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to examine if expression of a dominant negative form of ubiquitin can inhibit the proliferation of lens epithelial cells. Methods: Dominant negative K6W-ubiquitin was expressed in cultured human lens epithelial cells via an adenoviral vector. Cell proliferation was monitored by both cell counting and flow cytometry analysis. Protein levels of cell cycle regulators were assessed by western blotting. Results: Expression of K6W-ubiquitin in lens epithelial cells prevented cell proliferation and specifically caused cell cycle delay/arrest in the G(2)/M phase. Consistent with the cell cycle delay/arrest in the G(2)/M phase, typical substrates of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and also M phase regulators such as cyclin A, cyclin B, and securin were stabilized by expression of K6W-ubiquitin. Cell cycle-dependent degradation of G(1) phase regulators, such as the Cdk inhibitor p27(KIP), was also inhibited by the expression of K6W-ubiquitin. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays an important role in regulating lens epithelial cell proliferation. Expression of dominant negative K6W-ubiquitin inhibits lens cell proliferation by inhibiting the degradation of cell cycle regulators. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JMUSDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JMUSDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [EY14083-01A2, EY11717, EY13250, EY13078] NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOLECULAR VISION PI ATLANTA PA C/O JEFF BOATRIGHT, LAB B, 5500 EMORY EYE CENTER, 1327 CLIFTON RD, N E, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA SN 1090-0535 J9 MOL VIS JI Mol. Vis. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 105-07 BP 931 EP 936 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology GA 079FK UT WOS:000240160700001 PM 16943765 ER PT J AU Popelkova, H Fraaije, MW Novak, O Frebortova, J Bilyeu, KD Frebort, I AF Popelkova, Hana Fraaije, Marco W. Novak, Ondrej Frebortova, Jitka Bilyeu, Kristin D. Frebort, Ivo TI Kinetic and chemical analyses of the cytokinin dehydrogenase-catalysed reaction: correlations with the crystal structure SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cytokinin; cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX); flavoprotein; maize; mass spectrometry (MS); stopped-flow spectrophotometry ID VANILLYL-ALCOHOL OXIDASE; OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; FAD AB CKX (cytokinin dehydrogenase) is a flavoprotein that cleaves cytokinins to adenine and the corresponding side-chain aldehyde using a quinone-type electron acceptor. In the present study, reactions of maize (Zea mays) CKX with five different substrates (N-6-isopentenyladenine, trans-zeatin, kinetin, p-topolin and N-methyl-isopentenyladenine) were studied. By using stopped-flow analysis of the reductive half-reaction, spectral intermediates were observed indicative of the transient formation of a binary enzyme-product complex between the cytokinin imine and the reduced enzyme. The reduction rate was high for isoprenoid cytokinins that showed formation of a charge-transfer complex of reduced enzyme with bound cytokinin imine. For the other cytokinins, flavin reduction was slow and no charge-transfer intermediates were observed. The binary complex of reduced enzyme and imine product intermediate decays relatively slowly to form an unbound product, cytokinin imine, which accumulates in the reaction mixture. The imine product only very slowly hydrolyses to adenine and an aldehyde derived from the cytokinin N-6 side-chain. Mixing of the substrate-reduced enzyme with Cu2+/imidazole as an electron acceptor to monitor the oxidative half-reaction revealed a high rate of electron transfer for this type of electron acceptor when using N-6-isopentenyladenine. The stability of the cytokinin imine products allowed their fragmentation analysis and structure assessment by Q-TOF (quadrupole-time-of-flight) MS/MS. Correlations of the kinetic data with the known crystal structure are discussed for reactions with different cytokinins. C1 Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. Univ Groningen, Biochem Lab, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Palacky Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Expt Bot, Lab Growth Regulators, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Frebort, I (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. EM ivo.frebort@upol.cz RI Fraaije, Marco/E-8421-2014; Frebortova, Jitka/H-2435-2014; Novak, Ondrej/F-7031-2014 OI Novak, Ondrej/0000-0003-3452-0154 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 398 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1042/BJ20060280 PN 1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 074UA UT WOS:000239836100012 PM 16686601 ER PT J AU Robichaud, PR Lillybridge, TR Wagenbrenner, JW AF Robichaud, P. R. Lillybridge, T. R. Wagenbrenner, J. W. TI Effects of postfire seeding and fertilizing on hillslope erosion in north-central Washington, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE erosion rate; wildfire; grass seeding; silt fence; monitoring; rehabilitation ID NUTRIENT LOSSES; FOREST; WILDFIRE; IMPACTS; OREGON; FIRES; SOILS; PINE; HEAT AB After the 1998 North 25 Fire in the Wenatchee National Forest, eight study sites were established on steep, severely burned hillslopes to examine the effectiveness of postfire seeding and fertilizing treatments in increasing cover to reduce hillslope erosion, and to measure the nutrient content of the eroded sediment. At each site, four 4 by 9 in plots were located with four randomly applied treatments: seed (winter wheat, Triticum estivum) at 34 kg ha(-1), fertilizer (75% ammonium nitrate and 25% ammonium sulfate) at 31 kg ha(-1), seed and fertilizer, and untreated control. Sediment fences were installed at the base of each plot to measure erosion rates and sample the eroded sediments. In addition, precipitation amounts and intensities, surface cover, canopy cover, and nutrient concentrations in the eroded sediments were measured for four years after the fire. Total precipitation was below average during the four-year study period, and most erosion occurred during short duration, moderate intensity summer rainfall events. The overall first year mean erosion rate was 16 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and this decreased significantly in the second year to 0.66 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). There were no significant differences in erosion rates between treatments. In the first year, the seeded winter wheat provided 4.5% canopy cover, about a fourth of the total canopy cover, on the seeded plots; however, the total canopy cover on the seeded plots did not differ from the unseeded plots. The below average precipitation in the spring after seeding may have affected the winter wheat survival rate. In the fourth year of the study, the mean canopy cover in the fertilization treatment plots was 74%, and this was greater than the 55% mean canopy cover in the unfertilized plots (p = 0.04); however, there was no accompanying reduction in erosion rate for either the seeding or fertilization treatments. Revegetation by naturally occurring species was apparently not impacted by seeding during the four years of this study. The pH of the sediment as well as the concentrations of NO(3) -N, NH(4) -N, and K was not affected by seeding or fertilizing. The nutrient loads in the eroded sediment were minimal, with most of the nutrient loss occurring in the first postfire year. These results confirm that seeding success is highly dependent on rainfall intensity, amounts, and timing, and that soil nutrients lost in eroded sediments are unlikely to impair the site productivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Okanogan Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM probichaud@fs.fed.us RI Wagenbrenner, Joseph/A-6404-2014 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2006.03.001 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 070VL UT WOS:000239553400005 ER PT J AU Schulte, LA Mitchell, RJ Hunter, ML Franklin, JR McIntyre, RK Palik, BJ AF Schulte, Lisa A. Mitchell, Robert J. Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr. Franklin, Jerry R. McIntyre, R. Kevin Palik, Brian J. TI Evaluating the conceptual tools for forest biodiversity conservation and their implementation in the US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE conservation biology; forest planning; forest management; reserves; matrix management; operational experiments ID SCALE MANAGEMENT EXPERIMENTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ECOSYSTEM; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES; RICHNESS; FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB While much has been written describing biodiversity, its global decline, and the need for action, the scientific underpinnings guiding conservation practice have received little attention. We surveyed 10 large-scale forest management plans in the U.S. to establish which ecological concepts are commonly used to guide forest biodiversity conservation and evaluate the relative importance of these concepts in processes related to forest stewardship. We then reviewed the scientific literature to assess the degree to which these concepts are founded in antecedent ecological theory, the extent to which they have been tested, and the limits of those tests. We found that the concepts of filters (fine, meso, and coarse), reserves, matrix management, hotspots, emulating natural disturbances, diversity begets diversity, patchworks, networks, and gradients are extensively employed in the forest planning efforts we surveyed. While most of these concepts received high utility scores, coarse filter was most commonly used, closely followed by matrix management and fine filter. A survey of the literature review suggests that all concepts have both direct and indirect relationships with foundational ecological theories, such as niches, natural selection, and island biogeography. All concepts also have some empirical support based on field tests and most have received some testing in an experimental framework. Yet, experimental tests of the concepts are far from comprehensive as, among other reasons: (1) many species are yet unknown, (2) many species are difficult to measure, (3) the occurrence of taxa that are often measured do not correspond well with the occurrence of those less frequently measured, and (4) although site conditions may be replicated, the historical and landscape contexts of each test are unique. Although we document wide use of these concepts, significant constraints hinder further incorporation into forest stewardship. Predominant among these is a lack of empirical support at the spatial and temporal scales over which forest management is implemented. Practical ways to advance conservation concepts include implementing effective, efficient monitoring protocols and establishing experimental tests in an operational context. Constructive bridges must be built between science and practitioner communities to realize these goals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr Ichauway, Newton, GA 39870 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Schulte, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lschulte@iastate.edu NR 75 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.009 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300001 ER PT J AU Schwilk, DW Knapp, EE Ferrenberg, SM Keeley, JE Caprio, AC AF Schwilk, Dylan W. Knapp, Eric E. Ferrenberg, Scott M. Keeley, Jon E. Caprio, Anthony C. TI Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abies; Pinus; Dendroctonus; Scolytus; bark beetle; prescribed fire ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; LONGLEAF PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; CALIFORNIA; SCOLYTIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Over the last century, fire exclusion in the forests of the Sierra Nevada has allowed surface fuels to accumulate and has led to increased tree density. Stand composition has also been altered as shade tolerant tree species crowd out shade intolerant species. To restore forest structure and reduce the risk of large, intense fires, managers have increasingly used prescription burning. Most fires prior to EuroAmerican settlement occurred during the late summer and early fall and most prescribed burning has taken place during the latter part of this period. Poor air quality and lack of suitable burn windows during the fall, however, have resulted in a need to conduct more prescription burning earlier in the season. Previous reports have suggested that burning during the time when trees are actively growing may increase mortality rates due to fine root damage and/or bark beetle activity. This study examines the effects of fire on tree mortality and bark beetle attacks under prescription burning during early and late season. Replicated early season burn, late season burn and unburned control plots were established in an old-growth mixed conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada that had not experienced a fire in over 120 years. Although prescribed burns resulted in significant mortality of particularly the smallest tree size classes, no difference between early and late season burns was detected. Direct mortality due to fire was associated with fire intensity. Secondary mortality due to bark beetles was not significantly correlated with fire intensity. The probability of bark beetle attack on pines did not differ between early and late season burns, while the probability of bark beetle attack on firs was greater following early season burns. Overall tree mortality appeared to be primarily the result of fire intensity rather than tree phenology at the time of the burns. Early season burns are generally conducted under higher fuel moisture conditions, leading to less fuel consumption and potentially less injury to trees. This reduction in fire severity may compensate for relatively modest increases in bark beetle attack probabilities on some tree species, ultimately resulting in a forest structure that differs little between early and late season prescribed burning treatments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Schwilk, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM dschwilk@usgs.gov OI Ferrenberg, Scott/0000-0002-3542-0334 NR 63 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300005 ER PT J AU Russell, RE Saab, VA Dudley, JG Rotella, JJ AF Russell, Robin E. Saab, Victoria A. Dudley, Jonathan G. Rotella, Jay J. TI Snag longevity in relation to wildfire and postfire salvage logging SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE postfire salvage logging; ponderosa pine; Douglas-fir; snag longevity; Idaho; wildfire; snag dynamics; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; BOREAL FOREST; DYNAMICS; FIRE; WOODPECKERS AB Snags create nesting, foraging, and roosting habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Removal of snags through postfire salvage logging reduces the densities and size classes of snags remaining after wildfire. We determined important variables associated with annual persistence rates (the probability a snag remains standing from I year to the next) of large conifer snags (>= 23 cm diameter breast height (dbh)). Our study sites were located within two wildfires in western Idaho (Foothills fire of 1992 and Star Gulch fire of 1994). Study sites in the Foothills were partially salvage-logged (one-half of standing snags >= 23 cm dbh removed), and sites in the Star Gulch burn were unlogged. Snags were monitored within 0.04 ha plots for 8-9 years beginning in 1994 in Foothills Burn and 1995 in the Star Gulch Burn. A total of 1131 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-tir snags (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were monitored during the study period. Data were collected on snag species, height, decay class, and diameter at breast height. We also collected stand-level data (e.g., slope, aspect) and quantified information on remotely sensed data (e.g., pre-fire crown closure, burn severity) at the pixel-level (30 m x 30 m) and within I km of the plot centers (landscape-level). We modeled annual snag persistence as a function of data on all three scales using non-linear mixed-effects models. Additionally, we expected that variables on multiple scales, including information on burn severity and pre-tire crown closure, would be influential in determining snag persistence. The best models of snag persistence were selected using an information theoretic approach (i.e., AICc). Small-scale variables (age, height, dbh, tree species, decay, and snag density) were best predictors for both wildfire areas. In contrast to our expectations that large-scale variables would influence annual persistence rates, these factors did not appear in top models. Persistence was shorter for ponderosa pine than Douglas-fir snags. Additionally, smaller snags in plots with fewer snags fell sooner than did larger snags in more dense stands. Age of snag was also an important variable predicting snag persistence (older snags are more likely to fall). Snag longevity (the total amount of time the snag remained standing) also varied between the two sites. The predicted half-life of a ponderosa pine snag was 7-8 years in salvage-logged plots and 9-10 years in unlogged plots. The predicted half-life of Douglas-fir snags was longer than ponderosa pine, at 12-13 years in the salvage logged burn versus 15-16 years in the unlogged burn. On the partially logged sites, the primary effects of salvage logging on snags appeared to be the reduction of the average snag size (diameter and height) and density, which in turn reduced the subsequent longevity of individual snags. We concluded that the main effects of the partial-salvage logging appeared to be a reduction in overall snag density and average snag size which in turn reduces average persistence time. Management practices that preserve dense stands of snags will promote the longer-term persistence of suitable snags as nesting habitat for cavity-nesting birds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forestry Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rockt Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Russell, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1648 S 7th Ave,MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rerussell@fs.fed.us OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 NR 52 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.068 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300019 ER PT J AU Fiala, ACS Garman, SL Gray, AN AF Fiala, Anne C. S. Garman, Steven L. Gray, Andrew N. TI Comparison of five canopy cover estimation techniques in the western Oregon Cascades SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Oregon Cascades; canopy cover; line intercept; densiometer; moosehorn; hemispherical photography; FVS ID FOREST OVERSTORY COVER; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; LIGHT; DENSITY; UNDERSTORY; GAPS AB Estimates of forest canopy cover are widely used in forest research and management, yet methods used to quantify canopy cover and the estimates they provide vary greatly. Four commonly used ground-based techniques for estimating overstory cover - line-intercept, spherical densiometer, moosehorn, and hemispherical photography - and cover estimates generated from crown radii parameters of the western Cascades variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) were compared in five Douglas-fir/western hemlock structure types in western Oregon. Differences in cover estimates among the ground-based methods were not related to stand-structure type (p = 0.33). As expected, estimates of cover increased and stand-level variability decreased with increasing angle of view among techniques. However, the moosehorn provided the most conservative estimates of vertical-projection overstory cover. Regression equations are provided to permit conversion among canopy cover estimates made with the four ground-based techniques. These equations also provide a means for integrating cover data from studies that use different techniques, thus aiding in the ability to conduct synthetic research. Ground-based measures are recommended for specific objectives. Because the FVS-estimated cover levels were consistently lower and more variable than most of the ground-based estimates (by up to 44, 17% on average), ground-based measures of canopy cover may be preferable when accuracy is an important objective. K) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, Forestry Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fiala, ACS (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Lab2,2700 Evergreen Pkwy NW, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. EM fialaa@evergreen.edu; steven_garman@nps.gov; agray01@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 67 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.069 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300020 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Thies, WG Schmitt, CL AF Kelsey, Rick G. Thies, Walter G. Schmitt, Craig L. TI Using chemical markers to detect root disease in stressed ponderosa pine stands with a low incidence of disease in eastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; Blue Mountains; predicting root disease; headspace chromatography; acetone; acetaldehyde; ethanol; water content; biomarkers; black-stain root disease; annosum root disease ID BLACK-STAIN; DOUGLAS-FIR; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; LEPTOGRAPHIUM WAGENERI; ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE; ETHANOL; FOREST; SIZE AB A total of 284 ponderosa pine growing near the southern edge of the Blue Mountains in eastern Oregon were categorized into one of three crown classes based on the degree of "tufted", or "lion's tail" appearance of their branches, a potential symptom of black-stain root disease, then pushed over and their root systems examined for visual symptoms of disease. Only 23 (8.1%) were found to have more than a trace level of black-stain, annosum root disease, or both at about 38 cm below the root collar. Although there were many measurable differences in crown growth parameters among the three classes, they were not reliable for predicting the presence, or severity of root disease. Differences in crown morphology associated with these classes probably resulted from the combined effects of tree size, levels of resources available on site to support vigorous growth, especially water, and stresses that enhanced water deficits. The sapwood water content of diseased trees was 80.0% of the water content in healthy trees. Acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, and ethanol concentrations, quantified in the headspace analysis of sapwood collected above the root collar prior to harvest, were all higher in trees with root disease compared to those without disease. Logistic regression models with 0-5 chemical explanatory variables were compared simultaneously by the practical information-theoretic approach to select the best model for predicting trees with root disease. The one selected contained only acetone fresh weight concentrations as an explanatory variable, and would facilitate increased rates of sapwood analysis in the laboratory. More importantly, acetone concentrations may function as useful markers to identify the most severely diseased trees for removal, or in general stand surveys to estimate the level of root disease when symptoms in the crown are lacking or confounded by other stresses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Blue Management Serv Ctr, Wallawa Whitman Natl Forest, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rkelsey@fs.fed.us; wthies@fs.fed.us; clschmitt@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 232 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.073 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 075DV UT WOS:000239864300022 ER PT J AU Stafford, JL Wilson, M Nayak, D Quiniou, SM Clem, LW Miller, NW Bengten, E AF Stafford, James L. Wilson, Melanie Nayak, Deepak Quiniou, Sylvie M. Clem, L. W. Miller, Norman W. Bengten, Eva TI Identification and characterization of a FcR homolog in an ectothermic vertebrate, the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; GAMMA-RECEPTOR IIB; HIGH-AFFINITY; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; LYMPHOCYTE HETEROGENEITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; B-LYMPHOCYTES AB An FcR homolog (IpFcRI), representing the first such receptor from an ectothermic vertebrate, has been identified in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Mining of the catfish expressed sequence tag databases using mammalian FcR sequences for CD16, CD32, and CD64 resulted in the identification of a teleost Ig-binding receptor. IpFcRI is encoded by a single-copy gene containing three Ig C2-like domains, but lacking a transmembrane segment and cytoplasmic tail. The encoded Ig domains of IpFcRI are phylogenetically and structurally related to mammalian FcR and the presence of a putative Fc-binding region appears to be conserved. IpFcRI-related genomic sequences are also present in both pufferfish and rainbow trout, indicating the likely presence of a soluble FcR in other fish species. Northern blot and qualitative PCR analyses demonstrated that IpFcRI is primarily expressed in IgM-negative leukocytes derived from the lymphoid kidney tissues and PBL. Significantly lower levels of IpFcRI expression were detected in catfish clonal leukocyte cell lines. Using the native leader, IpFcRI was secreted when transfected into insect cells and importantly the native IpFcRI glycoprotein was detected in catfish plasma using a polyclonal Ab. Recombinant IpFcRI binds catfish IgM as assessed by both coimmunoprecipation and cell transfection studies and it is presumed that it functions as a secreted FcR akin to the soluble FeR found in mammals. The identification of an FcR homolog in an ectothermic vertebrate is an important first step toward understanding the evolutionary history and functional importance of vertebrate Ig-binding receptors. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. RP Bengten, E (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM ebengten@microbio.umsmed.edu RI Stafford, James/A-3759-2014; Nayak, Deepak/G-8890-2015; OI Nayak, Deepak/0000-0002-0292-670X; Nayak, Deepak/0000-0002-0231-5335 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 19530] NR 69 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 4 BP 2505 EP 2517 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 073LU UT WOS:000239745300059 PM 16888012 ER PT J AU Petersen, SO Miller, DN AF Petersen, Soren O. Miller, Daniel N. TI Greenhouse gas mitigation by covers on livestock slurry tanks and lagoons? SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; METHANE OXIDATION; SURFACE CRUSTS; CATTLE SLURRY; MANURE; AMMONIA; BUDGET; PIG C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Agroecol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Petersen, SO (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Agroecol, POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Petersen, Soren /E-9714-2016; OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1407 EP 1411 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2543 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 066IX UT WOS:000239224000001 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Lee, AK Suh, JK Slovin, J AF Roh, Mark S. Lee, Ae-Kyung Suh, Jeung Keun Slovin, Janet TI Confirmation of cross-pollination of Ardisia crenata by sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers; single nucleotide substitution; nucleotide sequencing ID AFLP AB To investigate the origin of seven Ardisia crenata Sims seedlings with non-variegated foliages (VSm) from a progeny of a mother plant with variegated foliage and red berries (VM), morphological and genetic characteristics of these seedlings were compared with mother plants of A. crenata with VM, plants with non-variegated leaves and white berries (WM), and plants with non-variegated leaves and red berries (RM). Genetic data include randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and sequence analysis of an unidentified locus that was obtained from seven VSm seedlings out of 261 seedlings of VM with variegated foliage (VS) seedlings, WM, and seedlings from WM (WS). RAPD analysis indicates that VM, WM, and progeny populations VSm and WS are more closely related to each other than to RM and RM progeny (RS). Substitution in a 374-base long nucleotide sequence revealed that WM and most of WS and VSm produced similar sequence data with some exceptions, such as seedling VSm 2 and 5 showing polymorphisms at positions 7 (C replacing T) and 243 (A replacing T). Based on the RAPD and the sequence analysis for the VSm and WM specific band, it is concluded that these seven VSm seedlings were resulted from cross-pollination between VM and WM. Hybrid origin of VSm seedlings between VM as a maternal source and WM as a paternal source is verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (forward primer, ARD-1-F; GGACTGGAGTAGAGGATAGAGTTTTG and two reverse primers, ARD-2-R; GGACTGGAGTGCTCTATGAATTG and ARD-3-R; TGTCAGCAGCCTACCACTAGC). These SCAR markers were successful to identify VM progenies with non-variegated leaves involving WM as a paternal source. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dankook Univ, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Sch Bioresources Sci, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,Rm 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rohm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 4 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.05.013 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 073BP UT WOS:000239717800008 ER PT J AU Fach, SJ Brockmeier, SL Hobbs, LA Lehmkuhl, HD Sacco, RE AF Fach, Sasha J. Brockmeier, Susan L. Hobbs, Lea Ann Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Sacco, Randy E. TI Pulmonary dendritic cells isolated from neonatal and adult ovine lung tissue SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovine lung; dendritic cells; neonates ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AIRWAY EPITHELIUM; YOUNG LAMBS; B-CELLS; PHENOTYPE; EXPRESSION; INCREASES; MONOCYTES; ONTOGENY AB Lung dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that initiate and modulate the adaptive immune response upon microbial infection within the pulmonary environment. Forthe first time, neonatal and adult lung DCs in a large animal model were compared in these studies. Here, we isolated and identified lung DCs in both neonatal and adult sheep, a valuable experimental animal utilized in pulmonary studies of naturally occurring respiratory diseases. Neonatal lung DCs exhibited characteristic dendrites and morphology when observed by transmission electron microscopy and expressed low to moderate DEC-205, CD80/ 86, MHC class II and CD 14. Regardless of age, lung DCs were functionally able to endocytose FITC conjugated ovalbumin but to a lesser degree than monocyte-derived DCs. In addition, neonatal lung DCs were demonstrated to be potent stimulators of allogeneic T cell proliferation. Together, these results demonstrate that neonatal and adult lung DCs are functionally similar. It is apparent from the data presented that neonatal pulmonary DCs do not exhibit an intrinsic functional defect that would impair their ability to take up antigen and stimulate naive T cells. These data support growing evidence that neonatal immune responses may differ from adults due to different microenvironmental influences rather than differences in dendritic cell maturation states. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Resp Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.02.012 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 067IE UT WOS:000239294300007 PM 16621027 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Cates, EA Williams, JL Bannerman, DD AF Connor, Erin E. Cates, Elizabeth A. Williams, John L. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Cloning and radiation hybrid mapping of bovine toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling molecules SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; mastitis; endotoxin; inflammation ID ADAPTER PROTEIN; COMPARATIVE MAP; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MUTATIONS; APOPTOSIS; MASTITIS; KINASE; CATTLE; MYD88; GENE AB Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is a transmembrane receptor for lipopolysaccharide, a highly pro-inflammatory component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. To date, molecules of the TLR-4 signaling pathway have not been well characterized in cattle. The goal of this study was to clone and sequence the full-length coding regions of bovine genes involved in TLR-4 signaling including CASP8, IRAK1, LY96 (MD-2), TICAM2, TIRAP, TOLLIP and TRAF 6 and to position these genes, as well as MyD88 and TICAM1, on the bovine genome using radiation hybrid mapping. Results of this work indicate differences with a previously published bovine sequence for LY96 and a predicted sequence in the GenBank database for TIRAP based on the most recent assembly of the bovine genome. In addition, discrepancies between actual and predicted chromosomal map positions based on the Blau_2.0 genome assembly release were identified, although map positions were consistent with predicted locations based on the current bovine-human comparative map. Alignment of the bovine amino acid sequences with human and murine sequences showed a broad range in conservation, from 52 to 93%. Overall, this work should assist in the assembly and annotation of the bovine genome sequence, the identification of variations in genes critically involved in host innate immunity, and facilitate the study of TLR-4 signaling pathways in cattle. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov OI GONZALEZ, ELIZABETH/0000-0002-6379-2354; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 24 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 067IE UT WOS:000239294300020 PM 16621030 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Chockalingam, A AF Bannerman, Douglas D. Paape, Max J. Chockalingam, Annapoorani TI Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection elicits increased production of transforming growth factor-alpha, beta 1, and beta 2 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; Staphylococcus aureus; mammary gland; mastitis; transforming growth factor ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BOVINE COLOSTRUM SAMPLES; TGF-BETA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELLS; TGF-BETA-1; MILK; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1 AB In contrast to other mastitis pathogens, the host response evoked during Staphylococcus aureus intramarnmary infection is marked by the absence of the induction of critical cytokines, including IL-8 and TNF-alpha, which have established roles in mediating host innate immunity. The elucidation of changes in the expression of other mediators with the potential to regulate mammary inflammatory responses to S. aureus remains lacking. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 are cytokines that regulate mammary gland development. Because these cytokines also have a demonstrated role in mediating inflammation, the objective of the current study was to determine whether S. aureus intramammary infection influences their expression. Ten cows were challenged with S. aureus and milk samples collected. Increases in milk levels of TGF-alpha were evident within 32 h of infection and persisted for 16 h. Increases in TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 levels were detected within 40 It of S. auretts infection and persisted through the end of the study. Thus, in contrast to IL-8 and TNF-a, S. aureus elicits host production of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2. This finding may suggest a role for these cytokines in mediating mammary gland host innate immune responses to S. aureus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.018 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 067IE UT WOS:000239294300021 PM 16750272 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, KM Harris, MJ Mendl, M Held, S Moinard, C Statham, P Marchant-Forde, J Green, LE AF O'Reilly, K. M. Harris, M. J. Mendl, M. Held, S. Moinard, C. Statham, P. Marchant-Forde, J. Green, L. E. TI Factors associated with preweaning mortality on commercial pig farms in England and Wales SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID PRODUCER-RECORDED CAUSES AB Data from 67 pig farms with a variety of farrowing systems were used to identify factors associated with preweaning mortality in British pig herds. The median mortality reported by the farmers was 10-7 per cent (interquartile range 8.5 to 14 per cent). There was a significantly higher mortality when the pigs were weaned when they were older. A multivariable Poisson model was developed into which the types of farrowing system on each farm and the age at weaning were forced. Factors associated with a lower preweaning mortality rate were insulating the farrowing building, providing extra heat at farrowing, giving the piglets iron injections, dipping their navels, using fan ventilation and using artificial lighting systems. Factors associated with a higher mortality rate were a later weaning age, the use of infra-red lamps rather than other forms of supplementary heat, and the use of a creep without any bedding. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol & Epidemiol Grp, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Bristol BS40 5DU, Avon, England. Scottish Agr Coll, Welf & Behav Grp, Penicuik EH26 0PH, Midlothian, Scotland. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP O'Reilly, KM (reprint author), Vet Labs Agcy, Ctr Epidemiol & Risk Anal, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RI Harris, Moira/B-5449-2010; Green, Laura/G-8345-2011; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Mendl, Michael/D-7220-2016; OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914; Mendl, Michael/0000-0002-5302-1871; O'Reilly, Kathleen/0000-0002-4892-8022 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 12 PY 2006 VL 159 IS 7 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 075UE UT WOS:000239909900006 PM 16905731 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG AF Chen, P. Y. Di Luzio, M. Arnold, J. G. TI Spatial agreement between two land-cover data sets stratified by agricultural eco-regions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PERSPECTIVES; ECOREGIONS; MODIS AB Two of the most widely used land-cover data sets for the United States are the National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) at 30-m resolution and the Global Land-Cover Characteristics (GLCC) at 1-km nominal resolution. Both data sets were produced around 1992 and expected to provide similar land-cover information. This study investigated the spatial distribution of NLCD within major GLCC classes at 1-km unit over a total of 11 agricultural-related eco-regions across the continental United States. Our results exhibited that data agreement or relationship between the GLCC and NLCD was higher for the eco-regions located in the corn belt plains with homogeneous or less complicated land-cover distributions. The GLCC cropland primarily corresponded to NLCD row crops, pasture/hay and small grains, and was occasionally related to NLCD forest, grassland and shrubland in the remaining eco-regions due to high land-cover diversity. The unique GLCC classes of woody savanna and savanna were mainly related to the NLCD orchard and grassland, respectively, in the eco-region located in the Central Valley of California. The GLCC urban/built-up among vegetated areas strongly agreed to the NLCD urban for the eco- regions in the corn belt plains. A set of subclass land-cover information provided through this study is valuable to understand the degrees of spatial similarity for the major global vegetated classes. The subclass information from this study provides reference for substituting less-detailed global data sets for detailed NLCD to support national environment studies. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM pchen@brc.tamus.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 15 BP 3223 EP 3238 DI 10.1080/01431160600567803 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 070PG UT WOS:000239534700009 ER PT J AU Shelby, KS Popham, HJR AF Shelby, Kent S. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Plasma phenoloxidase of the larval tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, is virucidal SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catalase; hydrogen peroxide; HzAM-1 cells; HzSNPV; Kojic acid; nitric oxide synthase; superoxide; superoxide dismutase ID CALIFORNICA M-NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; DEVELOPMENTAL RESISTANCE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NITRIC-OXIDE; KOJIC ACID; PARASITE DEVELOPMENT; FUNGAL METABOLITES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO AB Heliothis virescens larval plasma contains high levels of an antiviral activity against the budded form of the Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) in vitro. Preliminary results indicated that phenoloxidase is primarily responsible for this virucidal effect. However it is known that other enzymes that generate antimicrobial reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates are present in hemolymph that could contribute to the observed virucidal activity. To elucidate the contributions of phenoloxidase and other candidate activities to plasma innate immune response against baculovirus infection specific metabolic inhibitors were used. In vitro the general inhibitors of melanization (N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbate and glutathione), and specific inhibitors of phenoloxidase (phenylthiourea and Kojic acid), completely blocked virucidal activity up to the level seen in controls. Addition of the enzyme superoxide dismutase to plasma did not affect virucidal activity; however addition of catalase had an inhibitory effect. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase activity did not affect virucidal activity. Our results confirm that phenoloxidase is the predominate activity in larval plasma accounting for inactivation of HzSNPV in vitro, and that phenoloxidase-dependent H2O2 production may contribute to this virucidal activity. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Shelby, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM shelbyk@missouri.edu; pophamh@missouri.edu NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 13 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093ZN UT WOS:000241208900001 ER PT J AU Coulibaly, I Gahr, SA Palti, Y Yao, J Rexroad, CE AF Coulibaly, Issa Gahr, Scott A. Palti, Yniv Yao, Jianbo Rexroad, Caird E., III TI Genomic structure and expression of uncoupling protein 2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS; INSULIN-SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA; UP-REGULATION; UCP2; OBESITY; ACID; POLYMORPHISMS AB Background: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) belongs to the superfamily of mitochondrial anion carriers that dissociate the respiratory chain from ATP synthesis. It has been determined that UCP2 plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy expenditure, body weight control and fatty acid metabolism in several vertebrate species. We report the first characterization of UCP2s in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results: Two UCP2 genes were identified in the rainbow trout genome, UCP2A and UCP2B. These genes are 93% similar in their predicted amino acid sequences and display the same genomic structure as other vertebrates (8 exons and 7 introns) spanning 4.2 kb and 3.2 kb, respectively. UCP2A and UCP2B were widely expressed in all tissues of the study with a predominant level in macrophage-rich tissues and reproductive organs. In fry muscle we observed an increase in UCP2B expression in response to fasting and a decrease after refeeding in agreement with previous studies in human, mouse, rat, and marsupials. The converse expression pattern was observed for UCP2A mRNA which decreased during fasting, suggesting different metabolic roles for UCP2A and UCP2B in rainbow trout muscle. Phylogenetic analysis including other genes from the UCP core family located rainbow trout UCP2A and UCP2B with their orthologs and suggested an early divergence of vertebrate UCPs from a common ancestor gene. Conclusion: We characterized two UCP2 genes in rainbow trout with similar genomic structures, amino acid sequences and distribution profiles. These genes appeared to be differentially regulated in response to fasting and refeeding in fry muscle. The genomic organization and phylogeny analysis support the hypothesis of a common ancestry between the vertebrate UCPs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. W Virginia Univ, Anim & Vet Sci Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM icoulibaly@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; sgahr@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; Jianbo.Yao@mail.wvu.edu; crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 203 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-203 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 083AW UT WOS:000240429300002 PM 16899121 ER PT J AU Nelson, RT Shoemaker, R AF Nelson, Rex T. Shoemaker, Randy TI Identification and analysis of gene families from the duplicated genome of soybean using EST sequences SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS GENOME; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; EXPRESSION; NEOFUNCTIONALIZATION; SUBFUNCTIONALIZATION; CONSTRUCTION; PRESERVATION; ORGANIZATION AB Background: Large scale gene analysis of most organisms is hampered by incomplete genomic sequences. In many organisms, such as soybean, the best source of sequence information is the existence of expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries. Soybean has a large (1115 Mbp) genome that has yet to be fully sequenced. However it does have the 6th largest EST collection comprised of ESTs from a variety of soybean genotypes. Many EST libraries were constructed from RNA extracted from various genetic backgrounds, thus gene identification from these sources is complicated by the existence of both gene and allele sequence differences. We used the ESTminer suite of programs to identify potential soybean gene transcripts from a single genetic background allowing us to observe functional classifications between gene families as well as structural differences between genes and gene paralogs within families. The identification of potential gene sequences (pHaps) from soybean allows us to begin to get a picture of the genomic history of the organism as well as begin to observe the evolutionary fates of gene copies in this highly duplicated genome. Results: We identified approximately 45,000 potential gene sequences (pHaps) from EST sequences of Williams/Williams82, an inbred genotype of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) using a redundancy criterion to identify reproducible sequence differences between related genes within gene families. Analysis of these sequences revealed single base substitutions and single base indels are the most frequently observed form of sequence variation between genes within families in the dataset. Genomic sequencing of selected loci indicate that intron-like intervening sequences are numerous and are approximately 220 bp in length. Functional annotation of gene sequences indicate functional classifications are not randomly distributed among gene families containing few or many genes. Conclusion: The predominance of single nucleotide insertion/deletions and substitution events between genes within families ( individual genes and gene paralogs) is consistent with a model of gene amplification followed by single base random mutational events expected under the classical model of duplicated gene evolution. Molecular functions of small and large gene families appear to be non-randomly distributed possibly indicating a difference in retention of duplicates or local expansion. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nelsonrt@iastate.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu NR 43 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 204 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-204 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 083AW UT WOS:000240429300003 PM 16899135 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK AF Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Collins, Julie K. TI Carotenoid changes of intact watermelons after storage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lycopene; beta-carotene; chilling injury; triploid watemelon; Citrullus lanatus (Thunb Matsum & Nakai) ID CITRULLUS-LANATUS FRUIT; LYCOPENE CONTENT; PROSTATE-CANCER; FLESH QUALITY; TOMATO FRUIT; CULTIVARS; ETHYLENE; COLOR; TEMPERATURE; IMMATURE AB Watermelon contains lycopene, a red carotenoid pigment that has strong antioxidant properties. The lycopene content of watermelon is substantial, contributing 8-20 mg per 180 g serving. There are no reports on carotenoid changes in whole watermelon during storage. Three types of watermelon, open-pollinated seeded, hybrid seeded, and seedless types, were stored at 5, 13, and 21 degrees C for 14 days and flesh color, composition, and carotenoid content were compared to those of fruit not stored. Watermelons stored at 21 C had increased pH, chroma, and carotenoid content compared to fresh fruit. Compared to fresh fruit, watermelons stored at 21 degrees C gained 11-40% in lycopene and 50-139% in beta-carotene, whereas fruit held at 13 degrees C changed little in carotenoid content. These results indicate that carotenoid biosynthesis in watermelons can be affected by temperature and storage. C1 USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM pperkins-usda@lane-ag.org NR 34 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 16 BP 5868 EP 5874 DI 10.1021/jf0532664 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069NH UT WOS:000239454700022 PM 16881688 ER PT J AU Dougherty, DP Neta, ERD McFeeters, RF Lubkin, SR Breidt, F AF Dougherty, Daniel P. Ramos Da Conceicao Neta, Edith McFeeters, Roger F. Lubkin, Sharon R. Breidt, Frederick, Jr. TI Semi-mechanistic partial buffer approach to modeling pH, the buffer properties, and the distribution of ionic species in complex solutions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE buffer capacity; Cucumis sativus; vegetable; titration; pH prediction; Davies equation AB In many biological science and food processing applications, it is very important to control or modify pH. However, the complex, unknown composition of biological media and foods often limits the utility of purely theoretical approaches to modeling pH and calculating the distributions of ionizable species. This paper provides general formulas and efficient algorithms for predicting the pH, titration, ionic species concentrations, buffer capacity, and ionic strength of buffer solutions containing both defined and undefined components. A flexible, semi-mechanistic, partial buffering ( SMPB) approach is presented that uses local polynomial regression to model the buffering influence of complex or undefined components in a solution, while identified components of known concentration are modeled using expressions based on extensions of the standard acid-base theory. The SMPB method is implemented in a freeware package, (pH)Tools, for use with Matlab. We validated the predictive accuracy of these methods by using strong acid titrations of cucumber slurries to predict the amount of a weak acid required to adjust pH to selected target values. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Sch Sci, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Stat & Probabil, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu RI Lubkin, Sharon/F-8802-2011 OI Lubkin, Sharon/0000-0003-2521-0699 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 16 BP 6021 EP 6029 DI 10.1021/jf0531508 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069NH UT WOS:000239454700045 PM 16881711 ER PT J AU Powell, DM Brazier, R Wainwright, J Parsons, A Nichols, M AF Powell, D. Mark Brazier, Richard Wainwright, John Parsons, Anthony Nichols, Mary TI Spatial patterns of scour and fill in dryland sand bed streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHANNELS; RIVER; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; GRAVEL AB [ 1] Spatial patterns of scour and fill in two dryland ephemeral stream channels with sandy bed material have been measured with dense arrays of scour chains. Although the depth and areal extent of bed activity increased with discharge, active bed reworking at particular locations within the reaches resulted in downstream patterns of alternate shallower and deeper areas of scour. The variation was such that mean scour depths for individual cross sections varied about the mean for the reach by a factor of 2 - 4 while the locus of maximum scour traced a sinuous path about the channel centerline. The wavelength of the pattern of scour was about seven times the channel width. During each event, compensating fill returned the streambeds to preflow elevations, indicating that the streams were in approximate steady state over the period of study. Although the patterns of periodically enhanced scour along alternate sides of the channels are consistent with models of periodically reversing helical flow, further work is required to identify the causal relationships between patterns of flow and sediment transport in dryland sand bed channels. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield Ctr Int Drylands Res, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Powell, DM (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM dmp6@leicester.ac.uk RI parsons, anthony/E-3608-2010; Wainwright, John/E-1425-2012; Brazier, Richard/N-1806-2013; OI parsons, anthony/0000-0002-6730-5031 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 8 AR W08412 DI 10.1029/2005WR004516 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 074CF UT WOS:000239789300004 ER PT J AU Hass-Jacobus, BL Futrell-Griggs, M Abernathy, B Westerman, R Goicoechea, JL Stein, J Klein, P Hurwitz, B Zhou, B Rakhshan, F Sanyal, A Gill, N Lin, JY Walling, JG Luo, MZ Ammiraju, JSS Kudrna, D Kim, HR Ware, D Wing, RA Miguel, PS Jackson, SA AF Hass-Jacobus, Barbara L. Futrell-Griggs, Montona Abernathy, Brian Westerman, Rick Goicoechea, Jose-Luis Stein, Joshua Klein, Patricia Hurwitz, Bonnie Zhou, Bin Rakhshan, Fariborz Sanyal, Abhijit Gill, Navdeep Lin, Jer-Young Walling, Jason G. Luo, Mei Zhong Ammiraju, Jetty Siva S. Kudrna, Dave Kim, Hye Ran Ware, Doreen Wing, Rod A. Miguel, Phillip San Jackson, Scott A. TI Integration of hybridization-based markers (overgos) into physical maps for comparative and evolutionary explorations in the genus Oryza and in Sorghum SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BAC CONTIG MAP; RICE GENOME; CHICKEN GENOME; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GENETIC-MAP; CONSTRUCTION; DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENY; LIBRARIES; ALIGNMENT AB Background: With the completion of the genome sequence for rice ( Oryza sativa L.), the focus of rice genomics research has shifted to the comparison of the rice genome with genomes of other species for gene cloning, breeding, and evolutionary studies. The genus Oryza includes 23 species that shared a common ancestor 8 - 10 million years ago making this an ideal model for investigations into the processes underlying domestication, as many of the Oryza species are still undergoing domestication. This study integrates high-throughput, hybridization-based markers with BAC end sequence and fingerprint data to construct physical maps of rice chromosome 1 orthologues in two wild Oryza species. Similar studies were undertaken in Sorghum bicolor, a species which diverged from cultivated rice 40 - 50 million years ago. Results: Overgo markers, in conjunction with fingerprint and BAC end sequence data, were used to build sequence-ready BAC contigs for two wild Oryza species. The markers drove contig merges to construct physical maps syntenic to rice chromosome 1 in the wild species and provided evidence for at least one rearrangement on chromosome 1 of the O. sativa versus Oryza officinalis comparative map. When rice overgos were aligned to available S. bicolor sequence, 29% of the overgos aligned with three or fewer mismatches; of these, 41% gave positive hybridization signals. Overgo hybridization patterns supported colinearity of loci in regions of sorghum chromosome 3 and rice chromosome 1 and suggested that a possible genomic inversion occurred in this syntenic region in one of the two genomes after the divergence of S. bicolor and O. sativa. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of identifying conserved sequences in the reference sequence when designing overgo probes in order for those probes to hybridize successfully in distantly related species. As interspecific markers, overgos can be used successfully to construct physical maps in species which diverged less than 8 million years ago, and can be used in a more limited fashion to examine colinearity among species which diverged as much as 40 million years ago. Additionally, overgos are able to provide evidence of genomic rearrangements in comparative physical mapping studies. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. USDA ARS, NAA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jackson, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM barbara.jacobus@alumni.purdue.edu; mfutrell@purdue.edu; babernat@purdue.edu; westerman@purdue.edu; jlgoicoe@ag.arizona.edu; steinj@cshl.edu; pklein@tamu.edu; hurwitz@cshl.edu; binzhou@tamu.edu; fariborz.rakhshanrohakhtar@mayo.edu; asanyal@purdue.edu; gilln@purdue.edu; jylin0415@purdue.edu; jgwallin@purdue.edu; mluo@ag.arizona.edu; jettyr@ag.arizona.edu; dkudrna@ag.arizona.edu; hkim@ag.arizona.edu; ware@cshl.edu; rwing@ag.arizona.edu; pmiguel@purdue.edu; sjackson@purdue.edu RI SanMiguel, Phillip/I-2196-2015; OI SanMiguel, Phillip/0000-0002-3742-9527; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 199 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-199 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 090TI UT WOS:000240974200001 PM 16895597 ER PT J AU McCarthy, HR Oren, R Kim, HS Johnsen, KH Maier, C Pritchard, SG Davis, MA AF McCarthy, Heather R. Oren, Ram Kim, Hyun-Seok Johnsen, Kurt H. Maier, Chris Pritchard, Seth G. Davis, Micheal A. TI Interaction of ice storms and management practices on current carbon sequestration in forests with potential mitigation under future CO2 atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; WOOD PROPERTIES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; LEAF-AREA; ENRICHMENT; DECOMPOSITION; TREES AB [1] Ice storms are disturbance events with potential impacts on carbon sequestration. Common forest management practices, such as fertilization and thinning, can change wood and stand properties and thus may change vulnerability to ice storm damage. At the same time, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels may also influence ice storm vulnerability. Here we show that a nonintensively managed pine plantation experienced a similar to 250 g C m(-2) reduction in living biomass during a single storm, equivalent to similar to 30% of the annual net ecosystem carbon exchange of this ecosystem. Drawing on weather and damage survey data from the entire storm cell, the amount of C transferred from the living to the dead biomass pool (26.5 +/- 3.3 Tg C), 85% of which will decompose within 25 years, was equivalent to similar to 10% of the estimated annual sequestration in conterminous U. S. forests. Conifer trees were more than twice as likely to be killed as leafless deciduous broadleaf trees. In the Duke Forest case study, nitrogen fertilization had no effect on storm-induced carbon transfer from the living to detrital pool while thinning increased carbon transfer threefold. Elevated CO2 ( administered with the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system) reduced the storminduced carbon transfer to a third. Because of the lesser leaf area reduction, plots growing under elevated CO2 also exhibited a smaller reduction in biomass production the following year. These results suggest that forests may suffer less damage during each ice storm event of similar severity in a future with higher atmospheric CO2. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP McCarthy, HR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM hrm@duke.edu RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; OI McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D15 AR D15103 DI 10.1029/2005JD006428 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 074BI UT WOS:000239786800002 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Nomenclatural validation of three North American species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and the adult description of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE new species; Schinia; Heliolonche; redescription ID COMPLEX AB Article 13.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature states that names published after 1930 must have a description that defines and differentiates the taxon with characters. Three species of Heliothinae described by Hardwick ( 1996) are not in conformance with this Article; thus, they are nomina nuda. The following species are validated by descriptions and illustrations of the adult and genitalia: Schinia angulilinea new species (= S. arizonensis Hardwick), S. maculata new species (= S. blanca Hardwick), and S. erythrias new species (= S. pulchra Hardwick). The adult of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick is described, along with illustrations of the adult and genitalia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 7 PY 2006 IS 1283 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 072II UT WOS:000239666700002 ER PT J AU Porporato, A Vico, G Fay, PA AF Porporato, Amilcare Vico, Giulia Fay, Philip A. TI Superstatistics of hydro-climatic fluctuations and interannual ecosystem productivity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL-MOISTURE; PREFERENTIAL STATES; ACTIVE-ROLE; DYNAMICS; STRESS; PLANTS; VARIABILITY; IMPACT AB Ecosystems driven by hydro-climatic fluctuations at different time scales can be interpreted as non-equilibrium dynamical systems. Here we explore the propagation of daily and interannual rainfall fluctuations through the soil-plant system using the theory of superstatistics. With the help of simplified stochastic models of rainfall, we show how interactions of daily and interannual rainfall fluctuations may qualitatively change the probability distributions of rainfall toward higher frequencies of extreme droughts and intense storms. This in turn is likely to induce marked changes in productivity of mesic ecosystems, while more xeric ecosystems might be insensitive or even benefit from them. This study provides a theoretical basis for predictions of ecosystem responses to the increased precipitation variability expected in future North American climate regimes. C1 Duke Univ, Edmund T Pratt Jr Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Porporato, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Edmund T Pratt Jr Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM amilcare@duke.edu RI Vico, Giulia/A-6296-2010; OI Vico, Giulia/0000-0002-7849-2653; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 15 AR L15402 DI 10.1029/2006GL026412 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 071JF UT WOS:000239596800004 ER PT J AU Kaewsuwan, S Cahoon, EB Perroud, PF Wiwat, C Panvisavas, N Quatrano, RS Cove, DJ Bunyapraphatsara, N AF Kaewsuwan, Songsri Cahoon, Edgar B. Perroud, Pierre-Francois Wiwat, Chanpen Panvisavas, Nathinee Quatrano, Ralph S. Cove, David J. Bunyapraphatsara, Nuntavan TI Identification and functional characterization of the moss Physcomitrella patens Delta(5)-desaturase gene involved in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; MOLD DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DESATURASE GENE; ELECTRON-DONOR; ENZYME; CYTOCHROME-B5 AB The moss Physcomitrella patens contains high levels of arachidonic acid and lesser amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid. Here we report the identification and characterization of a Delta(5)-desaturase from P. patens that is associated with the synthesis of these fatty acids. A full-length cDNA for this desaturase was identified by data base searches based on homology to sequences of known Delta(5)-desaturase cDNAs from fungal and algal species. The resulting P. patens cDNA encodes a 480-amino acid polypeptide that contains a predicted N-terminal cytochrome b(5)-like domain as well as three histidine-rich domains. Expression of the enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the production of the Delta(5)-containing fatty acid arachidonic acid in cells that were provided di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid. In addition, the expressed enzyme generated Delta(5)-desaturation products with the C20 substrates omega-6 eicosadienoic and omega-3 eicosatrienoic acids, but no products were detected with the C18 fatty acid linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids or with the C22 fatty acid adrenic and docosapentaenoic acids. When the corresponding P. patens genomic sequence was disrupted by replacement through homologous recombination, a dramatic alteration in the fatty acid composition was observed, i. e. an increase in di-homo-gamma-linolenic and eicosatetraenoic acids accompanied by a concomitant disappearance of the Delta(5)-fatty acid arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In addition, overexpression of the P. patens cDNA in protoplasts isolated from a disrupted line resulted in the restoration of arachidonic acid synthesis. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Plant Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Quatrano, RS (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, 447 Sri Ayudhya Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM rsq@biology.wustl.edu; pynby@mahidol.ac.th NR 49 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 31 BP 21988 EP 21997 DI 10.1074/jbc.M603022200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 068PO UT WOS:000239387100045 PM 16728405 ER PT J AU Al-Sady, B Ni, WM Kircher, S Schafer, E Quail, PH AF Al-Sady, Bassem Ni, Weimin Kircher, Stefan Schaefer, Eberhard Quail, Peter H. TI Photoactivated phytochrome induces rapid PIF3 phosphorylation prior to proteasorne-mediated degradation SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INTERACTING FACTOR-3; LIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS; BINDING; PROTEINS; GENES AB Following light-induced nuclear translocation, specific members of the phytochrome (phy) photoreceptor family (phyA to phyE) interact with bHLH transcription factors, such as PIF3, and induce changes in targetgene expression. The biochemical mechanism comprising signal transfer from phy to PIF3 has remained undefined but results in rapid degradation of PIF3. We provide evidence that photoactivation of phy induces rapid in vivo phosphorylation of PIF3 preceding degradation. Both phyA and phyB redundantly induce this PIF3 phosphorylation, as well as nuclear speckle formation and degradation, by direct interaction with PIF3 via separate binding sites. These data suggest that phy-induced phosphorylation of proteins such as PIF3 may represent the primary intermolecular signaling transaction of the activated photoreceptor, tagging the target protein for proteosomal degradation, possibly in nuclear speckles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 2, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 24 TC 209 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 24 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 074IK UT WOS:000239805700014 PM 16885032 ER PT J AU Donato, DC Fontaine, JB Campbell, JL Robinson, WD Kauffman, JB Law, BE AF Donato, D. C. Fontaine, J. B. Campbell, J. L. Robinson, W. D. Kauffman, J. B. Law, B. E. TI Response to comments on "Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FORESTS AB We reported that postfire logging 2 to 3 years after the 2002 Biscuit Fire was associated with significant mortality in natural conifer regeneration and elevated potential fire behavior in the short term as a result of increased surface fuel loads. We underscore the strength of our study design and statistical conclusions, provide additional details of the research setting and scope, and address comments pertinent to forest development and fire ecology. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Donato, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dan.donato@oregonstate.edu OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5787 DI 10.1126/science.1126583 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072IQ UT WOS:000239667500022 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Fellers, JP Zhu, YC Stuart, JJ Hulbert, S El-Bouhssini, M Liu, X AF Chen, Ming-Shun Fellers, John P. Zhu, Yu Cheng Stuart, Jeffrey J. Hulbert, Scot El-Bouhssini, Mustapha Liu, Xiang TI A super-family of genes coding for secreted salivary gland proteins from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gene superfamily; gene cluster ID CECIDOMYIIDAE POPULATIONS; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; AVIRULENCE GENES; RESISTANCE GENES; UNITED-STATES; WHEAT; ABILITY AB We have previously characterized a gene coding for the secreted-salivary-gland-protein 11A1 (SSGP-11A1) from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera Cecidomyiidae). Here we report the cloning and characterization of three new genes coding for proteins designated SSGP-11B1, SSGP-11C1, and SSGP-11C2, and their relationship with the SSGP-11A1-encoding gene. Based on their structural conservation, similar regulation, and clustered genomic organization, we conclude that the four genes represent a gene superfamily, designated SSGP-11, which originated from a common ancestor. Cloning, Southern blot and in situ hybridization data suggest that each of the SSGP-11 families has multiple members that cluster within short chromosome regions. The presence of a secretion signal peptide, the exclusive expression in the larval stage, and the clustered genomic organization indicate that this superfamily might be important for Hessian fly virulence/avirulence. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4007 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ming-shun.chen@gmprc.ksu.edu; scot_hulbert@wsu.edu; m.bohssini@cgiar.org; xiang@ksu.edu NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 12 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 093ZL UT WOS:000241208700001 ER PT J AU Levinson, WE Kurtzman, CP Kuo, TM AF Levinson, William E. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Kuo, Tsung Min TI Production of itaconic acid by Pseudozyma antarctica NRRL Y-7808 under nitrogen-limited growth conditions SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE itaconic acid; nitrogen limitation; Pseudozyma antarctica NRRL Y-7808; sugar utilization; bioreactor ID CITRIC-ACID AB Pseudozyma antarctica NRRLY-7808 was found to produce itaconic acid from glucose and other sugars under nitrogen-limited growth conditions. Other Pseudozyma strains screened, including a second strain of R antarctica, did not produce this product; therefore itaconic acid production is not a common trait of the genus. Glucose and fructose were the most efficiently utilized substrates, followed by sucrose and maltose; lactose and glycerol were the poorest substrates. The maximum yield in flask experiments was 37.5% (approximately 30 g/L itaconic acid from 80 g/L glucose). The maximum rate of production in flask cultures was 248 mg L-1 h(-1) at a C/N ratio of 116, while the best combination of rate and yield was produced at a C/N ratio of 175 (230 mg L-1 h(-1) and 29%, respectively). A stirred-tank reactor process study resulted in a 20% yield and volumetric production rate of 110 mg L-1 h(-1). Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 4 BP 824 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.01.005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 062GL UT WOS:000238932500046 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Chen, Y Sachinvala, ND Sun, L AF Parikh, D. V. Chen, Y. Sachinvala, N. D. Sun, L. TI Sound dampening by velour nonwoven systems in automobiles SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE acoustics; automotive textiles; floor coverings; nonwovens; trunk linings; velour AB Using ASTM E 1050, the sound absorption coefficients of four aesthetically pleasing (to vision and touch) velour nonwoven fabrics, and of the stacked velour fabrics and high-loft pads that make trunk lining systems, were determined. The trunk lining systems have excellent sound absorption capabilities (e.g., coefficients of 0.825-0.995 at 3,000 Hz and 0.735-0.995 at 2,500 Hz) and are used as soundproofing materials in European automobiles. Velour nonwovens are attractive because of the silky, soft hand of the short, thick pile giving a rich textile-like feel that is compliant, pliable, and inexpensive. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 109BC UT WOS:000242281900009 ER PT J AU Parker, TJ Clancy, KM Mathiasen, RL AF Parker, Thomas J. Clancy, Karen M. Mathiasen, Robert L. TI Interactions among fire, insects and pathogens in coniferous forests of the interior western United States and Canada SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bark beetles; conifers; dwarf mistletoes; fire suppression; fuel accumulation; fungal pathogens; insect biodiversity; prescribed fire; soil organisms; wood borers ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; LODGEPOLE PINE; BARK BEETLES; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE; DISTURBANCE REGIME; ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE AB 1 Natural and recurring disturbances caused by fire, native forest insects and pathogens have interacted for millennia to create and maintain forests dominated by seral or pioneering species of conifers in the interior regions of the western United States and Canada. 2 Changes in fire suppression and other factors in the last century have altered the species composition and increased the density of trees in many western forests. leading to concomitant changes in how these three disturbance agents interact. 3 Two- and three-way interactions are reviewed that involve fire, insects and pathogens in these forests, including fire-induced pathogen infection and insect attack, the effects of tree mortality from insects and diseases on fuel accumulation, and efforts to model these interactions. 4 The emerging concern is highlighted regarding how the amount and distribution of bark beetle-caused tree mortality will be affected by large-scale restoration of these fire-adapted forest ecosystems via prescribed fire. 5 The effects of fire on soil insects and pathogens, and on biodiversity of ground-dwelling arthropods, are examined. 6 The effects of fire suppression on forest susceptibility to insects and pathogens, are discussed, as is the use of prescribed fire to control forest pests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Clancy, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kclancy@fs.fed.us NR 203 TC 109 Z9 122 U1 6 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 167 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00305.x PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 079JU UT WOS:000240172900001 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Stein, JD Owen, DA Webster, JN Fiddler, GO Mori, SR Wood, DL AF Gillette, Nancy E. Stein, John D. Owen, Donald A. Webster, Jeffrey N. Fiddler, Gary O. Mori, Sylvia R. Wood, David L. TI Verbenone-releasing flakes protect individual Pinus contorta trees from attack by Dendroctonus ponderosae and Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera : Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE individual tree protection; lodgepole pine; mountain pine beetle; pheromones; Pinaceae; red turpentine beetle; Scolytinae; Scolytidae; semiochemicals; 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1)hept-3-en-2-one ID NONHOST ANGIOSPERM VOLATILES; ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION; LODGEPOLE PINE; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; BREVICOMIS COLEOPTERA; REDUCES ATTACK; WHITEBARK-PINE; PHEROMONE AB 1 In a study site in interior northern California, twenty individual lodoepole pines Pinus contorta were sprayed with a suspension of DISRUPT Micro-Flake (R) Verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1)hept-3-en-2-one) Bark Beetle Anti-Aggregant flakes (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, Pennsylvania) in water, with sticker and thickener, from ground level to a height of 7 m. Twenty trees sprayed with just water, sticker and thickener served as controls. All trees were baited immediately after spraying with mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae aggregation pheromone lures, and lures were refreshed after 4 weeks. 2 Trees treated with verbenone had significantly lower attack density by D. ponderosae than controls at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after application of flakes. 3 None of the treated trees was attacked by red turpentine beetle Dendroctonus valens, whereas control trees averaged nearly two D. valens attacks per tree, 8 weeks after treatment. 4 A dry frass index, used to predict ultimate tree mortality, was significantly higher in control trees than treated trees for all four sampling intervals. This index proved to be a significant predictor of ultimate tree mortality. 5 Ten months after application, treated trees showed significantly lower mortality than control trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Total Forestry, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Redding Silviculture Lab, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us NR 78 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00303.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 079JU UT WOS:000240172900007 ER PT J AU Cargel, RA Rinderer, TE AF Cargel, Robin A. Rinderer, Thomas E. TI Queen cell acceptance in laying worker colonies of Russian and Italian honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE requeen; Apis mellifera; laying worker; queenless ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; PHEROMONE; REPRODUCTION; SUBSTANCE AB Honey bee colonies that have become queenless and develop laying workers are considered lost by beekeepers since they can rarely be requeened by introducing an adult queen. We tested the hypothesis that such colonies could be successfully requeened with queen cells. The results showed that both Russian and Italian colonies could be requeened with queen cells. Overall, about 60% of colonies were successfully requeened with equal success for Russian and Italian colonies. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Cargel, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM RCargel@ars.usda.gov; TRinderer@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 146 IS 8 BP 698 EP 700 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SO UT WOS:000240971800019 ER PT J AU McDermott, AY Mernitz, H AF McDermott, Ann Yelmokas Mernitz, Heather TI Exercise and older patients: Prescribing guidelines SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HOME-BASED EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WOMEN; COMMUNICATION; MORTALITY; ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; FALLS; MEN AB A combination of aerobic activity, strength training, and flexibility exercises, plus increased general daily activity can reduce medication dependence and health care costs while maintaining functional independence and improving quality of life in older adults. However, patients often do not benefit fully from exercise prescriptions because they receive vague or inappropriate instructions. Effective exercise prescriptions include recommendations on frequency, intensity, type, time, and progression of exercise that follow disease-specific guidelines. Changes in physical activity require multiple motivational strategies including exercise instruction as well as goal-setting, self-monitoring, and problem-solving education. Helping patients identify emotionally rewarding and physically appropriate activities, contingencies, and social support will increase exercise continuation rates and facilitate desirable health outcomes. Through patient contact and community advocacy, physicians can promote lifestyle patterns that are essential for healthy aging. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McDermott, AY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Room 527,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ann.mcdermott@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [F32-DK0645121-03] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070NP UT WOS:000239529800009 PM 16913163 ER PT J AU Yen, ST Lin, BH AF Yen, Steven T. Lin, Biing-Hwan TI A sample selection approach to censored demand systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE censoring; China; meat; sample selection; translog demand system ID NONNEGATIVITY CONSTRAINTS; 2-STEP ESTIMATION; LIKELIHOOD; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS; MODELS AB The multivariate sample selection model is extended to a nonlinear equation system with partial selection and applied to household meat consumption in China. Elasticity estimates differ from those obtained from conventional maximum likelihood and Tobit estimates. Chinese meat products are gross complements while net substitution also exists in some cases. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Yen, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 BP 742 EP 749 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00892.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 066CT UT WOS:000239208000016 ER PT J AU Millen, BE Pencina, MJ Kimokoti, RW Zhu, L Meigs, JB Ordovas, JM D'Agostino, RB AF Millen, Barbara E. Pencina, Michael J. Kimokoti, Ruth W. Zhu, Lei Meigs, James B. Ordovas, Jose M. D'Agostino, Ralph B. TI Nutritional risk and the metabolic syndrome in women: opportunities for preventive intervention from the Framingham Nutrition Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE composite nutritional risk; dietary quality; ischemic heart disease risk; metabolic syndrome; abdominal obesity ID MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; DIETARY PATTERN-ANALYSIS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HEALTHY EATING INDEX; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; KOREAN ADULTS AB Background: Diet is recognized as a key factor in the cause and management of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, policies to guide preventive clinical nutrition interventions of the condition are limited. Objectives: We examined the relation between dietary quality and incident MetS in adult women and identified foci for preventive nutrition interventions. Design: This was a prospective study of 300 healthy women (aged 30-69 y) in the Framingham Offspring-Spouse study who were free of MetS risk factors at baseline. The development of individual MetS traits and overall MetS status during 12 y of follow-up were compared in women by tertile of nutritional risk, based on intake of 19 nutrients. Multivariate logistic regression models considered age, smoking, physical activity, and menopausal status. Results: Baseline age-adjusted mean nutrient intake and ischemic heart disease risk profiles differed by tertile of nutritional risk. Women with higher nutritional risk profiles consumed more dietary lipids (total, saturated, and monounsaturated fats) and alcohol and less fiber and micronutrients; they had higher cigarette use and waist circumferences. Compared with women with the lowest nutritional risk, those in the highest tertile had a 2- to 3-fold risk of the development of abdominal obesity and overall MetS during 12 y of follow-up [odds ratio: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.3) and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.2, 7.6), respectively]. Conclusions: Higher composite nutritional risk predicts the development of abdominal obesity and MetS during long-term follow-up in healthy women, independent of lifestyle and ischemic heart disease risk factors. Preventive nutrition interventions for obesity and MetS risk reduction should focus on the overall nutritional quality of women's dietary profiles. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Grad Med Sci Div, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Massachusetts Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Millen, BE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, 1 Boston Med Ctr Plaza,Dowling 5, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM bmillen@bu.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195, R01-HL-54776, R01-HL-60700] NR 58 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 434 EP 441 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 072LG UT WOS:000239674300025 PM 16895895 ER PT J AU Sacheck, JM Cannon, JG Hamada, K Vannier, E Blumberg, JB Roubenoff, R AF Sacheck, Jennifer M. Cannon, Joseph G. Hamada, Koichiro Vannier, Edouard Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Roubenoff, Ronenn TI Age-related loss of associations between acute exercise-induced IL-6 and oxidative stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE interleukin-6; soluble interleukin-6 receptors; glycoprotein 130; F-2 alpha-isoprostanes; C-reactive protein; oxygen radical absorbance capacity ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; OLDER MEN AB IL-6 mediates many aspects of the exercise-induced acute-phase response, including upregulation of antioxidant defenses. Moreover, IL-6 synthesis is regulated in part by oxidative stress. This investigation tested the hypothesis that an IL-6-mediated acute-phase response after exercise provides negative-feedback protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Healthy young (n = 16, 26.4 +/- 1.8 yr) and older men (n = 16, 71.1 +/- 2.0 yr) ran downhill for 45 min at 75% maximal oxygen consumption before and after a 12-wk period of supplementation with vitamin E (1,000 IU/day) or placebo. Circulating IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors, peripheral mononuclear cell production of IL-6, and IL-6 transcripts in muscle were measured before and within a 72-h time window after each acute exercise bout. At all time points plasma IL-6, IL-6 bioavailability, and C-reactive protein were higher in the older men; yet in response to exercise, young and older subjects experienced similar increases in these factors. Although the magnitude of postexercise changes in acute-phase variables was independent of age, correlations among plasma, mononuclear cell, and muscle IL-6 and oxidative stress were evident only in young men (R-2 = 0.64, 0.35, and 0.33, respectively). These changes in circulating IL-6 were closely associated with a prooxidant state (R-2 = 0.47), whereas muscle IL-6 mRNA correlated with an antioxidant state (R-2 = 0.65). Supplementation with vitamin E did not affect exercise-induced responses or differences between the young and old men in a consistent manner. Therefore, oxidative stress is linked to the acute-phase response after exercise in young men, but not in older men who had elevated acute-phase reactants, suggesting that further research is warranted to determine the basis for these differences. C1 Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Pol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Saga Nutraceut Res Inst, Saga, Japan. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. RP Sacheck, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Pol, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jennifer.sacheck@tufts.edu NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP E340 EP E349 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2005 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 060ZO UT WOS:000238841200018 PM 16507605 ER PT J AU Metwali, A Setiawan, T Blum, AM Urban, J Elliott, DE Hang, L Weinstock, JV AF Metwali, Ahmed Setiawan, Tommy Blum, Arthur M. Urban, Joseph Elliott, David E. Hang, Long Weinstock, Joel V. TI Induction of CD8(+) regulatory T cells in the intestine by Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflammatory bowel disease; helminths; T cells; lamina propria ID TRICHURIS-SUIS THERAPY; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IL-10-DEFICIENT MICE; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INDUCED COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; TGF-BETA; REACTIVITY AB This study determined whether Heligmosomoides polygyrus induces intestinal regulatory T cells. Splenic T cells proliferate strongly when cultured with anti-CD3 and antigen-presenting cells (APC). Lamina propria T cells from mice with H. polygyrus mixed with normal splenic T cells from uninfected mice inhibited proliferation over 90%. Lamina propria T cells from mice without H. polygyrus only modestly affected T cell proliferation. The worm-induced regulatory T cell was CD8(+) and required splenic T cell contact to inhibit proliferation. The regulation also was IL-10 independent, but TAP-dependent, suggesting that it requires major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I interaction. Additional studies employed mice with transgenic T cells that did not express functional TGF-beta receptors. The lamina propria T regulator inhibited proliferation of these transgenic T cells nearly 100%, suggesting that TGF-beta signaling via the T cell was not required. CD8(+) T cells were needed for worms to reverse piroxicam-induced colitis in Rag mice ( T and B cell deficient) reconstituted with IL-10(-/-) T cells. Thus H. polygyrus induces a regulatory CD8(+) lamina propria T cell that inhibits T cell proliferation and that appears to have a role in control of colitis. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Weinstock, JV (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 750 Washington St,Box 233, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jweinstock2@tufts-nemc.org OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-07663, DK-38327, DK-25295, DK-58755] NR 32 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP G253 EP G259 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00409.2005 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 060ZP UT WOS:000238841300011 PM 16825660 ER PT J AU Lewis, GS Wulster-Radcliffe, MC AF Lewis, Gregory S. Wulster-Radcliffe, Meghan C. TI Prostaglandin F-2 alpha upregulates uterine immune defenses in the presence of the immunosuppressive steroid progesterone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; progesterone; prostaglandins; sheep; uterine diseases; infection ID BOVINE ENDOMETRIAL CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INFECTIOUS BACTERIA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; DAIRY-COWS; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; INTERLEUKIN-8 PRODUCTION; POSTPARTUM EWES; FETAL MEMBRANES AB Problem Uterine infections often develop in some livestock species during the first luteal phase postpartum. Exogenous prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) induces luteolysis, reduces progesterone, and enables the uterus to resolve infections. However, the effects of PGF(2 alpha) on luteal function and on immune functions are confounded. These effects must be disentangled to determine whether alternatives to antibiotic treatments can be successfully developed. Method of study Treatments were in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were ovariectomy or sham on day 0 (i.e. estrus), exogenous progesterone or sesame oil from day 0 to 11, and exogenous PGF(2 alpha) or saline on day 9. Intrauterine inoculations with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli were administered on day 6. Results Ewes treated with exogenous PGF(2 alpha) either did not have uterine infections, infections were less severe, or infections were resolving when uteri were examined on day 12, despite increased progesterone. Conclusions Exogenous PGF(2 alpha) has effects on the resolution of uterine infections that are independent of its effects on luteal progesterone production. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM glewis@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1046-7408 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00391.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 060MS UT WOS:000238806900004 PM 16836612 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ AF Price, Neil P. J. TI Oligosaccharide structures studied by hydrogen-deuterium exchange and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; TETRASACCHARIDE STACHYOSE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHASE; PROTEINS; ERYTHROMYCIN AB Hydrogen-deuterium exchange matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HX-MALDI-TOF MS) is reported for the determination of exchangeable protons in diverse oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate structures. The method has broad application for determining carbohydrate structure and conformation and to the study of carbohydrate-ligand interactions. The proton exchange process has been optimized to maximize the forward deuterium exchange and to suppress the well-known problem of back-exchange and is suitable for the analysis of all exchangeable proton types in carbohydrates. This has been validated for several diverse carbohydrate structures, including series of malto- and xylopyranose oligosaccharides; alpha- and, beta-cyclodextrins; a nonreducing tetrasaccharide, stachyose; an N-acetylamide-containing oligosaccharide, chitotetraose; and a tertiary hydroxyl-containing antibiotic glycoconjugate, erythromycin. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [U01 DE016267-02] NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5302 EP 5308 DI 10.1021/ac052168e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100018 PM 16878863 ER PT J AU Stephens, PA Zaumyslova, OY Miquelle, DG Myslenkov, AI Hayward, GD AF Stephens, P. A. Zaumyslova, O. Yu. Miquelle, D. G. Myslenkov, A. I. Hayward, G. D. TI Estimating population density from indirect sign: track counts and the Formozov-Malyshev-Pereleshin formula SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE animal movements; census techniques; population size; Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik; ungulate population density; winter transect counts ID PHOTOGRAPHIC RATES; CRYPTIC MAMMALS; TIGER POPULATIONS; AERIAL SURVEY; ABUNDANCE; ANIMALS; SCIENCE; FIELD; SNOW AB For many purposes it is often desirable to estimate animal population densities over large areas. Where total counts are not possible and sightings are relatively rare, a range of methods exists to estimate densities from indirect sign. Such methods are frequently unreliable and usually require independent calibration or confirmation. We present an analytical method for estimating population density from track counts. The method, widely known in the Russian Federation but not in the English language scientific literature, requires counts of tracks of known age, together with estimates of animal daily travel distances. We use simulations to verify the theoretical basis of the approach and to indicate potential precision that may be achieved. We illustrate application of the approach using a large data set on ungulate track counts in the Russian Far East. We suggest that under most circumstances, nonparametric bootstrapping will be the most appropriate method for deriving estimates of confidence intervals about density estimates. As with other approaches to estimating density from indirect sign, the method that we discuss is vulnerable to violations of an array of underlying assumptions. However, it is easily applied and could represent an important method by which the relationship between indices of abundance and absolute density can be understood. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Sikhote Alin State Biosphere Zapovednik, Terney, Primorski Krai, Russia. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Russian Far E Program, Vladivostok, Primorski Krai, Russia. Lazovsky State Zapovednik, Lazo, Primorski Krai, Russia. USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Reg, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Stephens, PA (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. EM Philip.stephens@bristol.ac.uk RI Stephens, Philip/B-8397-2008 OI Stephens, Philip/0000-0001-5849-788X NR 35 TC 45 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00044.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064TS UT WOS:000239112600016 ER PT J AU Atzmon, G Ronin, YI Korol, A Yonash, N Cheng, H Hillel, J AF Atzmon, G. Ronin, Y. I. Korol, A. Yonash, N. Cheng, H. Hillel, J. TI QTLs associated with growth traits and abdominal fat weight and their interactions with gender and hatch in commercial meat-type chickens SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE broilers; chicken; gender; hatch; interactions; maximum likelihood; quantitative trait loci ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; LOCI AB Associations between microsatellite markers and traits related to growth and fatness were investigated using resource broiler population. A sire-line x dam-line F-1 male was backcrossed to 12 dam-line females to produce 24 sires and 47 dams of the backcross 1 (BC1) generation. These 71 parents were genotyped with 76 microsatellite markers. Following full-sib mating among the parents, 234 BC1-F-2 progeny were phenotyped for five growth traits (body weight at 49 days from hatch, wog weight, front half weight, breast weight and tender weight) and abdominal fat weight. Maximum likelihood analysis was used to estimate the marker effects and to evaluate their statistical significance. Individual marker-trait analysis revealed 44 significant associations out of the 456 marker-trait combinations. Correction for multiple comparisons by controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) resulted in 12 significant associations at FDR = 10% with markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 5 and 13. Seventy-five percent of the 44 significant associations displayed no dependence on either hatch or gender; half of the remaining associations displayed dependence of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) effect on hatch x gender interaction. Thus, the analysed traits in this study may be dependent on external factors. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Inst Aging Res, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Inst Aging Res, Diabet Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. Hazera Genet Ltd, Mivhor REs Ctr, IL-79354 Darom, Israel. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Hillel, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM hillel@agri.huji.ac.il NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01487.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 064TN UT WOS:000239112100008 PM 16879345 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA AF Mousel, M. R. Nonneman, D. J. Rohrer, G. A. TI Rearranged gene order between pig and human in a quantitative trait loci region on SSC3 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ovulation rate; radiation hybrid mapping; swine ID RADIATION HYBRID PANEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COMPARATIVE MAP; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for ovulation rate on chromosome 3 that peaks at 36 cM has been identified in a Meishan-White composite resource population with an additive effect of 2.2 corpora lutea. As part of an effort to identify the responsible gene(s), typing of additional genes on the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid (IMpRH) map of SSC3 and comparative analysis of gene order was conducted. We placed 52 known genes and expressed sequence tags, two BAC-end sequences and one microsatellite (SB42) on a framework map that fills gaps on previous RH maps. Data were analysed for two-point and multipoint linkage with the IMpRH mapping tool and were submitted to the IMpRH database (http://imprh.toulouse.inra.fr/). Gene order was confirmed for 42 loci residing in the QTL region (spanning c. 17 Mb of human sequence) by using the high-resolution IMpRH2 panel. Carthagene (http://www.inra.fr/internet/departments/MIA/T/CarthaGene) was used to estimate multipoint marker distance and order using all public markers on SSC3 in the IMpRH database and those typed in this study. For the high-resolution map, only data for markers typed in both panels were used. Comparative analysis of human and porcine maps identified conservation of gene order for SSC3q and multiple blocks of conserved segments for SSC3p, which included six distinct segments of HSA7 and two segments of HSA16. The results of this study allow significant refinement of the SSC3p region that contains an ovulation rate QTL. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM rohrer@email.marc.usda.gov OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01489.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 064TN UT WOS:000239112100021 PM 16879358 ER PT J AU Tsai, S Cassady, JP Freking, BA Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA Piedrahita, JA AF Tsai, S. Cassady, J. P. Freking, B. A. Nonneman, D. J. Rohrer, G. A. Piedrahita, J. A. TI Annotation of the Affymetrix(1) porcine genome microarray SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENES C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Piedrahita, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jorge_piedrahita@ncsu.edu RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 2 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01460.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 064TN UT WOS:000239112100027 PM 16879364 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Wise, TH Rohrer, GA AF Kim, J. G. Nonneman, D. Vallet, J. L. Wise, T. H. Rohrer, G. A. TI Sequence variation and evaluation of inhibin alpha-subunit and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein for reproductive traits in swine SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID STAR GENE; PORCINE C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01467.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 064TN UT WOS:000239112100028 PM 16879365 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Winstral, AH AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Winstral, Adam H. TI Predicting germination response to temperature. II. Three-dimensional regression, statistical gridding and iterative-probit optimization using measured and interpolated-subpopulation data SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE thermal; germination; model; Elymus elymoides; Elymus lanceolatus; Poa secunda; Pseudoroegneria spicata ID HYDROTHERMAL TIME ANALYSIS; PRIMED GRASS SEEDS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; GRAIN LEGUMES; ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; MODELING GERMINATION; ENDOSPERM INTEGRITY; PRIMING TREATMENTS AB Background and Aims Most current thermal-germination models are parameterized with subpopulation-specific rate data, interpolated from cumulative-germination-response curves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative accuracy of three-dimensional models for predicting cumulative germination response to temperature. Three-dimensional models are relatively more efficient to implement than two-dimensional models and can be parameterized directly with measured data. Methods Seeds of four rangeland grass species were germinated over the constant-temperature range of 3 to 38 degrees C and monitored for subpopulation variability in germination-rate response. Models for estimating subpopulation germination rate were generated as a function of temperature using three-dimensional regression, statistical gridding and iterative-probit optimization using both measured and interpolated-subpopulation data as model inputs. Key Results Statistical gridding is more accurate than three-dimensional regression and iterative-probit optimization for modelling germination rate and germination time as a function of temperature and subpopulation. Optimization of the iterative-probit model lowers base-temperature estimates, relative to two-dimensional cardinal-temperature models, and results in an inability to resolve optimal-temperature coefficients as a function of subpopulation. Residual model error for the three-dimensional model was extremely high when parameterized with measured-subpopulation data. Use of measured data for model evaluation provided a more realistic estimate of predictive error than did evaluation of the larger set of interpolated-subpopulation data. Conclusions Statistical-gridding techniques may provide a relatively efficient method for estimating germination :response in situations where the primary objective is to estimate germination time. This methodology allows for direct use of germination data for model parameterization and automates the significant computational requirements of a two-dimensional piece-wise-linear model, previously shown to produce the most accurate estimates of germination time. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1093/aob/mcl112 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 071UX UT WOS:000239630500012 PM 16735412 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH Mulrow, CD AF Rosenberg, Irwin H. Mulrow, Cynthia D. TI Trials that matter: Should we routinely measure homocysteine levels and "treat" mild hyperhomocysteinemia? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STROKE; METAANALYSIS C1 Amer Coll Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mulrow, CD (reprint author), Amer Coll Physicians, 190 N Independence Mall W, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 3 BP 226 EP 227 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070MN UT WOS:000239526800009 PM 16880465 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Ashby, Richard D. Foglia, Thomas A. Marmer, William N. TI Conversion of agricultural feedstock and coproducts into poly(hydroxyalkanoates) SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE PHB; FED-BATCH CULTURE; SUGAR-BEET MOLASSES; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; POLYMER PRODUCTION; DIFFERENT CARBON AB Aside from their importance to the survival and general welfare of mankind, agriculture and its related industries produce large quantities of feedstocks and co-products that can be used as inexpensive substrates for fermentative processes. Successful adoption of these materials into commercial processes could further the realization of a biorefinery industry based on agriculturally derived feedstocks. One potential concept is the production of poly (hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers, a family of microbial biopolyesters with a myriad of possible monomeric compositions and performance properties. The economics for the fermentative production of PHA could benefit from the use of low-cost agricultural feedstocks and coproducts. This mini-review provides a brief survey of research performed in this area, with specific emphasis on studies describing the utilization of intact triacylglycerols (vegetable oils and animal fats), dairy whey, molasses, and meat-and-bone meal as substrates in the microbial synthesis of PHA polymers. C1 USDA, ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 71 IS 6 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0451-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 081YP UT WOS:000240353800002 PM 16708192 ER PT J AU Showler, AT James, WD Armstrong, JS Westbrook, JK AF Showler, Allan T. James, William D. Armstrong, John S. Westbrook, John K. TI An experiment using neutron activation analysis and a rare earth element to mark cotton plants and two insects that feed on them SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; boll weevil; cotton; marking; insects; neutron activation analysis; rare earth elements; samarium ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; DIATRAEA-GRANDIOSELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE; MAIZE PLANTS; NOCTUIDAE; DISPERSAL; CESIUM; DIET AB Studies on insect dispersal and other behaviors can benefit from using markers that will not alter flight and fitness. Rare earth elements, such as samarium (Sm), have been used as ingested markers of some insects and detected using neutron activation analysis (NAA). In this study, samarium nitrate hexahydrate was mixed into artificial diet for boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), at different dosages and in water used to irrigate cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Samarium was detected in adult boll weevils fed on the samarium-labeled diet, but not after 5 or 10 days of being switched to non-labeled diet, even if the insects were given labeled diet for as long as 7 consecutive days. Introduced in irrigation water, 1% samarium (m/m) was detectable in cotton squares and leaf tissue. However, boll weevil adults fed samarium-labeled squares did not retain detectable levels of samarium nor did boll weevil adults reared to adulthood from samarium-labeled squares. Fourth instar beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), fed on samarium-labeled cotton leaves obtained enough samarium for NAA detection, but adult moths reared from them did not have detectable amounts of samarium. Although samarium can be useful as a marker when insects are presented with a continuous pulse of the label, elements that are assimilated by the insect would be more useful if a continuous infusion of the marker cannot be provided. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ 3144, Elemental Anal Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, BIRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 8 BP 875 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.03.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 060NR UT WOS:000238809400004 PM 16713273 ER PT J AU Widmer, AM Carveth, CJ Keffler, JW Bonar, SA AF Widmer, Ann M. Carveth, Corissa J. Keffler, John W. Bonar, Scott A. TI Design of a computerized, temperature-controlled, recirculating aquaria system SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE temperature control; recirculating; mixing valves; fluctuations; temperature tolerance ID STREAM TEMPERATURE; AQUACULTURE; TOLERANCE; DYNAMICS; FISHES; TROUT AB We built a recirculating aquaria system with computerized temperature control to maintain static temperatures, increase temperatures 1 degrees C/day, and maintain diel temperature fluctuations up to 10 degrees C. A LabVIEW program compared the temperature recorded by thermocouples in fish tanks to a desired set temperature and then calculated the amount of hot or cold water to add to tanks to reach or maintain the desired temperature. Intellifaucet (R) three-way mixing valves controlled temperature of the input water and ensured that all fish tanks had the same turnover rate. The system was analyzed over a period of 50 days and was fully functional for 96% of that time. Six different temperature treatments were run simultaneously in 18, 72 L fish tanks and temperatures stayed within 0.5 degrees C of set temperature. We used the system to determine the upper temperature tolerance of fishes, but it could be used in aquaculture, ecological studies, or other aquatic work where temperature control is required. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Widmer, AM (reprint author), USDA, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM widmer@gmail.com NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.11.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 076UU UT WOS:000239984300005 ER PT J AU Ou, LT Thomas, JE Allen, LH Vu, JC Dickson, DW AF Ou, LT Thomas, JE Allen, LH Vu, JC Dickson, DW TI Effects of application methods of metam sodium and plastic covers on horizontal and vertical distributions of methyl isothiocyanate in bedded field plots SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; ORGANIC-MATTER; EMISSIONS; FUMIGANTS; TOMATO; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; FUMIGATION; MOISTURE AB This study was conducted to examine the effects of three application methods of metam sodium (broadcast, single irrigation drip tape delivery, and double irrigation drip tape delivery) and two plastic covers (polyethylene film and virtually impermeable film) on volatilization and on horizontal and vertical distributions of the biologically active product of metam sodium, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), in field plots in a Florida sandy soil. Volatilization of MITC from field beds lasted for about 20 hours after completion of metam sodium application regardless of application methods. Virtually impermeable film (VIF) was a better barrier to reduce volatilization loss than polyethylene film (PE). Since water was not applied during broadcast application, MITC was mainly retained in the shallow soil layer (0- to 20-cm depth) and downward movement of MITC was limited to about 30 cm. Large values of standard deviation indicated that initial spatial distribution of MITC in the root zone (10- and 20-cm depths) of the two broadcast applied beds covered with PE or VIF was variable. Twice more water was delivered through the single drip tape than through individual tapes of double drip tape treatments during drip application of metam sodium. More water from the single drip tape likely facilitated downward movement of MITC to at least 60-cm depth, but MITC did not penetrate to this depth in the double drip tape beds. On the other hand, horizontal distribution of MITC in the root zone (10- and 20-cm depths) in the double drip tape beds was more uniform than in the single drip tape beds. More MITC was retained in the subsurface of the VIF-covered beds regardless of application methods than in the PE-covered beds. C1 Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA Agron Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Entomol & Nematol Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ou, LT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, POB 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lto@ifas.ufl.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0185-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 054FL UT WOS:000238362100002 PM 16583255 ER PT J AU Sacks, FM Lichtenstein, A Van Horn, L Harris, W Kris-Etherton, P Winston, M AF Sacks, Frank M. Lichtenstein, Alice Van Horn, Linda Harris, William Kris-Etherton, Penny Winston, Mary TI Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health - A summary of a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPIDS; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CARE PROFESSIONALS; BLOOD-LIPIDS; DOUBLE-BLIND C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Mid Amer Heart Inst, St Lukes Hlth Syst, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Integrat Biosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sacks, FM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fsacks@hsph.harvard.edu NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1692 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000227471.00284.ef PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 068RF UT WOS:000239391400004 PM 16857959 ER PT J AU O'Neill, KP Richter, DD Kasischke, ES AF O'Neill, Katherine P. Richter, Daniel D. Kasischke, Eric S. TI Succession-driven changes in soil respiration following fire in black spruce stands of interior Alaska SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE boreal forests; carbon balance; CO2; decomposition; fire; microbial activity; moss ID BOREAL FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TAIGA FOREST; CANADA; PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION; SUBSTRATE; PATTERNS AB Boreal forests are highly susceptible to wildfire, and post-fire changes in soil temperature and moisture have the potential to transform large areas of the landscape from a net sink to a net source of carbon (C). Understanding the ecological controls that regulate these disturbance effects is critical to developing models of ecosystem response to changes in fire frequency and severity. This paper combines laboratory and field measurements along a chronosequence of burned black spruce stands into regression analyses and models that assess relationships between moss succession, soil microclimate, decomposition, and C source-sink dynamics. Results indicate that post-fire changes in temperature and substrate quality increased decomposition in humic materials by a factor of 3.0 to 4.0 in the first 7 years after fire. Bryophyte species exhibited a distinct successional pattern in the first five decades after fire that corresponded to decreased soil temperature and increased C accumulation in organic soils. Potential rates of C exchange in mosses were greatest in early successional species and declined as the stand matured. Residual sources of CO2 (those not attributed to moss respiration or humic decomposition) increased as a function of stand age, reflecting increased contributions from roots as the stand recovered from disturbance. Together, the field measurements, laboratory experiments, and models provide strong evidence that interactions between moss and plant succession, soil temperature, and soil moisture largely regulate C source-sink dynamics from black spruce systems in the first century following fire disturbance. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP O'Neill, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM katherine.oneill@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-5964-7 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077GF UT WOS:000240016200001 ER PT J AU Dasch, AA Blum, JD Eagar, C Fahey, TJ Driscoll, CT Siccama, TG AF Dasch, Amanda Ash Blum, Joel D. Eagar, Christopher Fahey, Timothy J. Driscoll, Charles T. Siccama, Thomas G. TI The relative uptake of Ca and Sr into tree foliage using a whole-watershed calcium addition SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; acid deposition; Betula alleghaniensis; biocycling; Ca; Fagus grandifolia; foliage; Sr isotopes ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; HUBBARD BROOK; WEATHERING RATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LANDSCAPE POSITION; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; SR-87/SR-86 RATIOS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM AB The use of strontium isotopes and ratios of alkaline earth elements (i.e., Sr-87/Sr-86 and Ca/Sr) to trace Ca sources to plants has become common in ecosystem studies. Here we examine the relative uptake of Ca and Sr in trees and subsequent accumulation in foliage. Using a whole-watershed Ca addition experiment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in N.H., we measured the uptake of Ca relative to Sr in foliage and roots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and red spruce (Picea rubens). Vegetation was analyzed for Ca and Sr concentrations and the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio. A comparison of the Ca/Sr ratio in the vegetation and the Ca/Sr ratio of the applied mineral allows for the calculation of a discrimination factor, which defines whether Ca and Sr are incorporated and allocated in the same ratio as that which is available. A discrimination factor greater than unity indicates preferential uptake of Ca over Sr; a factor less than unity reflects preferential uptake of Sr over Ca. We demonstrate that sugar maple (SM) and yellow birch (YB) have similar and small discrimination factors (1.14 +/- 0.12,1 sigma and 1.16 +/- 0.09,1 sigma) in foliage formation and discrimination factors of less than 1 in root formation (0.55-0.70). Uptake into beech suggests a larger discrimination factor (1.9 +/- 1.2) in foliage but a similar root discrimination factor to SM and YB (0.66 +/- 0.06,1 sigma). Incorporation into spruce foliage occurs at a much slower rate than in these other tree species and precludes evaluation of Ca and Sr discrimination in spruce foliage at this time. Understanding the degree to which Ca is fractionated from Sr in different species allows for refinement in the use of Sr-87/Sr-86 and Ca/Sr ratios to trace Ca sources to foliage. Methods from this study can be applied to natural environments in which various soil cation pools have different Sr-87/Sr-86 and Ca/Sr ratios. The results reported herein have implications for re-evaluating Ca sources and fluxes in forest ecosystems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Dasch, AA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM asha@umich.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 NR 50 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 21 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-6008-z PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 077GF UT WOS:000240016200002 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Smith, GC AF Sterner, Ray T. Smith, Graham C. TI Modelling wildlife rabies: Transmission, economics, and conservation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE benefit-cost analysis; conservation; disease; economics; models; rabies; vaccination; wildlife ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; FOXES VULPES-VULPES; UNITED-STATES; RED FOX; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; RACCOON RABIES; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; VACCINATION PROGRAM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of mammals; it exacerbates the uncertainty of conserving populations of some threatened mammals (TM). Modelling affords an inexpensive, a priori way of studying key parameters of wildlife rabies transmission, rabies management economics, and TM conservation. Numerous models of rabies transmission have been published. Linear density dependent models predicted that a threshold density (K-T <= 1.0), possibly attained by culling or contraception, would eliminate an epizootic through reduced contacts among host animals. Density independent models predicted less advantage of culling and contraception in rabies control due to limited contacts among territorial host animals. Recent stochastic, mixed models offer novel predictions about the role of culling, fertility control, and oral rabies vaccination (ORV) in disease management. Use of a "threshold successful contact" rate (C-T) as a parameter in these models predicts that density reduction of host animals will enhance ORV campaigns in non-TM contexts via more efficient bait delivery and vaccination. Economic analyses of medical, public health, and veterinary costs have shown post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and increased pet vaccinations (PV) to be major rabies-caused expenses during and after epizootics in North America. No modelling efforts have examined either the benefits-costs of rabies management strategies to conserve TM or the use of ORV, per se, to conserve TM - an omission due in part to the lack of methodologies for properly valuing TM (potential savings) and the expense or lower priority of using ORV for TM protection. This paper: (1) describes key aspects of rabies-transmission models in wildlife, (2) posits the use of CT to predict disease persistence, (3) reviews selected ORV strategies, economic studies, and benefit-cost models associated with the use of ORV as a means of rabies control in non-TM situations, (4) discusses implications of these models to the conservation of TM, and (5) recommends five steps to improve modelling of rabies transmission (wildlife disease in general), rabies-control economics, and TM conservation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov RI Smith, Graham/J-2593-2013 OI Smith, Graham/0000-0002-9897-6794 NR 131 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.004 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064DP UT WOS:000239069700003 ER PT J AU Park, Y Stanley, D AF Park, Y Stanley, D TI The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, impairs hemocytic immunity by inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis in adult crickets, Gryllus firmus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE insect immunity; eicosanoids; nodulation; microaggregation; PLA(2) activity; crickets ID PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); TOBACCO HORNWORMS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MICROAGGREGATION REACTIONS; TRYPANOSOMA-RANGELI; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; INSECT IMMUNITY; PROSTAGLANDINS; PROTECTION; NEMATODES AB The bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila (Poinar and Thomas), is an obligate symbiont of nematodes in the genus Steinernema and a lethal insect pathogen. We investigated the hypothesis that one aspect of the bacterial virulence is the ability of X. nematophila to severely impair host insect cellular immune reactions to infection by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis in the adult mate cricket, Gryllus firmus (Scudder). Infection with heat-killed X. nematophila resulted in significant and time-dependent increases in hemocyte microaggregation reactions (from approximately 20/mu l to nearly 100/mu l hemolymph), nodulation reactions (from approximately 1 nodule/cricket to about 4 nodules/cricket) and hemocytic phospholipase A(2) activity (from approximately 0.1 pmol hydrolyzed fatty acid/mg protein/h at 1 min post-injection to nearly 1.6 pmol hydrolyzed fatty acid/mg protein/h at 60 min post-injection). Infection with live bacteria did not stimulate increases in these three immune-related parameters-but did result in significant and time-dependent reduction in living hemocyte counts (from approximately 4400 hemocytes/mu l hemolymph to approximately 3200/mu l). Injecting the eicosanoid-precursor fatty acid, arachidonic acid, into crickets infected with live bacteria reversed the bacterial effect on microaggregation and nodulation reactions, on living hemocyte populations and on hemocytic PLA(2) activity. Our work indicates that X. nematophila is equipped with an arsenal of mechanisms to disable eicosanoid-dependent host immune responses to the bacterium and possibly its host nematode. The efficacy of insect pathogens in biological control programs is limited, in part, by host immune functions. The significance of our work lies in understanding and possibly manipulating microbial mechanisms of disabling insect immunity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1502 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057YA UT WOS:000238629900012 ER PT J AU de Leon, JH Jones, WA Samou, M Morgan, DJW AF de Leon, JH Jones, WA Samou, M Morgan, DJW TI Genetic and hybridization evidence confirms that a geographic population of Gonatocerus morrilli (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) from California is a new species: Egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Gonatocerus morrilli; egg parasitoids; biological control; Pierce's disease; Homalodisca coagulata; phylogenetics; DNA fingerprinting ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PIERCES-DISEASE; WOLBACHIA; INSECTS; BIOLOGY; DIFFERENTIATE AB We investigated the differentiation and reproductive isolation among different geographic populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata), to confirm previous observations that there may exist a cryptic species complex or a new species. Two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunits I (COI) and II (COII)] and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of several individuals per population were sequenced. G. morrilli populations from Texas (TX), Florida (FL), California (CA), and an outgroup (G. ashmeadi) were analyzed. For comparison, a population from Argentina (G. annulicornis) morphologically similar to G. morrilli was also included. For all three sequence fragments, percentage sequence divergence (%D) demonstrated that both the TX and FL populations (TX/FL) were closely related and therefore determined to be the same species; in contrast, the %D between TX/FL and CA fell within the range of the outgroup, making the CA population a new species or sp. n. Neighbor-joining distance trees also clustered the TX/FL and CA populations or species into two well supported distinctive clades. The near G. morrilli sp. n. was more closely related to G. annulicornis than to the TX/FL species. Mating studies demonstrated that the populations or species from CA and TX were reproductively incompatible, producing no female offspring in both direct and reciprocal crosses; whereas, the heterogamic crosses between TX and FL produced fertile offspring and relative compatibility indices similar to the homogamic crosses. Unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility was ruled out as a cause for the lack of reproduction since both males and females were infected in equal portions with Wolbachia. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Subrtop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Mt Rubidoux Field Stn, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP de Leon, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subrtop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jhleon@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 282 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.03.005 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 057YA UT WOS:000238629900016 ER PT J AU Fokialakis, N Kalpoutzakis, E Tekwani, BL Skaltsounis, AL Duke, SO AF Fokialakis, Nikolas Kalpoutzakis, Eleftherios Tekwani, Babu Lal Skaltsounis, Alexios Leandros Duke, Stephen Oscar TI Antileishmanial activity of natural diterpenes from Cistus sp and semisynthetic derivatives thereof SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cistus sp.; Leishmania donovani; cis-clerodane; labdane; manoyl oxide; diterpene; antileishmanial activity ID RESIN LADANO; CRETICUS AB Eleven cis-clerodane diterpenes, seven labdane type diterpenes and one triterpene isolated from Cistus monspeliensis and the resin "Ladano" of Cistus creticus subsp. creticus were evaluated against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, the causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, eleven semisynthetic manoyl oxide, seventeen labdane type derivatives and a triterpene were also evaluated for their antileishmanial activity. 18-Acetoxy-cis-clerod-3-en-15-ol, 15,18-diacetoxy-cis-clerod-3-ene and 13-(E)-8a-hydroxylabd-13-en-15-ol 2-chloroethylcarbamate exhibited the most potent and selective leishmanicidal activity with IC50 values of 3.3 mu g/ml, 3.4 mu g/ml and 3.5 mu g/ml, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Athens, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharm. Bull. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1775 EP 1778 DI 10.1248/bpb.29.1775 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 077TP UT WOS:000240053500047 PM 16880643 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Stanturf, JA AF Coleman, Mark D. Stanturf, John A. TI Biomass feedstock production systems: Economic and environmental benefits SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Disturbance & Management So Pine Ecosyst, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us; jstanturf@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.003 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400001 ER PT J AU Robison, TL Rousseau, RJ Zhang, J AF Robison, Terry L. Rousseau, Randall J. Zhang, Jianwei TI Biomass productivity improvement for eastern cottonwood SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE ecophysiology; Populus; short rotation woody crops; tree improvement ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.) is grown in plantations by MeadWestvaco for use at its Wickliffe Kentucky Fine Papers Mill(1). Genetic and productivity research over the past two decades have led to significant increases in biomass yield while reducing production costs. Initially, genetic research identified fast growing clones for sites along the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain near Wickliffe, Kentucky. Clone recommendations are refined continuously through testing, and we add new clones to the program to broaden the genetic base. Breeding and selection allow us to combine traits important to the paper making process in select clones. In 1996, a fiber farm was established, and additional genetic testing was needed to develop clones for this radically different production system. Biotechnological advances such as the use of genetic markers and transformation have proven their value for cottonwood, but regulatory approval is needed to commercialize this technology. Over the past five years, our plantation productivity research has reduced fiber production costs by defining optimal management regimes for alluvial and fiber farm sites. As research identifies the best herbicides, rates, and application times, chemical weed control use is increasing and gradually substituted for mechanical cultivation. Studies on planting dates and cutting length showed that successful plantations can be established in July to avoid spring floods, and long cuttings grow faster than shorter ones. Water, nutrient, and spacing studies indicated that initial fiber farm management regimes could be improved substantially. In addition, research on cottonwood leaf beetle showed that damage was minimized during the critical plantation establishment phase using an insecticide that is new to forestry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MeadWestvaco, Cent Forest Res Ctr, Wickliffe, KY 42087 USA. RP Robison, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM TerryLRobison@comcast.net NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.boimbioe.2006.01.012 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400006 ER PT J AU Coleman, M Tolsted, D Nichols, T Johnson, WD Wene, EG Houghtaling, T AF Coleman, Mark Tolsted, David Nichols, Tom Johnson, Wendell D. Wene, Edward G. Houghtaling, Tom TI Post-establishment fertilization of Minnesota hybrid poplar plantations SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE biomass; DRIS; forest tent caterpillar; growth efficiency; nutrient addition rate; optimal nutrition; short rotation woody crops; urea ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LEAF-AREA; STANDS; NITROGEN; DRIS; PRODUCTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES AB Experimental plantings were installed at five sites in three locations in western Minnesota. Aboveground biomass production increased 43-82% as a result of three annual applications of urea or balanced nutrient blend fertilizer beginning near canopy closure. There were no production differences between the type of fertilizer used, indicating that N was the major limiting nutrient. Responses were consistent from site to site, indicating that hybrid poplar stands in this region at this stage of development would be very responsive to fertilization. Leaf tissue N, P, and K concentrations increased in response to both fertilizer treatments; P and K increased more frequently in response to the blend treatment compared to the N-only urea treatment. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) indices indicated that the stands were near optimal nutritional balance prior to fertilization. Treatments increased individual leaf area and leaf litter production up to 33% and 37%, respectively. Canopy leaf area, leaf N concentration and the sum of DRIS indices were correlated with aboveground production. Growth efficiency, the ratio of production to canopy leaf area, increased with both fertilizer treatment and successive years of treatment, indicating improved stand vigor due to nutrient amendments. Stand production increased more in response to changes in leaf N concentration as stands aged. Plantation production continued to increase with increased internal N concentration even when deficiency levels or levels defined as sufficient for fast growth were exceeded. The correlation between aboveground production and the sum of DRIS indices shows that optimal nutrition at canopy closure may result in current aboveground dry matter production exceeding 13 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Multiple small-dose amendments appear to be effective in increasing production by maintaining high internal N concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29808 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, W Plains, MO 65775 USA. Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Univ Minnesota, Agr Utilizat Res Inst, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Minnesota Power, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. RP Coleman, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29808 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 740 EP 749 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.01.001 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400007 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Coleman, MD Durant, JA Newman, LA AF Coyle, David R. Coleman, Mark D. Durant, Jaclin A. Newman, Lee A. TI Survival and growth of 31 Populus clones in South Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE cottonwood; diameter; hybrid; irrigation; stem volume ID HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; PRODUCTIVITY; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; CUTTINGS; CULTURE; TRIALS; VOLUME AB Populus species and hybrids have many practical applications, but clonal performance is relatively undocumented in the southeastern United States outside of the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain. In spring 2001, 31 Populus clones were planted on two sites in South Carolina, USA. The sandy, upland site received irrigation and fertilization throughout the growing season, while the bottomland site received granular fertilizer yearly and irrigation in the first two years only. Over three growing seasons, tree survival and growth differed significantly among clones at both sites. Hybrid clones 145/51, Eridano, and NM6 had very high survival at both sites, while pure eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides) clones consistently had the lowest survival. Nearly all mortality occurred during the first year. The P. deltoides clone WV416 grew well at both sites, P. deltoides clones S13C20 and Kentucky 8 grew well at the bottomland site, and hybrids 184-411 and 52-225 grew well at the upland site. Based on both survival and growth, clones 311-93, S7C15, 184-411, and WV416 may warrant additional testing in the upper coastal plain region of the southeastern US. Kentucky 8 and S13C20 had excellent growth rates, but initial survival was low. However, this was likely due to planting stock quality. We emphasize this is preliminary information, and that clones should be followed through an entire rotation before large-scale deployment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 750 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.005 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400008 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Coleman, MD Durant, JA Newman, LA AF Coyle, David R. Coleman, Mark D. Durant, Jaclin A. Newman, Lee A. TI Multiple factors affect pest and pathogen damage on 31 Populus clones in South Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE Chrysomela scripta; clone; irrigation; Melampsora medusae; temporal variation; Tetra lobulifera ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; HYBRID POPLAR CLONES; MELAMPSORA-MEDUSAE; INSECT PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SELECTION; DISEASE; CONSEQUENCES; ERIOPHYIDAE AB Populus species and hybrids have many practical applications, but there is a paucity of data regarding selections that perform well in the southeastern US. We compared pest susceptibility of 31 Populus clones over 3 years in South Carolina, USA. Cuttings were planted in spring 2001 on two study sites. Clones planted in the bottomland site received granular fertilizer yearly and irrigation the first two years only, while those on the sandy, upland site received irrigation and fertilization throughout each growing season. Foliar damage by the cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta), cottonwood leafcurl mite (Tetra lobulifera), and poplar leaf rust (Melampsora medusae) was visually monitored several times each growing season. Damage ratings differed significantly among clones, and clonal rankings changed from year to year. Irrigation increased C. scripta and M. medusae damage, but had no effect on T lobulifera damage. Certain clones received greater pest damage at a particular study site. Temporal damage patterns were evident among individual clones and on each site. At the upland site, OP367 and 7300502 were highly resistant to all three pests; 145/51 was highly resistant to C. scripta and M. medusae; NM6 and 15-29 were highly resistant to M. medusae; and 7302801 was highly resistant to T lobulifera and M. medusae. At the bottomland site, NM6, Eridano, 145/51, and 7302801 were highly resistant to all three pests; clone 7300502 was highly resistant to M. medusae only. Based on this preliminary 3-year study of pest damage levels, we would recommend clones NM6, Eridano, 145/51, OP367, 15-29, 7302801, 7300502, and Kentucky 8 for use in this region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.019 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400009 ER PT J AU Davis, AA Trettin, CC AF Davis, A. A. Trettin, C. C. TI Sycamore and sweetgum plantation productivity on former agricultural land in South Carolina SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE Platanus occidentalis; Liquidambar styraciflua; short rotation woody crop; productivity; hardwood plantation ID SHORT-ROTATION POPLAR; UNITED-STATES; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; BIOENERGY PLANTATIONS; FOREST PLANTATIONS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; VINE COMPETITION; FIBER PRODUCTION; CROP PRODUCTION; CARBON STORAGE AB Former agricultural lands in the southern US comprise a significant land base to support short rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations. This study presents the seven-year response of productivity and biomass allocation in operational-scale, first rotation sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) plantations that were established on drained Ultisols which were historically planted in cotton and soybeans. Three plantation systems, sycamore open drainage, sycamore plus water management, and sweetgum open drainage were established on replicate 3.5-5.5 ha catchments. Height, diameter, and mortality were measured annually. Allometric equations, based on three, five, and seven year-old trees, were used to estimate aboveground biomass. Below-ground biomass was measured in year-five. Water management did not affect sycamore productivity, probably a result of a 5 year drought. The sycamore plantations were more productive after seven growing seasons than the sweetgum. Sycamore were twice the height (11.6 vs. 5.5 m); fifty percent larger in diameter (10.9 vs. 7.0 cm); and accrued more than twice the biomass (38-42 vs. 17 Mg ha(-1)) of the sweetgum. Sweetgum plantation productivity was constrained by localized areas of high mortality (up to 88%) and vegetative competition. Mean annual height increment has not culminated for either species. Diameter growth slowed in the sycamore during growing seasons five through seven, but was still increasing in the sweetgum. Both species had similar partitioning of above-ground (60% of total) and below-ground biomass (40% of total). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Trettin, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM ctrettin@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400010 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Wiese, AH Bauer, EO Riemenschneider, DE AF Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. Wiese, Adam H. Bauer, Edmund O. Riemenschneider, Don E. TI Sapflow of hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. x P-maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') during phytoremediation of landfill leachate SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE short-rotation woody crops; transpiration; water-use; Granier method; thermal dissipation method; sapwood; phreatophytes ID SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; HEAT PULSE TECHNIQUE; DOUGLAS-FIR; WATER RELATIONS; STAND TRANSPIRATION; SOIL-WATER; TREES; FOREST; CONDUCTANCE; WILLOW AB Poplars are ideal for phytoremediation because of their high water usage, fast growth, and deep root systems. We measured in 2002 and 2003 the sapflow of hybrid poplars (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') planted in 1999 for phytoremediation of a landfill in Rhinelander, WI, USA (45.6 degrees N, 89.4 degrees W). Mean sap velocity per tree was 100 +/- 10 and 120 +/- 10 mu m s(-1) for 2002 and 2003, respectively. Mean sapflow per tree was 1.4000 +/- 0.1698 and 5.6760 +/- 0.2997kgh(-1) for 2002 and 2003, respectively. Sapflow was negatively correlated with temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit for both years (0.002 < r(2) < 0.61). Sapflow increased as mean sapwood area increased from 43.8 +/- 2.6 to 122.3 +/- 7.6 cm(2) for 2002 and 2003, respectively (r(2) = 0.88). Individual-tree extrapolations using the mean tree approach were: 34 and 136 kg tree(-1) d(-1) for 2002 and 2003, respectively, and 612 and 2 448 kg tree(-1) 18-d-1 for 2002 and 2003, respectively. Extrapolations to the stand were 2.8 and 11.3 mm d(-1) (28.3 and 113.3Mgha(-1)d(-1)) for 2002 and 2003, respectively (assuming 833 trees ha(-1)), and 354 and I 416 mm yr(-1) (3.54 and 14.16 Gg ha(-1) yr(-1)) for 2002 and 2003, respectively (assuming a 125-d growing season). Thus, we believe NM6 and other superior-performing poplar genotypes exhibit great potential for phytoremediation applications where elevated water usage is critical. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 784 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400012 ER PT J AU Gallagher, T Shaffer, B Rummer, B AF Gallagher, Tom Shaffer, Bob Rummer, Bob TI An economic analysis of hardwood fiber production on dryland irrigated sites in the US Southeast SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE fiber farms; hardwood plantations; Populus deltoides; fertigation; intensive management AB Although there is renewed interest in intensively managed, short-rotation plantations as a source of hardwood for pulp mills, few have been established in the Southeast. Understanding all the costs associated with these plantations will help determine their feasibility. Using a model developed to summarize all the costs, a break-even analysis was completed to determine the delivered cost for plantations of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) from a hypothetical fiber farm in 2003. Using current yield from an experimental fiber farm, short-rotation cottonwood plantations were not cost effective, as delivered cost to a pulp mill averaged 78$ t(-1). If yield can be increased by 40% through improvements in genetics and silvicultural practices, delivered cost is reduced to 60$ t(-1). Thus, finding this additional yield is key to the cost feasibility of intensively managed, short-rotation hardwood plantations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Coll Nat Sci, Dept Forestry 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gallagher, T (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 3425 Forestry & Wildlife Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tgallagher@auburn.edu; rshaffer@vt.edu; rrummer@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 794 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.004 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400013 ER PT J AU Francis, RC Hanna, RB Shin, SJ Brown, AF Riemenschneider, DE AF Francis, R. C. Hanna, R. B. Shin, S. -J. Brown, A. F. Riemenschneider, D. E. TI Papermaking characteristics of three Populus clones grown in the north-central United States SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting on Biomass and Bioenergy Production for Economic and Environmental Benefits CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Charleston, SC SP Short Rotat Woody Crops Operat WG, Int Energy Agcy Bioenergy Task, Short Rotat Crops Bioenergy Syst, Int Union Forest Res Org Working Unit, Integrated Res Temperate Short Rotat Energy Plantat DE kraft pulps; Populus; lignin; microfibril angle; fiber properties ID MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; FIBER; WOOD; HARDWOODS; PULPS; YIELD; MAPLE; SODA AB The papermaking properties of 22 pure and hybrid poplars are being evaluated in an on-going investigation. Twenty of the poplars were harvested after 7.5 years from three different sites in the Midwestern and North Central US. The other 2 poplars survived at only two of three sites (64 total samples). The Crandon hybrid had the highest growth rate (t ha(-1) Y-1) and wood density (both averaged across the 3 sites). This poplar had a high cellulose content (compared to the average), a low lignin content and produced bleached kraft fibers at a high yield (wt.% on wood chips). Further, this poplar responded very well to kraft pulping and oxygen delignification and bleached to the highest final brightness ever observed in our laboratory (94.5% Elrepho). It also produced an 18 kappa number unbleached pulp with < 0.5% rejects in only two-thirds the time required for sugar maple (Acer saccharum). We also report on clone 220-5 that had the highest area-weighted average microfibril angle. Pulps from this poplar had excellent tensile properties and further improvements are expected with 1-2 years of additional growth that should result in a small, but significant increase in average fiber length. Some results are also presented for clone 313.55 and aspen (Populus tremuloides) to demonstrate the many substantial benefits that can be accrued from proper wood selection. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Paper Sci & Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Construct Management & Wood Prod Engn Fac, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Francis, RC (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Paper Sci & Engn, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM francis@syr.edu OI shin, soo-jeong/0000-0002-1484-1164 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 803 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.08.003 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 076TK UT WOS:000239980400014 ER PT J AU Divisova, J Kuiatse, I Lazard, Z Weiss, H Vreeland, F Hadsell, DL Schiff, R Osborne, CK Lee, AV AF Divisova, Jana Kuiatse, Isere Lazard, ZaWaunyka Weiss, Heidi Vreeland, Franzanne Hadsell, Darryl L. Schiff, Rachel Osborne, C. Kent Lee, Adrian V. TI The growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant blocks both mammary gland development and MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft growth SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; growth hormone; IGF-I; mammary gland; pegvisomant ID FACTOR-I LEVELS; IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-3; END BUD FORMATION; DUCTAL MORPHOGENESIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; FACTOR (IGF)-I; TUMOR-GROWTH; NUDE-MICE; INSULIN AB Mammary gland development is dependent upon the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis, this same axis has also been implicated in breast cancer progression. In this study we investigated the effect of a GH antagonist, pegvisomant (Somavert (R), Pfizer), on normal mammary gland development and breast cancer xenograft growth. Intraperitoneal administration of pegvisomant resulted in a 60% suppression of hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels and upto a 70 - 80% reduction of serum IGF-I levels. Pegvisomant administration to virgin female mice caused a significant delay of mammary ductal outgrowth that was associated with a decrease in the number of terminal end buds and reduced branching and complexity of the gland. This effect of pegvisomant was mediated by a complete inhibition of both GH and IGF-IR-mediated signaling within the gland. In breast cancer xenograft studies, pegvisomant caused shrinkage of MCF-7 xenografts, with an initial 30% reduction in tumor volume, which was associated with a 2-fold reduction in proliferation and a 2-fold induction of apoptosis. Long-term growth inhibition of MCF-7 xenografts was noted. In contrast, pegvisomant had no effect on MDA-231 or MDA-435 xenografts, consistent with primary growth of these xenografts being unresponsive to IGF-I both in vitro and in vivo. In MCF-7 xenografts that regressed, pegvisomant had only minor effects upon GHR and IGF-IR signaling. This data supports previous studies indicating a role for GH/IGF in mammary gland development, and suggests that pegvisomant maybe useful for the prevention and/or treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Pfizer Global Res & Dev, New London, CT 06320 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lee, AV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM avlee@breastcenter.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P01CA30195, CA94118, P20CA103698, P50CA58183] NR 52 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10549-006-9168-1 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 071IM UT WOS:000239593800010 PM 16541323 ER PT J AU Dosti, MP Mills, JP Simon, PW Tanumihardjo, SA AF Dosti, Mandy Porter Mills, Jordan P. Simon, Philipp W. Tanumihardjo, Sherry A. TI Bioavailability of beta-carotene (beta C) from purple carrots is the same as typical orange carrots while high-beta C carrots increase beta C stores in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; gerbils; vitamin A; carrots; biofortification ID VITAMIN-A STATUS; FRENCH PARADOX; BIOCONVERSION; CONVERSION; ANTHOCYANIN; ALCOHOL; RETINOL; MODEL; COLOR; FAT AB Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Biofortifying existing sources of beta-carotene (beta C) and increasing dietary beta C could help combat the issue. Two studies were performed to investigate the relative beta C bioavailability of a beta C supplement to purple, high-beta C orange, and typical orange carrots using Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In study 1, which used a traditional bioavailability design, gerbils (n 32) received a diet containing orange, purple, or white carrot powder, or white carrot powder +a beta C supplement. In study 2, which included beta C-biofortified carrots, gerbils (n 39) received orange, high-beta C orange, purple, or white carrot powder in their diet. Both studies lasted 21 d and the gerbils were killed to determine the effect of carrot type or supplement on serum and liver beta C, alpha-carotene, and VA concentrations. Liver stores of beta C or VA in the gerbils did not differ between orange and purple carrot diets when equal amounts of beta C from each of the diets were consumed (P > 0 center dot 05). Both the orange and purple carrot diet resulted in higher liver VA compared with the supplement (P < 0 center dot 05). High-beta C carrots resulted in more than 2-fold higher beta C and 1 center dot 1 times greater VA liver stores compared with typical orange carrots (P < 0 center dot 05). These results suggest that high-beta C carrots may be an alternative source of VA to typical carrots in areas of VA deficiency. Second, phenolics including anthocyanins and phenolic acids in purple carrot do not interfere with the bioavailability of beta C from purple carrots. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tanumihardjo, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, 1415 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1079/BJN20061562 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 076PZ UT WOS:000239971500007 PM 16923219 ER PT J AU Mihok, S Carlson, DA Krafsur, ES Foil, LD AF Mihok, S. Carlson, D. A. Krafsur, E. S. Foil, L. D. TI Performance of the Nzi and other traps for biting flies in North America SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tabanids; stable fly; cluster fly; mosquitoes; Nzi trap; phthalogen blue ID TABANUS-NIGROVITTATUS DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY DIPTERA; STABLE FLIES; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; GLOSSINA-PALLIDIPES; TSETSE-FLIES; CANOPY TRAP; HOUSE-FLIES; HORN FLIES AB The performance of Nzi traps for tabanids (Tabanus similis Macquart, T. quinquevittatus Wiedemann, Chrysops aberrans Philip, C. univittatus Macquart, C. cincticornis Walker, Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart)), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) and mosquitoes (Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated at various sites in Canada (Ontario, Alberta) and USA (Iowa, Florida, Louisiana). Traps made from selected fabrics, insect nettings and hand-dyed blue cotton were compared to the African design to provide practical recommendations for temperate environments. Comparisons of substituted materials showed that trap performance was optimal only when traps were made from appropriate fabrics in the colours produced by either copper phthalocyanine (phthalogen blue), or its sulphonated forms (turquoise). Fabrics dyed with other blue chromophores were not as effective (anthraquinone, disazo, formazan, indanthrone, triphenodioxazine). An appropriate texture as well as an appropriate colour was critical for optimal performance. Smooth, shiny synthetic fabrics (polyester, nylon) and polyester blends reduced catches. Low catches occurred even for nominal phthalogen blue, but slightly-shiny, polyester fabrics in widespread use for tsetse. The most suitable retail fabric in place of phthalogen blue cotton was Sunbrella Pacific Blue acrylic awning/marine fabric. It was both attractive and durable, and had a matching colour-fast black. Nzi traps caught grossly similar numbers of biting flies as canopy, Vavoua, and Alsynite cylinder traps, but with differences in relative performance among species or locations. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agricultural & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Mihok, S (reprint author), 388 Church St, Russell, ON K4R 1A8, Canada. EM smihok@rogers.com OI Mihok, Steve/0000-0003-2328-8986 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 96 IS 4 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1079/BER2006443 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 076PT UT WOS:000239970900009 PM 16923207 ER PT J AU Inderbitzin, P Shoemaker, RA O'Neill, NR Turgeon, BG Berbee, ML AF Inderbitzin, Patrik Shoemaker, Robert A. O'Neill, Nichole R. Turgeon, B. Gillian Berbee, Mary L. TI Systematics and mating systems of two fungal pathogens of opium poppy: the heterothallic Crivellia papaveracea with a Brachycladium penicillatum asexual state and a homothallic species with a Brachycladium papaveris asexual state SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE life history evolution; mating system evolution; sympatric speciation; MAT fusion; Papaver somniferum; Dendryphion nanum ID PLEOSPORA-PAPAVERACEA; DENDRYPHION-PENICILLATUM; ALTERNARIA; STEMPHYLIUM; SOMNIFERUM; RECOMBINATION; PHYLOGENETICS; EMBELLISIA; ULOCLADIUM; SEQUENCES AB This paper presents a systematic revision of the fungal opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) pathogens formerly known as Pleospora papaveracea (de Not.) Sacc., along with allied asexual states formerly placed in Dendryphion. The revision is based on analysis of phylogenetic relationships, comparative morphology, and analysis of mating systems. Using morphology, 18S and ITS rDNA, we established that these species belong to the Alternaria group rather than to Pleospora, a conclusion supported by the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test. For these fungi, we erect the new genus Crivellia, with Crivellia papaveracea as type. ITS rDNA analyses suggested with moderate support Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltshire, Alternaria japonica Yoshii, and Ulocladium alternariae (Cooke) Simmons as Crivellia's closest relatives. Combined ITS, partial GPD and EF-1 alpha analyses confirmed earlier studies that show that asexual isolates in the Crivellia lineage of poppy pathogens represent two closely related species. Because Dendryphion was determined to be polyphyletic, the former genus Brachycladium was resurrected for B. penicillatum Corda and B. papaveris (K. Sawada) Shoemaker & Inderbitzin, the Crivellia asexual states that had been in Dendryphion. Molecular and morphological comparison with isolates from field-collected ascomata and morphological comparison with the type specimen of P. papaveracea indicated that B. penicillatum, and not B. papaveris, is the anamorph of C. papaveracea. The mycelia from single conidium or single ascospore isolates, including mycelia from 14 single ascospores from one field-collected C. papaveracea ascoma, either have a MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 gene and are thus heterothallic. In contrast, each single-conidium isolate of B. papaveris has an incomplete MAT1-2 gene fused to a MAT1-1 region and is inferred to be homothallic. We speculate that ancestral MAT fusion might have led to speciation in Crivellia. . C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Biodivers Mycol & Bot, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Inderbitzin, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 334 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pri2@cornell.edu NR 64 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1304 EP 1326 DI 10.1139/B06-067 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 098IL UT WOS:000241514100011 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Williard, KWJ AF Edwards, Pamela J. Williard, Karl W. J. TI Declines in soil-water nitrate in nitrogen-saturated watersheds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NEW-HAMPSHIRE STREAMS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ABIOTIC IMMOBILIZATION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; WEST-VIRGINIA; NEW-YORK; CHEMISTRY; RESPONSES; AMMONIUM AB Two forested watersheds (WS3 and WS9) in the central Appalachians were artificially acidified with ammonium sulfate fertilizer. WS9 was treated for 8 years, whereas WS3 has been treated for approximately 15 years. Soil leachate was collected from a depth of 46 cm (B horizon) in WS9 and below the A, B, and C horizons in WS3. Nitrate concentrations from WS3 increased for approximately 10-12 years (depending upon horizon) and then did not increase from 2000 through 2003 despite continued fertilizer treatments. Nitrate concentrations in WS9 soil water increased for the first 3 years of fertilization, and then declined for another 2 years. After that time, the concentrations remained relatively constant at approximately 15 mu equiv.center dot L-1; this period of low nitrate concentrations included 2.3 years of fertilization followed by 8.2 years of no fertilization. Stream-water nitrate concentrations from both watersheds indicate they were in stage 2 of nitrogen saturation; however, the soil-water nitrate behavior observed within the setting of continued elevated nitrogen inputs is at odds with responses predicted in current nitrogen saturation theory. We believe that the cessation of nitrate increases in at least the B and C horizons were due primarily to abiotic retention, with recalcitrant forms of dissolved organic carbon providing the carbon needed to induce retention. These results show that nitrogen cycling in forest soil ecosystems is more complex than current nitrogen saturation theory suggests. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM pjedwards@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1931 EP 1942 DI 10.1139/X06-085 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084PR UT WOS:000240546500005 ER PT J AU Fajvan, MA Plotkin, AB Foster, DR AF Fajvan, Mary Ann Plotkin, Audrey Barker Foster, David R. TI Modeling tree regeneration height growth after an experimental hurricane SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; INCOMPLETE REPEATED-MEASURES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD STANDS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; CATASTROPHIC WIND; PLANT-POPULATIONS; RESPONSE CURVES; MAPLES ACER; RED OAK; FOREST AB Annual height growth rates for six species of tree seedlings were modeled during the first 10 years of cohort initiation following an experimental hurricane in central Massachusetts. Selected canopy trees in a second-growth, transition oak - northern hardwoods forest were pulled over with a winch in a 50 m x 160 m area. Regeneration height growth did not follow the species-specific patterns anticipated if the disturbance had been stand replacing. Instead, the temporal increase in shade from crown expansion and sprouting of residual trees slowed cohort development and resulted in a variety of annual height growth patterns among species. Height development was followed separately for advance regeneration and new seedlings of red maple white ash, black cherry, black and yellow birch, paper birch, and red oak. All species had increasing height growth rates for 3 years followed by either decreasing or unchanged (flat) rates except red maple and ash advance regeneration, which had increasing rates throughout the measurement period. After 10 years, black and yellow birch, and red maple are the most numerous species and compose the majority of the tallest regeneration. Red oaks, which dominated the original stand, are few and unlikely to emerge to the canopy of the new cohort. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Fajvan, MA (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2003 EP 2014 DI 10.1139/X06-097 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084PR UT WOS:000240546500013 ER PT J AU Renninger, HJ Gartner, BL Meinzer, FC AF Renninger, Heidi J. Gartner, Barbara L. Meinzer, Frederick C. TI Effects of release from suppression on wood functional characteristics in young Douglas-fir and western hemlock SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE; THINNING INTENSITY; WATER TRANSPORT; STAND DENSITY; SITE QUALITY; PICEA-ABIES; RING WIDTH; TREES; GROWTH; XYLEM AB Little is known of wood properties in trees that were initially suppressed and subsequently released from suppression. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in growth ring width, specific conductivity (K-s), tracheid dimensions, moisture content, and wood density in suppressed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees and trees released from suppression averaging 12-18 years of age. Growth ring width was 370% higher for Douglas-fir and 300% higher for western hemlock trees released from suppression, and K-s was 182% higher for Douglas-fir and 42% higher for western hemlock trees released from suppression. Earlywood width was approximately four times greater after release in both species, whereas the relative increase in latewood width was much greater in Douglas-fir. Tracheids were 25% wider and 11% longer in released Douglas-fir trees. In western hemlock, released trees had 19% wider tracheids that were approximately the same length as those in suppressed trees. Moisture content was 66% greater in released Douglas-fir and 41% greater in released western hemlock. Wood density decreased by 21% in Douglas-fir trees and by 11% in western hemlock trees released from suppression. However, wood density of released trees did not differ from average reported values, implying that wood from released trees may be suitable for many of its traditional applications. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Renninger, HJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM heidiren@bu.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Renninger, Heidi/E-5237-2015 OI Renninger, Heidi/0000-0002-2485-9835 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2038 EP 2046 DI 10.1139/X06-105 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084PR UT WOS:000240546500016 ER PT J AU Larney, FJ Sullivan, DM Buckley, KE Eghball, B AF Larney, Francis J. Sullivan, Dan M. Buckley, Katherine E. Eghball, Bahman TI The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America/Canadian-Society-of-Soil-Science CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Soil Sci Soc Amer, Canadian Soc Soil Sci DE manure; compost; nutrients; cropping systems; soil quality ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; TOPSOIL REPLACEMENT DEPTH; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; NITROGEN-BASED MANURE; DRY-MATTER YIELD; CLAY LOAM SOIL; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; DEEP LITTER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOUTHERN ALBERTA AB Recently, composting has been gaining increased attention as an alternative means of handling manure generated by the livestock industry. Composting is not a new technology, it merely controls what is a natural decomposition process. A major advantage of composting is reduced mass, volume and water content compared with fresh manure which in turn reduces transportation requirements. Concomitant benefits include elimination of pathogens, parasites, weed seeds and odour emissions on land application. However, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with composting. Nutrients are stabilized during composting which slows their release once soil-applied. Compost also enhances soil physical and biological properties and has a disease suppression effect. Where the supply of manure currently exceeds land availability for application, or in some future scenario, if producers need to comply with stricter manure application rate regulations, composting may be an option to encourage nutrient export from high-loading watersheds to soils that may benefit from nutrient and organic matter inputs. Composting may be seen as a means of maximizing the potential for recycling manure nutrients by soils and crops while protecting surface and groundwater resources from manure-related contamination. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Larney, FJ (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM larneyf@agr.gc.ca NR 122 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 27 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 86 IS 4 BP 597 EP 611 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 154GD UT WOS:000245494000003 ER PT J AU Skelton, RL Yu, QY Srinivasan, R Manshardt, R Moore, PH Ming, R AF Skelton, Rachel L. Yu, Qingyi Srinivasan, Rajeswari Manshardt, Richard Moore, Paul H. Ming, Ray TI Tissue differential expression of lycopene beta-cyclase gene in papaya SO CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carica papaya; fruit flesh color; lycopene beta-cyclase ID TOMATO FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; CARICA-PAPAYA; CLONING; PLANTS; CHROMOPLASTS; REVEALS; PATHWAY; HYDROXYLASES AB Carotene pigments in flowers and fruits are distinct features related to fitness advantages such as attracting insects for pollination and birds for seed dispersal. In papaya, the flesh color of the fruit is considered a quality trait that correlates with nutritional value and is linked to shelf-life of the fruit. To elucidate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in papaya, we took a candidate gene approach to clone the lycopene beta-cyclase gene, LCY-B. A papaya LCY-B ortholog, cpLCY-B, was successfully identified from both cDNA and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and complete genomic sequence was obtained from the positive BAC including the promoter region. This cpLCY-B shared 80% amino acid identity with citrus LCY-B. However, full genomic sequences from both yellow- and red-fleshed papaya were identical. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed similar levels of expression at six different maturing stages of fruits for both yellow- and red-fleshed genotypes. Further expression analyses of cpLCY-B showed that its expression levels were seven- and three-fold higher in leaves and, respectively, flowers than in fruits, suggesting that cpLCY-B is down-regulated during the fruit ripening process. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU INST BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY PI SHANGHAI PA SIBS, CAS, 319 YUEYAND ROAD, SHANGHAI, 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0602 J9 CELL RES JI Cell Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 8 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1038/sj.cr.7310081 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 090TQ UT WOS:000240975200007 PM 16801954 ER PT J AU Wright, SF Nichols, KA Schmidt, WF AF Wright, S. F. Nichols, K. A. Schmidt, W. F. TI Comparison of efficacy of three extractants to solubilize glomalin on hyphae and in soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE humin; soil organic matter; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PROTEIN; STABILITY; BORATE AB Glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, is a major component of the humus fraction of soil organic matter. Glomalin is extracted from soil and hyphae of AM fungi by using sodium citrate at 121 degrees C in multiple 1-h cycles, but extensive extraction does not solubilize all glomalin in all soils. Efficacies of 100 mM sodium salts of citrate, borate or pyrophosphate (pH 9.0, 121 degrees C) were tested for two 1-h cycles for hyphae from four AM fungal isolates and four 1-h cycles for seven soils from four US geographic regions. Residual soil glomalin was examined by pyrophosphate extraction of soils previously extracted with citrate or borate followed by extraction of all soils after treatment with NaOH. Hyphal extracts were compared using Bradford-reactive total protein (BRTP) values, and extracts from soils were compared using BRTP, percentage C and C weight. No difference among extractants was detected for AM fungal isolates or across soils. The residual glomalin across soils for extractants contained the following percentages of the total BRTP: pyrophosphate, 14%; borate, 17%; and citrate, 22%. Comparisons among individual soils indicated that pyrophosphate extracted significantly more BRTP (10-53%) than borate or citrate in six soils and borate was equal to pyrophosphate in one soil. Extraction with borate should be compared with pyrophosphate before initiating an experiment. For routine extractions of ca. 85% of the glornalin across a variety of soils, sodium pyrophosphate appears to be equal to or better than borate and better than citrate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wright, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wrights@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 7 BP 1219 EP 1224 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.041 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 079EA UT WOS:000240157100021 PM 16403563 ER PT J AU Eda, S Bannantine, JP Waters, WR Mori, Y Whitlock, RH Scott, MC Speer, CA AF Eda, Shigetoshi Bannantine, John P. Waters, W. R. Mori, Yasuyuki Whitlock, Robert H. Scott, M. Cathy Speer, C. A. TI A highly sensitive and subspecies-specific surface antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Johne's disease SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; FECAL CULTURE; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; SEROLOGICAL TESTS; DAIRY-CATTLE; ELISA; RESPONSES AB Johne's disease (JD), or paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases of livestock and wild ruminants worldwide. Control of JD could be accomplished by diagnosis and good animal husbandry, but this is currently not feasible because commercially available diagnostic tests have low sensitivity levels and are incapable of diagnosing prepatent infections. In this study, a highly sensitive and subspecies-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the diagnosis of JD by using antigens extracted from the surface of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Nine different chemicals and various intervals of agitation by vortex were evaluated for their ability to extract the surface antigens. Various quantities of surface antigens per well in a 96-well microtiter plate were also tested. The greatest differences in distinguishing between JD-positive and JD-negative serum samples by ethanol vortex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EVELISA) were obtained with surface antigens dislodged from 50 mu g/well of bacilli treated with 80% ethanol followed by a 30-second interval of agitation by vortex. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the EVELISA were 97.4% and 100%, respectively. EVELISA plates that had been vacuum-sealed and then tested 7 weeks later (the longest interval tested) had diagnostic specificity and sensitivity rates of 96.9 and 100%, respectively. In a comparative study involving serum samples from 64 fecal culture-positive cattle, the EVELISA identified 96.6% of the low-level fecal shedders and 100% of the midlevel and high-level shedders, whereas the Biocor ELISA detected 13.7% of the low-level shedders, 25% of the mid-level shedders, and 96.2% of the high-level shedders. Thus, the EVELISA was substantially superior to the Biocor ELISA, especially in detecting low-level and midlevel shedders. The EVELISA may form the basis for a highly sensitive and subspecies-specific test for the diagnosis of JD. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA, Bacterial Dis Liverstock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Paratuberculosis Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Speer, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. EM caspeer@utk.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 18 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 8 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1128/CVI.00148-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 073YK UT WOS:000239778500003 PM 16893982 ER PT J AU Carmichael, JD Danoff, A Milani, D Roubenoff, R Lesser, ML Livote, E Reitz, RE Ferris, S Kleinberg, DL AF Carmichael, John D. Danoff, Ann Milani, Daniela Roubenoff, Ronenn Lesser, Martin L. Livote, Elayne Reitz, Richard E. Ferris, Steven Kleinberg, David L. TI GH peak response to GHRH-arginine: relationship to insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in a population of adults aged 50-90 SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE-SECRETION; ABDOMINAL VISCERAL FAT; BODY-MASS INDEX; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HEALTHY-ADULTS; OBESE SUBJECTS; PLUS ARGININE; I LEVELS; DEFICIENCY AB Objective To assess the GH response to GHRH-arginine in apparently healthy adults in relation to cardiovascular risk factors. Design Cross-sectional. Patients Eighty-six male and female volunteers aged 50-90. Measurements GH peak response to GHRH-arginine and cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and hypertension. The primary outcome measurement was GH response to GHRH-arginine. The relationship between GH peak responses and cardiovascular risk factors was determined after data collection. Results GH peaks were highly variable, ranging from 2.3 to 185 mu g/l (14% with GH peaks < 9 mu g/l). An increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors were associated with a lower mean GH peak (P < 0.0001). By univariate analysis, fasting glucose, insulin, body mass index (BMI), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly associated with GH peak (all P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that fasting glucose, fasting insulin, BMI, triglycerides and sex accounted for 54% of GH peak variability. The role of abdominal fat as it relates to GH peak was explored in a subset of 45 subjects. Trunk fat and abdominal subregion fat measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were inversely related to GH peak (P < 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Analysis of this subgroup by multiple regression revealed that subregion abdominal fat became the significant obesity-related determinant of GH peak, but still lagged behind fasting insulin and glucose. Conclusions GH response to secretagogues was highly variable in apparently healthy adults aged 50-90 years. Peak GH was significantly related to fasting glucose, insulin, BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, trunk fat and abdominal subregion fat, with fasting glucose ranking first by multiple regression analysis. There was a strong relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and low GH, with individual risk factors being additive. Although these data do not differentiate between low GH being a cause or an effect of these cardiovascular risk factors, they indicate that the relationship between low GH and increased cardiovascular risk may be physiologically important in the absence of pituitary disease. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Div Endocrinol,Neuroendocrine Unit, New York, NY USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. N shore LIJ Hlth Syst, Inst Med Res, Manhasset, NY USA. Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. NYU, Sch Med, Alzheimers Dis Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Kleinberg, DL (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, 423 E 23rd St,16043-W, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM david.kleinberg@med.nyu.edu OI Ferris, Steven/0000-0001-8641-6223 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA064709, 5R01 CA064709-08]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00096, M01 RR000096] NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 65 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02569.x PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 064RW UT WOS:000239107800006 PM 16886956 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Weber, GM Rexroad, CE AF Gahr, Scott A. Weber, Gregory M. Rexroad, Caird E., III TI Fasting and refeeding affect the expression of the Inhibitor of DNA Binding (ID) genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inhibitor of Differentiation/DNA binding; ID genes; fasting; muscle; gene expression; real-time PCR; rainbow trout; growth ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; GADUS-MORHUA; WHITE MUSCLE; ATLANTIC COD; AGED RATS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; STARVATION; RECEPTOR AB The Inhibitor of DNA Binding/Differentiation (ID) proteins are a family of dominant negative regulators of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, shown in mammals to delay cell differentiation and prolong proliferation. In the current study we used real-time PCR to investigate the effects of fasting and refeeding on the expression of ID genes in rainbow trout muscle. Fry shortly following yolk-sac absorption (similar to 250 mg) were used in a pair of experiments. In the first experiment, the treatment groups included fish fed or fasted throughout the duration of the experiment, and fish fasted for 14 days followed by feeding for the remainder of the experiment. The second experiment consisted of the same treatment groups; however the fish were only fasted for 7 days prior to refeeding. In both experiments, ID gene expression in the muscle of fasted fish was significantly lower than the fed samples after 7 days. Refeeding for 3 or 7 days returned the ID expression to levels similar to the fed fish. The reduction of ID expression during a fast and the subsequent return to fed levels with refeeding suggests the ID proteins participate in the regulation of muscle growth in the rainbow trout. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Gahr, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM sgahr@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 144 IS 4 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.04.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 075GX UT WOS:000239873700008 PM 16782378 ER PT J AU Johansen, KA Sealey, WM Overturf, K AF Johansen, Katherine A. Sealey, Wendy M. Overturf, Ken TI The effects of chronic immune stimulation on muscle growth in rainbow trout SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE muscle; cachexia; rainbow trout; chronic immune stimulation ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INTERMEDIATE-FILAMENTS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CANCER CACHEXIA AB successful production of aquaculture species depends on efficient growth with low susceptibility to disease. Therefore, selection programs have focused on rapid growth combined with disease resistance. However, chronic immune stimulation diminishes muscle growth (a syndrome referred to as cachexia), and decreases growth efficiency in production animals, including rainbow trout. In mammals, recent results show that increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as those seen during an immune assault, specifically target myosin and MyoD and inhibit muscle growth. This suggests that increased disease resistance in fish, a desired trait for production, may actually decrease the growth of muscle, the main aquacultural commodity. To test this possibility, a rainbow trout model of cachexia was developed and characterized. A six-week study was conducted in which rainbow trout were chronically immune stimulated by repeated injections of LPS. Growth indices were monitored, and whole body and muscle proximate analyses, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were conducted to examine the resulting cachectic phenotype. Muscle ratio was decreased in fish chronically immunostimulated, however expression levels of MyoD2 and myosin were not decreased compared to fish that were not immunostimulated, indicating that while muscle accretion was altered, the mechanism by which it occurred was somewhat different than that characterized in mammals. Microarray analysis was used to compare gene expression in fish that had been chronically immunostimulated versus those that had not to identify possible alternative mechanisms of cachexia in fish. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM kennetho@uidaho.edu NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 144 IS 4 BP 520 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.05.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 075GX UT WOS:000239873700014 PM 16815720 ER PT J AU Ariana, DP Lu, RF Guyer, DE AF Ariana, Diwan P. Lu, Renfu Guyer, Daniel E. TI Near-infrared hyperspectral. reflectance imaging for detection of bruises on pickling cucumbers SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cucumbers; bruises; defects; hyperspectral imaging; near-infrared ID MECHANICAL-STRESS; CONTAMINANTS; INSPECTION; CARCASSES; QUALITY; INJURY; FRUIT AB Mechanical injury often causes hidden internal damage to pickling cucumbers, which lowers the quality of pickled products and can incur economic losses to the processor. A near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system was developed to capture hyperspectral images from pickling cucumbers in the spectral region of 900-1700 nm. The system consisted of an imaging spectrograph attached to an InGaAs camera with line-light fiber bundles as an illumination source. Hyperspectral images were taken from the pickling cucumbers at 0-3, and 6 days after they were subjected to dropping or rolling under load which simulated damage caused by mechanical harvesting and handling systems. Principal component analysis (PCA), band ratio, and band difference were applied in the image processing to segregate bruised cucumbers from normal cucumbers. Bruised tissue had consistently lower reflectance than normal tissue and the former increased over time. Best detection accuracies from the PCA were achieved when a bandwidth of 8.8 nm and the spectral region of 950-1350 nm were selected. The detection accuracies from the PCA decreased from 95 to 75% over the period of 6 days after bruising, which was attributed to the self-healing of the bruised tissue after mechanical injury. The best band ratio of 988 and 1085 nm had detection accuracies between 93 and 82%, whereas the best band difference of 1346 and 1425 nm had accuracies between 89 and 84%. The general classification performance analysis suggested that the band ratio and difference methods had similar performance, but they were better than the PCA. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ariana, DP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 105AA Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM arianadi@msu.edu NR 28 TC 98 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2006.04.001 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 068MS UT WOS:000239379000005 ER PT J AU Johnson, LS Ostlind, E Brubaker, JL Balenger, SL Johnson, BGP Golden, H AF Johnson, L. Scott Ostlind, Emilene Brubaker, Jessica L. Balenger, Susan L. Johnson, Bonnie G. P. Golden, Harold TI Changes in egg size and clutch size with elevation in a Wyoming population of Mountain Bluebirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE clutch size; egg size; elevation; female condition; Mountain Bluebird; Sialia currucoides; temperature ID PARUS-CAERULEUS-ULTRAMARINUS; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; NESTLING HOUSE WRENS; BLUE-TIT; EFFECTIVE HOMEOTHERMY; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; WATER-VAPOR; REPRODUCTION; CONDUCTANCE AB Few studies have examined how avian life-history traits vary within populations as elevation increases and climate becomes more severe. We compared egg and clutch sizes of Mountain Bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) nesting at two elevations (1500 m and 2500 m above sea level) in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming over two years. Eggs laid by females at the high-elevation site were, on average, significantly (6%) smaller in volume than eggs laid by their lower-elevation counterparts. Across elevations, egg size showed a significant positive correlation with female body condition (weight relative to size), and high-elevation females had significantly lower indices of condition than low-elevation females. Temperatures during clutch formation were colder at the highelevation site, and egg size was negatively related to temperature after controlling for the effects of female condition. Clutches of females at high elevations were, on average, marginally smaller (by 5%, similar to 0.3 eggs) than clutches of low-elevation females. Unlike egg size, clutch size was unrelated to either female condition or temperature during clutch formation. This suggests that, when under energetic or nutritional stress at high elevations, females sacrifice egg size before sacrificing clutch size. C1 Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Sheridan, WY 82833 USA. RP Johnson, LS (reprint author), Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM sjohnson@towson.edu RI Balenger, Susan/I-3171-2012 OI Balenger, Susan/0000-0003-4354-4959 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[591:CIESAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 074QS UT WOS:000239827500009 ER PT J AU Reeves, GH Bisson, PA Rieman, BE Benda, LE AF Reeves, Gordon H. Bisson, Peter A. Rieman, Bruce E. Benda, Lee E. TI Postfire logging in riparian areas SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire behavior; riparian habitat restoration; riparian management; timber harvest; wildfire ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STREAM TEMPERATURES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIVER CONTINUUM; COASTAL OREGON; NATIVE FISHES; FOREST HEALTH; FIRE AB We reviewed the behavior of wildfire in riparian zones, primarily in the western United States, and the potential ecological consequences of postfire logging. Fire behavior in riparian zones is complex, but many aquatic and riparian organisms exhibit a suite of adaptations that allow relatively rapid recovery after fire. Unless constrained by other factors, fish tend to rebound relatively quickly, usually within a decade after a wildfire. Additionally, fire and subsequent erosion events contribute wood and coarse sediment that can create and maintain productive aquatic habitats over time. The potential effects of postfire logging in riparian areas depend on the landscape context and disturbance history of a site; however, available evidence suggests two key management implications: (I) fire in riparian areas creates conditions that may not require intervention to sustain the long-term productivity of the aquatic network and (2) protection of burned riparian areas gives priority to what is left rather than what is removed. Research is needed to determine how postfire logging in riparian areas has affected the spread of invasive species and the vulnerability of upland forests to insect and disease outbreaks and how postfire logging will affect the frequency and behavior of future fires. The effectiveness of using postfire logging to restore desired riparian structure and function is therefore unproven, but such projects are gaining interest with the departure of forest conditions from those that existed prior to timber harvest fire suppression, and climate change. In the absence of reliable information about the potential consequence of postfire timber harvest, we conclude that providing postfire riparian zones with the same environmental protections they received before they burned is justified ecologically. Without a commitment to monitor management experiments, the effects of postfire riparian logging will remain unknown and highly contentious. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Earth Syst Inst, Mt Shastia, CA 96067 USA. RP Reeves, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM greeves@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1004 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00502.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 070SX UT WOS:000239545500011 PM 16922216 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Homan, HJ Slowik, AA Penry, LB AF Linz, GM Homan, HJ Slowik, AA Penry, LB TI Evaluation of registered pesticides as repellents for reducing blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE blackbirds; insecticides; repellents; red-winged blackbird; sunflower ID ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; RICE; BIRDS; ANTHRAQUINONE; CORN; SEED AB Chemical feeding repellents applied to ripening sunflower might help reduce blackbird (Icteridae) damage, which is a chronic agricultural problem from seed formation to harvest. However, costs are high to develop and register new repellents for agricultural use. In 2003 and 2004, we evaluated feeding repellency of 8 pesticides registered by the Environmental Protection Agency for use in sunflower. Caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were fed unshelled sunflower seeds treated with the following pesticides: 5 pyrethroid insecticides, an organochlorine, an organophosphorus, and a fungicide. Compared to untreated reference groups, feeding rates were reduced for 4 of the 5 pyrethroid insecticides. Only the organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos), however, significantly decreased feeding rates. More research on repellency effects of this product in field efficacy trials is probably warranted based on the results of our cage experiments. Depending on timing of application, registered insecticides with blackbird feeding repellency could provide supplemental economic benefits to sunflower producers through dual purpose use. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS,WS, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS,WS, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM george.m.linz@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 842 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.11.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 056BW UT WOS:000238497000018 ER PT J AU Collins, AM Mazur, P AF Collins, Anita M. Mazur, Peter TI Chill sensitivity of honey bee, Apis mellifera, embryos SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bee; embryo; insect; chill sensitivity; cold tolerance; development; haplo-diploid; egg; germplasm preservation ID DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; INJURY; EGGS AB Improved methods for preservation of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., germplasm would be very welcome to beekeeping industry queen breeders. The introduction of two parasites and the emergence of an antibiotic resistant disease have increased demands for resistant stock. Techniques for artificial insemination of queens are available, and semen has been cryopreserved with limited success. However, cryopreservation of embryos for rearing queens would mesh well with current practices and also provide drones (haploid males). Eggs at five ages between twenty-four hours and sixty-two hours were exposed to 0, -6.6, and/or -15 degrees C for various times, and successful hatch measured. Honey bee embryos show chill sensitivity as do other insect embryos, and the rate of chill injury increases dramatically with decrease in holding temperature. The 48 h embryos in both groups showed the greatest tolerance to chilling, although 44 h embryos were only slightly less so. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM CollinsA@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.007 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 069WG UT WOS:000239479200003 PM 16677625 ER PT J AU Fiorotto, ML Lopez, R Oliver, WT Khan, AS Draghia-Akli, R AF Fiorotto, Marta L. Lopez, Rusmely Oliver, William T. Khan, Amir S. Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra TI Transplacental transfer of a growth hormone-releasing hormone peptide from mother to fetus in the rat SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 12-15, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Endocrine Soc ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; TARGETED ABLATION; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; PROGENY GROWTH; IN-VITRO; PITUITARY; PLACENTA; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; FETAL AB Previous studies showed that when growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH) was administered to either pregnant rats or pigs as a plasmid-mediated therapy, pituitary weight, somatotroph and lactotroph numbers, and postnatal growth rate of the offspring increased. To determine if these responses resulted from direct effects of GHRH on the fetus or were secondary to effects incurred in the mother, we studied in the rat the transplacental transfer of a GHRH analog (HV-GHRH) to the fetus from the maternal circulation. For the in vivo study, HV-GHRH was labeled with I-125 and purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC). At 18 days of gestation, pregnant dams were administered a priming intravenous dose followed by a constant infusion of the labeled peptide. Approximately 2 days later, intact [I-125]-HV-GHRH was isolated from the fetal liver, stomach contents, and brain. The amounts of tracer were positively correlated with those present in the corresponding dam's plasma. These data suggest that a GHRH analog of non-placental origin, even at physiologic concentrations, can cross the placenta and, therefore, has the potential to influence fetal pituitary development directly. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ADViSYS Inc, The Woodlands, TX USA. RP Fiorotto, ML (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM martaf@bcm.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 8 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1089/dna.2006.25.429 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 074ME UT WOS:000239815700001 PM 16907640 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Ray, J AF Taliercio, Earl Ray, Jeffery TI Characterization and expression of a putative retinoblastoma protein binding gene from Gossypium hirsutum SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; cotton fiber; meristem; real-time PCR ID CELL-CYCLE AB A genomic clone representing a putative retinoblastoma binding (RBB) protein was isolated from a Gossypium hirsutum BAC library. Alignment of the gene sequence with the cDNA sequence indicated the gene consists of six exons that have standard eukaryotic splice junctions. The conceptual spliced transcript was 98% identical to TC37171 in the TIGR gene index, however it encoded an ORF 107 amino acids longer than best deduced protein from TC37171. The conceptual translation of the genomic clone was 56% identical to a tomato gene experimentally demonstrated to be a RBB protein and able to complement the yeast growth mutant IRA. The mRNA encoded by the genomic clone was abundantly expressed in meristems and expression levels increased as the cotton fiber matured. We propose that this gene may regulate growth and/or cell division in cotton based on homology of the clone with a protein of known function and sites of expression. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ETaliercio@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1080/10425170600807025 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 115ZL UT WOS:000242772200009 PM 17312951 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Scanes, CG Johannsen, SA Berghman, LR Camp, MJ AF Proudman, JA Scanes, CG Johannsen, SA Berghman, LR Camp, MJ TI Comparison of the ability of the three endogenous GnRHs to stimulate release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in chickens SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gonadotropin-releasing hormone; chicken; FSH; LH; LHRH ID LHRH-II; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION; JAPANESE-QUAIL; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; HYPOTHALAMIC CONTENTS; PITUITARY-CELLS; OVULATORY CYCLE; DOMESTIC-FOWL; TURKEY HENS; FSH AB It is well established that GnRH can stimulate the release of LH and FSH in mammals. Two GnRHs have been found in the chicken hypothalamus, cGnRH-I and -II. There is controversy as to whether either peptide can stimulate release of FSH in birds. The present studies compared the ability of cGnRH-I and -II to stimulate the release of FSH and LH in chickens. Lamprey (1) GnRH-III may be a specific-releasing factor for FSH, as it selectively stimulates FSH release in rodents and cattle, and has been detected in the hypothalamus of rodents, sparrows and chickens. Therefore, the ability of IGnRH-III to stimulate LH and FSH release was also examined. In our first experiment, the effects of cGnRH-I and -II were studied using 17-week prepubertal females. Intravenous injection of cGnRH-II at I and 10 mu g/kg BW significantly increased LH secretion more than did cGnRH-I. Neither peptide significantly increased plasma FSH levels. In our second study, we administered cGnRH-I, -II or IGnRH-III to mature males maintained on a short photoperiod. cGnRH-II was again more potent than cGnRH-I in stimulating LH release, while IGnRH-III produced a modest LH rise. No GnRH peptide provided specific or potent stimulus to FSH secretion, although the high dose of cGnRH-II modestly enhanced FSH levels in the adult male (P < 0.05). Our results are not consistent with the view that lGnRH-III is a specific FSH-releasing hormone across multiple classes of vertebrates. We conclude that the mechanism by which independent release of FSH occurs in chickens remains unresolved. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Proudman, JA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JohnP@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 51 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.10.002 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 053YI UT WOS:000238341700003 PM 16300920 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Brown-Borg, H Johnson, T AF Anderson, C. M. Brown-Borg, H. Johnson, T. TI RHOA signal transduction: effects of maternal copper deficiency on progeny SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 82 IS 8 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 082FJ UT WOS:000240371800160 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Kelly, JF Finch, DM AF Smith, D. Max Kelly, Jeffrey F. Finch, Deborah M. TI Cicada emergence in Southwestern riparian forest: Influences of wildfire and vegetation composition SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Akaike's Information Criterion; annual cicada emergence; Middle Rio Grande; riparian vegetation; Tibicen dealbatus; vegetation structure; wildfire ID DICEROPROCTA-APACHE; PERIODICAL CICADAS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; HOMOPTERA; RESPONSES; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; INVASION AB Annually emerging cicadas are a numerically and ecologically dominant species in Southwestern riparian forests. Humans have altered disturbance regimes that structure these forests such that floods are less common and wildfires occur more frequently than was historically the case. Impacts of these changes on primary consumers such as riparian cicadas are unknown. Because cicadas are consumed by a variety of animal species, disturbances that alter timing of their emergence or abundance could have consequences for species at higher trophic levels. We trapped emerging cicadas (Tibicen dealbatus) in burned and unburned riparian forest plots along the Middle Rio Grande in central New Mexico (USA) to determine effects of wildfire and vegetation structure on their density and phenology. We measured vegetation variables and soil temperature at cicada traps and related these variables to variation in emergence density and phenology. We also experimentally heated soil under emergence traps to examine the relationship between soil temperature and emergence phenology. Emergence density was similar in wildfire and unburned plots, though emergence date averaged earlier in wildfire plots and experimentally heated traps. We identified models containing cottonwood proximity (distance from the nearest cottonwood tree) and cottonwood canopy coverage as the most parsimonious explanations of emergence density at each trap. Model selection results were consistent with the literature and field observations that showed that cottonwood trees are an essential resource for T. dealbatus. Cottonwood canopy was also correlated with low soil temperatures, which are associated with later emergence dates. Failure of cottonwoods to reestablish following wildfire could result in cicadas emerging at lower densities and at earlier dates., For cicadas to emerge at densities and times that provide the greatest benefits to birds and other riparian-obligate secondary consumers, riparian forests should be protected from fire, and native vegetation in wildfire sites should be restored. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 111 E Chesapeake St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jkelly@ou.edu RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015; Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990; Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1608 EP 1618 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1608:CEISRF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073EV UT WOS:000239726700028 PM 16937821 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Mangold, JM Anderson, JL AF Sheley, Roger L. Mangold, Jane M. Anderson, Jennifer L. TI Potential for successional theory to guide restoration of invasive-plant-dominated rangeland SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Centaurea maculosa; Festuca campestris; Festuca idahoensis; invasive species; plant community dynamics; Potentilla recta; Pseudoroegneria spicata; restoration; successional management ID KNAPWEED CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA; INFESTED RANGELAND; DIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; INVASIBILITY; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS AB Ecologists are searching for models, frameworks, and principles that provide a bridge between theory and the practice of restoration. Successional management has been proposed as a useful model for managing and restoring invasive-plant-dominated rangeland because it provides a framework in which ecological processes can be manipulated by managers to achieve a desired plant community. Successional management identifies three general causes of succession (site availability [disturbance], species availability [colonization], and species performance) and suggests that managers address the ecological process influencing each general cause in a coordinated fashion to direct plant community dynamics. We tested successional management using various techniques to restore invasive-weed-dominated rangeland. Our hypothesis was that successively modifying the factors influencing the causes of succession in an integrated fashion would favor the establishment and abundance of native grasses over singularly applied treatments. Thus, we anticipated that the majority of responses to multiple treatments would be explained by higher order interactions, especially in the final year of the study (2004). To test this hypothesis, we used a model system within a Festuca campestris/Pseudoroegneria spicata habitat among pothole wetlands dominated by Centaurea maculosa and Potentilla recta, two invasive species. We used three herbicide treatments (none, 2,4-D, and picloram) to influence species performance; two seeding methods (imprinting, i.e., creating a small depression and broadcasting, and no-till drilling) to influence disturbance; three seeding rates (977, 1322, and 1557 seeds/m(2)) to influence colonization; and two cover crop treatments (with and without Triticum aestivum) to influence soil N and favor native grasses. Treatments were factorially arranged and replicated four times in a randomized complete block design in 2001 and sampled in 2002 and 2004. As predicted, plant response to treatments was dominated by two- and three-way interactions in 2004. The highest seeding rate (colonization) combined with no-till drilling (disturbance) produced the highest native grass density in 2002. These effects persisted into 2004 for P. spicata, but not for F. campestris or F. idahoensis. Combining picloram with no-till drill seeding also produced a high density of P. spicata. Drill seeding at 977 seeds/m(2) favored F. idahoensis density, while no-till drilling at 1322 seeds/m(2) favored its biomass in 2004. F. idahoensis established well after drill seeding with a cover crop and applying 2,4-D. Herbicides reduced native forb density and/or biomass, with early season forbs being more sensitive to picloram and summer forbs being more sensitive to 2,4-D. Herbicides increased exotic grasses' density and biomass but had no effect on native grasses. In most cases, integrating treatments that addressed multiple causes of succession favored a desired plant community. Thus, we accomplished our goal of using successional management to direct plant communities toward native desired species, but the treatments used did not improve species richness. Since naturally occurring native forbs did not respond favorably to any treatment combination, ecological restoration using successional management may best be thought of as an iterative procedure where various components and processes of the system are methodically repaired or replaced over time. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Roger.Sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 81 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 10 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0365:PFSTTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074XP UT WOS:000239845400004 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Wheeler, GS AF Pemberton, Robert W. Wheeler, Gregory S. TI Orchid bees don't need orchids: Evidence from the naturalization of an orchid bee in Florida SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euglossa viridissima; euglossine bees; fragrance compounds; invasive species; mutualism; naturalization; orchids; orchid bees; pollination ID MALE EUGLOSSINE BEES; FLORAL FRAGRANCES; APIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; POLLINATORS; VOLATILES; BIOLOGY AB Almost 200 species of orchid bees are the exclusive pollinators of nearly 700 specialized orchids in the neotropics. This well-known mutualism involves orchids, called perfume orchids, which produce species-specific blends of. oral fragrances, and male orchid bees, which collect and use these fragrance compounds during their courtship. We report here the naturalization of an orchid bee, Euglossa viridissima, in southern Florida, USA, where perfume orchids are absent. Chemical analysis of the contents of the fragrance storage organs in the hind tibias of 59 male bees collected in Florida identified 55 fragrance compounds, including 27 known from the perfumes of nine species of E. viridissima's orchid mutualists in Mesoamerica. Aromatic leaves, such as basil, were found to be important surrogate sources of needed fragrance compounds in Florida. The bee's ability to live and become abundant in the absence of its orchid mutualists suggests that the orchid bee-perfume orchid mutualism may be facultative for the bees, even though it is obligatory for the orchids. This invasive bee visits and potentially pollinates the flowers of many plants in Florida, behavior that could promote the abundance of selected exotic and native species. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM bobpem@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1995 EP 2001 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1995:OBDNOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074SZ UT WOS:000239833400017 PM 16937639 ER PT J AU Lauenroth, WK Bradford, JB AF Lauenroth, W. K. Bradford, J. B. TI Ecohydrology and the partitioning AET between transpiration and evaporation in a semiarid steppe SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecohydrology; water balance; evaporation; transpiration; potential evapotranspiration; T/AET; E/AET; semiarid; steppe ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; GRASSLAND; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; COLORADO; REGIONS AB Water availability defines and is the most frequent control on processes in and and semiarid ecosystems. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of water in dry areas, knowledge about key processes in the water balance is surprisingly limited. How water is partitioned between evaporation and transpiration is an area about which ecosystem ecologists have almost no information. We used a daily time step soil water model and 39 years of data to describe the ecohydrology of a shortgrass steppe and investigate how manipulation of soil and vegetation variables influenced the partitioning of water loss between evaporation and transpiration. Our results emphasize the overwhelming importance of two environmental factors in influencing water balance processes in the semiarid shortgrass steppe; high and relatively constant evaporative demand of the atmosphere and a low and highly variable precipitation regime. These factors explain the temporal dominance of dry soil. Annually and during the growing season 60-80% of the days have soil water potentials less than or equal to -1.5 MPa. In the 0-15 cm layer, evaporation accounts for half of total water loss and at 15-30 cm it accounts for one third of the loss. Annual transpiration/actual evapotranspiration (T/AET) ranged from 0.4-0.75 with a mean of 0.51. The key controls on both T/AET and evaporation/actual evapotranspiration in order of their importance were aboveground biomass, seasonality of biomass, soil texture, and precipitation. High amounts of biomass and late timing of the peak resulted in the highest values of T/AET. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, ForSer, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lauenroth, WK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM billl@cnr.colostate.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 38 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 756 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0063-8 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088TA UT WOS:000240832800007 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW Alloush, GA Belesky, DP AF Zobel, RW Alloush, GA Belesky, DP TI Differential root morphology response to no versus high phosphorus, in three hydroponically grown forage chicory cultivars SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cichorium intybus L.; cultivars; root length; root diameter; specific root length; root density ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; GRASSES; PRODUCTIVITY; DIAMETER; PLANTS; MAIZE; YIELD; COMBINATION; PERFORMANCE AB Forage chicory is a productive forage resource for eastern North America; however, many soils in the region are acidic and deficient in P and might restrict the widespread use of forage chicory. There is no published information on response of forage chicory to P, or P acquisition strategies for morphologically different chicory cultivars. The literature suggests the following null hypothesis: "specific root length (SRL) will increase with P deficiency". We conducted controlled environment experiments using nutrient culture to determine plant mass, mineral composition, and root morphology of three forage chicory cultivars (Grasslands Puna (GP), LaCerta (LC) and Forage Feast (FF)) as a function of P supply, and test the null hypothesis with chicory. Phosphorus increased chicory growth irrespective of cultivar. Root morphology differed among cultivars independent of P supply with FF producing about twice the taproot mass of GP or LC. Root morphology was also impacted by P supply and the specific interactions between P and cultivar. Total root length and surface area of GP increased, and did not change in LC or FF under -P conditions. Thus, the null hypothesis must be rejected. Results suggest at least two different plant responses to -P conditions in chicory that seem to be attributes of specific cultivars: (a) increase in root length of the 0.28 mm root class (GP); (b) decrease in non-taproot mass density with -P and no change in root length or ratios between diameter classes (LC). The change in root length of small diameter class roots, as observed for GP, is typical of the responses to -P described in the literature. The decrease in root density seen with LC is probably an anatomical response that is not coupled with any observable morphological response. We conclude that use of the above null hypothesis as a paradigm for plant root response to P deficiency must be rejected. The routine use of specific root length as an indicator of environmentally induced changes in root system function is precluded by the presence of anatomical and physiological changes (adaptations) that have no concomitant gross morphological changes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rich.zobel@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.05.002 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050LO UT WOS:000238089100024 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Cano-Rios, P Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Cano-Rios, Pedro Sappington, Thomas W. TI Using genetic markers and population assignment techniques to infer origin of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) unexpectedly captured near an eradication zone in Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; population assignment; dispersal; eradication; population genetics ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; GRANDIS-BOHEMAN COLEOPTERA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COALESCENT APPROACH; MIGRATION RATES AB Several boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were captured in pheromone traps in 2004 near Tlabualilo, Durango, Mexico, an area where none had been reported for approximate to 10 yr. It is possible that they were from an endemic population normally too low in numbers to be detected but that increased in response to more favorable rainfall conditions in 2004. Alternatively, they may represent an influx of migrants or the immediate descendents of migrants. To identify the most likely origin of the boll weevils captured in this area, we characterized microsatellite variation of the Tlahualilo weevils and compared it with the variation from three other populations in northern Mexico and from one in southern Texas. Measures of gene flow and individual assignment tests suggest that the boll weevils captured near Tlabualilo were primarily from an endemic low-level population, but that this area also is receiving immigrants from a cotton growing region approximate to 200 km to the north, near Rosales, Chihuahua, which is currently under a boll weevil eradication program. Similarly, Rosales is receiving immigrants from Tlahualilo. This study shows that microsatellite markers and population assignment techniques will be practical tools for determining the most likely origins of boll weevils reintroduced to eradication zones in the United States and Mexico. Population assignment strategies based on genetic markers hold promise for replacing conventional, but spatially constrained, mark-recapture studies of insect dispersal. This relatively new and powerful analytical approach is widely used in conservation genetics and fisheries studies, but has been underused by entomologists. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Forestry Agron & Anim Res, Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 79 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 813 EP 826 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.813 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600001 ER PT J AU Jones, VP Hagler, JR Brunner, JF Baker, CC Wilburn, TD AF Jones, Vincent P. Hagler, James R. Brunner, Jay F. Baker, Callie C. Wilburn, Tawnee D. TI An inexpensive immunomarking technique for studying movement patterns of naturally occurring insect populations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunomarking; insect dispersal; mark-capture ID MARK; PARASITOIDS; DISPERSAL; MOTHS; ELISA AB An immunomarking system useful for determining insect movement patterns was developed that allows the marking of naturally occurring populations of insects within large areas with inexpensive and readily available proteins that can be applied using standard spray equipment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocols were developed to detect chicken egg albumin (as egg whites), bovine casein (as cows' milk), and soy protein (as soy milk) at levels <= 30 ppb. Field applications showed that all of the proteins were stable and detectable at high levels on apple leaves at least 19 d after application. When adult pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, Homoptera: Psyllidae) walked across apple leaves with field-aged residues of the marker proteins plus either Sylgard 309, EDTA, or both, they acquired the mark over the 19-d test period an average of 78.9, 19.4, and 2.1% of the time for egg whites, milk, and soy milk, respectively. Two field applications of the three markers were applied to an apple orchard during the first generation flight of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L., Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We found that 46.5% of moths captured within a 2.8-ha area (including 1.6-ha surrounding the treated areas) tested positive for at least one of the three proteins. The marker systems developed cost between $0.12 and $0.26 liter versus older immunomarkers (using purified vertebrate IgG) that cost roughly $500/liter. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Jones, VP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM vpjones@wsu.edu NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 36 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 827 EP 836 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.827 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600002 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, Alan L. TI Assessing the mating status of female codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in orchards treated with sex pheromone using traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; kairomone; monitoring; pear ester ID POMONELLA L LEPIDOPTERA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; APPLE ORCHARDS; PEAR ESTER; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; PLANT VOLATILES; DISRUPTION; COMMUNICATION; OVIPOSITION AB Whether sticky traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) can be used to accurately assess the mating status of female codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., was evaluated in a series of tests. The proportion female moths caught in these traps that were virgin was compared with catches using interception and light traps in two separate studies. The mean proportion of virgin female codling moths caught in pear ester-baited traps was significantly lower than caught with either interception or light traps. Results were similar in both untreated and sex pheromone-treated orchards. Cohorts of virgin and mated female codling moths were flown separately to a pear ester-baited trap placed overnight in a flight tunnel. The recapture rate of virgin moths was significantly lower than for mated moths. The relation of the mean proportion of females mated versus the density of female moths caught in pear ester-baited traps over the entire season was examined by grouping data from 180 traps into eight density classes from 1 to > 20 female moths per trap per season. A significantly higher mean proportion of virgin females were caught in the lowest density class (one moth per trap) than in all other classes. Traps catching two female moths per season had a significantly higher proportion of virgin moths than traps catching 4-5, 9-15, and 16-20 moths. No significant differences in the proportion of virgin moths occurred among traps grouped into classes from 3 to >20 female moths caught per season. These data are consistent with action thresholds previously established for cumulative catch of female moths in pear ester- baited traps (at least one moth) and support the use of this kairomone to assess the potential efficacy of sex pheromone programs. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.894 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600010 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Zalom, FG Toscano, NC Burman, P Peng, CYS AF Hummel, Natalie A. Zalom, Frank G. Toscano, Nick C. Burman, Prabir Peng, Christine Y. S. TI Seasonal patterns of female Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) reproductive physiology in Riverside, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; diapause; glassy-winged sharpshooter; leafhopper; telotrophic ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGY; DISEASE; VECTOR; SHARPSHOOTER; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIA; VIRUS AB Female Homalodisca coagulata (Say) were collected from October 2001 to February 2005 from citrus at the University of California, Riverside. Between 5 and 20 females per sampling date were dissected, and each was assigned an ovarian rank: previtellogenic, vitellogenic, or postvitellogenic. Ovarian ranking was used to characterize H. coagulata reproductive activity. Results of these dissections revealed consistent annual patterns in the proportion of previtellogenic females present in this field population. These patterns indicate that there are two distinct generations annually, with an occasional third generation. A time-dependent model of H. coagulata vitellogenesis cycles in Riverside, CA, was developed, which makes it possible to predict the appearance of the subsequent generation based on previous observed peaks in the proportion of vitellogenic females. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Natalie.Hummel@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.901 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600011 ER PT J AU Furniss, MM Kegley, SJ AF Furniss, Malcolm M. Kegley, Sandra J. TI Observations on the biology of Dryocoetes betulae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in paper birch in northern Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scolytinae; Dryocoetes; paper birch ID BARK BEETLE; SCOLYTIDAE AB We describe the biology and life stages of the birch bark beetle, Dryocoetes betulae Hopkins, and report its second known occurrence in Idaho. One annual generation was observed with broods overwintering as larvae and sexually immature adults. The species is polygamous with a ratio of 1.8 females per male. Two females (rarely three) joined a male after he entered the bark, and each female created a 3- to 4-cm-long egg gallery with short lateral spurs. Eggs were laid in niches along each side of the main gallery. Larvae have three instars. No hymenopterous parasitoid was found; however, two apparent predators, Rhizophagus dimidiatus Mannerheim, and a clerid, Thanasimus undatulus (Say), were present in galleries. Two mites, Histiostoma sp. and Proctolaelaps n. sp., also occurred in galleries, and a nematode of the Order Rhabditida occurred in the midgut of larvae and adult D. betulae. An ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron betulae Swaine, also infested the basal stems apart from D. betulae. Stems of infested trees were infected with a root rot fungus, Armillaria ostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink. Several generations of beetles infested the basal portion of stems of either decadent or recently dead paper birch. This behavior preserves a scarce host resource and is enhanced by a relatively low fecundity and ability to establish new galleries without flight dispersal. C1 USDA ARS, Coeur dAlene, ID USA. RP Furniss, MM (reprint author), 1825 Orchard Ave, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM MalFurniss@turbonet.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 907 EP 911 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.907 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600012 ER PT J AU Keena, MA AF Keena, Melody A. TI Effects of temperature on Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; temperature; survival; reproduction; fecundity ID MALASIACA THOMSON COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CITRUS TREES; FECUNDITY; BEETLE AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a recently introduced non-native invasive species in North America that has the potential to destroy several tree species in urban and forest habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. glabripennis from two populations (Ravenswood, Chicago, IL, and Bayside, Queens, NY) were evaluated at seven constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C), and adult survival was evaluated at -1 degrees C. Nonlinear regressions were used to estimate the temperature optimum and thresholds for each life history parameter. The estimated optimum temperature for median longevity was 18 degrees C, and upper and lower thresholds were 39 and -3 degrees C for females and 38 and -2 degrees C for males. The estimated upper and lower thresholds for fecundity were 35 and 11 degrees C for the New York population and 34 and 14 degrees C for the Illinois population. The estimated optimum temperature for maximum fecundity was 23 and 24 degrees C for the New York and Illinois populations, respectively. Both longevity and fecundity declined as temperature increased or decreased from the optimum. Oviposition was arrested at temperatures <= 10 and >= 35 degrees C, and either eggs did not mature or were reabsorbed by females that did not oviposit at the higher temperatures. Days to first oviposition approached infinity near 10 degrees C and declined exponentially to a minimum of 16 d at 30 degrees C. The lower threshold for egg hatch was estimated as 10 degrees C and the upper threshold at 32 degrees C, and eggs would be predicted to hatch the fastest at 29 degrees C. Maximum percentage hatch was estimated to occur at 23 degrees C, and the estimated upper and lower thresholds were 34 and 12 degrees C, respectively. These results indicate that summer temperatures throughout most of the lower 48 United States should support beetle survival and reproduction, although oviposition may be suspended and adult survivorship would decline when day or more at or above 30 degrees C, and there are no cooler addition, although beetles may survive into the fall, and those eggs may not hatch until spring. These res used for predicting the potential geographical range models to predict the timing of egg hatch and adult programs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM mkeena@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 912 EP 921 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.912 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600013 ER PT J AU Campbell, LG Boetel, MA Jonason, NB Jaronski, ST Smith, LJ AF Campbell, L. G. Boetel, M. A. Jonason, N. B. Jaronski, S. T. Smith, L. J. TI Grower-adoptable formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) for sugarbeet root maggot (Diptera : Ulidiidae) management SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tetanops myopaeformis; mycoinsecticide; bioinsecticide; insect-pathogenic fungus; entomogenous fungus ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; OTITIDAE; DEUTEROMYCOTINA AB Producers in many North American sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) growing areas rely heavily on organophosphate insecticides to manage the sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis Roder. The threat of losing organophosphate options because of the potential for development of resistant root maggot strains or regulatory action has prompted a search for alternative control tools. American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) accession no. 62176, a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, was studied in field trials as a bioinsecticidal option for control of T. myopaeformis larvae because of shown virulence in preliminary laboratory testing. The fungus was evaluated at four field sites during 2001 and 2002 as a planting-time granule, an aqueous postemergence spray, or a combination of both. Three rates of M. anisophae conidia, 4 X 10(12) (1X), 8 X 10(12) (2X), and 1.6 X 10(13)/ha (4X) were applied as granules, and the spray was tested at the 1X rate. A significant linear response in sucrose yield in relation to M. anisophae granule application rate confirmed its entomopathogenic capacity under field conditions. Each multiple of M. anisopliae granules applied affected a yield increase of approximate to 171 kg sucrose/ha. The fungus was less effective than conventional insecticides at preventing stand loss from high root maggot infestations early in the season. it is concluded that, with additional research, mycoinsecticides could potentially be incorporated into management systems to complement chemical control tactics such as insecticidal seed treatments, soil insecticides (possibly at reduced rates), or postemergence materials for integrated control of T. myopaeformis adults or larvae. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Univ Minnesota, NE Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. RP Boetel, MA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1300 Albrecht Blvd,22 Hultz Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mark.boetel@ndsu.edu RI Jaronski, Stefan/E-8507-2012 OI Jaronski, Stefan/0000-0002-7789-0406 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.986 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600020 ER PT J AU Klinger, E Groden, E Drummond, F AF Klinger, Ellen Groden, Eleanor Drummond, Francis TI Beauveria bassiana horizontal infection between cadavers and adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Colorado potato beetle; horizontal infection; avoidance; adult ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA; SELECTION; PATHOGEN; DYNAMICS AB The behavior of adult Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in the presence of Beauveria bassiana sporulating on cadavers was studied to determine the likelihood of disease infection as beetles emerge from the soil and colonize host plants. In 2001, the movement of single adult Colorado potato beetles was monitored in arenas containing infective cadavers in differing spatial patterns between four potato plants. In 2002, a similar design was used, but was under the more natural conditions of a potato field. In both experiments, direction, time, and directness of beetle travel was not significantly affected by the presence or absence of infective cadavers, showing no avoidance of these cadavers by adult Colorado potato beetles. The likelihood that emerging adults would contact infective cadavers on the soil surface was quantified at different cadaver densities. A curvilinear relationship (y = 4.8313x(0.4459)) best describes the frequency of encounters of adults as a factor of increasing density of cadavers on the soil surface. Mortality of adults and production of conidia on cadavers after encounters with increasing densities of infective cadavers had similar relationships that show the decreased susceptibility of adults to B. bassiana compared with prepupae. These relationships were used to model horizontal infection to emerging adults in the summer months, subsequent to a conidial spray targeted at larvae. The model indicates that horizontal infection of adults may potentially be significant (30-70% of horizontal infection), and that simulated early sprays targeted at first-instar larvae resulted in the maximum levels of predicted horizontal infection. C1 USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Klinger, E (reprint author), USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, 1410 N 800 E, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM eklinger@biology.usu.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.992 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600021 ER PT J AU Kepler, RM Bruck, DJ AF Kepler, Ryan M. Bruck, Denny J. TI Examination of the interaction between the black vine weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and an entomopathogenic fungus reveals a new tritrophic interaction SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tritrophic interaction; Metarhizium anisopliae; bifenthrin; insect behavior; olfactometer ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SYSTEMIC RELEASE; PARASITIC WASPS; HERBIVORE; BEHAVIOR; NEMATODES; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the behavior of black vine weevil larvae, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), in the presence of two possible control options: the synthetic pyrethroid bifenthrin and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin. Five third-instar black vine weevil were placed in two-choice soil olfactometers that allowed larvae to infest one of two pots. Larvae were allowed to choose between M. anisophae (1 X 10(6) spores/g dry media) and untreated media, bifenthrin (25 ppm) and untreated media, as well as M. anisopliae- and bifenthrin-treated media. For all comparisons, experiments were conducted without plants in the system to test for innate responses, as well as with plants to test host-plant influence. Larvae were significantly deterred by bifenthrin without plants present in the system. No significant effect on larval preference was observed when M. anisopliae was present in media for trials without plants. M. anisopliae-treated media was preferred by black vine weevil larvae over bifenthrin without plants present in the two-choice soil olfactometer. When plants were included, a significant attraction to M. anisopliae-treated media was observed over untreated media. Unlike comparisons without plants, larvae were not repelled by bifenthrin when plants were included in the two-choice soil olfactometer. The attraction of black vine weevil larvae to pots containing plants and fungus indicates the operation of a previously undescribed tritrophic interaction. This behavior may be useful in the development of more effective biological control programs. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1029 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.1021 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600024 ER PT J AU Degrandi-Hoffman, G Chambers, M AF Degrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Chambers, Mona TI Effects of honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) foraging on seed set in self-fertile sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Helianthus annuus; pollen viability; stigma receptivity; temperature; humidity ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; POLLEN GERMINATION; MALE-STERILE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PRE-ANTHESIS; POLLINATION; CULTIVARS; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; MILL. AB Ten self-fertile commercial sunflowers cultivars were evaluated for seed set with and without exposure to bees. In the first planting, the number of foraging honey bees was smaller than in the second, and seed set for most cultivars did not differ between those bagged to exclude bees and ones that were open pollinated. In the second planting, however, a majority of cultivars had significantly greater seed set when capitula were exposed to bees compared with when they were not. The weight of seeds from open-pollinated capitula was greater than from those where bees were excluded. Environmental conditions also played a role in seed set as evidenced by differences between plantings in set on bagged capitula. In the first planting, average maximum and minimum temperatures were significantly higher than in the second, and overall seed set was significantly lower in capitula where bees were excluded compared with the second planting. Under the high temperature conditions, however, some cultivars set four times more seed on open-pollinated capitula compared with those that were bagged. These results suggest that foraging activity and cross-pollination by bees might mitigate reductions in seed set caused by high temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Degrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 20000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ USA. EM gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1108 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-35.4.1103 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 070LS UT WOS:000239524600032 ER PT J AU Santhi, C Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG Williams, JR AF Santhi, C Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG Williams, JR TI A modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of water quality management plans implemented in a watershed in Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE SWAT; watershed modeling; nonpoint source pollution; best management practices ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; BMP IMPACTS; NUTRIENT YIELDS; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; POINT; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB Several best management practices (BMPs) have been implemented through Water Quality Management Plans (WQMPs) in the West Fork Watershed of Trinity River Basin in Texas, USA, where nonpoint source pollution is a serious concern. Major sources of pollution are sediment erosion and nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of implementation of WQMPs on nonpoint source pollution at the farm level and watershed level using a modeling approach. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model was applied to quantify the impacts of implementing WQMPs on sediment and nutrients. A preBMP scenario representing conditions of the watershed prior to the implementation of WQMPs, and a post-BMP scenario representing the conditions of the watershed after implementation of WQMPs were simulated to estimate the reductions in nonpoint source pollution due to WQMP implementation. The results are presented as percentage reductions in sediment and nutrient loadings, at the farm level and at two locations within the watershed. The results revealed that (a) the benefits of the WQMPs were greater (up to 99%) at the farm level and (b) the benefits due to WQMPs were 1-2% at the watershed level. Watershed level benefits are tangible as the WQMP implementation area is very small compared to the watershed area. An additional scenario was evaluated to show the possible impacts of expanding the current BMP effort on load reductions. This study showed that a modeling approach can be used to estimate the impacts of water quality management programs in large watersheds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Santhi, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM csanthi@brc.tamus.edu; jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 51 TC 131 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1141 EP 1157 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.05.013 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055OR UT WOS:000238460500006 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Fedosejevs, G Tiscareno-Lopez, M Arnold, JG AF Chen, Pei-Yu Fedosejevs, Gunar Tiscareno-Lopez, Mario Arnold, Jeffrey G. TI Assessment of MODIS-EVI, MODIS-NDVI and vegetation-NDVI composite data using agricultural measurements: An example at corn fields in western Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; spot/vegetation; NUVI; EVI ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; NOAA-14 AVHRR DATA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CROP YIELD; LEAF-AREA; INDEXES; SATELLITE; NORMALIZATION AB Although several types of satellite data provide temporal information of the land use at no cost, digital satellite data applications for agricultural studies are limited compared to applications for forest management. This study assessed the suitability of vegetation indices derived from the TERRA-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) sensor for identifying corn growth in western Mexico. Overall, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites from the VGT sensor based on bi-directional compositing method produced vegetation information most closely resembling actual crop conditions. The NDVI composites from the MODIS sensor exhibited saturated signals starting 30 days after planting, but corresponded to green leaf senescence in April. The temporal NDVI composites from the VGT sensor based on the maximum value method had a maximum plateau for 80 days, which masked the important crop transformation from vegetative stage to reproductive stage. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) composites from the MODIS sensor reached a maximum plateau 40 days earlier than the occurrence of maximum leaf area index (LAI) and maximum intercepted fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPAR) derived from in-situ measurements. The results of this study showed that the 250-m resolution MODIS data did not provide more accurate vegetation information for corn growth description than the 500-m and 1000-m resolution MODIS data. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. INIFAP, Lab Nack Modelaje & Sensores Remotos, Aguacalienties 20660, Mexico. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM pchen@brc.tamus.edu NR 30 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-9006-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 093LX UT WOS:000241170900006 PM 16362566 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Dunne, EF Graves, L Wiedmann, M Patrick, M Hunter, S Salehi, E Mostashari, F Craig, A Mshar, P Bannerman, T Sauders, BD Hayes, P Dewitt, W Sparling, P Griffin, P Morse, D Slutsker, L Swaminathan, B AF Mead, P. S. Dunne, E. F. Graves, L. Wiedmann, M. Patrick, M. Hunter, S. Salehi, E. Mostashari, F. Craig, A. Mshar, P. Bannerman, T. Sauders, B. D. Hayes, P. Dewitt, W. Sparling, P. Griffin, P. Morse, D. Slutsker, L. Swaminathan, B. CA Listeria Outbreak Working Grp TI Nationwide outbreak of listeriosis due to contaminated meat SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; HOT DOGS; MONOCYTOGENES; GASTROENTERITIS; VIRULENCE; FOOD; FRANKFURTERS; ASSOCIATION; CONSUMPTION AB We used molecular subtyping to investigate an outbreak of listeriosis involving residents of 24 US states. We defined a case as infection with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b yielding one of several closely related patterns when subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Patients infected with strains yielding different patterns were used as controls. A total of 108 cases were identified with 14 associated deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. A case-control study implicated meat frankfurters as the likely source of infection (OR 17(.)3, 95% CI 2(.)4-160). The outbreak ended abruptly following a manufacturer-issued recall, and the outbreak strain was later detected in low levels in the recalled product. A second strain was recovered at higher levels but was not associated with human illness. Our findings suggest that L. monocytogenes strains vary widely in virulence and confirm that large outbreaks can occur even when only low levels of contamination are detected in sampled food. Standardized molecular subtyping and coordinated, multi-jurisdiction investigations can greatly facilitate detection and control of listeriosis outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Sci & Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM pmead@cdc.gov RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; NR 36 TC 109 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005376 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 068MJ UT WOS:000239378100012 PM 16318652 ER PT J AU White, JW AF White, Jeffrey W. TI From genome to wheat: Emerging opportunities for modelling wheat growth and development SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Modelling Quality Traits and Their Genetic Variability for Wheat CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE DE genomics; vernalization; photoperiod; growth habit; photoperiod ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT COLD-ACCLIMATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; MAJOR GENE-CONTROL; IN-SILICO PLANT; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; SPRING WHEAT AB Ecophysiological models of crop growth and development sometimes show unrealistic responses that are attributable to our incomplete understanding of the processes the models attempt to describe. Rapid advances in plant genetics, genomics and biochemistry offer important opportunities for improving representations of key processes of growth and development. Research on incorporation of genetic information in models supports this potential, especially in modelling cultivar performance across environments. This paper reviews progress in using information from genetics, genomics and allied fields in modelling and examines approaches suitable for modelling wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T durum Desf.). Efforts to model wheat crops should first focus on the relatively well-understood genetic systems affecting phenology and plant height. A simple gene-based approach using linear equations to estimate cultivar-specific parameters has the advantage that it can easily be implemented in existing wheat models. One requirement is to integrate data on the genetic makeup of wheat cultivars with results from field trials that can be used to estimate genetic effects and evaluate model performance. Concomitantly, modellers should exploit findings from genomics and allied fields on wheat and other plant species in order to improve sub-models of individual processes, using more complex representations of gene action. Advances in these more mechanistic representations require much more detailed and quantitative studies on how gene action varies with specific environmental signals such as temperature and photoperiod. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jwhite@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 122 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2006.04.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 076IX UT WOS:000239951700002 ER PT J AU Dupont, FM Hurkman, WJ Vensel, WH Tanaka, C Kothari, KM Chung, OK Altenbach, SB AF Dupont, Frances M. Hurkman, William J. Vensel, William H. Tanaka, Charlene Kothari, Kerry M. Chung, Okkyung K. Altenbach, Susan B. TI Protein accumulation and composition in wheat grains: Effects of mineral nutrients and high temperature SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Modelling Quality Traits and Their Genetic Variability for Wheat CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE DE baking quality; heat; gliadin; glutenin; nitrogen; transcript; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEAT-RESPONSIVE PROTEINS; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; FLOUR PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION; TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; STORAGE PROTEINS AB Effects of mineral nutrition and temperature on accumulation and composition of protein in wheat grains and on baking quality were studied under controlled environments. Under a moderate temperature regimen of 24 degrees C days and 17 degrees C nights (24/17 degrees C), post-anthesis NYX 20:20:20 (NPK) supplied by continuous drip irrigation increased the rate of protein accumulation, doubled flour protein percentage and slightly increased final single kernel weight. In contrast, post-anthesis NPK had almost no effect on rate or duration of protein accumulation or flour protein percentage under a high temperature regimen of 37 degrees C days and 28 degrees C nights (37/28 degrees C). The 37/28 degrees C regimen shortened and compressed the stages of grain fill, reduced the duration of dry matter accumulation, and reduced single kernel weight by 50%. Rate and duration of protein accumulation in thermal time and total protein per grain at 37/28 degrees C with or without NPK were similar to that at 24/17 degrees C in the absence of post-anthesis NPK. Protein percentage was higher for flour from grain produced at 37/28 degrees C with or without NPK than at 24/17 degrees C in the presence of post-anthesis NPK. Transcript and protein profiling studies confirmed that the 37/28 degrees C regimen compressed development without disrupting coordinate synthesis of gliadins and glutenin subunits, although some specific effects of NPK and temperature on relative amounts of individual gliadins and glutenins were observed. Transcript levels for omega-gliadins, alpha-gliadins and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) declined at 24/17 degrees C in the absence of post-anthesis NPK, whereas transcript levels for low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and gamma-gliadins showed little change. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) demonstrated that relative spot volumes for several w-gliadins, a-gliadins and HMW-GS were lower at 24/17 degrees C in the absence than in the presence of post-anthesis NPK, whereas the relative spot volume for a major LMW-GS was lower in the presence of NPK. Effects of temperature on relative spot volume were generally smaller than effects of NPK. Compared to the 24/17 degrees C regimen in the absence of post-anthesis NPK, relative spot volume for some a-gliadins and HMW-GS were higher at 37/28 degrees C, with or without NPK, and relative spot volume for a major LMW-GS decreased at 37/28 degrees C. Loaf volume was correlated with flour protein percentage regardless of temperature regimen but mixing tolerance was highest for flour from grain produced under the 24/17 degrees C regimens with NPK. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dupont, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 50 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2006.04.003 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 076IX UT WOS:000239951700004 ER PT J AU Widmer, TL Laurent, N AF Widmer, Timothy L. Laurent, Nathalie TI Plant extracts containing caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid inhibit zoospore germination of Phytophthora spp. pathogenic to Theobroma cacao SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cacao; cinnamic acid; lavender; natural products; rosemary; sage ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; RESISTANCE; RAINFASTNESS; DERIVATIVES; PALMIVORA; ROSEMARY; COCOA; WATER; ANTIOXIDANT AB The three most important species of Phytophthora worldwide causing black pod disease of cacao are P. palmivora, P. megakarya, and P. capsici. Chemicals are effective in controlling this disease but more natural methods would be preferred. One alternative is to use natural plant extracts. Rosemary and lavender leaf extracts were found to be effective in reducing germination of P. capsici, P. megakarya, and P. palmivora zoospores when supplemented to agar plates at different dilutions. The extracts displayed the biggest impact on P. megakarya zoospores where it completely inhibited germination at a 25% dilution of the prepared extract. When applied to cacao leaf disks, rosemary extract reduced necrosis caused by P. megakarya zoospores. In a bioassay, pears first treated with lavender extract showed no symptoms of P. megakarya infection compared with the non-treated controls. Based upon HPLC analyses, the active compound in these extracts was determined to be caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid or some simple derivative thereof. When added to agar plates, synthetic caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid completely inhibited germination of P. capsici, P. megakarya, and P. palmivora zoospores at concentrations of 3 and 6 g l(-1), respectively. In addition, sage and rice bran extracts, which both contain caffeic acid, were also effective in reducing zoospore germination. In contrast, inhibition of Botrytis cinerea or Trichoderma asperellum conidia germination did not occur, displaying some level of specificity. These extracts could provide an economically safe method for reducing damage caused by black pod disease on cacao until resistant varieties are developed and released. C1 USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Widmer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Campus Int Baillarguet,CS 90013,Montferrier Sur L, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. EM tim.widmer@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 115 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10658-006-9024-5 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 065NA UT WOS:000239165400002 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Kibblewhite-Accinelli, RE Wagschal, K Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Lee, Charles C. Kibblewhite-Accinelli, Rena E. Wagschal, Kurt Robertson, George H. Wong, Dominic W. S. TI Cloning and characterization of a cold-active xylanase enzyme from an environmental DNA library SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE xylanase; cold active; thermolabile ID MICROBIAL XYLANASES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; FAMILY-8 XYLANASE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; SITE AB There is a great interest in xylanases due to the wide variety of industrial applications for these enzymes. We cloned a xylanase gene (xyn8) from an environmental genomic DNA library. The encoded enzyme was predicted to be 399 amino acids with a molecular weight of 45.9 kD. The enzyme was categorized as a glycosyl hydrolase family 8 member based on sequence analysis of the putative catalytic domain. The purified enzyme was thermolabile, had an activity temperature optimum of 20 degrees C on native xylan substrate, and retained significant activity at lower temperatures. At 4 degrees C, the apparent K-m was 3.7 mg/ml, and the apparent k(cat) was 123/s. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clee@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s00792-005-0499-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 078RB UT WOS:000240119900005 PM 16532363 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Karns, JS Higgins, JA Van Kessel, JAS Perdue, ML Belt, KT Russell-Anelli, J DebRoy, C AF Shelton, DR Karns, JS Higgins, JA Van Kessel, JAS Perdue, ML Belt, KT Russell-Anelli, J DebRoy, C TI Impact of microbial diversity on rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in surface waters SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; verotoxigenic Escherichia coli; water-borne Escherichia coli ID O157 ANTIGEN; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; CATTLE; GENE; VIRULENCE; SHEEP AB Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a physiologically, immunologically and genetically diverse collection of strains that pose a serious water-borne threat to human health. Consequently, immunological and PCR assays have been developed for the rapid, sensitive detection of presumptive EHEC. However, the ability of these assays to consistently detect presumptive EHEC while excluding closely related non-EHEC strains has not been documented. We conducted a 30-month monitoring study of a major metropolitan watershed. Surface water samples were analyzed using an immunological assay for E. coli O157 (the predominant strain worldwide) and a multiplex PCR assay for the virulence genes stx(1), stx(2) and eae. The mean frequency of water samples positive for the presence of E. coli O157, stx(1) or stx(2) genes, or the eae gene was 50%, 26% and 96%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of selected enriched water samples indicated that even in samples positive for E. coli O157 cells, stx(1)/stx(2) genes, and the eae gene, the concentrations were rarely comparable. Seventeen E. coli O157 strains were isolated, however, none were EHEC. These data indicate the presence of multiple strains similar to EHEC but less pathogenic. These findings have important ramifications for the rapid detection of presumptive EHEC; namely, that current immunological or PCR assays cannot reliably identify water-borne EHEC strains. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, EMSL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA, Forest Serv, Urban Forestry Ecol Res Unit, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Gastroenter Dis Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, EMSL, BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 261 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00334.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 059QT UT WOS:000238748000015 PM 16842365 ER PT J AU Sheehy, JE Mitchell, PL Allen, LH Ferrer, AB AF Sheehy, JE Mitchell, PL Allen, LH Ferrer, AB TI Mathematical consequences of using various empirical expressions of crop yield as a function of temperature SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rice; temperature; temperature coefficients; temperature sensitivity; grain yield ID NIGHT TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION; CLIMATE; GROWTH; RICE AB Different expressions for the sensitivity of crops to temperature are commonplace. Sometimes absolute values in t ha(-1) degrees C-1 are quoted and sometimes relative values expressed as % degrees C-1. Values for the sensitivity are often calculated from curves fitted statistically to the data for yield and temperature. Mechanistic models of crop growth were built to avoid the difficulties of assessing the effects on yield of environmental variables that are often correlated with each other. Choosing an arbitrary mathematical relationship between yield and temperature can have bizarre implications for the expressions of temperature sensitivity; especially if the temperature range is small and the relationship is applied outside the range of data. We used a very simple analysis to illustrate the consequences of choosing different ways of expressing the effect of temperature on crop yield. The analysis presented shows that in the mean daily temperature range 22-32 degrees C, rice yields decline by -0.6 t ha(-1) degrees C-1. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Crop Soil & Water Sci Div, Manila, Philippines. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sheehy, JE (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, Crop Soil & Water Sci Div, DAPO 7777, Manila, Philippines. EM j.sheehy@cgiar.org NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2-3 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.008 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 053QT UT WOS:000238320700015 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Martin, DL Goad, CL Anderson, JA AF Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Martin, DL Goad, CL Anderson, JA TI Genetic variability and relationships for seed yield and its components in Chinese Cynodon accessions SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; analysis of variance; path coefficient analysis; correlation coefficient analysis; breeding; seed yield ID BERMUDAGRASS CLONES; FERTILITY AB Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is indigenous to and widely distributed in China but no information is available on the Genetic variation of the native germplasm for seed yield and related traits. Accordingly, we conducted a field experiment in 2002 and 2003 at Stillwater, OK, to characterize the genetic variability among 114 C dactylon. accessions from China for seed yield, its components, and their interrelationships. The field plot design for the experiment was a randomized complete block with three replications. Significant differences (P < 0.01) existed for seed yield, inflorescence prolificacy, seed set percentage, seed number inflorescence(-1), raceme number inflorescence(-1), and raceme length inflorescence(-1) among the accessions. Genetic variation for seed yield and its components was large in tetraploid (104) and low in pentaploid (3) and hexaploid (7) accessions. Significant (P < 0.01) year and accession x year interaction effects for seed yield, inflorescence prolificacy, seed set percentage, and seed number inflorescence(-1). and large magnitudes of variances for year and accession x year interactions indicated substantial environmental influences on those traits. Phenotypic correlations of seed yield with inflorescence prolificacy, seed set percentage, and seed number inflorescence(-1) were substantial and positive (P < 0.01), while correlations of seed yield with raceme number and raceme length inflorescence(-1) were negligible. Path coefficient analyses indicated that inflorescence prolificacy and seed set percentage had the highest direct effects on seed yield. Accordingly, indirect selection for these traits should increase seed yield. The enormous amount of genetic variability among the 114 accessions for seed yield and related components indicated that C dactylon germplasm from China should be a valuable resource for the breeding of seed-propagated bermudagrass cultivars. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yanqi.wu@okstate.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.003 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 053QT UT WOS:000238320700018 ER PT J AU Maragos, C Busman, M Sugita-Konishi, Y AF Maragos, C Busman, M Sugita-Konishi, Y TI Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with the mycotoxins nivalenol and 4-deoxynivalenol SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE nivalenol; trichothecene; mycotoxin; antibody; immunoassay ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; DEOXYNIVALENOL VOMITOXIN; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; B-TRICHOTHECENE; ZEARALENONE AB Nivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi that are pathogenic to important cereal crops, in particular maize, wheat, and barley. This toxin, 3 alpha, 4 alpha, 7 alpha, 15-tetrahydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, is found worldwide and is closely related to 4-deoxynivalenol ( DON or vomitoxin), a mycotoxin associated with outbreaks of Fusarium head blight in North America. The literature on the toxicity of nivalenol suggests it is similar, if not more toxic, than DON. Despite the development of rapid immunologically based assays for detecting DON, such assays have not existed for detecting nivalenol without chemical modification of the analyte. This paper describes the development of a monoclonal antibody using a nivalenol-glycine protein conjugate. The monoclonal antibody was most specific for an acetylated form of DON (3-Ac-DON), but it exhibited sensitivity and cross-reactivity that were useful for detecting nivalenol and DON at relevant levels without the need to modify either toxin chemically. In an competitive indirect ELISA format, the concentrations of toxins able to inhibit colour development by 50% (IC50) were 1.7, 15.8, 27.5, 68.9, and 1740 ng ml(-1) for the mycotoxins 3-Ac-DON, DON, nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, and fusarenon-X, respectively. The antibody was also used to develop a competitive direct ELISA for DON and nivalenol, with IC50's of 16.5 ng ml(-1) (DON) and 33.4 ng ml(-1) (nivalenol). These assays are capable of detecting both DON and nivalenol simultaneously, a property that may be useful in regions where these toxins co-occur or in formats, such as immunoaffinity columns, where co-isolation of both toxins is desirable. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Microbiol, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. RP Maragos, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 8 BP 816 EP 825 DI 10.1080/2652030600699072 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 058PR UT WOS:000238677400006 PM 16807207 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Torres, OA Palencia, E AF Riley, RT Torres, OA Palencia, E TI International shipping of fumonisins from maize extracts on C-18 sorbent SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; Fusarium verticillioides; maize; liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; (LC/MS) ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORN; MYCOTOXINS; B-1; TORTILLAS; CULTURE AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins found in maize. In developing countries, the resources required for analysis are often lacking, and the shipping of maize between countries can be difficult since the importation of plant materials requires permits/inspection to prevent the entry of pests that frequently infest maize. A simple, safe and legal method for shipping maize extracts to the USA was needed to conduct a survey of fumonisins in Central America. The objective was to develop a method for isolating and shipping maize extracts for fumonisin analysis so as to facilitate a survey of fumonisin exposure. The results indicate that fumonisins in acetonitrile: water extracts of maize can be isolated on C-18 cartridges, held for at least 3 days at 22 degrees C and then an additional 4 days at 4 degrees C before elution and analysis with no losses. This method allows the importation and analysis of maize samples from foreign locations without complications from international safety concerns. C1 USDA, ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Inst Nutr Ctr Amer & Panama, Guatemala City 09001, Guatemala. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, RB Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rriley@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 8 BP 826 EP 832 DI 10.1080/02652030600699650 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 058PR UT WOS:000238677400007 PM 16807208 ER PT J AU Venette, RC Cohen, SD AF Venette, Robert C. Cohen, Susan D. TI Potential climatic suitability for establishment of Phytophthora ramorum within the contiguous United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sudden oak death; risk assessment; CLIMEX; climate models; exotic invasive pathogens ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; CALIFORNIA; RISK; PATHOGEN; WORLD; REGIONS; SPREAD; FOREST; NORTH AB Phytophthora ramorum has caused extensive mortality to tanoak and several oak species in coastal California. This pathogen has infected at least 72 plant species under natural conditions and 32 additional species in the laboratory. Many infected hosts have been distributed across the United States by the horticultural industry. We developed a simulation model using CLIMEX software to evaluate the suitability of the climate in the United States for establishment of P. ramorum. CLIMEX was driven by monthly climate normal data for 1971-2000 collected from > 5300 weather stations in the contiguous United States. CLIMEX growth-requirement and stress-response parameters were derived from literature data. Values for the ecoclimatic index (EI), a measure of overall climatic suitability based on temperature and soil moisture, were between 0 and 53. Much of the Intermountain West and the Great Plains was climatically unsuitable for establishment of P. ramorum (EI = 0). Many states bordering the Great Lakes were marginal (0 < EI < 11). Areas considered climatically highly favorable (EI > 25) for establishment of P. ramorum were common in the Gulf States, and areas considered favorable (10 < EI < 26) extended into southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and northwards into southern Maine. Predictions derived from CLIMEX matched known occurrences of P. ramorum in California and Oregon. Finds of the pathogen were 3.4-times more likely in areas classified as favorable or very favorable than in areas classified as marginal or unsuitable. Model results were only modestly sensitive to changes in values assigned to temperature parameters for growth but were more sensitive to changes in values assigned to moisture parameters for growth. Additional research is needed to determine the effects of low moisture on population growth of the pathogen. Nevertheless, our model distinguishes some areas within the contiguous United States that do not have a suitable climate for the pathogen. Such information could be used to refine survey and detection programs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Insepct Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1990 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rvenette@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 231 IS 1-3 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.036 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 071BR UT WOS:000239572600002 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Sandquist, DR Cordell, S AF Litton, Creighton M. Sandquist, Darren R. Cordell, Susan TI Effects of non-native grass invasion on aboveground carbon pools and tree population structure in a tropical dry forest of Hawaii SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allometry; biomass; Hawaii; invasive species; Pennisetum setaceum; tropical dry forest ID EXOTIC GRASSES; GLOBAL CHANGE; ALIEN GRASS; BIOMASS; FIRE; WOODLAND; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; CONVERSION AB Hawaiian tropical dry forests are a unique and highly endangered ecosystem. Remaining fragments are heavily impacted by invasive plant species, particularly the perennial bunchgrass Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (fountain grass). Little is known about the impact of invasive species on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Biomass estimates are a critical first step in understanding the effects of invasive species on carbon dynamics. Biomass data can be used to quantify carbon pools and fluxes, as well as the impacts of land cover change on carbon sequestration. The objectives of our work were to compare: (1) population structure of the dominant native tree species and (2) carbon pools in aboveground live biomass among three land cover types: native-native dominated, largely intact dry forest; invaded-intact overstory, but understory heavily invaded by P. setaceum; and converted-a formerly forested site that has been converted to grassland dominated by P. setaceum. Invasion of Hawaiian tropical dry forest by R setaceum leads to an unsustainable population of native trees characterized by a conspicuous absence of saplings and smaller diameter individuals. Aboveground tree biomass did not differ between native (108.1 Mg ha(-1)) and invaded (107.0 Mg ha(-1)) forests due to the preponderance of wood biomass in large Diospyros sandwicensis trees at both sites. Grass invaded forest had similar to 7x more understory biomass than the native forest, but no differences were observed in total aboveground live biomass (tree + understory) between native (108.9 Mg ha(-1)) and invaded forests (112.1 Mg ha(-1)). However, total aboveground live biomass was similar to 93% lower at the converted site (7.8 Mg ha(-1)), which is the eventual fate of invaded forests with no natural regeneration of native canopy species. Native forests contained significantly more individuals and leaf biomass for the mid-canopy tree Psydrax odorata, which increased overall stand leaf area index. This structural difference appears to have prevented P. setaceum from invading the native site by reducing understory light levels. These results indicate that large changes in the sequestration of carbon in aboveground biomass have occurred across the landscape following widespread grass invasion and conversion of Hawaiian dry forests to grasslands. These large losses of carbon have important implications for quantifying the effects of invasive species and land cover change on ecosystem carbon storage at landscape and regional scales. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. USDA, Forestry Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM clitton@fullerton.edu NR 42 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 231 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.008 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 071BR UT WOS:000239572600011 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ Garman, SL Ross, DW AF Dodds, Kevin J. Garman, Steven L. Ross, Darrell W. TI Landscape analyses of Douglas-fir beetle populations in northern Idaho SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; scolytidae; spatial ecology; populations; nearest neighbor; landscape ecology ID DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE HOPKINS; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; HIGH-RISK STANDS; WINDTHROWN TREES; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INFESTATION; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY AB Spatial relationships of Douglas-fir beetle (DFB), Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, infestations were examined over a 13-year period on the Priest Lake Ranger District, a USDA Forest Service ranger district in Idaho, USA. In addition, population trends were examined on three other USDA Forest Service ranger districts. Using aerial detection survey maps and GIS to derive nearest neighbor distances, trends in the proximity of DFB infestations within a single year (t), and between-years (t + 1) were determined and spatial patterns of infestations were investigated. DFB infestations (i.e., trees killed, area affected) were described with patch metrics. When DFB populations were low, average within-year nearest neighbor distances were typically above 1400 m. As DFB populations increased, average nearest neighbor distances dropped below 500 m. Simulation-based analyses of the spatial pattern of DFB infestations suggested a clustered distribution of infestations when populations were high. Between-year average nearest neighbor distances followed a similar pattern, with half of the infestations close to one another especially during epidemic population phases. During periods with endemic populations, infestations were found at various distances (0-5000 + m) from other infestations. Average patch size of infestations on Priest Lake Ranger District varied from 0.8 to 19.7 ha and was positive exponentially related to number of infestations. Average number of trees killed per infestation ranged from 4.7 to 124.3 and was also positive exponentially related to number of infestations. As numbers of infestations increased, infestations formed larger patches with an increasing number of trees killed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kdodds@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 231 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.023 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 071BR UT WOS:000239572600013 ER PT J AU Spelter, H AF Spelter, Henry TI If America had Canada's stumpage system SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bilateral Technical Symposium on United States-Canada Forest Products Trade CY MAR 06-08, 2005 CL Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI HO Michigan State Univ DE lumber trade; softwood lumber; trade dispute; pricing AB The North American lumber market is integrated and, under normal conditions, provides unhindered access to all suppliers. North American log markets, in contrast, function on different principles: in one principle, a profit allowance for the wood processor plays a role in timber pricing, whereas in the other it is a byproduct of the give-and-take of arm's length market negotiations. Under the first system, markets are characterized by high elasticities of price transmission and, at times of market weakness, by low elasticities of product supply. Under the second system, the opposite of these benchmarks prevails. This can result in asymmetric supply responses in weak markets, to the detriment of U.S. producers. Whether this is a subsidy in the sense of conferring a direct financial contribution by the government or merely a more efficient pricing mechanism is beclouded by the dearth of market-based transactions. The challenge in the lumber dispute then is to devise a system of pricing in Canada that is more transparent in regard to the underlying valuation of timber. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Spelter, H (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM hspelter@fs.fed.us NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 52 IS 4 BP 443 EP 445 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 086HG UT WOS:000240663800011 ER PT J AU Yandeau-Nelson, MD Xia, YJ Li, J Neuffer, MG Schnable, PS AF Yandeau-Nelson, Marna D. Xia, Yiji Li, Jin Neuffer, M. Gerald Schnable, Patrick S. TI Unequal sister chromatid and homolog recombination at a tandem duplication of the a1 locus in maize SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENES; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; R-R COMPLEX; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INBRED LINES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB Tandemly arrayed duplicate genes are prevalent. The maize A1-b haplotype is a tandem duplication that consists of the components, a and P. The rate of meiotic unequal recombination at A1-b is ninefold higher when a homolog is present than when it is absent (i.e., hemizygote). When a sequence hererologous homolog is available, 94% of recombinants (264/281) are generated via recombination with the homolog rather than with the sister chromatid. In addition, 83% (220/264) of homolog recombination events involved a rather than P. These results indicate that: (1) the homolog is the preferred template for unequal recombination and (2) pairing of the duplicated segments with the homolog does not occur randomly but instead favors a particular configuration. The choice of recombination template (i.e., homolog vs. sister chromatid) affects the distribution of recombination breakpoints within a1. Rates of unequal recombination at A1-b are similar to the rate of recombination between nonduplicated a1 alleles. Unequal recombination is therefore common and is likely to be responsible for the generation of genetic variability, even within inbred lines. C1 Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Genet Dev & Cell Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schnable, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, 2035B Roy J Carver Colab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM schnable@iastate.edu OI Xia, Yiji/0000-0002-9543-8341; Yandeau-Nelson, Marna/0000-0002-2742-7384 NR 93 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 173 IS 4 BP 2211 EP 2226 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.052712 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085RA UT WOS:000240620100032 PM 16751673 ER PT J AU Simko, I Haynes, KG Jones, RW AF Simko, Ivan Haynes, Kathleen G. Jones, Richard W. TI Assessment of linkage disequilibrium in potato genome with single nucleotide polymorphism markers SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; FINITE POPULATIONS; SNP FREQUENCY; LATE BLIGHT; RESISTANCE; RECOMBINATION AB The extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important factor in designing association mapping experiments. Unlike other plant species that have been analyzed so far for the extent of LD, cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an outcrossing species, is a highly heterozygous autotetraploid. The favored genotypes of modern cultivars are maintained by vegetative propagation through tubers. As a first step in the LD analysis, we surveyed both coding and noncoding regions of 66 DNA fragments from 47 accessions for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In the process, we combined information from the potato SNP database with experimental SNP detection. The total length of all analyzed fragments was > 25 kb, and the number of screened sequence bases reached almost 1.4 million. Average nucleotide polypmorphism (0 = 11.5 X 10(-3)) and diversity (pi = 14.6 X 10(-3)) was high compared to the other plant species. The overall Tajima's D value (0.5) was not significant, but indicates a deficit of low-frequency alleles relative to expectation. To eliminate the possibility that an elevated D value occurs due to population subdivision, we assessed the population structure with probabilistic statistics. The analysis did not reveal any significant subdivision, indicating a relatively homogenous population structure. However, the analysis of individual fragments revealed the presence of subgroups in the fragment closely linked to the RI resistance gene. Data pooled from all fragments show relatively fast decay of LD in the short range (r(2) = 0.208 at 1 kb) but slow decay afterward (r(2) = 0.137 at similar to 70 kb). The estimate from our data indicates that LD in potato declines below 0.10 at a distance of similar to 10 cM. We speculate that two conflicting factors play a vital role in shaping LD in potato: the outcrossing mating type and the very limited number of meiotic generations. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM isimko@pw.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 41 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 24 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 173 IS 4 BP 2237 EP 2245 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.060905 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085RA UT WOS:000240620100034 PM 16783002 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Wang, DC Arelli, P Ebrahimi, M Nelson, RL AF Chen, Yiwu Wang, Dechun Arelli, Prakash Ebrahimi, Mohsen Nelson, Randall L. TI Molecular marker diversity of SCN-resistant sources in soybean SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE soybean cyst nematode resistance; genetic diversity; SSR markers; cluster analysis; soybean ID CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANCE; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; DNA MARKERS; RACES 1; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe; HG) is one of the most destructive pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the United States. Over 100 SCN-resistant accessions within the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection have been identified, but little is known about the genetic diversity of this SCN-resistant germplasm. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variation and determine the genetic relationships among SCN-resistant accessions. One hundred twenty-two genotypes were evaluated by 85 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from 20 linkage groups. Non-hierarchical (VARCLUS) and hierarchical (Ward's) clustering were combined with multidimensional scaling (MDS) to determine relationships among tested lines. The 85 SSR markers produced 566 allelic fragments with a mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.35. The 122 lines were grouped into 7 clusters by 2 different clustering methods and the MDS results consistently corresponded to the assigned clusters. Assigned clusters were dominated by genotypes that possess one or more unique SCN resistance genes and were associated with geographical origins. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the variation differences among clusters and individual lines were significant, but the differences among individuals within clusters were not significant. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA ARS Mid S Area, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Corp Sci, German Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Wang, DC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM wangdech@msu.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 8 BP 938 EP 949 DI 10.1139/G06-057 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 108AJ UT WOS:000242211800011 PM 17036069 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Gustafson, JP AF Ma, Xue-Feng Gustafson, J. Perry TI Timing and rate of genome variation in triticale following allopolyploidization SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE genome evolution; sequence variation; allopolyploid; triticale; AFLP ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; WHEAT; ELIMINATION; POLYPLOIDS; HYBRIDIZATION; ACTIVATION; BRASSICA; PLANTS AB The timing and rate of genomic variation induced by allopolyploidization in the intergeneric wheat-rye (Triticum spp. - Secale cereale L.) hybrid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) was studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses with 2 sets of primers, EcoRI-MseI (E-M) and PstI-MseI (P-M), which primarily amplify repetitive and low-copy sequences, respectively. The results showed that allopolyploidization induced genome sequence variation in triticale and that a great degree of the genome variation occurred immediately following wide hybridization. Specifically, about 46.3% and 36.2% of the wheat parental band loss and 74.5% and 68.4% of the rye parental band loss occurred in the F-1 hybrids (before chromosome doubling) for E-M and P-M primers, respectively. The sequence variation events that followed chromosome doubling consisted of continuous modifications that occurred at a very small rate compared with the rate of variation before chromosome doubling. However, the rate of sequence variation involving the rye parental genome was much higher in the first 5 generations following chromosome doubling than in any subsequent generation. Surprisingly, the highest rate of rye genomic variation occurring after chromosome doubling was in C-3 or later, but not in C-1. The data suggested that the cytoplasm and the degree of the relationship between the parental genomes were the key factors in determining the direction, amount, timing, and rate of genomic sequence variation occurring during intergeneric allopolyploidization. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Res Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Res Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 8 BP 950 EP 958 DI 10.1139/G06-078 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 108AJ UT WOS:000242211800012 PM 17036070 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Mielnick, PC Dugas, WA Johnson, HB Sanabria, J AF Polley, H. Wayne Mielnick, Patricia C. Dugas, William A. Johnson, Hyrum B. Sanabria, Joaquin TI Increasing CO2 from subambient to elevated concentrations increases grassland respiration per unit of net carbon fixation SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-4 grasses; C-3 species; carbon substrate; CO2 gradient; ecosystem C flux; residence time of C; soil water content; temperature ID SOIL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; EUROPEAN FORESTS; DUKE FOREST; TEMPERATURE; WATER; FLUX; SEQUESTRATION AB Respiration (carbon efflux) by terrestrial ecosystems is a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle, but the response of C efflux to atmospheric CO2 enrichment remains uncertain. Respiration may respond directly to an increase in the availability of C substrates at high CO2, but also may be affected indirectly by a CO2-mediated alteration in the amount by which respiration changes per unit of change in temperature or C uptake (sensitivity of respiration to temperature or C uptake). We measured CO2 fluxes continuously during the final 2 years of a 4-year experiment on C-3/C-4 grassland that was exposed to a 200-560 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 gradient. Flux measurements were used to determine whether CO2 treatment affected nighttime respiration rates and the response of ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in net C uptake and air temperature. Increasing CO2 from subambient to elevated concentrations stimulated grassland respiration at night by increasing the net amount of C fixed during daylight and by increasing either the sensitivity of C efflux to daily changes in C fixation or the respiration rate in the absence of C uptake (basal ecosystem respiration rate). These latter two changes contributed to a 30-47% increase in the ratio of nighttime respiration to daytime net C influx as CO2 increased from subamient to elevated concentrations. Daily changes in net C uptake were highly correlated with variation in temperature, meaning that the shared contribution of C uptake and temperature in explaining variance in respiration rates was large. Statistically controlling for collinearity between temperature and C uptake reduced the effect of a given change in C influx on respiration. Conversely, CO2 treatment did not affect the response of grassland respiration to seasonal variation in temperature. Elevating CO2 concentration increased grassland respiration rates by increasing both net C input and respiration per unit of C input. A better understanding of how C efflux varies with substrate supply thus may be required to accurately assess the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1390 EP 1399 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01187.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063FZ UT WOS:000239004700003 ER PT J AU Lawler, JJ White, D Neilson, RP Blaustein, AR AF Lawler, Joshua J. White, Denis Neilson, Ronald P. Blaustein, Andrew R. TI Predicting climate-induced range shifts: model differences and model reliability SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate-envelope models; extinction; geographic range; model averaging; model prediction; random forest predictors ID LAND-COVER DATA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; RANDOM FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; TREE; VALIDATION; SCENARIOS; ENVELOPE AB Predicted changes in the global climate are likely to cause large shifts in the geographic ranges of many plant and animal species. To date, predictions of future range shifts have relied on a variety of modeling approaches with different levels of model accuracy. Using a common data set, we investigated the potential implications of alternative modeling approaches for conclusions about future range shifts and extinctions. Our common data set entailed the current ranges of 100 randomly selected mammal species found in the western hemisphere. Using these range maps, we compared six methods for modeling predicted future ranges. Predicted future distributions differed markedly across the alternative modeling approaches, which in turn resulted in estimates of extinction rates that ranged between 0% and 7%, depending on which model was used. Random forest predictors, a model-averaging approach, consistently outperformed the other techniques (correctly predicting > 99% of current absences and 86% of current presences). We conclude that the types of models used in a study can have dramatic effects on predicted range shifts and extinction rates; and that model-averaging approaches appear to have the greatest potential for predicting range shifts in the face of climate change. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), US EPA, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM lawler.joshua@epa.gov RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 65 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1568 EP 1584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01191.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063FZ UT WOS:000239004700018 ER PT J AU Nicholls, DL Roos, J AF Nicholls, David L. Roos, Joseph TI Lumber attributes, characteristics, and species preferences as indicated by secondary wood products firms in the continental United States SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LUMBER; SUPPLIER ATTRIBUTES; FURNITURE INDUSTRY; MILLWORK INDUSTRY; MARKETS AB The purpose of this research was to evaluate selected lumber attributes, species preferences, and lumber use properties among secondary wood manufacturers in the United States. Our sample included producers of kitchencabinets, furniture, doors, windows, and molded products who attended regional and national wood manufacturing events. More than 51% of respondents had annual sales of less than $500 000, and the median company size was five employees. Results are presented for 17 selected lumber attributes, and indicate that appearance-related attributes were generally the most important, and that use of certified lumber was generally the least important. Price-related attributes (including low price and price stability) were generally intermediate in importance. There were statistically significant differences among geographic regions for four of the attributes, and among business types for three of the attributes. The most popular species for use by secondary manufacturers included the oaks, maple, and cherry, and there were strong preferences for kiln-dried, 4/4 (2.54 cm) lumber having random length and width. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nicholls, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 204 Siginaka Way, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. EM dlnicholls@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s00107-005-0071-y PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 078YZ UT WOS:000240144000001 ER PT J AU Clark, JR Finn, CE AF Clark, John R. Finn, Chad E. TI Register of new fruit and nut cultivars list 43 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Clark, JR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Plant Sci 316, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1133 PG 33 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000001 ER PT J AU Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Roberts, W AF Collins, J. K. Perkins-Veazie, P. Roberts, W. TI Lycopene: From plants to humans SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOMORDICA-COCHINCHINENSIS SPRENG; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; CITRUS-PARADISI MACF.; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; DRIED TOMATO POWDER; ALL-TRANS-LYCOPENE; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AB Lycopene is a pigment that imparts a red or red-orange color to some fruits and vegetables. This carotenoid has been extensively studied over the last 10 years because of its potent antioxidant activity and medical evidence that dietary intake can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and some cancers. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers in the areas of horticulture and food science a current summary of available information on lycopene in plants, stabilization and extraction, and potential health benefits as delineated in current medical studies. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Collins, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM jcollins-usda@lane-ag.org RI Socaciu, Carmen/P-8358-2014 OI Socaciu, Carmen/0000-0002-7352-5057 NR 169 TC 14 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1135 EP 1144 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000002 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Thies, JA Fery, RL Smith, JP AF Harrison, Howard F. Thies, Judy A. Fery, Richard L. Smith, J. Powell TI Evaluation of cowpea genotypes for use as a cover crop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROCCOLI PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; TOMATOES; MULCHES AB A preliminary screening experiment was conducted to evaluate 47 cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes for use as a weed-suppressing cover crop. Of these, 11 were selected for further testing on the basis of vigorous growth and weed-suppressing ability. In a field experiment repeated over 4 years, the selected genotypes were not different from the leading cover crop cultivar 'Iron Clay' in biomass production. Vigor ratings, vine growth ratings, and canopy widths of some genotypes exceeded those of 'Iron Clay' Vigor ratings and canopy measurements were efficient selection criteria that could be useful for breeding cover crop cowpea cultivars. All except one selection were highly resistant to southern root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and the selections varied in seed size, photoperiod, and response to foliar diseases. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Res Serv, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Res Serv, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM hharrison@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1148 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000003 ER PT J AU Postman, J Hummer, K Stover, E Krueger, R Forsline, P Grauke, LJ Zee, F Ayala-Silva, T Irish, B AF Postman, Joseph Hummer, Kim Stover, Ed Krueger, Robert Forsline, Phillip Grauke, L. J. Zee, Francis Ayala-Silva, Tomas Irish, Brian TI Fruit and nut genebanks in the US National Plant Germplasm System SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic resources; clonal repository; genetics; conservation; disease resistance; environmental adaptation ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONSERVATION; BLACKBERRY; RESOURCES; RASPBERRY AB The year 2005 marked the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), repositories devoted to clonally propagated, horticultural fruit and nut crops. During this quarter century, facilities in Hilo, Hawaii; Mayaguez, PR.; Miami, Fla.; and Riverside, Calif. were developed to preserve collections of tropical and subtropical fruit and nut crops; facilities in Brownwood, Texas; Corvallis, Ore.; Davis, Calif. and Geneva, N.Y. preserve the temperate crops. Each of these facilities now has internationally recognized, globally diverse collections of genetic resources for their assigned genera. Germplasm of unique genotypes are maintained as growing plants, evaluated for phenotypic and genotypic traits, documented in a national public germplasm database, and freely distributed as clonal propaggules to researchers and other germplasm users around the world. Seed collections represent wild populations for some crop relatives. These 8 genebanks maintain 30,000 accessions representing 1600 species of fruit and nut crops and their wild relatives. The genebanks distribute more than 15,000 accessions annually to international researchers. Although originally conceived as working collections for crop improvement, NPGS genebanks have also become invaluable in providing the raw materials for basic plant genetic research, reservoirs for rare or endangered species or vulnerable landraces, archives of historic cultivars, and field classrooms for educating the public. These collections preserve botanical treasures as well as the American horticultural heritage for now and for future generations. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resource Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Somerville, TX 77849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repositry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Postman, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM jpostman@ars-grin.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1188 EP 1194 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000010 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Chaney, R Crawford, M AF Wood, Bruce W. Chaney, Rufus Crawford, Mark TI Correcting micronutrient deficiency using metal hyperaccumulators: Alyssum biomass as a natural product for nickel deficiency correction SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUSE-EAR; PECAN; PHYTOEXTRACTION; METABOLISM; NI AB The existence of nickel (Ni) deficiency in certain horticultural crops merits development of fertilizer products suitable for specific niche uses and for correcting or preventing deficiency problems before marketability and yields are affected. The efficacy of satisfying plant nutritional needs for Ni using biomass of Ni hyperaccumulator species was assessed. Aqueous extraction of Alyssum murale (Waldst. & Kit.) biomass yielded a Ni-enriched extract that, upon spray application, corrects and prevents Ni deficiency in pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. The Ni-Alyssum biomass extract was as effective at correcting or preventing Ni deficiency as was a commercial Ni-sulfate salt. Foliar treatment of pecan with either source at >= 10 mg(.)L(-1) Ni, regardless of source, prevented deficiency symptoms whereas treatment at less than 10 mg(.)L(-1) Ni was only partially effective. Autumn application of Ni to foliage at 100 mg(.)L(-1) Ni during leaf senescence resulted in enough remobilized Ni to prevent expression of morphologically based Ni deficiency symptoms the following spring. The study demonstrates that micronutrient deficiencies are potentially correctable using extracts of metal-accumulating plants. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NiPan LLC, Valdosta, GA 31603 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bwwood@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1234 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000017 ER PT J AU Jover, P Matta, FB Shah, FS AF Jover, Pedro Matta, Frank B. Shah, Fawad S. TI Harvest time and storage condition affect germination, moisture, abscisic acid, and indoleacetic acid in pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED DORMANCY; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; PLANT-SCIENCE; IMMUNOASSAY; REGULATORS AB Moisture percentage, free abscisic acid, and total indoleacetic acid (IAA) content were determined at shuck-split in 'Hughes' and 'Owens' pecan kernels (nuts harvested from the tree), immediately after harvest from the ground, and after subsequent storage periods of 45, 90, and 135 d at 3 degrees C or 10 degrees C. In 'Hughes', seed germination increased when nuts were harvested from the tree compared with germination of nuts harvested from the ground or nonstratified and stratified nuts. Germination of nuts harvested from the ground did not differ from germination of nuts stored at 3 degrees C in moist media for 45, 90, or 135 d. Significant positive correlation between germination of 'Hughes' and 'Owens' and moisture percentage was observed. There was no relationship between abscisic acid levels and germination in either cultivar. However, there was a significant correlation between germination of 'Hughes' and IAA. Germination of 'Owens' did not correlate with IAA levels. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Ctr Reg Chaco Formosa, INTA, Formosa, Argentina. USDA, Seed Program, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. RP Matta, FB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 117 Dorman Hall,POB 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fmatta@pss.msstated.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1237 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000018 ER PT J AU Smith, MW Wood, BW AF Smith, Michael W. Wood, Bruce W. TI Pecan tree biomass estimates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; weight; allometry; allometric model; temperate tree ID STORAGE AB Allometric equations were developed for orchard-grown pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] trees. Trees, ranging in size from 22 to 33 cm in trunk diameter 1.4 m above the ground, were destructively harvested from two sites. The entire above-ground portion of each tree was harvested and then divided into leaves, current season's shoots, and branches >= 1 year old plus trunk. Roots were sampled by digging a trench beginning beneath the trunk and extending to one-half the distance to an adjacent tree, then separating the roots from the soil. Roots were then divided into those less than 1 cm in diameter and those >= 1cm in diameter. Equations in the form Y = e(a)X(b) were developed to estimate dry biomass of most tree components and the whole tree, where Y is the dry weight, e is the base of the natural logarithm, X is the trunk diameter at 1.4 m above the ground, and a and b are coefficients. A linear equation provided the best fit for estimating the weight of the current season's growth. Power equations were also developed to estimate the weights of inner bark and wood for different size trunks or branches. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mike.smith@okstate.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1291 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000028 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Levi, A Kim, S King, SR Hernandez, A AF Davis, Angela R. Levi, Amnon Kim, Sungil King, Stephen R. Hernandez, Alvaro TI RNA extraction method from fruit tissue high in water and sugar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RNA isolation; rapid; cucurbit; tomato; liquid removal; sugar removal AB RNA isolation from ripe fruit can be complicated by high concentrations of sugar and water. These sugars interfere with RNA extraction often resulting in low RNA quality and quantities, and high water concentrations dilute the RNA, making isolation difficult. We report a simple but novel method by which the majority of the excess sugar and water in mature fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai], and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) can be easily removed from tissue before RNA extraction. This method produced quality RNA in a shorter time than the currently accepted method for fruit tissue RNA isolation and does not require liquid nitrogen or a freeze dryer. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Illinois, Champaign Biotechnol Ctr, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Hwy 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1292 EP 1294 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 076EE UT WOS:000239939000029 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, Stuart O. TI Agricultural applications of dielectric measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Review DE dielectric properties; agricultural products; grain; moisture measurement; insects; fruits; vegetables; permittivity; granular materials; powders; permittivity-density relationships. ID MOISTURE-CONTENT DETERMINATION; RESONANT-CAVITY PERTURBATION; FRESH FRUITS; TIME-DOMAIN; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; MICROWAVE METHOD; COAXIAL-LINE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY AB A brief historical perspective on dielectric properties of agricultural products is presented, including their use for rapid measurement of moisture content in grain and in considering potential dielectric heating applications. General principles are discussed as they relate to dielectric properties of materials and energy absorption from radio-frequency and microwave electric fields. Measurement principles and techniques for determining the dielectric properties of agricultural materials are described, and appropriate references are cited for detailed information. Dielectric properties data for some grain, insects, fruits, and vegetables are presented that relate to applications for selective heating of insects in grain and potential maturity and quality sensing in fresh fruits and vegetables. Principles are discussed for the use of microwave dielectric properties for sensing moisture content in grain, and relationships between dielectric properties of granular and powdered materials and their bulk densities are described. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 135 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 688 EP 702 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2006.1667726 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 072XF UT WOS:000239705700002 ER PT J AU Liu, X Fellers, JP Zhu, YC Mutti, NS El-Bouhssini, M Chen, MS AF Liu, Xiang Fellers, John P. Zhu, Yu Cheng Mutti, Navdeep S. El-Bouhssini, Mustapha Chen, Ming-Shun TI Cloning and characterization of cDNAS encoding carb oxypeptidase-like proteins from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; carboxypeptidase; gut; digestive enzyme ID DIGESTIVE CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METHYL JASMONATE; SERINE PROTEASES; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE AB Transcriptomic analysis of the gut from Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] identified nine cDNA clones that encode different carboxypeptidase-like proteins. Sequence comparison revealed that five of the nine cDNAs encoded very similar proteins with amino acid sequence identity over 96%. The other four cDNAs encoded diversified proteins with amino acid sequence identity less than 60%. Further sequence comparison with well characterized carboxypeptidases from other organisms revealed that these cDNAs encoded MDCP (M. destructor carboxypeptidase)-Al, MDCP-A2, MDCP-B, MDCP-BL, and MDCP-D. All residues characteristic of metallocarboxypeptidases including the HXXE motif were conserved among members. Northern blot analysis revealed various expression patterns for different gene groups in different developmental stages of M. destructor, suggesting that individual carboxypeptidases perform specific functions or have different specificities. Enzymatic activity assays demonstrated that both carboxypeptidases A and B are predominant in the larval stage, the only feeding stage of M. destructor, indicating a role in food digestion. The digestive role is further supported by the fact that 80% of the enzymatic activity in larvae occurred in the gut. Among these two types of enzymes, the activity of carboxypeptidase A was at least four times higher than that of carboxypeptidase B under the same conditions, suggesting that carboxypeptidase A is the major digestive enzyme in the gut of M. destructor larvae. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.05.008 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 078EG UT WOS:000240084100007 PM 16876709 ER PT J AU Sun, W Margam, VM Sun, L Buczkowski, G Bennett, GW Schemerhorn, B Muir, WM Pittendrigh, BR AF Sun, W. Margam, V. M. Sun, L. Buczkowski, G. Bennett, G. W. Schemerhorn, B. Muir, W. M. Pittendrigh, B. R. TI Genome-wide analysis of phenobarbital-inducible genes in Drosophila melanogaster SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE P450; GST; carbohydrate metabolism; oxido-reductase ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BARBITAL-INDUCED EXPRESSION; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY; IN-HOUSE FLIES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENES; METABOLIC RESISTANCE AB An oligoarray analysis was conducted to determine the differential expression of genes due to phenobarbital exposure in Drosophila melanogaster (w(1118) strain) third instar larvae. Seventeen genes were observed to be induced with increased expression by a statistical analysis of microarrays approach with a q <= 0.05. At q <= 0.12, four more genes (Cyp12d1, DmGstd4, and two genes with unknown function) were found to be up-regulated, and 11 genes with unknown function were found to be down-regulated. Fifteen of these genes, Cyp4d14, Cyp6a2, Cyp6a8, Cyp12d1, Cyp6d5, Cyp6w1, CG2065, DmGstd6, DmGstd7, Amy-p/Amy-d, Ugt86Dd, GC5724, Jheh1, Jheh2 and CG11893, were verified using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Some of these genes have been shown to be over-transcribed in metabolically DDT-resistant Drosophila strains. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pittendrigh, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Room 100,1158 Smith Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pittendr@purdue.edu RI Margam, Venu/E-5876-2010; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI51513-01] NR 95 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00662.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 069ND UT WOS:000239453700007 PM 16907832 ER EF