FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jackson, DM Bohac, JR AF Jackson, D. Michael Bohac, Janice R. TI Evaluation of pheromone traps for monitoring sweetpotato weevils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cylas formicarius; Brentidae; pheromones; sweetpotato; Ipomoea; population dynamics; traps ID CYLAS-FORMICARIUS FABRICIUS; SYNTHETIC SEX-PHEROMONE; SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL; ELEGANTULUS SUMMERS; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; FIELD-EVALUATION; C-BRUNNEUS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; BRENTIDAE AB Ten types of pheromone traps for monitoring sweetpotato weevils, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), were evaluated in sweetpotato fields at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, during 2001 and 2002. A funnel trap, a modification of a water-pan trap, and the Pherocon sticky trap were the most effective for capturing male sweetpotato weevil adults. A universal trap, Multipher trap, boll weevil trap, a trap constructed from a five-gallon pail, and a trap made from a milk jug also captured significant numbers of weevils. A Japanese beetle trap and the plastic Pherocon CRW kairomone trap were not effective for trapping sweetpotato weevils. In separate experiments in 2005 and 2006, a trap made from a recycled plastic (PET) soft drink bottle was significantly less effective than the universal trap. Universal traps and PET bottle traps with soapy water were as effective as traps with a dichlorvos insecticide strip for a killing agent. Captures of male sweetpotato weevils in universal traps ranged 0.0-6.0 adults per trap per day during a 6-year period, 2001-2006 at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory. Except for 2005, when population levels were unusually low, weevil captures increased rapidly during August and continued at high levels until freezing weather in November or December each year. Peak captures were generally from mid-September to mid-October. C1 [Jackson, D. Michael; Bohac, Janice R.] USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 141 EP 158 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BR UT WOS:000251700000003 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Irizarry, H AF Goenaga, Ricardo Irizarry, Heber TI Yield performance of two French-type plantain clones subjected to bunch pruning SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE plantain clones; bunch management; yield; fruit quality ID PUERTO-RICO; MUSA; AAB; IRRIGATION; QUALITY AB Two introduced French-type plantain (Musa, AAB) clones, Maiden and Dominican Red, were evaluated to determine the effect of bunch pruning on fruit grade and marketable yield. Pruning treatments consisted in the removal of the male floral bud and lower hands from the immature bunch to maintain either four, five or six uppermost hands. The false-horn type clone Maricongo with the unpruned bunch was used as a control. A reduction in the number of hands from six to four in bunches of the French type clones significantly increased bunch mean fruit weight and individual fruit weight per hand. Regardless of the pruning treatment, the French type clones produced significantly more fruits per bunch than the false-horn type Maricongo with the unpruned bunch. There was no significant difference among the French-type clones for number of fruits per bunch when pruned to either four, five or six uppermost hands. These clones averaged 54, 66 and 77 fruits with their bunches pruned to four, five and six hands, respectively. The false-horn-type Maricongo with unpruned bunches produced 48 fruits. However, regardless of the pruning treatment, bunches from Maiden were always significantly heavier than those of Dominican Red and the unpruned Maricongo. Bunches of Maiden pruned to four, five and six hands weighed 23.3, 25.4, and 26.7 kg, respectively. Unpruned Maricongo bunches weighed 20.1 kg. The French-type Maiden plantain with bunches pruned to five uppermost hands yielded 177,271 marketable fruits/per hectare, equivalent to 68,326 kg/ha. This amount represented a significant yield difference of 47,344 marketable fruits per hectare (14,257 kg/ha) when compared to the unpruned Maricongo bunches. All fruits obtained from the Maiden plantain bunches pruned to five hands exceeded the local market fruit weight criterion of 270 g, including fruits in the distal hand, which compared favorably in size with fruits in the fifth hand of the unpruned bunch of Maricongo. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Ste 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 142FB UT WOS:000244633700003 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Mott, TB AF MacNeil, MD Mott, TB TI Genetic analysis of gain from birth to weaning, milk production, and udder conformation in Line 1 Hereford cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; growth; heritability; maternal; udder score ID COWS; LONGEVITY; SELECTION; TRAITS; PARAMETERS; EFFICIENCY; WEIGHT; YIELD; HOLSTEINS; REASONS AB The objective of this research was to partition phenotypic variation in calf gain from birth to weaning, and milk production measured, by the weigh-suckle-weigh method, and udder score of cows into genetic and nongenetic components. Data were from the Line I Hereford population maintained by USDA-ARS at Miles City, MT, and included observations of pre-weaning gain (n = 6,835) from 2,172 dams, milk production (n = 692) from 403 cows, and udder score (n = 1,686) from 622 cows. Data were analyzed using a Gibbs sampler for multiple-trait animal models. Results are reported as means SD derived from the posterior distributions of parameter estimates. Mean estimates of the phenotypic variance of preweaning gain, milk production, and udder score were 476.3 kg(2), 8.88 kg(2), and 1.89 (1 to 9 scale), respectively. Estimates of phenotypic correlations between preweaning gain and milk production, preweaning gain and udder score, and milk production and udder score were 0.37 +/- 0.04, -0.07 +/- 0.04, and -0.09 +/- 0.05, respectively. Estimates of heritability for direct and maternal preweaning gain, milk production, and udder score were 0.13 +/- 0.03, 0.25 +/- 0.04, 0.25 +/- 0.06, and 0.23 +/- 0.05, respectively. Genetic correlations of milk production with maternal preweaning gain and udder score were estimated as 0.80 +/- 0.08 and -0.36 +/- 0.16, respectively. Posterior distributions of the other genetic correlations all contained 0.00 within the respective 90% probability density posterior intervals. Estimates of repeatability of maternal preweaning gain, milk production, and udder score were 0.43 +/- 0.03, 0.39 +/- 0.05, and 0.34 +/- 0.03, respectively. Breeding value for maternal gain from birth to weaning was highly predictive of breeding value for milk production. Direct measurement of milk production to use in genetic improvement may not be justified because it is difficult to measure, and selection based on the breeding value for maternal preweaning gain may be nearly as effective in changing milk production as direct selection. A potentially undesirable consequence of selection to increase milk production is the degradation of udder quality. However, this correlation is not so strong as to preclude simultaneous improvement of milk production and udder quality using appropriate predicted breeding values for each trait. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1639 EP 1645 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-697 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055GU UT WOS:000238439000001 PM 16775046 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Geary, TW Perry, GA Roberts, AJ Alexander, LJ AF MacNeil, MD Geary, TW Perry, GA Roberts, AJ Alexander, LJ TI Genetic partitioning of variation in ovulatory follicle size and probability of pregnancy in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; fertility; follicle; ovulation ID PUBERTAL TRAITS; FEMALES; PARAMETERS; HEIFERS AB The objectives of this research were to partition variation in ovulatory follicle size into genetic and nongenetic components and to assess the utility of ovulatory follicle size as an indicator trait associated with reproductive success in beef cattle. Data were collected during the years 2002 to 2005 from 780 beef females that ranged in age from 1 to 12 yr (mean of 2.4 observations per female). Data were analyzed with a multiple trait Gibbs sampler for animal models to make Bayesian inferences from flat priors. A chain of 500,000 Gibbs samples was thinned to every 200th sample to produce a posterior distribution composed of 2,500 samples. Heritability estimates (posterior mean +/- SD) were 0.16 +/- 0.03 for follicle size and 0.07 +/- 0.02 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 for pregnancy rate as a trait of the female and service sire, respectively. Posterior means of genetic correlations were all < 0.10, with 0.00 contained within the respective 90% probability density posterior intervals. Results indicate that whereas follicle size is of greater heritability than pregnancy rate, its usefulness to improve reproductive rate is greatest as an ancillary phenotype in multiple trait selection. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1646 EP 1650 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-698 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055GU UT WOS:000238439000002 PM 16775047 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Poulos, SP Richardson, RL Barb, CR Andacht, T Kirk, HC Mynatt, RL AF Hausman, G. J. Poulos, S. P. Richardson, R. L. Barb, C. R. Andacht, T. Kirk, H. C. Mynatt, R. L. TI Secreted proteins and genes in fetal and neonatal pig adipose tissue and stromal-vascular cells SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; cell culture; fat cell; gene microarray; proteomics; secreted factor ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ADIPOGENESIS IN-VIVO; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; GROWTH-FACTORS IGF; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; HUMAN PREADIPOCYTES; VISCERAL ADIPOSE AB Although microarray and proteomic studies have indicated the expression of unique and unexpected genes and their products in human and rodent adipose tissue, similar studies of meat animal adipose tissue have not been reported. Thus, total RNA was isolated from stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures (n = 4; 2 arrays; 2 cultures/array) from 90-d (79% of gestation) fetuses and adipose tissue from 105-d (92% of gestation) fetuses (n = 2) and neonatal (5-d-old) pigs (n = 2). Duplicate adipose tissue microarrays (n = 4) represented RNA samples from a pig and a fetus. Dye-labeled cDNA probes were hybridized to custom microarrays (70-mer oligonucleotides) representing more than 600 pig genes involved in growth and reproduction. Microarray studies showed significant expression of 40 genes encoding for known adipose tissue secreted proteins in fetal S-V cell cultures and adipose tissue. Expression of 10 genes encoding secreted proteins not known to be expressed by adipose tissue was also observed in neonatal adipose tissue and fetal S-V cell cultures. Additionally, the agouti gene was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in pig S-V cultures and adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue and fetal and young pig S-V cell culture-conditioned media identified multiple secreted proteins including heparin-like epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and several apolipoproteins. Another adipose tissue secreted protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, was identified by ELISA in S-V cell culture media. A group of 20 adipose tissue secreted proteins were detected or identified using the gene microarray and the proteomic and protein assay approaches including apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-E, relaxin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and IGF binding protein-5. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of several major secreted proteins in pig adipose tissue that may influence local and central metabolism and growth. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ghausman@saa.ars.usda.gov OI Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 71 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1666 EP 1681 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-539 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055GU UT WOS:000238439000005 PM 16775050 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Miller, DN Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, SL Miller, DN Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL TI Feeding high-moisture corn instead of dry-rolled corn reduces odorous compound production in manure of finishing beef cattle without decreasing performance SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the State of the Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management CY JAN 05-07, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX DE beef steer; odor compound; starch; volatile fatty acid ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; PROCESSING METHOD; DAIRY-COWS; DIETS; COMBINATIONS; NITROGEN; STEERS; WASTE AB We hypothesized that feeding steers ground high-moisture ensiled corn (HMC) in lieu of dry-rolled corn (DRC) would reduce the amount of starch being excreted in the manure and the associated odorous compound production. One hundred forty-eight crossbred steers (363 +/- 33 kg of BW) were fed a DRC- or HMC-based diet in a feeding trial, and 8 Charolaissired steers (447 22 kg of BW) were used in a nutrient balance study. Steers fed HMC tended to have a slightly lower DMI (P = 0.09), ADG (P = 0.06), and yield grade, but G:F, final HCW, and quality grade did not differ (P >= 0.23) between treatments. Compared with feeding DRC, feeding HMC decreased (P = 0.02) starch intake from 5,407 to 4,846 g/d, decreased (P < 0.01) fecal excretion of starch from 448 to 292 g/d, and increased (P = 0.03) starch digestibility from 91.7 to 94.1%. Nitrogen intake was greater (P < 0.01) for steers fed DRC than HMC in both studies, but N retention did not differ (P = 0.55). Heat production and energy retention did not differ between the 2 treatments (P >= 0.55). In manure slurries incubated for 35 d with soil and water, total NTFA concentration was lower (P < 0.01) in manure from steers fed HMC (1,625 mu mol/g of DM) compared with steers fed DRC (3,041 mu mol/g of DM). Lower initial (d 0) starch concentrations and greater initial pH was also observed in the slurries from the HMC manure. By d 3 of slurry incubation, there was an increase (P < 0.01) in free glucose and L-lactic acid in the DRC slurries but not in the HMC slurries. During manure incubation, alcohol and VFA content increased (P < 0.01) and pH declined, but to a lesser extent (P < 0.01) in the HMC slurries. However, branched-chain VFA increased more (P < 0.01) in the HMC slurries than in the DRC slurries. These data suggest that feeding HMC instead of DRC decreased fecal starch and production of some potentially odorous compounds in a finishing cattle system but had little impact on animal productivity. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM ferrell@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1767 EP 1777 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-448 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055GU UT WOS:000238439000016 PM 16775061 ER PT J AU Flores, R Looper, ML Kreider, DL Post, NM Rosenkrans, CF AF Flores, R Looper, ML Kreider, DL Post, NM Rosenkrans, CF TI Estrous behavior and initiation of estrous cycles in postpartum Brahman-influenced cows after treatment with progesterone and prostaglandin F-2 alpha SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anestrus; beef cow; estrous behavior; progesterone; prostaglandin ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; TIMED ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; PERIPUBERTAL BEEF HEIFERS; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; BOS-INDICUS; BODY CONDITION; PLUS PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NORGESTOMET IMPLANT; ESTRUS DETECTION AB Spring-calving, crossbred (1/4 to 3/8 Brahman) primiparous (n = 56) and multiparous (n = 102) beef cows were used to evaluate the effects of progesterone, delivered via a controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) device, and prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) on estrous behavior, synchronization rate, initiation of estrous cycles, and pregnancy rate during a 2-yr period. To determine luteal activity, weekly blood samples were collected 3 wk before initiation of a 75-d breeding season. Treated cows received a CIDR for 7 d beginning on d -7 of the breeding season. On d 0, CIDR were removed, and cows receiving CIDR were administered PGF(2 alpha); control cows received no treatment. Cows were exposed to bulls, and estrous activity was monitored using a radiotelemetry system for the first 30 d of the breeding season. Treatment with CIDR-PGF(2 alpha) increased (P < 0.05) the number of mounts received (22.5 +/- 3.0 vs. 13.7 +/- 3.9 for CIDR-PGF(2 alpha) VS- untreated control cows, respectively) but did not influence duration of estrus or quiescence between mounts. Number of mounts received and duration of estrus were greater (P < 0.05) in multiparous compared with primiparous cows. Synchronization of estrus was greater (P < 0.05) in cows treated with CIDR-PGF(2 alpha) (56%) compared with control cows (13%) during the first 3 d of the breeding season. More (P < 0.05) anestrous cows treated with CIDR-PGF(2 alpha) than anestrous control cows were in estrus during the first 3 d (59 vs. 12%) and 30 d (82 vs. 63%) of the breeding season. Treatment with CIDR-PGF(2 alpha) decreased (P < 0.05) the interval to first estrus after treatment during the first 30 d of the breeding season compared with control cows (5.5 +/- 1.1 vs. 9.0 +/- 1.4 d). First service conception rate was greater (P < 0.05) in CIDR-PGF(2 alpha)-treated cows compared with control cows. Cyclic cows at initiation of the breeding season had an increased (P < 0.05) 75-d pregnancy rate compared with anestrous cows, and the pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in multiparous compared with primiparous cows. We conclude that treatment of Brahman-influenced cows with progesterone via a CIDR for 7 d, along with administration of PGF(2 alpha) at CIDR removal, increases the number of mounts received, improves synchronization and first service conception rates, decreases the interval to first estrus after treatment, and may be effective at inducing estrous cycles in anestrous cows. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mlooper@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1916 EP 1925 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-692 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055GU UT WOS:000238439000031 PM 16775076 ER PT J AU Cobb, JM Mattice, JD Senseman, SA Dumas, JA Mersie, W Riley, MB Potter, TL Mueller, TC Watson, EB AF Cobb, Jean M. Mattice, John D. Senseman, Scott A. Dumas, Jose A. Mersie, Wondi Riley, Melissa B. Potter, Thomas L. Mueller, Thomas C. Watson, Elizabeth B. TI Stability of pesticides on solid-phase extraction disks after incubation at various temperatures and for various time intervals: interlaboratory study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; WATER SAMPLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EFFICIENCY; RECOVERY; HERBICIDES; SURFACE AB An interlaboratory study was conducted at 8 locations to assess the stability of pesticides on solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks after incubation at various temperatures and for various, time intervals. Deionized water fortified with selected pesticides was extracted by using 2 types of SPE filtration disks (Empore (TM) C-18 and Speedisk((R)) C18XF), and after extraction, the disks were incubated at 3 temperatures (25, 40, and 55 degrees C) and for 2 time intervals (4 and 14 days). Deionized water was fortified with atrazine, carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos by all participating laboratories. In addition, some of the laboratories included 2 of the following pesticides: metolachlor, metribuzin, simazine, chlorothalonil, and malathion. Concurrently, fortified water samples were extracted with the incubated samples by using each disk type at 4 and 14 days. Pesticides had equivalent or greater stability on 1 of the C-18 disk types, compared with storage in water. The lowest recoveries of carbofuran (6%) and chlorpyrifos (7%) were obtained at 55 degrees C after storage for 14 days in incubated water. At 55 degrees C after 14 days, the lowest recovery for atrazine was 65% obtained by using Empore disks. Pesticide-specific losses occurred on the C-18 disks in this study, underlining the importance of temperature and time interval when water is extracted at remote field locations and the SPE disks containing the extracted pesticides are transported or shipped to a laboratory for elution and analysis. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Pesticide Residue Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cobb, JM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Pesticide Residue Lab, 352 Litton Reaves Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmcc@vt.edu RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 903 EP 912 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069TH UT WOS:000239470600002 PM 16915825 ER PT J AU Grothaus, GD Bandla, M Currier, T Giroux, R Jenkins, GR Lipp, M Shan, GM Stave, JW Pantella, V AF Grothaus, G. David Bandla, Murali Currier, Thomas Giroux, Randal Jenkins, G. Ronald Lipp, Markus Shan, Guomin Stave, James W. Pantella, Virginia TI Immunoassay as an analytical tool in agricultural biotechnology SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PROTEIN; FOODS; CORN; SOIL; VALIDATION; SEED; EXTRACTION AB Immunoassays for biotechnology engineered proteins are used by AgBiotech companies at numerous points in product development and by feed and food suppliers for compliance and contractual purposes. Although AgBiotech companies use the technology during product development and seed production, other stakeholders from the food and feed supply chains, such as commodity, food, and feed companies, as well as third-party diagnostic testing companies, also rely on immunoassays for a number of purposes. The primary use of immunoassays is to verify the presence or absence of genetically modified (GM) material in a product or to quantify the amount of GM material present in a product. This article describes the fundamental elements of GM analysis using immunoassays and especially its application to the testing of grains. The 2 most commonly used formats are lateral flow devices (LFD) and plate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The main applications of both formats are discussed in general, and the benefits and drawbacks are discussed in detail. The document highlights the many areas to which attention must be paid in order to produce reliable test results. These include sample preparation, method validation, choice of appropriate reference. materials, and biological and instrumental sources of error. The article also discusses issues related to the analysis of different matrixes, and the effects they may have on the accuracy of the immunoassays. C1 EnviroLogix Inc, Portland, ME 04103 USA. USDA, Plant Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Cargill Inc, Wayzata, MN 55391 USA. USDA, Packers & Stockyard Adm, Kansas City, MO 64154 USA. Int Bottled Water Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Strateg Diagnot Inc, Newark, DE 19713 USA. VIP Consulting Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. RP Grothaus, GD (reprint author), EnviroLogix Inc, 500 Riverside Ind Pkwy, Portland, ME 04103 USA. EM davidgrothaus@envirologix.com RI Markus, Lipp/A-1404-2011 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 913 EP 928 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069TH UT WOS:000239470600003 PM 16915826 ER PT J AU Ozay, G Seyhan, F Yilmaz, A Whitaker, TB Slate, AB Giesbrecht, F AF Ozay, Guner Seyhan, Ferda Yilmaz, Aysun Whitaker, Thomas B. Slate, Andrew B. Giesbrecht, Francis TI Sampling hazelnuts for aflatoxin: Uncertainty associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RAW SHELLED PEANUTS; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; PART I AB The variability associated with the aflatoxin test procedure used to estimate aflatoxin levels in bulk shipments of hazelnuts was investigated. Sixteen 10 kg samples of shelled hazelnuts were taken from each of 20 lots that were suspected of aflatoxin contamination. The total variance. associated with testing shelled hazelnuts was estimated and partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variance components. Each variance component increased as aflatoxin concentration (either 131 or total) increased. With the use of regression analysis, mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between aflatoxin concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. The expressions for these relationships were used to estimate the variance for any sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses for a specific aflatoxin concentration. The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances associated with estimating aflatoxin in a hazelnut lot at a total aflatoxin level of 10 ng/g and using a 10 kg sample, a 50 g subsample, dry comminution with a Robot Coupe mill, and a high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method are 174.40, 0.74, and 0.27, respectively. The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps of the aflatoxin test procedure accounted for 99.4, 0.4, and 0.2% of the total variability, respectively. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. TUBITAK Marmara Res Ctr, Food Inst, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069TH UT WOS:000239470600014 PM 16915837 ER PT J AU Vargas, EA Whitaker, TB Santos, EA Slate, AB Lima, FB Franca, RCA AF Vargas, Eugenia A. Whitaker, Thomas B. Santos, Eliene A. Slate, Andrew B. Lima, Francisco B. Franca, Regina C. A. TI Testing green coffee for ochratoxin A, part III: Performance of ochratoxin A sampling plan SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Green coffee shipments are often inspected for ochratoxin A (OTA) and classified into good or bad categories depending on whether the OTA estimates are above or below a defined regulatory limit. Because of the uncertainty associated with the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps of an OTA test procedure, some shipments of green coffee will be misclassified. The misclassification of lots leads to some good lots being rejected (sellers' risk) and some bad lots being accepted (buyers' risk) by an OTA sampling plan. Reducing the uncertainty of an OTA test procedure and using an accept/reject limit less than the regulatory limit can reduce the magnitude of one or both risks. The uncertainty of the OTA test procedure is most effectively reduced by increasing sample size (or increasing the number of samples analyzed), because the sampling step is the largest source of uncertainty in the OTA test procedure. The effects of increasing sample size and changing the sample accept/reject limit relative to the regulatory limit on the performance of OTA sampling plans for green coffee were investigated. For a given accept/reject limit of 5 mu g/kg, increasing sample size increased the percentage of lots accepted at concentrations below the regulatory limit and increased the percentage of lots rejected at concentrations above the regulatory limit. As a result, increasing sample size reduced both the number of good lots rejected (sellers'risk) and the number of bad lots accepted (buyers'risk). For a given sample size (1 kg), decreasing the sample accept/reject limit from 5 to 2 mu g/kg relative to a fixed regulatory limit of 5 mu g/kg decreased the percentage of lots accepted and increased the percentage of lots rejected at all OTA concentrations. As a result, decreasing the accept/reject limit below the regulatory limit increased the number of good lots rejected (sellers' risk), but decreased the number of bad lots accepted (buyers'risk). C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Lab Controle Qual & Seguranca Alimentar, LAV MG, BR-30380090 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Minist Agr Pecuria & Abastecimento, Dept Cafe, BR-86038000 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. RP Vargas, EA (reprint author), Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Lab Controle Qual & Seguranca Alimentar, LAV MG, Av Raja Gabaglia 245,Cidade Jardim, BR-30380090 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM gena@cdlnet.com.br NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1026 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 069TH UT WOS:000239470600016 PM 16915839 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, N Chan, KL May, GS AF Kim, JH Campbell, BC Mahoney, N Chan, KL May, GS TI Targeting antioxidative signal transduction and stress response system: control of pathogenic Aspergillus with phenolics that inhibit mitochondrial function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal; antioxidative stress; Aspergillus; mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; phenolics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID CHRONOLOGICAL LIFE-SPAN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; YEAST; FUMIGATUS; FLAVUS; MODEL; OVEREXPRESSION; THIOREDOXIN AB Aims: The aim of this study was to show whether antioxidative response systems are potentially useful molecular targets for control of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. Selected phenolic agents are used in target-gene-based bioassays to determine their impact on mitochondrial respiration. Methods and Results: Vanillyl acetone, vanillic acid, vanillin, cinnamic acid, veratraldehyde, m-coumaric acid (phenolic agents to which Saccharomyces cerevisiae sod2 Delta mutant showed sensitivity), carboxin (inhibits complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain), strobilurins/antimycin A (inhibits complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) and fludioxonil/fenpiclonil [antifungals potentiated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] were examined in A. fumigatus, A. flavus and S. cerevisiae. Individual or combined application of phenolics with inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration showed some of the phenolics effectively inhibited fungal growth. Target-gene bioassays were performed using a sakA Delta (MAPK deletion) strain of A. fumigatus and a complementation analysis using the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene (sodA) of A. flavus in the ortholog mutant, sod2 Delta, of S. cerevisiae. The results demonstrated that mitochondrial antioxidative stress system plays important roles in fungal response to antifungal agents tested. Conclusions: Antioxidative response systems of fungi can be an efficient molecular target of phenolics for pathogen control. Combined application of phenolics with inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration can effectively suppress the growth of fungi. Significance and Impact of Study: Natural compounds that do not pose any significant medical or environmental risks could serve as useful alternatives or additives to conventional antifungals. Identifying the antioxidative response systems in other pathogens could improve methods for fungal control. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Unit 54, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 101 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02882.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 055GO UT WOS:000238438400020 PM 16834605 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Dibble, ED AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Dibble, Eric D. TI Evaluating the feasibility of planting aquatic plants in shallow lakes in the Mississippi Delta SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE lakes; littoral zone; restoration; aquatic plants; active planting; Mississippi ID SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT AB Planting aquatic plants is a technique used to restore native aquatic plants in lakes. However, the feasibility of using this restoration technique in shallow lakes in the Mississippi Delta has not been evaluated. We conducted two exclosure experiments to evaluate the success of planting aquatic plants in a shallow lake in the Mississippi Delta. We planted three emergent and one submersed species in experiment 1 and four submersed species in experiment 2. Each experiment contained a control treatment in which no aquatic plants were planted. We measured physico-chemical characteristics of sediment and water and monitored aquatic plants in each exclosure. No differences in mean sediment and water parameters were observed among planting treatments in either experiment. Squarestern spikerush (Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes) and arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia Willd.) exhibited the greatest mean percentage cover and the lowest probably of extinction in experiment 1. Additionally, blunt spikerush (Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes) and squarestem spikerush had the greatest mean stem density in experiment 1. Only mean percentage cover differed among planting treatments in experiment 2, and fragrant water lily (Nymphaea odorata Ait.) exhibited a greater mean percentage cover than the control. Our results suggest that the squarestem spikerush and fragrant water lily may be the best candidate species for aquatic plant restoration projects in shallow lakes within the Mississippi Delta. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400001 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ AF Moran, Patrick J. TI Water nutrients, plant nutrients, and indicators of biological control on waterhyacinth at Texas field sites SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eichhornia crassipes; nutrients; biological control; aquatic weed; disturbance ID CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; EICHHORNIA-CRASSIPES; NITROGEN; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; WATERHYACINTH; REMOVAL; HERBIVORY; BIOMASS; CURCULIONIDAE AB The impact of biological control agents on waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) may depend on water nutrient levels, via their effects on plant nutrients and biomass. This study examined associations between water and plant nutrients, and between nutrients, plant biomass and damage, and placed these associations in the context of variable field site disturbance related to chemical and mechanical control and natural factors. Fifteen sites in coastal Texas were sampled, some repeatedly. Water samples were analyzed for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP). Plant biomass, damage to leaf laminae by adult waterhyacinth weevils (Neochetina spp.), necrosis caused by a fungal plant pathogen (Cercospora piaropi), and leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content were determined. DIN was positively correlated with leaf N and P content. Water and plant nutrients were not linked to plant biomass. Plant N content was negatively associated with leaf damage by waterhyacinth weevils. In December 2003, DIN and SRP values were 2.6- and 2.2-fold higher, respectively, at five sites on the Rio Grande that had been subjected to mechanical and chemical control than at four sites off of the river. In 2004, sites at which natural disturbance and/or plant removal were frequent did not vary from low-disturbance sites in water or plant nutrient levels or in plant biomass. Damage by weevils and coverage by C. piaropi were 3.1-fold and 1.4-fold higher, respectively, at sites with low disturbance. The role of biological control agents in limiting waterhyacinth growth and invasion depends in part on interactions between water and plant nutrients, plant nutrients and weevil damage, and disturbance factors acting on weed populations. C1 ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM pmoran@weslaco.ars.tisda.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400006 ER PT J AU Flores, D Carlson, JW AF Flores, Daniel Carlson, J. W. TI Biological control of giant salvinia in East Texas waterways and the impact on dissolved oxygen levels SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cyrtobagous salviniae; Salvinia molesta; aquatic weed; biocontrol; fern ID FLOATING WEED SALVINIA; MOLESTA; AUSTRALIA AB Over 651,000 larvae, pupae, and adult salvinia weevils (Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands) were released in late 2001 at five sites in East Texas for biological control of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell). The agent quickly established and populations of salvinia were reduced to less than ten percent of the original infestation at four of the sites within nine months. After plant coverage was reduced by sustained weevil feeding, mean dissolved oxygen (DO) levels increased > 2.5 fold just nine months after insect release. DO averaged only 1.7 mg/l before release and 4.3 mg/l after plants were removed by sustained weevil feeding. This result was a significant increase in mean DO of 2.6 mg/l at all the sites where biological control strategies were effective. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management,Moore AFB, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Flores, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management,Moore AFB, Bldg S-6414,22675 N Moorerfield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM daniel.flores@usda.gov; jason.carlson@usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400007 ER PT J AU Mathis, VL Whitford, WG Kay, FR Alkon, PU AF Mathis, VL Whitford, WG Kay, FR Alkon, PU TI Effects of grazing and shrub removal on small mammal populations in southern New Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE American southwest; Chihuahuan desert; grazing; Prosopis glandulosa; shrub removal; small mammals ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LIVESTOCK EXCLOSURE; GRASSLAND SITE; ANNUAL PLANTS; VEGETATION; RODENTS; DESERTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES AB Between 1995 and 1997, grazing regimes and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) shrub removal were combined in a factorial arrangement to assess changes in small mammal communities on the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Small mammals were live-trapped biannually in winter and at the end of the growing season (fall). We examined changes in abundances, species richness, species and biomass diversity, and mean captures and biomass. Species richness did not change significantly with treatments but was seasonally higher in spring 1996 compared to the fall 1996. A decrease in species and biomass diversities were seen in fall 1996 and an increase in both diversities in fall 1997. No plots reached the same species richness, abundance, or diversity encountered during a pre-treatment study in 1993. Spring 1995 and fall 1996 revealed significant reactions to the combination of the applied treatments, yet no overall pattern can be elucidated. Environmental fluctuations such as variable rainfall and inherent stochasticity of the ecosystem may explain the lack of pattern, and only emphasizes the need for more long-term studies assessing the effects of vegetation alteration on dependent communities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Mathis, VL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM verity@nmsu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.10.015 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050EG UT WOS:000238069700006 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Herrick, JE AF Beever, EA Herrick, JE TI Effects of feral horses in Great Basin landscapes on soils and ants: Direct and indirect mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Equus caballus; Formica; Pogonomyrmex; Nevada; disturbance; conservation ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; HARVESTER ANTS; COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; DENSITY; DESERT; RANGE AB We compared soil-surface penetration resistance and abundance of ant mounds at 12 western Great Basin sites (composed of 19 plots) either grazed by feral horses (Equus caballus) or having had horses removed for the last 10-14 years. Across this broad spatial domain (3.03 million ha), we minimized confounding due to abiotic factors by selecting horse-occupied and horse-removed sites with similar aspect, slope, fire history, grazing pressure by cattle (minimal to none), and dominant vegetation (Artemisia tridentata). During both 1997 and 1998, we found 2.2-8.4 times greater abundance of ant mounds and 3.0-15.4 times lower penetration resistance in soil surfaces at horse-removed sites. In 1998, thatched Formica ant mounds, which existed predominately at high elevations, were 3.3 times more abundant at horse-removed sites, although abundance varied widely among sites within treatments. Several types of analyses suggested that horses rather than environmental variability were the primary source of treatment differences we observed in ecosystem components. Tests of several predictions suggest that alterations occurred through not only direct effects, but also indirect effects and potentially feedback loops. Free-roaming horses as well as domestic grazers should be considered in conservation planning and land management in the Great Basin, an ecoregion that represents both an outstanding conservation opportunity and challenge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM erik_beever@nps.gov NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 96 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.11.006 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050EG UT WOS:000238069700008 ER PT J AU Simeone, MC Gedye, KR Mason-Gamer, R Gill, BS Morris, CF AF Simeone, Marco C. Gedye, Kristene R. Mason-Gamer, Roberta Gill, Bikram S. Morris, Craig F. TI Conserved regulatory elements identified from a comparative puroindoline gene sequence survey of Triticum and Aegilops diploid taxa SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE puroindolines; kernel texture; grain hardness; gene sequence; promoter; Triticeae; wheat; evolution ID ENDOSPERM-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; STORAGE PROTEIN GLUTELIN; WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; MULTIGENE FAMILY; ALPHA-AMYLASE; PROLAMIN-BOX; DOF PROTEIN; RICE AB Kernel texture ('hardness') is an important trait that determines end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum turgidum ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Variation in texture is associated with the presence/absence or sequence polymorphism of two proteins, puroindoline a and puroindoline b. This work describes the flanking and coding region sequences of puroindoline genes from 25 accessions representing wild diploid taxa of the Triticeae related to the three genomes of T. aestivum. Analysis of variation at the nucleotide level included hard and soft T aestivum wheat cultivars. Various degrees of insertions/deletions and point mutations were found, that did not affect the overall sequence structure identity. Nucleotide sequence comparisons and database searches facilitated the identification of the 5' proximal regulating regions, revealing the presence of several putative control elements. An absolute conservation of some known regulatory elements for tissue specificity was observed, while different rates of conservation of reiterated motifs with possible enhancer functions, and the exclusive presence of some elements either in puroindoline a or puroindoline b were also found. A total of 24 new puroindoline alleles (unique sequences) were identified. Despite some primary structure variation, the main features of puroindolines, i.e. the signal peptide, the cysteine backbone, the tryptophan-rich domain, the hydrophobicity and basic identity of the proteins were all conserved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Tuscia, Dept Technol Engn & Sci Forests & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab,Food Sci & Human Nutr Faci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Simeone, MC (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dept Technol Engn & Sci Forests & Environm, Via S Camillo Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. EM mcsimeone@unitus.it NR 62 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.02.002 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 061AQ UT WOS:000238844000003 ER PT J AU DuPont, FM Hurkman, WJ Vensel, WH Chan, R Lopez, R Tanaka, CK Altenbach, SB AF DuPont, F. M. Hurkman, W. J. Vensel, W. H. Chan, R. Lopez, R. Tanaka, C. K. Altenbach, S. B. TI Differential accumulation of sulfur-rich and sulfur-poor wheat flour proteins is affected by temperature and mineral nutrition during grain development SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gliadin; glutenin; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; nitrogen ID WINTER-WHEAT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; BAKING QUALITY; HEAT-STRESS; GLUTENIN; ENDOSPERM; IDENTIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; PROPORTIONS; QUANTITIES AB Hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Butte86) was grown under controlled environmental conditions and grain produced under 24/17 degrees C, 37/17 degrees C or 37/28 degrees C day/night regimens with or without post-anthesis N supplied as NPK. Flour proteins were analyzed and quantified by differential fractionation and RP-HPLC, and endosperm proteins were assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). High temperature or NPK during grain fill increased protein percentage and altered the proportions of S-rich and S-poor proteins. Addition of NPK increased protein accumulation per grain under the 24/17 degrees C but not the 37/28 degrees C regimen. However, flour protein composition was similar for grain produced with NPK at 24/17 degrees C or 37/28 degrees C. 2-DE of gluten proteins during grain development revealed that NPK or high temperature increased the accumulation rate for S-poor proteins more than for S-rich proteins. Flour S content did not indicate S-deficiency, however, and addition of post-anthesis S had no effect on protein composition. Although, high-protein flour from grain produced under the 37/28 degrees C regimen with or without NPK had loaf volumes comparable to flour produced at 24/17 degrees C with NPK, mixing tolerance was decreased by the high temperature regimen. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Biosource Invitrogen Corp, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. RP DuPont, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.04.003 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 061AQ UT WOS:000238844000013 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Jang, EB Nagata, J Carvalho, L AF Khrimian, Ashot Jang, Eric B. Nagata, Janice Carvalho, Lori TI Consumption and metabolism of 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-Propenyl)Benzene, a fluorine analog of methyl eugenol, in the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oriental fruit fly; Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); methyl eugenol; 1,2,dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene; metabolism; 2-(3-fluoro,2-propenyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol; coniferyl alcohol ID MONOFLUORO ANALOGS; DACUS-DORSALIS; MALE ANNIHILATION; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTANTS; DIPTERA; DERIVATIVES; SAFROLE; ERADICATION; SUBSTANCES AB Methyl eugenol (ME) is a natural phenylpropanoid highly attractive to oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) males. The flies eagerly feed on ME and produce hydroxylated metabolites with both pheromonal and allomonal functions. Side-chain metabolic activation of ME has long been recognized as a primary reason for hepatocarcinogenicity of this compound on rodents. In an attempt to develop a safer alternative to ME for fruit fly management, we developed a fluorine analog 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene (I), which, in earlier field tests, was as active to the oriental fruit fly as ME. Now we report that B. dorsalis males are not only attracted to, but also eagerly consume (up to similar to 1 mg/insect) compound I, thus recognizing this fluorinated benzene as a close kin of the natural ME. The flies metabolized the fluorine analog I in a similar fashion producing mostly two hydroxylated products, 2-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (II) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (III), which they stored in rectal glands. However, the introduction of the fluorine atom at the terminal carbon atom of the double bond favors the ring hydroxylation over a side-chain metabolic oxidation pathway, by which coniferyl alcohol is produced. It also appears that fluorination overall impedes the metabolism: at high feed rate (10 mu l per 10 males), the flies consumed in total more fluorine analog I than ME but were unable to metabolize it as efficiently as ME. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Rm 301,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM khrimiaa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1513 EP 1526 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9066-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061HK UT WOS:000238862000010 PM 16794866 ER PT J AU Danci, A Gries, R Schaefer, PW Gries, G AF Danci, Adela Gries, Regine Schaefer, Paul W. Gries, Gerhard TI Evidence for four-component close-range sex pheromone in the parasitic wasp Glyptapanteles flavicoxis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glyptapanteles flavicoxis; Lymantria dispar; hymenoptera; braconidae; parasitoid; close-range sex pheromone; wing fanning ID GRANDII GOIDANICH HYMENOPTERA; RETICULATUS WATANABE HYMENOPTERA; APHIDIUS-NIGRIPES HYMENOPTERA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; ADOXOPHYES SP LEPIDOPTERA; SMALLER TEA TORTRIX; MATING-BEHAVIOR; GYPSY-MOTH; BRACONIDAE; APANTELES AB Females of the parasitic wasp Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) deposit a close-range sex pheromone from their abdominal tip that attracts conspecific males and elicits wing-fanning behavior. In this study, we isolated the pheromone components and determined their role in the males' behavior. In coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of the females' body extract, four components (below GC detection) elicited strong responses from male antennae. Monitored by GC-EAD, the components were separated by flash silica gel and high-performance liquid chromatography. Y-tube olfactometer experiments with one or more components revealed that all are necessary to elicit short-range attraction and wing-fanning responses by males. These components remained below detection threshold of the mass spectrometer (similar to 10 pg) even when 4500 female equivalents were analyzed in a single injection, which attests to the potency of the pheromone and the insects' sensitivity to it. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Gries, G (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM gries@sfu.ca NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1539 EP 1554 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9068-1 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 061HK UT WOS:000238862000012 PM 16718559 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF TI Nonfood applications of proteinaceous renewable materials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; SILK FIBERS; ZEIN FILMS; KERATIN; ISOLATE; CELL; PLASTICIZERS C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1003 EP 1009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 057IJ UT WOS:000238589200008 ER PT J AU Pesce, J Kaviratne, M Ramalingam, TR Thompson, RW Urban, JF Cheever, AW Young, DA Collins, M Grusby, MJ Wynn, TA AF Pesce, John Kaviratne, Mallika Ramalingam, Thirumalai R. Thompson, Robert W. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Cheever, Allen W. Young, Deborah A. Collins, Mary Grusby, Michael J. Wynn, Thomas A. TI The IL-21 receptor augments Th2 effector function and alternative macrophage activation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; B-CELLS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; GRANULOMATOUS PATHOLOGY; ANTITUMOR RESPONSES; HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TISSUE FIBROSIS; IFN-GAMMA AB The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) shows significant homology with the IL-4R, and CD4(+)Th2 cells are an important source of IL-21. Here we examined whether the IL-21R regulates the development of Th2 responses in vivo. To do this, we infected IL-21R(-/-) mice with the Th2-inducing pathogens Schistosoma mansoni and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and examined the influence of IL-21R deficiency on the development of Th2-dependent pathology. We showed that granulomatous inflammation and liver fibrosis were significantly reduced in S. manson infected IL-21R(-/-) mice and in IL-21R(+/+) mice treated with soluble IL-21R-Fc (sIL-21R-Fc). The impaired granulomatous response was also associated with a marked reduction in Th2 cytokine expression and function, as evidenced by the attenuated IL-4, IL-13, AMCase, Ym1, and FIZZ1 (also referred to as RELM alpha) responses in the tissues. A similarly impaired Th2 response was observed following N. brasiliensis infection. In vitro, IL-21 significantly augmented IL-4R alpha and IL-13R alpha 1 expression in macrophages, resulting in increased FIZZ1 mRNA and arginase-1 activity following stimulation with IL-4 and IL-13. As such, these data identify the IL-21R as an important amplifier of alternative macrophage activation. Collectively, these results illustrate an essential function for the IL-21R in the development of pathogen-induced Th2 responses, which may have relevance in therapies for both inflammatory and chronic fibrotic diseases. C1 NIAID, Immunopathol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Biomed Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Wyeth Res, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wynn, TA (reprint author), NIAID, Immunopathol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6154,MSC 8003, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM twynn@niaid.nih.gov RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 59 TC 187 Z9 204 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 116 IS 7 BP 2044 EP 2055 DI 10.1172/JCI27727 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 062DN UT WOS:000238924900037 PM 16778988 ER PT J AU Moreira, VR Satter, LD AF Moreira, VR Satter, LD TI Effect of scraping frequency in a freestall barn on volatile nitrogen loss from dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen to phosphorus ratio; nitrogen volatilization; dairy; season ID AMMONIA EMISSION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; MILK-PRODUCTION; CUBICLE HOUSE; COWS; PHOSPHORUS; PROTEIN; POLLUTION; SYSTEMS; HEALTH AB The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of scraping frequency (2 x vs. 6 x daily) on N volatilization from manure on the floor of a dairy free-stall barn. Three trials (crossover design) were conducted in the summers of 2001 and 2002, and in the winter of 2003. Nitrogen volatilization was estimated from the change in the N:P ratio in excreta at the time of excretion to the time when manure was scraped from the barn. Total N loss was considered a maximum estimate of NH3- N loss, because small amounts of nonammonia N may be volatilized. Nitrogen was determined after manure subsamples were lyophilized; P content was measured by direct current emission spectroscopy of ashed subsamples of manure. Lactating dairy cows were fed high-protein (18.5 to 19.3% crude protein), alfalfa-based diets. Average milk yield was 31.9 (SD = 7.4) kg/d. Scraping frequency had no effect on N loss in summer 2001. An average of 41% of excreted N, or 238 +/- 19.0 g of N/d per cow, was volatilized. For the trial in summer 2002, nitrogen volatilization was reduced from 50% of the excreted N with 2 x to 46.7% with 6 x, equivalent to 265 and 248 g of N lost/d per cow, respectively. Scraping had no effect on N volatilization during the winter trial. An average of 17.7% of excreted N was volatilized during the winter, equivalent to 109 +/- 11.0 g of N lost/d per cow. Scraping frequency of manure had little or no effect on N loss from manure in a freestall barn. Nitrogen loss during the winter was less than half of the loss during the summer. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moreira, VR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, SE Res Stn, Highway 16 W,PO Drawer 567, Franklinton, LA 70438 USA. EM VMoreira@agcenter.lsu.edu RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2579 EP 2587 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 053GJ UT WOS:000238293300028 PM 16772577 ER PT J AU Kimura, K Reinhardt, TA Goff, JP AF Kimura, K Reinhardt, TA Goff, JP TI Parturition and hypocalcemia blunts calcium signals in immune cells of dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endoplasmic reticulum; flow cytometry; immunosuppression; signal transduction ID T-LYMPHOCYTES; RAT HEPATOCYTES; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TYROSINE KINASE; RECEPTOR; COWS; NEUTROPHIL; CALRETICULIN; HOMEOSTASIS AB The stress of parturition in the dairy cow is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease. During the periparturient period the demands for calcium are increased; these increased demands for calcium can result in subclinical or clinical hypocalcemia. Periparturient cows also experience significant immune suppression. Because intracellular calcium signaling is a key early feature in immune cell activation, we have hypothesized that the increased demand for calcium in periparturient cows may adversely affect intracellular calcium stores of immune cells. This reduction in intracellular calcium stores in immune cells could blunt intracellular calcium release following an activating stimulus, contributing to the immune suppression seen in these animals. To test this hypothesis, peripheral mononuclear cells were obtained from 27 multiparous dairy cows spanning a period of 2 wk before and 2 wk after parturition. Following activation of these cells by anti-CD3 antibodies plus secondary antibodies, intracellular calcium release from intracellular stores was measured. The intracellular calcium released in response to the activation signal declined as calcium demand for lactation became more intense and recovered as plasma calcium normalized. Intracellular calcium stores in peripheral mononuclear cells, estimated by pretreating cells with pervanadate and ionomycin, significantly decreased at parturition and returned to normal levels as the cows' blood calcium returned to normal levels. Hypocalcemia, which is common in periparturient dairy cows, is associated with decreased intracellular calcium stores in peripheral mononuclear cells. Our data suggest that this is the cause of a blunted intracellular calcium release response to an immune cell activation signal. It is concluded that intracellular Ca stores decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before parturition and development of hypocalcemia. This suggests that systemic calcium stress precedes measurable hypocalcemia, particularly in cows that will develop milk fever. Therefore, PBMC intracellular Ca stores are a more sensitive measure of calcium stresses in transition cow. This decrease in PBMC intracellular Ca stores before parturition and the development of hypocalcemia contributes to periparturient immune suppression. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kimura, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kkimura@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 34 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2588 EP 2595 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 053GJ UT WOS:000238293300029 PM 16772578 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Miller, RH AF VanRaden, PM Miller, RH TI Effects of nonadditive genetic interactions, inbreeding, and recessive defects on embryo and fetal loss by seventy days SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonreturn rate; recessive defect; inbreeding; dominance ID HOLSTEIN CATTLE; FERTILITY; MORTALITY; DEFICIENCY; SYNTHASE; TRAITS AB Lethal recessive genes that cause early embryo loss are difficult to detect. Nonreturn rate at 70 d after first insemination (NR) was evaluated as a trait of the embryo using 1,739,055 first-service records from 1,251 Holstein bulls represented as both service sires and sires of cows. Effects modeled included herd-year-season, parity of cow, sire of cow, service bull, interaction of service bull with sire of cow, and regression on inbreeding of embryo. Variances of service bull and sire of cow were estimated using REML and estimated effects were removed from the data. Interaction variance was estimated from the residuals using the tilde-hat approximation to REML. An additive relationship matrix was used for sire of cow and a dominance relationship matrix for the interaction term. Service bull effects were assumed constant across time and unrelated. For each 10% increase in inbreeding, NR percentage declined by an estimated 1%. A regression of this size could be explained by > 20% of animals carrying defects that cause early embryo loss. Of the total variance, service bull contributed 0.36%; sire of cow, 0.24% (heritability of 1.0%); and interaction, 0.18% ( dominance variance of 2.8%). Numbers of records exceeded 500 for 50 bull pair subclasses. Predicted interactions that included effects of inbreeding ranged from -3.6% to +2.9%, compared with the mean NR of 56%. The largest negative interactions were not caused by known recessive defects. Complex vertebral malformation generally causes loss of pregnancies later in gestation, and few current bulls carry the gene for deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase. Further study of the families with largest negative interactions could uncover new recessive defects. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2716 EP 2721 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 053GJ UT WOS:000238293300041 PM 16772590 ER PT J AU Cole, JB VanRaden, PM AF Cole, JB VanRaden, PM TI Genetic evaluation and best prediction of lactation persistency SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE best prediction; genetic evaluation; persistency ID TEST-DAY YIELDS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; PARAMETERS; COWS; HOLSTEINS; TRAITS AB Cows with high persistency tend to produce less milk than expected at the beginning of lactation and more than expected at the end. Best prediction of persistency was calculated as a function of a trait-specific standard lactation curve and a linear regression of test-day deviations on days in milk. Regression coefficients were deviations from a balance point to make yield and persistency phenotypically uncorrelated. The objectives of this study were to calculate (co) variance components and breeding values for best predictions of persistency of milk (PM), fat (PF), protein (PP), and SCS (PSCS) in Holstein cows. Data included 8,682,138 lactations from 4,375,938 cows calving since 1997, and 39,354 sires were evaluated. Sire estimated breeding values (EBV) for PM, PF, and PP were similar and ranged from -0.70 to 0.75 for PM; EBV for PSCS ranged from -0.37 to 0.28. Regressions of sire EBV on birth year were near zero (< 0.003) but positive for PM, PF, and PP, and negative for PSCS. Genetic correlations of PM, PF, and PP with PSCS were moderate and favorable, indicating that increasing SCS decreases yield traits, as expected. Genetic correlations among yield and persistency were low to moderate and ranged from -0.09 (PSCS) to 0.18 (PF). This definition of persistency may be more useful than those used in test-day models, which are often correlated with yield. Routine genetic evaluations for persistency are feasible and may allow for improved predictions of yield traits. As calving intervals increase, persistency may have greater value. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cole, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcole@aipl.arsusda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2722 EP 2728 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 053GJ UT WOS:000238293300042 PM 16772591 ER PT J AU Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Schweisthal, M Fleming, JR AF Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Schweisthal, M Fleming, JR TI Precalibration evaluation procedures for mid-infrared milk analyzers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE evaluation; mid-infrared; milk precalibration ID HOMOGENIZATION EFFICIENCY; INFRARED-ANALYSIS; FAT; PERFORMANCE; LINEARITY AB The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed account of the precalibration procedures developed and implemented by the USDA Federal Milk Market Administrators (FMMA) for evaluating mid-infrared (MIR) milk analyzers. Mid-infrared analyzers specifically designed for milk testing provide a rapid and costeffective means for determining milk composition for payment and dairy herd improvement programs. These instruments determine the fat, protein, and lactose content of milk, and enable the calculation of total solids, solids-not-fat, and other solids. All MIR analyzers are secondary testing instruments that require calibration by chemical reference methods. Precalibration is the process of assuring that the instrument is in good working order (mechanically and electrically) and that the readings before calibration are stable and optimized. The main components of precalibration are evaluation of flow system integrity, homogenization efficiency, water repeatability, zero shift, linearity, primary slope, milk repeatability, purging efficiency, and establishment of intercorrection factors. These are described in detail and apply to both filter-based and Fourier transform infrared instruments operating using classical primary and reference wavelengths. Under the USDA FMMA Precalibration Evaluation Program, the precalibration procedures were applied longitudinally over time using a wide variety of instruments and instrument models. Instruments in this program were maintained to pass the criteria for all precalibration procedures. All instruments used similar primary wavelengths to measure fat, protein, and lactose but there were differences in reference wavelength selection. Intercorrection factors were consistent over time within all instruments and similar among groups of instruments using similar primary and reference wave-lengths. However, the magnitude and sign of the intercorrection factors were significantly affected by the choice of reference wavelengths. C1 USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Dairy Programs, Carrollton, TX 75006 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lynch, JM (reprint author), USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Dairy Programs, Carrollton, TX 75006 USA. EM j172@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2761 EP 2774 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 053GJ UT WOS:000238293300047 PM 16772596 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Feeding responses of Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera : Tachinidae) to selected insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feather-legged fly; repellent; antifeedant; oral toxicity ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; ANTIFEEDANT; LIMONOIDS AB Feeding responses of the parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam were determined in laboratory tests. Trichopoda pennipes adults exhibited repellency to a sugar water food source treated with oxamyl, cyfluthrin, indoxacarb, and acetamiprid and diminution of feeding when they actually fed on sugar water containing any of the insecticides. Although four of the insecticides in this study exhibited antifeedant activity, ingestion of food treated with any of these compounds always resulted in the death of the flies. Therefore, repellency to the insecticides was the only response by the flies that insured their survival. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 065WX UT WOS:000239191900007 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, P. Glynn TI Relative attractiveness of developmental stages of sorghum panicles to predator, Orius insidiosus (Say), and prey, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Orius insidiosus; sorghum; panicle attractiveness C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 248 EP 252 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 065WX UT WOS:000239191900008 ER PT J AU Clarke, SR Menard, RD AF Clarke, Stephen R. Menard, Roger D. TI Predation of an ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera : Platypodidae) by a checkered beetle (Coleoptera : Cleridae) congregating on pines containing brood adult southern pine beetles (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Platypus flavicornis; Thanasimus dubius; Dendroctonus frontalis C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. RP Clarke, SR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 415 S 2st St, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. EM sclarke@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 065WX UT WOS:000239191900010 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW Taylor, PB AF Schaefer, Paul W. Taylor, Philip B. TI Ultrastructure of female external translucent pits useful in sexing gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) caterpillars SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sexing larvae; gypsy moth; morphology; translucent pits; sex determination C1 USDA, ARS, Benefic Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Benefic Insects Introduct Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM paulschaefer60@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 266 EP 270 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 065WX UT WOS:000239191900013 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Survival and reproduction of Trox suberosus F. (Coleoptera : Trogidae) on insect cadavers, cow dung, and mushroom SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trox; Scarabaeoidea; Trogidae; dead insects; carrion; fungi; starvation; longevity; diet; progeny C1 USDA ARS, So Grain Insects Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Grain Insects Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Orreyy@netzero.net NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 065WX UT WOS:000239191900014 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Walker, SL Cook, KL AF Bolster, Carl H. Walker, Sharon L. Cook, Kimberly L. TI Comparison of Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni transport in saturated porous media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY; CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; BACTERIAL ADHESION; IONIC-STRENGTH; BED FILTRATION; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; GROUNDWATER; STRAINS; O157-H7 AB Due to the difficulties in testing for specific pathogens, water samples are tested for the presence of nonpathogenic indicator organisms to determine whether a water supply has been contaminated by fecal material. An implicit assumption in this approach is that where pathogenic microorganisms are present fecal indicator organisms are present as well; yet surprisingly few studies have been conducted that directly compare the transport of indicator organisms with pathogenic organisms in ground water environments. In this study we compared the cell properties and transport of Escherichia coli, a commonly used indicator organism, and Campylobacter jejuni, an important entero-pathogen commonly found in agricultural wastes, through saturated porous media. Differences in cell properties were determined by measuring cell geometry, hydrophobicity, and electrophoretic mobility. Transport differences were determined by conducting miscible displacement experiments in laboratory columns. Under the experimental conditions tested, C jejuni was much more negatively charged and more hydrophobic than E. coli. In addition, C jejuni cells were slightly longer, narrower, and less spherical than E. coli. The variations in cell properties, primarily surface charge, resulted in significant differences in transport between these two microorganisms, with the transport of C jejuni exceeding that of E. coli when conditions favored low attachment rates, thus calling into question the usefulness of using E. coli as an indicator organism for this important pathogen. C1 USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM cbolster@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0224 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900007 PM 16738386 ER PT J AU Gao, SD Trout, TJ AF Gao, Suduan Trout, Thomas J. TI Using surface water application to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene emission from soil fumigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILIZATION; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; DEGRADATION; AMENDMENT; IODIDE; SHANK AB High emissions from soil fumigants increase the risk of detrimental impact on workers, bystanders, and the environment, and jeopardize future availability of fumigants. Efficient and cost-effective approaches to minimize emissions are needed. This study evaluated the potential of surface water application (or water seal) to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions from soil (Hanford sandy loam) columns. Treatments included dry soil (control), initial water application (8 mm of water just before fumigant application), initial plus a second water application (2.6 mm) at 12 h, initial plus two water applications (2.6 mm each time) at 12 and 24 h, standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp, initial water application plus HDPE tarp, and virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp. Emissions from the soil surface and distribution of 1,3-D in the soil-gas phase were monitored for 2 wk. Each water application abruptly reduced 1,3-D emission flux, which rebounded over a few hours. Peak emission rates were substantially reduced, but total emission reduction was small. Total fumigant emission was 51% of applied for the control, 46% for initial water application only, and 41% for the three intermittent water applications with the remaining water treatment intermediate. The HDPE tarp alone resulted in 45% emission, while initial water application plus HDPE tarp resulted in 38% emission. The most effective soil surface treatment was VIF tarp (10% emission). Surface water application can be as effective, and less expensive than, standard HDPE tarp. Frequent water application is required to substantially reduce emissions. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gao, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1048 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0331 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900010 PM 16738389 ER PT J AU Poss, JA Russell, WB Grieve, CM AF Poss, J. A. Russell, W. B. Grieve, C. M. TI Estimating yields of salt- and water-stressed forages with remote sensing in the visible and near infrared SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FOLIAR SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; PLANT STRESS; VEGETATION INDEXES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; NITROGEN STATUS; LEAF; CORN; EFFICIENCY; SALINITY; IMAGERY AB In and irrigated regions, the proportion of crop production under deficit irrigation with poorer quality water is increasing as demand for fresh water soars and efforts to prevent saline water table development occur. Remote sensing technology to quantify salinity and water stress effects on forage yield can be an important tool to address yield loss potential when deficit irrigating with poor water quality. Two important forages, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum L.), were grown in a volumetric lysimeter facility where rootzone salinity and water content were varied and monitored. Ground-based hyperspectral canopy reflectance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) were related to forage yields from a broad range of salinity and water stress conditions. Canopy reflectance spectra were obtained in the 350- to 1000-nm region from two viewing angles (nadir view, 45 degrees from nadir). Nadir view vegetation indices (VI) were not as strongly correlated with leaf area index changes attributed to water and salinity stress treatments for both alfalfa and wheatgrass. From a list of 71 VIs, two were selected for a multiple linear-regression model that estimated yield under varying salinity and water stress conditions. With data obtained during the second harvest of a three-harvest 100-d growing period, regression coefficients for each crop were developed and then used with the model to estimate fresh weights for preceding and succeeding harvests during the same 100-d interval. The model accounted for 72% of the variation in yields in wheatgrass and 94% in yields of alfalfa within the same salinity and water stress treatment period. The model successfully predicted yield in three out of four cases when applied to the first and third harvest yields. Correlations between indices and yield increased as canopy development progressed. Growth reductions attributed to simultaneous salinity and water stress were well characterized, but the corrections for effects of varying tissue nitrogen (N) and very low leaf area index (LAI) are necessary. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Poss, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Jposs@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1071 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0204 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900012 PM 16738391 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Shipitalo, MJ AF Owens, L. B. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Surface and subsurface phosphorus losses from fertilized pasture systems in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; NITRATE LEVELS; NITROGEN; FLOW; EUTROPHICATION; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER AB Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient and critical to agricultural production, but it is also a problem when excessive amounts enter surface waters. Summer rotational grazing and winter feeding beef pasture systems at two fertility levels (56 and 28 kg available P ha(-1)) were studied to evaluate the P losses from these systems via surface runoff and subsurface flow using eight small (0.3-1.1 ha), instrumented watersheds and spring developments. Runoff events from a 14-yr period (1974-1988) were evaluated to determine the relationships between event size in mm, total dissolved reactive phosphorous (TDRP) concentration, and TDRP transport. Most of the TDRP transported was via surface runoff. There were strong correlations (r(2) = 0.45-0.66) between TDRP transport and event size for all watersheds, but no significant (P = 0.05) correlations between TDRP concentration and event size. Flow-weighted average TDRP concentrations from the pasture watersheds for the 14-yr period ranged from 0.64 to 1.85 mg L-1 with a few individual event concentrations as high as 85.7 mg L-1. The highest concentrations were in events that occurred soon after P fertilizer application. Average seasonal flow-weighted TDRP concentrations for subsurface flow were < 0.05 mg L-1. Applying P fertilizer to pastures in response to soil tests should keep TDRP concentrations in subsurface flow at environmentally acceptable levels. Management to reduce runoff and avoidance of P fertilizer application when runoff producing rainfall is anticipated in the next few days will help reduce the surface losses of P. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM owens@coshocton.ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1109 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0402 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900016 PM 16738395 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Kleinman, PJA AF Vadas, P. A. Kleinman, P. J. A. TI Effect of methodology in estimating and interpreting water-extractable phosohorus in animal manures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AVAILABLE-PHOSPHORUS CORN; POULTRY LITTER; PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; BROILER LITTER; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; AMENDED SOILS; TURKEY DIETS; SWINE MANURE AB Manure water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) data are used in indices and models to assess P transport in runoff. Methods to measure WEP vary widely, often without understanding the effect on how much P is extracted. We conducted water extractions on five dairy, swine, and poultry manures to assess single and sequential extractions, drying manures, solution to solid (cm(3) g(-1)) extraction ratios, and P determination method. We found little difference in WEP of single or sequential extractions. Increasing extraction ratio from 10:1 to 250:1 resulted in more WEP recovered, but in a diminishing fashion so that ratios of 200:1 and 250:1 were not significantly different. Patterns of increased WEP with extraction ratio varied with manure type, presence of bedding material, and drying treatment. Fresh and air-dried manures had similar patterns, but differed substantially from oven-dried (90 degrees C) manures. The differential effect of oven-drying on WEP was greatest for dairy and poultry manure, and less for swine manure. We analyzed water extracts colorimetrically before and after digestion, to examine the potential effect of P determination by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Digested extracts always contained more P. For manures with bedding, drying decreased the difference in P measured before and after digestion. The opposite was true for manures without bedding. Results highlight the influence of methodology on manure WEP measurement and caution needed when comparing data across studies using different WEP methods. Overall, our results point to a need for a standard manure water extraction method. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM vadas@wisc.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1159 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0332 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900022 PM 16738401 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Jabro, AD Fox, RH AF Jabro, J. D. Jabro, A. D. Fox, R. H. TI Accuracy and performance of three water quality models for simulating nitrate nitropen losses under corn SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE-RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; SEASONAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL NITRATE; CALIBRATION; BEHAVIOR; NCSWAP; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDE; TRANSPORT AB Simulation models can be used to predict N dynamics in a soil-water-plant system. The simulation accuracy and performance of three models: LEACHM (Leaching Estimation And CHemistry Model), NCSWAP (Nitrogen and Carbon cycling in Soil, Water And Plant), and SOILN to predict NO3-N leaching were evaluated and compared to field data from a 5-yr experiment conducted on a Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). Nitrate N losses past 1.2 m from N-fertilized and manured corn (Zea mays L.) were measured with zero-tension pan lysimeters for 5 yr. The models were calibrated using 1989-1990 data and validated using 1988-1989, 1990-1991,1991-1992, and 1992-1993 NO3-N leaching data. Statistical analyses indicated that LEACHM, NCSWAP, and SOILN models were able to provide accurate simulations of annual NO3-N leaching losses below the 1.2-m depth for 8, 9, and 7 of 10 cases, respectively, in the validation years. The inaccuracy in the models' annual simulations for the control and manure treatments seems to be related to inadequate description of processes of N and C transformations in the models' code. The overall performance and accuracy of the SOILN model were worse than those of LEACHM and NCSWAP. The root mean square error (RMSE) and modeling efficiency (ME) were 10.7 and 0.9,9.5 and 0.93, and 20.7 and 0.63 for LEACHM, NCSWAP, and SOILN, respectively. Overall, the three models have the potential to predict NO3-N losses below 1.2-m depth from fertilizer and manure nitrogen applied to corn without recalibration of models from year to year. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Robert Morris Univ, Moon Township, PA 15108 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jjabro@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1236 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0413 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900029 PM 16825442 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Srinivasan, MS Dell, CJ Schmidt, JP Sharpley, AN Bryant, RB AF Kleinman, Peter J. A. Srinivasan, M. S. Dell, Curtis J. Schmidt, John P. Sharpley, Andrew N. Bryant, Ray B. TI Role of rainfall intensity and hydrology in nutrient transport via surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; FERTILIZER; NITRATE; LOSSES AB Loss of soil nutrients in runoff accelerates eutrophication of surface waters. This study evaluated P and N in surface runoff in relation to rainfall intensity and hydrology for two soils along a single hillslope. Experiments were initiated on 1- by 2-m plots at foot-slope (6%) and mid-slope (30%) positions within an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) field. Rain simulations (2.9 and 7.0 cm h(-1)) were conducted under wet (spring) and dry (late-summer) conditions. Elevated, antecedent soil moisture at the foot-slope during the spring resulted in less rain required to generate runoff and greater runoff volumes, compared with runoff from the well-drained mid-slope in spring and at both landscape positions in late summer. Phosphorus in runoff was primarily in dissolved reactive form (DRP averaged 71% of total P), with DRP concentrations from the two soils corresponding with soil test P levels. Nitrogen in runoff was mainly nitrate (NO3-N averaged 77% of total N). Site hydrology, not chemistry, was primarily responsible for variations in mass N and P losses with landscape position. Larger runoff volumes from the foot-slope produced higher losses of total P (0.08 kg ha(-1)) and N (1-35 kg ha(-1)) than did runoff from the mid-slope (0.05 total P kg ha(-1); 0.48 kg N ha(-1)), particularly under wet, springtime conditions. Nutrient losses were significantly greater under the high intensity rainfall due to larger runoff volumes. Results affirm the critical source area concept for both N and P: both nutrient availability and hydrology in combination control nutrient loss. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1248 EP 1259 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0015 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900031 PM 16825444 ER PT J AU DeLaune, PB Moore, PA Lemunyon, JL AF DeLaune, P. B. Moore, P. A., Jr. Lemunyon, J. L. TI Effect of chemical and microbial amendment on phosphorus runoff from composted poultry litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; ALUMINUM SULFATE; FEEDLOT MANURE; BROILER LITTER; NITROGEN; SOIL; AVAILABILITY; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL; LOSSES AB Environmental impacts of composting poultry litter with chemical amendments at the field scale have not been well quantified. The objectives of this study were to measure (i) P runoff and (ii) forage yield and N uptake from small plots fertilized with composted and fresh poultry litter. Two composting studies, aerated using mechanical turning, were conducted in consecutive years. Composted litter was collected at the completion of each study for use in runoff studies. Treatments in runoff studies included an unfertilized control, fresh (uncomposted) poultry litter, and litter composted with no amendment, H3PO4, alum, or a microbial mixture. An additional treatment, litter composted with alum plus the microbial mixture, was evaluated during the first year. Fertilizer treatments were applied at rates equivalent to 8.96 Mg ha(-1) and rainfall simulators were used to produce a 5 cm h(-1) storm event. Composted poultry litter, regardless of treatment, had higher total P concentrations than fresh poultry litter. Composting poultry litter resulted in reductions of N/P ratios by as much as 51%. Soluble reactive P concentrations were lowest in alum-treated compost, which reduced soluble P concentrations in runoff water by as much as 84%. Forage yields and N uptake were greatest from plots fertilized with fresh poultry litter. Composting poultry litter without the addition of C sources can increase P concentrations in the end product and surface runoff. This study also indicated that increased rates of composted poultry litter would be required to meet equivalent N rates supplied by fresh poultry litter. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP DeLaune, PB (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pdelaun@uark.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1296 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0398 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900035 PM 16825448 ER PT J AU Panetta, DM Powers, WJ Xin, H Kerr, BJ Stalder, KJ AF Panetta, D. M. Powers, W. J. Xin, H. Kerr, B. J. Stalder, K. J. TI Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed modified diets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACID-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CRUDE PROTEIN; SWINE MANURE; PLASMA UREA; DIGESTIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT; SARSAPONIN; METABOLISM AB Two swine feeding trials were conducted (initial body weight = 47 +/- 2 and 41 +/- 3 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively) to evaluate reduced crude protein (CP) and yucca (Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies) extract-supplemented diets on NH3 emissions. In Trial 1, nine pigs were offered a corn-soybean meal diet (C, 174 g kg(-1) CP), a Lys-supplemented diet (L, 170 g kg(-1) CP), or a 145 g kg(-1) CP diet supplemented with Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp (LMTT). In Trial 2, nine pigs were fed diet L supplemented with 0, 62.5, or 125 mg of yucca extract per kg diet. Each feeding period consisted of a 4-d dietary adjustment followed by 72 h of continuous NH3 measurement. Urine and fecal samples were collected each period. Feeding the LMTT diet reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) compared to diet L. Fecal N concentration decreased with a reduction in dietary CP, but urinary ammonium increased from pigs fed diet LMTT (2.0 g kg(-1), wet basis) compared to those fed diet C (1.1 g kg(-1)) or L (1.0 g kg(-1)). When pigs were fed reduced CP diets NH3 emission rates decreased (2.46, 2.16, and 1.05 mg mm(-1) for diets C, L, and LMTT). Yucca had no effect on feed intake, ADG, or G:F. Ammonium and N concentrations of manure and NH3 emission rates did not differ with yucca content. Caution must be executed to maintain animal performance when strategies are implemented to reduce NH3 emissions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Powers, WJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wpowers@iastate.edu OI Stalder, Kenneth/0000-0001-9540-681X NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1308 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0411 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900036 PM 16825449 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Harmel, RD AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Harmel, R. Daren TI Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities under various poultry litter application rates SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DAIRY MANURE SLURRY; BIOMASS-C; GRASSLAND SOIL; FERTILIZER; RESPONSES; EXTRACTION; MULTIYEAR; DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL; IMPACTS AB The potential excessive nutrient and/or microbial loading from mismanaged land application of organic fertilizers is forcing changes in animal waste management. Currently, it is not clear to what extent different rates of poultry litter impact soil microbial communities, which control nutrient availability, organic matter quality and quantity, and soil degradation potential. From 2002 to 2004, we investigated the microbial community and several enzyme activities in a Vertisol soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Udic Haplustert) at 0 to 15 cm as affected by different rates of poultry litter application to pasture (0, 6.7, and 13.4 Mg ha(-1)) and cultivated sites (0, 4.59 6.7, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha(-1)) in Texas, USA. No differences in soil pH (average: 7.9), total N (pasture: 2.01-3.53, cultivated: 1.09-1.98 g kg(-1) soil) or organic C (pasture average: 25-26.7, cultivated average: 13.9-16.1 g kg(-1) soil) were observed following the first four years of litter application. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha-1 (pasture: MBC = > 863; MBN = > 88 mg kg(-1) soil) compared to sites with no applied litter (MBC = 722, MBN = 69 mg kg(-1) soil). Enzyme activities of C (beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosaminidase) or N cycling (beta-glucosaminidase) were increased at litter rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha(-1). Enzyme activities of P (alkaline phosphatase) and S (arylsulfatase) mineralization showed the same response in pasture, but they were only increased at the highest (9.0, 11.2, and 13.4 Mg ha(-1)) litter application rates in cultivated sites. According to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, the pasture soils experienced shifts to higher bacterial populations at litter rates of 6.7 Mg ha(-1), and shifts to higher fungal populations at the highest litter application rates in cultivated sites. While rates greater than 6.7 Mg ha(-1) provided rapid enhancement of the soil microbial populations and enzymatic activities, they result in P application in excess of crop needs. Thus, studies will continue to investigate whether litter application at rates below 6.7 Mg ha-1, previously recommended to maintain water quality, will result in similar improved soil microbial and biochemical functioning with continued annual litter application. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 37 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0470 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900037 PM 16825450 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Zhang, TQ Bertsch, PM AF He, Zhongqi Honeycutt, C. Wayne Zhang, Tiequan Bertsch, Paul M. TI Preparation and FT-IR characterization of metal phytate compounds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; IN-SITU TREATMENT; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; CALCIUM-BINDING AB Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) has long been recognized as the predominant organic P form in soil and animal manure. Whereas many studies have investigated the wet chemistry of IP6, there is little information on the characterization of solid metal IP6 compounds. This information is essential for further understanding and assessing the chemical behavior of IP6 in diverse soil-plant-water ecosystems. As the first step in full characterization, we synthesized eight metal phytate compounds and investigated their structural features using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The absorption features from 900 to 1200 cm(-1) in FT-IR could be used to identify these phytates as: (i) light divalent metal (Ca and Mg) compounds with a sharp band and a broad band, (ii) heavy divalent metal (Cu and Mn) compounds with splitting broad bands, and (iii) trivalent metal (Al and Fe) compounds with a broad band and a shoulder band. Three different types of chemical structures of metal-phytate compounds were presented based on the FT-IR information. We further demonstrated that metal orthophosphates possessed different FT-IR spectral characteristics from their IP6 counterparts. The unique spectral features of metal phytates from 1000 to 700 cm-1 could be used to distinguish phytate compounds from metal phosphate compounds. Thus, FT-IR analysis after fine tuning could provide an analytical tool to investigate the basic metal phytate chemistry in molecular levels, such as the competitive interactions between phosphate and phytate with a specific metal ion, and the conversion (or hydrolysis) of metal phytate to metal phosphate under various conditions. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crop Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.he@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 43 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900038 PM 16825451 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, A Caesar-Thonthat, T Waddell, J AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew Caesar-Thonthat, Thecan Waddell, Jed TI Carbon sequestration in dryland soils and plant residue as influenced by tillage and crop rotation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN; INTENSITY; SYSTEMS; COVER; FERTILIZATION; CONSERVATION; CULTIVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Long-term use of conventional tillage and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow systems in the northern Great Plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat-fallow (W-F), spring wheat-lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W-L), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (W-W-F), and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)-fallow (W-P-F)], and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on plant C input, SOC, and particulate organic carbon (POC). A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, Aridic Argiborolls) from 1998 to 2003 in Havre, MT. Total plant biomass returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 was greater in CW (15.5 Mg ha(-1)) than in other rotations. Residue cover, amount, and C content in 2004 were 33 to 86% greater in NT than in CT and greater in CRP than in crop rotations. Residue amount (2.47 Mg ha(-1)) and C content (0.96 Mg ha(-1)) were greater in NT with CW than in other treatments, except in CT with CRP and W-F and in NT with CRP and W-W-E The SOC at the 0- to 5-cm depth was 23% greater in NT (6.4 Mg ha(-1)) than in CT. The POC was not influenced by tillage and crop rotation, but POC to SOC ratio at the 0- to 20-cm depth was greater in NT with W-L (369 g kg(-1) SOC) than in CT with CW, W-F, and W-L. From 1998 to 2003, SOC at the 0- to 20-cm depth decreased by 4% in CT but increased by 3% in NT. Carbon can be sequestered in dryland soils and plant residue in areas previously under CRP using reduced tillage and increased cropping intensity, such as NT with CW, compared with traditional practice, such as CT with W-F system, and the content can be similar to that in CRP planting. C1 USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0131 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900041 PM 16825454 ER PT J AU Woodbury, PB Heath, LS Smith, JE AF Woodbury, Peter B. Heath, Linda S. Smith, James E. TI Land use change effects on forest carbon cycling throughout the southern United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID SOIL CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORAGE; CULTIVATION; AGRICULTURE; BUDGET; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; SINK AB We modeled the effects of afforestation and deforestation on carbon cycling in forest floor and soil from 1900 to 2050 throughout 13 states in the southern United States. The model uses historical data on gross (two-way) transitions between forest, pasture, plowed agriculture, and urban lands along with equations describing changes in carbon over many decades for each type of land use change. Use of gross rather than net land use transition data is important because afforestation causes a gradual gain in carbon stocks for many decades, while deforestation causes a much more rapid loss in carbon stocks. In the South-Central region (Texas to Kentucky) land use changes caused a net emission of carbon before the 1980s, followed by a net sequestration of carbon subsequently. In the Southeast region (Florida to Virginia), there was net emission of carbon until the 1940s, again followed by net sequestration of carbon. These results could improve greenhouse gas inventories produced to meet reporting requirements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Specifically, from 1990 to 2004 for the entire 13-state study area, afforestation caused sequestration of 88 Tg C, and deforestation caused emission of 49 Tg C. However, the net effect of land use change on carbon stocks in soil and forest floor from 1990 to 2004 was about sixfold smaller than the net change in carbon stocks in trees on all forestland. Thus land use change effects and forest carbon cycling during this period are dominated by changes in tree carbon stocks. C1 US Forest Serv NE, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Woodbury, PB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pbw1@cornell.edu OI Woodbury, Peter/0000-0003-3954-7639 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1348 EP 1363 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0148 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900042 PM 16825455 ER PT J AU Causarano, HJ Franzluebbers, AJ Reeves, DW Shaw, JN AF Causarano, H. J. Franzluebbers, A. J. Reeves, D. W. Shaw, J. N. TI Soil organic carbon sequestration in cotton production systems of the southeastern United States: A review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILL; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; C SEQUESTRATION; POULTRY LITTER; MITIGATION; MATTER AB Past agricultural management practices have contributed to the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and emission of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide). Fortunately, however, conservation-oriented agricultural management systems can be, and have been, developed to sequester SOC, improve soil quality, and increase crop productivity. Our objectives were to (i) review literature related to SOC sequestration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems, (ii) recommend best management practices to sequester SOC, and (iii) outline the current political scenario and future probabilities for cotton producers to benefit from SOC sequestration. From a review of 20 studies in the region, SOC increased with no tillage compared with conventional tillage by 0.48 +/- 0.56 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (H(0): no change,p < 0.001). More diverse rotations of cotton with high-residue-producing crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and small grains would sequester greater quantities of SOC than continuous cotton. No-tillage cropping with a cover crop sequestered 0.67 +/- 0.63 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), while that of no-tillage cropping without a cover crop sequestered 0.34 +/- 47 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean comparison, p = 0.04). Current government incentive programs recommend agricultural practices that would contribute to SOC sequestration. Participation in the Conservation Security Program could lead to government payments of up to $20 ha(-1). Current open-market trading of C credits would appear to yield less than $3 ha(-1), although prices would greatly increase should a government policy to limit greenhouse gas emissions be mandated. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 74 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1374 EP 1383 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0150 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900044 PM 16825457 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Bair, LS AF Alig, Ralph J. Bair, Lucas S. TI Forest environmental investments and implications for climate change mitigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID UNITED-STATES; US FOREST; CARBON; IMPACTS; LAND; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; SECTOR AB Forest environmental conditions are affected by climate change, but investments in forest environmental quality can be used as part of the climate change mitigation strategy. A key question involving the potential use of forests to store more carbon as part of climate change mitigation is the impact of forest investments on the timing and quantity of forest volumes that affect carbon storage. Using an economic optimization model, we project levels of U.S. forest volumes as indicators of carbon storage for a wide range of private forest investment scenarios. Results show that economic opportunities exist to further intensify timber management on some hectares and reduce the average timber rotation length such that the national volume of standing timber stocks could be reduced relative to projections reflecting historical trends. The national amount of timber volume is projected to increase over the next 50 yr, but then is projected to decline if private owners follow an economic optimization path, such as with more forest type conversions and shorter timber rotations. With perfect foresight, future forest investments can affect current timber harvest levels, with intertemporal linkages based on adjustments through markets. Forest investments that boost regenerated timber yields per hectare would act to enhance ecosystem services (e.g., forest carbon storage) if they are related to the rate of growth and extent of growing stock inventory. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA 95833 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1389 EP 1395 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0154 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900046 PM 16825459 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Albrecht, SL Boote, KJ Thomas, JMG Newman, YC Skirvin, KW AF Hartwell Allen, Leon, Jr. Albrecht, Stephan L. Boote, Kenneth J. Thomas, Jean M. G. Newman, Yoana C. Skirvin, Katherine W. TI Soil organic carbon and nitrogen accumulation in plots of rhizoma perennial peanut and bahiagrass grown in elevated carbon dioxide and temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FORAGE ESTABLISHMENT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; DYNAMICS; GRASSLAND; MANAGEMENT AB Carbon sequestration in soils might mitigate the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Two contrasting subtropical perennial forage species, bahiagrass (BG; Paspalum notatum Flugge; C-4), and rhizoma perennial peanut (PP; Arachis glabrata Benth.; C-3 legume), were grown at Gainesville, Florida, in field soil plots in four temperature zones of four temperature-gradient greenhouses, two each at CO2 concentrations of 360 and 700 mu mol mol(-1). The site had been cultivated with annual crops for more than 20 yr. Herbage was harvested three to four times each year. Soil samples from the top 20 cm were collected in February 1995, before plant establishment, and in December 2000 at the end of the project. Overall mean soil organic carbon (SOC) gains across 6 yr were 1.396 and 0.746 g kg(-1) in BG and PF, respectively, indicating that BG plots accumulated more SOC than PP. Mean SOC gains in BG plots at 700 and 360 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 were 1.450 and 1.343 g kg(-1), respectively (not statistically different). Mean SOC gains in PP plots at 700 and 360 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 were 0.949 and 0.544 g kg(-1), respectively, an increase caused by elevated CO2. Relative SON accumulations were similar to SOC increases. Overall mean annual SOC accumulation, pooled for forages and CO2 treatments, was 540 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Eliminating elevated CO2 effects, overall mean SOC accumulation was 475 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Conversion from cropland to forages was a greater factor in SOC accumulation than the CO2 fertilization effect. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM LHAJR@ifas.ufl.edu OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1405 EP 1412 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0156 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900048 PM 16825461 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ Parton, WJ Mosier, AR Walsh, MK Ojima, DS Thornton, PE AF Del Grosso, S. J. Parton, W. J. Mosier, A. R. Walsh, M. K. Ojima, D. S. Thornton, P. E. TI DAYCENT national-scale simulations of nitrous oxide emissions from cropped soils in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; AGRICULTURAL LANDS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; N2O EMISSIONS; MODEL; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY AB Until recently, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factor methodology, based on simple empirical relationships, has been used to estimate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes for regional and national inventories. However, the 2005 USEPA greenhouse gas inventory includes estimates of N(2)O emissions from cultivated soils derived from simulations using DAYCENT, a process-based biogeochemical model. DAYCENT simulated major U.S. crops at county-level resolution and IPCC emission factor methodology was used to estimate emissions for the approximately 14% of cropped land not simulated by DAYCENT. The methodology used to combine DAYCENT simulations and IPCC methodology to estimate direct and indirect N(2)O emissions is described in detail. Nitrous oxide emissions from simulations of presettlement native vegetation were subtracted from cropped soil N(2)O to isolate anthropogenic emissions. Meteorological data required to drive DAY CENT were acquired from DAYMET, an algorithm that uses weather station data and accounts for topography to predict daily temperature and precipitation at I-km 2 resolution. Soils data were acquired from the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO). Weather data and dominant soil texture class that lie closest to the geographical center of the largest cluster of cropped land in each county were used to drive DAYCENT. Land management information was implemented at the agricultural-economic region level, as defined by the Agricultural Sector Model. Maps of model-simulated county-level crop yields were compared with yields estimated by the USDA for quality control. Combining results from DAYCENT simulations of major crops and IPCC methodology for remaining cropland yielded estimates of approximately 109 and approximately 70 Tg CO(2) equivalents for direct and indirect, respectively, mean annual anthropogenic N(2)O emissions for 1990-2003. C1 USDA ARS NPA SPNR, Natl Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ICF Consulting, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Nalt Ctr Atmospher Res, Terr Sci Sect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS NPA SPNR, Natl Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg D Suite 10, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; FU NICHD NIH HHS [1 R01 HD33554] NR 40 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1460 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0160 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900052 PM 16825465 ER PT J AU Birdsey, R Pregitzer, K Lucier, A AF Birdsey, Richard Pregitzer, Kurt Lucier, Alan TI Forest carbon management in the United States: 1600-2100 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; PLANTATIONS; EMISSIONS; KYOTO; FLUX AB This paper reviews the effects of past forest management on carbon stocks in the United States, and the challenges for managing forest carbon resources in the 21st century. Forests in the United States were in approximate carbon balance with the atmosphere from 1600-1800. Utilization and land clearing caused a large pulse of forest carbon emissions during the 19th century, followed by regrowth and net forest carbon sequestration in the 20th century. Recent data and knowledge of the general behavior of forests after disturbance suggest that the rate of forest carbon sequestration is declining. A goal of an additional 100 to 200 Tg C/yr of forest carbon sequestration is achievable, but would require investment in inventory and monitoring, development of technology and practices, and assistance for land managers. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Birdsey, R (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM rbirdsey@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1461 EP 1469 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0162 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900053 PM 16825466 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Ort, DR Nelson, RL AF Prior, S. A. Torbert, H. A. Runion, G. B. Rogers, H. H. Ort, D. R. Nelson, R. L. TI Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of soybean: Influence of crop variety on residue decomposition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL CARBON; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; AGROECOSYSTEMS; TISSUES AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 can result in larger plants returning greater amounts of residue to the soil. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling for different soybean varieties have not been examined. Aboveground residue of eight soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] varieties was collected from a field study where crops had been grown under two different atmospheric CO2 levels [370 mu mol mol(-1) (ambient) and 550 mu mol mol(-1) (free-air carbon dioxide enrichment, FACE)]. Senesced residue material was used in a 60-d laboratory incubation study to evaluate potential C and N mineralization. In addition to assessing the overall effects of CO2 level and variety, a few specific variety comparisons were also made. Across varieties, overall residue N concentration was increased by FACE, but residue C concentration was only slightly increased. Overall residue C to N ratio was lower under FACE and total mineralized N was increased by FACE, suggesting that increased N-2 fixation impacted residue decomposition; total mineralized C was also slightly increased by FACE. Across CO2 levels, varietal differences were also observed with the oldest variety having the lowest residue N concentration and highest residue C to N ratio; mineralized N was lowest in the oldest variety, illustrating the influence of high residue C to N ratio. It appears (based on our few specific varietal comparisons) that the breeding selection process may have resulted in some varietal differences in residue quality which can result in increased N or C mineralization under elevated CO2 conditions. This limited number of varietal comparisons indicated that more work investigating varietal influences on soil C and N cycling under elevated CO2 conditions is required. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1470 EP 1477 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0163 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900054 PM 16825467 ER PT J AU Runion, GB Davis, MA Pritchard, SG Prior, SA Mitchell, RJ Torbert, HA Rogers, HH Dute, RR AF Runion, G. B. Davis, M. A. Pritchard, S. G. Prior, S. A. Mitchell, R. J. Torbert, H. A. Rogers, H. H. Dute, R. R. TI Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on biomass and carbon accumulation in a model regenerating longleaf pine community SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID SOIL RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; CO2 CONCENTRATION; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; PLANTS; WATER; COMPETITION; ENVIRONMENTS; ENRICHMENT AB Plant species vary in response to atmospheric CO2 concentration due to differences in physiology, morphology, phenology, and symbiotic relationships. These differences make it very difficult to predict how plant communities will respond to elevated CO2. Such information is critical to furthering our understanding of community and ecosystem responses to global climate change. To determine how a simple plant community might respond to elevated CO2, a model regenerating longleaf pine community composed of five species was exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient, 365 mu mol mol(-1) and elevated, 720 mu mol mol(-1)) for 3 yr. Total above- and belowground biomass was 70 and 49% greater, respectively, in CO2-enriched plots. Carbon (C) content followed a response pattern similar to biomass, resulting in a significant increase of 13.8 Mg C ha(-1) under elevated CO2. Responses of individual species, however, varied. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was primarily responsible for the positive response to CO2 enrichment. Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.), rattlebox (Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. Ex Gruel.), and butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) exhibited negative above- and belowground biomass responses to elevated CO2, while sand post oak (Quercus margaretta Ashe) did not differ significantly between CO2 treatments. As with pine, C content followed patterns similar to biomass. Elevated CO2 resulted in alterations in community structure. Longleaf pine comprised 88% of total biomass in CO2-enriched plots, but only 76% in ambient plots. In contrast, wire-grass, rattlebox, and butterfly weed comprised 19% in ambient CO2 plots, but only 8% under high CO2. Therefore, while longleaf pine may perform well in a high CO2 world, other members of this community may not compete as well, which could alter community function. Effects of elevated CO2 on plant communities are complex, dynamic, and difficult to predict, clearly demonstrating the need for more research in this important area of global change science. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Runion, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM gbrunion@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1478 EP 1486 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0164 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900055 PM 16825468 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC AF Parkin, Timothy B. Kaspar, Thomas C. TI Nitrous oxide emissions from corn-soybean systems in the Midwest SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAIZE FIELDS; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; TILLAGE; FERTILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE; FLUXES; TEMPERATURE AB Soil N2O emissions from three corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in central Iowa were measured from the spring of 2003 through February 2005. The three managements systems evaluated were full-width tillage (fall chisel plow, spring disk), no-till, and no-till with a rye (Secale cereale L. 'Rymin') winter cover crop. Four replicate plots of each treatment were established within each crop of the rotation and both crops were present in each of the two growing seasons. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured weekly during the periods of April through October, biweekly during March and November, and monthly in December, January, and February. Two polyvinyl chloride rings (30-cm diameter) were installed in each plot (in and between plant rows) and were used to support soil chambers during the gas flux measurements. Flux measurements were performed by placing vented chambers on the rings and collecting gas samples 0, 15, 30, and 45 min following chamber deployment. Nitrous oxide fluxes were computed from the change in N2O concentration with time, after accounting for diffusional constraints. We observed no significant tillage or cover crop effects on N2O flux in either year. In 2003 mean N2O fluxes were 2.7,2.2, and 2.3 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) from the soybean plots under chisel plow, no-till, and no-till + cover crop, respectively. Emissions from the chisel plow, no-till, and no-till + cover crop plots planted to corn averaged 10.2, 7.9, and 7.6 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. In 2004 fluxes from both crops were higher than in 2003, but fluxes did not differ among the management systems. Fluxes from the corn plots were significantly higher than from the soybean plots in both years. Comparison of our results with estimates calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default emission factor of 0.0125 indicate that the estimated fluxes underestimate measured emissions by a factor of 3 at our sites. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 38 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1496 EP 1506 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0183 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900057 PM 16825470 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Singh, BP Whitehead, WF Wang, S AF Sainju, Upendra M. Singh, Bharat P. Whitehead, Wayne F. Wang, Shirley TI Carbon supply and storage in tilled and nontilled soils as influenced by cover crops and nitrogen fertilization SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID ROOT-DERIVED CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONTINUOUS CORN; WINTER LEGUMES; C-13 ABUNDANCE; GRAIN-SORGHUM; NO-TILLAGE; RESIDUE; MATTER AB Soil carbon (C) sequestration in tilled and nontilled areas can be influenced by crop management practices due to differences in plant C inputs and their rate of mineralization. We examined the influence of four cover crops (legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], non-legume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye), and no cover crops (or winter weeds)) and three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg N ha(-1)) on C inputs from cover crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], and soil organic carbon (SOC) at the 0- to 120-cm depth in tilled and nontilled areas. A field experiment was conducted on Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults) from 1999 to 2002 in central Georgia. Total C inputs to the soil from cover crops, cotton, and sorghum from 2000 to 2002 ranged from 6.8 to 22.8 Mg ha(-1). The SOC at 0 to 10 cm fluctuated with C input from October 1999 to November 2002 and was greater from cover crops than from weeds in no-tilled plots. In contrast, SOC values at 10 to 30 em in no-tilled and at 0 to 60 cm in chisel-tilled plots were greater for biculture than for weeds. As a result, C at 0 to 30 cm was sequestered at rates of 267, 33, -133, and -967 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) for biculture, rye, vetch, and weeds, respectively, in the no-tilled plot. In strip-tilled and chisel-tilled plots, SOC at 0 to 30 cm decreased at rates of 233 to 1233 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1). The SOC at 0 to 30 cm increased more in cover crops with 120 to 130 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) than in weeds with 0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) regardless of tillage. In the subtropical humid region of the southeastern United States, cover crops and N fertilization can increase the amount of C input and storage in tilled and nontilled soils, and hairy vetch and rye biculture was more effective in sequestering C than monocultures or no cover crop. C1 USDA ARS NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1517 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0189 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900058 PM 16825471 ER PT J AU Birdsey, RA AF Birdsey, Richard A. TI Carbon accounting rules and guidelines for the united states forest sector SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA AB The United States Climate Change Initiative includes improvements to the U.S. Department of Energy's Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. The program includes specific accounting rules and guidelines for reporting and registering forestry activities that reduce atmospheric CO(2) by increasing carbon sequestration or reducing emissions. In the forestry sector, there is potential for the economic value of emissions credits to provide increased income for landowners, to support rural development, to facilitate the practice of sustainable forest management, and to support restoration of ecosystems. Forestry activities with potential for achieving substantial reductions include, but are not limited to: afforestation, mine land reclamation, forest restoration, agroforestry, forest management, short-rotation biomass energy plantations, forest protection, wood production, and urban forestry. To be eligible for registration, the reported reductions must use methods and meet standards contained in the guidelines. Forestry presents some unique challenges and opportunities because of the diversity of activities, the variety of practices that can affect greenhouse gases, year-to-year variability in emissions and sequestration, the effects of activities on different forest carbon pools, and accounting for the effects of natural disturbance. C1 USDS Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Birdsey, RA (reprint author), USDS Forest Serv, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM rbirdsey@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1518 EP 1524 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0193 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900059 PM 16825472 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV Yesilonis, ID Nowak, DJ AF Pouyat, Richard V. Yesilonis, Ian D. Nowak, David J. TI Carbon storage by urban soils in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID LAND-USE; FORESTS; CLIMATE; LITTER; TREES; POOLS AB We used data available from the literature and measurements from Baltimore, Maryland, to (i) assess inter-city variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (1-m depth) of six cities (Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Oakland, and Syracuse); (ii) calculate the net effect of urban land-use conversion on SOC pools for the same cities; (iii) use the National Land Cover Database to extrapolate total SOC pools for each of the lower 48 U.S. states; and (iv) compare these totals with aboveground totals of carbon storage by trees. Residential soils in Baltimore had SOC densities that were approximately 20 to 34% less than Moscow or Chicago. By contrast, park soils in Baltimore had more than double the SOC density of Hong Kong. Of the six cities, Atlanta and Chicago had the highest and lowest SOC densities per total area, respectively (7.83 and 5.49 kg m(2)). On a pervious area basis, the SOC densities increased between 8.32 (Oakland) and 10.82 (Atlanta) kg m(-2). In the northeastern United States, Boston and Syracuse had 1.6-fold less SOC post- than in pre-urban development stage. By contrast, cities located in warmer and/or drier climates had slightly higher SOC pools post- than in pre-urban development stage (4 and 6% for Oakland and Chicago, respectively). For the state analysis, aboveground estimates of C density varied from a low of 0.3 (WY) to a high of 5.1 (GA) kg m(-2), while belowground estimates varied from 4.6 (NV) to 12.7 (NH) kg m(-2). The ratio of aboveground to belowground estimates of C storage varied widely with an overall ratio of 2.8. Our results suggest that urban soils have the potential to sequester large amounts of SOC, especially in residential areas where management inputs and the lack of annual soil disturbances create conditions for net increases in SOC. In addition, our analysis suggests the importance of regional variations of land-use and land-cover distributions, especially wetlands, in estimating urban SOC pools. C1 Univ Maryland, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. SUNY, ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 5200 Westland Blvd,Room 134, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM rpouyat@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 132 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1566 EP 1575 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0215 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900064 PM 16825477 ER PT J AU Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Reule, CA Liu, XJJ AF Mosier, Arvin R. Halvorson, Ardell D. Reule, Curtis A. Liu, Xuejun J. TI Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in irrigated cropping systems in northeastern Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID SOIL RESPIRATION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROUS-OXIDE; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; METHANE OXIDATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM; EMISSIONS; AGRICULTURE; DIOXIDE AB The impact of management on global warming potential (GWP), crop production, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in irrigated agriculture is not well documented. A no-fill (NT) cropping systems study initiated in 1999 to evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in irrigated agriculture was used in this study to make trace gas flux measurements for 3 yr to facilitate a complete greenhouse gas accounting of GWP and GHGI. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured using static, vented chambers, one to three times per week, year round, from April 2002 through October 2004 within conventional-till continuous corn (CT-CC) and NT continuous corn (NT-CC) plots and in NT corn-soybean rotation (NT-CB) plots. Nitrogen fertilizer rates ranged from 0 to 224 kg N ha(-1). Methane fluxes were small and did not differ between tillage systems. Nitrous oxide fluxes increased linearly with increasing N fertilizer rate each year, but emission rates varied with years. Carbon dioxide efflux was higher in CT compared to NT in 2002 but was not different by tillage in 2003 or 2004. Based on soil respiration and residue C inputs, NT soils were net sinks of GWP when adequate fertilizer was added to maintain crop production. The CT soils were smaller net sinks for GWP than NT soils. The determinant for the net GWP relationship was a balance between soil respiration and N2O emissions. Based on soil C sequestration, only NT soils were net sinks for GWP. Both estimates of GWP and GHGI indicate that when appropriate crop production levels are achieved, net CO2 emissions are reduced. The results suggest that economic viability and environmental conservation can be achieved by minimizing tillage and utilizing appropriate levels of fertilizer. C1 Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO USA. China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, 281 Frazier Rogers Bldg,Museum Rd,POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 254 Z9 282 U1 12 U2 114 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1584 EP 1598 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0232 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900066 PM 16825479 ER PT J AU He, X Izaurralde, RC Vanotti, MB Williams, JR Thomson, AM AF He, X. Izaurralde, R. C. Vanotti, M. B. Williams, J. R. Thomson, A. M. TI Simulating long-term and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization on corn yields, soil carbon sequestration, and soil nitrogen dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry CY MAR 21-24, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP USDA ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; EPIC MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CROP YIELD; WINTER-WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; SENSITIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) has the potential to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO(2) and mitigate greenhouse warming. Understanding of this potential can be assisted by the use of simulation models. We evaluated the ability of the EPIC model to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) at Arlington, WI, during 1958-1991. Corn was grown continuously on a Typic Argiudoll with three N levels: LTN1 (control), LTN2 (medium), and LTN3 (high). The LTN2 N rate started at 56 kg ha(-1) (1958), increased to 92 kg ha(-1) (1963), and reached 140 kg ha(-1) (1973). The LTN3 N rate was maitained at twice the LTN2 level. In 1984, each plot was divided into four subplots receiving N at 0, 84, 168, and 252 kg ha-1. Five treatments were used for model evaluation. Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1958-1983 decreased as N rate increased (LTN1 = -5.0%, LTN2 = 3.5%, and LTN3 = 1.0%). Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1985-1991 were larger than during the first period. Simulated and observed mean yields during 1958-1991 were highly correlated (R(2) = 0.961, p < 0.01). Simulated SOC agreed well with observed values with percent errors from -5.8 to 0.5% in 1984 and from -5.1 to 0.7% in 1990. EPIC captured the dynamics of SOC, SCS, and microbial biomass. Simulated net N mineralization rates were lower than those from laboratory incubations. Improvements in EPIC's ability to predict annual variability of crop yields may lead to improved estimates of SCS. C1 Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Blacklands Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Thomson, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM allison.thomson@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1608 EP 1619 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0259 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 065WE UT WOS:000239189900068 PM 16825481 ER PT J AU Tucker, AO Maciarello, MJ Bryson, CT AF Tucker, Arthur O. Maciarello, Michael J. Bryson, Charles T. TI The essential oil of Kyllinga odorata Vahl (Cyperaceae) from Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kyllinga odorata; Cyperus sesquiflorus; Cyperaceae; dihydrokaranone; aristolochene ID CONSTITUENTS; AGARWOOD AB An essential oil of fragrant kyllinga, Kyllinga odorata Vahl (Cyperaceae), collected in Mississippi, was examined by GC/MS/FID. Twenty-three different constituents were identified with dominant components of dihydrokaranone (53.1 +/- 16.6%) and aristolochene (11.3 +/- 2.4%). C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Tucker, AO (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 381 EP 382 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 073VG UT WOS:000239770100010 ER PT J AU Vavra, J Hylis, M Vossbrinck, CR Pilarska, DK Linde, A Weiser, J McManus, ML Hoch, G Solter, LF AF Vavra, J Hylis, M Vossbrinck, CR Pilarska, DK Linde, A Weiser, J McManus, ML Hoch, G Solter, LF TI Vairimorpha disparis n. comb. (Microsporidia : Burenellidae): A redescription and taxonomic revision of Thelohania disparis timofejeva 1956, a microsporidian parasite of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; microsporidia; Nosema lymantriae; Nosema portugal; SSU rDNA sequence; Thelohania disparis; Thelohania similis; Vairimorpha lymantriae; Vairimorpha sp ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA HUBNER; INDIAN-MEAL MOTH; HOST-SPECIFICITY; EPISPORONTAL INCLUSIONS; PLEISTOPHORA-SCHUBERGI; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NECATRIX KRAMER; SEQUENCE DATA; PATHOGEN; PROTOZOA AB Investigation of pathogens of populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) in Central and Eastern Europe revealed the existence of a microsporidium (Fungi: Microsporidia) of the genus Vairimorpha. The parasite produced three spore morphotypes. Internally infective spores are formed in the gut and adjacent muscle and connective tissue; single diplokaryotic spores and monokaryotic spores grouped by eight in sporophorous vesicles develop in the fat body tissues. The small subunit rDNA gene sequences of various isolates of the Vairimorpha microsporidia, obtained from L. dispar in various habitats in the investigated region, revealed their mutual identity. In phylogenetic analyses, the organism clustered with other L. dispar microsporidia that form only diplokaryotic spores in the sporogony cycle. The octospores of certain microsporidia infecting Lepidoptera that were previously described as Thelohania spp., have recently been shown to be one of the several spore morphotypes produced by species in the genus Vairimorpha. Because the description and drawings of a parasite described as Thelohania disparis by Timofejeva fit the characteristics of Vairimorpha, and all octospore-producing microsporidia collected from L. dispar since 1985 are genetically identical Vairimorpha species, it is believed that the parasite characterized here is identical to T. disparis Timofejeva 1956, and is herein redescribed, characterized, and transferred to the genus Vairimorpha as the new combination Vairimorpha disparis n. comb. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Electron Microscopy Lab, Prague 2, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. Fachhsch Eberswalde, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Forest Serv, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Inst Forest Entomol Forest Pathol & Forest Protec, BOKU, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Charles Univ, Dept Parasitol, Fac Sci, Prague 2, Czech Republic. RP Solter, LF (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM lsolter@uiuc.edu RI Vavra, Jiri/H-2157-2014 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00108.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 059TP UT WOS:000238755400008 PM 16872297 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Achtemeier, GL Glitzenstein, JS Streng, DR Macintosh, D AF Naeher, Luke P. Achtemeier, Gary L. Glitzenstein, Jeff S. Streng, Donna R. Macintosh, David TI Real-time and time-integrated PM(2.5) and CO from prescribed burns in chipped and non-chipped plots: firefighter and community exposure and health implications SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prescribed burn; forest fire; firefighter; PM(2.5); CO; air quality; mechanical chipping ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; LUNG-FUNCTION; SMOKE; CALIFORNIA; DISEASE; FLORIDA AB In this study, smoke data were collected from two plots located on the Francis Marion National Forest in South Carolina during prescribed burns on 12 February 2003. One of the plots had been subjected to mechanical chipping, the other was not. This study is part of a larger investigation of fire behavior related to mechanical chipping, parts of which are presented elsewhere. The primary objective of the study reported herein was to measure PM(2.5) and CO exposures from prescribed burn smoke from a mechanically chipped vs. non-chipped site. Ground-level time-integrated PM(2.5) samplers (n = 9/plot) were placed at a height of 1.5 m around the sampling plots on the downwind side separated by approximately 20 m. Elevated time-integrated PM(2.5) samplers (n = 4/plot) were hung atop similar to 30 ft poles at positions within the interior of each of the plots. Real-time PM(2.5) and CO data were collected at downwind locations on the perimeter of each plot. Time-integrated perimeter 12-h PM(2.5) concentrations in the non-chipped plot (AVG 519.9 mu g/m(3), SD 238.8 mu g/ m 3) were significantly higher (1-tail P-value 0.01) than those at the chipped plot (AVG 198.1 mu g/m(3), SD 71.6 mu g/m(3)). Similarly, interior time-integrated 8-h PM(2.5) concentrations in the non-chipped plot (AVG 773.4 mu g/m(3), SD 321.8 mu g/m(3)) were moderately higher (1-tail P-value 0.06) than those at the chipped plot (AVG 460.3 mu g/m(3), SD 147.3 mu g/m(3)). Real-time PM(2.5) and CO data measured at a position in the chipped plot were uniformly lower than those observed at the same position in the non-chipped plot over the same time period. These results demonstrate that smoke exposures resulting from burned chipped plots are considerably lower than from burned non-chipped plots. These findings have potentially important implications for both firefighters working prescribed burnings at chipped vs. non-chipped sites, as well as nearby communities who may be impacted from smoke traveling downwind from these sights. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Environm Hlth & Engn Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, EHS Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM LNaeher@uga.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500497 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 068QN UT WOS:000239389600007 PM 16736059 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H Friedman, M AF Juneja, Vijay K. Thippareddi, H. Friedman, Mendel TI Control of Clostridium perfringens in cooked ground beef by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, or oregano oil during chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ROAST BEEF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; MEAT; PRODUCTS AB Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and oregano oil was evaluated during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (75% lean) obtained from a local grocery store. Test substances were mixed into thawed ground beef at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% (wt/wt) along with a heat-activated three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.8 log spores per g. Aliquots (5 g) of the ground beef mixtures were vacuum-packaged and then cooked in a water bath, the temperature of which was raised to 60 degrees C in 1 h. The products were cooled from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 15, 18, or 21 h, resulting in 3.18, 4.64, 4.76, and 5.04 log CFU/g increases, respectively, in C. perfringens populations. Incorporation of test compounds (>= 0.1%) into the beef completely inhibited C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth (P <= 0.05) during exponential cooling of the cooked beef in 12 h. Longer chilling times (15, 18, and 21 h) required greater concentrations to inhibit spore germination and outgrowth. Cinnamaldehyde was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective (< 1.0 log CFU/g growth) at a lower concentration (0.5%) at the most abusive chilling rate evaluated (21 h) than the other compounds. Incorporation of lower levels of these test compounds with other antimicrobials used in meat product formulations may reduce the potential risk of C. perfringens germination and outgrowth during abusive cooling regimes. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94701 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1546 EP 1551 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800008 PM 16865884 ER PT J AU Schultze, KK Linton, RH Cousin, MA Luchansky, JB Tamplin, ML AF Schultze, K. K. Linton, R. H. Cousin, M. A. Luchansky, J. B. Tamplin, M. L. TI A predictive model to describe the effects of temperature, sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate on the inactivation of a serotype 4b strain of Listeria monocytogenes in a frankfurter slurry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED GOMPERTZ EQUATION; THERMAL INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; SCOTT; HEAT; BEEF; PH AB A modified Gompertz equation was used to model the effects of temperature (55, 60, and 65 degrees C), sodium lactate (0, 2.4, and 4.8%), and sodium diacetate (0, 0.125, and 0.25%) on inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes strain MFS 102 (serotype 4b) in frankfurter slurry. The effects of these factors were determined on the shouldering region (parameter A), maximum death rate (parameter B), and tailing region (parameter C) of microbial inactivation curves. Increased temperature or sodium diacetate concentrations increased the death rate, whereas increased sodium lactate concentrations decreased heat resistance. Complex two-way interactive effects were also observed. As both temperature and sodium lactate increased, the death rate decreased; however, as temperature and sodium diacetate increased, the death rate increased. The effect of the interaction between sodium lactate and sodium diacetate on the maximum death rate varied with temperature. Increases in both acidulants at temperatures above 56.7 degrees C decreased the death rate, whereas at temperatures below 56.7 degrees C, increases in both acidulants increased the death rate. To test for significant differences between treatments, D-values were calculated and compared. This comparison revealed that, in general, sodium lactate increased heat resistance and sodium diacetate decreased heat resistance of L. monocytogenes. This information is important for reducing and minimizing contamination during postprocessing thermal treatments. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Linton, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, 745 Agr Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM linton@purdue.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1552 EP 1560 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800009 PM 16865885 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Lonczynski, KA AF Niemira, Brendan A. Lonczynski, Kelly A. TI Nalidixic acid resistance influences sensitivity to ionizing radiation among Salmonella isolates SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; IRRADIATION; MECHANISM; LETTUCE; FOODS AB Nalidixic acid (Nal) resistance has been used as a selective marker for studies of pathogen-inoculated fruits and vegetables. A collection of 24 Salmonella isolates were screened for natural resistance to Nal (50 mu g/ml). The resistance to ionizing radiation was determined and compared for i) three naturally Nal-resistant (Nal(R)) strains, ii) three naturally Nal-sensitive (Nals) strains. and iii) three strains derived from Nals strains that were made resistant to Nal (Nal(Ri)) by successive culturing and selection in Nal-amended broth. The radiation D-10-values (the radiation dose required to achieve a 1-log reduction in population) were determined in buffer solution and in orange juice. D-10-values were significantly (P < 0.05) different among the Salmonella isolates tested. When considered as a group, Nal(R) isolates were significantly more sensitive to ionizing radiation than Nals isolates in both media tested. In buffer, D-10 of Nal(R) was 0.210 kGy versus 0.257 kGy for Nals. In orange juice, D-10 of Nal(R) was 0.581 versus 0.764 for Nal(S). Inducing resistance to Nal altered the response to irradiation. D-10-value of Nal(Ri) was 0.234 kGy in buffer, a 9% reduction relative to Nal(S) parents. In orange juice, the D-10-value of Nal(Ri) was 0.637 kGy, a reduction of 17% relative to Nal(S) parents. These results suggest that natural and/or induced resistance to Nal may predispose Salmonella isolates to greater sensitivity to ionizing radiation, and that this effect is influenced by the suspending medium and by the nature of the isolates evaluated. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bniemira@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1587 EP 1593 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800014 PM 16865890 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Hinton, Arthur, Jr. Ingram, Kimberly D. TI Antimicrobial activity of potassium hydroxide and lauric acid against microorganisms associated with poultry processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; SPOILAGE BACTERIA; CHICKEN SKIN; RAW POULTRY; WATER; MEAT; MONOGLYCERIDES AB The antimicrobial activity of solutions of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and mixtures of KOH and lauric acid against microorganisms associated with poultry processing was determined. In vitro tests were performed by enumerating viable microorganisms recovered from bacterial cultures suspended in peptone water (control) and in solutions of 0.1% KOH or mixtures of 0.1% KOH and 0.25 or 0.50% lauric acid. Additional studies were conducted to identify changes in the native microbial flora of poultry skin washed in distilled water, KOH, or KOH-lauric acid. Although results of in vitro studies indicated that significantly fewer bacteria (P <= 0.05) were recovered from cultures suspended in KOH than from cultures suspended in peptone water, there were also significantly fewer bacteria recovered from cultures suspended in KOH-lauric acid than from cultures suspended in KOH. Results of experiments with broiler skin indicated that although rinsates of skin washed in 1.0% KOH solutions contained significantly fewer total aerobic bacteria and enterococci than did skin washed in water. significantly fewer of these microorganisms were generally recovered from rinsates of skin washed in mixtures of 1.0% KOH and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0% lauric acid than from skin washed in KOH alone. Washing of broiler skin in solutions of 0.25 to 1.00% KOH or mixtures containing these concentrations of KOH and two parts lauric acid (wt/vol) also significantly reduced the populations of bacteria and yeasts in the native flora of broiler skin. Enterococci, lactic acid bacteria, and staphylococci in the native flora of the skin had the highest level of resistance to the bactericidal activity of KOH-lauric acid. These findings indicate that the antimicrobial activity of KOH-lauric acid is significantly greater than that of KOH alone in vitro and on poultry skin. Thus, KOH-lauric acid may be useful for reducing the level of microbial contamination associated with poultry processing. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1611 EP 1615 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800018 PM 16865894 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fan, XT Kozempel, MF AF Ukuku, Dike O. Fan, Xuetong Kozempel, Michael F. TI Effect of vacuum-steam-vacuum treatment on microbial quality of whole and fresh-cut cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS; SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; SHELF-LIFE; NATIVE MICROFLORA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VEGETABLES; SALMONELLA; CHLORINE; LETTUCE; TEMPERATURE AB Minimally processed fruits and vegetables have a limited shelf life because of deterioration caused by spoilage microflora and physiological processes. Cutting may increase microbial spoilage of fruits through transfer of microflora on the outer surfaces to the interior tissue. The objectives of this study were to use the vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) process to reduce indigenous spoilage microflora on the surface of cantaloupes and to investigate the effects of such treatments on transfer of spoilage microflora from the cantaloupe surface to the fresh-cut melon during rind removal and cutting. Whole cantaloupes were treated in the VSV processor, and fresh-cut pieces prepared from treated and control samples were stored at 5 and 10 degrees C for up to 9 days. Presence and growth of mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, and Pseudomonas spp. were determined in fresh-cut samples during storage. Texture and color (CIE L*, a*, and b*) also were measured during storage. VSV treatment resulted in a 1.0-log reduction of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, a 2.0-log reduction of yeasts and molds, and a 1.5-log reduction of Pseudotnonas spp. on cantaloupe surfaces. VSV treatment significantly reduced transfer of yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas spp. from whole cantaloupe surface to fresh-cut pieces during preparation (P < 0.05). Texture and color of the freshcut pieces prepared from the VSV-treated whole melons were similar to those of the controls. The results of this study indicate that the use of the VSV process to reduce the surface populations of yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas spp. on whole cantaloupes will reduce subsequent transfer of these microbes to fresh-cut pieces and enhance the microbial quality of the fresh-cut product. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1623 EP 1629 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800020 PM 16865896 ER PT J AU Cates, SC Morales, RA Karns, SA Jaykus, LA Kosa, KM Teneyck, T Moore, CM Cowen, P AF Cates, Sheryl C. Morales, Roberta A. Karns, Shawn A. Jaykus, Lee-Ann Kosa, Katherine M. Teneyck, Toby Moore, Christina M. Cowen, Peter TI Consumer knowledge, storage, and handling practices regarding Listeria in frankfurters and deli meats: Results of a web-based survey SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TO-EAT FOODS; MONOCYTOGENES; SAFETY; MEMORY AB Proper storage and handling of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods can help reduce the risk of listeriosis. A national Web-based survey was conducted to measure consumer awareness and knowledge of Listeria and to estimate the prevalence of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-recommended consumer storage and handling practices for frankfurters and deli meats. The demographic characteristics of consumers who are unaware of Listeria and who do not follow the recommended storage guidelines were also assessed. In addition, predictive models were developed to determine which consumers engage in risky storage practices. Less than half of the consumers surveyed were aware of Listeria, and most of those aware were unable to identify associated food vehicles. Awareness was lower among adults 60 years of age and older, an at-risk population for listeriosis, and individuals with relatively less education and lower incomes. Most households safely stored and prepared frankfurters. Most households stored unopened packages of vacuum-packed deli meats in the refrigerator within the U.S. Department of Agriculture-recommended storage guidelines (<= 14 days); however, many stored opened packages of vacuum-packed deli meats and freshly sliced deli meats for longer than the recommended time (<= 5 days). Men, more-educated individuals, and individuals living in metropolitan areas were more likely to engage in risky storage practices. This study identified the need to develop targeted educational initiatives on listeriosis prevention. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cowen, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM peter_cowen@ncsu.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1630 EP 1639 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 064HM UT WOS:000239079800021 PM 16865897 ER PT J AU Steele, J Chandran, RS Grafton, WN Huebner, CD McGill, DW AF Steele, Jennifer Chandran, Rakesh S. Grafton, William N. Huebner, Cynthia D. McGill, David W. TI Awareness and management of invasive plants among West Virginia woodland owners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE invasive plants; private forests; outreach AB Although the need to engage woodland owners in managing invasive plants has been recognized, little is known about what motivates them to undertake such activities. Based on key informant interviews and a landowner questionnaire, this study assesses awareness and management of invasive plants among woodland owners in West Virginia and outreach implications. Although findings suggested that the issue of invasive plants was moderately salient, landowners identified a limited range of species. A large proportion of landowners who were aware of undesirable plants on their property had tried to control them, suggesting the absence of widespread barriers to initiating management. Instead, needs lie with improving effectiveness and follow-through and building awareness of a wider range of invasive plants and their impacts. C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Steele, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, POB 6326, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM JKSteele@mail.wvu.edu; RSChandran@mail.wvu.edu; wgrafton@wvu.edu; chuebner@fs.fed.us; dmcgill@wvu.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 104 IS 5 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084GC UT WOS:000240519500003 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Morgan, TA Gebert, KM Brandit, JP Blatner, KA Spoelma, TP AF Keegan, Charles E., III Morgan, Todd A. Gebert, Krista M. Brandit, Jason P. Blatner, Keith A. Spoelma, Timothy P. TI Timber-processing capacity and capabilities in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE capacity utilization; milling capacity; small-diameter timber ID AMERICA AB This examination of milling capacity and timber use in the western United States summarizes changes in the region's wood products industry and its ability to use trees of various sizes. Between 1986 and 2003, total timber-processing capacity in the West (excluding pulpwood and fuelwood) declined from 5.0 to 3.2 billion cubic feet annually, and capacity utilization decreased from 3.6 to 2.5 billion cubic feet. During 2003, 2.2 billion cubic feet of timber processed in the West was from trees >= 10-in. dbh, and 2.5 billion cubic feet (80%) of capacity was not capable of efficiently processing trees < 10-in. dbh. Geographic distribution of existing capacity and small-tree capabilities is critical to forest management activities throughout the West. C1 Univ Montana, Forest Ind Res, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Keegan, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Forest Ind Res, Bur Business & Econ Res, Gallagher Business Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Charles.Keegan@business.unit.edu; Todd.Morgan@business.umt.edu; kgebert@fs.fed.us; Jason.Brandt@business.umt.edu; blatner@wsu.edu; Tim.Spoelma@business.umt.edu NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 104 IS 5 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084GC UT WOS:000240519500005 ER PT J AU Flint, CG Haynes, R AF Flint, Courtney G. Haynes, Richard TI Managing forest disturbances and community responses: Lessons from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE community action; community response; forest disturbance; risk perception; spruce bark beetles; natural resource management ID RISK AB Managing forest disturbances can be complicated by diverse human community responses. Interviews and quantitative analysis of mail surveys were used to assess risk perceptions and community actions in response to forest disturbance by spruce bark beetles. Despite high risk perception of immediate threats to personal safety and property, risk perceptions of broader threats to community and ecological well-being were found to be more likely to influence participation in community action. Results imply that increased dialogue between resource managers and local community residents contributes to broader risk assessment and prioritization of risk mitigation strategies. Identifying community risk perceptions, tapping into local capacities for action, and accepting controversy facilitate sound decisionmaking and give voice to local concerns regarding risk mitigation after forest disturbance. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Plant Sci Lab 1023, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Human & Nat Resources Interact Programs, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Flint, CG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Plant Sci Lab 1023, 1201 S Dorner Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cflint@uiuc.edu; rhaynes@fi.fed.us NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 104 IS 5 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084GC UT WOS:000240519500006 ER PT J AU Streed, E Nichols, JD Gallatin, K AF Streed, Erik Nichols, J. Doland Gallatin, Ken TI A financial analysis of small-scale tropical reforestation with native species in Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tropical reforestation; Terminalia amazonia; financial analysis; farm forestry ID PLANTATIONS; GROWTH; TREE; LAND; PURE AB In 1990 four Peace Corps Volunteers in Costa Rica completed their service and started a private reforestation project. The goal was to see if a small tree plantation could be profitable compared with traditional land uses. This article discusses the economics of the first 15 years of the project, using actual cash flows, and makes projections for financial outcomes. We documented the yearly-expenses and revenues (cash flows) for operating a small tropical woodlot, costs and/or revenues from the specific woodlot management operations, and profit projections over the 25-year life of the project. We used realized growth rates, milling costs, and wood sale prices to show that small-scale reforestation with mixtures of native species can be financially profitable, both for an investor and a former/landowner. C1 USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC USA. So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Sustainable Forestry Program, Lismore, NSW, Australia. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Streed, E (reprint author), USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Foreign Agr Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM estreed@usaid.gov; dnichols@scu.edu.au; dinjiduhareface@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 104 IS 5 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 084GC UT WOS:000240519500007 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Hessburg, PF AF Hargrove, William W. Hoffman, Forrest M. Hessburg, Paul F. TI Mapcurves: a quantitative method for comparing categorical maps SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecoregion; goodness-of-fit; kappa statistic; landcover; model validation; overlap; spatial concordance; spatial uncertainty; vegetation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUZZY-SETS; LOCATION; SIMILARITY; RESOLUTION AB We present Mapcurves, a quantitative goodness-of-fit (GOF) method that unambiguously shows the degree of spatial concordance between two or more categorical maps. Mapcurves graphically and quantitatively evaluate the degree of fit among any number of maps and quantify a GOF for each polygon, as well as the entire map. The Mapcurve method indicates a perfect fit even if all polygons in one map are comprised of unique sets of the polygons in another map, if the coincidence among map categories is absolute. It is not necessary to interpret (or even know) legend descriptors for the categories in the maps to be compared, since the degree of fit in the spatial overlay alone forms the basis for the comparison. This feature makes Mapcurves ideal for comparing maps derived from remotely sensed images. A translation table is provided for the categories in each map as an output. Since the comparison is category-based rather than cell-based, the GOF is resolution-independent. Mapcurves can be applied either to entire map categories or to individual raster patches or vector polygons. Mapcurves also have applications for quantifying the spatial uncertainty of particular map features. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnw@fire.esd.ornl.gov; forrest@climate.ornl.gov; phessburg@fs.fed.us RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-5930 J9 J GEOGR SYST JI J. Geogr. Syst. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10109-006-0025-x PG 22 WC Geography SC Geography GA 102KM UT WOS:000241809800006 ER PT J AU Min, X Palmer, RG AF Min Xu Palmer, Reid G. TI Genetic analysis of 4 new mutants at the unstable k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region in soybean SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article AB In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), a chromosomal region defined by 3 closely linked loci, k2 (tan-saddle seed coat), Mdh1-n (malate dehydrogenase 1 null), and y20 (yellow foliage), is highly mutable. A total of 31 mutants have been reported from this region. In this study, a mutation with tan-saddle seed coat was found from bulk-harvested seed of cultivar Kenwood. Genetic analysis established that this tan-saddle seed coat mutation is allelic to the k2 locus and inherited as a recessive gene. Simple sequence repeat analysis showed that this mutant is not a contaminant from other existing k2 mutants. The mutant was named Kenwood-k2. To test for genetic instability at the k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region, Kenwood-k2 was crossed reciprocally with cultivars Harosoy and Williams. No new mutants were found in F-2 families. In the genetic instability tests of T239 (k2) with cultivar Williams, 3 new mutants with yellow foliage (y20) and malate dehydrogenase 1 null (Mdh1-n) were identified. In the genetic instability tests of T261 (k2 Mdh1-n) with cultivar Williams, no new mutants were found. The Kenwood-k2 and the 3 yellow-foliage, malate dehydrogenase 1-null mutants provide additional genetic materials to study chromosomal aberrations in this mutable/unstable chromosomal region. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS,Interdept Genet Grad Program, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1093/jhered/esl015 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 075RJ UT WOS:000239902600013 ER PT J AU Wright, MK Brandt, SL Coudron, TA Wagner, RM Habibi, J Backus, EA Huesing, JE AF Wright, M. Knop Brandt, S. L. Coudron, T. A. Wagner, R. M. Habibi, J. Backus, E. A. Huesing, J. E. TI Characterization of digestive proteolytic activity in Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; digestive physiology; protease inhibitors ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; SALIVARY-GLANDS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSGENIC POTATO; INSECTS; ENZYMES; RESISTANCE; INHIBITOR; PROTEASES; SYSTEM AB The tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, is a pest that causes considerable economic losses to vegetables, cotton, canola, and alfalfa. Detailed knowledge of its digestive physiology will provide new opportunities for a sustainable pest management approach to control this insect. Little is known about the different protease class contributions to the overall digestion of a specific protein. To this end, the proteolytic activities in female adult L. hesperus salivary gland and midgut homogenates were quantified over a range of pH's and time points, and the contribution of different classes of proteases to the degradation of FITC-casein was determined. In the salivary gland, serine proteases were the predominant class responsible for caseinolytic activity, with the rate of activity increasing with increasing pH. In contrast, both aspartic and serine proteases contributed to caseinolytic activity in the midgut. Aspartic protease activity predominated at pH 5.0 and occurred immediately after incubation, whereas serine protease activity predominated at pH 7.5 after a 9 h delay and was resistant to aprotinin. The salivary serine proteases were distinctly different from midgut serine proteases, based on the tissue-specific differential susceptibility to aprotinin and differing pH optima. Collectively, the caseinolytic activities complement one another, expanding the location and pH range over which digestion can occur. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. USDA ARS, Off Technol Transfer, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63198 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 43 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 7 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.03.012 PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 064ID UT WOS:000239081500008 ER PT J AU Popham, HJR Shelby, KS AF Popham, Holly J. R. Shelby, Kent S. TI Uptake of dietary micronutrients from artificial diets by larval Heliothis virescens SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromium; copper; molybdenum; selenium; zinc ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; SELENIUM ACCUMULATION; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; ZINC; NOCTUIDAE; VIRULENCE; CHROMIUM AB Micronutrient assimilation from artificial diet by larvae of Heliothis virescens during selenium (Se) supplementation was studied. The metal content of pupae and plugs of the artificial diet on which they had developed from hatching was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Levels of the metals Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Se, Na, and Zn were not bioaccumulated from the diet regardless of the amount of Se added to the diet. Only pupal Cu and Mo bioaccumulation were found to be altered significantly by dietary Se supplementation. Larvae fed Zn, which was found in higher levels in pupae than diet, had a deleterious response to increasing levels of dietary Zn. Larvae fed Cr, found in higher levels in diet than in pupae, were not adversely affected when increasing levels of Cr were added to the diet. Based on this analysis, metals were identified that might well impact the fitness of a given colony of insects in relation to their diet. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Popham, HJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM pophamh@missouri.edu RI Shelby, Kent/E-1605-2011 OI Shelby, Kent/0000-0001-9859-3497 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 7 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.04.005 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 064ID UT WOS:000239081500014 PM 16769081 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ AF Becnel, James J. TI Expanding frontiers for microsporidia: A tribute to Professor Elizabeth U. Canning SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jbecnel@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.01.009 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 065ZF UT WOS:000239198300002 PM 16764884 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ AF Becnel, James J. TI Transmission of viruses to mosquito larvae mediated by divalent cations SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol HO Univ Alaska DE baculovirus; cypovirus; densovirus; iridovirus; transmission; microbial control ID CYTOPLASMIC-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; URANOTAENIA-SAPPHIRINA DIPTERA; CULEX-NIGRIPALPUS; IRIDESCENT VIRUS; AEDES-TAENIORHYNCHUS; ADULT MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; BACULOVIRUS; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; INFECTIONS AB The two major groups of pathogenic viruses in mosquitoes are the occluded viruses, represented by baculoviruses and cypoviruses, and the non-occluded viruses, represented by the densoviruses and the iridoviruses. Baculoviruses, densoviruses, and iridoviruses are DNA viruses, while cypoviruses are the major group of RNA viruses reported from mosquitoes. Research on mosquito pathogenic viruses has been limited, in part, due to the inability to effectively transmit them to the larval mosquito host. Recently, there have been tremendous advancements in the ability to transmit mosquito baculoviruses and cypoviruses with the finding that transmission is mediated by divalent cations. Oral transmission of both baculoviruses and cypoviruses to mosquito larvae is enhanced by magnesium and inhibited by calcium ions. The current status of transmission for each of the major groups is reviewed with emphasis on the common role of divalent cations in transmission of the distantly related baculoviruses and cypoviruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jbecnel@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.03.007 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 065ZF UT WOS:000239198300005 PM 16764887 ER PT J AU Oi, DH AF Oi, David H. TI Effect of mono- and polygyne social forms on transmission and spread of a microsporidium in fire ant populations SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol HO Univ Alaska DE red imported fire ant; Solenopsis invicta; Thelohania solenopsae; monogyne; polygyne; transmission; dispersal; biological control ID THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE MICROSPORIDIA; INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; VAIRIMORPHA-INVICTAE; SPORE MORPHOTYPES; FUNGAL DISEASES; MULTIPLEX PCR; FORMICIDAE; INFECTION; COLONIES; BUREN AB Thelohania solenopsae is a pathogen of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, which debilitates queens and eventually causes the demise of colonies. Reductions of infected field populations signify its potential usefulness as a biological control agent. Thelohania solenopsae can be transmitted by introducing infected brood into a colony. The social forms of the fire ant, that is, monogyny (single queen per colony) or polygyny (multiple queens per colony), are associated with different behaviors, such as territoriality, that affect the degree of intercolony brood transfer. T. solenopsae was found exclusively in polygyne colonies in Florida. Non-synchronous infections of queens and transovarial transmission favor the persistence and probability of detecting infections in polygynous colonies. However, queens or alates with the monogyne genotype can be infected, and infections in monogyne field colonies have been reported from Louisiana and Argentina. Limited independent colony-founding capability and shorter dispersal of alate queens with the polygyne genotype relative to monogyne alates may facilitate the maintenance of infections in local polygynous populations. Demise of infected monogyne colonies can be twice as fast as in polygyne colonies and favors the pathogen's persistence in polygyne fire ant populations. The social form of the fire ant reflects different physiological and behavioral aspects of the queen and colony that will impact T. solenopsae spread and ultimate usefulness for biological control. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med AGr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Oi, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med AGr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM doi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.04.010 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 065ZF UT WOS:000239198300006 PM 16764885 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Evans, J Feldlaufer, M AF Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay Feldlaufer, Mark TI Horizontal and vertical transmission of viruses in the honeybee, Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebrate-Pathology CY AUG 07-11, 2005 CL Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol HO Univ Alaska DE Apis mellifera; viruses; varroa mite; horizontal transmission; vertical transmission ID KASHMIR-BEE-VIRUS; VARROA-JACOBSONI OUD; DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; QUEEN-CELL VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SACBROOD VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB The most crucial stage in the dynamics of virus infections is the mode of virus transmission. In general, transmission of viruses can occur through two pathways: horizontal and vertical transmission. In horizontal transmission, viruses are transmitted among individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs from mothers to their offspring. Because of its highly organized social structure and crowded population density, the honey bee colony represents a risky environment for the spread of disease infection. Like other plant and animal viruses, bee viruses use different survival strategies, including utilization of both horizontal and vertical routes, to transmit and maintain levels in a host population. In this review, we explore the current knowledge about the honey bee viruses and transmission routes of bee viruses. In addition, different transmission strategies on the persistence and dynamics of host pathogen interactions are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 53 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 7 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 3 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.03.010 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 065ZF UT WOS:000239198300007 PM 16793058 ER PT J AU Lemay, DG Hwang, DH AF Lemay, Danielle G. Hwang, Daniel H. TI Genome-wide identification of peroxisome proliferator response elements using integrated computational genomics SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; target genes; conserved elements; PACM ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; MICROARRAY DATA; BINDING SITES; MOUSE-LIVER; DNA; SEQUENCE; ALPHA; GAMMA AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are currently used therapeutically in humans, even though many of their direct gene targets are unknown. Because PPARs can directly regulate gene expression through peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs), we pursued the computational prediction of PPREs on a genome-wide scale. Contrary to current hypotheses, PPREs are not isotype-specific, nor do flanking nucleotides confer additional information. However, a position weight matrix-based search for PPREs within upstream conserved elements yielded sufficient selectivity for a genome-wide search. Additionally, a novel motif occurring with greater prevalence than PPREs was revealed. Microarray and gene ontology analyses further validated our search technique and provided new functional clusters of genes that were not previously known to be directly regulated by PPARs (e.g., chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling). This first genome-wide library of highconfidence predicted PPAR target genes will be a valuable resource to PPAR biologists. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-064007] NR 21 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1583 EP 1587 DI 10.1194/jlr.M500504-JLR200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 064SW UT WOS:000239110400027 PM 16585784 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Pruett, JH Untalan, PM Chen, AC AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Pruett, John H. Untalan, Pta M. Chen, Andrew C. TI Baculovirus expression of BmAChE3, a cDNA encoding an acetylcholinesterase of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; tick; Acari; Ixodidae; kinetics ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; SUBSTRATE; COUMAPHOS; STRAINS; MUTATIONS; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; CATTLE AB The complete cDNA sequence encoding a Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) acetylcholinesterase (AChE3) was expressed in the baculovirus system. The recombinant AChE3 protein (rBmAChE3) was secreted as a soluble form into the cell culture medium and was identified as a functional AChE by substrate specificity and by inhibition with the AChE-specific inhibitors eserine sulfate and BW284c51. Inhibition kinetics of rBmAChE3, in the presence of the organophosphate paraoxon, revealed sensitivity comparable with that of adult, organophosphate-susceptible neural AChE. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cloning and successful expression of a functional ixodid AChE. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[707:BEOBAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 062ZU UT WOS:000238986400008 PM 16892628 ER PT J AU Li, WB Hartung, JS Levy, L AF Li, WB Hartung, JS Levy, L TI Quantitative real-time PCR for detection and identification of Candidatus Liberibacter species associated with citrus huanglongbing SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE molecular diagnosis; citrus greening; phloem-limited bacterium; HLB ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SAO-PAULO STATE; GREENING DISEASE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; GENOME SEQUENCE; GENE-CLUSTER; 16S RDNA; ORGANISM; BRAZIL; DNA AB Citrus huanglongbing (HLB, ex greening) is one of the most serious diseases of citrus. Different forms of the disease are caused by different Candidatus Liberobacter species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), Cu. L. africanus (Lao and Ca. L. americanus (Lam). The pathogen is transmitted by psyllid insects and by budding with contaminated plant materials. The vector psyllid Diaphorina citri can transmit both Las and Lam. Establishment of this vector into Florida, reports of Lam and Las in Brazil in 2004, and recent confirmation of HLB in Florida in September 2005 is of great concern to the citrus industry. Research on HLB has been hampered by the unculturable nature of the causal bacterium in artificial media. It has also been difficult to detect and identify the pathogens, possibly because of low concentration and uneven distribution in host plants and vector psyllids. In this study, we developed quantitative TaqMan PCR using 16S rDNA-based TaqMan primer-probe sets specific to the different Ca. Liberobaeter spp. An additional primer-probe set based on plant cytochrome oxidase (COX) was used as a positive internal control to assess the quality of the DNA extracts. The assays do not cross-react with other pathogens or endophytes commonly resident in citrus plants, and are very sensitive. HLB pathogen DNA was successfully amplified from the equivalent of 20 ng of midrib tissue from symptomatic leaves. The consistent results of the assays with DNA extracted from plants infected by various Ca. Liberibacter species grown in greenhouses and in the field demonstrated a degree of reproducibility for these TaqMan assays. Inhibitors of the PCR that are frequently present in plant extracts did not affect the assay results. The population of the pathogens was estimated to be 5 X 107 and 2 X 10(6) cells/g of fresh midribs of symptomatic sweet orange leaves infected by Las and Lam, respectively. The ratio of pathogen DNA to host plant DNA was estimated by to be 1: 13,000 (w/w) and 1: 1000 (c/c: target copy/target copy) in DNA extracts obtained by a standard CTAB method. Our rapid, sensitive and specific TaqMan PCR assay for the detection, identification and quantification of Ca. Liberibacter species has been successfully used in the confirmation of HLB caused by Las in Florida, and will be very useful for a broad range of research programs as well as the regulatory response and management of HLB disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Levy, L (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Laurene.Levy@aphis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 244 Z9 264 U1 7 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.10.018 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 056ET UT WOS:000238504900011 PM 16414133 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG Boykin, LM Lapointe, SL Hunter, WB Weathersbee, AA AF Shatters, RG Boykin, LM Lapointe, SL Hunter, WB Weathersbee, AA TI Phylogenetic and structural relationships of the PR5 gene family reveal an ancient multigene family conserved in plants and select animal taxa SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE thaumatin; osmotin; pathogenesis-related protein group 5 (PR5); insect; nematode; plant; phylogeny ID THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEIN; ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; PR-5 PROTEIN; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MEMBRANE-BINDING; SWEET PROTEIN; SWISS-MODEL; OSMOTIN; SEQUENCE AB Pathogenesis-related group 5 (PR5) plant proteins include thaumatin, osmotin, and related proteins, many of which have antimicrobial activity. The recent discovery of PR5-like (PR5-L) sequences in nematodes and insects raises questions about their evolutionary relationships. Using complete plant genome data and discovery of multiple insect PR5-L sequences, phylogenetic comparisons among plants and animals were performed. All PR5/PR5-L protein sequences were mined from genome data of a member of each of two main angiosperm groups-the eudicots (Arabidoposis thaliana) and the monocots (Oryza sativa)-and from the Caenorhabditis nematode (C. elegans and C. briggsase). Insect PR5-L sequences were mined from EST databases and GenBank submissions from four insect orders: Coleoptera (Diaprepes abbreviatus and Biphyllus lunatus), Orthoptera (Schistocerca gregaria), Hymenoptera (Lysiphlebus testaceipes), and Hemiptera (Toxoptera citricida). Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses showed that the PR5 family is paraphyletic in plants, likely arising from 10 genes in a common ancestor to monocots and eudicots. After evolutionary divergence of monocots and eudicots, PR5 genes increased asymmetrically among the 10 clades. Insects and nematodes contain multiple sequences (seven PR5-Ls in nematodes and at least three in some insects) all related to the same plant clade, with nematode and insect sequences separating as two clades. Protein structural homology modeling showed strong similarity among animal and plant PR5/PR5-Ls, with divergence only in surface-exposed loops. Sequence and structural conservation among PR5/PR5-Ls suggests an important and conserved role throughout the evolutionary divergence of the diverse organisms from which they reside. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Shatters, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rshatters@ushrl.ars.usda.gov RI Boykin, Laura/H-8876-2014 OI Boykin, Laura/0000-0002-6101-1921 NR 64 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 63 IS 1 BP 12 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s00239-005-0053-z PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 059CW UT WOS:000238711900002 PM 16736102 ER PT J AU Al-Zailaie, KA Kang, SW Youngren, OM Thayananuphat, A Bakken, T Chaiseha, Y Millam, JR Proudman, JA El Halawani, ME AF Al-Zailaie, KA Kang, SW Youngren, OM Thayananuphat, A Bakken, T Chaiseha, Y Millam, JR Proudman, JA El Halawani, ME TI Identification of dopamine, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-I, and vasoactive intestinal peptide neurones activated by electrical stimulation to the medial preoptic area of the turkey hypothalamus: A potential reproductive neuroendocrine circuit SO JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian hypothalamus; electrical stimulation; c-fos mRNA; GnRH-I; VIP and DA systems; immunocytochemistry; in situ hybridisation; luteinising hormone and prolactin; reproduction ID PIGEON COLUMBA-LIVIA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; PROLACTIN SECRETION; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; TUBERAL HYPOTHALAMUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; COTURNIX-COTURNIX; FEMALE TURKEYS AB The neural and neurochemical substrates regulating reproduction in birds remain vaguely defined. The findings that electrical stimulation in the medial preoptic area (ES/MPOA) or intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine (DA) stimulated luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) release in female turkeys, led to the suggestion that ES/MPOA might help to clarify the DA circuitry regulating LH and PRL. We used c-fos mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity as measured by double in situ hybridisation/immunocytochemistry (ISH/ICC) to determine which group/subgroup of DA neurones was activated following unilateral ES/MPOA. To establish that the reproductive neuroendocrine system was activated, double ISH/ICC was also conducted on c-fos/gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) and c-fos/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Changes in circulating LH and PRL were determined by radioimmunoassay. Unilateral ES/MPOA (100 mu A, right side) of anaesthetised laying turkeys for 30 min increased circulating LH and PRL levels. It also induced c-fos mRNA expression on the ipsilateral side by all GnRH-I neurones within the septopreoptic region, implying that GnRH-I neurones in this region share similar circuitry. VIP neurones within the nucleus infundibularis were the only VIP group to show c-fos mRNA expression, suggesting their involvement in ES/MPOA induced PRL release. c-fos mRNA expression was also observed in a subgroup of DA neurones in the nucleus mamillaris lateralis (ML). To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that activation of DAergic cells in the ML is associated with the activation of GnRH-I and VIP neurones and the release of LH and PRL. It is likely that ES/MPOA activated VIP/GnRH-I neurones via activation of DA neurones in the ML, as this was the only DA subgroup that showed c-fos mRNA expression. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol, Inst Sci, Sch Biol, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP El Halawani, ME (reprint author), 495 AnSci VetMet,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM elhal001@umn.edu NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-8194 J9 J NEUROENDOCRINOL JI J. Neuroendocrinol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 7 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01443.x PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 050CL UT WOS:000238065000005 PM 16774500 ER PT J AU Chatterton, NJ Watts, KA Jensen, KB Harrison, PA Horton, WH AF Chatterton, NJ Watts, KA Jensen, KB Harrison, PA Horton, WH TI Nonstructural carbohydrates in oat forage SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Innovations in Companion Animal Nutrition CY SEP 15-18, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP WALTHAM Ctr Pet Nutrition DE carbohydrate; fructan; forage; equine; laminitis ID EQUINE LAMINITIS; LEAVES; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; PATTERNS; FRUCTAN; MODEL C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chatterton, NJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM njchatt@cc.usu.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 136 IS 7 SU S BP 2111S EP 2113S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 059ST UT WOS:000238753200054 PM 16772513 ER PT J AU Marchand, V Motil, KJ AF Marchand, Valerie Motil, Kathleen J. CA NASPGHAN Comm Nutr TI Nutrition support for neurologically impaired children: A clinical report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE feeding intolerance; developmental delay; oral motor therapy; enteral feeding tube ID PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY; QUADRIPLEGIC CEREBRAL-PALSY; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ORAL SENSORIMOTOR TREATMENT; TRANSPYLORIC FEEDING TUBES; GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; NISSEN FUNDOPLICATION; DISABLED-CHILDREN; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AB Undernutrition, growth failure, overweight, micronutrient deficiencies, and osteopenia are nutritional comorbidities that affect the neurologically impaired child. Monitoring neurologically impaired children for nutritional comorbidities is an integral part of their care. Early involvement by a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, dieticians, occupational and speech therapists, psychologists, and social workers is essential to prevent the adverse outcomes associated with feeding difficulties and poor nutritional status. Careful evaluation and monitoring of severely disabled children for nutritional problems are warranted because of the increased risk of nutrition-related morbidity and mortality. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Marchand, V (reprint author), NASPGHAN, 1501 Bethlehem Pike,POB 6, Flourtown, PA 19031 USA. NR 126 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1097/01.mpg.0000228124.93841.ea PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 062XS UT WOS:000238980800025 PM 16819391 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Xu, CP Bae, H Caperna, TJ Garrett, WM AF Natarajan, Savithiry Xu, Chenping Bae, Hanhong Caperna, Thomas J. Garrett, Wesley M. TI Proteomic analysis of allergen and antinutritional proteins in wild and cultivated soybean seeds SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean; Glycine soja; G. max; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS/MS; conglycinin; glycinin; allergen proteins ID M BD 30K; INHIBITOR GENES; THIOL PROTEASES; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPES; TOBACCO; KUNITZ; PLANTS AB In this study, profiles of allergen and antinutritional proteins both in wild (Glycine spia) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds were compared. We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) for the separation of proteins at two different pH ranges and applied a combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis for the identification of proteins. Although overall distribution patterns of the allergen (Gly m Bd 60K, Gly m Bd 30K, Gly m Bd 28K) and antinutritional proteins (trypsin inhibitors and lectin) appeared similar, there was remarkable variation in the number and intensity of the protein spots between wild and cultivated genotypes. The wild genotype showed fifteen polypeptides of Gly m Bd 60K and three polypeptides of trypsin inhibitors. The cultivated genotypes showed twelve polypeptides of Gly m Bd 60K and two polypeptides of trypsin inhibitors. In contrast, the cultivated genotype showed two polypeptides of Gly m Bd 30K and three polypeptides of lectin and the wild genotype showed two and one polypeptides of Gly m Bd 30K and lectin, respectively. Two polypeptides of Gly m Bd 28K were observed in both genotypes. This is the first study reporting the comparative analysis of allergen and antinutritional proteins in both wild and cultivated soybean genotypes using combined proteomic tools. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM natarajs@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Xu, Chenping/C-7751-2009 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC PLANT BIOCHEM BIOTECH PI NEW DELHI PA DIV BIOCHEM, INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RES INST, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0971-7811 J9 J PLANT BIOCHEM BIOT JI J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 072YC UT WOS:000239708100006 ER PT J AU Shao, J Jomantiene, R Dally, EL Zhao, Y Lee, IM Nuss, DL Davis, RE AF Shao, J. Jomantiene, R. Dally, E. L. Zhao, Y. Lee, I. -M. Nuss, D. L. Davis, R. E. TI Phylogeny and characterization of phytoplasmal NusA and use of the nusA gene in detection of group 16SrI strains SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mollicutes; reductive evolution; yellows disease; phytoplasma; nusA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; ASTER YELLOWS; PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION; CLASSIFICATION; TERMINATION; SEQUENCE; GENOME; RNA AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotes that exist as obligate parasites and pathogens of insect vectors and plants. In their descent from walled ancestors in the Bacillus/Clostridium group, phytoplasmas evolved some of the smallest known bacterial genomes. In this study, we cloned and sequenced nusA transcription factor gene sequences from clover phyllody (CPh) and other phytoplasmas and from Acholeplasma palmae, a non-phytopathogenic wall-less bacterium. The CPh nusA gene was flanked at its 5'-end by a hypothetical protein gene and smpB (small protein B), and at its 3'-end by a hypothetical protein gene that may be coordinately regulated with nusA and infB (translation initiation factor). The predicted 357-aa NusA protein of CPh phytoplasma was significantly smaller than those of Mycoplasma spp. and similar in size to NusA of Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., and A. palmae. A phylogenetic tree based on NusA proteins indicated that phytoplasmal and acholeplasmal. nusA genes diverged from a common ancestor. Amplification and RFLP analysis of nusA gene sequences, and phylogenetic analysis of NusA proteins indicated that use of nusA may assist in detection and differentiation of distinct lineages within group 16SrI, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'-related strains. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 061KI UT WOS:000238870700009 ER PT J AU Deadman, ML Al Sa'di, AM Al Maqbali, YM Al Jahdhami, S Patzelt, A Aime, MC AF Deadman, M. L. Al Sa'di, A. M. Al Maqbali, Y. M. Al Jahdhami, S. Patzelt, A. Aime, M. C. TI First report of the rust Melampsora euphorbiae on Euphorbia heterophylla in Oman SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Deadman, ML (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 34, Al Khoud 123, Oman. EM mikedead@squ.edu.om RI Al-Sadi, Abdullah/D-6766-2012 OI Al-Sadi, Abdullah/0000-0002-3419-8268 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 061KI UT WOS:000238870700022 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Myers, GC AF Zhu, J. Y. Myers, G. C. TI Effect of plantation density on kraft pulp production from red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE WOOD; LODGEPOLE PINE; MATURE WOOD; QUALITY; THINNINGS; STANDS; IMPACT; FIBER; TMP AB Red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.) butt logs from 38 year old research plots were used to study the effect of plantation stand density on kraft pulp production. Results indicate that plantation stand density can affect pulp yield, unrefined pulp mean fibre length, and the response of pulp fibre length to pulp refining. However, the effect of plantation stand density on physical and optical properties of paper was not significant and within the measurement errors of data obtained from testing handsheets. Therefore, we conclude that pulp and paper properties should not be a factor affecting forest management for the plantation density range studied. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, RWU-4710,1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 101XN UT WOS:000241774700011 ER PT J AU Fitzmorris, KB Lima, IM Marshall, WE Reimers, RS AF Fitzmorris, Kari B. Lima, Isabel M. Marshall, Wayne E. Reimers, Robert S. TI Anion and cation removal from solution using activated carbons from municipal sludge and poultry manure SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES AB The removal of potentially toxic metal cations and anions from water is essential to providing safe water for consumption and recreation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of activated carbons made from municipal sludge and poultry manure to remove certain metal cations and anions from solution. Adsorption of the cations cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, nickel and zinc and the anions arsenic and selenium was carried out at pH 5. Lead was the most easily adsorbed cation by all three carbons, and the carbon from poultry cake adsorbed more cations, in general, than the other two carbons. However, arsenic and selenium were adsorbed more readily by the sludge-based carbon than the manure-based carbons. Combinations of both sludge- and poultry manure-based carbons may be efficacious toward the removal of low levels of cations and anions commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. C1 ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Fitzmorris, KB (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM Kfitzmorris@georgiasouthern.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 071OU UT WOS:000239612300005 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Dees, NH AF Dungan, Robert S. Dees, Nikki H. TI Metals in waste foundry sands: Assessment with earthworms SO JOURNAL OF RESIDUALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EISENIA-FOETIDA; APORRECTODEA-CALIGINOSA; SOILS; ZINC; CADMIUM; COPPER; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; GROWTH AB Metal availability data are needed before many states will consider allowing the use of waste foundry sands (WFSs) in manufactured soils and composts. We conducted a 28-day experiment with the earthworm Eisenia fetida and 6 different WFSs to assess the bioavailability of metals in blends containing 10, 30, and 50% WFS. After 28 days, the number of adult earthworms across all treatments and blending ratios was not significantly different from the control, except in blends containing 30% and 50% WFS from a brass foundry. The high earthworm mortality in the brass sand blends correlated well with the high total and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of earthworms from iron, aluminum and steel WFS blends did not exceed those in the control. The Cu and Zn levels in worm tissue from the 10% brass blend were about 10 and 2 times higher than the control, respectively. Based upon our results, the iron, aluminum and steel WFSs tested in this study do not appear to pose a toxicity and metal transfer risk. C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 1148 ELIZABETH AVENUE #2, LANCASTER, PA 17601 USA SN 1544-8053 J9 J RESIDUALS SCI TECH JI J. Residuals Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 071OU UT WOS:000239612300007 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Starks, PJ Steiner, JL AF Garbrecht, J. D. Starks, P. J. Steiner, J. L. TI The under-appreciated climate factor in CEAP SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 110A EP 112A PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000002 ER PT J AU Barrett, JG AF Barrett, James G. TI Positive manure uses SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, CPESC 2, SCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Barrett, JG (reprint author), USDA, CPESC 2, SCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 112A EP 112A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000003 ER PT J AU Johnson, LMF Reicosky, D Allmaras, R Archer, D Wilhelm, W AF Johnson, Lane M-F Reicosky, Don Allmaras, Ray Archer, Dave Wilhelm, Wally TI A matter of balance: Conservation and renewable energy SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE; CROP; CORN C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. ARS, Woil & Water Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Johnson, LMF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 120A EP 125A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000004 ER PT J AU Cruse, R Flanagan, D Frankenberger, J Gelder, B Herzmann, D James, D Krajewski, W Kraszewski, M Laflen, J Opsomer, J Todey, D AF Cruse, R. Flanagan, D. Frankenberger, J. Gelder, B. Herzmann, D. James, D. Krajewski, W. Kraszewski, M. Laflen, J. Opsomer, J. Todey, D. TI Daily estimates of rainfall, water runoff, and soil erosion in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE NRI; radar; WEPP ID WEPP; PROGRAM AB The major water quality impairment in the Midwest United States is sediment eroded from agricultural lands. Yet, few understand where or when erosion occurs, or the dynamics of soil erosion, the relative impact of precipitation, topography, land management and severe events over time and space. The objectives of this project are to: 1) develop methodology for estimating near real time spatial and temporal soil erosion and water runoff losses; and 2) explore issues in applying the method to a large area by setting up and running a prototype system for the state of Iowa. To accomplish this, soil erosion and water runoff loss are estimated daily at the township level (similar to 10 by similar to 10 km area) (similar to 6.2 mi)(2) and a map is posted on the Internet daily showing precipitation with runoff and soil erosion estimates for every Iowa township. We use Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), a daily simulation model, to compute soil erosion and surface runoff. WEPP uses accumulated precipitation by 15-minute periods obtained with NEXRAD radar. Other needed weather data are obtained from an Iowa weather network. The National Resources Inventory provides soil, topography, cropping and management information required for running WEPP. Daily and annual spatial precipitation, runoff and erosion estimates illustrate a high level of spatial variability related to topography, precipitation characteristics, soils and management practices. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, USDA, Buffalo Ctr, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. RP Cruse, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000007 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, MS Bryant, RB Callahan, MP Weld, JL AF Srinivasan, M. S. Bryant, R. B. Callahan, M. P. Weld, J. L. TI Manure management and nutrient loss under winter conditions: A literature review SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Review ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SURFACE-ENERGY; SPREAD MANURE; FROZEN SOILS; CORN YIELDS; TRANSPORT; WATER; INFILTRATION AB Excessive losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields have detrimental impacts on environmental quality. Nutrient management guidelines, such as the P Index, are designed to minimize the risk of nutrient loss with minimal disruption to the whole farm operation. Restricting winter spreading of manure, which is common to most management guidelines developed for cold climates, is a contentious issue in the northern-tier states of the United States and almost all provinces of Canada. Producers have strong opinions with regard to the merits of winter spreading and arguments against the alternative practice of manure storage. The purpose of this paper is to review the results of scientific studies relevant to the issue of winter spreading of manure, and identify needs for additional research in this area. Collectively, these studies illustrate the complexity of N and P dynamics in response to a wide spectrum of winter conditions. They do shed some light on the potential for nutrient loss following manure application during winter with respect to cropping system effects on runoff, manure mulching effects, manure properties, and differences due to manure placement relative to a snow pack and timing of application. However, process-level understanding of nutrient loss following manure application during winter is still lacking, and critical variables that control hydrologic and transport processes under winter conditions are not fully identified or understood. Extensive watershed-scale observations in combination with plot and field scale experiments that focus on specific processes should yield sufficient knowledge and data to develop empirical models, a useful first step in developing more detailed understanding of nutrient losses associated with manure spreading under winter conditions. C1 AgResearch Ltd, Mosgiel, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. DelVAl Soil & Water Consultants Inc, Doylestown, PA USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Pottsville, PA USA. RP Srinivasan, MS (reprint author), AgResearch Ltd, Mosgiel, New Zealand. RI Baulch, Helen/I-9529-2012 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 200 EP 209 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000008 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Williams, JD Gollany, HT AF Wuest, S. B. Williams, J. D. Gollany, H. T. TI Tillage and perennial grass effects on ponded infiltration for seven semi-arid loess soils SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE aggregates; infiltration; no-tillage; organic carbon; perennial grass ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; STABILITY; RATES AB To test the benefits of no-till, we measured steady-state ponded water infiltration on a Pacific Northwest geo-climo sequence of seven semi-arid soils where no-till, conventional till, and perennial grass fields were in close proximity. Average infiltration was 30 percent greater under no-till and grass compared to conventional tillage, although variability among sites and years was high. This indicates that these practices can reduce the potential for runoff and erosion when measured over many sites, but might not at a particular site. Infiltration correlated positively with sand content (r = 0.75), negatively with silt (r = -0.78), but was not correlated with water stable aggregates because texture had a dominant effect. The number of years since tillage was positively correlated with infiltration, particulate organic matter, permanganate oxidizable C (active C) and organic C (r = 0.58, 0.70, 0.50, and 0.57 respectively). Among soil properties, organic C was positively correlated with active C, particulate organic matter, water stable aggregates, and silt (r = 0.92, 0.63, 0.38, and 0.41, respectively). Despite high variability and the need for numerous subsamples, measurement of infiltration was an effective test for documenting benefits of no-till. Additional research with correlated indicators appears warranted, but researchers should be cautious in assuming their relationship to infiltration. C1 Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4 BP 218 EP 223 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 129KI UT WOS:000243728000010 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Nutrigenetics, plasma lipids, and cardiovascular risk SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID LOW-FAT DIETS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS; GENETIC-VARIATION; CHOLESTEROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; POLYMORPHISMS; NUTRIGENOMICS; TRIGLYCERIDE; HEALTH AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The evidence supports that gene-environment interactions modulate plasma lipid concentrations and potentially CVD risk. Several genes (eg, apolipoprotein A-I and A-IV, apolipoprotein E, and hepatic lipase) are providing proof-of-concept for the application of genetics in the context of personalized nutrition for CVD prevention. The spectrum of candidate genes has been expanding to incorporate those involved in intracellular lipid metabolism and especially those transcription factors (ie, peroxisome proliferator activator receptors) that act as sensors of nutrients in the cell (eg, polyunsaturated fatty acids) to trigger metabolic responses through activation of specific sets of genes. However, current knowledge is still very limited and so is the potential benefit of its application to clinical practice. Thinking needs to evolve from simple scenarios (eg, one single dietary component, a single nucleotide polymorphism and risk factor) to more realistic situations involving multiple interactions. One of the first situations where personalized nutrition is likely to be beneficial is in patients with dyslipidemia who require special intervention with dietary treatment. This process could be more efficient if the recommendations were carried out based on genetic and molecular knowledge. Moreover, adherence to dietary advice may increase when it is supported with information based on nutritional genomics, and a patient believes the advice is personalized. However, a number of important changes in the provision of health care are needed to achieve the potential benefits associated with this concept, including a teamwork approach with greater integration among physicians, food and nutrition professionals, and genetic counselors. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 52 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 106 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.016 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 058XE UT WOS:000238697100017 PM 16815124 ER PT J AU Nickols-Richardson, SM Beiseigel, JM Gwazdauskas, FC AF Nickols-Richardson, SM Beiseigel, JM Gwazdauskas, FC TI Eating restraint is negatively associated with biomarkers of bone turnover but not measurements of bone mineral density in young women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE DIETARY RESTRAINT; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIFE-STYLE; INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; SALIVARY CORTISOL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEMORAL-NECK AB Relationships among bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, cortisol, calcium and vitamin D intakes, and cognitive eating restraint score were examined. Sixty-five healthy women, ages 18 to 25 years, had total body, spine, hip, and forearm BMD measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), and salivary cortisol were measured, and intakes of calcium and vitamin D were estimated from questionnaires. Cognitive eating restraint scores were determined from the Eating Inventory. Associations between measures were analyzed by Pearson correlations; predictors of BMD and bone turnover markers were tested using stepwise regression. Serum osteocalcin (P< 0.01) and urinary NTx (P<0.05) were negatively related to cognitive eating restraint score. Intakes of calcium (P<0.05) and vitamin D (P<0.05) were associated with forearm BMD. Regression analyses indicated that vitamin D intake predicted total body (P<0.08) and forearm (P<0.01) BMD. Negative associations between cognitive eating restraint score and bone biomarkers suggest a reduction in bone remodeling, not reflected in current BMD. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Nickols-Richardson, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, 225 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM snrichar@vt.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 106 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.018 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 058XE UT WOS:000238697100019 PM 16815126 ER PT J AU Mckay, DL Houser, RF Blumberg, JB Goldberg, JP AF Mckay, DL Houser, RF Blumberg, JB Goldberg, JP TI Nutrition information sources vary with education level in a population of older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DIETARY GUIDELINES; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; READERS; NEWS; MAGAZINES; CONSUMERS; AWARENESS AB Education level, more than any other socioeconomic factor, can predict disease risk, health behavior patterns, and diet quality. It has been suggested that one reason higher education promotes more healthful diets is that better-educated people may get better nutrition information. We present data from a survey examining specific sources of nutrition information among an older adult population (age >50 years, n=176), and compare the difference in sources associated with extent of education. Reliance on doctors, television, and neighbors was significantly higher among those with less education (P<0.05). Our results also show that less-educated older adults rely more upon different specific sources for their nutrition information than those who have attained a higher level of education. Strategies to improve and/or ensure the quality of the specific nutrition information sources this vulnerable group relies on may be needed. C1 Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mckay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Diane.McKay@Tufts.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 106 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1111 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.021 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 058XE UT WOS:000238697100021 PM 16815128 ER PT J AU Brown, EM Stauffer, DM Cooke, P Maffia, GJ AF Brown, Eleanor M. Stauffer, Donna M. Cooke, Peter Maffia, Gennaro J. TI The effect of ultrasound on bovine hide collagen structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 24, 2005 CL Sky Top, PA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID POWER ULTRASOUND; I COLLAGEN; MICROFIBRIL; TEXTILES; FIBRILS AB Applications of ultrasound in leather processing have been researched for more than 50 years. Although these studies showed that ultrasound could have beneficial effects on hide preparation, tanning and finishing processes, the costs associated with the development of a new technology outweighed the benefits. Ultrasound is now a mature science, used to improve the efficiency of processes for the manufacture of a variety of materials. It may well offer a path toward the use of fewer (less) chemicals in the production of quality leather. However, the effects of ultrasound on the structure and function of biomacromolecules, specifically protein complexes, have not been extensively studied. This research examines the chemical, physical and mechanical effects of ultrasonic treatment on bovine hide collagen. Scanning electron micrographs show that low frequency, high power ultrasound (20 kHz) appears to unravel the 50 - 100 nm fibrils, seen in ball-milled collagen, into smaller diameter fibrils. Although these smaller fibrils are more susceptible to attack by collagenase, the individual collagen molecules remain intact as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. Soluble and insoluble collagen and hide powder are also being examined to develop a broader picture of potential effects of ultrasound in leather manufacturing. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ebrown@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 101 IS 7 BP 274 EP 283 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 065JL UT WOS:000239156000005 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Jones, K Foglia, TA AF Ngo, Helen L. Jones, Kerby Foglia, Thomas A. TI Metathesis of unsaturated fatty acids: Synthesis of long-chain unsaturated-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dicarboxylic acids; erucic acid; Grubbs catalyst; metathesis; oleic acid; ricinoleic acid ID CANDIDA-TROPICALIS; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; METHYL-ESTERS; POLYESTERS; POLYMERS; MUTANT AB The self-metathesis of readily available monounsaturated FA has the potential of being an important pathway for the synthesis of symmetrical long-chain unsaturated-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids (C-19-C-26). Previous studies on the self-metathesis of monounsaturated FA esters using ruthenium catalysts in solution, however, suffered from low conversions as a result of the thermodynamic control of the reaction. We have found that the second-generation Grubbs catalyst can effectively catalyze the solvent-free self-metathesis of monounsaturated FA of varying purity (from 90 to 99%) to afford two important products-monounsaturated dicarboxylic acids and hydrocarbons-in very high molar conversions (> 80%). This solvent-free self-metathesis reaction also works for monounsaturated FA containing additional functional groups. Reactions were conducted at catalyst loadings as low as 0.005 mol%, and turnover numbers as high as 10,800 could be obtained. This discovery represents an attractive approach to the large-scale production of useful monounsaturated-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic-acids and long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons by means of this solvent-free ruthenium-catalyzed self-metathesis of readily available monounsaturated FA. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Cooprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Cooprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tfoglia@arserre.gov NR 18 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 83 IS 7 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1249-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 065TR UT WOS:000239183200008 ER PT J AU Strik, BC Hummer, KE AF Strik, Bernadine C. Hummer, Kim E. TI 'Ananasnaya' hardy kiwifruit SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDIA-ARGUTA; FRUIT SIZE; YIELD; BLOOM C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 077BB UT WOS:000240001600001 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Miller, SS Yoder, KS AF Brown, M. W. Miller, Stephen S. Yoder, Keith S. TI Stink bug (Pentatomidae) feeding preferences among apple cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Thirty-one apple cultivars were evaluated for stink bug feeding injury at harvest in 2003 and 2004. Injury levels of 0 to 28% were found with significant differences among cultivars. There was a significant positive correlation of injury between years, indicating a temporal repeatability of estimates. 'Imperial Gala', 'Lawspur Rome', 'Red Fuji', and 'Nittany' had consistently low levels of stink bug injury, whereas 'Braeburn', 'Jonica', 'Jonagold', 'Starkspur Dixiered', 'Granny Smith' and 'Stayman' had consistently high stink bug injury levels. These results show that differences exist in cultivar susceptibility to stink bug feeding on mid- to late-season apples. Cultivars with consistently low levels of injury could be used to reduce losses due to stink bugs in areas where they have been a problem. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Ext Ctr, UA-22602 Winchester, Ukraine. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 144 EP 148 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 077BB UT WOS:000240001600005 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Reilly, CC AF Beckman, T. G. Reilly, C. C. TI Relative susceptibility of ornamental peach cultivars to fungal gummosis (Botryosphaeria dothidea). SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NECTARINE; INFECTION AB Peach fungal gummosis, incited by Botryosphaeria dolhidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. & De Not., is an unsightly disease of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that depresses growth and can cause significant dieback and even tree death on susceptible peach cultivars. Little is known about the relative susceptibility of ornamental peach cultivars utilized in the United States landscape industry. Peach prunings inoculated with B. dothidea and placed on trellis wires served as an inoculum source which was delivered to the test subjects planted below via intermittent misting during March through June of the first year. Disease severity was evaluated at the end of the second growing season after visible symptoms developed. The 13 ornamental genotypes tested separated into four distinct classes with 'White Glory', 'Jerseypink' and PI091459 ('Red Weeping') in the most susceptible, and 'Helen Borchers' and 'McDonald' in the most resistant classes. Trunk cross-sectional area at the end of the second growing season and relative growth rate during the second growing season were negatively correlated with gummosis severity. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 077BB UT WOS:000240001600006 ER PT J AU Davis, TM DiMeglio, LM Yang, RH Styan, SMN Lewers, KS AF Davis, Thomas M. DiMeglio, Laura M. Yang, Ronghui Styan, Sarah M. N. Lewers, Kim S. TI Assessment of SSR marker transfer from the cultivated strawberry to diploid strawberry species: Functionality, linkage group assignment, and use in diversity analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria; microsatellite; simple sequence repeat ID FRAGARIA-VESCA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MAP; INHERITANCE; L. AB The cultivated strawberry, Fragaria xananassa Duchesne ex Rozier, originated via hybridization between octoploids F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. and F. virginiana Mill. These three octoploid species are thought to share a putative genome composition of AAA'A'BBB'B'. Diploid E vesca L., is considered to have donated the A genome. Current attention to the development of a diploid model system for strawberry genomics warrants the assessment of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker transferability between the octoploid and diploid species in Fragaria L. In the present study, 23 SSR primer pairs derived from E xananassa 'Earliglow' by genomic library screening were evaluated for their utility in six diploid Fragaria species, including eight representatives of F. vesca, four of F. viridis Weston, and one each of E nubicola (Hook. f.) Lindl. ex Lacaita, F. mandshurica Staudt, F. iinumae Makino, and F. nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex J. Gay. SSR primer pair functionality, as measured by amplification success rate (= 100% - failure rate) in each species, was ranked (from highest to lowest) as follows: E vesca (98.4%) > F. iinumae (93.8%) = F. nubicold (93.8%) > F. mandshurica (87.5%) > F. nilgerrensis (75%) > F. viridis (73.4%). The extent to which these octoploid-derived SSR primer pairs generated markers that could be added to the F. vesca linkage map also was assessed. Of the 13 F. xananassa SSR markers that segregated codominantly in the E vesca mapping population, 11 were assigned to linkage groups based upon close linkages to previously mapped loci. These markers were distributed over six of the seven F. vesca linkage groups, and can serve as anchor loci defining these six groups for purposes of comparative mapping between F. vesca and F. xananassa. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, 104 Rudman Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tom.davis@unh.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 4 BP 506 EP 512 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 065TQ UT WOS:000239183100010 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD Lester, GE AF Whitaker, Bruce D. Lester, Gene E. TI Cloning of phospholipase D alpha and lipoxygenase genes CmPLDa1 and CmLOX1 and their expression in fruit, floral, and vegetative tissues of 'Honey Brew' hybrid honeydew melon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; muskmelon; fruit ripening and senescence; gene expression; lipid metabolism ID SENESCING CARNATION FLOWERS; NETTED MUSKMELON FRUIT; TOMATO FRUIT; MICROSOMAL-MEMBRANES; POSTHARVEST STORAGE; HYPODERMAL-MESOCARP; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ACYL-GROUPS; SENESCENCE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AB Increases in phospholipase D [PLD (EC 3.1.4.4)] and lipoxygenase [LOX (EC 1.13.11.12)] activities are thought to play a critical role in senescence of mesocarp tissues in netted and normetted muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits. We have cloned and characterized two full-length cDNAs, CmPLD alpha 1 and CmLOX1, encoding PLD alpha and LOX proteins in honeydew melon (C. melo Inodorus Group cv. Honey Brew). Relative levels of expression of the corresponding genes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in developing and mature fruit mesocarp tissues [20-60 d after pollination (DAP)], as well as in roots, leaves, and stems from 4-week-old and flowers from 6- to 7-week-old plants. The coding regions of CITIPLD alpha 1 and CmLOX1 cDNAs are, respectively, 2427 and 2634 nucleotides long, encoding proteins 808 and 877 amino acids in length. CmPLD alpha 1 is very similar to PLD alpha genes from castor bean (Ricinis communis L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (77% nucleotide identity), and is the first PLD gene cloned from a cucurbit species. CmLOX1 has 94% nucleotide identity to a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) LOX gene expressed in roots and 80% identity to cucumber cotyledon lipid body LOX. In general, transcript of CmPLD alpha 1 was much more abundant than that of CmLOX1, but relative levels of transcript in the various organs and tissues were similar for the two genes. Expression was highest in roots, flowers, and fruit mesocarp tissues. CmPLD alpha 1 expression in fruit was essentially constitutive throughout development, although maximum levels occurred at 50 and 55 DAP, respectively, in middle and hypodermal mesocarp. CmLOX1 expression was generally higher in middle than in hypodermal mesocarp with maximum transcript levels occurring at 55 and 50 DAP, respectively. Overall, the patterns of expression of CmPLD alpha 1 and CmLOX1 are consistent with a model in which their encoded enzymes act in tandem to promote or accelerate senescence in fruit mesocarp tissues. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whitakeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 4 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 065TQ UT WOS:000239183100015 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Wisniewski, ME Artlip, TS Norelli, JL Renaut, J Farrell, RE AF Bassett, Carole L. Wisniewski, Michael E. Artlip, Timothy S. Norelli, John L. Renaut, Jenny Farrell, Robert E., Jr. TI Global analysis of genes regulated by low temperature and photoperiod in peach bark SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; short day photoperiod; night break; suppression subtractive hybridization; gene regulation; gene expression ID CORTICAL PARENCHYMA CELLS; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; BETULA-PUBESCENS EHRH.; HIGH-SALINITY STRESSES; HUMAN-TUMOR PROTEIN; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; 2 DEHYDRIN GENES; PERSICA L BATSCH; COLD-ACCLIMATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE AB In response to environmental cues plants undergo changes in gene expression that result in the up- or down-regulation of specific genes. To identify genes in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees whose transcript levels are specifically affected by low temperature (LT) or short day photoperiod (SD), we have created suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries from bark tissues sampled from trees kept at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C under short day (SD) photoperiod or exposed to a night break (NB) interruption during the dark period of the SD cycle to simulate a long day (LD) photoperiod. Sequences expressed in forward and reverse subtractions using various subtracted combinations of temperature and photoperiod treatments were cloned, sequenced, and identified by BLAST and ClustalW analysis. Low temperature treatment resulted in the up-regulation of a number of cold-responsive and stress-related genes and suppression of genes involved in "housekeeping" functions (e.g., cell division and photosynthesis). Some stress-related genes not observed to be up-regulated under LT were increased in response to SD photoperiod treatments. Comparison of the patterns of expression as a consequence of different temperature and photoperiod treatments allowed us to determine the qualitative contribution of each treatment to the regulation of specific genes. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. CREBS, Ctr Rech Publ Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, GD, Luxembourg. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cbassett@afrs.ars.usda.gov RI renaut, jenny/K-3216-2012 OI renaut, jenny/0000-0002-0450-3866 NR 62 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 4 BP 551 EP 563 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 065TQ UT WOS:000239183100016 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, JK Landolt, PJ Zack, R AF MacKenzie, John K. Landolt, Peter J. Zack, Richards. TI Attraction to ornamental peony (Paeonia lactiflora, Paeoniaceae) by Polistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) demonstrated using olfactometers SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Vespidae; paper wasp; peony; attraction; flower; behavior ID SOCIAL WASPS HYMENOPTERA; EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES; SYMPATRIC PAPER WASPS; HEPTYL BUTYRATE; ACETIC-ACID; FEEDING ATTRACTANTS; COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY; MICHIGAN; CONVOLVULACEAE; ISOBUTANOL AB Observations were made of Polistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) on budding Paeonia lactiflora plants (Paeoniaceac). Y-tube and parallel tube ollactometer experiments were performed on field-collected queens and workers to determine if peony odor is attractive to P. dominulus. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, the wasps showed a significant orientation response toward peony bud odor but they did not show a significant response toward peony foliage odor, when compared to the control. Peony bud volatiles were collected in an adsorbent trap and tested in a parallel tube olfactometer for attractiveness to P. dominulus females. The wasp took significantly less time to travel upwind in the peony bud volatile tube compared to the control tube. Chemicals that produce peony bud odor could serve as a feeding attractant lure for trapping P. dominulus. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP MacKenzie, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM landolt@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.2317/601.23.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 074SF UT WOS:000239831400003 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Griswold, TL Rust, RW Hellier, BC Stout, DM AF Clement, Stephen L. Griswold, Terry L. Rust, Richard W. Hellier, Barbara C. Stout, David M. TI Bee associates of flowering Astragalus and Onobrychis genebank accessions at a Snake River site in eastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Apoidea; Hymenoptera; forage legumes; bee survey; pollination; seed regeneration; genebank practices; Washington ID POLLINATORS; EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY; DENSITY AB A 3 yr survey of the bee associates of flowering accessions of Astragalus and Onobrychis species was conducted in open-pollinated field nurseries at Central Ferry, Washington to gain insight into the potential for bee-mediated inter-accession out-crossing in these nurseries. Such nurseries are used by genebank managers at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS), Pullman, Washington, to multiply seed of accessions low in viability and/or supply. Fifty-two species of bees (Hymenoptera) in the Andrenidae (4 species), Apidae (18), Colletidae (1), Halictidae (5), and Megachilidae (24) were recorded. Species-rich genera were Bombus (8 species) and Osmia (16). One undescribed species of Osmia was collected. The bee fauna was more diverse on Astragalus (45 bee species) compared to Onobrychis (29 species). Among the 24 Astragalus and 13 Onobrychis species censused, bee diversity was highest on A. bungeanus Boiss. (24 bee species), A. chaborasicus Boiss. & Hausskn. (24 species), A. miser var. serotinus (A. Gray ex J.G. Cooper) Barney (14 species), A. cicer L. (13 species), A. schistosus Boiss. & Hohen. (12 species), A. onobrychis L. (11 species), A. podolobus Boiss. & Hohen. (11 species), and Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (10 species). The presence of a rich bee fauna in WRPIS nurseries at Central Ferry, including documented pollinators of the allogamous species A. cicer and O. viciifolia, could complicate efforts to prevent hybridization and maintain genetic integrity of genebank accessions of allogamous plant species. Our results support a 1993 decision by WRPIS curators to discontinue the practice of clustering accessions of single species of Astragalus and Onobrychis in open-pollinated nurseries to regenerate seed. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 79 IS 3 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.2317/0505.02.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 074SF UT WOS:000239831400006 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S Kwansa, AL AF Luthria, Devanand L. Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Kwansa, Albert L. TI A systematic approach for extraction of phenolic compounds using parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes as a model substrate SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Petroselinum crispum; parsley; sample preparation; total phenolics; extraction solvent; extraction cycles; stirring; shaking; vortex mixing; pressurized liquid extraction; sonication; high-performance liquid chromatography; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Folin-Ciocalteu ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; SAMPLE PREPARATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FRESH HERBS; FLAVONOIDS; POLYPHENOLS; ACIDS; GLYCOSIDE; APPLE; MS AB The impact of extraction methodology and polarity of extraction solvents on the assay of phenolic compounds was investigated using parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes as a model substrate. This systematic study was undertaken to address substantial variations in the extraction procedures, solvents and conditions as described in the recent literature. Five different extraction procedures [shaking, vortex mixing, sonication, stirring and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)] and three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone), with five different solvent to water ratios per solvent, were used for extraction. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic content by high-performance liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu assays. The yields of phenolic compounds extracted with a pressurized liquid extractor were comparable to or better than those of four classical extraction procedures. Optimum extraction efficiency with PLE was obtained when extractions were performed with four extraction cycles using ethanol-water (50:50, v/v). The amount of apiin (4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-apiosylglucoside) and malonylapiin (apigenin malonylapiosylglucoside) isolated from parsley varied with the composition of extraction solvent. Apiin extractability was found to be a maximum when the solvent (ethanol, methanol or acetone) to water ratio was 30:70 (v/v), whereas higher amounts of malonylapiin were isolated with a reverse solvent to water ratio (70:30, v/v). Malonylapiin was not detected when parsley samples were extracted with organic solvent to water ratios of 10:90 (v/v) and 30:70 (v/v). C1 USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1350 EP 1358 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2521 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 061JL UT WOS:000238867900010 ER PT J AU Sipes, SD Tepedino, VJ AF Sipes, S. D. Tepedino, V. J. TI "Perfection" subverted? A contrivance for outcrossing in a rare orchid is influenced by pollinator abundance SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bombus; breeding system; geitonogamy; Orchidaceae; pollination; Spiranthes ID SELF-FERTILIZATION; SPIRANTHES-DILUVIALIS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PLANTS; DICHOGAMY; INFLORESCENCES; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; GEITONOGAMY; ANGIOSPERMS AB The combination of protandrous flowers and acropetal inflorescence development in bee-pollinated species is thought to maximize cross-pollination because bees visit vertical inflorescences from the bottom up. However, incomplete protandry may allow bees to carry out geitonogamous pollinations. We examined the overlap in male and female phases in the rare orchid Spiranthes diluvialis, a plant with the above combination of characteristics. We found that unvisited male phase flowers proceed to a hermaphroditic phase, not a female phase, because each flower's single pollinarium remains viable and may be removed by pollinators throughout anthesis. Pollinator visitation rates, as estimated by pollinaria removal rates, varied among five populations in Utah and Colorado, USA. More hermaphroditic phase flowers accrued on inflorescences in populations with low visitation rates than in those with higher visitation rates. We conclude that the cross-pollination mechanism of S. diluvialis requires some minimum threshold of bee visits in order to work optimally. When bees are plentiful, male and female functions remain temporally separated and cross-pollination is maximized. III contrast, the potential for geitonogamy in this self-compatible species is much higher in Populations with low visitation rates. We Suggest that pollinator abundance may affect the mating system of other protandrous, acropetal, bee-pollinated plants if protandry depends upon the timely removal of long-lived pollen. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sipes, SD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM ssipes@plant.siu.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[412:PSACFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 118QS UT WOS:000242957400004 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Dix, RL Griesbach, RJ AF Pooler, Margaret R. Dix, Ruth L. Griesbach, Robert J. TI Genetic diversity among accessions of the endangered box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycera) based on AFLP markers SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; amplified fragment length polymorphism; conservation genetics; endangered plant; Gaylussacia brachycera; genetic variation ID DNA; SOLANACEAE; ERICACEAE; CONSERVATION; WILD; L. AB The box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycera) is a slow-growing, dwarf evergreen groundcover that is native to eight states in the Eastern United States. It is a rare plant with conservation status of rare to critically imperiled. Genetic relationships among 24 accessions of G. brachycera were determined using 66 polymorphic AFLP markets from 8 primer pairs. Accessions collected in western Virginia were the most distantly related to the other accessions, while accessions from Kentucky were the most variable. The information gained from this study will be useful to guide decisions regarding conservation, preservation, breeding, and re-introduction of this species. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM margaret.pooler@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 133 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[439:GDAAOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 118QS UT WOS:000242957400007 ER PT J AU Mortenson, JA Abrams, A Rosenthal, BM Dunams, D Hoberg, EP Bildfel, RJ Green, RL AF Mortenson, Jack A. Abrams, Arthur Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Dunams, Detiger Hoberg, Eric P. Bildfel, Robert J. Green, Richard L. TI Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in Columbian black-tailed deer from Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Columbian black-tailed deer; COX-II; ITS-2; muscle worm; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei ID HAIR-LOSS SYNDROME; 1ST-STAGE LARVAE; DALLS SHEEP; H-HEMIONUS; MULE DEER; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; NEMATODA; ECOLOGY; HOST; ELAPHOSTRONGYLINAE AB Documenting the occurrence of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has historically relied on the morphological examination of adult worms collected from the skeletal muscle of definitive hosts, including deer. Recent advances in the knowledge of protostrongylid genetic sequences now permit larvae to be identified. Dorsal-spined larvae (DSLs) collected in 2003-2004 from the lung and feces of six Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from Oregon were characterized genetically. The sequences from unknown DSLs were compared to those from morphologically validated adults and larvae of P. odocoilei at both the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene. We provide the first unequivocal identification of P. odocoilei in Columbian black-tailed deer from Oregon. The broader geographic distribution, prevalence, and pathology of P. odocoilei are not known in populations of Oregon deer. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Salem, OR 97301 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E 1180, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E 1180, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Mortenson, JA (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, 530 Ctr St NE,Suite 335, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM jack.a.mortenson@usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 527 EP 535 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300006 PM 17092883 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Pasnik, DJ Klesius, PH Al-Ablani, S AF Evans, Joyce J. Pasnik, David J. Klesius, Phillip H. Al-Ablani, Salam TI First report of Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactococcus garvieae from a wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacteriology; bottlenose dolphin; Lactococcus spp Streptococcus spp.; Tursiops spp ID NONHEMOLYTIC GROUP-B; FUNDULUS-GRANDIS BAIRD; CELL PROTEIN-PATTERNS; SP-NOV; HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; INIA-GEOFFRENSIS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; SEALS; DIFFERENTIATION AB The isolation and characterization of two bacterial species, Streptococcus agalactiae and Lactococcus garvieae, previously unreported in wild marine mammals are described from a freshly dead bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, from Kuwait Bay, Kuwait, in September 2001. Conventional and rapid identification systems were used to determine that isolates from muscle and kidney were S. agalactiae and L. garvieae, respectively. The isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, nonhemolytic cocci. The S. agalactiae was serotyped to group antigen B, whereas the L. garvieae could not be assigned to any serogroup. These Kuwait isolates displayed considerable homogeneity with corresponding American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type isolates. Although the dolphin S. agalactiae isolate was nonhemolytic, it was biochemically similar to S. agalactiae isolated from mullet sampled in the concurrent Kuwait Bay fish kill. Some biochemical heterogeneity was observed between the dolphin isolates and corresponding mammalian ATCC type isolates, especially with Voges Proskauer, alanine-phenylanaline-proline arylamidase, and alpha-galactosidase tests. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, experimentally infected with the dolphin S. agalactiae and L. garvieae isolates experienced 90% and 0% mortalities, respectively. This is the first isolation of S. agalactiae and L. garvieae from a wild marine mammal, and the microbial characteristics established here provide pertinent information for the future isolation of these bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Mariculture & Fisheries Dept, Safat 13109, Kuwait. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM dpasnik@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 38 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 561 EP 569 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300010 PM 17092887 ER PT J AU Grimmett, SG Warg, JV Getchell, RG Johnson, DJ Bowser, PR AF Grimmett, Stephanie G. Warg, Janet V. Getchell, Rodman G. Johnson, Donna J. Bowser, Paul R. TI An unusual Koi herpesvirus associated with a mortality event of common carp Cyprinus carpio in New York State, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE carp; common carp; Cyprinus carpio; herpesvirus; koi ID GILL NECROSIS; DISEASE; VIRUS; FISH; TISSUES AB Koi herpesvirus (KHV), a highly contagious and lethal virus that affects both koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was isolated in 1998 from two outbreaks of koi suffering mass mortality in New York State, USA, and in Israel. The disease had been described as early as 1996 in Europe. In July 2004, this virus was found associated with a mass mortality event in wild common carp in the Chadakoin River Ne,,v York, USA (42 degrees 07'N, 79 degrees W). Affected fish typically showed marked hyperplasia of gill tissues, abdominal adhesions, and severe multifocal to diffuse external hemorrhages. The virus isolated in this outbreak was somewhat unusual in that it initially replicated well in fathead minnow cell cultures, which is typical of spring viremia of carp virus. Testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa, USA, confirmed the virus's identity to be KHV. Koi herpesvirus is not currently on the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) list of notifiable diseases; however, it is capable of causing mass mortality in susceptible fish at permissive temperatures. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bowser, PR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM prb4@cornell.edu OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 658 EP 662 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 108WQ UT WOS:000242270300021 PM 17092898 ER PT J AU Dickson, BG Prather, JW Xu, YG Hampton, HM Aumack, EN Sisk, TD AF Dickson, Brett G. Prather, John W. Xu, Yaguang Hampton, Haydee M. Aumack, Ethan N. Sisk, Thomas D. TI Mapping the probability of large fire occurrence in northern Arizona, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire risk; lightning; ponderosa pine; topographic roughness; weights of evidence; wildland fire ID UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; WILDFIRE; MANAGEMENT; MOUNTAINS; REGIMES; ROADS; RESTORATION AB In the southwestern U.S., wildland fire frequency and area burned have steadily increased in recent decades, a pattern attributable to multiple ignition sources. To examine contributing landscape factors and patterns related to the occurrence of large (>= 20 ha in extent) fires in the forested region of northern Arizona, we assembled a database of lightning- and human-caused fires for the period 1 April to 30 September, 1986-2000. At the landscape scale, we used a weights-of-evidence approach to model and map the probability of occurrence based on all fire types (n = 203), and lightning-caused fires alone (n = 136). In total, large fires burned 101,571 ha on our study area. Fires due to lightning were more frequent and extensive than those caused by humans, although human-caused fires burned large areas during the period of our analysis. For all fires, probability of occurrence was greatest in areas of high topographic roughness and lower road density. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated forest vegetation and mean annual precipitation were less important predictors. Our modeling results indicate that seasonal large fire events are a consequence of non-random patterns of occurrence, and that patterns generated by these events may affect the regional fire regime more extensively than previously thought. Identifying the factors that influence large fires will improve our ability to target resource protection efforts and manage fire risk at the landscape scale. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Dickson, BG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dickson@cnr.colostate.edu NR 61 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-5475-x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 083ZE UT WOS:000240500100010 ER PT J AU Brooks, JJ Wallace, GN Williams, DR AF Brooks, Jeffrey J. Wallace, George N. Williams, Daniel R. TI Place as relationship partner: An alternative metaphor for understanding the quality of visitor experience in a backcountry setting SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE behavior; emergent experience; identity; place meanings; relationship to place; satisfaction ID HERMENEUTIC APPROACH; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; CONSUMER RESEARCH; ATTACHMENT; RECREATION; WILDERNESS; IDENTITY; SENSE; PSYCHOLOGY; TRADITIONS AB This article presents empirical evidence to address how some visitors build relationships with a wildland place over time. Insights are drawn from qualitative interviews of recreation visitors to the backcountry at Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado. The article describes relationship to place as the active construction and accumulation of place meanings. The analysis is organized around three themes that describe how people develop relationships to place: time and experience accrued in place, social and physical interactions in and with the setting, and an active reflective process of regulating sense of identity to affirm commitment to place. C1 USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brooks, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 72 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 331 EP 349 DI 10.1080/01490400600745852 PG 19 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 057SV UT WOS:000238616400002 ER PT J AU Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Schroeder, SB Hallford, DM Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Schroeder, SB Hallford, DM Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI The influence of melatonin on growth of E-coli O157 : H7 in pure culture and exogenous melatonin on faecal shedding of E-coli O157 : H7 in experimentally infected wethers SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; melatonin; wethers ID PORCINE GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; DAIRY-CATTLE; PHOTOPERIOD; SALMONELLA; SYSTEM; SERUM; VERTEBRATES; BINDING; TISSUES; SIGNAL AB Aims: To determine if exogenous melatonin (MEL) influences growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pure culture and if MEL affects faecal shedding patterns of E. coli O157:H7 or total leucocyte counts in sheep. Methods and Results: Two strains of E. coli O157:H7 were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of MEL. Maximal specific growth rates of E.coli O157:H7 strains were not affected by MEL addition in pure culture. Wethers (n = 16) received either 0 (CONT) or 25 mg MEL hd(-1) day(-1) for 21 days. Daily shedding patterns of E. coli O157:H7 were not different (P > 0.10) between groups with faecal populations of E. coli O157:H7 decreasing daily (P < 0.01) in both groups. However, shedding tended to differ between the control and treated group by the end of the experiment. Total WBC and differential leucocyte counts were not affected by treatment. Conclusions: Melatonin had no affect on specific growth rates in pure culture nor did the administration of exogenous MEL alter bacterial shedding patterns or immune response indicators in experimentally infected wethers exposed to a long photoperiod. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although MEL did not affect shedding patterns or gastrointestinal populations of E. coli O157:H7, the tendency for MEL-treated sheep to shed less E. coli O157:H7 towards the end of the experiment warrants further research. Providing MEL for a longer period of time, or at greater concentrations, may elucidate a potential role that MEL plays in the seasonal shedding patterns of E. coli O157:H7 in livestock. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Purina Fed LLC, Land O Lakes, St Louis, MO USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01909.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 055IJ UT WOS:000238443200016 PM 16834729 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA AF Moreau, Robert A. TI The analysis of lipids via HPLC with a charged aerosol detector SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; EXTRACTION; CORN; OIL AB Because most lipid extracts are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated molecules, the most successful strategies for the quantitative analysis of lipids have involved the use of so-called "mass" or universal detectors such as flame ionization detectors and evaporative light scattering detectors. Recently a new type of HPLC "mass" detector, a charged aerosol detector (CAD), was developed and is now commercially available. This detection method involves nebulizing the HPLC column effluent, evaporating the solvents, charging the aerosol particles, and measuring the current from the charged aerosol flux. In the present study, the CAD was evaluated with several normal phase and reverse phase HPLC methods commonly used for the quantitative analysis of lipid classes and lipid molecular species. The CAD detected common lipids such as triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols. Lower molecular weight lipids such as free FA had smaller peak areas (50-80% lower). FAME were not detected by the CAD, probably because they were completely evaporated and did not form aerosol particles. The minimum limits of detection of the CAD with lipids varied with different mobile phase solvents. Using solvent systems that were predominantly hexane, the minimum limits of detection of triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free sterols were about I ng per injection and the mass-to-peak area ratio was nearly linear from the range of about I ng to about 20 mg per injection. Three other solvents commonly used for HPLC lipid analysis (methanol, isopropanol, and acetonitrile) caused higher levels of background noise and higher minimum limits of detection. These experiments indicate that the CAD has the potential to become a valuable tool for the quantitative HPLC analysis of lipids. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate full instrument performance. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmoreau@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 15 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1007/s11745-006-5024-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 092BF UT WOS:000241071300012 PM 17069357 ER PT J AU Zhao, SH Kuhar, D Lunney, JK Dawson, H Guidry, C Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Recknor, J Nettleton, D Tuggle, CK AF Zhao, Shu-Hong Kuhar, Daniel Lunney, Joan K. Dawson, Harry Guidry, Catherine Uthe, Jolita J. Bearson, Shawn M. D. Recknor, Justin Nettleton, Dan Tuggle, Christopher K. TI Gene expression profiling in Salmonella Choleraesuis-infected porcine lung using a long oligonucleotide microarray SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACTINOBACILLUS-PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; MYCOPLASMA-HYOPNEUMONIAE; TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; RESPONSES; SWINE; PIGS; INTERFERON; APOPTOSIS AB Understanding the transcriptional response to pathogenic bacterial infection within food animals is of fundamental and applied interest. To determine the transcriptional response to Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (SC) infection, a 13,297-oligonucleotide swine array was used to analyze RNA from control, 24-h postinoculation (hpi), and 48-hpi porcine lung tissue from pigs infected with SC. In total, 57 genes showed differential expression (p < 0.001; false discovery rate = 12%). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of 61 genes was used to confirm the microarray results and to identify pathways responding to infection. Of the 33 genes identified by microarray analysis as differentially expressed, 23 were confirmed by qRT-PCR results. A novel finding was that two transglutaminase family genes (TGM1 and TGM3) showed dramatic increases in expression postinoculation; combined with several other apoptotic genes, they indicated the induction of apoptotic pathways during SC infection. A predominant T helper 1-type immune response occurred during infection, with interferon gamma (IFNG) significantly increased at 48 hpi. Genes induced by IFNs (GBP1, GBP2, C1S, C1R, MHC2TA, PSMB8, TAP1, TAP2) showed increased expression during porcine lung infection. These data represent the first thorough investigation of gene regulation pathways that control an important porcine respiratory and foodborne bacterial infection. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Anim Genet & Breeding, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s00335-005-0155-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 065NW UT WOS:000239167600009 PM 16845603 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MF Gahr, SA Rexroad, CE Palti, Y AF Rodriguez, M. F. Gahr, S. A. Rexroad, C. E., III Palti, Y. TI A polymerase chain reaction screening method for rapid detection of microsatellites in bacterial artificial chromosomes SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosomes; genetic markers; genome mapping; isolation; microsatellites; polymerase chain reaction ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BAC LIBRARY; MARKERS; DUPLICATION; CLONES; CONSTRUCTION; REGIONS; MAP AB Standard protocols aimed at identifying subclones of interest from bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) include the use of hybridization methods that are time consuming and often require the use of radioactive isotopes. Through our efforts to identify microsatellites in BACs from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) we have developed a non-radioactive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening technique to select microsatellites containing subclones for marker development. Two BACs were subeloned and screened by PCR using a vector-specific primer and a mix of microsatellite repeat primers. The subclones were then sequenced to evaluate the efficiency of the PCR screening method. Correlation between positive PCR amplification and presence of microsatellites varied between the two BACs (21.9% and 71.4%), but still a sufficient number of subclones were identified to enable design and optimization of microsatellite markers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rodriguez, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ypalti@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s10126-005-5064-7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 072ES UT WOS:000239656600002 PM 16729215 ER PT J AU Diers, JA Bowling, JJ Duke, SO Wahyuono, S Kelly, M Hamann, MT AF Diers, Jeffrey A. Bowling, John J. Duke, Stephen O. Wahyuono, Subagus Kelly, Michelle Hamann, Mark T. TI Zebra mussel antifouling activity of the marine natural product aaptamine and analogs SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aaptamine; alkaloid; antifouling; biofouling; marine natural product; zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SPONGE; CYTOTOXICITY; ALKALOIDS AB Several aaptamine derivatives were selected as potential zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) antifoulants because of the noteworthy absence of fouling observed on Aaptos sponges. Sponges of the genus Aaptos collected in Manado, Indonesia consistently produce aaptamine-type alkaloids. To date, aaptamine and its derivatives have not been carefully evaluated for their antifoulant properties. Structure-activity relationship studies were conducted using several aaptamine derivatives in a zebra mussel antifouling assay. From these data, three analogs have shown significant antifouling activity against zebra mussel attachment. Aaptamine, isoaaptamine, and the demethylated aaptamine compounds used in the zebra mussel assay produced EC50 values of 24.2, 11.6, and 18.6 mu M, respectively. In addition, neither aaptamine nor isoaaptamine produced a phytotoxic response (as high as 300 mu M) toward a nontarget organism, Lemna pausicostata, in a 7-day exposure. The use of these aaptamine derivatives from Aaptos sp. as potential environmentally benign antifouling alternatives to metal-based paints and preservatives is significant, not only as a possible control of fouling organisms, but also to highlight the ecological importance of these and similar biochemical defenses. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, NPURU, USDA, ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. Gadjah Mada Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Biol, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. NIWA Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Hamann, MT (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mthamann@olemiss.edu RI Hamann, Mark/E-9251-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI036596] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s10126-005-6055-4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 072ES UT WOS:000239656600005 PM 16718618 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD Baker, JL Mahoney, NE AF Palumbo, Jeffrey D. Baker, James L. Mahoney, Noreen E. TI Isolation of bacterial antagonists of Aspergillus flavus from almonds SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; BIOCOMPETITIVE AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; FIELD APPLICATION; AFLASTATIN-A; BIOCONTROL; STRAIN; PARASITICUS AB Bacteria were isolated from California almond orchard samples to evaluate their potential antifungal activity against aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus. Fungal populations from the same samples were examined to determine the incidence of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species. Antagonistic activities of the isolated bacterial strains were screened against a nonaflatoxigenic nor mutant of A. flavus, which accumulates the pigmented aflatoxin precursor norsolorinic acid (NOR) under conditions conducive to aflatoxin production. Using solid and liquid media in coculture assays, 171 bacteria isolated from almond flowers, immature nut fruits, and mature nut fruits showed inhibition of A. flavus growth and/or inhibition of NOR accumulation. Bacterial isolates were further characterized for production of extracellular enzymes capable of hydrolyzing chitin or yeast cell walls. Molecular and physiological identification of the bacterial strains indicated that the predominant genera isolated were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia, as well as several plant-associated enteric and nonenteric bacteria. A set of 20 isolates was selected for further study based on their species identification, antifungal phenotypes, and extracellular enzyme production. Quantitative assays using these isolates in liquid coculture with a wild-type, aflatoxin-producing A. flavus strain showed that a number of strains completely inhibited fungal growth in three different media. These results indicate the potential for development of bacterial antagonists as biological control agents against aflatoxigenic aspergilli on almonds. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Palumbo, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM palumbo@pw.usda.gov NR 42 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9096-y PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 074NI UT WOS:000239818700006 PM 16767519 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Evans, RP Crawford, M Cardall, BL Janecke, SU Miller, MP AF Mock, KE Evans, RP Crawford, M Cardall, BL Janecke, SU Miller, MP TI Rangewide molecular structuring in the Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE AFLP; Bonneville Basin; Catostomus ardens; Chasmistes liorus; June sucker; Utah sucker ID CENTRAL WASATCH MOUNTAINS; CYTOCHROME-B SEQUENCES; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; BONNEVILLE BASIN; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LEATHERSIDE CHUB AB The Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens) is endemic to the Bonneville Basin and the upper Snake River drainage in western North America, and is thought to hybridize with the federally endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus mictus) in Utah Lake (Bonneville Basin). Here we describe the discovery of a major subdivision in Utah suckers (4.5% mitochondrial sequence divergence) between the ancient Snake River drainage and the Bonneville Basin. This boundary has not previously been recognized in Utah suckers based on morphologic variation, but has been recently described in two endemic cyprinids in the region. Populations in valleys east of the Wasatch Mountains in Utah clustered with the Snake River populations, suggesting that these valleys may have had an ancient hydrologic connection to the Snake River. We also found evidence of population isolation within the Bonneville Basin, corresponding to two Pleistocene sub-basins of the ancient Lake Bonneville. In contrast, we found no molecular evidence for deep divergence between Utah suckers and June suckers in Utah Lake or for a history of hybridization between divergent lineages in that population, although we recognize that demographic events may have obscured this signal. These findings suggest that the morphological differences between Utah and June suckers in Utah Lake may be the result of strong, and relatively recent, ecological selection. In summary, morphological and molecular characters seem to vary along different axes in different portions of the range of this taxon, providing an interesting system for studying the contributions of neutral and adaptive variation to species diversity. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mock, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.mock@usu.edu RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011; Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 NR 106 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2223 EP 2238 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02932.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 051EM UT WOS:000238143900016 PM 16780436 ER PT J AU Lai, CWJ Yu, QY Hou, SB Skelton, RL Jones, MR Lewis, KLT Murray, J Eustice, M Guan, PZ Agbayani, R Moore, PH Ming, R Presting, GG AF Lai, Chun Wan J. Yu, Qingyi Hou, Shaobin Skelton, Rachel L. Jones, Meghan R. Lewis, Kanako L. T. Murray, Jan Eustice, Moriah Guan, Peizhu Agbayani, Ricelle Moore, Paul H. Ming, Ray Presting, Gernot G. TI Analysis of papaya BAC end sequences reveals first insights into the organization of a fruit tree genome SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome; Carica papaya; comparative genomics; microsatellite; genome mapping ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POSITIONAL CLONING; RICE GENOME; LIBRARY; CONSTRUCTION; CHROMOSOME; EVOLUTION; GENE; RECOMBINATION AB Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a major tree fruit crop of tropical and subtropical regions with an estimated genome size of 372 Mbp. We present the analysis of 4.7% of the papaya genome based on BAC end sequences (BESs) representing 17 million high-quality bases. Microsatellites discovered in 5,452 BESs and flanking primer sequences are available to papaya breeding programs at http://www.genomics.hawaii.edu/papaya/BES. Sixteen percent of BESs contain plant repeat elements, the vast majority (83.3%) of which are class I retrotransposons. Several novel papaya-specific repeats were identified. Approximately 19.1% of the BESs have homology to Arabidopsis cDNA. Increasing numbers of completely sequenced plant genomes and BES projects enable novel approaches to comparative plant genomics. Paired BESs of Carica, Arabidopsis, Populus, Brassica and Lycopersicon were mapped onto the completed genomes of Arabidopsis and Populus. In general the level of microsynteny was highest between closely related organisms. However, papaya revealed a higher degree of apparent synteny with the more distantly related poplar than with the more closely related Arabidopsis. This, as well as significant colinearity observed between peach and poplar genome sequences, support recent observations of frequent genome rearrangements in the Arabidopsis lineage and suggest that the poplar genome sequence may be more useful for elucidating the papaya and other rosid genomes. These insights will play a critical role in selecting species and sequencing strategies that will optimally represent crop genomes in sequence databases. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Genom Proteom & Bioinformat Res Initiat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Presting, GG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 East West Rd,Agr Sci Bldg Room 218, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM gernot@hawaii.edu OI Hou, Shaobin/0000-0003-3467-8242 NR 41 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 276 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00438-006-0122-z PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 056KK UT WOS:000238521500001 PM 16703363 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Imai, M Sakai, A Suzuki, M Nagaoka, K Sakai, S Lee, SR Chang, KT Echternkamp, SE Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Imai, M Sakai, A Suzuki, M Nagaoka, K Sakai, S Lee, SR Chang, KT Echternkamp, SE Christenson, RK TI Regulation of conceptus adhesion by endometrial CXC chemokines during the implantation period in sheep SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE CXC chemokines; CXCL9; CXCL10; CXCL11; adhesion; trophoblast; ovine ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX PROTEINS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERFERON-TAU; IFN-GAMMA; EMBRYONIC REGULATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; UP-REGULATION; I-TAC AB To gain a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms of conceptus adhesion to the maternal endometrium in ruminant ungulates, the present study was performed to clarify roles of chemokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the regulation of ovine blastocyst attachment to the endometrium. In addition to the chemokine, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10, CXCL10), the chemokine receptor, CXCR3, also recognizes two other chemokines; monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG, CXCL9) and IFN-inducible T cell a chemoattractant (I-TAC, CXCL11). Similar to CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 were expressed in the uterus during the peri-implantation period, and CXCL9 mRNA expression was stimulated in endometrial explants from day 14 cyclic ewes by the addition of IFN-tau or IFN-gamma. Without ECM components, conceptus cell adhesion was low on day 14 of gestation and exhibited a 2.5-fold increase on day 17; adhesiveness on day 20 was 1/10 of that on day 14. Among various ECM components examined, trophoblast adhesion was greatest when fibronectin was used. Although day 14 conceptuses did not show much adhesive activity to fibronectin, day 17 trophoblast, and day 20 chorionic membrane exhibited 2.3-fold and 50-fold increase, respectively, which was enhanced by treatment with CXCL9 or CXCL10. These results indicate that through endometrial fibronectin and chemokines, ovine conceptus cells gain the ability to attach to the endometrium during pre-implantation period; however, elucidation of molecular mechanisms by which the conceptus acquires the adhesive ability during this time period awaits further investigation. C1 Univ Tokyo, Lab Anim Breeding, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon, South Korea. USDA ARS, Reprod Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Lab Anim Breeding, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM akaz@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Nagaoka, Kentaro/C-2019-2013; OI Nagaoka, Kentaro/0000-0003-1038-1380; Lee, Sang-Rae/0000-0001-8400-5973 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 BP 850 EP 858 DI 10.1002/mrd.20496 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 048JP UT WOS:000237943700006 PM 16596627 ER PT J AU Rincones, J Mazotti, GD Griffith, GW Pomela, A Figueira, A Leal, GA Queiroz, MV Pereira, JF Azevedo, RA Pereira, GAG Meinhardt, LW AF Rincones, Johana Mazotti, Gabriel D. Griffith, Gareth W. Pomela, Alan Figueira, Antonio Leal, Gildemberg A. Queiroz, Marisa V. Pereira, Jorge F. Azevedo, Ricardo A. Pereira, Goncalo A. G. Meinhardt, Lyndel W. TI Genetic variability and chromosome-length polymorphisms of the witches' broom pathogen Crinipellis perniciosa from various plant hosts in South America SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electrophoretic karyotype; intraspecific genetic variability; microsatellite primers; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Theobroma cacao ID KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENT; DISEASE; COCOA; INHERITANCE; ELEMENT; BIOLOGY; MARKERS; BRAZIL AB Crinipellis perniciosa has been classified into at least four known biotypes associated with members of unrelated plant families. In this study, genetic variability is shown for 27 C (Cacao), 4 S (Solarium), and 7 L biotype (Liana) isolates of C. perniciosa collected from different regions of Brazil and South America. The objective was to investigate the genetic variability of the pathogen in the cacao-producing region of Bahia, Brazil, and elsewhere, through microsatellite analysis, and attempt to identify possible correlations between host specificity and electrophoretic karyotypes. The PCR-banding patterns were found to vary both within and between the different biotypes, and a correlation was established between the PCR-banding patterns and the chromosomal-banding patterns of each isolate. Microsatellite and chromosomal patterns among all of the L and S biotype isolates were distinctly different from the C biotypes analysed. A higher degree of genetic and chromosomal variability was found among C biotype isolates from the Amazon in comparison with C biotype isolates from Bahia, which seems to be comprised of only two main genotypes. This finding has important implications to the current cacao-breeding programme in Brazil. (c) 2006 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Genom & Expressao, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, Dyfed, Wales. Almirante Ctr Estudos Cacau, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Microbiol, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pereira, GAG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Genom & Expressao, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM goncalo@unicamp.br RI Pereira, Goncalo /B-7944-2012; Figueira, Antonio/D-5556-2011; Azevedo, Ricardo/F-8863-2011; griffith, gareth/A-1970-2009; Rincones, Johana/I-6337-2013; Leal Junior, Gildemberg/O-9659-2015 OI Figueira, Antonio/0000-0001-8641-2556; Azevedo, Ricardo/0000-0001-7316-125X; Leal Junior, Gildemberg/0000-0001-7412-0855 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 110 BP 821 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.05.002 PN 7 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 081ON UT WOS:000240327000008 PM 16876701 ER PT J AU Koch, RL Venette, RC Hutchison, WD AF Koch, Robert L. Venette, Robert C. Hutchison, William D. TI Invasions by Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) in the Western Hemisphere: Implications for South America SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological control; invasive species; exotic species; climate matching; non-target impact ID LADY BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTICOLORED ASIAN LADYBIRD; WOOLLY ADELGID HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SWEET CORN; MARITIME PROVINCES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; APHID PREDATORS; PEST-MANAGEMENT AB The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), native to Asia, has recently been detected in South America after successfully invading North America and Europe. This coccinellid is a voracious predator; therefore, it is popular and effective in biological control. Unfortunately, H. axyridis also has associated adverse impacts (i.e., as a household pest, pest of fruit production, and threat to non-target organisms). To predict the potential geographic extent of impacts of H axyridis in South America we review the history of its invasion in the Western Hemisphere and address various factors critical to the future invasion (i.e., arrival, establishment, and spread) of new areas of South America. The likelihood of continued introductions (i.e., arrival) of H. axyridis to South America seems high, due to its popularity as a biological control agent and through accidental introductions. Establishment also seems likely in broad regions of South America. Climate matching with the native range suggested that much of southern South America may be suitable for establishment. In contrast, habitat matching with the native range suggested that northern South America may be more suitable. In addition, prey availability should not limit establishment of this predator. Once established, H. axyridis seems likely to spread by flight and human-assisted means. Overall, the invasion of H. axyridis over broad areas in South America seems likely. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koch, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 117 TC 72 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 31 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA CAIXA POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X EI 1678-8052 J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 421 EP 434 DI 10.1590/S1519-566X2006000400001 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085KD UT WOS:000240602100001 PM 17061788 ER PT J AU de Rivera, C Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Mendelson, JR AF de Rivera, C Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Mendelson, JR TI The effects of antioxidants in the senescent auditory cortex SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE aging; auditory cortex; antioxidants; temporal processing speed; frequency modulated sweeps; blueberries ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; RAT INFERIOR COLLICULUS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL TOPOGRAPHY; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; HEARING-LOSS AB We investigated whether a 2-month dietary supplementation of antioxidants, in the form of blueberry phytochemicals, could reverse or retard the age-related decline in temporal processing speed observed in the aged rat. To this end, extracellular single unit responses to frequency modulated (FM) sweeps were recorded in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of aged rats that had been placed on either a blueberry-supplemented or control diet 2 months prior to the physiological recordings. Results showed that most cells recorded from the blueberry-fed rats responded most vigorously to fast FM sweeps, similar to that observed in young rats. In contrast, the majority of cells recorded from the control rats showed a preference for slow FM sweep rates. These results suggest that age-related changes in temporal processing speed in A I may be reversed by dietary supplementation of blueberry phytochemicals. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Speech Language Pathol, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mendelson, JR (reprint author), Univ Ctr, Toronto Rehabil Inst, 550 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada. EM mendelson.julie@torontorehab.on.ca FU NIA NIH HHS [AG007728, AG04418] NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1035 EP 1044 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.003 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 049JP UT WOS:000238012700014 PM 15950320 ER PT J AU Gardiner, ES Yeiser, JL AF Gardiner, Emile S. Yeiser, Jimmie L. TI Underplanting cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings on a bottomland site in the southern United States SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE competition; lateral roots; Lonicera japonica; partial cutting; regeneration ID NORTHERN RED OAK; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; CENTRAL ONTARIO; L. SEEDLINGS; SHELTERWOOD; REGENERATION; COMPETITION; OVERSTORY; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB We initiated a study on a bottomland site in the southern United States to examine the effects of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunberg) control and seedlings of two root classes on survival and growth of underplanted cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings. Three honeysuckle control treatments were assigned to nine 0.5-ha plots in a stand harvested to 30% residual stocking. Treatments included a spring 1997 herbicide application (Escort((R)), metsulfuron-methyl), a similar application in the late summer of 1997, and a control (no herbicide application). In 1998, half of each treatment plot was planted with seedlings having four or more first-order lateral roots > 1 mm in diameter, while the other half of each plot received seedlings with fewer than four lateral roots. Four years after treatment, the early season application reduced honeysuckle biomass 60% relative to the other treatments, but we did not observe a survival or growth response by underplanted seedlings. Three years after establishment, seedlings that initially had four or more lateral roots were 16% taller and 18% larger in root-collar diameter than seedlings in the other class, but these differences were primarily due to initial size differences maintained through the study period. Over all treatments, oak seedlings averaged 87% survival while showing a 300% increase in height and a 170% increase in root-collar diameter 3 years after planting. Our results suggest that partial stand harvesting followed by underplanting may be a viable approach for establishing cherrybark oak reproduction on bottomland sites of the southern United States. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM egardiner@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s11056-005-4168-2 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 060CU UT WOS:000238780200008 ER PT J AU Riche, M Pfeiffer, TJ AF Riche, Marty Pfeiffer, Timothy J. TI Evaluation of a sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate product for reducing total ammonia nitrogen in a small-scale rotifer batch culture system SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS; MASS-CULTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATION-GROWTH; RAISING ROTIFERS; MULLER ROTIFERA; ROTUNDIFORMIS; TEMPERATURE; STARVATION AB The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) produced as metabolic waste in rotifer batch culture systems can reach toxic concentrations as un-ionized ammonia (UIA). Sodium hydroxy methanesulfonate has been used to neutralize TAN in hauling and shipping containers for fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate product to neutralize ammonia in a rotifer batch culture system. Rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis were stocked at an initial concentration of 80 individuals/mL and were batch-cultured without water exchange for 7 d. We evaluated response variables that included TAN concentration, rotifer production, egg count, and egg : female ratio. Mean maximum TAN was 3.3 mg/L (0.08 mg UIA per liter of water) and 9.5 mg/L (0.84 mg/L UIA) for treated and control groups, respectively. Significant differences were detected in TAN, rotifer density, egg count, and egg : female ratio beginning on day 3 (P < 0.05). Beginning on day 2, mean rotifer density declined exponentially in the control group (y - 293.4 (.) e(-0.249x); R-2 = 0.98) but remained constant in the treated group. Correlation coefficients indicated that TAN explained 72% of the population decrease. We conclude that the use of a sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate product as an ammonia neutralizer is effective in decreasing TAN and UIA in a small-scale rotifer batch culture system. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Riche, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM mriche@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1577/A05-063.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 068DB UT WOS:000239351200001 ER PT J AU Pearson, PR Green, BW AF Pearson, Philip R. Green, Bartholomew W. TI A device to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen and temperature at user-selected depths and locations in culture ponds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature at two depths in the water column were needed for a 2004 field study conducted during actual harvests of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and for a small-scale research study conducted in 2005. In the on-farm field stud,, we collected data in grading nets loaded with high densities of channel catfish. The small-scale study was conducted in 0.1-acre channel catfish research ponds. Commercially available dissolved oxygen and temperature monitoring units did not meet study requirements, so we developed a free-floating data collection unit composed of state-of-the-art sensors, a data logger, and readily available materials. The data collection units proved to be durable under conditions existing in both loaded grading nets and in small research ponds. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Pearson, PR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, 1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM ppearson@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1577/A05-085.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 068DB UT WOS:000239351200011 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA AF Bowman, Shanthy A. TI A comparison of the socioeconomic characteristics, dietary practices, and health status of women food shoppers with different food price attitudes SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE women; food price; attitudes; dietary practices; low income; overweight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ENERGY DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; COSTS; RISK; CONSUMPTION; COMMUNITIES; VEGETABLES; FRUITS AB A person's attitude toward food price could influence food purchase decisions and, consequently, impact diet quality. The aim of the study was to compare soicoeconomic, dietary, and health status of women food shoppers who considered food price very important (n = 1322) with those of women who did not consider food price very important (n = 1272). These women planned and prepared their household meals. Data from US Department of Agriculture's Diet and Health Knowledge Survey, 1994 to 1996, and Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, 1994 to 1996, were used. The socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intakes, fat reduction practices, and health status were estimated. A priori, pairwise mean comparisons, at alpha =.05 level of significance, were made. Food price was very important to 46.8% of women. More African-American and Hispanic women food shoppers were likely to consider food price very important when buying food. The women who considered food price very important were more likely to live in low-income, food-insecure households; receive food stamps; have low education; rent and not own homes; and be employed as service workers. They consumed 17 kJ less energy. Yet, the energy density of their diet was 11 kJ/kg more than that of the other group. They ate a low amount of relatively high-price foods like nonstarchy vegetables and drank more sweetened fruit dribs that are an inexpensive source of energy. A low percentage of them adopted dietary fat reduction strategies and read food labels. They are more likely to be overweight and have health conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes than the others. Dietitians working with low-income food shoppers should address cost-effective ways to buy seasonally available fruits and vegetables and promote dietary fat reduction strategies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowman, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bowmans@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.06.012 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084AF UT WOS:000240503100002 ER PT J AU Pureswaran, DS Sullivan, BT Ayres, MP AF Pureswaran, DS Sullivan, BT Ayres, MP TI Fitness consequences of pheromone production and host selection strategies in a tree-killing bark beetle (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE southern pine beetle; cooperation; timing of arrival; stabilising selection; attack synchrony ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATING PHEROMONES; COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; SOCIAL EVOLUTION; BODY-SIZE; ECOLOGY; COOPERATION AB Timing of arrival at a resource often determines an individual's reproductive success. Tree-killing bark beetles can reproduce in healthy trees by attacking in adequate numbers to overcome host defences that could otherwise be lethal. This process is mediated by aggregation and antiaggregation pheromones. Beetles that arrive early in such a "mass attack" must contend with undiminished tree defences, and produce enough pheromones to attract more beetles, but have a head start on gallery construction and egg-laying. Beetles that arrive late may be impeded by competition and diminishing availability of phloem, but should experience fewer costs associated with pheromone production and battling tree defences. We investigated relationships between timing of arrival, body size, pheromone production and fitness in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis. In field experiments, we captured beetles that arrived early (pioneers) and late on slash pine trees, Pinus elliottii, and measured pheromone amounts in their hindguts. We marked gallery entrances of beetles as they landed on a tree and measured their reproductive success after the attack terminated. We found no difference in body size or pheromone amounts between early and late arrivers. Most beetles arrived at the middle of the attack sequence, and excavated longer galleries per day than early arrivers. The number of offspring produced per day by beetles that established galleries midway through mass attack was higher than those that arrived early or very late in the sequence. Our results suggest that beetles do not exhibit adaptive phenotypic plasticity in pre-landing pheromone production, depending on the extent of previous colonisation of a host. Rather, it appears that stabilising selection favours beetles that attack in the middle of the sequence, and contributes to attack synchrony. Synchronous attack on trees is essential before population booms characteristic of tree-killing bark beetles can occur in nature. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Pureswaran, DS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM deepa_pureswaran@alumni.sfu.ca NR 57 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2006 VL 148 IS 4 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0400-9 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056OG UT WOS:000238533400019 PM 16609873 ER PT J AU Allen, JA Krauss, KW AF Allen, JA Krauss, KW TI Influence of propagule flotation longevity and light availability on establishment of introduced mangrove species in Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; REEF FISHES; DISPERSAL; GROWTH AB Although no mangrove species are native to the Hawaiian Archipelago, both Rhizopbora mangle and Bruguiera sexangula were introduced and have become naturalized. Rhizophora mangle has spread to almost every major Hawaiian island, but B. sexangula has established only on O'ahu, where it was intentionally introduced. To examine the possibility that differences in propagule characteristics maintain these patterns of distribution, we first reviewed the literature on surface currents around the Hawaiian Islands, which suggest that propagules ought to disperse frequently from one island to another within 60 days. We then tested the ability of propagules of the two species to float for periods of up to 63 days and to establish under two light intensities. On average, R. mangle propagules floated for longer periods than those of R. sexangula, but at least some propagules of both species floated for a full 60 days and then rooted and grew for 4 months under relatively dense shade. A large percentage (similar to 83%) of R. mangle propagules would be expected to float beyond 60 days, and approximately 10% of B. sexangula propagules also would have remained afloat. Therefore, it seems likely that factors other than flotation ability are responsible for the failure of B. sexangula to become established on other Hawaiian islands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1353/psc.2006.0015 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 059UG UT WOS:000238757100004 ER PT J AU Chimner, RA Fry, B Kaneshiro, MY Cormier, N AF Chimner, RA Fry, B Kaneshiro, MY Cormier, N TI Current extent and historical expansion of introduced mangroves on O'ahu, Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOPHORA; FORESTS AB In Hawai'i, mangrove trees are introduced species that can rapidly colonize many nearshore environments. Mangroves have been introduced on O'ahu, and Rhizophora mangle in particular has created numerous problems that have led to several mangrove removals and increased interest in long-term management of mangroves. The objective of this project was to quantify current locations of mangroves and their historical rate of expansion on O'ahu. We used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map mangroves from digitized air photographs from six time periods: 1951-1953, 1963-1965, 1978, 1982, 1991, and 2001. We found that mangroves are still expanding at a rapid rate on O'ahu 80 yr after their introduction. Mangroves have colonized many different landforms, including tidal flats, riverbanks, fishponds, canals, protected reefs, embayments, lagoons, and other protected areas. Currently, mangroves are widely distributed and occur on all coasts except the dry leeward coast and occupy a total of 147 ha. Roughly 70% (102 ha) of all mangroves occur in Pearl Harbor. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Hawaii, HIP, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Chimner, RA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM rchimner@mtu.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1353/psc.2006.0013 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 059UG UT WOS:000238757100005 ER PT J AU Brown, WC Norimine, J Goff, WL Suarez, CE Mcelwain, TF AF Brown, WC Norimine, J Goff, WL Suarez, CE Mcelwain, TF TI Prospects for recombinant vaccines against Babesia bovis and related parasites SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Babesia divergens; babesiosis; cattle; vaccine antigens ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; HELPER T-CELL; MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; SPHERICAL-BODY PROTEIN; CULTURE-DERIVED EXOANTIGENS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Babesial parasites infect cattle in tropical and temperate regions of the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Discovery of protective antigens that could be used in a killed vaccine has been slow and to date there are few promising vaccine candidates for cattle Babesia. This review describes mechanisms of protective innate and adaptive immune responses to babesial parasites and different strategies to identify potentially protective protein antigens of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens. Successful parasites often cause persistent infection, and this paper also discusses how B. bovis evades and regulates the immune response to promote survival of parasite and host. Development of successful non-living recombinant vaccines will depend on increased understanding of protective immune mechanisms and availability of parasite genomes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wbrown@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 120 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 28 IS 7 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00849.x PG 13 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 057EW UT WOS:000238580100006 PM 16842268 ER PT J AU Crowell, R Ferris, AM Wood, RJ Joyce, P Slivka, H AF Crowell, R Ferris, AM Wood, RJ Joyce, P Slivka, H TI Comparative effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin and hemoglobin concentrations in identifying iron deficiency in a group of low-income, preschool-aged children: Practical implications of recent illness SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anemia; iron deficiency; zinc protoporphyrin; preschool-aged child ID SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; ANEMIC INFANTS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; CHILDHOOD ANEMIA; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; BLOOD LEAD; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; MILD AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess the influence of recent infection on screening tests for iron depletion (zinc protoporphyrin and hemoglobin) among low-income, preschool-aged children. METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted at community sites and ambulatory care clinics in Hartford, Connecticut, and included 180 preschool-aged children. Iron depletion was defined as serum ferritin levels of <= 15 mu g/L. Recent illness was defined by parent or guardian ( caretaker) report or evidence of elevated C-reactive protein concentrations. History of anemia was determined through medical records review. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin were calculated overall and for children with and without recent illness. RESULTS. At enrollment, more than one half of the children had a recent illness, and 57.5% had a history of anemia. More than one third had iron depletion. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher among recently ill children. Secondary to recent illness, the positive predictive value of elevated zinc protoporphyrin, but not low hemoglobin, was reduced significantly. Zinc protoporphyrin levels of > 69 mu mol/mol heme identified significantly more iron-deficient children. CONCLUSIONS. Compared with anemia, elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels identified significantly more iron-deficient children. Recently ill children were one half as likely to have low serum ferritin levels, compared with children without recent illness. The negative effect of recent illness on the positive predictive value of zinc protoporphyrin when ferritin is used to determine iron status has many practical implications. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Crowell, R (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Unit 4017,3624 Horsebarn Rd Extens, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM rebecca.crowell@hotmail.com NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0156 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 059II UT WOS:000238726100027 PM 16818569 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Calderon, MJ Rice, PJ Cornejo, J AF Koskinen, William C. Calderon, Maria Jesus Rice, Pamela J. Cornejo, Juan TI Sorption-desorption of flucarbazone and propoxycarbazone and their benzenesulfonamide and triazolinone metabolites in two soils SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flucarbazone; propoxycarbazone; sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone; metabolites; benzenesulfonamide; triazolinone; sorption; desorption; aged residues ID HERBICIDES AB Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil and, for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. While sorption-desorption of many herbicides has been characterised, very little work in this area has been done on herbicide metabolites. The objective of this study was to characterise sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides, flucarbazone and propoxycarbazone, and their benzenesulfonamide and triazolinone metabolites in two soils with different physical and chemical properties. K-f values for all four chemicals were greater in clay loam soil, which had higher organic carbon and clay contents than loamy sand. Kf-oc ranged from 29 to 119 for the herbicides and from 42 to 84 for the metabolites. Desorption was hysteretic in every case. Lower desorption in the more sorptive system might indicate that hysteresis can be attributed to irreversible binding of the molecules to soil surfaces. These data show the importance of characterisation of both sorption and desorption of herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide residue transport. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicide metabolites would be overpredicted if parent chemical soil sorption values were used to predict transport. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, Inst Rescursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 7 BP 598 EP 602 DI 10.1002/ps.1196 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 061NU UT WOS:000238880100003 PM 16691543 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Brunk, G Belles, D Westra, P Nissen, S AF Shaner, Dale L. Brunk, Galen Belles, David Westra, Phil Nissen, Scott TI Soil dissipation and biological activity of metolachlor and S-metolachlor in five soils SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetanilide herbicide; racemic mixture; soil binding; soil dissipation; metolachlor; S-metolachlor ID WEED AB The resolved isomer of metolachlor, S-metolachlor, was registered in 1997. New formulations based primarily on the S-metolachlor isomer are more active on a gram for gram metolachlor basis than formulations based on a racemic mixture of metolachlor containing a 50:50 ratio of the R and S isomers. The labelled use rates of S-metolachlor-based products were reduced by 35% to give equivalent weed control to metolachlor. However, several companies have recently registered new metolachlor formulations with the same recommended use rates for weed control as S-metolachlor. This research was done to compare the soil behaviour and the biological activity of metolachlor and S-metolachlor in different soils under greenhouse and field conditions. Although K-d ranged from 1.6 to 6.9 across the five soils, there were no differences in the binding of metolachlor and S-metolachlor to soil or in the rate of soil solution dissipation in a given soil. However, both greenhouse and field studies showed that S-metolachlor was 1.4-3-fold more active than metolachlor against Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in five different soils and that S-metolachlor was more active than metolachlor in three Colorado field locations. When the rates of metolachlor and S-metolachlor were adjusted for S isomer concentrations in the formulations, there were no differences between the formulations in field, greenhouse or bioassay studies. Thus herbicidal activity is due to the S isomers, with the R isomers being largely inactive. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 62 IS 7 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1002/ps.1215 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 061NU UT WOS:000238880100006 PM 16671061 ER PT J AU Wong, HL Rauth, AM Bendayan, R Manias, JL Ramaswamy, M Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Wu, XY AF Wong, Ho Lun Rauth, Andrew M. Bendayan, Reina Manias, Janet L. Ramaswamy, Manisha Liu, Zengshe Erhan, Sevim Z. Wu, Xiao Yu TI A new polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle system increases cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breast cancer cells; doxorubicin delivery; in vitro cytotoxicity; multidrug resistance; polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; ANTICANCER DRUG; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; IN-VITRO; LOADED NANOPARTICLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; BRAIN-TUMORS; MITOMYCIN-C; MICROSPHERES; DELIVERY AB Purpose. This work is intended to develop and evaluate a new polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle system that can efficiently load and release water-soluble anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) and enhance Dox toxicity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Methods. Cationic Dox was complexed with a new soybean-oil-based anionic polymer and dispersed together with a lipid in water to form Dox-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Dox-SLNs). Drug loading and release properties were measured spectrophotometrically. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Dox-SLN and the excipients in an MDR human breast cancer cell line (MDA435/LCC6/MDR1) and its wild-type line were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and clonogenic assays. Cellular uptake and retention of Dox were determined with a microplate fluorometer. Results. Dox-SLNs were prepared with a drug encapsulation efficiency of 60-80% and a particle size range of 80-350 nm. About 50% of the loaded drug was released in the first few hours and an additional 10-20% in 2 weeks. Treatment of the MDR cells with Dox-SLN resulted in over 8-fold increase in cell kill when compared to Dox solution treatment at equivalent doses. The blank SLN and the excipients exhibited little cytotoxicity. The biological activity of the released Dox remained unchanged from fresh, free Dox. Cellular Dox uptake and retention by the MDR cells were both significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) when Dox was delivered in Dox-SLN form. Conclusions. The new polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle system is effective for delivery of Dox and enhances its efficacy against MDR breast cancer cells. C1 Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada. Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wu, XY (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, 19 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada. EM xywu@phm.utoronto.ca NR 42 TC 154 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARM RES JI Pharm. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1574 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s11095-006-0282-x PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 061CI UT WOS:000238848400016 PM 16786442 ER PT J AU Ritters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG AF Ritters, KH Wickham, JD Wade, TG TI Evaluating ecoregions for sampling and mapping land-cover patterns SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ANCILLARY DATA SOURCES; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; SATELLITE DATA; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-PATTERN; ACCURACY AB Ecoregional stratification has been proposed for sampling and mapping land-cover composition and pattern over time. Using a wall-to-wall land-cover map of the United States, we evaluated geographic scales of variance for nine landscape-level and eight forest pattern indices, and compared stratification by ecoregions, administrative units, and watersheds. Ecoregions accounted for 65 percent to 75 percent of the total variance of percent agriculture and percent forest because dominant land-cover is included in ecoregional definitions. In contrast, ecoregions explained only 13 percent to 34 percent of the variance of the other seven landscape-level pattern indices. After accounting for differences in amount of forest, ecoregions explained less than 5 percent of the variance of the eight forest pattern indices. None of the stratifications tested would be effective mapping units for land-cover pattern because within-unit variance of land-cover pattern is typically two to four times larger than between-unit variance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Ritters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kriitters@fs.fed.us; wickham.james@epa.gov; wade.timothy@epa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 058ZZ UT WOS:000238704400008 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Reibenspies, JH Williams, HJ AF Stipanovic, Robert D. Puckhaber, Lorraine S. Reibenspies, Joseph H. Williams, Howard J. TI The absolute configuration of (-)-3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Heterotheca inuloides; Gossypium hirsutum; Hibiscus cannabinus; Malvaceae; cotton; kenaf; biosynthesis; sesquiterpene; (-)-3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene ID HETEROTHECA-INULOIDES; PHYTOALEXINS; COTTON AB 3-Hydroxy-alpha-calacorene was identified in extracts from cold-shocked seedlings of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), both of which are members of the Malvaceae family. (-)-3-Hydroxy-alpha-calacorene was isolated from Heterotheca inuloides Cass. (Asteraceae). HPLC on a chiral stationary phase column showed that the 3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene from cotton and kenaf had the same relative configuration, while that from H. inuloides was of the opposite configuration. X-ray crystallographic analysis established the absolute configuration of the compound in H. inuloides as (8R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-alpha-calacorene. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 2006 VL 67 IS 13 BP 1304 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.019 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 076QK UT WOS:000239972600001 PM 16806327 ER PT J AU De La Fuente, L Landa, BB Weller, DM AF De La Fuente, L Landa, BB Weller, DM TI Host crop affects rhizosphere colonization and competitiveness of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorescent pseudomonads; rhizosphere competitiveness.; suppressive soils ID DISEASE-SUPPRESSIVE BACTERIA; ALL DECLINE SOILS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; ROOT COLONIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PLANT-PATHOGENS; FUSARIUM-WILT AB Strains of Psendomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2.4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are biocontrol agents which play a key role in the suppressiveness of some soils against soilborne pathogens. We evaluated the effect of the host plant genotype on rhizosphere colonization by both indigenous and introduced 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens. First, population densities of indigenous 2,4-DAPG producers in the rhizospheres of alfalfa, barley, bean, flax, lentil, lupine, oat, pea, and wheat grown in a Fusarium wilt-suppressive Puget silt loam were determined. Population densities differed among the various crops and among pea cultivars, with lentil and oat supporting the highest and lowest densities of 2,4-DAPG producers, respectively. Second, to determine the interactions among 2,4-DAPG producers in the rhizosphere, a Shano sandy loam was inoculated individually and with all possible combinations of P. fluorescens Q8r1-96 (genotype D), F113 (genotype K). and MVP1-4 (genotype P) and sown to wheat or pea, and the rhizosphere population dynamics of each strain was monitored. All three strains were similar in ability to colonize the rhizosphere of wheat and pea when introduced alone into the soil: however, when introduced together in equal densities. the outcome of the interactions differed according to the host crop. In the wheat rhizosphere, the population density of strain F113 was significantly greater than that of Q8r1-96 in the mixed inoculation studies, but no significant differences were observed on pea. The population density of strain Q8r1-96 was greater than that of MVP1-4 in the mixed inoculation on wheat. but the opposite occurred on pea. In the wheat rhizosphere. the population of MVP1-4 dropped below the detection limit (log 3.26 CFU g(-1) of root) in the presence of F113; however, on pea, the population density of MVP1-4 was higher than that of F113. When all three strains were present together, F113 had the greatest density in the wheat rhizosphere, but MVP1-4 was dominant in the pea rhizosphere. Finally. eight pea cultivars were grown in soil inoculated with either MVP1-4 or Q8r1-96. The effect of the pea cultivar on rhizosphere colonization was dependent on the bacterial strain inoculated. Rhizosphere population densities of MVP1-4 did not differ significantly among pea cultivars, whereas population densities of Q8r1-96 did. We conclude from these studies that the host crop plays a key role in modulating both rhizosphere colonization by 2.4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens and the interactions among different genotypes present in the same rhizosphere. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron & Montes, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.cdu RI De La Fuente, Leonardo/A-2012-2013; Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 96 IS 7 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0751 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 059PA UT WOS:000238743500009 PM 18943149 ER PT J AU McKay, DL Blumberg, JB AF McKay, Diane L. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.) SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Matricaria recutita; Chamomilla recutita; chamomile; herbal tea; tisane; apigenin ID PROSTATE CARCINOMA-CELLS; LIVER EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL OIL; IN-VITRO; FLAVONOID APIGENIN; CROSS-REACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE AB Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most popular single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Chamomile tea, brewed from dried flower heads, has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Evidence-based information regarding the bioactivity of this herb is presented. The main constituents of the flowers include several phenolic compounds, primarily the flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, luteolin and their glucosides. The principal components of the essential oil extracted from the flowers are the terpenoids alpha-bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes, including chamazulene. Chamomile has moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and significant antiplatelet activity in vitro. Animal model studies indicate potent antfinflammatory action, some antimutagenic and cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as antispasmotic and anxiolytic effects. However, human studies are limited, and clinical trials examining the purported sedative properties of chamomile tea are absent. Adverse reactions to chamomile, consumed as a tisane or applied topically, have been reported among those with allergies to other plants in the daisy family, i.e. Asteraceae or Compositae. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McKay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM diane.mckay@tufts.edu NR 131 TC 198 Z9 211 U1 12 U2 95 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1002/ptr.1900 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 066GE UT WOS:000239216900001 PM 16628544 ER PT J AU Duncan, KA Hardin, SC Huber, SC AF Duncan, Kateri A. Hardin, Shane C. Huber, Steven C. TI The three maize sucrose synthase Isoforms differ in distribution, localization, and phosphorylation SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular localization; isoform-specific antibodies; membrane association; oligomerization; sucrose synthase; Zea mays ID CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; PLANT-TISSUES; PROTEIN; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; SYNTHETASE; ENDOSPERM; ISOZYMES; KERNELS AB Although sucrose synthase (SUS) is widely appreciated for its role in plant metabolism and growth, very little is known about the contribution of each of the SUS isoforms to these processes. Using isoform-specific antibodies, we evaluated the three known isoforms individually at the protein level. SUS1 and SUS-SH1 proteins have been studied previously; however, SUS2 (previously known as SUS3) has only been studied at the transcript level. Using SUS2 isoform-specific antibodies, we determined that this isoform is present in several maize tissues. The intracellular localization of all SUS isoforms was studied by cellular fractionation of leaves and developing kernels. Interestingly, SUS1 and SUS-SH1 were associated with membranes while SUS2 was not. The lack of membrane-associated SUS2 indicates that it might have a unique role in cytoplasmic sucrose metabolism. Using co-immunoprecipitation with kernel extracts, it was also established that SUS2 exists predominantly as a hetero-oligomer with SUS1, while SUS-SH1 forms only homooligomers. Using sequence-specific and phospho-specific antibodies, we haste established for the first time that SUS-SH1 is phosphorylated in vivo at the Ser10 site in kernels, similar to the SUS1 Ser15 site. In midveins, additional evidence suggests that SUS can be phosphorylated at a novel C-terminal threonine site. Together, these results show that the isoforms of SUS are important in both cytosolic and membrane-associated sucrose degradation, but that their unique attributes most probably impart isoform-specific functional roles. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 7 BP 959 EP 971 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcj068 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 069EZ UT WOS:000239430500014 PM 16760218 ER PT J AU Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD AF Shigaki, T. Hirschi, K. D. TI Diverse functions and molecular properties emerging for CAX cation/H+ exchangers in plants SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE autoinhibition; phytoremediation; nutrition; CAX; cation specificity; Ca2+/H+ exchanger ID H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; CYTOSOLIC CA2+ LEVELS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INCREASED CALCIUM; SALT TOLERANCE; EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; YEAST; CLONING AB Steep concentration gradients of many ions are actively maintained, with lower concentrations typically located in the cytosol, and higher concentrations in organelles and outside the cell. The vacuole is an important storage organelle for many ions. The concentration gradient of cations is established across the plant tonoplast, in part, by high-capacity cation/H+ (CAX) exchange activity. While plants may not be green yeast, analysis of CAX regulation and substrate specificity has been greatly aided by utilizing yeast as an experimental tool. The basic CAX biology in Arabidopsis has immediate relevance toward understanding the functional interplay between diverse transport processes. The long-range applied goals are to identify novel transporters and express them in crop plants in order to "mine" nutrients out of the soil and into plants. In doing so, this could boost the levels of essential nutrients in plants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shigaki, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tshigaki@bcm.tmc.edu NR 71 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1055/s-2006-923950 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 070XU UT WOS:000239561100002 PM 16906482 ER PT J AU Jiang, Q Roche, D Monaco, TA Hole, D AF Jiang, Q. Roche, D. Monaco, T. A. Hole, D. TI Stomatal conductance is a key parameter to assess limitations to photosynthesis and growth potential in barley genotypes SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stomatal conductance; stomatal and non-stomatal limitations; salinity; chlorophyll fluorescence; photosynthesis; barley; yield potential ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II ACTIVITY; WATER-STRESS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; GAS-EXCHANGE; C-3 PLANTS; NONSTOMATAL LIMITATIONS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; HORDEUM-VULGARE; CO2 FIXATION AB Fourteen genotypes of barley were compared for response to salinity by monitoring the parameters gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. We present relationships between stomatal conductance (g(s)) gas exchange chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and aboveground dry matter (AGDM). We found that genetic variability provided a continuum of data for gs across control and saline conditions. We used this continuum of g. values to test the overall relationships between g, and net photosynthesis (A), leaf internal CO2 concentration (C-i), actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Phi PSII), relative electron yield over net CO2 assimilation rate (ETRIA), and AGDM. The relationship between g, and A was highly significant (p < 0.0001) for both control and saline treatments, while correlations between g, and Ci, and C, and A were significant only under control conditions. Unexpectedly, we found positive correlations between g, and (DPSII (p < 0.0001) for both conditions. A comparison between relationships of g(s) and A, and gs and Phi PSII seemed to indicate a possible acclimation to salinity at the chloroplastic level. Finally, the relationships between gs and ETRIA were exceptionally strong for both growing conditions (p < 0.0001) indicating that, as g. values were negatively affected in barley by genetics and salinity as main or interactive effects, there was a progressive increase in photorespi ration in barley. Overall, we found that stomatal conductance was a key parameter in the study of barley responses to limiting situations for photosynthesis. We also found a strong relationship between AGDM and gs regardless of growing conditions and genotypes. For breeding evaluations to select barley genotypes for salinity tolerance, it may be possible to replace all measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence by the simple use of a porometer. C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jiang, Q (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM droche@mendel.usu.edu RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008 OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1055/s-2006-923964 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 070XU UT WOS:000239561100011 PM 16906488 ER PT J AU Benedict, C Skinner, JS Meng, R Chang, YJ Bhalerao, R Huner, NPA Finn, CE Chen, THH Hurry, V AF Benedict, C Skinner, JS Meng, R Chang, YJ Bhalerao, R Huner, NPA Finn, CE Chen, THH Hurry, V TI The CBF1-dependent low temperature signalling pathway, regulon and increase in freeze tolerance are conserved in Populus spp. SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cold tolerance; microarray ID INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; COLD-RESPONSE PATHWAY; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; PEACH PRUNUS-PERSICA; ABSCISIC-ACID; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SILVER BIRCH; SHORT PHOTOPERIOD AB The meristematic tissues of temperate woody perennials must acclimate to freezing temperatures to survive the winter and resume growth the following year. To determine whether the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) family of transcription factors contributing to this process in annual herbaceous species also functions in woody perennials, we investigated the changes in phenotype and transcript profile of transgenic Populus constitutively expressing CBF1 from Arabidopsis (AtCBF1). Ectopic expression of AtCBF1 was sufficient to significantly increase the freezing tolerance of non-acclimated leaves and stems relative to wild-type plants. cDNA microarray experiments identified genes up-regulated by ectopic AtCBF1 expression in Populus, demonstrated a strong conservation of the CBF regulon between Populus and Arabidopsis and identified differences between leaf and stem regulons. We studied the induction kinetics and tissue specificity of four CBF paralogues identified from the Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa genome sequence (PtCBFs). All four PtCBFs are cold-inducible in leaves, but only PtCBF1 and PtCBF3 show significant induction in stems. Our results suggest that the central role played by the CBF family of transcriptional activators in cold acclimation of Arabidopsis has been maintained in Populus. However, the differential expression of the PtCBFs and differing clusters of CBF-responsive genes in annual (leaf) and perennial (stem) tissues suggest that the perennial-driven evolution of winter dormancy may have given rise to specific roles for these 'master-switches' in the different annual and perennial tissues of woody species. C1 Umea Univ, Ctr Plasma Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Forest Genet, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol & Biotron, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. USDA, ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hurry, V (reprint author), Umea Univ, Ctr Plasma Sci, Dept Plant Physiol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM Vaughan.Hurry@plantphys.umu.se RI Hurry, Vaughan/A-8331-2008 OI Hurry, Vaughan/0000-0001-5151-5184 NR 63 TC 122 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1259 EP 1272 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01505.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 050CF UT WOS:000238064400006 PM 17080948 ER PT J AU Chen, JP Burke, JJ Xin, ZG Xu, CC Velten, J AF Chen, JP Burke, JJ Xin, ZG Xu, CC Velten, J TI Characterization of the Arabidopsis thermosensitive mutant atts02 reveals an important role for galactolipids in thermotolerance SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE acquired thermotolerance; basal thermotolerance; DGD1; DGDG ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; ACQUIRED THERMOTOLERANCE; LIPID-COMPOSITION; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; TEMPERATURE STRESS; HIGHER-PLANTS; TOLERANCE; ACQUISITION AB Plants are constantly challenged with various abiotic stresses in their natural environment. Elevated temperatures have a detrimental impact on overall plant growth and productivity. Many plants increase their tolerance to high temperatures through an adaptation response known as acquired thermotolerance. To identify the various mechanisms that plants have evolved to cope with high temperature stress, we have isolated a series of Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in the acquisition of thermotolerance after an exposure to 38 degrees C, a treatment that induces acquired thermotolerance in wild-type plants. One of these mutants, atts02, was not only defective in acquiring thermotolerance after the treatment, but also displayed a reduced level of basal thermotolerance in a 30 degrees C growth assay. The affected gene in atts02 was identified by positional cloning and encodes digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (DGD1) (the atts02 mutant was, at that point, renamed dgd1-2). An additional dgd1 allele, dgd1-3, was identified in two other mutant lines displaying altered acquired thermotolerance, atts100 and atts104. Expression patterns of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat-treated dgd1-2 homozygous plants were similar to those from identically treated wild-type plants, suggesting that the thermosensitivity in the dgd1-2 mutant was not caused by a defect in HSP induction. Lipid analysis of wild-type and mutant plants indicated a close correlation between the ability to acquire thermotolerance and the increases in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) level and in the ratio of DGDG to monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). Thermosensitivity in dgd1-2 and dgd1-3 was associated with (1) a decreased DGDG level and (2) an inability to increase the ratio of DGDG to MGDG upon exposure to a 38 degrees C sublethal temperature treatment. Our results suggest that the DGDG level and/or the ratio of DGDG to MGDG may play an important role in basal as well as acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jchen@lbk.ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 47 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1437 EP 1448 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01527.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 050CF UT WOS:000238064400023 PM 17080965 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Peres, NA Werner, NA AF Turechek, WW Peres, NA Werner, NA TI Pre- and post-infection activity of pyraclostrobin for control of anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry caused by Colletotrichum acutatum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS POPULATIONS; SPLASH DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; RESISTANCE; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; FUNGICIDES; MOISTURE AB The effect of pre- and post-infection-period applications of pyraclostrobin (Cabrio EG) on the development of anthracnose fruit rot was characterized in a controlled-climate study and validated in field studies in New York and Florida. Plants of the day-neutral cv. Tristar were inoculated with C. acutatum and placed into mist chambers at 14, 22, or 30 degrees C. The plants were removed from the chambers after 3, 6, 12, or 24 h of misting and placed on greenhouse benches to allow disease development. The fungicide pyraclostrobin was applied to the berries at a concentration equivalent to 168 g a.i./ha at 3, 8, 24, and 48 It prior to inoculation and exposure to their wetting period, or 3, 8, 24, and 48 It following inoculation and exposure to their wetting period. All pyraclostrobin treatments suppressed disease compared with the corresponding untreated control treatments. The highest incidence of disease occurred on plants exposed to the longest wetness durations (12 and 24 h) or highest temperature treatments (22 and 30 degrees C). Post-infection applications of pyraclostrobin provided significant control when applications were made within 3 and often up to 8 h after wetting, but generally were less effective than protective sprays. We further tested the ability of pyraclostrobin to control anthracnose when applied as a protectant or as an after-infection application in inoculated field plots exposed to a short (8 h) or long (24 h) wetting period in Florida and in New York. In three of the four experimental plots, disease control equivalent to or better than the protective spray was achieved when pyraclostrobin was applied up to 24 It after infection for long and short wetting periods. In the remaining plot, conditions for disease development were exceptionally favorable. The protective treatment provided approximately 75% control, whereas the best post-infection treatment provided only 50% control. Our study indicates that for short wetting events, such as those associated with seasonal thunderstorms, growers can wait until after such an infection event before applying pyraclostrobin and achieve control equivalent to a protective application. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Res Support Aide, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM turechew@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Peres, Natalia/A-3279-2013 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0862 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500005 ER PT J AU Browne, GT Connell, JH Schneider, SM AF Browne, GT Connell, JH Schneider, SM TI Almond replant disease and its management with alternative pre-plant soil fumigation treatments and rootstocks SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; stone fruit replant disorder ID METHYL-BROMIDE; APPLE AB Trials were conducted in orchards near Chico, CA and microplots near Parlier, CA to examine symptoms and control measures for a replant disease (RD) on almond (Prunus dulcis). In the orchard trials, areas with a recent history of severe RD were cleared, given soil fumigation treatments in the fall, and replanted with almond trees on various rootstocks the following winter. The replants in nonfumigated soil developed severe RD (stunting, wilting, chlorosis, defoliation) by the following summer, while those in most fumigated treatments remained healthy. Trees in nonfumigated soil developed smaller trunk diameters and fewer healthy roots <= 1 min diameter, compared with the healthy trees. Almond developed RD on all rootstocks evaluated (Marianna 2624, Lovell, and Nemaguard), but the trees on Marianna 2624 were the most severely affected. Pre-plant tree-site (spot) fumigation treatments with methyl bromide (MB), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), 1,3-D + CP, iodomethane, and iodomethane + CP all prevented severe RD. Broadcast soil fumigation with CP also was effective, but broadcast MB and 1,3-D were ineffective. In microplots filled with RD-conducive soil, CP was more potent than MB for prevention of RD on Nemaguard peach. There was no association between nematodes and RD in orchard or microplot trials. The RD apparently was mediated by a biological agent(s) other than nematodes and can be prevented by appropriate fumigation with CP or other MB alternatives. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. UC Cooperat Extens, Oroville, CA USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0869 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500006 ER PT J AU Carson, ML AF Carson, ML TI Response of a maize synthetic to selection for components of partial resistance to Exserohilum turcicum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Helminthosporium turcicum; Setosphaeria turcica ID NORTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; ZEA-MAYS L; HOST-PLANT RESPONSE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TURCICUM; SETOSPHAERIA-TURCICA; GENE HTN; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; POLYGENIC RESISTANCE; LATENT PERIOD; YIELD LOSSES AB A synthetic population of maize (Zea mays) was created from five inbred lines of varying levels of partial resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB). This synthetic was subjected to three cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection with pollen control for either increased latent period or decreased lesion length. A selection intensity of ca. 10% was used in each selection cycle. The original synthetic and three advanced selection cycles for each of the two components of partial resistance were evaluated in field trials in the summers of 1999 and 2001, and in greenhouse trials. Selection for increased latent period was more effective in improving resistance to NLB (20 to 27% gain/cycle) (as measured by area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC] than was selection for decreased lesion length (14 to 18% gain/cycle). Responses in AUDPC to selection for either component of resistance were linear in the 1999 field trial, but were quadratic (decreased response in advanced cycles) in the 2001 trial. Selection for increased latent period in the field resulted in a 0.6-day increase in latent period per selection cycle when measured in the greenhouse and a 2-day increase per selection cycle when measured in the field. Selection for decreased lesion length in the field did not significantly alter latent period in the greenhouse. These results support using selection for increased latent period as an effective means of improving partial resistance to NLB in maize populations. Decreased lesion length was more difficult to measure and selection based on this criterion was less effective in improving partial resistance. C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carson, ML (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mcarson@umn.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 910 EP 914 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0910 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500012 ER PT J AU Isard, SA Dufault, NS Miles, MR Hartman, GL Russo, JM De Wolf, ED Morel, W AF Isard, SA Dufault, NS Miles, MR Hartman, GL Russo, JM De Wolf, ED Morel, W TI The effect of solar irradiance on the mortality of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; urediniospore dispersal ID SOYBEAN RUST; FUNGAL SPORES; SURVIVAL; RADIATION; SPORANGIA AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, may be the most important foliar disease of soybean. Within the last 10 years, the fungus has moved to many new geographical locations via spread of airborne urediniospores. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between urediniospore viability and exposure to solar radiation. Urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi were exposed in Capitan Miranda, Paraguay, to determine the deleterious effects of sunlight. Concomitant total solar (0.285 to 2.8 mu m) and ultraviolet (0.295 to 0.385 mu m) irradiance measurements were used to predict urediniospore germination. Urediniospores exposed to doses of solar and ultraviolet (UV) radiation >= 27.3 MJ/m(2) and >= 1.2 MJ/m(2), respectively, did not germinate. The proportions of urediniospores that germinated, normalized with respect to the germination proportion for unexposed urediniospores from the same collections, were a linear function of solar irradiance (R-2 = 0.83). UV measurements predicted normalized germination proportions equally well. Results of inoculation experiments with exposed P. pachyrhizi urediniospores supported the results of the germination trials, although the effects of moderate levels of irradiance varied. The relationship between urediniospore viability and exposure to solar radiation has been incorporated into the U.S. Department of Agriculture's soybean rust aerobiological model that provides North American soybean growers with decision support for managing soybean rust. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ZedX Inc, Bellefonte, PA USA. Ctr Reg Invest Agricola, Capitan Miranda, Paraguay. RP Isard, SA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sai10@psu.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 941 EP 945 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0941 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500017 ER PT J AU Porter, LD Cummings, TF Johnson, DA AF Porter, LD Cummings, TF Johnson, DA TI Effects of soil-applied late blight foliar fungicides on infection of potato tubers by Phytophthora infestans SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA BASIN; WATER AB Potato tuber infection was assessed under greenhouse and outdoor conditions when late blight foliar fungicides were applied to soil 24 h prior to soil infestation with a suspension of zoospores and sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. Spore viability of P. infestans in soil treated with various fungicides was determined using buried healthy whole tubers and by assaying infested soil applied to freshly cut tuber disks. Protection of tubers and tuber disks from infection was more effective when soil was treated with mancozeb, metiram, and cyazofamid than with other fungicides. Whole tuber infections were significantly less in soils treated with mancozeb, metiram, fluazinam, and fenamidone than when treated with distilled water. Infection of buried tubers and tuber disks was prevented for 3 to 5 days following a single soil application of mancozeb or metiram under outdoor conditions. The tuber disk method was more sensitive in determining the efficacy of a fungicide in inhibiting infection and spore viability than using whole buried tubers. However, both methods of determining viability may determine different modes of action of some fungicides that inhibit infection since whole tubers were not infected when protected by some fungicides but tuber disks were infected. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Porter, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM lporter@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0964 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500021 ER PT J AU Lynch, TN Marois, JJ Wright, DL Harmon, PF Harmon, CL Miles, MR AF Lynch, TN Marois, JJ Wright, DL Harmon, PF Harmon, CL Miles, MR TI First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Quincy, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, So Plant Diagnost Network, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Lynch, TN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 970 EP 970 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0970C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500025 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Cavin, CA McMahon, MB Loumbourdis, I AF Berner, DK Cavin, CA McMahon, MB Loumbourdis, I TI First report of anthracnose of Salsola tragus caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Greece. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Amer Farm Sch, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 971 EP 971 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0971B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500027 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM Becktell, MC Bean, D Littlefield, J Pilgeram, AL Sands, DC Aime, MC AF Bruckart, WL Eskandari, FM Becktell, MC Bean, D Littlefield, J Pilgeram, AL Sands, DC Aime, MC TI Puccinia acroptili on Russian knapweed in Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Mesa State Coll, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. Colorado Dept Agr, Palisades, CO 81526 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 971 EP 971 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0971C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500028 ER PT J AU Isakcit, T Miller, ME Saldana, R Barnes, LW McKemy, JM Palm, ME Zeller, KA DeVries-Paterson, R Levy, L AF Isakcit, T Miller, ME Saldana, R Barnes, LW McKemy, JM Palm, ME Zeller, KA DeVries-Paterson, R Levy, L TI First report of rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean and kudzu in Texas. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Weslaco, TX USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Isakcit, T (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 971 EP 971 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0971A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500026 ER PT J AU Koenning, SR Moore, AD Creswell, TC Abad, GZ Palm, ME McKemy, JM Hernandez, JR Levy, L DeVries-Paterson, R AF Koenning, SR Moore, AD Creswell, TC Abad, GZ Palm, ME McKemy, JM Hernandez, JR Levy, L DeVries-Paterson, R TI First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in North Carolina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, NIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, PPQ, CPHST, NPGBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Koenning, SR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Creswell, Tom/A-6775-2015 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 90 IS 7 BP 973 EP 973 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0973A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 055CV UT WOS:000238428500032 ER PT J AU Morreel, K Goeminne, G Storme, V Sterck, L Ralph, J Coppieters, W Breyne, P Steenackers, M Georges, M Messens, E Boerjan, W AF Morreel, Kris Goeminne, Geert Storme, Veronique Sterck, Lieven Ralph, John Coppieters, Wouter Breyne, Peter Steenackers, Marijke Georges, Michel Messens, Eric Boerjan, Wout TI Genetical metabolomics of flavonoid biosynthesis in Populus: a case study SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE poplar; flavonoids; metabolite profiling; correlation analysis; mQTL; genetical metabolomics ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; BARLEY LEAVES; LINKAGE MAPS; MARKERS; NETWORKS; ENZYMES; PATHWAY; PHLOEM AB Genetical metabolomics [metabolite profiling combined with quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis] has been proposed as a new tool to identify loci that control metabolite abundances. This concept was evaluated in a case study with the model tree Populus. Using HPLC, the peak abundances were analyzed of 15 closely related flavonoids present in apical tissues of two full-sib poplar families, Populus deltoides cv. S9-2 x P. nigra cv. Ghoy and P. deltoides cv. S9-2 x P. trichocarpa cv. V24, and correlation and QTL analysis were used to detect flux control points in flavonoid biosynthesis. Four robust metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL), associated with rate-limiting steps in flavonoid biosynthesis, were mapped. Each mQTL was involved in the flux control to one or two flavonoids. Based on the identities of the affected metabolites and the flavonoid pathway structure, a tentative function was assigned to three of these mQTL, and the corresponding candidate genes were mapped. The data indicate that the combination of metabolite profiling with QTL analysis is a valuable tool to identify control points in a complex metabolic pathway of closely related compounds. C1 State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Genet, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. Res Inst Nat & Forest INBO, B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.ugent.be RI Sterck, Lieven/A-9439-2016; OI Sterck, Lieven/0000-0001-7116-4000; Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02781, RR08438] NR 48 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 2 BP 224 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02786.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 058HM UT WOS:000238656100005 PM 16774647 ER PT J AU Destefano-Beltran, L Knauber, D Huckle, L Suttle, JC AF Destefano-Beltran, Luis Knauber, Donna Huckle, Linda Suttle, Jeffrey C. TI Effects of postharvest storage and dormancy status on ABA content, metabolism, and expression of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and metabolism in potato tuber tissues SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABA; dormancy; gene expression; potato; Solanum tuberosum L; tuber; qRT-PCR ID ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; MERISTEM ACTIVATION PROCESSES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CATABOLISM; ALDEHYDE; FAMILY; 8'-HYDROXYLASE; INDUCTION; CLEAVAGE; STARCH AB At harvest, and for an indeterminate period thereafter, potato tubers will not sprout and are physiologically dormant. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to play a critical role in tuber dormancy control but the mechanisms controlling ABA content during dormancy as well as the sites of ABA synthesis and catabolism are unknown. As a first step in defining the sites of synthesis and cognate processes regulating ABA turnover during storage and dormancy progression, gene sequences encoding the ABA biosynthetic enzymes zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and three catabolism-related genes were used to quantify changes in their relative mRNA abundances in three specific tuber tissues (meristems, their surrounding periderm and underlying cortex) by qRT-PCR. During storage, StZEP expression was relatively constant in meristems, exhibited a biphasic pattern in periderm with transient increases during early and mid-to-late-storage, and peaked during mid-storage in cortex. Expression of two members of the potato NCED gene family was found to correlate with changes in ABA content in meristems (StNCED2) and cortex (StNCED1). Conversely, expression patterns of three putative ABA-8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A) genes during storage varied in a tissue-specific manner with expression of two of these genes rising in meristems and periderm and declining in cortex during storage. These results suggest that ABA synthesis and metabolism occur in all tuber tissues examined and that tuber ABA content during dormancy is the result of a balance of synthesis and metabolism that increasingly favors catabolism as dormancy ends and may be controlled at the level of StNCED and StCYP707A gene activities. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N,State Univ Stn,POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM suttlej@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4-5 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-0042-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 070UT UT WOS:000239551300011 PM 16897484 ER PT J AU Xu, RQ Zhao, HW Dinkins, RD Cheng, XW Carberry, G Li, QQ AF Xu, Ruqiang Zhao, Hongwei Dinkins, Randy D. Cheng, Xiaowen Carberry, George Li, Qingshun Quinn TI The 73 kD Subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex affects reproductive development in Arabidopsis SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mRNA 3 '-end processing; polyadenylation; CPSF complex; male sterility ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; ASSEMBLY-LINE; KDA SUBUNIT; 3 END; YEAST; THALIANA; HOMOLOG; PLANTS AB The cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is an important multi-subunit component of the mRNA 3'-end processing apparatus in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis genome contains five genes encoding CPSF homologues (AtCPSF160, AtCPSF100, AtCPSF73-I, AtCPSF73-II and AtCPSF30). These CPSF homologues interact with each other in a way that is analogous to the mammalian CPSF complex or their yeast counterparts, and also interact with the Arabidopsis poly(A) polymerase (PAP). There are two CPSF73 like proteins (AtCPSF73-I and AtCPSF73-II) that share homology with the 73 kD subunit of the mammalian CPSF complex. AtCPSF73-I appears to correspond to the functionally characterized mammalian CPSF73 and its yeast counterpart. AtCPSF73-II was identified as a novel protein with uncharacterized protein homologues in other multicellular organisms, but not in yeast. Both of the AtCPSF73 proteins are targeted in the nucleus and were found to interact with AtCPSF100. They are also essential since knockout or knockdown mutants are lethal. In addition, the expression level of AtCPSF73-I is critical for Arabidopsis development because overexpression of AtCPSF73-I is lethal. Interestingly, transgenic plants carrying an additional copy of the AtCPSF73-I gene, that is, the full-length cDNA under the control of its native promoter, appeared normal but were male sterile due to delayed anther dehiscence. In contrast, we previously demonstrated that a mutation in the AtCPSF73-II gene was detrimental to the genetic transmission of female gametes. Thus, two 73 kD subunits of the AtCPSF complex appear to have special functions during flower development. The important roles of mRNA 3'-end processing machinery in modulating plant development are discussed. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Li, QQ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM liq@muohio.edu RI Li, Qingshun/C-5603-2009; OI Li, Qingshun/0000-0003-4105-1480; Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 50 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 4-5 BP 799 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s11103-006-0051-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 070UT UT WOS:000239551300021 PM 16897494 ER PT J AU Bae, H Kim, MS Sicher, RC Bae, HJ Bailey, BA AF Bae, Hanhong Kim, Moon S. Sicher, Richard C. Bae, Hyeun-Jong Bailey, Bryan A. TI Necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide from Fusarium oxysporum induces a complex cascade of transcripts associated with signal transduction and cell death in arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE IMAGING-SYSTEM; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; ELICITOR CRYPTOGEIN; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; LEAF SENESCENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNGAL PROTEIN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; TOBACCO CELLS AB Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with a necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1) from Fusarium oxysporum inhibited both root and cotyledon growth and triggered cell death, thereby generating necrotic spots. Nep1-like proteins are produced by divergent microbes, many of which are plant pathogens. Nep1 in the plant was localized to the cell wall and cytosol based on immunolocalization results. The ratio of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F685 nm/F730 nm) significantly decreased after 75-min treatment with Nep1 in comparison to the control. This suggested that a short-term compensation of photosynthesis occurred in response to localized damage to cells. The concentrations of most water-soluble metabolites analyzed were reduced in Arabidopsis seedlings after 6 h of Nep1 treatment, indicating that the integrity of cellular membranes had failed. Microarray results showed that short-term treatment with Nep1 altered expression of numerous genes encoding proteins putatively localized to organelles, especially the chloroplast and mitochondria. Short-term treatment with Nep1 induced multiple classes of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production, signal transduction, ethylene biosynthesis, membrane modification, apoptosis, and stress. Quantitative PCR was used to confirm the induction of genes localized in the chloroplast, mitochondria, and plasma membrane, and genes responsive to calcium/calmodulin complexes, ethylene, jasmonate, ethylene biosynthesis, WRKY, and cell death. The majority of Nep1-induced genes has been associated with general stress responses but has not been critically linked to resistance to plant disease. These results are consistent with Nep1 facilitating cell death as a component of diseases caused by necrotrophic plant pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Bae, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbae@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 57 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1056 EP 1067 DI 10.1104/pp.106.076869 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060WU UT WOS:000238833400024 PM 16698904 ER PT J AU Hardin, SC Duncan, KA Huber, SC AF Hardin, Shane C. Duncan, Kateri A. Huber, Steven C. TI Determination of structural requirements and probable regulatory effectors for membrane association of maize sucrose synthase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PH DOMAIN; IN-VIVO; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; PHOSPHORYLATION; LOCALIZATION AB Sucrose (Suc) synthase (SUS) cleaves Suc to form UDP glucose and fructose, and exists in soluble and membrane-associated forms, with the latter proposed to channel UDP glucose to the cellulose-synthase complex on the plasma membrane of plant cells during synthesis of cellulose. However, the structural features responsible for membrane localization and the mechanisms regulating its dual intracellular localization are unknown. The maize (Zea mays) SUS1 isoform is likely to have the intrinsic ability to interact directly with membranes because we show: (1) partial membrane localization when expressed in Escherichia coli, and (2) binding to carbonate-stripped plant microsomes in vitro. We have undertaken mutational analyses (truncations and alanine substitutions) and in vitro microsome-binding assays with the SUS1 protein to define intrinsic membrane-binding regions and potential regulatory factors that could be provided by cellular microenvironment. The results suggest that two regions of SUS1 contribute to membrane affinity: (1) the amino-terminal noncatalytic domain, and (2) a region with sequence similarity to the C-terminal pleckstrin homology domain of human pleckstrin. Alanine substitutions within the pleckstrin homology-like domain of SUS1 reduced membrane association in E. coli and with plant microsomes in vitro without reducing enzymatic activity. Microsomal association of wild-type SUS1 displayed cooperativity with SUS1 protein concentration and was stimulated by both lowering the pH and adding Suc. These studies offer insight into the molecular level regulation of SUS1 localization and its participation in carbon partitioning in plants. Moreover, transgenics with active SUS mutants altered in membrane affinity may be of technological utility. C1 USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 52 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1119 DI 10.1104/pp.106.078006 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060WU UT WOS:000238833400029 PM 16698903 ER PT J AU Kalberer, SR Wisniewski, M Arora, R AF Kalberer, SR Wisniewski, M Arora, R TI Deacclimation and reacclimation of cold-hardy plants: Current understanding and emerging concepts SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE chilling requirement; dehardening; dormancy; freezing tolerance; phenology; rehardening ID PEACH PRUNUS-PERSICA; RHODODENDRON FLOWER BUDS; SCOTS PINE-SEEDLINGS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; OILSEED RAPE; WINTER-WHEAT; L BATSCH; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VACCINIUM-MYRTILLUS AB The abilities of cold-hardy plants to resist deacclimation during transient warm spells and to reacclimate when cold temperatures return are significant for winter survival. Yet compared to the volume of research on the biology of cold acclimation, relatively little is known about how plants maintain and/or reacquire cold hardiness in late winter and spring. This review summarizes the past 40 years of research into deacclimation and reacclimation in herbaceous and woody plants and suggests questions that should be addressed with multi-disciplinary approaches to more comprehensively understand the biology of winter-survival in plants. Deacclimation and reacclimation are highly dependent on exogenous and endogenous factors such as the ambient temperatures, water availability, photoperiod, energy budget and metabolism, growth and development, and the dormancy status of plants. Putative mechanisms of these hardiness transitions are discussed based on the published accounts of changes in carbohydrates (e.g., compatible solutes), membrane lipids, proteins (e.g., dehydrins), antioxidants, photosynthesis, and gene expression. In conclusion, the relationships between environmental determinants, gene expression and regulation, cellular and organismal structure and function, and the consequent cold hardiness transitions in plants are discussed and debated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, 139 Hort Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rarora@iastate.edu NR 87 TC 144 Z9 151 U1 14 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.02.013 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 055MM UT WOS:000238454800001 ER PT J AU Vu, JCV Allen, LH Gesch, RW AF Vu, JCV Allen, LH Gesch, RW TI Up-regulation of photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism enzymes in young expanding leaves of sugarcane under elevated growth CO2 SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rising atmospheric CO2; C-4 photosynthetic enzymes; sucrose metabolism ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; SORGHUM LEAVES; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; MAIZE; LEAF; PHOTORESPIRATION AB Midday leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER), concentration of chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein and activity of the primary enzymes involved in leaf photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism were determined during leaf ontogeny for sugarcane plants grown at ambient (360 mu mol mol(-1)) and double-ambient (elevated, 720 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2. Although leaf CER of both CO2 treatments increased and was highest at 14 days after leaf emergence (DALE), leaf CER of the elevated-CO2 plants, however, was 20, 7 and 10% greater than that of the arnbient-CO2 plants at 7, 14 and 32 DALE, respectively. Elevated-CO2 plants also had up to 51 % lower stomatal conductance and 39% less transpiration, which resulted in 26-52% greater water-use efficiency (WUE) than ambient-CO2 plants, during leaf growth and development. Concentrations of total Chl and soluble protein and activities of RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), PEP carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), pyruvate Pi dikinase (PPDK) and sucrose-P synthase (SPS), expressed on a leaf area basis, generally followed leaf CER patterns during leaf ontogeny. For the elevated-CO2 plants, total Chl and soluble protein were 31 and 15% greater, and Rubisco, PPDK and NADP-MDH were up-regulated by 21, 117 and 174%, respectively, at 14 DALE, whereas PEPC and NADP-malic enzyme tended to be lower than or similar to the ambient-CO2 plants throughout leaf development. In addition, leaf SPS activity was increased by 13 and 37% and leaf sucrose concentration was 31 and 19% higher at 7 and 14 DALE, respectively, under elevated growth CO2. At final harvest, elevated growth [CO2] enhanced leaf area by 3 1 %, leaf fresh weight by 13.5%, stem fresh weight by 55.5%, total above-ground plant fresh weight by 44%, and stem juice volume by 83%. The up-regulation of the key photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism enzymes at early stages of leaf development would indicate an acclimation to elevated growth [CO2] for the C-4 sugarcane plant. An up-regulation of the enzymes, together with a reduction in leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration and an improvement in leaf WUE and plant water status, could lead to an enhancement in leaf area, plant biomass accumulation and sucrose production for the CO2-enriched sugarcane plants. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Vu, JCV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, 304 Newell Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jcvu@ifas.ufl.edu NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.03.003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 055MM UT WOS:000238454800014 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE AF Dayan, Franck E. TI Factors modulating the levels of the allelochemical sorgoleone in Sorghum bicolor SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; elicitation of natural products; essential oil; lipid resorcinol ID INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; ARABIDOPSIS; WEED; SEEDLINGS; GENE; PHYTOTOXICITY; SUPPRESSION; GERMINATION; ALLELOPATHY; ELICITORS AB Sorgoleone is the major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The presence of this allelochemical is intrinsically linked to root growth and the development of mature root hairs. However, factors modulating root formation and the biosynthesis of sorgoleone are not well known. Sorgoleone production was independent of early stages of plant development. The optimum temperature for root growth and sorgoleone production was 30 degrees C. Seedling development and sorgoleone levels were greatly reduced at temperatures below 25 degrees C and above 35 degrees C. The level of sorgoleone was also sensitive to light, being reduced by nearly 50% upon exposure to blue light (470 nm) and by 23% with red light (670 nm). Applying mechanical pressure over developing seedlings stimulated root formation but did not affect the biosynthesis of this lipid benzoquinone. Sorgoleone production did not change in seedlings exposed to plant defense elicitors. On the other hand, sorgoleone levels increased in plants treated with a crude extract of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) root. This stimulation was not associated with increased osmotic stress, since decreases in water potential (Psi(w)) by increasing solute concentrations with sorbitol reduces sorgoleone production. Sorgoleone production appears to be constitutively expressed in young developing sorghum plants. Other than with temperature, changes in the environmental factors had either no effect or caused a reduction in sorgoleone levels. However, the stimulation observed with velvetleaf root crude extract suggests that sorghum seedlings may respond to the presence of other plants by releasing more of this allelochemical. C1 USDA ARS, Nt Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nt Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 43 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUL PY 2006 VL 224 IS 2 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0217-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 056KZ UT WOS:000238523000010 PM 16402225 ER PT J AU Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Seki, J Pantaloni, M Spangenberger, A Harper, JS AF Weinzweig, Jeffrey Panter, Kp E. Seki, John Pantaloni, Marcello Spangenberger, Anthony Harper, James S. TI The fetal cleft palate: IV. Midfacial growth and bony palatal development following in utero and neonatal repair of the congenital caprine model SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Plastic-Surgeons CY NOV 02-06, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Plast Surg ID DIFFERENT SURGICAL TECHNIQUES; PLASTIC-SURGERY; SCAR FORMATION; FACIAL GROWTH; LIP; MORPHOLOGY; ALVEOLUS; ADULTS AB Background: Midfacial hypoplasia and growth disturbances following cleft palate repair are well-known consequences of the maxillary scarring inherent with each repair technique. The present study investigated the influence of in utero palatoplasty, and cleft repair in 6-week-old goats, on midfacial growth and bony palatal development in the authors' congenital caprine cleft palate model in an effort to identify an inherent component of facial growth impairment associated with the cleft anomaly. Methods: At 85 days' gestation, eight clefted fetuses underwent in utero cleft palate repair using a modified von Langenbeck technique; eight fetuses remained as unrepaired controls. At 6 weeks of age, eight goats underwent cleft palate repair using the same technique. All goats were euthanized at 6 months of age; dry skull measurements and cephalometric analyses were performed. Results: Fetal Repairs: Both repaired and unrepaired clefted goats demonstrated significant evidence of maxillary hypoplasia compared with unclefted controls. Repaired goats showed a decrease of 15.7 percent in maxillary length, and unrepaired clefted goats showed a decrease of 18.0 percent in maxillary length, compared with unclefted controls. There was no significant difference in maxillary growth between the repaired and unrepaired clefted groups. Bony cleft width was reduced by 48 percent anteriorly and 60 percent posteriorly. Thirty-seven percent of repaired congenital clefts demonstrated partial bony fusion involving 10 to 70 percent of the palatal length. This was accompanied by an 8.8 percent decrease in maxillary width at the level of the third molar crown compared with unclefted controls and an 18.3 percent decrease in maxillary width compared with unrepaired clefted goats. Unrepaired clefted goats demonstrated neither a decrease in maxillary width nor any narrowing or fusion of the bony cleft. Newborn Repairs: Significant midfacial growth impairment was seen in animals that underwent cleft palate repair at 6 weeks of age compared with those repaired in utero and with unclefted controls. Repaired clefted goats demonstrated a significant decrease in maxillary length by 29.5 percent compared with unclefted controls and 16.4 percent compared with the group repaired in utero. Repaired goats also demonstrated a significant decrease in maxillary width in the transverse dimension at the level of the third molar. A decrease in maxillary width of 25.3 percent was seen compared with the unclefted controls and 18.1 percent compared with the fetal repairs. Bony cleft width was reduced by 32 percent anteriorly and 27 percent posteriorly following repair at 6 weeks of age. Although all goats demonstrated. narrowing following repair, partial bony palatal fusion was not seen in this group. Conclusions: In utero cleft palate repair does not contribute to impairment of midfacial growth. The authors attribute this finding to the scarless nature of mucoperiosteal healing in the privileged fetal environment. However, the cleft palate anomaly does have an inherent component of facial dysmorphology that is evidenced as maxillary hypoplasia or retrusion in unrepaired clefted animals. Cleft repair in the newborn period, or thereafter, results in midfacial growth impairment in a manner similar to that seen clinically. The authors attribute this finding to the scarring that routinely accompanies conventional palatoplasty. The combination of the growth impairment inherent in the cleft anomaly and that attributable to postnatal repair scarring yields the midfacial retrusion commonly associated with cleft palate. C1 Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Craniofacial Biol & Tissue Engn Lab, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Orillia Soldiers Mem Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Orillia, ON, Canada. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Div Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Div Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Weinzweig, J (reprint author), Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Craniofacial Biol & Tissue Engn Lab, 41 Mall Rd, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. EM jeffrey.weinzweig@Lahey.org NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1097/01.prs.0000221062.93132.91 PG 13 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 063VT UT WOS:000239048700012 ER PT J AU Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Caulfield, DF AF Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Caulfield, DF TI Crystallization and thermal behavior of microcellular infection-molded polyamide-6 nanocomposites SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; NYLON-6 POLYCAPRAMIDE; KINETICS; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS; TRANSCRYSTALLINITY; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE AB This article presents the effects of nanoclay and supercritical nitrogen on the crystallization and thermal behavior of microcellular injection-molded polyamide-6 (PA6) nanocomposites with 5 and 7.5 wt% nanoclay. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were used to characterize the thermal behavior and crystalline structure. The isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of neat resin and its corresponding nanocomposite samples were analyzed using the Avrami and Ozawa equations, respectively. The activation energies determined using the Arrhenius equation for isothermal crystallization and the Kissinger equation for nonisothermal crystallization were comparable. The specimen thickness had a significant influence on the nonisothermal crystallization especially at high scanning rates. Nanocomposites with an optimal amount of nanoclay possessed the highest crystallization rate and a higher level of nucleation activity. The nanoclay increased the magnitude of the activation energy but decreased the overall crystallinity. The dissolved SCF did not alter the crystalline structure significantly. In contrast with conventionally injection-molded solid counterparts, microcellular neat resin parts and microcellular nanocomposite parts were found to have lower crystallinity in the core and higher crystallinity near the skin. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM turng@engr.wisc.edu NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP 904 EP 918 DI 10.1002/pen.20558 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 058KO UT WOS:000238664100010 ER PT J AU Kondo, S Isuzugawa, K Kobayashi, S Mattheis, J AF Kondo, S Isuzugawa, K Kobayashi, S Mattheis, J TI Aroma volatile emission and expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase genes in pears treated with 2,4-DP SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE auxin; ethylene; Pyrus communis L.; ripening ID PYRUS-PYRIFOLIA NAKAI; LA FRANCE PEAR; BARTLETT PEARS; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; RIPENING CAPACITY; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; APPLE CULTIVARS; DANJOU PEARS; FRUIT; ACID AB Effects of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-propionic acid (2,4-DP) on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and oxidase gene expression in 'La France' and aroma production in 'Bartlett' pears (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated. In non-stored, non-treated 'La France' fruit, the accumulation of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) transcripts was not observed. In 2,4-DP treated 'La France' fruit, the level of mRNAs hybridized with ACS4 probe increased strongly while ACS1, ACS3, and ACO1 mRNA levels were similar between 2,4-DP treated fruit and stored non-treated fruit. The result indicates that ACS4 may be an ACC synthase gene which is induced by auxin in pears. Thirty-eight volatile compounds were detected from 'Bartlett' pears. The composition and amount of aroma volatiles were similar between 2,4-DP treated fruit and stored non-treated fruit. Esters were the most prevalent compounds and butyl-, ethyl-, and hexyl acetate were produced in the largest amounts. In non-stored, non-treated fruit, aldehydes constituted a high percentage of the total volatiles detected, although the amount of total volatiles detected was relatively low. Internal browning in 2,4-DP treated 'Bartlett' fruit developed on the tree within 30 days of application. Possible effects of pre-harvest ethylene, carbon dioxide, and temperatures, are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Prefectural Univ Hiroshima, Grad Sch Comprehens Sci Res, Hiroshima 7270023, Japan. Yamagata Prefectural Hort Expt Stn, Yamagata 9910043, Japan. Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Grape & Persimmon Res, Hiroshima 7292494, Japan. ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Kondo, S (reprint author), Prefectural Univ Hiroshima, Grad Sch Comprehens Sci Res, Hiroshima 7270023, Japan. EM s-kondo@pu-hiroshima.ac.jp NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.03.004 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 056CQ UT WOS:000238499100004 ER PT J AU Klotz, KL Finger, FL Anderson, MD AF Klotz, KL Finger, FL Anderson, MD TI Wounding increases glycolytic but not soluble sucrolytic activities in stored sugarbeet root SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid invertase; alkaline invertase; Beta vulgaris; fructokinase; hexokinase; phosphofructokinase; pyruvate kinase; sucrose synthase; wounding ID STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; INVERTASE; ENZYMES; TUBERS; INJURY AB The wounding of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots by harvesting and piling operations increases the demand for sucrolytic and glycolytic products for wound-healing processes. To determine if sucrolytic and glycolytic enzyme activities increase to meet this demand and to identify those activities that may be induced, the activities of the major sucrolytic enzymes and the major regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were determined in wounded and unwounded sugarbeet roots during 13 days of storage at 10 degrees C. Activities of the enzymes responsible for catalysis of the first two reactions of the glycolytic pathway, hexokinase, fructokinase and phosphofructokinase, were elevated in wounded roots. Activities of the sucrolytic enzymes, sucrose synthase, alkaline invertase, and soluble acid invertase, and the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, did not increase in wounded roots. The activities of the early glycolytic enzymes peaked 24-48 h after wounding when the demand for substrates for wound-healing processes was expected to be maximal. Fructokinase exhibited the greatest and most persistent increase in activity, increasing by 150%, 24 h after wounding and remaining elevated for the duration of the study. The increase in hexokinase, fructokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities suggests that expression of these early glycolytic enzymes may be up-regulated to meet the demand for glycolytic intermediates and products for wound-healing processes. The lack of an increase in any sucrolytic activities in response to wounding suggests that sucrolytic flux is not determined by the quantity of active protein present in the root, but by some undetermined mechanism. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecn, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM klotzk@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.10.019 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 056CQ UT WOS:000238499100007 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Moore, RW Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Woodward, CL Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF McReynolds, JL Moore, RW Kubena, LF Byrd, JA Woodward, CL Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Effect of various combinations of alfalfa and standard layer diet on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella Enteritidis during forced molt SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molting; Salmonella; chicken; alfalfa; alternative diet ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; CECAL BACTERIA; BROILER CHICKS; UNITED-STATES; EGG INDUSTRY; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; INVASION AB Feed deprivation is commonly used by the poultry industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles. However, feed deprivation has been observed experimentally to increase susceptibility of poultry to Salmonella infections. Previous studies indicated that alfalfa was efficacious in reducing Salmonella; the present investigation was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combined alfalfa and layer diets on Salmonella colonization. Leghorn hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 12 groups of hens and placed in individual laying cages. One week prior to dietary changes, hens were put on an 8L:16D photoperiod that continued for the 9-d experiment. Hens were challenged orally with 104 cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) on d 4 of treatment and cultured for SE at the termination of the 9-d study. Two independent experiments were conducted consisting of the following treatment groups: nonfed hens, full-fed standard commercial layer diet, 100% alfalfa meal diet, a 90% alfalfa meal/10% standard commercial layer diet, and a 70% alfalfa meal/30% standard commercial layer diet. When evaluating SE colonization in the ceca (Exp. 1), a reduction (P < 0.05) was seen in the 100% alfalfa meal diet and the 70% alfalfa meal/30% standard commercial layer diet treatment groups when compared with the controls with Log(10) values of 0.54, 0.44, and 2.82, respectively. Evaluation of physiological parameters showed the alfalfa treatment groups had reductions (P < 0.05) in weight loss, ovary weight, and feed consumption when compared with the full-fed standard commercial layer diet hens, and these results were comparable with the nonfed hens. In Exp. 2, all of the treatment groups had a reduction (P < 0.05) in SE colonization of the ceca when compared with the controls. There were also similar physiological reductions in weight loss, ovary weight, and feed consumption when birds were fed the alfalfa diets in Exp. 2. These data suggest that alfalfa can potentially be combined with layer ration to limit SE infection and still induce a molt comparable with feed withdrawal. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1128 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500001 PM 16830850 ER PT J AU Line, JE AF Line, JE TI Influence of relative humidity on transmission of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humidity; Campylobacter jejuni; broiler chicken ID WATER ACTIVITY; SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; LITTER; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLOCKS; SPP.; SURVIVAL; AMMONIA AB Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni among broiler chickens has been documented; however, the influence of RH on transmission rates is an important factor that has not been extensively studied. The purpose of our experiments was to determine the rate of C. jejuni colonization among groups of broilers raised in microbiological isolation under high (approximately 80%) and low (approximately 30%) RH conditions. Day-of-hatch chicks (n = 100 per group) were placed on wood shavings in high and low humidity-controlled pens and challenged with C. jejuni by introducing 2 seeder birds orally inoculated with C. jejuni into each group. The rate of colonization was monitored by analyzing ceca from 10 chicks from each group at d 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. After 3 wk, the remaining chickens were removed, and 100 newly hatched chicks were placed on the contaminated litter. A second trial was conducted with the litter as the only inoculum source. Trials were repeated in this manner with the time between removing birds and placing newly hatched chicks on the litter extended to 6 h, 24 h, and 1 wk. Significant differences in Campylobacter colonization rates were observed between chickens raised under the high and low RH conditions. A delay in colonization was observed in birds raised under the low RH conditions, which increased with the increased time between removal of birds and placement of newly hatched chicks. These experiments demonstrate the importance of humidity in the transmission of Campylobacter from litter, and they could lead to practical applications to help reduce Campylobacter colonization in broilers. C1 USDA ARS, Russian Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russian Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM eline@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1145 EP 1150 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500004 PM 16830853 ER PT J AU Sun, JM Richards, MP Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP Coon, CN AF Sun, JM Richards, MP Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP Coon, CN TI The relationship of body composition, feed intake, and metabolic hormones for broiler breeder females SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body composition; feed intake; metabolic hormone; broiler breeder ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; DIETARY-PROTEIN INTAKE; EGG-PRODUCTION; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; FOOD RESTRICTION; AD-LIBITUM AB Three hundred twenty Cobb 500 broiler breeder pullets at 21 wk of age were selected from a flock fed according to Cobb Breeder Management Guide specifications. One hundred sixty pullets at 21 wk of age were switched to ad libitum feeding, and the remaining 160 pullets continued to be control-fed. The pullets were photostimulated at 22 wk and maintained until 36.5 wk. Plasma samples were obtained, BW was determined, and hens were killed for determination of body composition at the following periods: 24 h prior to photostimulation, 2.5 wk after photostimulation, 24 h after first egg, and 36.5 wk following peak egg production. Compared with ad libitum-fed breeders, the restricted breeders had a higher percentage carcass protein and lower percentage carcass fat at all sampling periods. Total egg numbers were greater, and abnormal eggs were less for the restricted pullets compared with the ad libitum-fed pullets at 36.5 wk. Carcass percentage fat of ad libitum-fed pullets was positively related to plasma glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) , and 17 beta-estradiol but negatively related to plasma insulin, insulin/glucagon M ratio, insulin-likegrowth factor-I (IGF-I) , thyroxine (T-4) , and triiodothyronine (T-3). Carcass percentage fat of feed-restricted pullets was negatively related to IGF-I, IGF-II, and T-4. The T-4 was the most important hormone for predicting the percentage carcass fat in ad libitum-fed pullets, and IGF-I was the most important hormone for predicting the percentage carcass fat in feed-restricted pullets. The percentage carcass protein for ad libitum-fed breeders was positively correlated to IGF-I, T-4, T-3, insulin/glucagon M ratio, and insulin. Carcass percentage protein for feed-restricted breeders was positively correlated to IGF-I, IGF-II, T-4, and glucagon. Stepwise regressions for predicting percentage carcass protein for breeders fed by both systems shows that T-3 and IGF-I concentrations were the most important for ad libitum-fed breeders, whereas IGF-II and T-4 were best for feed-restricted breeders. The hormone status of breeders may be a key indicator to help predict the body composition and thus support management decisions for maintaining optimum production. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Browth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Coon, CN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ccoon@uark.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1184 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500008 PM 16830857 ER PT J AU Angel, R Saylor, WW Mitchell, AD Powers, W Applegate, TJ AF Angel, R Saylor, WW Mitchell, AD Powers, W Applegate, TJ TI Effect of dietary phosphorus, phytase, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on broiler chicken bone mineralization, litter phosphorus, and processing yields SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonphytin phosphorus; phytase; bone mineralization; processing plant; litter phosphorus ID BODY-COMPOSITION ANALYSIS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; NONPHYTATE PHOSPHORUS; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENT; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHATE AB Three floor pen experiments (Exp) were conducted to evaluate low nonphytin P (NPP) concentrations and the NPP sparing effect of phytase (PHY) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25D) on bone mineralization, bone breaking during commercial processing, litter P, and water-soluble P (WSP) concentrations. Tested treatments (TRT) were control, National Research Council NPP; University of Maryland (UMD) NPP; UMD + PHY, UMD NPP reduced by 0.064% NPP + 600 U of PHY/kg; UMD + PHY + 25D, UMD NPP reduced by 0.090% NPP + 600 U of PHY and 70 mu g of 25D/kg; control + PHY mimicked the industry practice of diets by 0.1% when PHY is added; and negative control with 90% UMD NPP concentrations. UMD + PHY and control + PHY diets contained 600 U of PHY/kg, and UMD + PHY + 25D contained 600 U of PHY + 70 mu g of 25D/kg. Performance results were presented separately. After each Exp, litter P and WSP were determined, and bone measurements were obtained on 8 or 10 broilers per pen. Tested TRT did not affect broiler BW. Femur ash weight of broilers fed the UMD and UMD + PHY + 25D was lower in all Exp compared with that of broilers fed the control diet. Femur ash was similar for control and UMD + PHY broilers, yet averaged over all Exp, UMD + PHY broilers consumed 39% less NPP and required less NPP per gram of femur ash than those on the control (4.87 and 7.77 g of NPP/g of ash, Exp 3). At the end of Exp 3, broilers were processed in a commercial facility. Despite reductions in NPP intake and bone mineralization, no differences were observed in measurements of economic importance (parts lost, carcass yield, and incidence of broken bones). The P excretion per bird was lowest for birds fed the UMD + PHY + 25D diet followed by those fed the UMD + PHY and negative control diets (10.44, 12.00, and 13.78 g of P/bird, respectively) and were highest for those fed the control diet (19.55 g of P/bird). These results suggest that feeding diets low in P together with PHY and 25D will not affect performance or increase losses at processing while resulting in improved P retention and reductions in P and WSP excreted. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Angel, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rangel@umd.edu OI Applegate, Todd/0000-0002-2406-5058 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1200 EP 1211 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500011 PM 16830860 ER PT J AU Olanrewaju, HA Wongpichet, S Thaxton, JP Dozier, WA Branton, SL AF Olanrewaju, HA Wongpichet, S Thaxton, JP Dozier, WA Branton, SL TI Stress and acid-base balance in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acid-base balance; stress; adrenocorticotropic hormone; broiler ID DIETARY ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; BROILER-CHICKENS; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PLASMA ELECTROLYTES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; 100-PERCENT OXYGEN AB Two trials were conducted to study the effects of continuous infusion of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH) on acid-base balance in broiler chickens. Osmotic pumps delivered 8 IU of ACTH in saline/kg of BW/d for 7 d or the same saline volume as used in ACTH at 1 mu L/h for 7 d. Blood samples were taken on d 0 ( baseline values) and on d 4, 7, and 14 after onset of the infusions. The ACTH treatment increased the hematocrit, partial pressure of CO2, anion gap, corticosterone, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, the blood concentrations of hemoglobin and HCO3-, and reduced the partial pressure of O-2, plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl-. Blood pH values and plasma concentrations of Ca2+ were unaffected by ACTH treatment. The ACTH infusion also resulted in a significant increase in plasma glucose, cholesterone, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride. There were no differences in any of the blood constituents measured from control groups. Results indicate that infusion of ACTH resulted in changes in plasma acid-base status along with changes in other blood metabolic variables. However, the ACTH treatment did not prevent homeostatic regulation of acid-base balance, as indicated by constant blood pH. There was, however, an increased need for O-2 to support gluconeogenic energy production; the birds responded by increased erythropoiesis. This adaptive response provided greater numbers of erythrocytes and thus a higher amount of circulating hemoglobin to deliver O-2 for metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Olanrewaju, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM holanrewaju@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1266 EP 1274 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500019 PM 16830868 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Fairchild, BD AF Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Fairchild, BD TI Incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs in broilers, broiler breeder roosters, white leghorn hens, and Athens-Canadian randombred control broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE unabsorbed yolk; broiler; broiler breeder; Leghorn hen; Athens-Canadian randombred control broiler ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; HATCHED CHICKENS; YOUNG CHICKENS; INFECTION; DIVERTICULUM; RESORPTION AB Unabsorbed yolk sacs are being investigated as a possible reservoir for internal Campylobacter and salmonellae contamination of processed poultry carcasses. However, it is unknown at what frequency that unabsorbed yolk sacs persist at the time of processing of broilers and spent breeders. Seven sets of 100 broiler carcasses ( at 6 or 8 wk of age) were obtained from commercial processing plants. In addition, 100 52-wk-old broiler breeder males, 100 102-wk-old Leghorn hens, and 300 8-wk-old Athens-Canadian randombred control (ACRBC) broilers were euthanized, and their abdominal cavities were opened for determination of the presence of unabsorbed yolk sacs. Carcasses with obliterated yolk stalks or stalks with no detectable yolk material were categorized as normal. Those with unabsorbed yolk sacs were further separated into 2 groups: 1) attached by the yolk stalk to the small intestine or 2) unattached within the abdominal cavity. Yolk sacs were further classified by size: 1) small was < 2 mm in diameter, 2) medium was 2 to 10 mm, and 3) large was > 10 mm. From the 300 commercial broiler carcasses that were 6 wk old, 54% were categorized as normal with no detectable yolk sac, 35% had an unabsorbed yolk sac attached to the yolk stalk, and 12% had unattached yolk sacs. From the 400 commercial broiler carcasses that were 8 wk old, 49% of the carcasses were normal, 31% had attached unabsorbed yolk sacs, and 20% had unattached yolk sacs. From the 100 rooster carcasses sampled, 73% were normal, 8% had attached unabsorbed yolk sacs, and 19% had unattached yolk sacs. From the 100 White Leghorn hen carcasses sampled, 88% were normal, 8% had attached unabsorbed yolk sacs, and 4% were unattached yolk sacs. From the 300 ACRBC carcasses sampled, 76% were normal, 4% had attached unabsorbed yolk sacs, and 20% were unattached yolk sacs. The incidence of unabsorbed yolk sacs in present day commercial broilers appears twice as high as for mature roosters, hens, or ACRBC broilers. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Pultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Pultry Microbiol Safety Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jbuhr@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1294 EP 1297 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 054OE UT WOS:000238386500022 PM 16830871 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Further new genus-group names in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafboppers; Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; new genus; sandal spike vector AB New replacement names are proposed for 11 genera or subgenera of leafhoppers in the subfamilies Coelidiinae, Ledrinae, Macropsinae, Scarinae, Typhlocybinae, and Ulopinae: Davduospina for Duospina Davies, Dialodia for Lodia Nielson, Doowella for Woodella Evans, Hobemanella for Bohemanella DeLong & Freytag (subgenus of Polana), Latycephala for Platycephala, Lesinda for Selinda Theron, Lonnia for Nollia Hamilton, Negoneura for Genoneura Dlabola, Olidiana for Lodiana Nielson, Ruana for Urana Coelho & Nessimian (subgenus of Gypona), and Varpulana for Parvulana DeLong & Freytag (subgenus of Polana). The new generic names circumscribe 116 valid species, 93 of which are here proposed in new combinations. Twenty-two of the remainder are in preoccupied scarine subgenera. Lodiana pectinata Yang & Zhang (1995) is preoccupied by L. pectinata Nielson (1982)-the new replacement name Olidiana yangi McKamey is proposed to replace the junior primary homonym. One of the new combinations involves a known vector of phytopathogens, the sandal leafbopper (now Ofidiana indica [Walker]). The spellings of Humpatagallia Linnavuori & Viraktamath (Agalliinae) and Limassolla Dlabola (Typhlocybinae) are fixed as correct. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 502 EP 510 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800002 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Two new species of the neotropical leafhopper genus Caldwelliola Young (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) with a key to males SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cicadellinae; coffee leaf scorch; Xylella; Honduras; Ecuador; Hortensia; Chlorogonalia AB Two new species of Caldwelliola- are described, C. sinuata from Honduras and C trilineata, from Ecuador, bringing the current total valid species in the genus to eleven. A key to males of all-species is presented. The species C bipunctata Nielson and Godoy, 1995, is placed in-synonymy under C lutea Signoret, 1855, n. syn. One species, C caucana, Young' has been implicated- as a likely vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells, which causes the "crespera" disease, coffee leaf scorch, in Colombia and elsewhere, in the Neotropical Region. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 534 EP 542 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800006 ER PT J AU Foottit, RG Halbert, SE Miller, GL Maw, E Russell, LM AF Foottit, Robert G. Halbert, Susan E. Miller, Gary L. Maw, Eric Russell, Louise M. TI Adventive aphids (Hemiptera : Aphididae) of America North of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE Aphidoidea; plant lice; plant pathogens; invasive species; biological control; quarantine; agriculture; forestry; horticulture; ornamentals; fruit trees ID PLANT-LOUSE NOTES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; US AGRICULTURE; FAMILY APHIDIDAE; GENUS; CALIFORNIA; RECORDS; THREAT; IDAHO AB We provide a compilation of 262 species of aphids that are considered as adventive to North America north of Mexico. Included for each species, where applicable, is reference to: the location and date of introduction of the first North American record; pest status in North America; principal economic hosts; and biogeographical origin. Information is also provided for species whose presence in North America is considered erroneous or questionable and for those species that are considered Holarctic or Beringian. C1 Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Foottit, RG (reprint author), Canadian Natl Collect Insects, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM foottitrg@agr.gc.ca; halbers@doacs.state.fl.us; gmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov; mawe@agr.gc.ca NR 174 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 583 EP 610 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800012 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Review of the neotropical leafhopper genus Chlorogonalia (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Cicadellinae), with notes on the genus Caldwelliola SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE Cicadellidae; Xylella fastidiosa; vector; crespera; coffee AB Chlorogonalia Young, 1977, and Caldwelliola Young, 1977, are superficially very similar genera that may not be closely related genera within the tribe Cicadellini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Two species, Chlorogonalia ultima Young and Caldwelliola reservata (Fowler), are particularly similar phenotypically and are sympatric in Ecuador (new country record for C reservata). New diagnostic features are given for both genera; two of these features can be assessed in undissected specimens. Caldivelliola tharma (Young) is proposed as a new combination (from Chlorogonalia). Species of both genera are possible vectors of the bacterium Xylella jastidiosa in coffee; Caldwelliola caucana has been directly implicated as a vector of the crespera disease in Colombia. An illustrated key is included to distinguish the four known species of Chlorogonalia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800013 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Tewarius Reinert, a new genus of Aedini (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE mosquito; diptera; Culicidae; Aedini; Tewarius; new genus AB A new genus, Tewarius Reinert, is described in tribe Aedini and the primary diagnostic characters of females, female genitalia, males, male genitalia, pupae, and fourth-instar larvae are provided. Four species are included in the genus: Tewarius agastyai (Tewari and Hiriyan) (type species), Te. nummatus (Edwards), Te. pseudoniniunattis (Reinert), and Te. reubenae (Tewari and Hiriyan). Two species groups are designated, the Agastyai and Nummatus Groups. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800015 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI New combinations in sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Cicadellinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; Caribovia; taxonomy AB Nine species-group name changes in Cicadellinae are proposed so that all species in the subfamily can be listed in a single classification that is aligned with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Bothrogonia tangmaiana Yang and Li and Mareba panamensis Young are fixed as the correct original spellings. Five new combinations are proposed: Hadria alayoi and H. zayasi (Dlabola and Novoa), Caribovia intensa nigrinervis (Schroder), and Cicadella viridis suffusa (Salmon), and C. intermedia (Rao). The combination Cardioscarta flavifrons transversa Melichar is reinstated. Diedrocephala bimaculata (Gmelin) is reinstated as the valid name for the species of the genus most often cited in literature and collections as D. variegata (Fabricius). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smckamey@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 672 EP 676 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800020 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Types and voucher specimens of New World Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Ststemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ststemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 732 EP 733 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800026 ER PT J AU Arikan, OA Sikora, LJ Mulbry, W Khan, SU Rice, C Foster, GD AF Arikan, OA Sikora, LJ Mulbry, W Khan, SU Rice, C Foster, GD TI The fate and effect of oxytetracycline during the anaerobic digestion of manure from therapeutically treated calves SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oxytetracycline; anaerobic digestion; manure; antibiotic; fate; inhibition ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LC-MS-MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHANE PRODUCTION; TETRACYCLINE; WASTE; ANTIBIOTICS; WATER; DEGRADATION; LAGOONS AB The fate of antibiotic residues in the manure of treated animals is of considerable concern because of the potential development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment and because of the effect of these residues on manure treatment systems. The objective of this study was to determine the fate, and effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) during the anaerobic digestion of manure from medicated calves. Five beef calves were medicated for 5 days with 22 mg/kg/day of OTC. Manure samples collected from calves prior to and after medication were diluted five-fold with water, loaded into replicate 1.21 anaerobic digesters and incubated at 35 degrees C. OTC levels in the manure slurry decreased from 9.8 +/- 0.1 to 4.1 +/- 0.1 mg/l in 64 days (59% removal) yielding a calculated value half-life for OTC of 56 days. Levels of the OTC epimer 4-epi-oxytetracycline increased gradually from 0.55 +/- 0.03 mg/l at the start of experiment to 1.3 +/- 0.1 mg/l on day 27 and then decreased to 0.84 +/- 0.04 mg/l on day 64. Levels of two other OTC metabolites (u-apo-oxytetracycline and P-apo-oxytetracycline) decreased or remained unchanged during the anaerobic digestion process. Cumulative biogas production was 27% lower from digesters containing manure from medicated calves relative to that from digesters containing unmedicated manure. However, the presence of OTC did not show other negative effects on process stability as there were no significant differences in biogas methane content or in reductions of volatile solids and soluble organic carbon. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Arikan, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arikano@ba.ars.usda.gov RI ARIKAN, OSMAN/F-1193-2015 NR 31 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 12 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1637 EP 1643 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.03.010 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 052MJ UT WOS:000238237500024 ER PT J AU Sood, SM Lekic, T Jhawar, H Farrell, HM Slattery, CW AF Sood, Satish M. Lekic, Tim Jhawar, Harbir Farrell, Harold M., Jr. Slattery, Charles W. TI Reconstituted micelle formation using reduced, carboxymethylated bovine kappa-casein and human beta-casein SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amyloid fibrils; colloidal calcium phosphate; human beta-caseins; reconstituted milk micelle formation; reduced, carboxymethylated kappa-casein ID MATURE HUMAN-MILK; K-CASEIN; SELF-ASSOCIATION; FIBRIL FORMATION; MAJOR COMPONENT; PROTEINS; DISEASE; AGGREGATION; SUSPENSION; SYSTEMS AB In milk, kappa-casein, a mixture of disulfide-bonded polymers, stabilizes and regulates the size of the unique colloidal complex of protein, Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate (P-i) termed the casein (CN) micelle. However, reduced, carboxymethylated bovine kappa-CN (RCM-kappa) forms. brils at 37 degrees C and its micelle-forming ability is in question. Here, the doubly- and quadruply-phosphorylated human beta-CN forms and 1:1 (wt:wt) mixtures were combined with RCM-kappa at different. erent beta/kappa weight ratios. Turbidity (OD400 nm) and a lack of precipitation up to 37 degrees C were used as an index of micelle formation. Studies were with 0, 5 and 10 mM Ca2+ and 4 and 8 mM P-i. The RCM-kappa does form concentration- dependent micelles. Also, beta-CN phosphorylation level in. uences micelle formation. Complexes were low- temperature reversible and RCM-kappa. brils were seen. There appears to be equilibrium between. brillar and soluble forms since the solution still stabilized after. bril removal. The RCM-kappa stabilized better than native bovine kappa-CN. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Div Biochem, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sood, SM (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Div Biochem, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. EM ssood@llu.edu NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10930-006-9022-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 093IV UT WOS:000241162900006 PM 16947075 ER PT J AU Padliya, ND Cooper, B AF Padliya, Neerav D. Cooper, Bret TI Mass spectrometry-based proteornics for the detection of plant pathogens SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE pathogen detection; plant pathology; protein biomarker; protein identification ID SPECIES PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; LARGE-SCALE PROTEOMICS; SPECTRAL LIBRARY; COAT PROTEIN; BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; VIRUS-INFECTION; MOSAIC-VIRUS; XYLEM SAP AB Plant diseases caused by fungi, oomycetes, viruses, and bacteria are devastating both to the economy and to the food supply of a nation. Therefore, the development of new, rapid methods to identify these pathogens is a highly important area of research that is of international concern. MS-based proteomics has become a powerful and increasingly popular approach to not only identify these pathogens, but also to better understand their biology. However, there is a distinction between identifying a pathogen protein and identifying a pathogen based upon the detection of one of its proteins and this must be considered before the general application of M S for plant pathogen detection is made. There has been a recent push in the proteomics community to make data from large-scale proteomics experiments publicly available in the form of a centralized repository. Such a resource could enable the use of MS as a universal plant pathogen detection technology. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cooperb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 14 BP 4069 EP 4075 DI 10.1002/pmic.200600146 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 068FR UT WOS:000239358600010 PM 16791831 ER PT J AU Hunter, RD Panyushkina, IP Leavitt, SW Wiedenhoeft, AC Zawiskie, J AF Hunter, RD Panyushkina, IP Leavitt, SW Wiedenhoeft, AC Zawiskie, J TI A multiproxy environmental investigation of Holocene wood from a submerged conifer forest in Lake Huron, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Stanley; tree rings; stable isotopes; Lake Huron; Holocene; lake levels; Thuja ID TREE-RING CELLULOSE; AGE CALIBRATION; ISOTOPE RATIOS; OXYGEN; HYDROGEN; MICHIGAN; O-18; DEUTERIUM; DYNAMICS; RECORD AB Remains of a Holocene drowned forest in southern Lake Huron discovered in 12.5 m of water (164 m above sea level), 4.5 km east of Lexington, Michigan USA (Sanilac site), provided wood to investigate environment and lake history using several proxies. Macrofossil evidence indicates a forest comprised primarily of conifers equivalent to the modem "rich conifer swamp" community, despite generally low regional abundance of these species in pollen records. Ages range from 7095 +/- 50 to 6420 +/- 70 C-14 yr BP, but the clustering of stump dates and the development of 2 floating tree-ring chronologies suggest a briefer forest interval of no more than c. 400 years. Dendrochronological analysis indicates an environment with high inter-annual climate variability. Stable-carbon isotope composition falls within the range of modem trees from this region, but the stable-oxygen composition is consistent with wanner conditions than today. Both our tree-ring and isotope data provide support for a warmer environment in this region, consistent with a mid-Holocene thermal maximum. This drowned forest also provides a dated elevation in the Nipissing transgression at about 6420 C-14 yr BP (7350 cal yr BP) in the southern Lake Huron basin, a few hundred years before reopening of the St. Clair River drainage. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Cranbrook Inst Sci, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48303 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Hunter, RD (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM hunter@oakland.edu NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.008 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 058UP UT WOS:000238690400006 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Boyd, G AF Sommers, Christopher H. Boyd, Glenn TI Variations in the radiation sensitivity of foodborne pathogens associated with complex ready-to-eat food products SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gamma; ionizing; irradiation; sandwiches; complex; ready-to-eat ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SANDWICHES; SURVIVAL; RECOVERABILITY; FRANKFURTERS; ELIMINATION; QUALITY; TURKEY; MEAL AB Foodborne illness outbreaks and product recalls are occasionally associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) sandwiches and other "heat and eat" multi-component RTE products. Ionizing radiation can inactivate foodborne pathogens on meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, seafood, and RTE meat products. However, less data are available on the ability of low-dose ionizing radiation, doses under 5 kGy typically used for pasteurization purposes, to inactivate pathogenic bacteria on complex multi-component food products. In this study, the efficacy of ionizing radiation to inactivate Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Yersinia enterocolitica on RTE foods including a "frankfurter on a roll", a "beef cheeseburger on a bun" and a "vegetarian cheeseburger on a bun" was investigated. The average D-10 values, the radiation dose needed to inactivate 1 log(10) of pathogen, by bacterium species, were 0.61, 0.54, 0.47, 0.36 and 0.15 kGy for Salmonella spp., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E coli O157:H7. and Y. enterocolitica, respectively when inoculated onto the three product types. These results indicate that irradiation may be an effective means for inactivating common foodborne pathogens including Salmonella spp, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and Y enterocolitica in complex RTE food products such as 'heat and eat" sandwich products. C1 Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 7 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 050KP UT WOS:000238086600008 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Mariotto, I Havstad, KM Murray, LW AF Peters, Debra P. C. Mariotto, Isabella Havstad, Kris M. Murray, Leigh W. TI Spatial variation in remnant grasses after a grassland-to-shrubland state change: Implications for restoration SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua eriopoda; Larrea tridentata; Flourensia cernua; perennial grasslands; shrub invasion ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT VEGETATION; LAGOMORPH EXCLUSION; UNITED-STATES; DESERTIFICATION; SOUTHWEST; LANDSCAPES; DYNAMICS AB Around the world rangelands that have been degraded, such as historical desert grasslands now dominated by woody shrubs, are resistant to restoration efforts. The goal of this descriptive research was to examine the potential for black grama(Bouteloua eriopoda [Torr.] Torr.) recovery by remnant plants in a degraded area as a function of plant location across a landscape. Our objectives were 1) to document the historical dominant vegetation as a perennial grassland and determine broad-scale changes in dominance through time and 2) to examine fine-scale patterns of black grama presence and basal area with respect to microenvironmental conditions that indicate the landscape positions favorable for restoration. Historical vegetation maps starting in 1858, a field survey in 2002-2003 of the location of all individual black grama plants in a 29-ha area, and spatial data layers in a geographic information system were used to address these objectives. Upland grasses, including black grama, dominated the study site in 1858, although tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) was the dominant species by 1915, and creosotebush (Larrea tridentata [DC.] Cov.) is the current dominant. A total of 3 334 black grama plants were found for an average density of 0.01 plants . m(-2). High spatial variation was found in the occurrence and basal area of black grama plants that was related to water availability rather than livestock grazing: most plants were found in or adjacent to an arroyo (67%), at a northern aspect (47%), and outside experimental exclosures established in 1930 (43%). Largest average basal areas were found in the livestock exclosure, and in general, average basal area was not related with aspect or canopy microsite. These remnant plants can be used as propagule sources in restoration efforts, and information on microsite conditions for black grama survival can be used to improve restoration potential for similar sites. C1 New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.2111/05-202R1.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300001 ER PT J AU Stephenson, TR Van Ballenberghe, V Peek, JM MacCracken, JG AF Stephenson, Thomas R. Van Ballenberghe, Victor Peek, James M. MacCracken, James G. TI Spatio-temporal constraints on moose habitat and carrying capacity in coastal Alaska: Vegetation succession and climate SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; habitat selection; landscape heterogeneity; Markov chain; winter severity ID COPPER-RIVER-DELTA; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; ALCES-ALCES; PLANT SUCCESSION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CANIS-LUPUS; MULE DEER; MECHANISMS; FLOODPLAIN AB We used a geographic information system and a Markov chain analysis to model vegetation succession on the Copper River Delta, Alaska, relative to moose (Alces alces) habitat availability and nutritional carrying capacity. Between 1959 and 1986 vegetation predominantly shifted from pioneer to later successional communities as a result of glacial retreat and earthquake uplift. Hypothesized vectors of vegetation composition in future decades indicate a trend toward an increase in late-successional communities. A decline in glacier-related disturbance has reduced the level of retrogression that maintains early successional communities in the outwash plain. In addition, landscape heterogeneity increased significantly between 1959 and 1986, particularly in the uplifted marsh. Winter severity was highly variable among years and was correlated with a shift in the location of moose wintering areas. As winter severity increased, there was increased use of the glacial outwash plain landform and its associated plant communities. Successional modeling suggests a decline in the availability of vegetation types important to moose during severe winters with deep snow. Low willow (Salix spp.) communities are expanding in the uplifted marsh, a landform used primarily during summer and mild winters. However, tall willow communities that provide winter forage are declining and are being replaced by Sitka spruce (Picea sitcbensis [Bong] Carr) forest in the glacial outwash plain. Consequently, nutritional carrying capacity of moose on the outwash plain during winter will decline by 42% during 1959-2013. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Longview Fiber Co, Timber Dept, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Stephenson, TR (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program, 407 W Line St, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. EM tstephenson@dfg.ca.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.2111/04-063.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300003 ER PT J AU Long, JW Medina, AL AF Long, Jonathan W. Medina, Alvin L. TI Consequences of ignoring geologic variation in evaluating grazing impacts SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Apache trout; fish habitat; riparian areas; livestock grazing; landscape analysis; lithology ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; HABITAT; TROUT; OREGON; SIZE; FISH AB The geologic diversity of landforms in the Southwest complicates efforts to evaluate impacts of land uses such as livestock grazing. We examined a research study that evaluated relationships between trout biomass and stream habitat in the White Mountains of east-central Arizona. That study interpreted results of stepwise regressions and a nonparametric test of "grazed and ungrazed meadow reaches" as evidence that livestock grazing was the most important factor to consider in the recovery of the Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache Miller). That study had assumed that geologic variation was insignificant in the study area. However, lithologic and topographic differences between the felsic slopes of Mount Baldy and adjacent mafic plateaus influence many attributes of trout habitat. We tested the robustness of the earlier study by using its dataset and its method of stepwise regression, but with the addition of a variable representing geologic variation. The results suggested that geology was a highly significant predictor of trout biomass (P < 0.0001), whereas bank damage by ungulates was not a useful predictor of residual variation in trout biomass after accounting for geology (r(2) = 0.015, p = 0.290). However, the associations between natural variation and land use impacts in this spatial dataset confound attempts to make inferences concerning effects of livestock grazing upon trout. Despite fundamental problems in the analysis, the results of the earlier study were repeatedly cited in scientific literature and debates about grazing management. To fairly decipher relationships between ecological production and livestock grazing in diverse landscapes requires temporal studies with reliable methodologies and proper controls for landscape variation. Ignoring geologic variation has the potential to mislead conservation policies by inappropriately implicating land use, by undervaluing inherently favorable habitats, and by inflating expectations for inherently less favorable habitats. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Medina, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM almedina@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.2111/05-177R2.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300004 ER PT J AU Heitschmidt, RK Vermeire, LT AF Heitschmidt, R. K. Vermeire, L. T. TI Can abundant summer precipitation counter losses in herbage production caused by spring drought? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drought management; forage quality; grassland; primary production; northern Great Plains; soil water; species composition ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; DYNAMICS; PRAIRIE AB Drought is an inherent trait of most rangelands and sound management necessitates managers address two fundamental questions when facing a drought situation. The first question is, "what is the probability that a useful amount of precipitation will be received over the period of concern?" and the second question is, "if it does rain, what will the impact be in terms of quantity and quality of herbage produced?" The objective of this study was to address the second question. Our hypothesis was that herbage growth response to above normal summer precipitation (i.e., 2X in July and August) would be limited in the northern Great Plains because of a general absence of productive warm-season species. Study plots were twelve 5 X 10-m non-weighing lysimeters. Treatments were: 1) simulated (i.e., rainout shelter imposed), severe spring drought (i.e., 1 May - 1 July) followed by ambient precipitation thereafter; 2) simulated, severe spring drought followed by ambient precipitation thereafter plus summer irrigation (i.e., July and August); 3) ambient precipitation only; and 4) ambient precipitation plus summer irrigation. Results indicated substantial herbage production can be expected in this region during summer when precipitation is well above average because of the positive growth response of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. ex Griffiths), the dominant warm-season grass growing in this region. However, results also showed that level of production in the study situation (i.e., spring drought, wet summer) was only about 50% of that attained in a normal (i.e., wet spring/dry summer) year. Moreover, long-term weather data shows the probability of receiving 2X normal precipitation in both July and August (i.e., our irrigation treatments) is < 1%. Thus, although these rangelands possess the capacity to respond favorably to summer precipitation, the low probability of receiving substantial levels of summer precipitation ensures levels of ecological and economic risk remain high. C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Heitschmidt, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM rod@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 392 EP 399 DI 10.2111/05-164R2.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300006 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Ward, JP Herrick, JE Tugel, AJ AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Ward, Judy P. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Tugel, Arlene J. TI Fragmentation effects on soil aggregate stability in a patchy arid grassland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; infiltration; rangeland health; soil quality; state-and-transition model; threshold; two-phase mosaic ID RANGELAND HEALTH; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; VEGETATION PATCHES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; TRANSITION MODELS; ORGANIC-MATTER; EROSION; ECOSYSTEMS; THRESHOLDS; INDICATORS AB Soil aggregate stability (AS) has been promoted as a primary indicator of soil-surface function and a key metric in state-and-transition models. There are few studies, however, that relate indices of AS to the process of grassland degradation. In a Chihuahuan Desert rangeland, we measured variation in AS across vegetated-bare patch boundaries within six plot types reflecting a hypothesized fragmentation/transition sequence. We also examined wetting front depth and pH along this sequence. We found that AS exhibited consistent and interpretable variation across the patch boundaries of the different plot types. Average AS was highest in grass patches adjacent to small to medium-sized (0.5-1.5 in) bare patches and was low in grass patches adjacent to large (>3 m) bare patches. AS of bare ground was also lowest when bare patches in continuous grassland were large and when bare ground formed an interconnected matrix. Wetting depth after a large storm decreased and pH increased along the fragmentation sequence. The results suggest that AS has interpretable relationships with grassland fragmentation and transitions among states. Careful attention to patchiness within states and stratification, however, is important and simple classifications of strata, such as "bare interspace" and "plant," may not be sufficient to document variation in soil function. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA NRCS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.2111/05-180R1.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300008 ER PT J AU Przeszlowska, A Trlica, MJ Weltz, MA AF Przeszlowska, Agnieszka Trlica, Milton J. Weltz, Mark A. TI Near-ground remote sensing of green area index on the shortgrass prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE digital imagery; remote sensing; LAI; leaf area; laser point frame; multispectral radiometer ID VEGETATION INDEXES; SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS; RANGELANDS; GRASSLAND; REFLECTANCE; COLORADO; STEPPE; COVER; FRAME AB Accurate and efficient leaf area measurements of shortgrass prairie vegetation are difficult to obtain. Few studies have considered the green area index (GAI) as an approximation of the total area of photosynthetically active tissue per unit of ground area. The main objective of this study was to evaluate several near-ground remote sensing methods as reliable and cost efficient measures of GAI on the shortgrass prairie. GAI measured with a standard leaf area meter was compared to 1) spectral vegetation indices calculated from multispectral radiometer data, 2) GAI obtained from laser point-frame measurements, and 3) green cover estimates derived from digital camera images. All methods were assessed for accuracy, time, and cost efficiency. Data were collected in 2001 at the Central Plains Experimental Range in northern Colorado. The standard leaf area meter method was neither time nor cost efficient in comparison with the other methods evaluated in this study. The cost of GAI measurement with the traditional leaf area meter method ($225 per plot) was 20 times greater than GAI estimation with the multispectral radiometer ($11 per plot). Comparison of GAI obtained with the standard leaf area meter method with red-band reflectance index values (0.63-0.69 mu m) obtained with a portable multispectral radiometer resulted in the best model predictions (R-2 = 0.76, Akaike's information corrected criterion [AICC] = 182.9) and the most cost efficient method for GAI estimation. Green cover estimates from digital image analysis resulted in a good correlation with the leaf area meter GAI (R-2 = 0.72, AICC = 178.1). However, classification accuracies of digital images were decreased by limited spectral separability between green vegetation, brown vegetation, and soil background. Further calibration and refinement of near-ground remote sensing techniques for vegetation might establish these methods as efficient ground-truth alternatives to satellite-based remote-sensing applications of rangelands such as the shortgrass prairie. C1 Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Remote Sensing, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Przeszlowska, A (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM agnesp@lamar.colostate.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.2111/05-059R1.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300010 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Sheley, RL AF Rinella, Matthew J. Sheley, Roger L. TI Using light attenuation to estimate leafy spurge impacts on forage production SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; competition; invasive species; light interception; model; weed management ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA CONTROL; PREDICTING INVASIVE WEED; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; GRASS DYNAMICS; YIELD; RANGELAND; DENSITY; PLANTS; MODEL; COMMUNITIES AB Rangeland managers often must decide whether to suppress dicotyledonous weed populations with expensive and time-consuming management strategies. Often, the underlying goal of weed suppression efforts is to increase production of native forage plants. Many managers suppress weeds only when they feel the unwanted plants are substantially impacting their forage base. Currently, intuition and guesswork are used to determine whether weed impacts are severe enough to warrant action. We believe scientific impact assessments could be more effective than these casual approaches to decision making. Scientific approaches will necessitate data on weed abundances because the severity of a weed's impact is highly correlated with its abundance. The need for weed abundance data poses major obstacles because gathering these data with readily available techniques is time consuming. Most managers cannot or will not spend a lot of time gathering vegetation data. In this paper, we explore a rapidly measured index (<2 minutes per sample location) that is highly correlated with weed (i.e., leafy spurge Euphorbia esula L.) abundance per unit area. This index is based on the light attenuation leafy spurge causes. After measuring light attenuation in plots planted to leafy spurge and grasses, we developed a probabilistic model that predicts leafy spurge impacts on forage production. Data from experiments where herbicides suppressed leafy spurge provided an opportunity to evaluate prediction accuracy of the model. In each case herbicide experiment data fell within the range of values (i.e., credibility intervals) the model predicted, even though the model development experiments were separated from the herbicide experiments by several hundred kilometers in space and 4 years in time. Therefore, we conclude that the model successfully accounts for spatial and temporal variation. We believe light attenuation could help natural resource managers quickly quantify some kinds of weed impacts. C1 USDA ARS, LARRL, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, LARRL, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mrinella@larrl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.2111/05-128R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300011 ER PT J AU George, MR Barry, SJ Larson, SR McDougald, NK Ward, TA Harper, JM Dudley, DM Ingram, RS Laca, EA AF George, Melvin R. Barry, Sheila J. Larson, Stephanie R. McDougald, Neil K. Ward, Theresa A. Harper, John M. Dudley, Dennis M. Ingram, Roger S. Laca, Emilio A. TI Comparison of comparative yield and stubble height for estimating herbage standing crop in annual rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE double sampling; filaree; monitoring; residual dry matter ID RISING-PLATE METER; CAPACITANCE METER; WEIGHT-ESTIMATE; PASTURE; FORAGE; MASS; VEGETATION AB We compared calibration equations for estimating herbage standing crop (HSC) from comparative yield (CY) rank or stubble height (SH) to determine 1) if CY rank is a better estimator than SH of standing crop, 2) if addition of SH to CY rank will improve the estimation of standing crop, 3) if there is a seasonal effect on CY rank or SH, and 4) if botanical composition influences the prediction of HSC from CY. The results of this study indicate that CY is a slightly better predictor of HSC than is SH. Addition of SH to CY did not improve the prediction of HSC. Models that predict HSC from CY in summer were weaker than models for winter, early spring, and late spring. Thus the CY method can be used with confidence throughout the year. The presence of filaree (Erodium cicutarium L.) in winter and early spring resulted in steeper calibration equations than were present in nonfilaree quadrats. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Madera, CA 93637 USA. RP George, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mrgeorge@ucdavis.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 59 IS 4 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.2111/04-166R2.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 066ZB UT WOS:000239268300012 ER PT J AU Foster, J Kelly, R Rango, A Armstrong, R Erbe, EF Pooley, C Wergin, WP AF Foster, James Kelly, Richard Rango, Albert Armstrong, Richard Erbe, Eric F. Pooley, Christopher Wergin, William P. TI Use of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy to compare and characterize three classes of snow cover SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE snow crystal; snow cover; depth hoar; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy ID WATER EQUIVALENT; ICE CRYSTALS; MICROWAVE; AREA; METAMORPHISM; SUBLIMATION; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB This study, which uses low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM), systematically sampled and characterized snow crystals that were collected from three unique classes of snow cover: prairie, taiga, and alpine. These classes, which were defined in previous field studies, result from exposure to unique climatic variables relating to wind, precipitation, and air temperature. Snow samples were taken at 10 cm depth intervals from the walls of freshly excavated snow pits. The depth of the snow pits for the prairie, taiga, and alpine covers were 28, 81, and 110 cm, respectively. Visual examination revealed that the prairie snow cover consisted of two distinct layers whereas the taiga and alpine covers had four distinct layers. Visual measurements were able to establish the range of crystal sizes that occurred in each layer, the temperature within the pit, and the snow density. The LTSEM observations revealed the detailed structures of the types of crystals that occurred in the snow covers, and documented the metamorphosis that transpired in the descending layers. Briefly, the top layers from two of the snow covers consisted of freshly fallen snow crystals that could be readily distinguished as plates and columns (prairie) or graupel (taiga). Alternatively, the top layer in the alpine cover consisted of older dendritic crystal fragments that had undergone early metamorphosis, that is, they had lost their sharp edges and had begun to show signs of joining or bonding with neighboring crystals. A unique layer, known as sun crust, was found in the prairie snow cover; however, successive samplings from all three snow covers showed similar stages of metamorphism that led to the formation of depth hoar crystals. These changes included the gradual development of large, three-dimensional crystals having clearly defined flat faces, sharp edges, internal depressions, and facets. The study, which indicates that LTSEM can be used to enhance visual data by systematically characterizing snow crystals that are collected at remote locations, is important for understanding the physics of snowpacks and the metamorphosis that leads to potential avalanche situations. In addition, the metamorphosis of snow crystals must be considered when microwave radiometry is used to estimate the snow water equivalent in the winter snowpack, because large snow crystals more effectively scatter passive microwave radiation than small crystals. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wwergin@msn.com NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 191 EP 203 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 076JC UT WOS:000239952200001 PM 16898666 ER PT J AU Rogosic, J Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Grbesa, D AF Rogosic, J Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Grbesa, D TI Sheep and goat preference for and nutritional value of Mediterranean maquis shrubs SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean maquis; sheep; goats; shrub preference; nutritional value ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CONDENSED TANNINS; DAILY SUPPLEMENTATION; QUERCUS-CALLIPRINOS; CERATONIA-SILIQUA; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; DIET SELECTION; DIGESTION; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value, intake and preferences of sheep and goats for the dominant six shrubs of the holly oak maquis-type shrublands in Croatia. The experimental sheep (n = 12, mean weight 28.5 kg) were a local Croatian mixed breed. The experimental goats (n = 12, mean weight 13.4 kg) were a mixture of domestic goats crossed with Saanen and Alpine breeds. Sheep and goats differed (P < 0.01) in consumption of almost all of the shrubs. Goats had higher intakes (g/kg BW, P < 0.01) than sheep of each shrub except Quercus ilex. In Trial 1, shrub intake for goats ranged from 17.7 +/- 0.72 g/kg BW for Pistacia lentiscus to 33.1 +/- 1.40 g/kg B.W. for Erica multiflora. Goats ate more Arbutus unedo (P = 0.004; 19.9 g/kg versus 14.2 g/kg B.W., respectively); E. multiflora (33.1 g/kg versus 21.9 g/kg B.W., respectively) and Pistacia lenticus (17.2 g/kg versus 10.6 g/kg B.W., respectively) than did sheep. Goats ate twice as much Juniperus phoeniceae (P = 0.002) as did sheep (21.0 g/kg versus 10.9 g/kg BW), and also ate more Viburnum tinus (P = 0.02) than did sheep (22.6 g/kg versus 13.9 g/kg B.W.). There was a day x treatment interaction (P = 0.001), with goats eating more A. unedo, E. multiflora, J. phoeniceae, P. lenticus and V tinus than sheep. In Trial 2, the rank order of preference (highest to least) for goats were Q. itex, E. multiflora, V tinus, A. unedo, J. phoeniceae and P. lentiscus. The rank order by sheep was similar: Q. ilex, E. multiflora, V tinus, J. phoeniceae, P. lentiscus and A. unedo. Overall, goats ate 50.5 g/kg B.W. of shrubs per day, while sheep averaged 26.7 g/kg B.W. each day. Goats are better suited to graze Mediterranean maquis in terms of potential shrub use. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Practical Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Split 21000, Croatia. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Zagreb, Fac Agron, Dept Anim Nutr, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Rogosic, J (reprint author), Univ Practical Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Livanjska 5, Split 21000, Croatia. EM jozo@oss.unist.hr NR 74 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.017 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 055UB UT WOS:000238474900023 ER PT J AU Allison, SD Nielsen, C Hughes, RF AF Allison, Steven D. Nielsen, Caroline Hughes, R. Flint TI Elevated enzyme activities in soils under the invasive nitrogen-fixing tree Falcataria moluccana SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen fixation; extracellular enzyme; phosphorus; litter quality; bacteria; fungi; invasive species; acid phosphatase; decomposition; Hawaii ID HAWAIIAN LAVA FLOWS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; ALBIZIA-FACALTARIA; WOOD DECOMPOSITION; EUCALYPTUS-SALIGNA; ORGANIC-MATTER; MYRICA-FAYA AB Like other N-fixing invasive species in Hawaii, Falcataria moluccana dramatically alters forest structure, litterfall quality and quantity, and nutrient dynamics. We hypothesized that these biogeochernical changes would also affect the soil microbial community and the extracellular enzymes responsible for carbon and nutrient mineralization. Across three sites differing in substrate texture and age (50-300 years old), we measured soil enzyme activities and microbial community parameters in native-dominated and Falcataria-invaded plots. Falcataria invasion increased acid phosphatase (AP) activities to > 90 mu mol g(-1) soil h(-1) compared to 30-60 mu mol g(-1) soil h(-1) in nativedominated stands. Extracellular enzymes that mineralize carbon and nitrogen also increased significantly under Falcataria on the younger substrates. By contrast, total microbial biomass and mycorrhizal abundance changed little with invasion or substrate. However, fungal: bacterial ratios declined dramatically with invasion, from 2.69 and 1.35 to < 0.89 on the 50- and 200-year-old substrates, respectively. These results suggest that Falcataria invasion alters the composition and function of belowground soil communities in addition to forest structure and biogeochemistry. The increased activities of AP and other enzymes that we observed are consistent with a shift toward phosphorus limitation and rapid microbial processing of litterfall C and N following Falcataria invasion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Allison, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM allisons@uci.edu; cnielsen@stanford.edu; fhughes@fs.fed.us RI Allison, Steven/E-2978-2010 OI Allison, Steven/0000-0003-4629-7842 NR 46 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1537 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.008 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 076GX UT WOS:000239946100004 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Carlisle, EA Scow, KM AF Steenwerth, K. L. Jackson, L. E. Carlisle, E. A. Scow, K. M. TI Microbial communities of a native perennial bunchgrass do not respond consistently across a gradient of land-use intensification SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nassella pulchra; annual grassland; microbial community composition; soil respiration; nitrogen mineralization; land use; PLFA; agriculture ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; EXTRACTION METHOD; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; SOIL-NITROGEN; BIOMASS-C; GRASSLAND; CULTIVATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; MICROORGANISMS AB To test if native perennial bunchgrasses cultivate the same microbial community composition across a gradient in land-use intensification, soils were sampled in fall, winter and spring in areas under bunchgrasses ('plant') and in bare soils ('removal') in which plots were cleared of living plants adjacent to native perennial bunchgrasses (Nassella pulchra). The gradient in land-use intensification was represented by a relict perennial grassland, a restored perennial grassland, and a perennial grass agriculture site on the same soil type. An exotic annual grassland site was also included because perennial bunchgrasses often exist within a matrix of annual grasses in California. Differences in soil resource pools between 'plant' and 'removal' soils were observed mainly in the relict perennial grassland and perennial grass agriculture site. Seasonal responses occurred in all sites. Microbial biomass carbon (C) and dissolved organic C were greater under perennial bunchgrasses in the relict perennial grassland and perennial grass agriculture site when comparing treatment means of 'plant' vs. 'removal' soil. In general, soil moisture, microbial respiration, and nitrate decreased from fall to spring in 'plant' and 'removal' soils, while soil ammonium and net mineralizable nitrogen (N) increased only in 'plant' soils. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles from all sites showed that land-use history limits the similarity of microbial community composition as do soil C and N dynamics among sites. When PLFA profiles from individual sites were analyzed by CCA, different microbial PLFA markers were associated with N. pulchra in each site, indicating that the same plant species does not retain a unique microbial fingerprint across the gradient of land-use intensification. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 1023 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1797 EP 1811 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.005 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 076GX UT WOS:000239946100030 ER PT J AU Thompson, TL Zaady, E Huancheng, P Wilson, TB Martens, DA AF Thompson, Thomas L. Zaady, Eli Huancheng, Pang Wilson, Thomas B. Martens, Dean A. TI Soil C and N pools in patchy shrublands of the Negev and Chihuahuan Deserts SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fertile islands; soil nutrient pools; carbohydrates; amino sugars; amino acids; fertile islands; enzyme activity ID MESQUITE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS AB Patchy distribution of vegetation within semi-arid shrublands is normally mirrored in the soil beneath perennial shrubs (macrophytic patches), compared to inter-shrub areas (microphytic patches). To determine impacts of (1) litterfall inputs within vegetation patches and (2) rainfall distribution on soil C and N, we investigated soil C and N pools and associated soil properties in two semi-arid shrublands, in the Negev Desert of Israel (Lehavim), which receives > 90% of annual rainfall during winter and in the Chihuahuan Desert, USA (FHMR) that experiences a bimodal (Summer-Winter) annual rainfall pattern. We also evaluated grazing effects on soil C and N pools at Lehavim. More distinct differences in soil properties existed between patch types at the Negev site, where the soils contained higher soil organic C and N, amino acids and sugars, asparaginase activity and plant-available N than those at FHM R. Soil organic C (0-5 cm) in macrophytic patches was 39 g/kg at Lehavim and 13 g/kg at FHMR, and asparaginase activity was as high as 70 mu g N/g 2 h in macrophytic patches at Lehavim, two times higher than at FHMR. The soil (0-5 cm) delta C-13 was -15 to -18 parts per thousand at Lehavim and -18 to -19 parts per thousand at FHMR, with significantly lower delta C-13 in macrophytic patches at both sites. The delta C-13 suggested that considerable macrophytic patch soil C was derived from cyanobacteria at Lehavim and C4 grasses at FHMR. Plant litter delta N-15 was 0.9 parts per thousand at Lehavim and 0.6 parts per thousand at FHMR, suggesting that much plant N was derived from N fixation. Concentrations of inorganic soil N (NH4+ + NO3-) were up to 37 mg N/kg at Lehavim and < 9 mg N/kg at FHMR. Grazing at Lehavim resulted in lower soil CH, AA, and AS. We conclude that differences between the sites are due largely to (i) higher amounts of litterfall C and N inputs within macrophytic patches at Lehavim and (ii) the different precipitation patterns, with summer precipitation at FHMR promoting increased organic matter mineralization compared to Lehavim, which experiences Winter precipitation only. Furthermore, greater differences in soil properties between patch types at Lchavim compared to FHMR can likely be attributed to the increasing importance of physical processes of resource dispersion at the more humid site in Arizona. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Thompson, TL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, POB 210038, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM thompson@ag.arizona.edu NR 61 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1943 EP 1955 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.002 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 076GX UT WOS:000239946100044 ER PT J AU Baveye, P Jacobson, AR Allaire, SE Tandarich, JP Bryant, RB AF Baveye, Philippe Jacobson, Astrid R. Allaire, Suzanne E. Tandarich, John P. Bryant, Ray B. TI Whither goes soil science in the United States and Canada? SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE education; students; enrollments; trends; scientific disciplines ID HYDRAULIC LIFT; RHIZOSPHERE; PATTERNS AB Institutional and student surveys carried out in 1992 and 2004 suggest that soil science education is experiencing a significant decline in the United States and Canada. The present article reports on the data obtained in these surveys, particularly the fact that the enrollment in MSc and PhD programs in soil science in US and Canadian universities in 2004 was approximately 40% less than that in 1992. Some of the possible causes of this drop are analyzed in detail, such as the tendency of soil science education programs to keep emphasizing the agricultural side of soil science (i.e., its connection to crop production), despite the open intention of most students to pursue careers dealing predominantly, or at least in part, with environmental issues. It is argued that measures could still be taken by soil science educators and soil scientists to revert the downward trend in enrollments. Among these are licensing soil scientists, being vigilant about oversimplifications and misrepresentations of soil processes by researchers in other disciplines, expanding the scope of soil science and actively promoting its achievements, and making sure that the public at large is aware of the intrinsic, challenging complexity of soils and that it mandates a unique pluridisciplinary approach. We believe that if some of these measures were adopted, soil science could relatively rapidly regain its place in the pantheon of science. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Sols & Genie Agroalimentaire, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Dominican Univ, Dept Biol, River Forest, IL 60306 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Baveye, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Philippe.Baveye@cornell.edu RI Jacobson, Astrid/J-9070-2012; OI Baveye, Philippe/0000-0002-8432-6141 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 501 EP 518 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000228032.26905.a9 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 066TU UT WOS:000239253800001 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Parkin, TB Jaynes, DB Cambardella, CA Meek, DW Jung, YS AF Kaspar, TC Parkin, TB Jaynes, DB Cambardella, CA Meek, DW Jung, YS TI Examining changes in soil organic carbon with oat and rye cover crops using terrain covariates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN-BELT; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; ATTRIBUTES; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; MODELS AB Winter cover crops have the potential to increase soil organic C in the corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] rotation in the upper Midwest. Management effects on soil C, however, are often difficult to measure because of the spatial variation of soil C across the landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oat (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and a mixture of oat and rye used as winter cover crops following soybean on soil C levels over 3 yr and both phases of a corn-soybean rotation using terrain attributes as covariates to account for the spatial variability in soil C. A field experiment was initiated in 1996 with cover crop treatments, both phases of a corn-soybean rotation, and a controlled-traffic no-till system. Oat, rye, and oat-rye mixture cover crop treatments were overseeded into the soybean phase of the rotation in late August each year. Cover crop treatments were not planted into or after the corn phase of the rotation. Soil C concentration was measured on 450 samples taken across both rotation phases in a 7.62-m grid pattern in the late spring of 2000, 2001, and 2002. Slope, relative elevation, and wetness index (WI) were used as covariates in the analysis of variance to remove 77% of the variation of soil C caused by landscape driven patterns of soil C. Soil C concentrations were 0.0023 g C g soil(-1) higher in 2001 and 0.0016 g C g soil(-1) higher in 2002 than in 2000. The main effects of cover crops were not significant, but the interaction of cover crops and rotation phase was significant. The rye cover crop treatment had 0.0010 g C g soil(-1) higher soil C concentration than the no-cover-crop control in the soybean phase of the rotation, which included cover crops, but had 0.0016 g C g soil(-1) lower C concentrations than the control in the corn phase of the rotation, which did not have cover crops. Using terrain covadates allowed us to remove most of the spatial variability of soil C, but oat and rye cover crops planted every other year after soybean did not increase soil C concentrations averaged over years and rotation phases. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kaspar@nstl.gov NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1168 EP 1177 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0095 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 059MA UT WOS:000238735700011 ER PT J AU Liu, G Li, BG Hu, KL van Genuchten, MT AF Liu, G Li, BG Hu, KL van Genuchten, MT TI Simulating the gas diffusion coefficient in macropore network images: Influence of soil pore morphology SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERCOLATION CLUSTERS; MODELING DIFFUSION; UNDISTURBED SOIL; POROUS SOLIDS; MEDIA; PERMEABILITY; TORTUOSITY; TRANSPORT; POROSITY; VAPORS AB Knowledge of the diffusion coefficient is necessary for modeling gas transport in soils and other porous media. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and pore structure parameters, such as the fractal dimension of pores (D-mp), the shortest path length through the medium (l(min)), and the fractal dimension of the shortest path (D-min). The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the gaseous diffusion process in an idealized soil system with a highly connected macropore network. The analysis was performed on binary images of soil thin sections. We show that the ratio xi of the diffusion coefficient in soil (D-eff) to that in free air (D-0) is a function of not only the air-filled porosity E, but also of other parameters, and hence no universal relationship exists between xi and D-mp and D-min. Furthermore, xi is shown to be strongly related to the pore-space structure and the direction of the concentration gradient. The tortuosity (T) furthermore was found to be related to the weighted path length along the main diffusion direction. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Minist Educ, Lab Plant Soil Interact Proc, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Li, BG (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Minist Educ, Lab Plant Soil Interact Proc, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM libg@cau.edu.cn RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1252 EP 1261 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0199 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 059MA UT WOS:000238735700020 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Heitman, JL Horton, R Ren, T Ochsner, TE Prunty, L Ewing, RP Sauer, TJ AF Zhou, J Heitman, JL Horton, R Ren, T Ochsner, TE Prunty, L Ewing, RP Sauer, TJ TI Method for maintaining one-dimensional temperature gradients in unsaturated, closed soil cells SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER; TRANSPORT AB One-dimensional temperature gradients are difficult to achieve in nonisothermal laboratory studies because, in addition to desired axial temperature gradients, ambient temperature interference (ATI) creates a radial temperature distribution. Our objective was to develop a closed soil cell with limited ATI. The cell consists of a smaller soil column, the control volume, surrounded by a larger soil column, which provides radial insulation. End boundary temperatures are controlled by a new spiral-circulation heat exchanger. Four cell size configurations were tested for ATI under varying ambient temperatures. Results indicate that cells with a 9-cm inner column diameter, 5-cm concentric soil buffer, and either 10- or 20-cm length effectively achieved one-dimensional temperature conditions. At 30 degrees C ambient temperature, and with axial temperature gradients as large as 1 degrees C cm(-1), average steady-state radial temperature gradients in the inner soil columns were < 0.02 degrees C cm(-1). Thus, these cell configurations meet the goal of maintaining a one-dimensional temperature distribution. These cells provide new opportunities for improving the study of coupled heat and water movement in soil. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhorton@iastate.edu RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010; Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1309 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0336N PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 059MA UT WOS:000238735700025 ER PT J AU Jung, WK Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Anderson, SH AF Jung, WK Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Anderson, SH TI Spatial characteristics of claypan soil properties in an agricultural field SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT ZONES; VARIABILITY; YIELD; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; ACCURACY AB Spatial variability in soil properties has long been observed within uniformly managed fields. Understanding the spatial characteristics of soil properties would be helpful in understanding soil-landscape relationships and in the development of site-specific management. The primary objective of this research was to quantify the spatial characteristics of claypan soil properties for a 4-ha agricultural field located in north-central Missouri. Soil samples were collected in 2002 at three depths (0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm) on a 30-m grid. Samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. Handheld and mobile apparent soil-profile electrical conductivity (ECa) values were also obtained. Spatial dependence was not identified for many properties. Yet, at a separation distance of similar to 40 m, clay and silt content, cation exchange capacity, and Bray-1 P were spatially autocorrelated for the 15- to 30-cm depth. Soil ECa showed a similar spatial autocorrelation. Spatial variations in most soil properties were better estimated by cross-semivariance analysis with ECa as a secondary variable than by simple sentivariance analysis. Clay content was lowest and mostly homogeneous at the 0- to 7.5-cm depth (mean = 170 g kg(-1), SD = 2.0), and highest and most variable at the 15- to 30-cm depth (mean = 410 g kg(-1), SD = 15.8). Thus, the spatial characteristics of soil texture and related soil properties varied greatly by depth and landscape position, probably the result of an uneven distribution of topsoil caused by tillage-accelerated water erosion. We conclude that characterizing the variation in the depth of the claypan horizon is a helpful step in describing other properties for these soils. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dep Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KitchenN@missouri.edu NR 50 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1387 EP 1397 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0273 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 059MA UT WOS:000238735700034 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Shipitalo, MJ AF Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Shipitalo, MJ TI Organic carbon influences on soil particle density and rheological properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EARTHWORM POPULATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TILLAGE PRACTICES; WATER CONTENTS; MANAGEMENT; PARAMETERS; RESISTANCE; MINERALOGY; STRENGTH; OPTIMUM AB Soil particle density (rho(s)) is not routinely measured and is assumed to range between 2.60 and 2.70 Mg m(-3) or to be a constant (2.65 Mg m(-3)) when estimating essential properties such as porosity, and volumetric water and air relations. Values of rho(s) for the same soil may, however, differ significantly from the standard range due to management-induced changes in soil organiccarbon (SOC) concentrations. We quantified the rho(s) and Atterberg limits of a Rayne silt loam for five long-term (> 22 yr) moldboard-plowed continuous corn (Zea mays L.; MP), no-till continuous corn (NT), no-till continuous corn with beef cattle manure (NTm), pasture, and forest systems. We also assessed the relationships of SOC concentration with p, and the Atterberg limits and the impact of rho(s) on soil porosity. Mean rho(s) across NT, NTm, and pasture (2.35 Mg m(-3)) was -7% lower than that for MP in the 0- to 10-cm soil depth (2.52 Mg m(-3), p < 0.01). Forest had the lowest rho(s) of all soils (1.79 Mg m(-3)). The NTm caused a greater reduction in rho(s) and a greater increase in SOC concentration, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), and plasticity index (PI) than NT. Surface soils under MP had the highest rho(s) and rho(b) and the lowest SOC concentration, LL, PL, and PI. The SOC concentration was correlated negatively with rho(s) (r(2) = 0.75) and positively with Atterberg limits (r(2) > 0.64) at > 20-cm depth. Estimates of soil porosity for NT, NTm, and pasture using the constant p. overestimated the "true" porosity by 12% relative to that using the measured rho(s). C1 Ohio State Univ, Carbon Mangament & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Mangament & Sequestrat Ctr, FAES, OARDC,Sch Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1414 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0355 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 059MA UT WOS:000238735700036 ER PT J AU Fuentes, JP Bezdicek, DF Flury, M Albrecht, S Smith, JL AF Fuentes, JP Bezdicek, DF Flury, M Albrecht, S Smith, JL TI Microbial activity affected by lime in a long-term no-till soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microbial activity; soil respiration; liming; no-till ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; PH; MINERALIZATION; POPULATION; MATTER AB Under conventional farming practices, lime is usually applied on the soil surface and then incorporated into the soil to correct soil acidity. In no-till (NT) systems, where lime is surface applied or only incorporated into the soil to very shallow depth, lime will likely not move to where it is required within reasonable time. Consequently, lime may have to be incorporated into the soil by mechanical means. The objective of this laboratory study was to characterize the effect of lime, incorporated to different depths, on chemical and biological soil properties in a long-term NT soil. Soil samples taken from the 0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 cm depths were analyzed in incubation studies for soil pH, nitrate, CO, respiration, and microbial biomass-C (MBC). Lime (CaCO3) was applied at rates equivalent to 0, 4.4, 8.8, and 17.6 Mg ha(-1). Application of lime to both 0-10 and 0-20 cm depths increased soil pH from about 4.9 by 1, 1.7, and 2.8 units for the low, medium, and high liming rates, respectively. Soil nitrate increased over time and in proportion to liming rate, suggesting that conditions were favorable for N-mineralization and nitrification. Greater respiration rates and greater MBC found in lime-treated than in non-limed soils were attributed to higher soil pH. Faster turnover rates and increased mineralization of organic matter were found in lime-treated than in non-limed soils. These studies show that below-surface lime placement is effective for correcting soil acidity under NT and that microbial activity and nitrification can be enhanced. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fuentes, JP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jfuentes@mail.wsu.edu RI Fuentes, Juan/C-7819-2014; Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012 OI Fuentes, Juan/0000-0002-7679-5482; Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.05.001 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 046TD UT WOS:000237833000013 ER PT J AU Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD Kohl, RA AF Eynard, A Schumacher, TE Lindstrom, MJ Malo, DD Kohl, RA TI Effects of aggregate structure and organic C on wettability of Ustolls SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil structure; soil management; aggregation; water repellency; soil carbon ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; INTRINSIC SORPTIVITY; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; VEGETATION COVER; PARTICLE-SIZE; MOLDED SOIL; NEW-ZEALAND; MANAGEMENT; MATTER; HYDROPHOBICITY AB Soil wettability is especially important for rainfed agriculture in climates with a dry period during the growing season. The effect of aggregate structure and soil organic C content on wettability of soil aggregates was determined for grassland (grass) and tilled fields (tillage). Soil organic C, plastic limit, aggregate total porosity, and wettability at 100 mm (rapid wetting) and 300 mm (slow wetting) water tension were measured on soil at 0-0.2 in depth. Natural aggregates from tillage and grass were compared to soil pellets formed by remolding aggregates. At both tensions, wettability of grass aggregates was significantly greater than that of tillage aggregates (P < 0.001). Pellets were significantly less wettable than natural aggregates at 300 mm tension and during the initial wetting at 100 mm tension, but became significantly more wettable with time at 100 mm tension. Cumulative water uptake during 60 min exceeded the initial total porosity of pellets and natural tillage aggregates, suggesting incipient failure (formation of microcracks) during fast wetting. Grass aggregates contained twice as much organic C as tillage aggregates (26 g kg(-1) versus 13 g kg(-1)). Organic C was linearly and positively related to plastic limit, total porosity, and the wettability of natural aggregates at 300 mm tension. At 100 min tension, organic C was negatively related to wettability of natural aggregates under grass, but unrelated to wettability under tillage. Aggregate wettability was positively related to organic carbon content, except when the arrangement of soil constituents reduced or prevented incipient failure and soil dispersion during rapid wetting resulted in cumulative water uptake (60 min) similar to initial aggregate total porosity. Organic C increased wettability of grass aggregates when compared to tillage aggregates and also stabilized natural aggregates during fast wetting (100 mm tension). Both soil organic C content and aggregate structure were key factors controlling aggregate stability and wettability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Schumacher, TE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 247A NPB,Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM thomas.schumacher@sdstate.edu NR 50 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.still.2005.06.002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 046TD UT WOS:000237833000021 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Johnson, SR Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Johnson, Scott R. Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Chemical and physical properties of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) starch SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE kiwifruit; Actinidia; starch structure; starch function; amylose; amylopectin; kiwi fruit ID AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; TEMPERATURE TREATMENT; MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; WAXY; GELATINIZATION; RETROGRADATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; POTATO AB Chemical and physical properties of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. 'Hayward') starch were studied. Kiwifruit starch granules were compound, irregular or dome-shaped with diameters predominantly 4-5 mu m or 7-9 mu m. Kiwifruit starch exhibited B-type X-ray diffraction pattern, an apparent amylose content of 43.1% and absolute amylose content of 18.8%. Kiwifruit amylopectins, relative to other starches, had low weight-average molecular weight (7.4 x 10(7)), and gyration radius (200 nm). Average amylopectin branch chain-length was long (DP 28.6). Onset and peak gelatinization temperatures were 68.9 degrees C and 73.0 degrees C, respectively, and gelatinization enthalpy was high (18.5 J/g). Amylose-lipid thermal transition was observed. Starch retrograded for 7 d at 4 degrees C had a very high peak melting temperature (60.7 degrees C). Peak (250 RVU), final (238 RVU) and setback (94 RVU) viscosity of 8% kiwifruit starch paste was high relative to other starches and pasting temperature (69.7 degrees C) was marginally higher than onset gelatinization temperature. High paste viscosities and low pasting temperature could give kiwifruit starch some advantages over many cereal starches. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JUL PY 2006 VL 58 IS 7 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1002/star.200600494 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 067QV UT WOS:000239318600001 ER PT J AU Rudie, AW Hart, PW AF Rudie, Alan W. Hart, Peter W. TI Mineral scale management - Part II. Fundamental chemistry SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; ADDITIVES AB The mineral scale that deposits in digesters and bleach plants is formed by a chemical precipitation process. As such, it is accurately modeled using the solubility product equilibrium constant. Although solubility product identifies the primary conditions that must be met for a scale problem to exist, the acid-base equilibria of the scaling anions often control where in the process scale will occur. These equilibria are the primary control method to minimize or prevent scale in a bleach plant. Both the acid-base equlibria and solubility product eqilibria are influenced by temperature and ionic strength. This paper reviews the chemistry of precipitation and acid-base equilibria. The Gibbs free energy expression is presented as a method to estimate equilibrium constants at temperatures in the bleach plant. The effect of ionic strength on ion activity and its influence on these processes are also discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Chillicothe, OH 45601 USA. RP Rudie, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM arudie@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 IS 7 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 071SC UT WOS:000239621200003 ER PT J AU Bel, P Xu, BG AF Bel, Patricia Xu, Bugao TI Image analysis measurements of white specks on US extreme varieties of cotton SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton maturity; nep; white speck; image analysis AB White specks are a specific type of fiber defect that result in high financial losses to the cotton industry. Fiber entanglements are called neps. Neps that involve immature fibers do not dye properly and appear as white specks on the dyed fabric. Studies to predict white specks from bale fiber measurements are underway. Initially a reliable method for measuring white specks is needed. Several systems have been evaluated and are reported here. The systems accuracy was compared using fiber from the US Extreme Variety Study, which was grown specifically to have different levels of white specks. This paper sets out the experimental work and analysis undertaken to develop and validate a system for reliably quantifying the amount of white specks in a woven fabric. Four image analysis systems are compared. this includes two industrial imaging systems (Cambridge and Optimas)(2) and two systems specifically developed for white speck analysis (Cotton Incorporated's prototype and AutoRate). The Cambridge system was too sensitive for this application, and the cotton Incorporated system was found to have drift in the data over time so that the problem could not be identified. The Optimas system is time consuming and not accurate enough for this application. The AutoRate system gives the most accurate measurements of white specks in the minimal amount of time, with minimal operator error, of all of the systems studied and is currently being used in developing prediction of white specks from bale fiber properties. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Human Ecol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bel, P (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM belberg@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 76 IS 7 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.1177/0040517506062633 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 065VB UT WOS:000239186900001 ER PT J AU Hequet, EF Wyatt, B Abidi, N Thibodeaux, DP AF Hequet, Eric F. Wyatt, Bobby Abidi, Noureddine Thibodeaux, Devron P. TI Creation of a set of reference material for cotton fiber maturity measurements SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cotton fiber; standard cotton; cross-section; maturity; theta; fineness; perimeter ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB It was the goal of the authors to create a set of reference cottons for maturity measurements. To achieve this they selected 104 cotton bales representing the two principal cultivated species. The vast majority of the bales originated in the USA, but some foreign-grown cotton bales were also selected (Egypt, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Cameroon, Syria, Benin, and Australia). A representative sample of approximately,30 kg (70 pounds) was taken from each bale. Each sample was homogenized according to the protocol used by the International Cotton Calibration Standard Committee (ICCSC) to produce reference cottons. Eight sub-samples per bale were taken and a minimum of 500 cross-sections per sub-sample were analyzed. A broad range of average values of fiber perimeter and fiber maturity for the 104 bales were obtained. Evaluation of the mathematical and statistical relationships pertinent to maturity and fineness revealed that four critical criteria for adequate calibration standards were met. Therefore, this population of bales constitutes a good base for the calibration of the indirect measurement instruments for maturity and fineness. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Int Text Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hequet, EF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Int Text Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM eric.hequet@ttu.edu RI Abidi, Noureddine/B-1883-2008; Hequet, Eric/A-9802-2008 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 76 IS 7 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1177/0040517506064710 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 065VB UT WOS:000239186900007 ER PT J AU Karipot, A Leclerc, MY Zhang, G Martin, T Starr, G Hollinger, D McCaughey, JH Hendrey, GR AF Karipot, A. Leclerc, M. Y. Zhang, G. Martin, T. Starr, G. Hollinger, D. McCaughey, J. H. Hendrey, G. R. TI Nocturnal CO2 exchange over a tall forest canopy associated with intermittent low-level jet activity SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; FLUX CORRECTIONS; VARIABILITY; OZONE AB Nocturnal eddy-covariance carbon dioxide fluxes have uncertainties arising from non-stationary atmospheric processes. Low-level jets (LLJ) are one of the prominent nocturnal boundary-layer phenomena observed over non-mountainous terrain, and are capable of generating shear and turbulence close to the ground. The influence of intermittent LLJ activity on nocturnal carbon dioxide exchange measurements is investigated using wind profile observations and eddy-covariance flux measurements over a tall forest canopy. Results suggest that the buildup and venting of CO2 are closely associated with LLJ activity during the night. Of significance in quantifying nocturnal fluxes, this paper demonstrates how low-level jet activity introduces sporadic coupling between the canopy and the atmosphere. C1 Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON, Canada. CUNY Queens Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Karipot, A (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM MLeclerc@griffin.uga.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00704-005-0183-7 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063FD UT WOS:000239002200009 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Gu, YQ Twigg, P Lazo, GR Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Hayden, DM Donze, TJ Vivian, LA Stamova, B Coleman-Derr, D AF Vogel, JP Gu, YQ Twigg, P Lazo, GR Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Hayden, DM Donze, TJ Vivian, LA Stamova, B Coleman-Derr, D TI EST sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POACEAE; NUCLEAR; TAGS AB Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is a temperate grass with the physical and genomic attributes necessary for a model system (small size, rapid generation time, self-fertile, small genome size, diploidy in some accessions). To increase the utility of Brachypodium as a model grass, we sequenced 20,440 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from five cDNA libraries made from leaves, stems plus leaf sheaths, roots, callus and developing seed heads. The ESTs had an average trimmed length of 650 bp. Blast nucleotide alignments against SwissProt and GenBank non-redundant databases were performed and a total of 99.9% of the ESTs were found to have some similarity to existing protein or nucleotide sequences. Tentative functional classification of 77% of the sequences was possible by association with gene ontology or clusters of orthologous group's index descriptors. To demonstrate the utility of this EST collection for studying cell wall composition, we identified homologs for the genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin subunits. A subset of the ESTs was used for phylogenetic analysis that reinforced the close relationship of Brachypodium to wheat and barley. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jvogel@pw.usda.gov RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16569] NR 22 TC 90 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 113 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0285-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 056ED UT WOS:000238503200002 PM 16791686 ER PT J AU Yu, JB Bai, GH Cai, SB Ban, T AF Yu, JB Bai, GH Cai, SB Ban, T TI Marker-assisted characterization of Asian wheat lines for resistance to Fusarium head blight SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; SPRING WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL ACCUMULATION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SCAB RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; CULTIVARS; QTLS; MICROSATELLITE AB The major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on 3BS from Sumai 3 and its derivatives has been used as a major source of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) worldwide, but resistance genes from other sources are necessary to avoid complete dependence on a single source of resistance. Fifty-nine Asian wheat landraces and cultivars differing in the levels of FHB resistance were evaluated for type II FHB resistance and for genetic diversity on the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Genetic relationships among these wheat accessions estimated by cluster analysis of molecular marker data were consistent with their geographic distribution and pedigrees. Chinese resistant landraces had broader genetic diversity than that of accessions from southwestern Japan. The haplotype pattern of the SSR markers that linked to FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 3BS, 5AS and 6BS of Sumai 3 suggested that only a few lines derived from Sumai 3 may carry all the putative QTLs from Sumai 3. About half of the accessions might have one or two FHB resistance QTLs from Sumai 3. Some accessions with a high level of resistance, may carry different FHB resistance loci or alleles from those in Sumai 3, and are worth further investigation. SSR data also clearly suggested that FHB resistance QTLs on 3BS, 5AS, and 6BS of Sumai 3 were derived from Chinese landrace Taiwan Xiaomai. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. CIMMYT, Genet Resources Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gbai@ksu.edu NR 41 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 113 IS 2 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00122-006-0297-z PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 056ED UT WOS:000238503200013 PM 16791697 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Riley, RT Voss, KA TI Differential sensitivity of rat kidney and liver to fumonisin toxicity: Organ-specific differences in toxin accumulation and sphingoid base metabolism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; sphingolipids; sphinganine; sphinganine 1-phosphate; sphingosine 1-phosphate ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CULTURE MATERIAL; B-1; INHIBITION; SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE; CARCINOGENESIS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; 1-PHOSPHATE; DISRUPTION; MYCOTOXIN AB Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins in maize and are inhibitors of ceramide synthase (CS), the most likely proximate cause of FB toxicity. In liver and kidney, the primary target organs in FB-fed rats, inhibition of CS results in a marked increase in the ceramide precursor sphinganine (Sa). This study was conducted to investigate the differential time- and dose-dependent changes in Sa, sphingosine (So), sphinganine 1-phosphate (Sa-1-P), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (So-1-P) in kidney, liver, serum, and heart of male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-4 weeks old) fed diets containing 1.1, 13.5, and 88.6 mu g/g of total FB for 10 days. The tissues were microscopically examined for the presence and severity of lesions consistent with FB exposure. There was a time- and dose-dependent increase in Sa in both liver and kidney, which was closely correlated with the tissue concentration of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and histopathologic findings. However, the Sa alone greatly underestimated the degree of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism since accumulated Sa and So were quickly metabolized to Sa-1-P and So-1-P as evidenced by large increases in these metabolites in kidney but not in liver. The concentration of FB1 in liver and kidney that first elicited an increase in Sa was similar in both tissues, however, over time, the kidney accumulated significantly more FB1 (10x) and total Sa (Sa plus Sa-1-P) compared to liver. Thus, the relative sensitivity of male Sprague-Dawley rat kidney and liver is most likely a consequence of differences in the mechanisms responsible for both FB1 uptake/clearance and Sa metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rriley@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj198 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 058FH UT WOS:000238650400034 PM 16613836 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Nakamoto, RJ White, JL AF Harvey, Bret C. Nakamoto, Rodney J. White, Jason L. TI Reduced streamflow lowers dry-season growth of rainbow trout in a small stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEADWATER STREAMS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; SUMMER; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; SEDIMENT; OREGON; CREEK AB A wide variety of resource management activities can affect surface discharge in small streams. Often, the effects of variation in streamflow on fish survival and growth can be difficult to estimate because of possible confounding with the effects of other variables, such as water temperature and fish density. We measured the effect of streamflow on survival and growth of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in a small stream in northwestern California by manipulating the flow entering four of eight enclosed strewn sections (9.0-15.3 m long) containing one pool and 2.5-4.0 In of upstream riffle habitat. In the four manipulated experimental units, we reduced inflow by 75-80% over a 6-week period in summer 2003. Flow diversion substantially decreased water velocity in riffle-pool transition areas but did not strongly affect habitat volume or water temperature. Fish in control units grew about 8.5 times as much as those in units with reduced streamflow; however, discharge manipulation did not affect survival, which exceeded 90% in both treatments. The input of invertebrate drift to pools within control units greatly exceeded the input into units with reduced streamflow; the concentrations of drifting invertebrates differed to a lesser extent between control and manipulated units. Managers concerned about salmonid populations in small streams should consider dry-season streamflow to be a key variable affecting fish growth. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 25 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 998 EP 1005 DI 10.1577/T05-233.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200014 ER PT J AU Yildirim, S Birrell, SJ Hummel, JW AF Yildirim, S. Birrell, S. J. Hummel, J. W. TI Laboratory evaluation of an electro-pneumatic sampling method for real-time soil sensing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; real-time sensors; soil sampling; soil sensing ID CORE SAMPLER; NITRATE; SYSTEM AB An automated electro-pneumatic soil sampling method based on pressurized air for real-time soil analysis was developed and tested under laboratory conditions. Pressurized air was applied for 36 ms across a 2.5 cm diameter cylinder to cut a sample from a soil column and convey the sample along a delivery pipe into a container An electro-pneumatic regulator valve was used to regulate the air pressure at 550, 690, and 830 kPa (80, 100, and 120 psi) using an analog electrical signal. A two-position solenoid valve controlled by a stand-alone microprocessor was used to control pulse duration. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive high-pressure air as a cutting force for different soil conditions. The effects of air pressure level, soil moisture content, soil compaction, and soil type on the quantity of soil sample obtained were investigated. Moisture content and air pressure level were the most significant factors, while compaction was not significant (alpha = 0.05) in terms of mass of soil obtained. Laboratory test results proved that pressurized air was effective in cutting and transporting a soil sample in a short time period (36 ms) for all different soils studied in this experiment. The electro-pneumatic method was also capable of obtaining a consistent amount of soil sample with a coefficient of variation of less than 20% for any individual treatments in the experimental design. The electro-pneumatic soil sampling method is a viable candidate as a soil sampling system for on-the-go soil analysis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Agr Machinery, Tokat, Turkey. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Birrell, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 200C Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sbirrell@iastate.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 845 EP 850 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400001 ER PT J AU Chung, SO Sudduth, KA AF Chung, S. O. Sudduth, K. A. TI Soil failure models for vertically operating and horizontally operating strength sensors SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE penetrometers; precision agriculture; sensors; soil compaction; soil strength ID ON-THE-GO; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; PERFORMANCE; BLADES AB Soil strength, or mechanical resistance of a soil to failure, has been widely used to estimate the degree of soil compaction. Conventional measurements with cone penetrometers are laborious; therefore, an on-the-go soil strength profile sensor that collects data dense enough to show the spatial within-field variability in soil strength would be a desirable alternative. Because soil failure involves complex interactions among many variables, determining design parameters of a soil strength sensor and interpreting test results could be improved with a theoretical understanding of the soil failure process. Mathematical models to estimate the force required to penetrate (cut and displace) soil with a prismatic cutter traveling horizontally and with a cone penetrometer traveling vertically were developed based on the passive earth pressure theory and the concept of a variable failure boundary. Both models were expressed as additive forms of density, cohesion, and adhesion components of the soil, with each effect multiplied by a corresponding dimensionless number Charts of dimensionless numbers were developed to investigate the behavior of each strength component at various values of soil internal friction angle, soil-metal friction angle, and tool cutting angle. The models were used in simulation to optimize design parameters of the sensor, including component dimensions and the location and spacing of sensing elements. Based on this optimization, a prismatic sensing tip with a 3.61 cm(2) base area and a 60 degrees cutting angle was selected, and the corresponding simulated maximum force and strength measurements were 2.2 kN and 6.0 MPa when operating at speeds up to 5 m s(-1). Model validation showed that the extension of the failure boundary was significantly correlated with soil properties such as bulk density, water content, and internal friction angle. The variable failure boundary model developed in this study more consistently and accurately represented field data than did three previously developed modeling approaches. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Engn, Suwon, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sudduthk@missouri.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 851 EP 863 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400002 ER PT J AU Le, S AF Le, S. TI A mass flow totalizer for lint cleaner waste SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE cleaner waste; data acquisition and control; lint cleaner; mass flow; strain gauges; weight measurement AB As more modern ginning plants become receptive to process control and automation technology, online measurement of process variables is becoming more prevalent and important to the optimization of the ginning process. In this research, an electronic hopper weight scale was designed and built to measure and record the mass flow of lint cleaner waste. The measurement could be incorporated into a ginning process control system for process improvement and optimization. The electronic hopper scale included a 35.6 X 35.6 X 35.6 cm hopper with pneumatically controlled bottom doors to collect and dispose of the cleaner waste, two strain gauges and associated signal conditioning circuitry, an AID converter, a laptop PC, and an in-house developed data acquisition and control application. Results of two selected tests are presented to illustrate the functionality and performance of the electronic hopper The final design achieved a target accuracy of 5%. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Le, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sle@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 883 EP 890 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400005 ER PT J AU Cochrane, TA Flanagan, DC AF Cochrane, T. A. Flanagan, D. C. TI Sediment deposition in a simulated rill under shallow flow conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE rainfall turbulence; rill; sediment deposition; soil erosion mechanics; WEPP ID NET DEPOSITION; OVERLAND-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; SOLIDS; IMPACT; WATER; DEPTH AB Eroded soil from hillslopes will deposit downslope or be transferred to waterways and deposited downstream. Understanding the interactions between shallow flows in a rill and factors such as slope, rainfall intensity, infiltration, and incoming sediment concentration are important in determining where and when sediment will be deposited. The main objectives of this study were to determine how these factors affect the deposition of non-cohesive sediment under shallow water flow in a rill and to test whether the P turbulence parameter in the WEPP model deposition equation was adequately represented for those conditions. An experimental laboratory hydraulic flume under rainfall simulators was used to study sediment deposition in a 25 cm wide by 3.6 m long rill. A laser scanner was used to quantify deposition after each experiment, and sediment samples were taken from the flume outlet to quantify sediment transport. The experiments were conducted using silica sand, glass beads, and artificial plastic/glass aggregates. Combinations of different flow rates, rainfall intensities, and sediment feed rates were studied for each sediment type at slopes varying from 1% to 5%. The interaction of rainfall intensity and flow depths had a more significant effect on deposition of particles of low specific gravity and under greater interrill sediment contributions; however, this was not true for denser sand particles. Sediment deposition in the rill was less under no rainfall and high-intensity rainfall than under medium-intensity rainfall. The effect of infiltration on sediment deposition under high-intensity rainfall was related to the slope steepness. At slopes greater than 3%, less deposition was observed under saturated conditions than under unsaturated conditions. The opposite was true for slopes less than 3%. Modeling deposition based on measured deposition rates of the non-cohesive sediment showed that the beta turbulence factor for the particle and flow conditions in these experiments could be 10 or more times less than the 0.5 value currently used in the WEPP deposition equation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM flanagan@purdue.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 893 EP 903 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400006 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD King, KW Haggard, BE Wren, DG Sheridan, JM AF Harmel, R. D. King, K. W. Haggard, B. E. Wren, D. G. Sheridan, J. M. TI Practical guidance for discharge and water quality data collection on small watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; water quality sampling; nonpoint-source pollution; urban storm water ID DROP-BOX WEIR; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SMALL STREAMS; FLOW; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; LOADS; UNCERTAINTY AB Many sampling projects have been initiated or modified in recent years to quantify the effects of water quality protection and enhancement programs. Although comprehensive references on the theory and procedures related to discharge data collection have been published, similar guides to water quality sampling are not available. Several sources provide general guidance on sampling project design and on manual sampling procedures, but only recently has detailed information on automated storm water quality sampling been developed. As a result, a compilation of available information on the design of water quality sampling projects is needed to support sound decision-making regarding data collection resources and procedural alternatives. Thus, the objective of this article is to compile and present practical guidance for collection of discharge and water quality constituent data at the field and small watershed scale. The guidelines included are meant to increase the likelihood of project success, specifically accurate characterization of water quality within project resource constraints. Although many considerations are involved in establishing a successful sampling project, the following recommendations are generally applicable to field and small watershed studies: (1) consider wet-weather access, travel time, equipment costs, and sample collection method in the selection of sampling site numbers and locations; (2) commit adequate resources for equipment maintenance and repair; (3) assemble a well-trained, on-call field staff able to make frequent site visits; (4) establish reliable stage-discharge relationships for accurate discharge measurement; (5) use periodic manual grab sample collection with adequate frequency to characterize baseflow water quality; (6) use flow-interval or time-interval storm sampling with adequate frequency to characterize storm water quality; and (7) use composite sampling to manage sample numbers without substantial increases in uncertainty. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 85 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 937 EP 948 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400010 ER PT J AU Du, B Saleh, A Jaynes, DB Arnold, JG AF Du, B. Saleh, A. Jaynes, D. B. Arnold, J. G. TI Evaluation of SWAT in simulating nitrate nitrogen and atrazine fates in a watershed with tiles and potholes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; chemical pollution; modeling; nitrate; pesticide; pothole; subsurface drainage; SWAT; tile drains; water quality; watershed ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; QUALITY; LOSSES; GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDES; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB We evaluated a version of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT-M) that was modified to more accurately simulate the drainage and water flow in a landscape dominated by closed surface depressions or potholes at a watershed scale using ten years of measured nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and atrazine data in stream discharge in the Walnut Creek watershed (WCW). The model was calibrated during the period of 1992 to 1995 and validated during the period of 1996 to 2001. Stream sites in the middle and outlet of the WCW were selected to assess overall performance of the model, while one drainage district drain was used for investigating chemical loads in subsurface flows. With the introduction of an independent tile drain lag time parameter, the performance of SWAT-M for daily flow simulation was improved In comparison to our previous results, the Nash-Sutcliffe E values for the calibrated daily flow at the mid-watershed and outlet simulated by the enhanced SWAT model rose from 0.55 to 0.69 and from 0.51 to 0.63, respectively. Of special note, the E value for calibrated flow rose from -0.23 to 0.40 for the drainage district drain, which was dominated by tile and subsurface flow. Both the predicted corn yields and N uptake by corn were very similar to the measured data. The predicted yield and N uptake by soybean were relatively lower than the measured values. The monthly NO3-N loads in stream discharges at the center and outlet of the Walnut Creek watershed were accurately predicted with good Nash-Sutcliffe E values of 0.91/0.80 and 0.85/0.67 in calibration/validation, respectively. Nevertheless, the model's simulation of the daily NO3-N loads was not as good as the monthly simulation. The good agreement between the simulated and measured monthly NO3-N loads from the drainage district site leads us to conclude that SWAT can reasonably simulate tile flow from pothole-dominated landscapes, although the model needs to be improved in the simulation of daily subsurface NO3-N fluxes. The enhanced SWAT-M model simulated the NO3-N loads in a watershed with intensive tile drainage systems much more accurately than the original SWAT2000 version. A second pesticide degradation half-life in soil was added for SWAT-M, which greatly improved the model performance for predicting atrazine losses from the watershed. Overall, SWAT-M is capable of simulating atrazine loads in the stream discharge of the WCW and is a much-improved tool over SWAT2000 for predicting both daily and monthly atrazine losses in nearly level, tile-drained watersheds. C1 Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Du, B (reprint author), Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Res, POB T-0410, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. EM bdu@tiaer.tarleton.edu NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 949 EP 959 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400011 ER PT J AU Benham, BL Baffaut, C Zeckoski, RW Mankin, KR Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AA Brannan, KM Soupir, ML Habersack, MJ AF Benham, B. L. Baffaut, C. Zeckoski, R. W. Mankin, K. R. Pachepsky, Y. A. Sadeghi, A. A. Brannan, K. M. Soupir, M. L. Habersack, M. J. TI Modeling bacteria fate and transport in watersheds to support TMDLs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Review DE fecal bacteria; HSPF; modeling; pathogens; SWAT; TMDL; water quality; watershed ID FECAL-INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POULTRY LITTER; GROUNDWATER BACTERIA; POROUS-MEDIA; DIE-OFF; SOIL; SURFACE; MANURE; CATTLE AB Fecal contamination of surface waters is a critical water-quality issue, leading to human illnesses and deaths. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), which set pollutant limits, are being developed to address fecal bacteria impairments. Watershed models are widely used to support TMDLs, although their use for simulating in-stream fecal bacteria concentrations is somewhat rudimentary. This article provides an overview of fecal microorganism fate and transport within watersheds, describes current watershed models used to simulate microbial transport, and presents case studies demonstrating model use. Bacterial modeling capabilities and limitations for setting TMDL limits are described for two widely used watershed models (HSPF and SWAT) and for the load-duration method. Both HSPF and SWAT permit the user to discretize a watershed spatially and bacteria loads temporally. However, the options and flexibilities are limited. The models are also limited in their ability to describe bacterial life cycles and in their ability to adequately simulate bacteria concentrations during extreme climatic conditions. The load-duration method for developing TMDLs provides a good representation of overall water quality and needed water quality improvement, but intra-watershed contributions must be determined through supplemental sampling or through subsequent modeling that relates land use and hydrologic response to bacterial concentrations. Identified research needs include improved bacteria source characterization procedures, data to support such procedures, and modeling advances including better representation of bacteria life cycles, inclusion of more appropriate fate and transport processes, improved simulation of catastrophic conditions, and creation of a decision support tool to aid users in selecting an appropriate model or method for TMDL development. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Missouri, Food & Agr Policy Res Inst, Columbia, MO USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Benham, BL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 209 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM benham@vt.edu OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 101 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 987 EP 1002 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400014 ER PT J AU Vellidis, G Barnes, P Bosch, DD Cathey, AM AF Vellidis, G. Barnes, P. Bosch, D. D. Cathey, A. M. TI Mathematical simulation tools for developing dissolved oxygen TMDLs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE case study; dissolved oxygen; EFDC; HSPF; QUAL2E; simulation models; TMDLs; WASP; watersheds ID LOWLAND RIVERS; SWAT MODEL; DEMAND; STREAM; REAERATION; WATERSHEDS; CARBON; INSITU; RATES AB In many regions of the U.S., low dissolved oxygen (DO) is a common freshwater impairment. States, territories, the U.S. are required by federal law to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for waters not meeting established DO standards. Regulators and other professionals are increasingly relying on mathematical simulation models to develop these TMDLs. Because of the wide variety of potential applications and the number of models in existence, consistent and comprehensive model evaluations are needed to ensure that TMDL developers are able to select appropriate models for their application. The goal of this article is to provide a guide to mathematical simulation models available for developing DO TMDLs. For this work, a model is defined as easily available software that can be used to simulate DO dynamics in lotic systems. Four commonly used DO simulation models (QUAL2E, HSPF, EFDC, and WASP) are described in detail, while the characteristics of several others are summarized in tabular form. A case study is used to illustrate the process of developing a DO TMDL. DO models continue to become more sophisticated and thus better able to simulate the natural environment. Despite advancements, many DO models are still not capable of simulating some of the most complex drivers of DO dynamics, partly because the scientific community does not yet fully understand these processes, and continue to require user-estimated inputs for these processes. Because these processes are complex and difficult to quantify, model users are forced to rely on the few published data, which may or may not be applicable to their conditions. To overcome these limitations, future research must focus on understanding these processes and creating comprehensive and easily accessible databases of DO parameters. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Buck Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM yiorgos@uga.edu NR 89 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1022 PG 20 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400015 ER PT J AU Shirmohammadi, A Chaubey, I Harmel, RD Bosch, DD Munoz-Carpena, R Dharmasri, C Sexton, A Arabi, M Wolfe, ML Frankenberger, J Graff, C Sohrabi, TM AF Shirmohammadi, A. Chaubey, I. Harmel, R. D. Bosch, D. D. Munoz-Carpena, R. Dharmasri, C. Sexton, A. Arabi, M. Wolfe, M. L. Frankenberger, J. Graff, C. Sohrabi, T. M. TI Uncertainty in TMDL models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Latin hypercube sampling; margin of safety; Monte Carlo simulation; TMDL; uncertainty ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; PIEDMONT PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NONPOINT-SOURCE; CRITICAL LOADS; PREDICTION; HYDROLOGY; EQUIFINALITY AB Although the U.S. Congress established the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program in the original Clean Water Act of 1972, Section 303(d), it did not receive attention until the 1990s. Currently, two methods are available for tracking pollution in the environment and assessing the effectiveness of the TMDL process on improving the quality of impaired water bodies: field monitoring and mathematical/computer modeling. Field monitoring may be the most appropriate method, but its use is limited due to high costs and extreme spatial and temporal ecosystem variability. Mathematical models provide an alternative to field monitoring that can potentially save time, reduce cost, and minimize the need for testing management alternatives. However, the uncertainty of the model results is a major concern. Uncertainty is defined as the estimated amount by which an observed or calculated value may depart from the true value, and it has important policy, regulatory, and management implications. The source and magnitude of uncertainty and its impact on TMDL assessment has not been studied in depth. This article describes the collective experience of scientists and engineers in the assessment of uncertainty associated with TMDL models. It reviews sources of uncertainty (e.g., input variability, model algorithms, model calibration data, and scale), methods of uncertainty evaluation (e.g., first-order approximation, mean value first-order reliability method, Monte Carlo, Latin hypercube sampling with constrained Monte Carlo, and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation), and strategies for communicating uncertainty in TMDL models to users. Four case studies are presented to highlight uncertainty quantification in TMDL models. Results indicate that uncertainty in TMDL models is a real issue and should be taken into consideration not only during the TMDL assessment phase, but also in the design of BMPs during the TMDL implementation phase. First-order error (FOE) analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or any modified versions of these two basic methods may be used to assess uncertainty. This collective study concludes that a more scientific method to account for uncertainty would be to develop uncertainty probability distribution functions and transfer such uncertainties to TMDL load allocation through the margin of safety component, which is selected arbitrarily at the present time. It is proposed that explicit quantification of uncertainty be made an integral part of the TMDL process. This will benefit private industry, the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and action agencies involved with TMDL development and implementation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Fischel Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Tehran, Dept Irrigat Engn, Karaj, Iran. RP Shirmohammadi, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ashirmo@umd.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013; Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/A-7588-2010 OI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/0000-0003-2838-1514 NR 74 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1049 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400017 ER PT J AU Akdogan, H Casada, ME AF Akdogan, H. Casada, M. E. TI Climatic humidity effects on controlled summer aeration in the hard red winter wheat belt SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE climate; controlled aeration; grain storage; humidity; moisture; wheat ID UNITED-STATES; STORED WHEAT; GRAIN; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; INSECTS; AIR AB Aeration is an inexpensive way to improve grain storage conditions, but it can be difficult to implement immediately after harvest in much of the hard red winter (HRW) wheat belt due to high ambient temperatures. High nighttime relative humidity worsens this problem because the heat of condensation released during adsorption reduces aeration cooling, but the magnitude of this humidity effect is not well documented. A procedure was developed to calculate effective temperature (T-eff), which coupled dry-bulb temperature (T-db), wet-bulb temperature (T-wb), and grain moisture content to predict the actual final grain temperature after aeration. Hourly historical weather data were used to determine the available aeration hours below 24 degrees C from mid-July through early August in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, eastern New Mexico, and eastern Colorado, along with nearby portions of surrounding states. Grain cooling was highly influenced by humidity. Actual available aeration hours averaged approximately 78% less during the periods studied compared to calculations based on Tdb alone. Airflow rates higher than 0.1 m(3)/min/t were found necessary to achieve sufficient grain cooling for the summer in Texas, Oklahoma, and southeastern Kansas. This effect was more pronounced in 10% than 12% moisture content wheat, because Teff was always lower for grain at 12% moisture content. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1087 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400020 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Pearson, T AF Haff, R. P. Pearson, T. TI Spectral band selection for optical sorting of pistachio nut defects SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE dual-wavelength sorting; NIR spectroscopy; pistachio nuts; spectral bands ID CONTAMINATION AB A technique using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was developed for selecting the optimal spectral bands for use in dual-wavelength sorting machines commonly found in food processing plants. A variation of a nearest-neighbor classification scheme selected the two optimal spectral bands given NIR spectra from both sides of an object. The optimal bands were determined for two cases: when both sides contain the defect of interest (AND logic), or when the defect appears on a single side (OR logic). A commercially available sorting machine was used to compare the sorting accuracy using the spectral bands determined with this technique to the accuracy using bands recommended by the manufacturer The product stream tested was the removal of "small inshell" (small nuts with the shell intact) and shell halves from the stream of nuts with no shells ("kernels"). Results for the selected spectral bands averaged 1.20% false negative (fn) for small inshell and 1.80% fn for half shells with 0.15% false positive (fp) vs. 1.70%, 2.40%, and 0.70%, respectively, using the spectral bands recommended by the manufacturer Optimal spectral bands were also determined and reported for a variety of other defects and unwanted materials commonly sorted in the pistachio processing plant, including adhering hull, stained, sticks, mold, insect damage and/or webbing, and black spots. Given the success of this technique in pistachio sorting experiments, it is believed that it could be applied to any commodity sorted using commercially available, dual-wavelength, NIR sorting devices. C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Grin Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ron@pw.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1113 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400023 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Oenema, J AF Rotz, C. A. Oenema, J. TI Predicting management effects on ammonia emissions from dairy and beef farms SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ammonia emission; cattle production; farm model; nitrogen loss; simulation ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE COVER; PIG SLURRY; WIND-SPEED; VOLATILIZATION; MODEL; MANURE; COWS; BUILDINGS AB Relationships were developed to predict ammonia (NH3) nitrogen losses from cattle manure in animal housing, during manure storage, following field application, and during grazing. Ammonia loss in each phase was predicted using a mechanistic model for NH3 volatilized from the surface of an aqueous solution of ammonium where the NH3 is transported to the free atmosphere through a pathway with finite resistance. Ammonia emission rate was a function of the ammoniacal N content in the manure, ambient temperature, manure pH, manure moisture content, and the exposed manure surface area. Model relationships were calibrated by selecting values for the resistance to NH3 transport for the various loss pathways, which predicted daily and annual emissions similar to those reported in published studies. In further evaluation, these calibrated relationships predicted average annual losses similar to those documented in previous work over a range in climate locations. These relationships were integrated into a whole-farm simulation model to provide a tool for evaluating and comparing long-term nitrogen losses along with other performance, environmental, and economic aspects of farm production. Whole-farm simulations illustrated that the use of a free stall barn, bottom-loaded slurry storage, and direct injection of manure into the soil reduced NH3 emissions by 33% to 50% compared to other commonly used dairy housing and manure handling systems in the northeastern U.S. The improvement in nitrogen utilization more than offset the increased cost in manure handling, providing a small increase in farm profit. The farm model provides a research and teaching tool for evaluating and comparing the economic and environmental sustainability of dairy and beef production systems. C1 USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Plant Res Int, Farming Syst, NL-6700 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1149 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400026 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Way, TR AF Loughrin, J. H. Way, T. R. TI An equilibrium sampler for malodors in wastewater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE absorption; odor; octanol-water partition coefficient; SBSE; stir bar sorbtive extraction; volatile ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; PIGGERY WASTES; ODOR; EMISSIONS AB An apparatus for the in situ quantification of malodorous compounds from animal wastewater was developed that employed a submersible magnetic stir plate and stir bar sorbtive extraction using polydimethylsiloxane-coated stir bars. Prior to deployment of the apparatus in a swine waste lagoon, experiments were conducted to determine minimum equilibration time as well as the minimum volume of sample needed for external standard calibration of samples. Minimum equilibration time was determined by monitoring loss of preloaded standards from the stir bars, while minimum calibration volume was based on the criterion that solutions used for calibration would not be significantly depleted. Based on these experiments, samplers were deployed in a swine waste lagoon for 3 h, and the amount of analytes retained on the stir bars was determined by external standards calibration using a volume of 40 mL. Afterwards, the samplers were preloaded with standards of compounds that approximated the physical characteristics of the target analytes and deployed in the lagoon with, and without, stirring. Significantly higher levels of some key malodorous compounds were found in stirred than in unstirred samples, while loss of preloaded analytes from stirred samples indicated that these samplers had more nearly reached equilibrium with the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM jloughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1172 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400029 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Wicklow, DT AF Pearson, T. C. Wicklow, D. T. TI Detection of corn kernels infected by fungi SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; corn; detection; feature selection; fumonisin; image; maize pathogens; near-infrared ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SWEET CORN; AFLATOXIN; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; TRANSMITTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Single-kernel reflectance spectra (550 to 1700 nm), visible color reflectance images, x-ray images, multi-spectral transmittance images (visible and NIR), and physical properties (mass, length, width, thickness, and cross-sectional area) were analyzed to determine if they could be used to detect fungal-infected corn kernels. Kernels were collected from corn ears inoculated with one of several different common fungi several weeks before harvest, and then collected at harvest time. It was found that two NIR reflectance spectral bands centered at 715 nm and 965 nm could correctly identify 98.1 % of asymptomatic kernels and 96.6% of kernels showing extensive discoloration and infected with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Diplodia maydis, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, or Trichoderma viride. These two spectral bands can easily be implemented on high-speed sorting machines for removal of fungal-damaged grain. Histogram features from three transmittance images (blue and red components of color images and another at 960 nm) can distinguish 91.9% of infected kernels with extensive discoloration from 96.2% of asymptomatic kernels. Similar classification accuracies were achieved using x-ray images and physical properties (kernel thickness, weight, length). A neural network was trained to identify infecting fungal species on single kernels using principle components of the reflectance spectra as input features. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Res & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Res & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tpearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1245 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400036 ER PT J AU Lang, P Dane, F Kubisiak, TL AF Lang, Ping Dane, Fenny Kubisiak, Thomas L. TI Phylogeny of Castanea (Fagaceae) based on chloroplast trnT-L-F sequence data SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Fagaceae; Castanea; trnT-L-F; phylogenetics ID NONCODING REGIONS; DNA-SEQUENCES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CHESTNUT CASTANEA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMATICS; UTILITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Species in the genus Castanea are widely distributed in the deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere from Asia to Europe and North America. They show floristic similarity but differences in chestnut blight resistance especially among eastern Asian and eastern North American species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in this study using sequences of three chloroplast noncoding trnT-L-F regions. The trnT-L region was found to be the most variable and informative region. The highest proportion of parsimony informative sites, more and larger indels, and higher pairwise distances between taxa were obtained at trnT-L than at the other two regions. The high A+T values (74.5%) in the Castanea trnT-L region may explain the high proportion of transversions found in this region where as comparatively lower A+T values were found in the trnL intron (68.35%) and trnL-F spacer (70.07%) with relatively balanced numbers of transitions and transversions. The genus Castanea is supported as a monophyletic clade, while the section Eucastanon is paraphyletic. C crenata is the most basal clade and sister to the remainder of the genus. The three Chinese species of Castanea are supported as a single monophyletic clade, whose sister group contains the North American and European species. There is consistent but weak support for a sister-group relationship between the North American species and European species. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Dane, F (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM danefen@auburn.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11295-006-0036-2 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 148LS UT WOS:000245076700002 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, C Brown, JS Schnell, R Motamayor, JC Meerow, AW Zhang, DP AF Cervantes-Martinez, Cuauhtemoc Brown, J. Steven Schnell, Raymond Motamayor, Juan C. Meerow, Alan W. Zhang, Dapeng TI A computer simulation study on the number of loci and trees required to estimate genetic variability in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; SSR MARKERS; DIVERSITY; DISTANCES; POPULATIONS; GERMPLASM; DNA; HETEROZYGOSITY; ALLELES AB Current methods for measures of genetic diversity of populations and germplasm collections are often based on statistics calculated from molecular markers. The objective of this study was to investigate the precision and accuracy of the most common estimators of genetic variability and population structure, as calculated from simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Computer simulated genomes of replicate populations were generated from initial allele frequencies estimated using SSR data from cacao accessions in a collection. The simulated genomes consisted of ten linkage groups of 100 cM in length each. Heterozygosity, gene diversity and the F statistics were studied as a function of number of loci and trees sampled. The results showed that relatively small random samples of trees were needed to achieve consistency in the observed estimations. In contrast, very large random samples of loci per linkage group were required to enable reliable inferences on the whole genome. Precision of estimates was increased by more than 50% with an increase in sample size from one to five loci per linkage group or 50 per genome, and up to 70% with ten loci per linkage group, or equivalently, 100 loci per genome. The use of fewer, highly polymorphic loci to analyze genetic variability led to estimates with substantially smaller variance but with an upward bias. Nevertheless, the relative differences of estimates among populations were generally consistent for the different levels of polymorphism considered. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cervantes-Martinez, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM ccervantes@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 152 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s11295-006-0038-0 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 148LS UT WOS:000245076700004 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Twilley, RR Doyle, TW Gardiner, ES AF Krauss, KW Twilley, RR Doyle, TW Gardiner, ES TI Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avicennia germinans; carbon assimilation; flooding; Laguncularia racemosa; photosynthesis; Rhizophora mangle; stress physiology; water-use efficiency ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; AVICENNIA-MARINA; SEEDLINGS; SALINITY; FORESTS; GROWTH; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB We determined how different hydroperiods affected leaf gas exchange characteristics of green house-grown seedlings (2002) and saplings (2003) of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn., Laguncularia racenzosa (L.) Gaertn. f., and Rhizophora mangle L. Hydroperiod treatments included no flooding (unflooded), intermittent flooding (intermittent), and permanent flooding (flooded). Plants in the intermittent treatment were measured under both flooded and drained states and compared separately. In the greenhouse study. plants of all species maintained different leaf areas in the contrasting hydroperiods during both years. Assimilation-light response curves indicated that the different hydroperiods had little effect on leaf gas exchange characteristics in either seedlings or saplings. However, short-term intermittent flooding for between 6 and 22 days caused a 20% reduction in maximum leaf-level carbon assimilation rate, a 51% lower light requirement to attain 50% of maximum assimilation. and a 38% higher demand from dark respiration. Although interspecific differences were evident for nearly all measured parameters in both years, there was little consistency in ranking of the interspecific responses. Species by hydro-period interactions were significant only for sapling leaf area. In a field study, R. mangle saplings along the Shark River in the Everglades National Park either demonstrated no significant effect or slight enhancement of carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency while flooded. We obtained little evidence that contrasting hydroperiods affect leaf gas exchange characteristics of mangrove seedlings or saplings over long time intervals; however, intermittent flooding may cause short-term depressions in leaf gas exchange. The resilience of mangrove systems to flooding, as demonstrated in the permanently flooded treatments. will likely promote photosynthetic and morphological adjustment to slight hydroperiod shifts in many settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Louisiana, Ctr Ecol & Environm Technol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 18 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 7 BP 959 EP 968 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 057XM UT WOS:000238628500012 PM 16585041 ER PT J AU Johnson, JS Laegreid, WS Basaraba, RJ Baker, DC AF Johnson, J. S. Laegreid, W. S. Basaraba, R. J. Baker, D. C. TI Truncated gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in Rambouillet sheep SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gamma-glutamyl carboxylase; hemostasis; sheep; vitamin K ID K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE; PROPEPTIDE BINDING-SITE; BOVINE CYTOKINE GENES; VITAMIN-K; FACTOR-IX; FACTOR-X; HEREDITARY-DEFICIENCY; COAGULATION-FACTORS; PEPTIDE-SUBSTRATE; FACTOR-VII AB A flock of Rambouillet sheep was examined because of increased lamb mortality due to ineffective hemostasis at parturition. Decreased activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, and severely reduced hepatic gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity with adequate vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase activity was determined.(1,21) Parenteral vitamin K, supplementation did not improve vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor activities in 3 affected lambs. Affected lamb gamma-glutamyl carboxylase deoxyribonucleic acid was sequenced, and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs 2-5) of the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphism-4 results in an arginine to stop codon (UGA) substitution, which prematurely terminates the peptide at residue 686 (R686Stop). This genotype (GATT/GATT) has a strong association with the coagulopathy observed in clinically affected lambs, P < 0.001. The frequency of SNP-3 in exon II (R486H) within the MARC 1.1 database is high in the US sheep population overall. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity in hepatic microsomes from a SNP-3 homozygous lamb lacking the SNP-4 mutation (GACC/GACC) was similar to control sheep homozygous for arginine at 486 and also lacking SNP-4 (TGCC/TGCC), indicating that the R486H does not measurably impact gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity. The remaining two SNPs (2 and 5) are located within non-coding intron sequences. These 4 SNPs allowed for determining the genotype associated with the observed fatal coagulopathy. Screening for the premature truncation (SNP-4) based on the presence of a Bbv I restriction site in clinically normal lambs but not in the homozygous affected lambs allows for detection of the heterozygous state (GATT/GACC), because carrier animals are clinically normal. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Johnson, JS (reprint author), IDEXX Labs, 2825 KOVR Dr, Sacramento, CA 95605 USA. EM jeremy-johnson@idexx.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [1R24 RR17569-01A1] NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1354/vp.43-4-430 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 067AK UT WOS:000239272200003 PM 16846984 ER PT J AU Robbe-Austerman, S Gardner, IA Thomsen, BV Morrical, DG Martin, BM Palmer, MV Thoene, CO Ewing, C AF Robbe-Austerman, Suelee Gardner, Ian A. Thomsen, Bruce V. Morrical, Daniel G. Martin, Barbara M. Palmer, Mitchell V. Thoene, Charles O. Ewing, Chad TI Sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test, ELISA and the skin test for detection of paratuberculosis in United States Midwest sheep populations SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Johne's disease; sheep; ELISA; AGID; skin test ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; OVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; CONDITIONAL DEPENDENCE; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; SEROLOGICAL TESTS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; ANIMAL DISEASES; JOHNES-DISEASE AB Our objective was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test (AGID), the ELISA, and the skin test for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( MAP) in sheep using Bayesian methods without a gold standard. Fourteen flocks (2 465 sheep) were used. Five flocks (450 sheep) were considered MAP non-infected and 9 flocks (2 015 sheep) had sheep infected with MAP. Sheep were skin tested and blood was collected for AGID and ELISA testing. Results were analyzed using a Bayesian 3-test in 1-population model fitted in WinBUGS. The model allowed for dependence (correlation) between the two serologic tests, but these two tests were assumed to be conditionally independent of the skin test. The estimated specificity was 99.5% (95% PI of 98.9-99.9%) for the AGID; 99.3% (98.4-99.8%) for the ELISA using an optical density measured cutoff of 0.20; 99.2% (98.1-99.8%) using a cutoff of 0.15; 97.5% (95.8-98.7%) using a cutoff of 0.10; and 98.7% (97.3-99.5%) for the skin test. The estimated sensitivities were 8.3% (6.2-10.7%) for the AGID; 8.0% (6.0-10.4%), 10.6% (8.3-13.1%), and 16.3% (13.5-19.4%) for the ELISA using the cutoffs 0.20, 0.15, and 0.10 respectively; and 73.3% (62.3-85.8%) for the skin test. The skin test was specific in non-infected populations and sensitive in infected populations, although in some cases a positive skin test might represent MAP exposure rather than infection. The AGID and ELISA were specific but lacked sensitivity. The AGID and ELISA consistently identified two different populations of infected sheep with only moderate overlap between positive test results. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Groton Vet Clin, Groton, SD 57445 USA. RP Robbe-Austerman, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM sausterm@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 553 EP 564 DI 10.1051/vetres:2006018 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 060ZH UT WOS:000238840500002 PM 16641016 ER PT J AU Bissey, LL Smith, JL Watts, RJ AF Bissey, Lauren L. Smith, Jeffrey L. Watts, Richard J. TI Soil organic matter-hydrogen peroxide dynamics in the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater using catalyzed H2O2 propagations (modified Fenton's reagent) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE catalyzed H2O2 propagations; hydrogen peroxide; modified Fenton's reagent; hydroxyl radical; soil organic matter ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; OXIDATION; CARBON; REMEDIATION; SYSTEMS AB The interactions between catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP-i.e. modified Fenton's reagent) and soil organic matter (SOM) during the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater was studied in a well-characterized surface soil. The fate of two fractions of SOM, particulate organic matter (POM) and nonparticulate organic matter (NPOM), during CHP reactions was evaluated using concentrations of hydrogen peroxide from 0.5 to 3M catalyzed by soluble iron (III), an iron (III)-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelate, or naturally-occurring soil minerals. The destruction of total SOM in CHP systems was directly proportional to the hydrogen peroxide dosage, and was significantly greater at pH 3 than at neutral pH; furthermore, SOM destruction occurred predominantly in the NPOM fraction. At pH 3, SOM did not affect hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates or hydroxyl radical activity in CHP reactions. However, at neutral pH, increasing the mass of SOM decreased the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate and increased the rate of hydroxyl radical generation in CHP systems. These results show that, while CHP reactions destroy some of the organic carbon pools, SOM does not have a significant effect on the CHP treatment of soils and groundwater. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Watts, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rjwatts@wsu.edu NR 31 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2477 EP 2484 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.009 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 069SV UT WOS:000239469400002 PM 16815526 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH AF Marshall, Wayne E. Wartelle, Lynda H. TI Chromate (CrO2-4) and copper (Cu2+) adsorption by dual-functional ion exchange resins made from agricultural by-products SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chromate ion adsorption; copper ion adsorption; dual-functional ion exchange resin; agricultural by-product ID CITRIC-ACID; ANION-EXCHANGERS; SOYBEAN HULLS; CITRATE AB Ion exchange resins commonly have a single functionality for either cations or anions. Resins that have a dual functionality for both cations and anions are uncommon. The objective of this study was to create dual-functional ion exchange resins derived from soybean hulls, sugarcane bagasse and corn stover. Dual-functional resins were prepared by two separate two-step processes. In the first two-step process, by-products were reacted with a solution of citric acid in order to impart additional negative charge, and then reacted with the cross-linking reagent dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) and a quaternary amine (choline chloride) to add positive charge to the lignocellulosic material. In the second two-step process, the order of reaction was reversed, with positive charge added first, followed by the addition of negative charge. These combined reactions added both cationic and anionic character to the by-products as evidenced by the increased removal from solution of copper (Cu2+) cation and the chromate (CrO42-) anion compared to unmodified by-products. The order of reaction appeared to slightly favor the functionality that was added last. That is, if negative charge was added last, the resulting resin sequestered more copper ion than a comparable resin where the negative charge was added first and vice-versa. Cu2+ and CrO42- were used as marker ions in a solution that contained both competing cations and anions. The dual-functional resins adsorbed as much as or more of the marker ions compared to commercial cation or anion exchange resins used for comparison. None of the commercial resins exhibited dual-functional properties to the same extent as the by-product-based resins. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM marshall@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2541 EP 2548 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 069SV UT WOS:000239469400010 PM 16764901 ER PT J AU Culpepper, AS Grey, TL Vencill, WK Kichler, JM Webster, TM Brown, SM York, AC Davis, JW Hanna, WW AF Culpepper, A. Stanley Grey, Timothy L. Vencill, William K. Kichler, Jeremy M. Webster, Theodore M. Brown, Steve M. York, Alan C. Davis, Jerry W. Hanna, Wayne W. TI Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) confirmed in Georgia SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorption; glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; resistance mechanism; translocation; weed resistance ID HORSEWEED CONYZA-CANADENSIS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; TRANSLOCATION; INTERFERENCE; ABSORPTION; PIGWEED; IMPACT; YIELD; HYBRIDIZATION AB A glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth biotype was confirmed in central Georgia. In the field, glyphosate applied to 5- to 13-cm-tall Palmer amaranth at three times the normal use rate of 0.84 kg ae ha(-1) controlled this biotype only 17%. The biotype was controlled 82% by glyphosate at 12 times the normal use rate. In the greenhouse, I-50 values (rate necessary for 50% inhibition) for visual control and shoot fresh weight, expressed as percentage of the nontreated, were 8 and 6.2 times greater, respectively, with the resistant biotype compared with a known glyphosate-susceptible biotype. Glyphosate absorption and translocation and the number of chromosomes did not differ between biotypes. Shikimate was detected in leaf tissue of the susceptible biotype treated with glyphosate but not in the resistant biotype. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Macon Cty Extens Serv, Oglethorpe, GA 31068 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Culpepper, AS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 1209, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM stanley@uga.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 NR 55 TC 159 Z9 170 U1 5 U2 31 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1614/WS-06-001R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200003 ER PT J AU Sanyal, D Bhowmik, PC Reddy, KN AF Sanyal, Debanjan Bhowmik, Prasanta C. Reddy, Krishna N. TI Influence of leaf surface micromorphology, wax content, and surfactant on primisulfuron droplet spread on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epicuticular wax; herbicide spread; leaf surface micromorphology; scanning electron microscopy; surfactant ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; CORN ZEA-MAYS; NICOSULFURON; MECHANISMS; ADJUVANTS; GROWTH; GLYPHOSATE; EFFICACY; LEAVES; YIELD AB Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the leaf surface, epicuticular wax content, and spread area of primisulfuron spray droplet with and without surfactant on leaf surface of barnyardgrass and green foxtail. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy and leaf wax was extracted and quantified. The spread of 1-mu l droplets of distilled water, primisulfuron solution (without surfactant), primisulfuron solution with a nonionic low foam wetter/spreader adjuvant (0.25% v/v), and with an organosilicone wetting agent (0.1% v/v) was determined on the adaxial leaf surfaces of each of the weed species. Stomata and trichomes were present on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in both species. Green foxtail had more stomata per unit area on the adaxial as compared to the abaxial leaf surface. Barnyardgrass had more stomata on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface. There was no significant variation in the number of trichomes per unit leaf area of green foxtail, and the number of prickles per unit area of leaf was significantly higher in adaxial than the abaxial leaf surface, in both young and old leaves. In barnyardgrass, there were more trichomes on abaxial than adaxial leaf surface. The mean value of the wax content per unit of leaf area in barnyardgrass and green foxtail was 35.9 mu g cm(-2) and 19.1 mu g cm(-2), respectively. On both species primisulfuron with a nonionic surfactant had more spread area than that without a surfactant, and the spread was even greater with organosilicone wetting agent. The spread area of primisulfuron droplet was higher on the leaf surface of barnyardgrass than on green foxtail when surfactant was added. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sanyal, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM debanjan.sanyal@monsanto.com NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 627 EP 633 DI 10.1614/WS-05-173R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200004 ER PT J AU Bettmann, GT Ratnayaka, HH Molin, WT Sterling, TM AF Bettmann, Greg T. Ratnayaka, H. Harish Molin, William T. Sterling, Tracy M. TI Physiological and antioxidant responses of cotton and spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) under nitrogen deficiency SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; competition; photosynthesis; stress ID TO-NODE RATIO; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; PIMA COTTON; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; STRESS TOLERANCE; HIGHER-PLANTS; APPLE LEAVES; ACALA COTTON AB Spurred anoda is a major competitor with cotton in the southern United States. Physiological and antioxidant responses of two species of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv. 'Pima S-7' and Gossypium hirsutum L., Delta and Pine Land Company cv. 'Delta Pine 5415') and two accessions of spurred anoda [New Mexico (NM) and Mississippi (MS)] were investigated under nitrogen (N) -sufficient and -deficient conditions in the greenhouse. Pima S-7 had the highest leaf N content of all the plants regardless of treatment. Biomass decreased in all species when N was withheld, with Pima S-7 exhibiting the least reduction and MS the greatest. Plant height decreased in cotton but not spurred anoda under N stress. Height:node ratio increased 9% in MS, but decreased 8% in DP 5415 when they were deprived of N. Withholding N reduced photosynthesis 45% regardless of species. Comparable decreases were found in stomatal conductance and transpiration, suggesting strong stomatal regulation of gas exchange under N stress. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II (dark-adapted F-v/F-m) decreased 4% under N deficiency. Alpha-carotene decreased for all species when N was withheld, except for the NM accession in which the levels increased. Total chlorophyll and lutein decreased under N stress regardless of species, but alpha-tocopherol and the xanthophyll cycle conversion state increased. Pima S-7 had the most chlorophyll and lutein, and both cotton species had more alpha-tocopherol, anthocyanins, and free-radical scavenging capacity than spurred anoda. These enhanced pigment and antioxidant profiles of cotton, particularly Pima S-7, may contribute to cotton's ability to compete for N with spurred anoda. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Sterling, TM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 641 EP 650 DI 10.1614/WS-05-186R.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200006 ER PT J AU Molin, WT Boykin, D Hugie, JA Ratnayaka, HH Sterling, TM AF Molin, William T. Boykin, Debbie Hugie, Josie A. Ratnayaka, H. Harish Sterling, Tracy M. TI Spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) interference in wide row and ultra narrow row cotton SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultra narrow row management system (UNR); wide row management system (WR) ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GROWTH; YIELD; COMPETITION; TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; ABSCISSION; CULTIVARS AB A field experiment was conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effect of spurred anoda interference on yield loss of two cotton cultivars, 'Delta Pine 5415' and 'Pima S-6' grown under wide (1 m) (WR) and ultra narrow (0.25 m) row (UNR) spacings. The relationship between spurred anoda density and dry weight per plot was linear each year. At a spurred anoda density of 8 m(-2), spurred anoda dry weight per plot was 507, 322, and 777 g m(-2) in 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. However, spurred anoda did not interfere with seed cotton yield in 2001, which was probably attributable to the low branch development in that year. Yield losses exceeded 55% at a spurred anoda density of 8 m(-2) compared with controls in both WR and UNR. The effect of spurred anoda density on boll numbers was nearly identical in 2000 and 2002, regardless of cotton cultivar and row spacing. Boll weights decreased in response to spurred anoda interference. Spurred anoda interference resulted in a decrease in cotton branch dry weight in WR but not in UNR. The yield decrease as a result of spurred anoda interference in WR was due to reduction in boll retention or fruiting sites (predicated on a decrease in branch weight). However, in UNR, the yield decrease was due to plant mortality; the plant density of both cotton cultivars decreased by one plant for each additional spurred anoda, but the yield per plant for surviving plants remained constant. Neither WR nor UNR cotton had significant advantage in response to Spurred anoda interference resulted in a decrease in cotton branch dry weight in failure to increase boll numbers m(-2) to compensate for decreased boll weight in UNR compared with WR, may limit its appeal to cotton producers. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Biol, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Molin, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM wmolin@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1614/WS-05-072R1.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200007 ER PT J AU Scursoni, J Forcella, F Gunsolus, J Owen, M Oliver, R Smeda, R Vidrine, R AF Scursoni, Julio Forcella, Frank Gunsolus, Jeffrey Owen, Michael Oliver, Richard Smeda, Reid Vidrine, Roy TI Weed diversity and soybean yield with glyphosate management along a north-south transect in the United States SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; glyphosate resistance; glyphosate tolerance ID HERBICIDE-TOLERANT CROPS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; RESISTANT; MECHANISMS; BIODIVERSITY; DENSITY AB There are many concerns about the effects of repeated use of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, including two that are seemingly contradictory. These are (1) weed escapes and (2) loss of weed diversity. Weeds that escape glyphosate treatment represent species that likely will become troublesome and difficult to control in the future, and identifying these future problems may allow more effective management. In contrast, complete weed control directly reduces the weed component of agroecosystem biodiversity and may lower other components indirectly (e.g., weed-dependent granivores). During 2001 and 2002 effects of glyphosate and conventional weed control treatments on weed community composition and GR soybean yields were studied. Field studies were conducted along a north-south transect of sites spanning a distance of 1600 km from Minnesota to Louisiana. Low-intensity use (single application yr(-1)) of glyphosate allowed more escapes and maintained higher weed diversity than high-intensity use (two applications yr(-1)) of glyphosate, and it was equivalent to or even higher than diversity in non-GR systems. Although the same weeds escaped from low- and high-intensity glyphosate treatments, frequency of escapes was higher with less intensive use. These results suggest that limited use of glyphosate would not have profound effects on weed diversity. In addition, crop yield did not differ between GR and non-GR treatments at high latitudes, but below 40 degrees N latitude, with a longer cropping season, yields with low-intensity glyphosate use decreased by about 2% per degree latitude because of competition from escaped weeds. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Plant Prod Dept, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dean Lee Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Scursoni, J (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Plant Prod Dept, Av San Martin 4453, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM scursoni@agro.uba.ar NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1614/WS-06-004R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200015 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF Palmquist, DE Duval, SM Berhow, MA AF Vaughn, Steven F. Palmquist, Debra E. Duval, Sandra M. Berhow, Mark A. TI Herbicidal activity of glucosinolate-containing seedmeals SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassicaceae; alternative weed management; bioherbicide; soil amendment ID ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE PRODUCTION; POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; APHANOMYCES ROOT ROT; GREEN MANURE; SOIL AMENDMENTS; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; SUPPRESSION; RAPESEED; PLANTS AB Defatted seedmeals from 15 glucosinolate-containing plant species were analyzed for herbicidal activity by determining inhibition of seedling emergence when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat and sicklepod seeds at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1% (w/w). In general, the seedmeals were more phytotoxic to wheat than sicklepod. For wheat, all of the seedmeals significantly inhibited seedling emergence at the 1.0% concentration. At the 0.1% concentration three of the seedmeals (Indian mustard, money plant, and field pennycress) completely inhibited wheat emergence. For sicklepod emergence, eight of the seedmeals were completely inhibitory at the 1% level (Indian mustard, field pennycress, garden rocket, Siberian wallflower, English wallflower, garden cress, sweet alyssum, and evening stock) and four were completely inhibitory at the 0.5% level (brown mustard, garden rocket, English wallflower, and sweet alyssum). Intact glucosinolates and their corresponding hydrolysis products varied among the seedmeals with the highest activity. Major hydrolysis. products produced by the seedmeals with the most phytotoxicity, respectively, included 2-propenyl (allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC) by brown mustard seedmeal, allyl thiocyanate and AITC by field pennycress seedmeal, erucin (4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate) by arugula seedmeal, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and lesquerellin (6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate) by sweet alyssum seedmeal, and isopropyl isothiocyanate by money plant seedmeal. From our data it appears that both the type and concentration of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products present in the seedmeals affect seed-emergence inhibition. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vaughn, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM vaughnsf@ncaur.usda.gov NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 743 EP 748 DI 10.1614/WS-06-007R.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200019 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Locke, MA Koger, CH Zablotowicz, RM Krutz, LJ AF Reddy, Krishna N. Locke, Martin A. Koger, Clifford H. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Krutz, L. Jason TI Cotton and corn rotation under reduced tillage management: impacts on soil properties, weed control, yield, and net return SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; crop rotation; glyphosate; monoculture; reduced tillage; transgenic crop; soil quality; weed management ID SYSTEMS AB A 6-yr rotation study was conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Stoneville, MS to examine the effects of rotating glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR (conventional) cultivars of cotton with corn under reduced tillage conditions on soil properties, weed control, crop yield, and net return. There were four rotation systems (continuous cotton, continuous corn, cotton-corn, and corn-cotton) for each non-GR and GR cultivar arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Field preparation consisted of disking, subsoiling, disking, and bedding in the fall of 1999. After the fall of 2000, the experimental area received no tillage operations except rebedding after harvest each year to maintain reduced tillage conditions. A glyphosate-based program in GR cultivars and a nonglyphosate-based program in non-GR cultivars were used for weed management. Soil organic carbon in the top 5-cm depth progressively increased from the first year to the sixth year, regardless of rotation. In 2005, organic carbon was higher in corn grown continuously and in rotation compared to continuous cotton, partly due to higher plant residues from corn compared to cotton. Control of most grass and broadleaf weeds was sufficient. to support cotton and corn production, regardless of rotation and herbicide program. Control of yellow nutsedge was reduced in continuous non-GR cotton; this apparent weed species shift toward yellow nutsedge was mitigated by breaking the cotton monocrop with corn. Plant populations of both GR and non-GR cotton rotated with corn were similar to that of continuous cotton suggesting cotton stand establishment was not affected by corn residues from the previous year. Cotton yield increased every year following rotation with corn by 10-32% in the non-GR cultivar, and by 14-19% in the GR cultivar compared to continuous cotton. Similarly, corn yield increased by 5-13% in non-GR cultivar and by 1-11% in the GR cultivar when rotated with cotton. As a result, net returns were higher from rotation management as compared with monoculture in both crops. This study demonstrated that alternating between cotton and corn is agronomically feasible and a sustainable option for farmers in the lower Mississippi River alluvial flood plain region who are looking for simple cultural practices that provide economic and environmental benefits. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 768 EP 774 DI 10.1614/WS-06-031R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 069ST UT WOS:000239469200022 ER PT J AU Boyd, NS Brennan, EB AF Boyd, Nathan S. Brennan, Eric B. TI Burning nettle, common purslane, and rye response to a clove oil herbicide SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE log-logistic; spray volume; contact herbicide; organic AB Weed management is often difficult and expensive in organic production systems. Clove oil is an essential oil that functions as a contact herbicide and may provide an additional weed management tool for use on organic farms. Burning nettle, purslane, and rye responses to 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% v/v clove oil mixture applied in spray volumes of 281 and 468 L/ha were examined. Log-logistic curves were fitted to the nettle and purslane data to determine the herbicide dose required to reduce plant dry weight 50% (GR(50)) and 90% (GR(90)). A three-parameter Gaussian curve was fitted to the rye data. The GR(50) and GR(90) were largely unaffected by spray volume. Nettle dry weight was reduced by 90% with 12 to 61 L clove oil/ha, whereas 21 to 38 L clove oil/ha were required to reduce purslane biomass to the same level. Rye was not effectively controlled by clove oil. Clove oil controls broadleaf weeds at high concentrations, but its cost makes broadcast applications prohibitive, even in high-value vegetable production systems. C1 USDA, ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Boyd, NS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM nboyd@nsac.ca NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 646 EP 650 DI 10.1614/WT-05-137R1.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900015 ER PT J AU Young, FL Thorne, ME Young, DL AF Young, Frank L. Thorne, Mark E. Young, Douglas L. TI Nitrogen fertility and weed management critical for continuous no-till wheat in the Pacific Northwest SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; nitrogen fertilizer; weed/crop interaction ID WINTER-WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CROP PRODUCTION; SYSTEMS; COMPETITION; PLACEMENT; ROTATIONS; YIELD; RISK AB No-till cropping is an option for growers needing to reduce soil erosion in the Palouse annual-cropped region of the Pacific Northwest, which is well suited for wheat production. A 6-yr field study was conducted to determine optimum levels of fertilizer and herbicide inputs in a no-till continuous wheat crop production system. Three levels of nitrogen (N) and two weed management levels (WML) were compared in a spring wheat (SW)-winter wheat (WW)-WW rotation through two rotation cycles. The high WML reduced weed densities about 50% compared with the low WML. In general, herbicide treatments were more effective on broadleaf weeds and may have facilitated a shift toward grass weeds. The high WML reduced grass weed biomass only at the reduced N levels, whereas the high WML reduced broadleaf weed density at all N levels. Variable environmental conditions affected wheat yield; however, yield tended to be highest where winter wheat immediately followed spring wheat. Nitrogen had little effect on weed density but increased crop yield about 13% with each increased N level. Crop yield was greater at the high versus low WML at each N level, even though weed density and biomass were reduced least between WMLs at the highest N level. The highest crop yield and net returns were obtained with the highest N and WML; however, none of the N and WML combinations were profitable. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 658 EP 669 DI 10.1614/WT-05-133R.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900017 ER PT J AU Ferrell, JA Murphy, TR Webster, TM AF Ferrell, Jason A. Murphy, Tim R. Webster, Theodore M. TI Using preemergence herbicides to improve establishment of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) from seed SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turf cover ID ACTIVATED CARBON; GRASS AB Centipedegrass is a warm-season turf grass that has increased in popularity in recent years. However, more information is needed on the use of herbicides during centipedegrass establishment from seed, particularly in seed and sod production systems. The intent of this study was to evaluate turf-grass injury and weed control when atrazine, imazapic, imazethapyr, and simazine are applied immediately after seeding centipedegrass. Atrazine and simazine (applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 kg ai/ha) injured centipedegrass less than 15% at 5 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2001. Imazethapyr and imazapic (applied at 0.04, 0.07, and 0.1 kg ai/ha) injured centipedegrass between 7 and 13%, 5 WAT, in 2001 and from 30 to 77% in 2002. Herbicide and application rate also affected centipedegrass cover. At 3 WAT, cover decreased with all herbicides as application rate increased. At 12 WAT in both years, centipedegrass cover increased as atrazine application rate increased and imazethapyr application rate decreased. Imazapic and simazine were less consistent, causing increases in cover one year and decreases, or no change, the next. Imazapic controlled Texas panicum 80 to 89% and was more effective than any other herbicide. Atrazine and simazine controlled crowfootgrass better than any other herbicide. Imazethapyr often injured centipedegrass and failed to control weeds. Atrazine effectively controlled grass and broadleaf weeds with minimal centipedegrass injury. Imazethapyr and imazapic were too injurious to permit usage during centipedegrass establishment from seed. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Ferrell, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jferrell@ufl.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 682 EP 687 DI 10.1614/WT-03-256R4.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900020 ER PT J AU Richard, EP Dalley, CD AF Richard, Edward P., Jr. Dalley, Caleb D. TI Sugarcane response to flumioxazin SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop injury; application timing ID IPOMOEA-COCCINEA CONTROL; PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; WEED MANAGEMENT; SACCHARUM SPP.; POSTEMERGENCE; REGISTRATION; PREEMERGENCE; HERBICIDES; SULFENTRAZONE; CULTIVARS AB The response of the sugarcane cultivars HoCP 91-555, HoCP 85-845, and LCP 85-384 to flumioxazin during the first (plant cane) and second (first ratoon) production years was evaluated within two identical experiments, the first starting in 2000 and the second in 2001. In the plant-cane crop, flumioxazin application timings were PRE immediately following planting, fall postemergence (FPOST) 6 wk after planting, early spring postemergence (ESPOST), postemergence-directed spray (PDS) following layby cultivation, and sequential applications of FPOST followed by ESPOST. During the first-ratoon crop, flumioxazin was applied ESPOST, late-spring (LSPOST), PDS following layby cultivation, and sequentially LSPOST followed by PDS. Flumioxazin injury to sugarcane consisted mainly of stunted growth and reddening and necrosis of treated leaves. In plant cane, injury was 28% 2 wk after treatment (WAT) when applied ESPOST in one experiment but less than 10% in the other, and was no more than 13% in either experiment at 6 WAT. In the first-ratoon crop, injury was around 15% when applied ESPOST in the first experiment, but no injury was observed 6 WAT. However, in the first ratoon, injury to all cultivars was 25 to 30% when following a LSPOST application. When applied as a PDS, injury was no more than 15% 4 WAT in either plant-cane or first-ratoon sugarcane. Stalk height was reduced 15 cm compared to the nontreated control when flumioxazin was applied as a sequential application (FPOST followed by ESPOST) in plant cane and by 23 cm (LSPOST followed by PDS) in first-ratoon sugarcane. In plant cane ESPOST applications of flumioxazin reduced sugar yield (9 to 28%) within all three cultivars used in this study in both experiments with only one exception. Sequential (FPOST followed by ESPOST) applications reduced sugar yield within all cultivars (6 to 37%). PDS applications at layby reduced yields (7 to 12%) in the first experiment, but not in the second experiment. In the first-ratoon crop, LSPOST applications of flumioxazin reduced sugar yield (7 to 11%), sequential flumioxazin applications (LSPOST followed by PDS) reduced sugar yields (8 to 19%), and PDS applications at layby did not reduce yield. It appears that there is little if any difference in tolerance to flumioxazin for the cultivars used in this experiment. To avoid risk of yield loss, flumioxazin should not be applied as an over-top POST treatment to weeds in actively growing sugarcane, and care should be taken to minimize spray contact with sugarcane leaves when applying flumioxazin as a PDS at layby. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Richard, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM erichard@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1614/WT-05-167R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900022 ER PT J AU Boyd, NS Brennan, EB AF Boyd, Nathan S. Brennan, Eric B. TI Weed management in a legume-cereal cover crop with the rotary hoe SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed seed; organic; Senecio vulgaris; Lamium amplexicaule; Solanum sarrachoides; Poa annua ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PISUM-SATIVUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HERBICIDE; TILLAGE AB Substantial weed growth often occurs in legume-cereal cover-crop mixes commonly grown on organic vegetable farms. A 2-yr study at the USDA-ARS in Salinas, CA, was conducted to test the effect of zero, one, and two passes with a rotary hoe on weed control in a mixed cover crop of 10% rye, 15% common vetch, 15% purple vetch, 25% peas, and 35% bell bean. Rotary hoeing occurred 14-15 days after planting (DAP) in the one-pass treatment, and 14 and 28 DAP in the two-pass treatment. Rotary hoeing did not affect total cover-crop density or biomass in either year, but reduced rye density and biomass in year 2. One pass reduced total weed density by 69% in year I and 49% in year 2. A second pass did not affect weed density in year I but reduced weed density an additional 33% in year 2. One pass decreased weed biomass in year 1, whereas two passes were required to reduce weed biomass in year 2. Rotary hoeing reduced seed shed by chickweed and shepherd's-purse seeds, the two predominant weed species, by 80 to 95% in both years. Rotary hoe efficacy depended on weather conditions directly before and after cultivation. The decision to repeat rotary hoeing should be based upon field scouting and weather conditions following the initial pass with the rotary hoe. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Boyd, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM nboyd@nsac.ca NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 733 EP 737 DI 10.1614/WT-05-157R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900028 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Fox, AM Byrd, JD AF Bryson, Charles T. Fox, Alison M. Byrd, John D., Jr. TI Wetland nightshade (Solanum tampicense) growth response to temperature, and winter survival, in relation to potential spread SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tampicense Dunal AB Greenhouse, growth chamber, and winter survival studies were conducted at Stoneville, MS from 1996 to 2002 to determine growth, time to first flower, and winter survival of wetland nightshade. At 12 wk after emergence, wetland nightshade plants had 58-, 45-, 48-, and 4-cm heights, respectively; 24, 21, 21, and 12 nodes/plant, respectively; 62, 31, 36, and 21 leaves/plant, respectively; and 7.1, 3.9, 5.1, and 0.3 g/plant dry weights, respectively, at temperatures of 26/36, 20/30, 14/24, and 8/18 (+/- 0.5) C at the 14/10 day/night length. Flowering occurred at 79, 85, and 85 days after emergence at 26/36, 20/30, and 14/24 C night/day, respectively at the 14/10 day/night cycle. Wetland nightshade plants did not flower at 8/18 C. Wetland nightshade growth was adequate for flowering and fruit production in additional areas of the southeastern United States with night/day temperatures greater than or equal to 14/24 C. Winter survival was greater than or equal to 33% for established wetland nightshade plants in 5 of 6(1996 to 2002) above water levels and 82% from 20 cm below the water surface. Based on these results, wetland nightshade has the potential to continue to spread in the United States. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bryson, CT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cbryson@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 778 EP 783 DI 10.1614/WT-05-037R1.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 090RY UT WOS:000240969900035 ER PT J AU Ross, DW Hostetler, BB Johansen, J AF Ross, Darrell W. Hostetler, Bruce B. Johansen, John TI Douglas-Fir beetle response to artificial creation of down wood in the Oregon Coast Range SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; thinning; felled trees; retention; down wood; population dynamics ID INFESTATION AB Douglas-fir beetle populations were monitored before and after thinning and felling of trees to create down wood in an 88-year-old Douglas-fir plantation in the Oregon Coast Range. Treatments included an unthinned control, thinning to a target of 75 trees/ha, and thinning to a target of 150 trees/ha. Actual mean tree densities on the plots after thinning were 406, 102, and 154, for the control, 75 trees/ha, and 150 trees/ha treatments, respectively. Fifty trees/ha were felled and left on all thinned plots to create down wood for ecological values. Catches in pheromone-baited traps indicated that the local beetle population increased for 1 year in response to felling and leaving large diameter trees in partial shade. Douglas-fir beetle entrance holes and brood were significantly more abundant on the sides of felled trees and wood borers were significantly more abundant on the upper surface suggesting that treatments that provide maximum exposure of felled trees will create the least favorable habitat for Douglas-fir beetles. However, there were no differences in Douglas-fir beetle entrance holes or brood densities in felled trees between the two thinning intensities. Douglas-fir beetle-caused tree mortality was significantly higher on thinned plots with residual felled trees compared with unthinned controls, although infestation levels were low on all plots (< 2 trees/ha). The small increase in beetle-caused tree mortality associated with leaving felled trees would be unlikely to interfere with resource management objectives. These results are applicable to mature, managed forests west of the Cascades with relatively low Douglas-fir beetle populations. In different regions and stand types, or under different environmental conditions, beetle populations could increase to higher densities, remain at high densities longer, and cause higher levels of tree mortality. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Sandy, OR 97055 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Hebo, OR 97122 USA. RP Ross, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM darrell.ross@oregonstate.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061GJ UT WOS:000238859000001 ER PT J AU McIver, JD McNeil, R AF McIver, James D. McNeil, R. TI Soil disturbance and hill-slope sediment transport after logging of a severely burned site in northeastern Oregon SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE salvage logging; postfire logging; soil compaction; erosion; restoration ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON; WILDFIRE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Despite considerable public debate in recent years on the practice of postfire logging, few studies have directly evaluated its effects. Soil disturbance and hill-slope sediment transport were measured after a post re logging operation conducted two years after the 1996 Summit Wildfire (Malheur National Forest), in northeastern Oregon. The wildfire was relatively severe, killing an average of 86% of the trees in experimental units, and leaving an average of 34% mineral soil exposed one year after the fire. Soil disturbance was measured both pre- and postharvest in four replicate units in each of three post fire harvest treatments (unlogged control, commercial harvest (most dead merchantable trees removed), fuel reduction harvest (most dead merchantable trees removed plus most dead trees > 10-cm diameter)). There was a significant difference among treatments in the percentage of mechanically disturbed soil area, with an average of 19.4% disturbed in fuel reduction units and 15.2% in commercial units. Displacement (13.7% of soil area), apparent compaction (3.1%), and erosion (0.4%) were the most common types of machine-caused soil disturbance. Controls had significantly less change in mean displacement from pre- to posttreatment compared to fuel reduction units, and significantly less change in erosion compared to commercial units. At the experimental unit level, there was a significant correlation between the number of stems removed and the total amount of mechanical soil disturbance observed. Multiple regressions indicated that logging activity, reflected by the number of stems removed, explained more variation in soil disturbance than relative fire severity, reflected by tree mortality, forest floor mass, or the percentage of mineral soil exposed. There was no correspondence between disturbance within units and hill-slope sediment collected in silt fences below units. Visual inspections and sediment collected in silt fences indicated that little sediment exited the experimental units in the short term, and that the existing road system caused most of the observed hill-slope sediment transport. Low observed levels of sediment transport were likely due to a combination of low-to-moderate slopes, low-to-moderate-risk soils, logging over snow or dry ground, hand felling, no new roads, two years recovery of ground cover between the fire and the logging, problems with measuring hill-slope sediment, and the absence of severe weather events in the two years after postfire logging. Given these mitigating factors, hill-slope sediment transport measured in this study should be considered as representative of the low end of the range that would be expected in a postfire tractor logging operation on similar soils and under similar burn severity conditions. C1 Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Malheur Natl Forest, John Day, OR 97845 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061GJ UT WOS:000238859000002 ER PT J AU Farid, A Goodrich, DC Sorooshian, S AF Farid, A. Goodrich, D. C. Sorooshian, S. TI Using airborne lidar to discern age classes of cottonwood trees in a riparian area SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE lidar; canopy; cottonwood; riparian; San Pedro River basin ID LASER SCANNER DATA; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CANOPY STRUCTURE; FOREST CANOPY; BASAL AREA; VOLUME; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; ALTIMETER; HEIGHT AB Airborne lidar (light detecting and ranging) is a useful tool for probing the structure of forest canopies. Such information is not readily available from other remote sensing methods and is essential for modern forest inventories. In this study, small footprint lidar data were used to estimate biophysical properties of young, mature, and old cottonwood trees in the San Pedro River basin near Benson, Arizona. The lidar data were acquired in June 2004, using Optech's 1233 ALTM during flyovers conducted at an altitude of 600 m. Canopy height, crown diameter, stem dbh, canopy cover, and mean intensity of return laser pulses from the canopy surface were estimated for the cottonwood trees from the data. Linear regression models were used to develop equations relating lidar-derived tree characteristics with corresponding field acquired data for each age class of cottonwoods. The lidar estimates show a good degree of correlation with ground-based measurements. This study also shows that other parameters of young, mature, and old cottonwood trees such as height and canopy cover, when derived from lidar, are significantly different (P < 0.05). Additionally, mean crown diameters of mature and young trees are not statistically different at the study site (P = 0.31). The results illustrate the potential of airborne lidar data to differentiate different age classes of cottonwood trees for riparian areas quickly and quantitatively. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Farid, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM farid@hwr.arizona.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 061GJ UT WOS:000238859000005 ER PT J AU Braatne, JH Brunsfeld, SJ Hipkins, VD Wilson, BL AF Braatne, J. H. Brunsfeld, S. J. Hipkins, V. D. Wilson, B. L. TI Naturalization of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp monilifera) along river drainages west of the Rocky Mountains SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Populus deltoides subsp monilifera; plains cottonwood; isozyme analysis; naturalization; Snake River; Kootenai River; Columbia River; Cadastral field surveys ID NIGRA L; MAXIMOWICZII; HYBRIDS; NUMBER; POPULATIONS; TRICHOCARPA; TACAMAHACA; ALLOZYMES; ALLELES AB Historic botanical surveys documented that the natural distribution of the plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) was limited to semiarid drainages east of the Rocky Mountains. Recently, a number of isolated populations of plains cottonwood have been found along the Kootenai, lower Snake, and Columbia Rivers and their tributaries. We used isozyme analysis to assess the genetic structure of these Pacific Northwest (PNW) populations in relation to native cottonwood populations cast of the Rocky Mountains. These genetic data along with field surveys (dbh, age estimates) and cadastral field survey notes (mid-1800s) were used to understand the origin of these disjunct populations (i.e., relictual natives versus naturalized introductions). Genetic analyses revealed high levels of genetic diversity within and among PNW populations as well as hybridization with black cottonwood (P trichocarpa). The observed range of genetic variation for PNW populations was similar to that of native cottonwood populations. Collectively, these data confirm that these scattered populations are plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera). Age estimates of the largest individuals found within study populations ranged from 27 to 51 years. Cadastral field surveys also noted the absence of woody vegetation along the lower Snake and Columbia Rivers. Considered together, the data suggest that these populations are of recent origin. The high levels of observed genetic variation are consistent with the reproductive biology of Populus spp. (i.e., obligate outcrossing and widespread dispersal of pollen and seed by wind and water) and a recurrent introduction of plains cottonwood throughout the study area. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Natl Forest Genet Electrophories Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Braatne, JH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM braatne@uidaho.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[310:NOPCPD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080JP UT WOS:000240244100005 ER PT J AU Jordan, L Re, RC Hall, DB Clark, A Daniels, RF AF Jordan, Lewis Re, Rechun Hall, Daniel B. Clark, Alexander, III Daniels, Richard F. TI Variation in loblolly pine cross-sectional microfibril angle with tree height and physiographic region SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analysis of variance; mixed-effects; repeated measures; spatial correlation ID WOOD; QUALITY AB The effect of height and physiographic region on whole disk cross-sectional microfibril angle (CSMFA) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southern United States was evaluated. Whole disk CSMFA was determined at 1.4, 4.6, 7.6, 10.7, and 13.7 in up the stem of 59 trees, representing five physiographic regions. A mixed-effects analysis of variance was performed to test the significance of height, region, and the height by region interaction on CSMFA. Height, region, and the height by region interaction terms were all found to be significant at the 0.10 level. Significant differences were found in CSMFA between 1.4 m and all other height levels in all regions. However, there was no difference between CSMFA at 1.4 in and 13.7 in in the Gulf Coastal Plain. No significant difference was found in CSMFA between 4.5, 7.6, and 10.7 meter-height levels in all regions. CSMFA was found to be significantly larger in the north Atlantic and Piedmont regions compared to the south Atlantic, Gulf, and Hilly regions at all heights. The analysis of variance also indicated that significant variation exists among trees within stands and across stands within regions. This is an indicator that aside from the distinct patterns of CSMFA within trees, other factors including site quality, length of growing season, rainfall, and genetics could possibly play a key role in CSMFA development. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jordan, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 390 EP 398 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 068BY UT WOS:000239347900003 ER PT J AU Urbanik, TJ Frank, B AF Urbanik, Thomas J. Frank, Benjamin TI Box compression analysis of world-wide data spanning 46 years SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE box compression; strength; model; bending stiffness; ECT; BCT; buckling ID CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD CONTAINERS; PAPERBOARD PLATES; STRENGTH AB The state of the art among most industry citations of box compression estimation is the equation by McKee developed in 1963. Because of limitations in computing tools at the time the McKee equation was developed, the equation is a simplification, with many constraints, of a more general relationship. By applying the results of sophisticated finite element modeling, in this current study we derive a more general box compression formula that preserves the underlying theory of the McKee equation but removes the constraints. This formula is solvable with modem spreadsheet software, and we present an implementation method and example outputs as we relax or impose the various constraints. We analyze data obtained from multiple literature sources containing the traditional McKee equation inputs. We quantify the disparity between the McKee equation and the various sources of data and present an improved model for single-wall box-compression strength. The model attaches physical meaning to what were previously only fitting parameters, and it can serve as a tool for additional explorations in box optimization. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Packaging Corp Amer, Mat Optimizat & Dev, Mundelein, IL 60060 USA. RP Urbanik, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 399 EP 416 PG 18 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 068BY UT WOS:000239347900004 ER PT J AU Lebow, P Ziobro, R Sites, L Schultz, T Pettry, D Nicholas, D Lebow, S Kamdem, P Fox, R Crawford, D AF Lebow, Patricia Ziobro, Richard Sites, Linda Schultz, Tor Pettry, David Nicholas, Darrel Lebow, Stan Kamdem, Pascal Fox, Roger Crawford, Douglas TI Statistical analysis of influence of soil source on leaching of arsenic and copper from CCA-C treated wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CCA-C; depletion; leaching; soil; wood preservative ID PRESERVATIVES; CONTACT AB Leaching of wood preservatives affects the long-term efficacy and environmental impact of treated wood. Soil properties and wood characteristics can affect leaching of wood preservatives, but these effects are not well understood. This paper reports a statistical analysis of the effects of soil and wood properties on leaching of arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) from southern yellow pine sapwood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C). Specimens were leached by an accelerated laboratory method for 12 weeks in soil obtained from different locations or in water. Loss of Cu and As was measured using X-ray fluorescence and correlated with various physical and chemical soil properties. Leaching was greater from specimens with higher initial As and Cu retentions. Average Cu loss was approximately equal to or greater than As loss for specimens exposed to soil; for specimens leached in water, As loss was about twice that of Cu loss. Generally, more Cu leaching occurred from specimens in soil contact compared to specimens in water, suggesting that ground-contact leaching studies of the new copper-rich systems should employ soil-based methods for realistic depletion measurements. The amount of As and Cu leached was influenced by soil properties. Depletion of Cu and As from CCA-treated wood appears to be differentially related to various soil properties as well as to initial As and Cu retention in the wood. This research will help develop a standard laboratory method for soil-contact leaching of metals from CCA and other copper-based preservative systems. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Osmose Inc, Buffalo, NY 14209 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Arch Wood Protect Inc, Conley, GA 30288 USA. RP Lebow, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM plebow@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 439 EP 449 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 068BY UT WOS:000239347900007 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, TL So, CL Herlihy, AH So, PW AF Eberhardt, Thomas L. So, Chi-Leung Herlihy, Amy H. So, Po-Wah TI Use of gadolinium chloride as a contrast agent for imaging spruce knots by magnetic resonance SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compression wood; contrast agent; extractives; ion exchange; knots; magnetic resonance imaging; softwood; spruce; wood ID LIPOPHILIC EXTRACTIVES; WOOD; WATER; STEMWOOD; REMOVAL; SAWDUST; SYSTEMS AB Treatments of knot-containing spruce wood blocks with a paramagnetic salt, gadolinium (III) chloride, in combination with solvent pretreatments, were evaluated as strategies to enhance the visualization of wood features by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Initial experiments with clear wood and excised knot samples showed differences in moisture uptake after pretreatments with selected solvents. For knot-containing spruce wood blocks, increased detail in the images with an ethanol pretreatment was attributed to the removal of extractives thereby resulting in higher moisture contents for the knot wood. Incorporation of the gadolinium-based contrast agent resulted in an abrupt loss in signal for a zone around each knot. Accordingly, the retention of gadolinium ions appears to be selective, thereby allowing the demarcation of what is likely to be compression wood known to surround softwood knots. Applications include studies on wood anatomy by MRI and the modeling of wood defects. The treatment of wood with contrast agents as such also shows promise as a technique to improve our understanding of the localization of different cell-wall chemistries, especially as they relate to ion exchange capacity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Imaging Sci Dept,Biol Imaging Ctr, London W12 0NN, England. RP Eberhardt, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RI So, Po-Wah/B-5892-2012 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 068BY UT WOS:000239347900015 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Shelver, WL Hwang, EC Xu, T Li, QX AF Kim, HJ Shelver, WL Hwang, EC Xu, T Li, QX TI Automated flow fluorescent immunoassay for part per trillion detection of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE thiamethoxam; kinetic exclusion assay; KinExA; immunoassay; ELISA; insecticide ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLITE 6-CHLORONICOTINIC ACID; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLES; RESIDUES; WATER AB An ultra sensitive automated flow fluorescent immunoassay was developed using the KinExA (TM) 3000 system for quantitative analysis of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam. Five new monoclonal antibodies were obtained and screened with a competitive ELISA. One monoclonal antibody designated as E6VI was evaluated for sensitivity, selectivity and solvent tolerance with the KinExA. Sensitivity determined from the concentration of half-maximal inhibition (IC50) was obtained by plotting KinExA signals to a four-parameter sigmoidal curve as a function of analyte concentrations. For the most sensitive clone, the IC50 and the limit of detection were approximately 30 pg ml(-1) and 16 pg ml(-1), respectively. Cross-reactivity was estimated by measuring the equilibrium constants (K-d) for four other neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and acetamiprid). E6VI was very specific to thiamethoxam with < 0.11% cross-reactivity for tested neonicotinoids. An excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.99) was obtained between spiked and measured concentrations of thiamethoxam in stream and tap water, potato, cucumber, and apple samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 571 IS 1 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.084 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 059GA UT WOS:000238720100011 PM 17723421 ER PT J AU Oppert, B AF Oppert, B TI Two-dimensional analysis of proteinase activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE 2-D electrophoresis; proteinase activity; proteomics ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; INHIBITORS AB A method was developed to separate proteinases in a complex mixture in two dimensions followed by activity detection using class specific substrates. Using this method, serine proteinase activity was evaluated in gut extracts from a stored-product pest, Plodia interpunctella. With the substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine rho-nitroanilide, three major groups of at least six trypsin-like activities were identified, consisting of proteinases with estimated molecular masses of 25-27, 40-41, and 289 kDa, and all with an acidic pI of 4.7-5.5. With the substrate, N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phenylalanine rho-nitroanilide, two groups of at least five chymotrypsin-like activities were detected, with estimated molecular masses of 28 and 192 kDa and pI values ranging from 6.1 to 7.3. Using the 2-DE activity blot method, information was obtained on the relative number and physical properties of serine proteinases in a mixture of insect gut proteinases without prior fractionation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.03.001 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 047YI UT WOS:000237914200009 PM 16616785 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Roberts, SB AF Hays, Nicholas P. Roberts, Susan B. TI The anorexia of aging in humans SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Ingestive-Behavior CY JUL 12-17, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Soc Study Ingest Behav DE energy intake; food intake; appetite; hunger; satiety; weight change; elderly ID BODY-MASS INDEX; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; GASTRIC-EMPTYING RATE; Y GENE-EXPRESSION; AGE 50 YEARS; FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WEIGHT CHANGE; OLDER-ADULTS; DIETARY VARIETY AB Energy intake is reduced-in older individuals, with several lines of evidence suggesting that both physiological impairment of food intake regulation and non-physiological mechanisms are important. Non-physiological causes of the anorexia of aging include social (e.g. poverty, isolation), psychological (e.g. depression, dementia), medical (e.g. edentulism, dysphagia), and pharmacological factors. Physiological factors include changes in taste and smell, diminished sensory-specific satiety, delayed gastric emptying, altered digestion-related hormone secretion and hormonal responsiveness, as well as food intake-related regulatory impairments for which specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Studies in healthy elderly individuals have shown that men who consume diets over several weeks providing either too few or too many calories relative to dietary energy needs subsequently do not compensate for the resulting energy deficit or surplus when provided an ad libitum diet. Healthy elders have also been shown to be less hungry at meal initiation and to become more rapidly satiated during a standard meal compared to younger adults. Studies in animal models are required to investigate potential mechanisms underlying these observations, while human studies should focus on examining the potential consequences of this phenomenon and practical therapeutic strategies for the maintenance of appropriate energy intake with increasing age. In light of this need, we have recently demonstrated that low reported hunger assessed using a simple questionnaire predicts unintentional weight loss in a sample of healthy older women, and thus may provide a clinically useful tool for identifying older individuals at risk for undesirable weight change and therefore at high priority for intervention. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Donald W Reynolds Inst Aging, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin,Cent Arkansas Vet Hea, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hays, NP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Donald W Reynolds Inst Aging, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin,Cent Arkansas Vet Hea, 4301 W Markham,Slot 806, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM haysnicholasp@uams.edu OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600 FU NIA NIH HHS [F32AG21374] NR 159 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.029 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 061JU UT WOS:000238868900007 PM 16769094 ER PT J AU Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Nosberger, J Ort, DR AF Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Nosberger, J Ort, DR TI Food for thought: Lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT FACE; UNITED-STATES; ELEVATED CO2; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPONSES; FUTURE AB Model projections suggest that although increased temperature and decreased soil moisture will act to reduce global crop yields by 2050, the direct fertilization effect of rising carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) will offset these tosses. The CO2 fertilization factors used in models to project future yields were derived from, enclosure studies conducted approximately 20 years ago. Free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) technology has now facilitated large-scale trials of the major grain crops at elevated [CO2] under fully open-air field conditions. In those trials, elevated [CO2] enhanced yield by similar to 50% less than in enclosure studies. This casts serious doubt on projections that rising [CO2] will fully offset losses due to climate change. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Geom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Photonsynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8902 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 36 TC 606 Z9 677 U1 34 U2 341 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5782 BP 1918 EP 1921 DI 10.1126/science.1114722 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061CF UT WOS:000238848100050 PM 16809532 ER PT J AU Reise, H Hutchinson, JMC Robinson, DG AF Reise, H Hutchinson, JMC Robinson, DG TI Two introduced pest slugs: Tandonia budapestensis new to the Americas, and Deroceras panormitanum new to the Eastern USA SO VELIGER LA English DT Article ID ARION-HORTENSIS; LAND MOLLUSKS; UNITED-STATES; PULMONATA; COMPLEX; CARINARION; EUROPE; OWENII; SNAILS AB This paper reports new findings in North America of two pest slugs from Europe. Tandonia budapestensis, previously unknown from America, was found in Washington DC and near Philadelphia. Deroceras panormitanum, unreported from the Eastern United States and from Eastern North America outside of greenhouses, was found in Washington DC. We describe how to recognize these species and briefly summarize knowledge of their distribution and ecology. C1 Staatliches Museum Nat Gorlitz, D-02806 Gorlitz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Bildungsforsch, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Acad Sci, USDA, APHIS, PPO, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Reise, H (reprint author), Staatliches Museum Nat Gorlitz, PF 300154, D-02806 Gorlitz, Germany. EM Heike.Reise@smng.smwk.sachsen.de; hutch@mpib-berlin.mpg.de; robinson@ansp.org NR 49 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 060EJ UT WOS:000238784900005 ER PT J AU Banales, P Fernandez, L Repiso, MV Gil, A Dargatz, DA Osawa, T AF Banales, P Fernandez, L Repiso, MV Gil, A Dargatz, DA Osawa, T TI A nationwide survey on seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in beef cattle in Uruguay SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; ELISA; Uruguay; seroprevalence ID DAIRY-CATTLE; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; ARGENTINA; FETAL; DOGS; COWS AB Bovine abortions due to Neospora caninum infection have been reported worldwide and its economic impact on the beef industry has been acknowledged as a problem. Uruguay has the largest export value of beef per acre in South America. However, no data on the prevalence of N. caninum infection have been available in this country. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of N. caninum infection in beef cattle in Uruguay through a nationwide survey. A two stage sarnpling design was used with farms being selected in stage one and annuals being selected in stage two. A brief questionnaire was administered on each farm. Seroprevalence of N. caninum in 4444 beef cattle from 229 farms in all the counties, except Montevideo, of Uruguay was determined by an ELISA. The data were then analyzed to identify associations between infection and variables such as type of animal (cow or heifer), herd size, use of veterinary advice. productivity of the soil in relation to the national average, use of improved grass, use of mineral salts, use of supplemental feed, and presence of a dog(s) on the farm. The estimated proportion of positive farms for all the beef cattle operations was 69.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.7-84.7). The overall cattle seroprevalence was estimated as 13.9% (95% CI, 11.6-16.3). The prevalence estimation by animal category was 14.3% (95% CI, 11.4-17.2) for beef cows and 12.9% (95% CI, 10.0-15.8) for beef heifers. There was no significant difference in the estimated prevalence between the two animal types. There was no significant difference in the animal level prevalence of N. caninum infection among different herd sizes. None of the herd demographic or management variables was significantly associated with the seropositivity to N. caninum infection. In conclusion, these results show that N. caninum infection is common among beef herds across Uruguay. Since the beef industry is one of the key industries in Uruguay. the economic effect and risk factors of N. caninum infection among beef cattle in this country should be further evaluated in the near future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Lab Theriogenol, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. USDA ARS, Ctr Epidemiol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Div Labs Vet Miguel C Rubino, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Osawa, T (reprint author), Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Lab Theriogenol, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. EM osawa@iwate-u.ac.jp NR 23 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100002 PM 16621288 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Su, C Oliveira, J Morales, JA Bolanos, RV Sundar, N Kwok, OCH Shen, SK AF Dubey, JP Su, C Oliveira, J Morales, JA Bolanos, RV Sundar, N Kwok, OCH Shen, SK TI Biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Costa Rica, Central America SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Costa Rica; Central America; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HIGH PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPE; CATS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T gondii in 144 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Costa Rica was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). and found in 60 (40.1%) of 144 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 16, 1:10 in 5, 1:20 in 2. 1:40 in 3. 1:80 in 5, and 1:160 or higher in 29. Tissues of all chickens were bioassayed for T gondii in mice or cats. Hearts and brains of 52 chickens with titers of 1:5 or higher and 16 chickens with doubtful titers were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissues from 76 chickens with MAT titers of 1: 10 or less were pooled and fed to three T gondii-free cats. Fecal floats of cats were bioassayed orally in mice but were negative for T gondii oocysts. T gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 32 chickens with MAT titers of 1:10 or higher. All infected mice from 4 of the 32 isolates died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 32 isolates using polymorphisms at the loci SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 revealed five genotypes. Five isolates had type I alleles and one isolate had type III alleles at all loci. The rest 26 isolates contained the combination of type I and II or I and III alleles and were divided into three genotypes. None was found to have genotype II alleles at all five loci. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Costa Rica. Central America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Nacl, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Parasitol, Heredia, Costa Rica. Univ Nacl, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Patol, Heredia, Costa Rica. Minist Agr & Ganaderia, Programa Vigilancia Epidemiol, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.031 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100004 PM 16567042 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, JM Miller, JE TI Evaluation of multiple low doses of copper oxide wire particles compared with levamisole for control of Haemonchus contortus in lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; gastrointestinal nematode management; Haemonchus contortus; lambs; levamisole ID ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; PARASITE INTERACTION; SHEEP; GOATS; NUTRITION; EFFICACY; FARMS AB High levels of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of small ruminants have created the need for alternative approaches to parasite control. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP 2 g) have proven effective in decreasing GIN infection in lambs. However, the risk of copper toxicity has limited the usefulness of this approach. Recently, smaller doses (0.5 and I g) have proven effective in GIN control, reducing the risk of toxicity. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness and risk of toxicity using multiple small doses of COWP for GIN control in lambs between weaning and market weight. Dorper crossbred ram lambs were orally administered levamisole (Levasol, 8.0 mg/kg; n = 8) 0.5 a (n = 9), or 1 g COWP (n = 9) at weaning (Day 0; 118 +/- 2 days of age: late May 2005) and again at 6-week intervals for a total of four treatments. A pooled fecal Culture determined that Haemonchus contortus was the predominant gastrointestinal parasite at weaning. Lambs grazed bermudagrass pastures and were supplemented with up to 500 a corn/soybean meal and free choice trace mineralized salt. Fecal egg counts (FEC). packed cell volume (PCV). and plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were determined every 14 days and lambs weighed every 28 days. GIN infection reached a peak at Day 42 (high FEC, low PCV). COWP effectively reduced FEC on Days 0 and 42 compared with the previous week, but did not reduce FEC on Days 84 and 126 (treatment by time interaction, P < 0.005). Plasma AST activity and weight gains were similar among treatment groups throughout the study period. Concentrations of copper in the liver on Day 155 were greater in COWP-treated lambs (P < 0.001), but all concentrations were normal. Multiple doses of COWP were as effective as levamisole for control of H. contortus without risk of copper toxicity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.030 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100017 PM 16574324 ER PT J AU Shaik, SA Terrill, TH Miller, JE Kouakou, B Kannan, G Kaplan, RM Burke, JM Mosjidis, JA AF Shaik, SA Terrill, TH Miller, JE Kouakou, B Kannan, G Kaplan, RM Burke, JM Mosjidis, JA TI Sericea lespedeza hay as a natural deworming agent against gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sericea lespedeza; hay; goats; condensed tannins; Haemonchus contortus ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION; SULLA HEDYSARUM-CORONARIUM; LUCERNE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; CONDENSED TANNINS; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; IN-VITRO; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; FORAGE; SHEEP AB Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), particularly Haemonchus contortus, is the biggest constraint to profitable goat production in the United States (US). Due to widespread prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in goat GIN, alternative, non-chemical control methodologies are needed to increase profitability of small ruminant industries. A study was designed to test the efficacy of a high condensed tannin (CT) legume, sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours. G. Don)] against GIN of goats fed in confinement. The goats were given a trickle infection of 500 H. contortus larvae/animal three times per week during the trial to simulate natural infection. Twenty Boer bucks (6-8 months old) were fed bermudagrass [BG, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay plus concentrate for 5 weeks in confinement and then 10 animals were switched to SL hay for an additional 7 weeks. Throughout the trial, feces and blood were collected weekly from individual animals to determine fecal egg count (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV). Fecal cultures were made weekly from pooled samples to determine treatment effects on GIN larval development. All goats were slaughtered at the end of the trial, with adult worms in the abomasum and small intestine of each goat recovered, counted, and identified to species. Feeding SL hay to goats significantly (P < 0.01) reduced FEC and increased PCV compared with BG hay. In addition, a lower percentage of ova in feces from SL-fed goats developed into infective (L3) larvae. There was a direct effect of SL hay on adult worms, with significantly (P < 0.01) lower numbers of both abomasal (H. contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta) and small intestinal (Trichostrongylus colubriformis) nematodes compared with goats fed BG hay. Feeding SL hay to goats is an effective means of controlling parasitic nematodes and may be a potential supplement/replacement for chemical anthelmintics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, DBSFRC, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM terrillt@fvsu.edu NR 37 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.020 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100018 PM 16564132 ER PT J AU Davey, RB George, JE Miller, RJ AF Davey, RB George, JE Miller, RJ TI Comparison of the reproductive biology between acaricide-resistant and acaricide-susceptible Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus; Boophilus; reproduction; resistance ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; OVIPOSITIONAL BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; COUMAPHOS; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; ANNULATUS; EFFICACY; SEQUENCE AB The reproductive fitness of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) strains resistant to organophosphate (OP), pyrethroid (P), or formamidine (F) acaricides was compared to an acaricide-susceptible (SUS) strain to determine whether the acquisition of resistance affected reproductive fitness in the resistant strains. The SUS strain females had a 3.0 days preoviposition period, a 12.1 days oviposition period, a 22.5 days egg incubation period. a mean of 3670 eggs per female. and a mean percentage egg hatch of 78.1%, which were all remarkably similar to these same parameters reported for this species throughout the world. The reproductive biology of the P-resistant strain (PYR) and the F-resistant strain (FOR) were, for the most part. similar to those of the SUS strain. In the few instances where statistical differences did occur there was little evidence that the variation had any biological basis that could be attributed to a reduction in fitness related to resistance to P or F acaricides. Although the comparison of reproductive parameters of the OP-resistant strain (OPR) and the SUS strain identified statistical differences between the mean egg incubation and oviposition periods, the magnitude of the differences was not sufficient to conclude that the OPR strain was biologically less fit than the SUS strain. However, the OPR strain produced 30% fewer eggs (2562 eggs per female) than the SUS strain (3670 eggs per female) indicating the acquisition of resistance placed the OPR at a selective disadvantage relative to the SUS strain. This coupled with a lower, though non-significant, egg hatch was used to predict there would be a reduction of at least 34.1% in larval numbers available to potentially re-infest subsequent cattle than were available from the SUS strain. These data may aid the development of management strategies that can be used to control OP-resistant ticks. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM Ronald.Davey@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.027 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100025 PM 16584844 ER PT J AU Morales, JA Chaves, AJ Visvesvara, GS Dubey, JP AF Morales, JA Chaves, AJ Visvesvara, GS Dubey, JP TI Naegleria fowleri-associated encephalitis in a cow from Costa Rica SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Naegleria fowleri; cattle; encephalitis; Costa Rica ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AB Species of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia are soil amoebae that can cause encephalitis in animals and humans. Of these, Naegleria fowleri is the cause of often fatal primary meningoencephalitis in humans. N. fowleri-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a cow that was suspected to have rabies. Only formalin-fixed brain was available for diagnosis. There was severe meningoencephalitis involving all parts of the brain and numerous amoebic trophozoites were present in lesions. The amoebae reacted with N. fowleri-specific polyclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. This is the first report of amoebic encephalitis in any host from Costa Rica. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma, Escuela Med Vet, Dept Pathol, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.011 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 055GV UT WOS:000238439100026 PM 16638625 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Saitoh, SI Miyake, K Hwang, DH AF Youn, HS Saitoh, SI Miyake, K Hwang, DH TI Inhibition of homodimerization of Toll-like receptor 4 by curcumin SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toll-like receptor 4; LPS; curcumin; phytochemical; MyD88; TRIF ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; INNATE IMMUNITY; DOWN-REGULATION; CUTTING EDGE; ACTIVATION; KINASE AB Toll-like receptors play a key role in sensing microbial components and inducing innate immune responses. Ligand-induced dimerization of TLR4 is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Thus, the receptor dimerization may be one of the first lines of regulation in activating TLR-mediated signaling pathways and induction of subsequent immune responses. LPS induces the activation of NF-kappa B and IRF3 through MyD88-or TRIF-dependent pathways. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in the plant Curcuma longa, has been shown to suppress the activation of NF-kappa B induced by various pro-inflammatory stimuli by inhibiting IKK beta kinase activity in MyD88-dependent pathway. Curcumin also inhibited LPS-induced IRF3 activation. These results imply that curcumin inhibits both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways in LPS-induced TLR4 signaling. However, in TRIF-dependent pathway, curcumin did not inhibit IRF3 activation induced by overexpression of TRIF in 293T cells. These results suggest that TLR4 receptor complex is the molecular target of curcumin in addition to IKK beta. Here, we report biochemical evidence that phytochemicals (curcumin and sesquiterpene lactone) inhibit both ligand-induced and ligand-independent dimerization of TLR4. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that small molecules with non-microbial origin can directly inhibit TLRs-mediated signaling pathways at the receptor level. These results imply that the activation of TLRs and subsequent immune/inflammatory responses induced by endogenous molecules or chronic infection can be modulated by certain dietary phytochemicals we consume daily. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Div Infect Genet, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, DK41868] NR 37 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.022 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 056HP UT WOS:000238513200007 PM 16678799 ER PT J AU Parris, N Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Singh, V Dickey, LC AF Parris, N Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Singh, V Dickey, LC TI Protein distribution in commercial wet- and dry-milled corn germ SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn germ; commercial wet-milled; dry-milled; laboratory preparation ID MAIZE; FRACTIONATION; GLUTEN AB To identify high-valued coproducts from commercially processed corn germ, it was necessary to determine the effect of processing conditions on corn germ proteins. We found that significantly less protein was extracted from commercial wet-milled as compared to dry-milled corn germ using Tris, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer containing 14 mM 2-mercaptoethanol at 100 degrees C for 10 min. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed a number of proteins with molecular masses ranging from approximately 10 to 66 kDa for the dry-milled corn germ as compared to only a few significant protein bands centered around 23 kDa in the wet-milled corn germ. The protein content of the wet- and dry-milled corn germ was approximately the same; however, nonprotein nitrogen values were significantly greater for the wet- milled than for the dry-milled germ. The distribution of fractionated germ protein freshly excised from the embryo of yellow dent corn kernels was more similar to that of dry-milled than wet- milled corn. SDS-PAGE of laboratory preparations of wet-milled corn germ more closely resembled commercial dry- than wet-milled corn germ, which could be attributed to limited microbial growth during steeping in the laboratory preparations. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Parris, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nparris@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 13 BP 4868 EP 4872 DI 10.1021/jf060336d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 054ZN UT WOS:000238418100052 PM 16787041 ER PT J AU Zhilenkov, EL Popova, VM Popov, DV Zavalsky, LY Svetoch, EA Stern, NJ Seal, BS AF Zhilenkov, E. L. Popova, V. M. Popov, D. V. Zavalsky, L. Y. Svetoch, E. A. Stern, N. J. Seal, B. S. TI The ability of flagellum-specific Proteus vulgaris bacteriophage PV22 to interact with Campylobacter jejuni flagella in culture SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHAGE-TYPING SCHEME; BROILER-CHICKENS; COLI; MIRABILIS; STRAINS; COLONIZATION; RESISTANCE; REDUCTION; RECOVERY; THERAPY AB Background: There has been a recent resurgent interest in bacteriophage biology. Research was initiated to examine Campylobacter jejuni-specific bacteriophage in the Russian Federation to develop alternative control measures for this pathogen. Results: A C. jejuni flagellum-specific phage PV22 from Proteus vulgaris was identified in sewage drainage. This phage interacted with C. jejuni by attachment to flagella followed by translocation of the phage to the polar region of the bacterium up to the point of DNA injection. Electron microscopic examination revealed adsorption of PV22 on C. jejuni flagella after a five minute incubation of the phage and bacteria. A different phenomenon was observed after incubating the mix under the same conditions, but for twenty minutes or longer. Phage accumulated primarily on the surface of cells at sites where flagella originated. Interestingly, PV22 did not inject DNA into C. jejuni and PV22 did not produce lytic plaques on medium containing C. jejuni cells. The constant of velocity for PV22 adsorption on cells was 7 x 10(-) (9) ml/min. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that a bacteriophage that productively infects P. vulgaris was able to bind C. jejuni and by a spot test that the growth of C. jejuni was reduced relative to control bacteria in the region of phage application. There may be two interesting applications of this effect. First, it may be possible to test phage PV22 as an antimicrobial agent to decrease C. jejuni colonization of the chicken intestine. Second, the phage could potentially be utilized for investigating biogenesis of C. jejuni flagella. C1 State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol, Obolensk, Russia. EM zavalsky@obolensk.org; zavalsky@obolensk.org; zavalsky@obolensk.org; zavalsky@obolensk.org; perelygin@obolensk.org; nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov; bseal@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD JUN 27 PY 2006 VL 3 AR 50 DI 10.1186/1743-422x-3-50 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 182KC UT WOS:000247502500001 PM 16803630 ER PT J AU Hartmann-Thompson, C Keeley, DL Gallagher, S AF Hartmann-Thompson, C Keeley, DL Gallagher, S TI Hydrogen-bond basic siloxane phosphonate polymers for surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Letter DE surface acoustic wave sensor; siloxane; phosphonate ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; SORBENT COATINGS; VAPOR; RESPONSES; ARRAYS; POLYSILOXANES; ESTERS C1 Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48642 USA. USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hartmann-Thompson, C (reprint author), Michigan Mol Inst, 1910 W St Andrews Rd, Midland, MI 48642 USA. EM Thompson@mmi.org NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 26 PY 2006 VL 115 IS 2 BP 697 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2005.10.037 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 045RY UT WOS:000237761000020 ER PT J AU Ding, M Feng, RT Wang, SY Bowman, L Lu, YJ Qian, Y Castranova, V Jiang, BH Shi, XL AF Ding, M Feng, RT Wang, SY Bowman, L Lu, YJ Qian, Y Castranova, V Jiang, BH Shi, XL TI Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a natural product derived from blackberry, exhibits chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ANTHOCYANIN-RICH; TUMOR PROMOTION; CELL-MIGRATION; MAP KINASES AB Epidemiological data suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer. Cyanidin-3- glucoside (C3G), a compound found in blackberry and other food products, was shown to possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity in the present study. In cultured JB6 cells, C3G was able to scavenge ultraviolet B-induced (OH)-O-center dot and O-2(center dot). radicals. In vivo studies indicated that C3G treatment decreased the number of non-malignant and malignant skin tumors per mouse induced by 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-initiated mouse skin. Pretreatment of JB6 cells with C3G inhibited UVB- and TPA-induced transactivation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These inhibitory effects appear to be mediated through the inhibition of MAPK activity. C3G also blocked TPAinduced neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells. In addition, C3G inhibited proliferation of a human lung carcinoma cell line, A549. Animal studies showed that C3G reduced the size of A549 tumor xenograft growth and significantly inhibited metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that C3G inhibited migration and invasion of A549 tumor cells. These finding demonstrate for the first time that a purified compound of anthocyanin inhibits tumor promoter- induced carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis in vivo. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effect Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ding, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effect Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mid5@cdc.gov RI Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012 NR 54 TC 151 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 25 BP 17359 EP 17368 DI 10.1074/jbc.M600861200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 053SV UT WOS:000238326300062 PM 16618699 ER PT J AU Bosma, WB Bartelt, RJ Momany, FA AF Bosma, WB Bartelt, RJ Momany, FA TI Determination of the preferred conformation of the bicyclic Galerucella pheromone using density functional theory optimization and calculations of chemical shifts SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; REACTION COORDINATE; MOLECULES; MODELS AB [GRAPHICS] A pheromone from the beetle, Galerucella calmariensis, was recently isolated and identified ( Bartelt, R. J. et al. J. Chem. Ecol. 2006, 32, 693-712) as a 14-carbon, bicyclic dimethylfuran lactone, with the systematic name 12,13-dimethyl-5,14-dioxabicyclo[ 9.2.1] tetradeca-1( 13), 11-dien-4-one. The main 12-membered lactone ring is very flexible; as a result, there exist multiple possible conformations. The preferred conformation cannot be deduced solely from room-temperature NMR measurements. Using density functional ( DFT) studies, 26 unique conformers with energies within 10.0 kcal/mol of the global minimum-energy structure were found. A mirror-image plane exists so that each conformer has an "inverse" structure with the same energy, for which the dihedral angles around the flexible ring have opposite sign. The isotropic H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts of the DFT-optimized structures were calculated using the gauge-including atomic orbital ( GIAO) method. By considering the relative energies of the conformers and the calculated and observed NMR spectra, we concluded that the molecule exists primarily as a mixture of two distinct conformers at room temperature, each being present with its mirror-image inverse. Structural interconversions among these likely occur on a time scale that is fast compared to the NMR experiments. Using mode-following and dihedral-driving techniques, several potential pathways were found for the conversion of the lowest-energy conformer to its mirror-image structure. Ab initio molecular dynamics ( AIMD) using the 4-31G basis set was carried out for 50 ps to test the availability of various low-energy minima and the transition states found from the searches noted above. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2006 VL 71 IS 13 BP 4748 EP 4758 DI 10.1021/jo0524730 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 053NR UT WOS:000238312300005 PM 16776499 ER PT J AU Weirich, CR Riche, M AF Weirich, CR Riche, M TI Acute tolerance of juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L., to ammonia and nitrite at various salinities SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus L.; ammonia; nitrite; salinity ID FRESH-WATER; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CHLORIDE UPTAKE; ACUTE TOXICITY; FISH; PERMEABILITY; TEMPERATURE; PROLACTIN; SALMON; GILLS AB The acute tolerance of juvenile Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus L. (mean weight +/- SE=8.1 +/- 0.5 g) to environmental unionized ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) at various salinities was determined via a series of static exposure trials. Median-lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of NH3-N and NO2-N at 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure were calculated at salinities of 6.3, 12.5 and 25.0 g L-1 at 28 degrees C (pH=8.23-8.36). Tolerance of pompano to acute NH3-N exposure was not affected by salinity, with 24, 48 and 96 h LC50 values ranging from 1.05 to 1.12, 1.00 to 1.08 and 0.95 to 1.01 mg NH3-N L-1 respectively. Regarding NO2-N, tolerance of pompano to this environmental toxicant was compromised at reduced salinities. Median-lethal concentrations of NO2-N to pompano at 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure ranged from 67.4 to 220.1, 56.9 to 140.7 and 16.7 to 34.2 mg NO2-N L-1 respectively. The results of this study indicate that juvenile Florida pompano are relatively sensitive to acute NH3-N and NO2-N exposure, and in the case of the latter, especially at lower salinities. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cweirich@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUN 22 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9 BP 855 EP 861 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01502.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 051EW UT WOS:000238145100002 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Harries, MD AF Schrader, KK Harries, MD TI A rapid bioassay for bactericides against the catfish pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioassay; catfish; columnaris; Edwardsiella ictaluri; enteric septicemia; Flavobacterium columnare ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; CELL-GROWTH; PLANTS; SURVIVAL; EXTRACTS AB The most common bacterial diseases in pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) are enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris, caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare respectively. Medicated feed containing antibiotics is one management approach that catfish producers use in the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the future use of all types of medicated feed in catfish aquaculture is uncertain. To discover effective alternatives to antibiotics, a rapid 96-well microplate bioassay utilizing E. ictaluri and F. columnare to evaluate natural compounds and extracts was developed. In this bioassay, bacterial growth is determined by absorbance measurements of microplate wells after 24 h incubation and then confirmed by detecting cell viability after the addition of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide with additional incubation for 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) are determined by graphing the absorbance data. The 24 h IC50 results of test compounds are compared with the 24 h IC50 results of the drug controls oxytetracycline and florfenicol. Among the antibiotics evaluated, doxycycline and tetracycline appear more effective against E. ictaluri and F. columnare than either drug control. This bioassay is rapid, reproducible and economical for evaluating a large number of compounds and extracts. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUN 22 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9 BP 928 EP 937 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01514.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 051EW UT WOS:000238145100010 ER PT J AU Biek, R Akamine, N Schwartz, MK Ruth, TK Murphy, KM Poss, M AF Biek, Roman Akamine, Naomi Schwartz, Michael K. Ruth, Toni K. Murphy, Kerry M. Poss, Mary TI Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE emigration; immigration; microsatellites; philopatry; Puma concolor; relatedness ID RELATEDNESS; PHILOPATRY; MAMMALS; COOPERATION; FITNESS; MARKERS; KINSHIP; BIRDS AB Male-biased dispersal is a common trait in mammals, including carnivores, but its genetic consequences at the population level have been rarely considered for solitary species. We used long-term genetic data from cougars (Puma concolor) in and around Yellowstone National Park to test predictions based on differences in dispersal behaviour among males and females. Consistent with frequent long-distance dispersal of males, we found support for our prediction of less than expected allele sharing in pair-wise comparisons. In contrast, female residents present at the same time and females separated by few generations failed to share more alleles than expected, contrary to our predictions based on limited female dispersal. However, we find that genetic contributions of females with higher reproductive success were still noticeable in subsequent generations, consistent with female offspring showing fidellity to their natal area. These results highlight the importance of male dispersal for inbreeding avoidance, but do not indicate that short-distance dispersal or philopatry in female cougars results in spatial clustering of related individuals. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59030 USA. RP Biek, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rbiek@emory.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Biek, Roman/0000-0003-3471-5357 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-1645-02] NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETT-UK JI Biol. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0437 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 103CE UT WOS:000241862500040 PM 17148391 ER PT J AU Dang, Z Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ AF Dang, Z Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ TI Influence of kraft pulping on carboxylate content of softwood kraft pulps SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; HEXENURONIC ACID; PAPER PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL PULP; FIBERS; CHARGE; WOOD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EQUILIBRIA; MICROSCOPY AB This study characterizes changes in fiber charge, which is the carboxylate content of fibers, for two sets of kraft pulps: ( 1) conventional laboratory cooked loblolly pine kraft pulps and ( 2) conventional pulping (CK) versus low solids pulping (LS) pulps. Laboratory kraft pulping of loblolly pine was carried out to study the influence of pulping conditions, including effective alkali ( EA), sulfidity, and pulping temperature, on fiber charge. The results indicated that, when pulping to the same H-factor, low EA charge and low pulping temperature are favorable for increasing bulk carboxylic acid group content of fibers. Sulfidity did not have an obvious effect on bulk or surface carboxylic acid group content of fibers. Surface charge was not significantly affected by pulping temperature. Bulk fiber charge has a linear relationship with water retention value. Roughnesses of holocellulose fiber handsheets were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). No apparent relationship between roughness and surface charge of holocellulose fibers was found, but unrefined holocellulose fibers exhibited at least 26% lower root-mean square (RMS) roughness values compared to refined holocellulose fibers. Another set of kraft pulps distinguished by conventional pulping and low solids pulping were investigated to determine the effect of H-factor and pulping protocol on fiber charge. When bulk fiber charge was plotted against kappa number, pulps from low solids pulping had a higher slope value than the conventional pulping pulps. The charge on holocellulose fibers approaches a constant value as pulping advances for both types of pulping processes. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM art.ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN 21 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 13 BP 4509 EP 4516 DI 10.1021/ie060203h PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 052UD UT WOS:000238258500007 ER PT J AU Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL AF Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL TI Effect of stability correction on remote sensing estimates of near-noon sensible heat flux of alfalfa and tall fescue grass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INFRARED TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RATIO; EVAPORATION; RESISTANCE; WHEAT; TIME AB Sensible heat flux ( H) can be an important component of the energy balance of earth surfaces, especially under dry soil conditions and incomplete canopy cover. Estimating H from remote sensing often requires correcting for atmospheric stability to account for the effect of buoyancy, and several simplified methods have been used to make this correction. In this study, data collected from alfalfa and tall fescue grass fields at Kimberly, Idaho, were used to: (1) determine how near-noon values of stability-corrected aerodynamic resistance for heat transfer (r(ahc)) calculated with seven different methods compared with those obtained using a standard micrometeorological method, (2) determine whether the method used to calculate rahc had a significant effect on near-noon H calculated using a remote sensing resistance model, and (3) assess the validity of the remote sensing model for determining near-noon H. It was found that discrepancies in rahc between methods, compared with the standard method, increased for low wind speeds (u(2)) (u(2) < 2m s(-1)), and there was good agreement for five of the seven methods compared for u(2) > 2 m s(-1). Those five methods also had good agreement with the standard method when they were used to calculate near-noon H for both surfaces. The agreement was good even for low u(2), despite the disagreement in rahc at low u(2). The other two methods were well correlated with the standard method, but showed significant bias. It was also found that near-noon H values obtained from remote sensing were well correlated with Bowen ratio measurements but were statistically different from each other for both surfaces. C1 W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Payero, JO (reprint author), W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, 461 W Univ Dr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. EM jpayero2@unl.edu RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011; Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 307 EP 328 DI 10.1080/01431160500222657 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 029PG UT WOS:000236576000005 ER PT J AU De Paoli, VM Lacerda, SHD Spinu, L Ingber, B Rosenzweig, Z Rosenzweig, N AF De Paoli, Vania M. Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Spinu, Leonard Ingber, Bruce Rosenzweig, Zeev Rosenzweig, Nitsa TI Effect of an oscillating magnetic field on the release properties of magnetic collagen gels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SWELLING-CONTROLLED RELEASE; FREE-BOUNDARY PROBLEMS; DRUG-DELIVERY; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; SIMULTANEOUS TRANSPORT; PENETRANT DIFFUSION; MEDICAL APPLICATION; SWELLABLE POLYMERS; GLASSY-POLYMERS; MATRICES AB The paper describes the effect of an oscillating magnetic field (OMF) on the morphology and release properties of collagen gels containing magnetic nanoparticles and microparticles and fluorescent drug analogues. Collagen gels were prepared through fibrillogenesis of collagen in the presence of iron oxide magnetic particles averaging 10 nm or 3 mu m in diameter and rhodamine-labeled dextran (Dex-R) of molecular weights between 3000-70000g/mol. Dextran molecules effectively simulate protein-based drugs, since they have similar molecular weights and dimensions. The paper discusses the effect of an OMF on the release properties of the gels and proposes an empirical model to predict the release rate. It also demonstrates the self-repair capability of collagen gels following the structural damage caused by an OMF. C1 Univ New Orleans, AMRI, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rosenzweig, N (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, AMRI, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 13 BP 5894 EP 5899 DI 10.1016/la060280h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 052FH UT WOS:000238217000062 PM 16768526 ER PT J AU Hoekenga, OA Maron, LG Pineros, MA Cancado, GMA Shaff, J Kobayashi, Y Ryan, PR Dong, B Delhaize, E Sasaki, T Matsumoto, H Yamamoto, Y Koyama, H Kochian, LV AF Hoekenga, OA Maron, LG Pineros, MA Cancado, GMA Shaff, J Kobayashi, Y Ryan, PR Dong, B Delhaize, E Sasaki, T Matsumoto, H Yamamoto, Y Koyama, H Kochian, LV TI AtALMT1, which encodes a malate transporter, is identified as one of several genes critical for aluminum tolerance in Arabidopsis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; electrophysiology; genetics; organic acid exudation ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION; THALIANA; WHEAT; ALMT1; ROOT; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; EFFLUX; APICES AB Aluminum (Al) tolerance in Arabidopsis is a genetically complex trait, yet it is mediated by a single physiological mechanism based on Al-activated root malate efflux. We investigated a possible molecular determinant for Al tolerance involving a homolog of the wheat Al-activated malate transporter, ALMT1. This gene, named AtALMT1(At1 g08430), was the best candidate from the 14-member AtALMT family to be involved with Al tolerance based on expression patterns and genomic location. Physiological analysis of a transferred DNA knockout mutant for AtALMT1 as well as electro-physiological examination of the protein expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed that AtALMT1 is critical for Arabidopsis Al tolerance and encodes the Al-activated root malate efflux transporter associated with tolerance. However, gene expression and sequence analysis of AtALMT1 alleles from tolerant Columbia (Col), sensitive Landsberg erecta (Ler), and other ecotypes that varied in Al tolerance suggested that variation observed at AtALMT1 is not correlated with the differences observed in Al tolerance among these ecotypes. Genetic complementation experiments indicated that the Ler allele of AtALMT1 is equally effective as the Col allele in conferring Al tolerance and Al-activated malate release. Finally, fine-scale mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for Al tolerance on chromosome 1 indicated that AtALMT1 is located proximal to this QTL. These results indicate that AtALMT1 is an essential factor for AI tolerance in Arabidopsis but does not represent the major Al tolerance QTL also found on chromosome 1. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Mol Biol & Genet Engn, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Gifu Univ, Fac Appl Biol Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Div Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Okayama Univ, Bioresources Res Inst, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu RI SASAKI, Takayuki/B-2518-2011; Delhaize, Emmanuel/I-6536-2013; Cancado, Geraldo/C-9090-2015; Maron, Lyza/B-5644-2008; OI SASAKI, Takayuki/0000-0001-8534-1346; Maron, Lyza/0000-0001-6475-2357; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Koyama, Hiroyuki/0000-0001-7139-9782; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 26 TC 214 Z9 249 U1 6 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 25 BP 9738 EP 9743 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602868103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 058JD UT WOS:000238660400063 PM 16740662 ER PT J AU Hunnicutt, LE Hunter, WB Cave, RD Powell, CA Mozoruk, JJ AF Hunnicutt, LE Hunter, WB Cave, RD Powell, CA Mozoruk, JJ TI Genome sequence and molecular characterization of Homalodisca coagulata virus-1, a novel virus discovered in the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; glassy-winged sharpshooter; insect; Pierce's disease; HoCV-1; Dicistroviridae; RNA virus; picorna-like virus; genome sequence; IRES ID PICORNA-LIKE-VIRUS; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI VIRUS; METHIONINE-INDEPENDENT INITIATION; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; CRICKET PARALYSIS VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AB The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel single-stranded RNA virus infecting the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata, has been determined. In silico analysis of H. eoagulata virus-1 (HoCV-1) revealed a 9321-nt polyadenylated genome encoding two large open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) separated by a 182-nt intergenic region (IGR). The deduced amino acid sequence of the 5'-proximal ORF (ORF1, in 420-5807) exhibited conserved core motifs characteristic of the helicases, cysteine proteases, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of other insect-infecting picorna-like viruses. A structural model created using Mfold exposed a series of stem loop (SL) structures immediately preceding the second ORF which are analogous to an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), suggesting that ORF2 begins with a noncognate GCA triplet rather than the canonical AUG. This 3' ORF2 (5990-8740) showed significant similarity to the structural proteins of members of the family Dicistroviridae, particularly those belonging to the genus Cripavirus. Evidence demonstrating relatedness of these viruses regarding genome organization, amino acid sequence similarity, and putative replication strategy substantiate inclusion of HoCV-1 into this taxonomic position. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.034 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 056YV UT WOS:000238561900007 PM 16574186 ER PT J AU Scheets, K Redinbaugh, MG AF Scheets, K Redinbaugh, MG TI Infectious cDNA transcripts of Maize necrotic streak virus: Infectivity and translational characteristics SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tombusvirus; infectious transcripts; maize necrotic streak virus; MNeSV; cap-independent translation; translational enhancer ID BUSHY-STUNT-VIRUS; CAP-INDEPENDENT TRANSLATION; CUCUMBER-NECROSIS-VIRUS; DEFECTIVE INTERFERING RNA; CYMBIDIUM-RINGSPOT-TOMBUSVIRUS; SUBGENOMIC MESSENGER-RNA; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; VIRAL-RNA; CRINKLE VIRUS; 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION AB Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV) is a unique member of the family Tombusviridae that is not infectious by leaf rub inoculation and has a coat protein lacking the protruding domain of aureusviruses, carmoviruses, and tombusviruses (Louie et al., Plant Dis. 84, 1133-1139, 2000). Completion of the MNeSV sequence indicated a genome of 4094 nt. RNA blot and primer extension analysis identified subgenomic RNAs of 1607 and 781 nt. RNA and protein sequence comparisons and RNA secondary structure predictions support the classification of MNeSV as the first monocot-infecting tombusvirus, the smallest tombusvirus yet reported. Uncapped transcripts from cDNAs were infectious in maize (Zea mays L.) protoplasts and plants. Translation of genomic and subgenomic RNA transcripts in wheat germ extracts indicated that MNeSV has a 3' cap-independent translational enhancer (3'CITE) located within the 3' 156 m. The sequence, predicted structure, and the ability to function in vitro differentiate the MNeSV 3'CITE from that of Tomato bushy stunt virus. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res & Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Scheets, K (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, 104 Life Sci E, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM kay.scheets@okstate.edu; redinbaugh.2@osu.edu RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.004 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 056YV UT WOS:000238561900017 PM 16545417 ER PT J AU Poester, FP Goncalves, VSP Paixao, TA Santos, RL Olsen, SC Schurig, GG Lage, AP AF Poester, FP Goncalves, VSP Paixao, TA Santos, RL Olsen, SC Schurig, GG Lage, AP TI Efficacy of strain RB51 vaccine in heifers against experimental brucellosis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus RB51; vaccination; heifers; cattle ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PREGNANT CATTLE; BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS; ABORTUS STRAIN-19; MUTANT STRAINS; ADULT CATTLE; WBOA GENE; INFECTION; ERADICATION; PROTECTION AB With the goal of providing an additional tool for controlling bovine brucellosis in Brazil and evaluating the full calf dose in adult cattle, the efficacy of the rough Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine was tested in heifers. Thirty-three females of approximately 24 months of age were divided in two groups: one group (n = 20) received the RB51 vaccine and the other group (n = 13) were used as non-vaccinated control. Animals in the vaccinated group were split in two sub-groups. One sub-group (n = 12) was vaccinated subcutaneously with 1.5 x 10(10) colony forming units (CFU) of RB51 at Day 0 of the experiment and the other sub-group (n = 8) was vaccinated subcutaneously with 1.6 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 at 60 days of gestation (Day 260 of the experiment). All cattle were challenged between 6 and 7 months of pregnancy with 3 x 108 CFU of the virulent strain 2308 of B. abortus by the conjunctival route. Vaccination with RB51 vaccine did not result in the production of any antibodies against the O-side chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as measured by conventional serological tests (rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPAT), standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME)). A total of 25% cumulative incidence of abortions was found in the vaccinated group, whereas in the control group the cumulative incidence was 62%. B. abortus RB51 was not isolated from any sample, and no abortions were produced by RB51 vaccination of females at 60 days of pregnancy. The results indicate that vaccination with RB51 prevented 59.4% of abortions, 58.6% of cow infections, and 61.0% of fetal infections. The relative risk (RR) revealed that non-vaccinated animals have 2.462 (95% CI 1.029-5.889) times higher risk of aborting than RB51-vaccinated animals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Escola Vet, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Minist Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimento, Lab Reg Apoio Anim, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Fac Agron & Med Vet, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lage, AP (reprint author), Caixa Postal 567, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM alage@vet.ufmg.br RI Santos, Renato/A-1134-2008; Paixao, Tatiane/A-2871-2013; Goncalves, Vitor/H-2688-2012 OI Santos, Renato/0000-0002-4830-0470; Paixao, Tatiane/0000-0001-8284-9902; Goncalves, Vitor/0000-0001-5083-9224 NR 51 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 19 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 25 BP 5327 EP 5334 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.020 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 058BF UT WOS:000238638400008 PM 16713034 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI The description of Moritiella Buffington, new genus (Hymenoptera : Figitidae : Eucoilinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Moritiella; Zaeucoila group; Eucoilinae; Figitidae; Cynipoidea; new species; new genus ID CYNIPOIDEA; PHYLOGENY AB The genus Moritiella Buffington, n. gen., is described, diagnosed and illustrated ( Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae). Two species new to science are described: M. elegans n. sp. and M. astrudae n. sp. Phylogenetic evidence suggests Moritiella is among the Zaeucoila group of genera, a group of eucoilines chiefly parasitic upon leaf-mining Agromyzidae ( Diptera). C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10 & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 19 PY 2006 IS 1237 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 062YX UT WOS:000238984000005 ER PT J AU Hicke, JA Logan, JA Powell, J Ojima, DS AF Hicke, Jeffrey A. Logan, Jesse A. Powell, James Ojima, Dennis S. TI Changing temperatures influence suitability for modeled mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-CYCLES; FOREST; FIRE; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SEASONALITY; DYNAMICS; SCALE; MAP AB [1] Insect outbreaks are significant disturbances in forests of the western United States, with infestation comparable in area to fire. Outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) require life cycles of one year with synchronous emergence of adults from host trees at an appropriate time of year (termed "adaptive seasonality'') to overwhelm tree defenses. The annual course of temperature plays a major role in governing life stage development and imposing synchrony on mountain pine beetle populations. Here we apply a process-based model of adaptive seasonality across the western United States using gridded daily temperatures from the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP) over the period 1895-2100. Historical locations of modeled adaptive seasonality overlay much of the distribution of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), a favored host, indicating that suitable temperatures for outbreak occurred in areas of host availability. A range of suitable temperatures, both in the mean and over an annual cycle, resulted in adaptive seasonality. Adaptive seasonality typically occurred when mean annual temperatures were 3 degrees-6 degrees C, but also included locations where mean temperatures were as low as 1 degrees C or as high as 11 degrees C, primarily as a result of variability in winter temperatures. For most locations, years of adaptive seasonality were uncommon during 1895-1993. We analyzed historical temperatures and adaptive seasonality in more detail in three northern forest ecoprovinces. In the Northern and Middle Rockies, areas of adaptive seasonality decreased at lower elevations and increased at higher elevations during warmer periods, resulting in a movement upward in elevation of adaptive seasonality. In contrast, the Cascade Mountains exhibited overall declines in adaptive seasonality with higher temperatures regardless of elevation. Projections of future warming (5 degrees C in the western United States) resulted in substantial reductions in the overall area of adaptive seasonality. At the highest elevations, predicted warmer conditions will result in increases in the area of adaptive seasonality. Our findings suggest that future climate change may alter forest ecosystems indirectly through alteration of these important disturbances. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jhicke@nrel.colostate.edu RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 55 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02019 DI 10.1029/2005JG000101 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YE UT WOS:000240991400001 ER PT J AU Weber, DC Rowley, DL Greenstone, MH Athanas, MM AF Weber, Donald C. Rowley, Daniel L. Greenstone, Matthew H. Athanas, Michael M. TI Prey preference and host suitability of the predatory and parasitoid carabid beetle, Lebia grandis, for several species of Leptinotarsa beetles SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE colarado potato beetle; biological control; host specificity; food choice ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; FECUNDITY; SIZE AB Lebia grandis (Coleoptera: Carabidae), recorded as a parasitoid only on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is capable of parasitizing the false potato beetle, L.juncta, and also L. haldemani. Historical records show that L. decemlineata, while the only recorded host, was not present in much of the original range of L. grandis, and may not have been its host prior to its expansion into eastern North America, where L.juncta is endemic. Our laboratory comparisons suggest that L.juncta, the presumptive original host, best supports the development of the parasitoid larval L. grandis, based On 43.6% successful emergence of the adult carabid parasitoid, compared to 11.5% from the two other Leptinotarsa species. L. grandis adults accept eggs and larvae of all 3 Leptinotarsa species as adult food. Naive, newly-emerged adults show no preference when presented the 3 species of third-instar larvae, which they consume at a mean rate of 3.3 per day, a rate which does not differ significantly by sex, larval host, or weight at emergence. When presented with equal amounts by weight of the 3 species of Leptinotarsa eggs, such adults consume the equivalent of 23.0 L. decemlineata eggs per day, with consumption of L.juncta eggs 67% higher by weight than L. decemlineata consumption. Insight into the biotic and abiotic limitations on L. grandis should aid in determining its potential for suppression of Colorado potato beetle by biological control in diverse agroecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weber, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM weberd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 9 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 085QC UT WOS:000240617600001 ER PT J AU Barrios, PR Reiersen, J Lowman, R Bisaillon, JR Michel, P Fridriksdottir, V Gunnarsson, E Stern, N Berke, O McEwen, S Martin, W AF Barrios, PR Reiersen, J Lowman, R Bisaillon, JR Michel, P Fridriksdottir, V Gunnarsson, E Stern, N Berke, O McEwen, S Martin, W TI Risk factors for Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Iceland SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter spp; broiler flocks; risk factors; logistic regression; ventilation system; Iceland ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; CHICKEN FLOCKS; JEJUNI; POULTRY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION AB We sampled 1091 Icelandic broiler flocks at slaughter from May 2001 to December 2003 to determine the prevalence of, and investigate risk factors for the presence of, Campylobacter spp. at the flock level. Approximately 15% of the flocks were positive for Campylobacter spp.; most (95%) of the infected flocks being raised during the months of April-September. Based on the data from the latter months, and using multivariable logistic regression with random effects for herd, we found that the odds of a flock being positive for Campylobacter spp. increased with age and flock size. Additionally, vertical ventilation systems were strongly associated with positive flocks (OR = 5.3). After controlling for these variables, we found no evidence of an effect of: year; company; Campylobacter being carried over from one flock to the next; time interval between flocks; using (at the hatcheries) eggs laid on the floor; density of bird housing, or the number of catch lots a flock was divided into for slaughtering purposes on the risk of a Campylobacter-positive flock. (c) 2006 Elsevier b.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Iceland Vet Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. Univ Iceland, Inst Expt Pathol, Reykjavik, Iceland. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Martin, W (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM swmartin@uoguelph.ca RI Berke, Olaf/F-7798-2010 OI Berke, Olaf/0000-0003-3537-0629 NR 64 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 BP 264 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.12.003 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 049UH UT WOS:000238042300002 PM 16430979 ER PT J AU Capua, I Brown, I Johnson, M Senne, D Swayne, D AF Capua, I Brown, I Johnson, M Senne, D Swayne, D TI Veterinary virologists share avian flu data SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Ist Zooprofilattico Venezie, I-35020 Padua, Italy. Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Surrey, England. CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Capua, I (reprint author), Ist Zooprofilattico Venezie, Viale Univ 10, I-35020 Padua, Italy. RI Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 312 IS 5780 BP 1597 EP 1597 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053EO UT WOS:000238288600013 PM 16778036 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Gitelson, A AF Zimba, Paul V. Gitelson, Anatoly TI Remote estimation of chlorophyll concentration in hyper-eutrophic aquatic systems: Model tuning and accuracy optimization SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; channel catfish; chlorophyll; cyanobacteria; remote sensing; turbidity ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; PLANT-LEAVES; NONDESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATION; OPTICAL TELEDETECTION; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; RADIANCE SPECTRA; INLAND WATERS; LAKE KINNERET; REFLECTANCE AB Accurate assessment of phytoplankton chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration by remote sensing is challenging in turbid hypereutrophic waters. This paper assessed methods to resolve this problem. A hand-held spectroradiometer was used to measure subsurface spectral reflectance (R) in the visible and near infrared range of the spectrum. Water samples were collected concurrently and contained variable chlorophyll a concentration (chl a from 107 to more than 3000 mg/m(3)) and turbidity (from 11 to 423 NTU) levels. The conceptual three-band model [R-1(lambda(1)) - R-1(lambda(2))] x R(lambda(3)) and its special case, the two-band model R(lambda(3))/R(lambda(1)), were spectrally tuned in accord with optical properties of the media to optimize spectral bands (lambda(1), lambda(2), and lambda(3)) for accurate chlorophyll a estimation. Strong linear relationships were established between analytically measured chl a and both the three-band [R-(1)(650) R-1(71 0)] x R(740) and the reflectance ratio model R(714)/R(650). The three-band model accounted for 7% more variation of chl a concentration than the ratio model (78 vs. 71%). Assessment of the model accuracy in dense algal blooms is hampered by the spatial and temporal inhomogeneity of algal distributions-in these waters, non-random algal distributions accounted for more than 20% spatial and up to 8% temporal variation in chlorophyll a concentration. The findings underlined the rationale behind the conceptual model and demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm for chl a retrieval in very turbid, hyper-eutrophic waters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM pzimba@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012; Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 55 TC 75 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 256 IS 1-4 BP 272 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.038 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054QT UT WOS:000238394400030 ER PT J AU Li, CS Wang, DF Portis, AR AF Li, CS Wang, DF Portis, AR TI Identification of critical arginine residues in the functioning of Rubisco activase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ATP binding/hydrolysis; arginine finger; AAA(+) protein; conformational change; oligomerization ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ATP GAMMA-PHOSPHATE; BINDING DOMAIN; PROTEASE FTSH; HYDROLYSIS; ATPASES; SUBSTRATE; AAA(+); MECHANISM AB Rubisco activase is a member of the AAA+ family in which arginines located in the Box VII and Sensor 2 domains are a recurrent feature and typically contribute to ATP-binding/hydrolysis or an inter-subunit interface. Replacement of R241 or R244 in Box VII or R294 or R296 in Sensor 2 with alanine in tobacco activase did not greatly alter the binding of ATP or ADP. However, ATP hydrolysis was minimal (R241A and R244A) or greatly diminished (R296A) and none of these mutants were able to activate Rubisco. R241, R244 and R296 were also required for nucleotide-dependent conformational changes detected by intrinsic fluorescence and limited proteolysis. ATP-induced oligomerization, monitored by gel filtration, was not observed with the wild type and mutant tobacco activases in contrast to spinach activase and a R239A mutant (corresponding to R244A in tobacco). Thus, there is not a strict correlation of oligomerization with ATP hydrolysis and intrinsic fluorescence. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 190 ERML,1201 W Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu RI Wang, Dafu/D-5417-2009 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 450 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2006.04.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 057GI UT WOS:000238583900007 PM 16712773 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Taitt, CR Fertig, S Moore, MH Lassman, ME Maragos, CA Shriver-Lake, LC AF Sapsford, KE Taitt, CR Fertig, S Moore, MH Lassman, ME Maragos, CA Shriver-Lake, LC TI Indirect competitive immunoassay for detection of aflatoxin B-1 in corn and nut products using the array biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE array biosensor; indirect competitive immunoassay; aflatoxin B-1; corn products; nut products ID IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID DETECTION; OCHRATOXIN-A; FOOD; MYCOTOXINS; SAMPLES; APPLICABILITY; IMMUNOSENSOR AB Because of the potential health risks of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)), it is essential to monitor the level of this mycotoxin in a variety of foods. An indirect competitive immunoassay has been developed using the NRL array biosensor, offering rapid, sensitive detection and quantification of AFB(1) in buffer, corn and nut products. AFB(1)-spiked foods were extracted with methanol and Cy5-anti-AFB(1) added to the resulting sample. The extracted sample/antibody mix was passed over a waveguide surface patterned with immobilized AFB1. The resulting fluorescence signal decreased as the concentration of AFB(1) in the sample increased. The limit of detection for AFB(1) in buffer, 0.3 ng/ml, was found to increase to between 1.5 and 5.1 ng/g and 0.6 and 1.4 ng/g when measured in various corn and nut products, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2298 EP 2305 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.10.021 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 043PN UT WOS:000237613700015 PM 16495044 ER PT J AU Jeremiason, JD Engstrom, DR Swain, EB Nater, EA Johnson, BM Almendinger, JE Monson, BA Kolka, RK AF Jeremiason, JD Engstrom, DR Swain, EB Nater, EA Johnson, BM Almendinger, JE Monson, BA Kolka, RK TI Sulfate addition increases methylmercury production in an experimental wetland SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY DEPOSITION; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; METHYL MERCURY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BOREAL ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACID-RAIN; PEATLAND AB Atmospheric mercury is the dominant Hg source to fish in northern Minnesota and elsewhere. However, atmospherically derived Hg must be methylated prior to accumulating in fish. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are thought to be the primary methylators of Hg in the environment. Previous laboratory and field mesocosm studies have demonstrated an increase in methylmercury (MeHg) levels in sediment and peatland porewaters following additions of sulfate. In the current ecosystem-scale study, sulfate was added to half of an experimental wetland at the Marcell Experimental Forest located in northeastern Minnesota, increasing annual sulfate load by approximately four times relative to the control half of the wetland. Sulfate was added on four separate occasions during 2002 and delivered via a sprinkler system constructed on the southeast half (1.0 ha) of the S6 experimental wetland. MeHg levels were monitored in porewater and in outflow from the wetland. Prior to the first sulfate addition, MeHg concentrations (filtered, 0.7 mu m) were not statistically different between the control (0.47 +/- 0.10 ng L-1, n = 12; mean +/- one standard error) and experimental 0.52 +/- 0.05 ng L-1, n = 18) halves. Following the first addition in May 2002, MeHg porewater concentrations increased to 1.63 +/- 0.27 ng L-1 two weeks after the addition, a 3-fold increase. Subsequent additions in July and September 2002 did not raise porewater MeHg, but the applied sulfate was not observed in porewaters 24 h after addition. MeHg concentrations in outflow from the wetland also increased leading to an estimated 2.4x increase of MeHg flux from the wetland. Our results demonstrate enhanced methylation and increased MeHg concentrations within the wetland and in outflow from the wetland suggesting that decreasing sulfate deposition rates would lower MeHg export from wetlands. C1 Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Chem, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res, Marine St Croix, MN 55047 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Jeremiason, JD (reprint author), Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Chem, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. EM jjeremia@gac.edu NR 41 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3800 EP 3806 DI 10.1021/es0524144 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 052FJ UT WOS:000238217200025 PM 16830545 ER PT J AU Concilio, A Ma, SY Ryu, SR North, M Chen, JQ AF Concilio, A Ma, SY Ryu, SR North, M Chen, JQ TI Soil respiration response to experimental disturbances over 3 years SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil CO2 efflux; thinning; burning; CASPO; shelterwood; patch type; management; interannual variability; Sierra Nevada ID SIERRAN MIXED-CONIFER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PINE FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; CARBON; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; RESTORATION; HARVEST AB Soil respiration is a major pathway for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems yet little is known about its response to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This study examined soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning treatments in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Experimental treatments were applied in 2001 using a full factorial design consisting of two levels of burning and three levels of thinning, and included: unburned-unthinned (UN), unburned-overstory thinned (US), unburned-understory thinned (UC), burned-unthinned (BN), burned-understory thinned (BC), and burned-overstory thinned (BS). We measured soil respiration rate (SRR), soil moisture (M-S), soil temperature (T-S), and litter depth (LD) for three replicates of each of three dominant patch types (closed canopy, open canopy, and ceanothus shrub) within each of the six treatments (n = 54). The same sampling points were measured from May to August in 2000 (pre-treatment) and in 2002, 2003, and 2004 (post-treatment). Within our sampling period there was as much as 37% variation (p = 0.0005) between years in the undisturbed patches, which appeared to be driven by changes in precipitation. SRR also varied by year in all treated plots (US: p = 0.0516; UC: p = 0.0006; BN: p = 0.0158; and BC: p = 0.0040), with the exception of BS (p = 0.3344). SRR response to disturbance varied with patch type, year, and treatment type. In most cases, burning and the combination of burning and thinning had less of an effect on mean SRR than thinning alone. Ceanothus patches appear to have recovered fastest, while treatment effects remained 3 years after thinning in closed canopy (p = 0.0483 and 0.0333 in UC and US, respectively) and open canopy patches (p = 0.0191 in US). Open canopy patches showed no response to any treatment aside from US. Both UC and US increased SRR in closed canopy and ceanothus patches, and US decreased SRR in open canopy patches. BS increased SRR in 2004 in closed canopy patches (p = 0.0108), but no significant changes occurred in any patch type in response to BN or BC treatments. Across all treatments, the relationship of SRR with temperature, moisture, and litter depth changed in post-disturbance years. The results of this study can be used to help understand how management of Sierran mixed-conifer forests affects soil carbon sequestration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Concilio, A (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM aconcilio@aibs.org RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800008 ER PT J AU Hummel, S Cunningham, P AF Hummel, S. Cunningham, P. TI Estimating variation in a landscape simulation of forest structure SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bootstrap sampling; forest dynamics; forest vegetation simulator; Monte Carlo simulation; probabilistic method ID FIRE; MANAGEMENT; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; NEIGHBOR; MODELS; OREGON; USA AB Modem technology makes it easy to show how forested landscapes might change with time but it remains difficult to estimate how sampling error affects landscape simulation results. To address this problem we used two methods to project the area in late-seral forest (LSF) structure for the same 6070 hectare (ha) study site over 30 years. The site was stratified into patches by using aerial photos and data were collected on sample plots within the stratum. Our two methods differed in how the initial forest conditions in unsampled patches were attributed. Using method 1, we randomly assigned empirical plot data from sampled patches to unsampled patches within the same stratum; with method 2 we bootstrapped the plot data to identify a probability distribution of LSF structure for a sampled patch and then randomly assigned these probabilities to unsampled patches within the same stratum. Both methods used an individual tree growth model to project changes in forest structure. In the first decade, the 'assignment' method produced an estimate of 2489 ha of LSF structure, an amount lying at the upper tail of the projection interval created by using the bootstrapped or 'probabilistic' method. The probabilistic method identified the variation in LSF structure within landscape stratum, the strata most likely to contribute to LSF structure, the projected mean area in LSF structure each decade, and the variation in hectares associated with the projections. Data maps from both methods, together with projection intervals from the probabilistic method, offer enhanced ways to communicate the potential variation in landscape simulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hummel, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM shummel@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.034 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800014 ER PT J AU Roberds, JH Strom, BL AF Roberds, JH Strom, BL TI Repeatability estimates for oleoresin yield measurements in three species of the southern pines SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE resin flow; sample size; within-tree variability; Pinus; Dendroctonus frontalis; allometry; host resistance ID BEETLE COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BARK BEETLES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ATTACK; TREES; FLOW; SIZE; BOLE AB Repeatability was estimated for constitutive oleoresin yield measurements in 10 stands of three species of pines native to southeastern United States. Trees of these species that discharge large quantities of oleoresin upon wounding are considered to be most resistant to attack by southern pine beetle (Dendroctonitsfrontalis Zimmermann). Oleoresin yield is usually measured from one or more small surface wounds cut into the bole at breast height. Because multiple measurements per tree are possible, phenotypic variation in oleoresin yield includes among- and within-tree components. Thus it is of interest to determine the repeatability or relative contribution of variation among trees to phenotypic variation in oleoresin yield observed in populations. In the sample of stands studied, repeatability estimates were moderate to moderately high (r = 0.43-0.77), with no stands displaying low repeatability. For most stands estimates were greater than 0.5, implying that variation among trees is greater than variability within trees. These results suggest that for most purposes, two measurements per tree are adequate for estimating tree resin yields at breast height. Because initial attacks of D. frontalis are believed to most frequently occur at bole heights of 3-5 m, measurements taken on trees in two loblolly pine stands were used to develop equations for predicting oleoresin yields at a height of 4.5 m from assessments made at 1.5 m. To obtain reasonably good predictions it was necessary to develop a unique equation for each site. In addition, a new expression for approximating the standard error of repeatability estimates is introduced. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Roberds, JH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM jroberds@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.005 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800023 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Block, WM White, GC AF Converse, Sarah J. Block, William M. White, Gary C. TI Small mammal population and habitat responses to forest thinning and prescribed fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; Neotoma mexicana; Peromyscus maniculatus; Pinus ponderosa; population density; Spermophilus lateralis; Tamias cinereicollis ID SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; MODEL SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; STAND AB We examined changes in small mammal habitat and densities of four small mammal species, including deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), ay-collared chipmunks (Tainias cinereicollis), golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), and Mexican woodrats, (Neotorna inexicana), 2-3 years after thinning and prescribed fire treatments in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona, US. These treatments were designed to simultaneously reduce high-severity fire risk while returning forests to conditions more representative of pre-European settlement structure and function. Treatments resulted in changes in important components of small mammal habitat, including increased herbaceous vegetation, decreased shrub density, and decreased woody debris. Deer mouse densities were negatively related to tree densities. Gray-collared chipmunks were negatively affected by treatment, negatively related to tree density, and positively related to woody debris. Golden-mantled ground squirrels did not appear to vary strongly with either treatment or treatment-related habitat changes, but appeared to be somewhat positively related to shrub cover. Mexican woodrats were positively related to shrub cover, and were positively, but weakly, related to woody debris. Overall. forest thinning can be expected to increase densities of small mammals in these forests, and retention of slash in fuel reduction/restoration treatments may further increase small mammal densities in the post-treatment community. However, reduction of shrubs and woody debris with overly frequent prescribed fire entries may reduce small mammal densities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 NR 59 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.006 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800028 ER PT J AU Franzreb, KE AF Franzreb, KE TI Implications of home-range estimation in the management of red-cockaded woodpeckers in South Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE home range; red-cockaded woodpecker; minimum convex polygon; fixed kernel estimator; Savannah River Site; South Carolina ID FORAGING HABITAT; SIZE; AUTOCORRELATION; TERRITORY; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; MODELS; AREAS AB I undertook a behavioral study to determine red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) home-range size at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. In this location, because much of the timber was harvested in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the available habitat largely consisted of younger trees (e.g., less than 45 years old), not generally considered prime habitat for this species. From 1992 to 1995, I observed seven groups of red-cockaded woodpeckers to determine year-round home-range size. Most of the previous home-range studies on this species used the minimum convex polygon approach to estimate the size of the home range. I compared the minimum convex polygon and fixed kernel home-range estimation methods for each group. I found that the fixed kernel method gave consistently smaller estimates of home range than did the minimum convex polygon, a result directly related to the methodologies of the techniques. Mean home-range sizes for the 95% level were 56.9 +/- 5.2 S.E. ha with the fixed kernel versus 91.9 +/- 11.7 S.E. ha with the minimum convex polygon. Core area (50%) means were 4.5 +/- 0.5 S.E. ha for the fixed kernel versus 16.7 +/- 2.4 S.E. ha with the minimum convex polygon. It is recommended that future home-range studies use the fixed kernel estimator rather than the minimum convex polygon as it gives a more realistic and appropriate depiction of the area actually used by the birds within a given group. In estimating the number of groups that may be accommodated in a particular area, the mean home-range size as well as its shape need to be considered. Home-range size estimates at the Savannah River Site were similar to those obtained elsewhere in the species' range. Red-cockaded woodpeckers, in spite of the prevalence of relatively young forest structure, did not increase their home-range size to compensate for the paucity of older, more mature pine habitat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, USDA So Res Stn, So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Franzreb, KE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, USDA So Res Stn, So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Franzreb@utk.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.007 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800029 ER PT J AU Waring, RH Milner, KS Jolly, WM Phillips, L McWethy, D AF Waring, RH Milner, KS Jolly, WM Phillips, L McWethy, D TI Assessment of site index and forest growth capacity across the Pacific and Inland Northwest USA with a MODIS satellite-derived vegetation index SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE 3-PG model; remote sensing; site index; productivity; map ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA; USE EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTIVITY MODEL; PONDEROSA PINE; CARBON BALANCE; 3-PG; ECOSYSTEM; OREGON; GROSS AB It is difficult to map forest growth potential across regions with different environmental conditions from limited field measurements of productivity. Climatically sensitive biophysical models and remotely sensed data on vegetation offer the potential to overcome this problem. We combine both approaches in this paper. We calibrated the midsummer value of NASA's MODIS instrument's enhanced vegetation index (EVI) against site indices (SI) mapped at 10 widely dispersed locations for Douglas-fir or ponderosa pine, ranging in height from 16 to 48 m at 50 years (age at breast height). Median values of EVI derived from a 3 km x 3 km grid centered on commercial forest lands of known productive capacities produced a linear regression with site indices (R-2 = 0.83). We matched stand growth properties generated by a physiologically based stand growth model (3-PG) with site-specific yield tables and inferred from model predictions, as well as from the literature, that a close relation exists between maximum leaf area index (max L), maximum periodic annual increment (max PAI), and SI. We tested the ability of median EVI to predict SI values derived from height and tree age measurements made at 5263 federal inventory and analysis (FIA) survey plots in Oregon with comparable success (R-2 = 0.53) to that derived from previous application of 3-PG using 1 km resolution of climate and soil data. Based on the general agreement between the two approaches, we used mid-summer EVI valves to generate a 1 km resolution map predicting spatial variation in SI of Douglas-fir over 630.000 km(2) in the Pacific and Inland Northwest, U.S.A. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Waring, RH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Richard.Waring@oregonstate.edu; kelsey@forestry.umt.edu; mjolly@fs.fed.us; lphillips@montana.edu; dmcwethy@montana.edu RI Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014 OI Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.019 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 055OU UT WOS:000238460800030 ER PT J AU Dunowska, M Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA AF Dunowska, M Morley, PS Traub-Dargatz, JL Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA TI Impact of hospitalization and antimicrobial drug administration on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of horses SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; HUMAN-ORIGIN; HUMAN HEALTH; GENES; STRAINS; EMERGENCE; INTEGRONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective-To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli strains isolated from the feces of horses and investigate relationships with hospitalization and antimicrobial drug (AMD) administration. Design-Observational study. Animals-68 hospitalized horses that had been treated with AMDs for at least 3 days (HOSP-AMD group), 63 hospitalized horses that had not received AMDs for at least 4 days (HOSP-NOAMD group), and 85 healthy horses that had not been hospitalized or treated with AMDs (community group). Procedures-Fecal samples were submitted for bacterial culture, and up to 3 E coli colonies were recovered from each sample. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 724 isolates was evaluated. Prevalence of resistance was compared among groups by use of log-linear modeling. Results-For 12 of the 15 AMDs evaluated, prevalence of antimicrobial resistance differed significantly among groups, with prevalence being highest among isolates from the HOSP-AMD group and lowest among isolates from the community group. Isolates recovered from the HOSP-AMD and HOSP-NOAMD groups were also significantly more likely to be resistant to multiple AMDs. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were most common, followed by resistance to gentamicin and resistance to tetracycline. Use of a potentiated sulfonamide, amino-glycosides, cephalosporins, or metroniclazole was positively associated with resistance to 1 or more AMDs, but use of penicillins was not associated with increased risk of resistance to AMDs. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that both hospitalization and AMD administration were associated with prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among E coli strains isolated from the feces of horses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 12 BP 1909 EP 1917 DI 10.2460/javma.228.12.1909 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 051OK UT WOS:000238170200026 PM 16784384 ER PT J AU Borgesen, CD Jacobsen, OH Hansen, S Schaap, MG AF Borgesen, Christen D. Jacobsen, Ole H. Hansen, Soren Schaap, Marcel G. TI Soil hydraulic properties near saturation, an improved conductivity model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE near saturated hydraulic conductivity; macropores; optimisation method ID UNSATURATED SOILS; WATER-RETENTION; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; FIELD AB The hydraulic properties near saturation can change dramatically due to the presence of macropores that are usually difficult to handle in traditional pore size models. The purpose of this study is to establish a data set on hydraulic conductivity near saturation, test the predictive capability of commonly used hydraulic conductivity models and give suggestions for improved models. Water retention and near saturated and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured for a variety of 81 top and subsoils. The hydraulic conductivity models by van Genuchten [van Genuchten, 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44, 892-898.] (vGM) and Brooks and Corey, modified by Jarvis [Jarvis, 1991. MACRO-A Model of Water Movement and Solute Transport in Macroporous Soils. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Soil Sciences. Reports and Dissertations 9.] were optimised to describe the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the range measured. Different optimisation procedures were tested. Using the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity in the vGM model tends to overestimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Optimising a matching factor (k(0)) improved the fit considerably whereas optimising the I-parameter in the vGM model improved the fit only slightly. The vGM was improved with an empirical scaling function to account for the rapid increase in conductivity near saturation. Using the improved models, it was possible to describe both the saturated and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity better than a previously published model by Jarvis. The pore size boundary of the macropores was found at a capillary pressure of -4 hPa corresponding to a circular pore diameter of 750 gm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Agro Ecol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Inst Agr Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Borgesen, CD (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Agro Ecol, POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. EM christen.borgesen@agrsci.dk RI Hansen, Soren/F-6840-2014 OI Hansen, Soren/0000-0002-5483-6853 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 324 IS 1-4 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 056VQ UT WOS:000238553600004 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Heathman, GC Jackson, TJ Cosh, MH AF Starks, PJ Heathman, GC Jackson, TJ Cosh, MH TI Temporal stability of soil moisture profile SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture profile; remote sensing experiments; time domain reflectometry; watershed ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; WATER CONTENT; FIELD; CALIBRATION; PERSISTENCE AB The temporal stability of soil moisture protile across the 610 km(2) Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW), located in southwestern Oklahoma, is investigated. Experimental data were acquired by time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. TDR data were routinely collected at eight locations during the months of June and July in 1997 and in July 2003, coincident with large-scale hydrological remote sensing experiments. Analyses were performed to determine if a subset of the TDR sites could be used to represent watershed averages (i.e. sensor network averages) of soil water content at various levels in the soil profile, as well as in the total profile. The results show that two of the eight TDR sites were temporally stable. One site consistently underestimated and the other consistently overestimated watershed average soil water content at all levels in the soil profile. Because the offset between these under- and over-estimates and the watershed mean are known, these sites can be used to determine the watershed mean values of soil water content at all levels in the profile, as well as to provide ranges of soil water content within the watershed. Identification of these temporally stable sites within the LWERW will assist in the validation of coarse spatial resolution surface soil moisture products derived from remote sensing experiments, as well as providing data sets for watershed hydrologic modeling of subsurface soil water contents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM pstarks@grl.ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 28 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 324 IS 1-4 BP 400 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 056VQ UT WOS:000238553600027 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Gower, ST Running, SW Zhao, MS Costa, MH Kirschbaum, AA Ham, JM Saleska, SR Ahl, DE AF Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Gower, ST Running, SW Zhao, MS Costa, MH Kirschbaum, AA Ham, JM Saleska, SR Ahl, DE TI Evaluation of MODIS NPP and GPP products across multiple biomes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; landsat; net primary production; gross primary production; biomes; validation; global; monitoring ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA-INDEX; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; LANDSAT-ETM+ DATA; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; GROWING-SEASON AB Estimates of daily gross primary production (GPP) and annual net primary production (NPP) at the 1 km spatial resolution are now produced operationally for the global terrestrial surface using imagery from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor. Ecosystem-level measurements of GPP at eddy covariance flux towers and plot-level measurements of NPP over the surrounding landscape offer opportunities for validating the MODIS NPP and GPP products, but these flux measurements must be scaled over areas on the order of 25 km(2) to make effective comparisons to the MODIS products. Here, we report results for such comparisons at 9 sites varying widely in biome type and land use. The sites included arctic tundra, boreal forest, temperate hardwood forest, temperate conifer forest, tropical rain forest, tallgrass prairie, desert grassland, and cropland. The ground-based NPP and GPP surfaces were generated by application of the Biome-BGC carbon cycle process model in a spatially-distributed mode. Model inputs of land cover and leaf area index were derived from Landsat data. The MODIS NPP and GPP products showed no overall bias. They tended to be overestimates at low productivity sites - often because of artificially high values of MODIS FPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy), a critical input to the MODIS GPP algorithm. In contrast, the MODIS products tended to be underestimates in high productivity sites - often a function of relatively low values for vegetation light use efficiency in the MODIS GPP algorithm. A global network of sites where both NPP and GPP are measured and scaled over the local landscape is needed to more comprehensively validate the MODIS NPP and GPP products and to potentially calibrate the MODIS NPP/GPP algorithm parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr & Environm Engn, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Newton, MA 02160 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu RI Costa, Marcos/A-5695-2009; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010 OI Costa, Marcos/0000-0001-6874-9315; NR 64 TC 225 Z9 256 U1 25 U2 169 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 054VF UT WOS:000238406000008 ER PT J AU Jia, GJ Burke, IC Goetz, AFH Kaufmann, MR Kindel, BC AF Jia, GJ Burke, IC Goetz, AFH Kaufmann, MR Kindel, BC TI Assessing spatial patterns of forest fuel using AVIRIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; fuel; spectral mixture analysis; conifer forest; Colorado Front Range ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; REGIMES; LIDAR AB Montane coniferous forests and woodlands in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains have been subject to increased wildfire in recent years. The area and intensity of these fires is strongly dependent upon the spatial variability and type of fuels as they are arrayed across the landscape. Considering the size of the patches and the mosaic of fuel materials, high spectral and spatial resolution estimates of vegetation components and fuel types are needed to improve fire risk assessment, especially around the wildland/urban interface. Here we used highly resolved remotely sensed imagery, in combination with several spectral techniques to map major forest components and fuel types in montane coniferous forests in the Colorado Front Range by discriminating the fractional covers of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) and bare soil at a sub-pixel level. An accuracy assessment based on a dataset including 34 field transects indicated that we could explain fractional cover of 73.5%, 40.3%, and 77.6% for PV, NPV, and soil respectively through the use of hyperspectral indicators. Based on the fractional cover of these components, we were able to assess the spatial patterns of vegetation and fuel characteristics at a landscape scale. Throughout the study areas, PV fractions were dominant (48.7%), followed by NPV (28.8%) and soil (22.5%). However, due to microclimate and disturbances such as fire, insect infestations and forest management practices, the spatial distribution of fractions was highly heterogeneous. There was a high fraction of PV in mature forest and on north-facing slopes, and a high fraction of NPV and bare soil in areas with recent disturbance such as fire or insect infestation. In severely burned areas, bare soil was dominant. Fuel treatments reduced the fraction of PV by 11.7%, and increased fractions of NPV by 7.4% and bare soil by 4.5%. These results suggest that hyperspectral remote sensing can be an excellent indicator of not only fuel fractional cover, but of fuel condition after fire, thereby greatly improving regional fire risk assessment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, RCE TEA, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Colorado State Univ, Ctr Study Earth Space, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jia, GJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jiong@virginia.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.025 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 054VF UT WOS:000238406000011 ER PT J AU Chappell, A Zobeck, TM Brunner, G AF Chappell, A Zobeck, TM Brunner, G TI Using bi-directional soil spectral reflectance to model soil surface changes induced by rainfall and wind-tunnel abrasion SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil erodibility; wind tunnel; rainfall simulator; bi-directional soil spectral reflectance model; canonical ordination; redundancy analysis ID DUST ENTRAINMENT; INFORMATION; EROSION; REGION AB To improve wind erosion model calculations across several spatial and temporal scales simultaneously, there is a requirement for a noninvasive approach that can be used rapidly to assess changes in the compositional and structural nature of a soil surface in time and space. Remote sensing allows consideration of the processes controlling erodibility on the same spatial continuum to avoid time-consuming and expensive fieldwork. Multi-angular spectral reflectance appears to provide a holistic framework for the measurement and calculation of soil surface characteristics remotely using ground-based radiometers and current and future generations of angular sensors on airborne and satellite platforms. To investigate the utility of this framework, a ground-based study was performed using three soils susceptible to wind erosion that were modified using rainfall simulation and wind tunnel abrasion experiments. Measurements of those changes were made and recorded using digital images. Multi-angular spectral measurements of reflectance were also made and inverted against a bi-directional soil spectral reflectance model. Comparison of the measurements and calculations showed good agreement with small errors in accuracy. Optimised values of the model parameters produced the single scattering albedo and a description of the reflectance scattering behaviour of the soil surfaces that included an estimate of roughness. The model parameters removed the effect of illumination and viewing geometry on the spectral reflectance. The combination of single-scattering albedo spectra and model parameters for each treatment provided information about the composition and structure of the soil surface changes. The main changes detected at the soil surface included the presence of a crust produced by rain-splash, the production of loose erodible material covering a rain crust and the selective erosion of the soil surface. Redundancy analysis showed that much of the variation in the values of the soil reflectance model parameters was explained by the scattering properties and the roughness parameter of the soil surfaces. Variation in the soil surface reflectance was not explained solely by soil type. Instead, low intensity rainfall combined with short and long duration abrasion explained a significant portion. These findings provide a source of considerable variation in experimental and operational spectral reflectance measurements that has perhaps hitherto been largely ignored. The results demonstrated the readily available information on the composition and structure of the soil surface without interfering with natural processes. The directional soil reflectance methodology appears to have potential for use in improving the understanding of erodibility and ultimately for identifying and quantifying soil erosion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Salford, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Chappell, A (reprint author), Univ Salford, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM a.chappell@salford.ac.uk RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; Chappell, Adrian/A-7058-2011 OI Chappell, Adrian/0000-0002-0694-7348 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 328 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.020 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 054VF UT WOS:000238406000012 ER PT J AU Lippolis, JD Peterson-Burch, BD Reinhardt, TA AF Lippolis, JD Peterson-Burch, BD Reinhardt, TA TI Differential expression analysis of proteins from neutrophils in the periparturient period and neutrophils from dexamethasone-treated dairy cows SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophil proteomics; bovine ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPOXILIN A(3); ADHESION MOLECULES; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; BLOOD NEUTROPHILS; BINDING PROTEIN; L-SELECTIN; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CATTLE AB Neutrophils play an important role in the host immune system's defense against pathogens. It has been established that neutrophil functionality is suppressed in dairy cows at parturition. The periparturient immunosuppression seen in dairy cattle is associated with an increase in the incidence of mastitis. Using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents we have measured relative protein expression from normal prepartum neutrophils and neutrophils isolated during immunosuppression at parturition. We found over 40 proteins that are differentially expressed at parturition compared to prepartum. In addition, we measured relative protein expression from normal neutrophils and neutrophils obtained from cows treated with an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone. We found over 70 proteins are differentially expressed during dexamethasone treatment. We then compared protein expression changes in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression to periparturient immunosuppression. A number of proteins underwent similar expression changes in both dexamethasone and periparturient immunosuppressed neutrophils. Most significantly, we found a significant number of proteins whose relative expression was not the same for these two different conditions that cause neutrophil dysfunction. The data demonstrates that there are both similarities and differences in neutrophil protein expression in the naturally occurring immunosuppression observed at parturition compared to dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression in the bovine neutrophil. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Grp, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lippolis, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jlippolis@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.12.001 PG 16 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 044IW UT WOS:000237666700003 PM 16430970 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Minion, FC Davis, WC AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Minion, FC Davis, WC TI Antigen-specitic proliferation and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reindeer; Mycobacterium bovis; rESAT6; CFP10; CD44; CD62L; CD172a ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DELTA-T-CELLS; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; IN-VITRO; ADHESION MOLECULES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FUSION PROTEIN AB To evaluate antigen-specific proliferative and activation-associated responses from Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer, blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis- (n = 10) and non-infected reindeer (n = 4) were stimulated with a recombinant early secretory antigenic target-6 and culture filtrate protein-10 fusion protein (rESAT6:CFP10), M. bovis purified protein derivative, pokeweed mitogen. or medium alone and evaluated by flow cytometry using dye tracker analysis and cell surface marker staining. gamma delta TCR+ and CD8(+) cells, but not CD4(+) cells, from M. bovis-infected reindeer proliferated in response to specific antigen stimulation. Expression (i.e., mean fluorescence intensity) of CD44 was increased and CD62L decreased on proliferative as compared to non-proliferative fractions in antigen- and mitogen-stimulated cultures. In response rESAT6:CFP10 stimulation, MHC II fluorescence intensity was increased on CD4(+), gamma delta TCR+, CD172a(+), and IgM(+) cells from infected reindeer as compared to that of non-stimulated cells from the same reindeer. Recombinant ESAT6:CFP10 stimulation also induced expansion of a CD172a(+), MHCII+ population within mononuclear cell cultures from M. bovis-infected reindeer. Despite a moderate challenge dose and extended duration of incubation, experimental infection of reindeer was generally limited to lymph nodes draining the inoculation site, suggestive of host resistance to progressive disease. Present in vitro findings, therefore, may be predictive of host responses by reindeer that limit progression to disseminated disease. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.022 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 044IW UT WOS:000237666700013 PM 16584788 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Mitchell, SM Yang, JB Dubey, JP Gogal, RM Witonsky, SG AF Lindsay, DS Mitchell, SM Yang, JB Dubey, JP Gogal, RM Witonsky, SG TI Penetration of equine leukocytes by merozoites of Sarcocystis neurona SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horse; lymphocyte; Sarcocystis neurona; merozoites; schizont ID ARMADILLO DASYPUS-NOVEMCINCTUS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; NEUROLOGIC-DISEASE; INTERMEDIATE HOST; ISOSPORA-SUIS; SPOROCYSTS; INFECTION; HORSES AB Horses are considered accidental hosts for Sarcocystis neurona and they often develop severe neurological disease when infected with this parasite. Schizont stages develop in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause the neurological lesions associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. The present study was done to examine the ability of S. neurona merozoites to penetrate and develop in equine peripheral blood leukocytes. These infected host cells might serve as a possible transport mechanism into the CNS. S. neurona inerozoites penetrated equine leukocytes within 5 thin of co-culture. Infected leukocytes were usually monocytes. Infected leukocytes were present up to the final day of examination at 3 days. Up to three merozoites were present in an infected monocyte. No development to schizont stages was observed. All stages observed were in the host cell cytoplasm. We postulate that S. neurona merozoites may cross the blood brain barrier hidden inside leukocytes. Once inside the CNS these merozoites can egress and invade additional cells and cause encephalitis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Edward Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.057 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 049LQ UT WOS:000238018300024 PM 16517080 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Tissue residues and urinary excretion of zilpaterol in sheep treated for 10 days with dietary zilpaterol SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE analysis; ELISA; HPLC; LC-MS/MS; zilpaterol; residue ID ADRENERGIC AGONIST ZILPATEROL; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ILLEGAL USE; CLENBUTEROL; ASSAY AB Zilpaterol is beta-adrenergic growth promoter approved in Mexico and South Africa for use in cattle. Understanding the rates of zilpaterol depletion from tissues and urine is of interest for the development of strategies to detect the off-label use of zilpaterol. Eight sheep were fed 0.15 mg/kg/day dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax) for 10 consecutive days; two sheep each were slaughtered 0, 2, 5, and 9 days after discontinuation of exposure to the zilpaterol-containing diet. Tissue zilpaterol levels rapidly decreased during the withdrawal period. On the basis of LC-MS/MS-ES (external standard) measurements, liver zilpaterol residues in sheep were 29.3, 1.5, 0.13, and 0.10 ng/g after 0, 2, 5, and 9 day withdrawal periods, respectively; kidney residues were 29.6, 1.10, and 0.09 ng/g and below the detection limit; and muscle residues were 13.3, 0.86, 0.12, and 0.08 ng/g at the same respective withdrawal periods. Between- animal variation in urinary zilpaterol concentrations during the feeding period was considerable, although zilpaterol concentrations converged somewhat as steady state was reached. During the first 3 days of the withdrawal period, zilpaterol elimination followed a first-order excretion pattern, having an average elimination half- life of 15.3 +/- 1.8 h. Urinary zilpaterol concentrations during the withdrawal period were determined using ELISA, HPLC-fluorescence, LC-MS/MS-ES (external standard), and LC-MSMS-IS (internal standard). Comparison of these methods showed a high correlation with each other. With the exception of LC-MS/MS-IS, the regression coefficients of the linear equations with a zero intercept were between 0.90 and 1.25, indicating the near equivalence of the methods. Because of its simplicity, ELISA is a convenient assay for determining zilpaterol levels in urine giving similar results to HPLC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS-ES without requiring the extensive cleanup of the latter methods. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4155 EP 4161 DI 10.1021/jf060552m PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 050PR UT WOS:000238100900014 PM 16756341 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Bean, SR Alavi, S Herrman, TJ Waniska, RD AF Lee, KM Bean, SR Alavi, S Herrman, TJ Waniska, RD TI Physical and biochemical properties of maize hardness and extrudates of selected hybrids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maize hardness; extrusion; zein; alpha-zeins; hydrophobicity; disulfide formation; starch fragmentation; extrudate property ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; WHEAT-STARCH; CORN FLOUR; DISULFIDE BONDS; AMYLOSE CONTENT; ENDOSPERM; ZEIN; GELATINIZATION; BEHAVIOR AB Protein and starch determinants of maize kernel hardness and extruded products were characterized to better define the role of endosperm texture during extrusion. Maize physical properties were correlated with total proteins and zein subclasses (p < 0.01). The extrusion process significantly altered protein solubility and increased protein fragmentation as measured by RP-HPLC and size exclusion chromatography. Harder grits and extrudates demonstrated higher amylose content, lower degree of starch damage, and fragmentation at different screw speeds than softer grits and extrudates. Differences in extrudate expansion ratio, water absorption index, water solubility index, oil absorption capacity, and breaking stress between harder and softer hybrids were related to protein aggregation and fragmentation as well as starch damage and fragmentation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Herrman, TJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. EM tjh@otsc.tamu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 14 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 4260 EP 4269 DI 10.1021/jf053101v PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 050PR UT WOS:000238100900028 PM 16756355 ER PT J AU Mohan, JE Ziska, LH Schlesinger, WH Thomas, RB Sicher, RC George, K Clark, JS AF Mohan, JE Ziska, LH Schlesinger, WH Thomas, RB Sicher, RC George, K Clark, JS TI Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global change; forest ecology; Rhus radicans ID URUSHIOL; PLANTS; DERMATITIS; ENRICHMENT; FOREST; VINES; LIANAS; CELLS; OAK AB Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO2. Rising CO2 is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. in this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO2 in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO2 growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO2 plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more "toxic" in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USDA ARS, Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mohan, JE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jmohan@oeb.harvard.edu; schlesin@duke.edu RI Clark, James/G-6331-2011 NR 35 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 13 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 24 BP 9086 EP 9089 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602392103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 054ID UT WOS:000238369100035 PM 16754866 ER PT J AU Johansson, RC Cooper, J Peters, M AF Johansson, Robert C. Cooper, Joseph Peters, Mark TI An agri-environmental assessment of trade liberalization SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; trade reform; environment AB This paper assesses the potential agri-environmental impacts on the United States of liberalizing world agricultural trade. We examine how the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries might influence agricultural production decisions and subsequently affect environmental quality in the United States. The estimated changes in U.S. agricultural production under the ambitious assumption of full agricultural trade liberalization are well within the bounds of average annual variation for agricultural commodity production (Fig. 2). In this context, our results suggest that, for the United States as a whole, environmental impacts stemming from such hypothesized trade shocks would also fall within the average annual variation. This generalization aside, we note that the estimated changes in commodity production and subsequent environmental impacts are not uniform across the landscape, with increases in agricultural production and the environmental indicators in some regions or sectors and decreases in others. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Johansson, RC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,S-4195, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rjohanss@ers.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.05.018 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 054VR UT WOS:000238407200003 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Beeri, O Liebig, M AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Beeri, Ofer Liebig, Mark TI Landscape estimation of canopy C : N ratios under variable drought stress in Northern Great Plains rangelands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FEATURES; LITTER QUALITY; LANDSAT-5 TM; NITROGEN; CLIMATE; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; AMERICA AB Plant carbon/nitrogen ratio ( C: N) exerts significant control over net primary production ( NPP) for most biomes, yet remote quantification at ecosystem scales is often hindered by coarse spatial resolution and by the influence of variable plant water content on spectral absorption. Consequently, remote sensing - based estimates for ecosystem properties can be masked by hectare-scale landscape patchiness and by drought stress. We approached the water content problem first by identifying those spectra sensitive to plant C: N but not sensitive to varying intensities of plant water stress under controlled conditions. Then we tested formulae developed at a plant scale with monocultures on mixed-grass prairie field plots several times during the growing season and derived an optimum rangeland C: N formula ( RCNF). The RCNF was evaluated on pastures under experimental grazing treatments using mid-resolution, multispectral sensors. Delineation of canopy C: N within and between pastures was achieved under variable canopy moisture conditions using either Landsat 5 or ASTER spectral data. Landsat 5 canopy C: N ratios were estimated four times during the 2004 growing season with < 14% error ( RMSE = 3.1). Estimates tracked field measurements, with greater C: N ratios in April ( between 30 and 34) and lower C: N in September ( between 24 and 27). We also tested the RCNF on ASTER satellite data on experimental grazing treatments and found ASTER estimates were within 9.6% of field measurements ( RSME = 1.5). Spatial and temporal variability among grazing treatments and collections times were similar to remote estimates despite variable plant moisture, indicating that rangeland C: N may be quantified using current, economical, satellite sensors within +/- 3 C: N units. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ N Dakota, Ctr Peoples & Environm, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM phillips@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009; Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02015 DI 10.1029/2005JG000135 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090YB UT WOS:000240991100001 ER PT J AU Subbaiah, CC Palaniappan, A Duncan, K Rhoads, DM Huber, SC Sachs, MM AF Subbaiah, Chalivendra C. Palaniappan, Ashok Duncan, Kateri Rhoads, David M. Huber, Steven C. Sachs, Martin M. TI Mitochondrial localization and putative signaling function of sucrose synthase in maize SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; PLANT MITOCHONDRIAL; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; CELLULOSE; IMPORT; NUCLEUS; BINDING AB In many organisms, an increasing number of proteins seem to play two or more unrelated roles. Here we report that maize sucrose synthase ( SUS) is distributed in organelles not involved in sucrose metabolism and may have novel roles beyond sucrose degradation. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that among the three maize SUS isoforms, SH1 protein has a putative mitochondrial targeting peptide (mTP). We validated this prediction by the immunodetection of SUS in mitochondria. Analysis with isoform-specific antisera revealed that both SH1 and SUS1 are represented in mitochondria, although the latter lacks a canonical mTP. The SUS2 isoform is not detectable in mitochondria, despite its presence in the cytosol. In maize primary roots, the mitochondrion-associated SUS (mtSUS; which includes SH1 and SUS1) is present mostly in the root tip, indicating tissue-specific regulation of SUS compartmentation. Unlike the glycolytic enzymes that occur attached to the outside of mitochondria, SH1 and SUS1 are intramitochondrial. The low abundance of SUS in mitochondria, its high Km value for sucrose, and the lack of sucrose in mitochondria suggest that mtSUS plays a non-sucrolytic role. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicate that SUS interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel in an isoform-specific and anoxia-enhanced manner and may be involved in the regulation of solute fluxes into and out of mitochondria. In several plant species, at least one of the SUS proteins possesses a putative mTP, indicating the conservation of the noncatalytic function across plant species. Taken together, these observations suggest that SUS has a novel noncatalytic function in plant cells. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Medwest Area Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, MWA Soybean Maize Germplasm, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Subbaiah, CC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Subbaiah.Chalivendra@asu.edu OI Palaniappan, Ashok/0000-0003-2841-9527 NR 59 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 23 BP 15625 EP 15635 DI 10.1074/jbc.M600366200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 049DM UT WOS:000237996000006 PM 16606624 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, H Souza, SC Zhang, HH Strissel, KJ Christoffolete, MA Kovsan, J Rudich, A Kraemer, FB Bianco, AC Obin, MS Greenberg, AS AF Miyoshi, H Souza, SC Zhang, HH Strissel, KJ Christoffolete, MA Kovsan, J Rudich, A Kraemer, FB Bianco, AC Obin, MS Greenberg, AS TI Perilipin promotes hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated adipocyte lipolysis via phosphorylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPID STORAGE DROPLETS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; TRANSLOCATION; PROTEIN; KINASE; METABOLISM AB Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is the predominant lipase effector of catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. HSL-dependent lipolysis in response to catecholamines is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of perilipin A (Peri A), an essential lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein. It is believed that perilipin phosphorylation is essential for the translocation of HSL from the cytosol to the LD, a key event in stimulated lipolysis. Using adipocytes retrovirally engineered from murine embryonic fibroblasts of perilipin null mice (Peri(-/-) MEF), we demonstrate by cell fractionation and confocal microscopy that up to 50% of cellular HSL is LD-associated in the basal state and that PKA-stimulated HSL translocation is fully supported by adenoviral expression of a mutant perilipin lacking all six PKA sites (Peri A Delta 1-6). PKA-stimulated HSL translocation was confirmed in differentiated brown adipocytes from perilipin null mice expressing an adipose-specific Peri A Delta 1-6 transgene. Thus, PKA-induced HSL translocation was independent of perilipin phosphorylation. However, Peri A Delta 1-6 failed to enhance PKA-stimulated lipolysis in either MEF adipocytes or differentiated brown adipocytes. Thus, the lipolytic action(s) of HSL at the LD surface requires PKA-dependent perilipin phosphorylation. In Peri(-/-) MEF adipocytes, PKA activation significantly enhanced the amount of HSL that could be cross-linked to and co-immunoprecipitated with ectopic Peri A. Notably, this enhanced cross-linking was blunted in Peri(-/-) MEF adipocytes expressing Peri A Delta 1-6. This suggests that PKA-dependent perilipin phosphorylation facilitates (either direct or indirect) perilipin interaction with LD-associated HSL. These results redefine and expand our understanding of how perilipin regulates HSL-mediated lipolysis in adipocytes. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martin.obin@tufts.edu; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI Bianco, Antonio/A-4965-2008; MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012 OI Bianco, Antonio/0000-0001-7737-6813; FU NIA NIH HHS [AG024635]; NIDDK NIH HHS [IH DK-50647, P30 DK-34928]; NINDS NIH HHS [P30 NS047243] NR 43 TC 152 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 23 BP 15837 EP 15844 DI 10.1074/jbc.M601097200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 049DM UT WOS:000237996000032 PM 16595669 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Ozek, T Kirimer, N Baser, KHC Bedir, E Khan, IA Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, N Demirci, B Ozek, T Kirimer, N Baser, KHC Bedir, E Khan, IA Wedge, DE TI Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella species gathered from Central and Northern Turkey SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Pimpinella anisetum; Pimpinella anisum; Pimpinella affinis; Pimpinella cappadocica var. cappodocica; Pimpinella flabellifolia; Pimpinella isaurica; Pimpinella kotschyana; Pimpinella nudicaulis; Pimpinella olivieroides; Pimpinella peucedanifolia; Pimpinella rhodantha; Pimpinella saxifraga; Pimpinella tragium ssp lithophila; Pimpinella tragium ssp polyclada; Pimpinella tragium ssp pseudotragium; monoterpenes; sesquiterpenes; trinorsesquiterpens; phenylpropanoids ID CANARY-ISLANDS; AERIAL PARTS; SPAIN AB Essential oils from 15 Pimpinella species were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. One species, Pimpinella anisum, in which only fruits were evaluated, was also included in the study. A total of 140 different compounds were identified and significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the samples. Pimpinella essential oils were characterized as having mono-, sesqui- and trinorsesquiterpenoids, propenylphenols, and pseudoisoeugenols. Trinorsesquiterpenoids and phenylpropanoids appear to be chemical markers of Pimpinella species analyzed thus far. Essential oils obtained from Pimpinella roots share the same principal compound, epoxypseudoisoeugenyl-2-methylbutyrate at concentrations from 20 to 82.6%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Bioengn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Tabanca, N (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ntabanca@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 1117 IS 2 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.075 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 049HC UT WOS:000238005800011 PM 16616174 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Matukumalli, LK Sonstegard, TS Shade, LL Van Tassell, CP AF Liu, George E. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Sonstegard, Tad S. Shade, Larry L. Van Tassell, Curtis P. TI Genomic divergences among cattle, dog and human estimated from large-scale alignments of genomic sequences SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN COMPARATIVE MAP; MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; GENE FAMILY; ELEMENTS; DNA; COVARIATION; MOUSE; CTSB; MICROSATELLITES AB Background: Approximately 11 Mb of finished high quality genomic sequences were sampled from cattle, dog and human to estimate genomic divergences and their regional variation among these lineages. Results: Optimal three-way multi-species global sequence alignments for 84 cattle clones or loci ( each > 50 kb of genomic sequence) were constructed using the human and dog genome assemblies as references. Genomic divergences and substitution rates were examined for each clone and for various sequence classes under different functional constraints. Analysis of these alignments revealed that the overall genomic divergences are relatively constant (0.32 - 0.37 change/site) for pairwise comparisons among cattle, dog and human; however substitution rates vary across genomic regions and among different sequence classes. A neutral mutation rate (2.0 - 2.2 x 10(- 9) change/site/year) was derived from ancestral repetitive sequences, whereas the substitution rate in coding sequences (1.1x 10(-9) change/site/year) was approximately half of the overall rate (1.9-2.0 x 10(- 9) change/site/year). Relative rate tests also indicated that cattle have a significantly faster rate of substitution as compared to dog and that this difference is about 6%. Conclusion: This analysis provides a large-scale and unbiased assessment of genomic divergences and regional variation of substitution rates among cattle, dog and human. It is expected that these data will serve as a baseline for future mammalian molecular evolution studies. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gliu@anri.barc.usda.gov; lmatukum@gmu.edu; tads@anri.barc.usda.gov; lshade@anri.barc.usda.gov; curtvt@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 7 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 140 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-140 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 071WC UT WOS:000239633600001 PM 16759380 ER PT J AU Funk, JL Giardina, CP Knohl, A Lerdau, MT AF Funk, Jennifer L. Giardina, Christian P. Knohl, Alexander Lerdau, Manuel T. TI Influence of nutrient availability, stand age, and canopy structure on isoprene flux in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON ALLOCATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; UNITED-STATES; DOUGLAS-FIR; PHOTON FLUX; WHITE OAK; MODEL AB [1] Eucalyptus plantations occupy approximately 10 million ha of land in the tropics and, increasingly, afforestation and reforestation projects are relying on this genus to provide rapid occupation of degraded sites, large quantities of high-quality wood products, and high rates of carbon sequestration. Members of the genus Eucalyptus are also very high emitters of isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound emitted by trees in tropical ecosystems, which significantly influences the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. While fertilization growth response of these trees has been intensively studied, little is known about how fertilization and tree age alter isoprene production from plantations of these trees. Here we examined the effects of fertilization and tree age on leaf-level isoprene flux from 2- and 6-year-old trees in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest in Hawaii. Leaf-level emission at a given canopy height did not differ between fertilized and unfertilized 6-year-old trees likely because leaf nitrogen content did not vary with fertilization. Across treatments, however, the standardized emission rate of isoprene (emission at a standard light and temperature) followed patterns of leaf N content and declined with canopy depth. Although leaf nitrogen content was similar between 2- year and 6-year fertilized trees, leaf-level emission rates declined with stand age. Surprisingly, despite differences in stand leaf area and leaf area distribution, modeled canopy-level isoprene flux was similar across stands varying in fertilization and tree age. Model results suggest that leaf area index was high enough in all treatments to absorb most of the light penetrating the canopy, leading to similar canopy flux rates despite the very different sized canopies. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New York, NY USA. USDA, Forestry Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Funk, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM funk@stanford.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Funk, Jennifer/B-6328-2009; Lerdau, Manuel/E-7320-2011; Knohl, Alexander/F-9453-2014 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Lerdau, Manuel/0000-0003-1864-0834; Knohl, Alexander/0000-0002-7615-8870 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 7 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G2 AR G02012 DI 10.1029/2005JG000085 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090XY UT WOS:000240990800001 ER PT J AU Gao, XA La Valley, M Tucker, KL AF Gao, XA La Valley, M Tucker, KL TI Human papillomavirus testing and liquid-based cytology: Results at recruitment from the new technologies for cervical cancer randomized controlled trial - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID PROSTATE-CANCER; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; RISK; CALCIUM; COHORT; HEALTH; DIET; MEN C1 Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Rs Program, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Rs Program, USDA, HNRCA, 711Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 7 PY 2006 VL 98 IS 11 BP 795 EP 795 DI 10.1093/jnci/djj216 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 054PE UT WOS:000238390300016 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Carroll, MJ LeClere, S Phipps, SM Meredith, J Chourey, PS Alborn, HT Teal, PEA AF Schmelz, EA Carroll, MJ LeClere, S Phipps, SM Meredith, J Chourey, PS Alborn, HT Teal, PEA TI Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE elicitor; guard hypothesis; indirect perception; insect herbivory; plant defense ID ZEA-MAYS; PARASITIC WASPS; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; ELICITOR; VOLICITIN; RESPONSES; SIGNALS; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLITES AB Plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond with targeted induced defenses. Specificity in plant non-self-recognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. indirect plant perception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence for analogous events mediating the detection of insect herbivores remains elusive. Here we report indirect perception of herbivory in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants attacked by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae. We isolated and identified a disulfide-bridged peptide ((+)ICDlNGVCVDA(-)), termed inceptin, from S. frugiperda larval oral secretions that promotes cowpea ethylene production at 1 fmol leaf(-1) and triggers increases in the defense-related phytolhormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Inceptins are proteolytic fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit regulatory regions that mediate plant perception of herbivory through the induction of volatile, phenylpropanoid, and protease inhibitor defenses. Only S. frugiperda larvae that previously ingested chloroplastic ATP synthase gamma-subunit proteins and produced inceptins significantly induced cowpea defenses after herbivory. Digestive fragments of an ancient and essential plant enzyme, inceptin functions as a potent indirect signal initiating specific plant responses to insect attack. C1 USDA, Chem Res Unit, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA, Chem Res Unit, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 37 TC 153 Z9 170 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 6 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 23 BP 8894 EP 8899 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602328103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053BK UT WOS:000238278400056 PM 16720701 ER PT J AU Wicker, JA Whiteman, MC Beasley, DWC Davis, CT Zhang, SL Schneider, BS Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT AF Wicker, JA Whiteman, MC Beasley, DWC Davis, CT Zhang, SL Schneider, BS Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT TI A single amino acid substitution in the central portion of the West Nile virus NS4B protein confers a highly attenuated phenotype in mice SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Flavivirus; NS4B protein; attenuated phenotype; cysteine ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; VISCEROTROPIC STRAIN; VACCINE; TYPE-4; NEUROVIRULENCE; REPLICATION AB West Nile virus (WNV) NS4B is a small hydrophobic nonstructural protein that is hypothesized to participate both in viral replication and evasion of host innate immune defenses. The protein has four cysteine residues (residues 102, 120, 227, and 237). Since cysteines are often critical for the function of proteins, each of the four cysteine residues found in WNV NS4B was mutated to serine by site-directed mutagenesis. While three of these substitutions had little effect on replication or mouse virulence phenotypes, the C102S mutation was associated with a temperature-sensitive phenotype at 41 degrees C as well as attenuation of the neuroinvasive and neurovirulence phenotypes in mice. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Pathol, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Barrett, ADT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Pathol, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev,Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infec, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM abarrett@utmb.edu OI Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI 7526] NR 20 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2006 VL 349 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.007 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 053AF UT WOS:000238274900001 PM 16624366 ER PT J AU Morin, E Goodrich, DC Maddox, RA Gao, XG Gupta, HV Sorooshian, S AF Morin, E Goodrich, DC Maddox, RA Gao, XG Gupta, HV Sorooshian, S TI Spatial patterns in thunderstorm rainfall events and their coupling with watershed hydrological response SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE spatial patterns; rainfall; weather radar; rain cell; thunderstorms; distributed hydrological models ID TEMPORAL MODEL; CATCHMENT RESPONSE; STORM RAINFALL; RUNOFF; SCALE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; UNCERTAINTY; ALGORITHM; COVERAGE AB Weather radar systems provide detailed information on spatial rainfall patterns known to play a significant role in runoff generation processes. In the current study, we present an innovative approach to exploit spatial rainfall information of air mass thunderstorms and link it with a watershed hydrological model. Observed radar data are decomposed into sets of rain cells conceptualized as circular Gaussian elements and the associated rain cell parameters, namely, location, maximal intensity and decay factor, are input into a hydrological model. Rain cells were retrieved from radar data for several thunderstorms over southern Arizona. Spatial characteristics of the resulting rain fields were evaluated using data from a dense rain gauge network. For an extreme case study in a semi-arid watershed, rain cells were derived and fed as input into a hydrological model to compute runoff response. A major factor in this event was found to be a single intense rain cell (out of the five cells decomposed from the storm). The path of this cell near watershed tributaries and toward the outlet enhanced generation of high flow. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to cell characteristics indicated that peak discharge could be a factor of two higher if the cell was initiated just a few kilometers aside. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Geog, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Morin, E (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Geog, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM msmorin@mscc.huji.ac.il RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 64 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 843 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.07.014 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 043AK UT WOS:000237571500005 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD Liebig, MA Hanson, JD AF Krupinsky, JM Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD Liebig, MA Hanson, JD TI Crop sequence effects of 10 crops in the northern Great Plains SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE diverse cropping systems; crop rotation; rotation effect ID YIELD REDUCTION; WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; SOIL; SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; ADAPTATION; ROTATION; PRAIRIES AB Dynamic cropping systems, which involve a long-term strategy of annual crop sequencing, require detailed information oil management components known to influence crop performance. Considering that proper sequencing of crops is an important component for successful dynamic cropping systems, a research project was undertaken to determine the advantages and/or disadvantages of previous crop and crop residues for numerous crop sequences. A multi-disciplinary team of scientists evaluated crop sequence effects of 10 crops (barley, canola, crambe, dry bean, dry pea, flax, safflower, soybean, spring wheat, and sunflower) on seed yield, soil coverage by residue, soil water use, surface soil properties, and plant diseases in central North Dakota. Two years were required to establish a crop by crop residue matrix (crop matrix). During the second year (site 1, 1999; site 2, 2000) 10 crops were evaluated with a crop matrix. During the third and fourth year spring wheat (site 1, 2000; site 2, 2001) and sunflower (site 1, 2001; site 2, 2002). respectively, were seeded over the crop matrix. The seed yield of four crops (crambe, flax, safflower, and soybean) of the 10 crops evaluated ill the crop matrix was influenced by the preceding crop at site 1 in 1999 an above average moisture year. The seed yield of eight crops (canola, crambe, dry bean, flax, safflower, soybean, spring wheat, and barley) was influenced by the preceding crop at site 2 in 2000 a more average precipitation year. Some of the lowest seed yields-were obtained when a crop was seeded oil its own residue. A synthesis of seed yield data from a given year provided overall values for positive and negative effects of crops and crop residue on subsequent crops. In general, the three legume crops had positive effects in contrast to non-leguminous crops, which usually had negative effects. However, sunflower was an exception among the non-leguminous crops; at site 2 in 2000, sunflower was positive for subsequent crops compared with canola or crambe, which had negative effects. Crop sequences composed of small cereal grains had the highest soil coverage by residue while sequences of two dicotyledonous species had considerably lower coverage. Soil water use among crops varied, ranging from sunflower with the numerically highest soil water use to dry pea with the least. Significant changes in surface soil properties due to crops were generally not detected in this short-term project. Given the variation in Sclerotinia disease incidence for canola, crambe, safflower, and sunflower within the crop matrix, it was difficult to detect significant differences based on the previous crop. Differences were evident two years later when the highest incidence of Sclerotinia basal stalk rot for sunflower was detected in plots where crambe was grown two years earlier. During the third year, when spring wheat was seeded over a crop matrix, spring wheat yields increased following 23 and 19 crop sequence treatments out of a possible 100 at site 1 and site 2, respectively, compared to the continuous wheat treatment. All crop sequence treatments that yielded better than the continuous wheat treatment were comprised of mostly non-cereal crops, demonstrating the positive impact of crop diversity on cereal crop production. The severity of leaf spot diseases on spring wheat were affected by crop sequence and fungal spore production was greatest on the continuous wheat treatment. Even though decreases in leaf spot disease severity and modest yield increases were obtained with some crop sequence treatments, significant ield increases due to reduced leaf spot disease severity were not obtained under our conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 0459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM krupinsj@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 227 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.03.011 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 027PW UT WOS:000236428500007 ER PT J AU Chander, S Ahuja, LR Peairs, FB Aggarwal, PK Kalra, N AF Chander, S Ahuja, LR Peairs, FB Aggarwal, PK Kalra, N TI Modeling the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and weeds in winter wheat as guide to management SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE economic injury level; Russian wheat aphid; simulation models; weeds; winter wheat ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; DOWNY BROME; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; YIELD LOSS; HOMOPTERA; INTERFERENCE; DENSITY; REPRODUCTION; DAMAGE AB Infocrop, a generic crop growth model was used to simulate the effect of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) damage on winter wheat at Fort Collins and Akron, Colorado state, USA,. Observed and simulated yield reductions in four experiments over a period of two years were found to be closely related (R-2 = 0.85). The aphid damage mechanisms coupled to the crop growth model could thus be validated through field experimental data. Economic injury levels for Russian wheat aphids determined with the validated model revealed that winter wheat was more prone to aphid attack during early growth stages than during late tillering and heading. Economic injury level changed among years and were directly related to cost of control but inversely related to market value of winter wheat. Infocrop and GPFARM were used to Simulate effect of downy brome weed.. Bromus tectorum L., at Hays, Kansas state, USA and Cheyenne, Wyoming state.. USA and jointed goat grass, Aegilops cylindrica Host at Archer, Wyoming, USA on winter wheat. Both models simulated the effect of downy brome on winter wheat well. The average observed and simulated yield reductions with Infocrop over a period of three years were closely related (R-2 = 0.941). The effect of jointed goat grass on winter wheat was simulated appropriately by GPFARM but not by Infocrop for want of required data on relative weed cover. Validated simulation models can be used for various applications such as for establishing economic thresholds and devising iso-loss curves for the pests. Simulation models have a great potential as guides for optimal pesticide use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. Indian Agr Res Inst, Unit Simulat & Informat, New Delhi 110012, India. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM laj.ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 494 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.07.009 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 027PW UT WOS:000236428500019 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA TI Pasture and cattle responses to fertilization and endophyte association in the southern Piedmont, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; broiler litter; cattle gain; endophyte free; novel endophyte; wild endophyte ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; GRAZED TALL FESCUE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; STRESS TOLERANCE; PERSISTENCE; INFECTION; GRASSES AB A 3-year experiment was conducted to determine pasture and cattle responses to tall fescue-endophyte association (free, novel, and wild endophyte associated with 'Jesup' cultivar) and fertilization source (inorganic and broiler litter). Fertilization source had only minor or no effects on botanical composition, forage mass, cattle stocking rate, and yearly cattle performance and productivity. However, cattle performance and production were greater with broiler litter than with inorganic fertilization during summer, but lower in autumn and winter, suggesting a difference in timing of nutrient availability to forage due to mineralization of organic nutrients in broiler litter. Pastures with wild endophyte association either had higher forage mass during some periods or were able to carry more cattle than other endophyte associations. Cattle performance was lower with wild than with other endophyte associations at all times of the year, except in summer. Cattle gain in winter was not different among endophyte associations (64 kg ha(-1); p = 0.43), was lower in spring with wild endophyte than with other endophyte associations (244 kg ha(-1) versus 302 kg ha(-1); p = 0.04), was higher in summer with wild endophyte (147 kg ha(-1) versus 117 kg ha(-1); p < 0.001), and was lower in autumn with wild endophyte (97 kg ha(-1) versus 129 kg ha(-1); p = 0.10). Seasonal differences in pasture responses to fertilization and endophyte association suggested that management options could be developed to avoid or limit toxic cattle responses to wild endophyte. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 114 IS 2-4 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.003 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032LT UT WOS:000236776600007 ER PT J AU Peterson, CE Szaro, RC AF Peterson, Charles E. Szaro, Robert C. TI Building a foundation for sustainable science-based forest management: Long-term multi-purpose experiments in the forest sector - Foreword SO ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Peterson, CE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM cepeterson@fs.fed.us; rszaro@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0002-5852 J9 ALLG FORST JAGDZTG JI Allg. Forst Jagdztg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6-7 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065EK UT WOS:000239142000001 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Peterson, CE von Gadow, K AF Szaro, R. C. Peterson, C. E. von Gadow, K. TI Operational experiments for sustainably managing forests SO ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG LA English DT Article DE sustainable forest management; forest ecological experiments; uncertainty; continuous cover; ecosystem management ID SILVICULTURE AB Historically, applied manipulative studies of forests have tested the ability of specific silvicultural treatments to address wood production objectives. Changing societal values now demand expanded approaches to forest management that also integrate social, ecological, and economic goals. As a result, many recent (past decade) experimental manipulations have become multi-disciplinary in scope and approach and involve restorative treatments, novel silvicultural approaches or variants of more traditional approaches that are relevant to operational scales. We examine a wide range of manipulative forest ecological experiments that have addressed a variety of responses to changes in forest structure or function. The silvicultural treatments employed in these experiments were often-times designed by interdisciplinary teams (e.g., forest ecologists, sociologists, biologists, economists, and silviculturists) with wood production and additional ecological, social or economic objectives as joint outcomes. Individually and collectively these studies represent major investments by research and land management organizations to meet increasing public demands for forests that provide healthy environments for people (clean air and water), support biological diversity (e.g., habitat), and sustain economic productivity (wood or other forest products and jobs). C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Management, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 300, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rszaro@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0002-5852 J9 ALLG FORST JAGDZTG JI Allg. Forst Jagdztg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6-7 BP 98 EP 104 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065EK UT WOS:000239142000002 ER PT J AU Seymour, RS Guldin, J Marshall, D Palik, B AF Seymour, R. S. Guldin, J. Marshall, D. Palik, B. TI Large-scale, long-term silvicultural experiments in the United States: historical overview and contemporary examples SO ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG LA English DT Article DE experimental forests; multi-aged silviculture; regeneration methods; clearcutting; biodiversity; experimental design; structural retention; gap harvests ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; VARIABLE RETENTION; NORTHERN CONIFERS; DOUGLAS-FIR; FOREST; GROWTH; PINE; BIODIVERSITY; ONTARIO; SYSTEM C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USFS So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. USFS Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USFS, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Seymour, RS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Seymour@umenfa.maine.edu NR 60 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0002-5852 J9 ALLG FORST JAGDZTG JI Allg. Forst Jagdztg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2006 VL 177 IS 6-7 BP 104 EP 112 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 065EK UT WOS:000239142000003 ER PT J AU Loper, GM Sammataro, D Finley, J Cole, J AF Loper, Gerald M. Sammataro, Diana Finley, Jennifer Cole, Jerry TI Feral honey bees in southern Arizona 10 years after varroa infestation SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID S ARIZONA; COLONIES C1 USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Loper, GM (reprint author), USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 146 IS 6 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SL UT WOS:000240971500016 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J AF Meyer, SE Quinney, D Weaver, J TI A stochastic population model for Lepidium papilaferum (Brassicaceae), a rare desert ephemeral with a persistent seed bank SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE demography; endangered species; Jensen's inequality; population viability analysis; seed bank; simulation; slick spot peppergrass; stochastic model ID ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; EXTINCTION; DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHY; GROWTH; PLANTS; RISKS AB Population viability analysis (PVA) is a valuable tool for rare plant conservation, but PVA for plants with persistent seed banks is difficult without reliable information on seed bank processes. We modeled the population dynamics of the Snake River Plains ephemeral Lepidium papilliferum using data from an 11-yr artificial seed bank experiment to estimate age-specific vital rates for viability loss and germination. We related variation in postgermination demographic parameters to annual variation in precipitation patterns and used these relationships to construct a stochastic population model using precipitation driver variables. This enabled us to incorporate realistic levels of environmental variability into the model. A model incorporating best estimates for parameter values resulted in a mean trajectory for seed bank size that remained essentially stable through time, although there was a measurable risk of extinction over a 100-yr period for the study population under this scenario. Doubling the annual seed viability loss rate resulted in near-certain extinction, as did increasing first-year germination to 100%, showing the importance of the persistent seed bank. Interestingly, increasing environmental variance substantially decreased the risk of extinction, presumably because this plant relies on extremely good years to restock the persistent seed bank, while extremely bad years have little impact. If every year were average in this desert environment, the species could not persist. Simulated effects of livestock trampling resulted in greatly increased extinction risk, even over time frames as short as 15 years. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Idaho Army Natl Guard, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 93 IS 6 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.6.891 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 048IU UT WOS:000237941600011 PM 21642152 ER PT J AU Badaloo, AV Forrester, T Reid, M Jahoor, F AF Badaloo, AV Forrester, T Reid, M Jahoor, F TI Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE malnutrition; children; lipolysis; palmitate; lipid oxidation; marasmus; kwashiorkor ID PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION; FREE CARNITINE LEVELS; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; FATTY LIVER; PLASMA; INFECTION AB Background: It has been hypothesized that one factor associated with poor prognosis in kwashiorkor, but not in marasmus, is impaired lipid catabolism, which limits the supply of energy that is essential for survival when dietary intake is inadequate. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. Objective: The objective was to measure lipid kinetics in malnourished children with kwashiorkor or marasmus. Design: Glycerol concentration and flux (index of total lipolysis), palmitate concentration and flux (index of net lipolysis), and palmitate oxidation rate (index of fatty acid oxidation) were measured in 8 children (n = 5 boys and 3 girls) with kwashiorkor and 7 (n = 4 boys and 3 girls) with marasmus, aged 4-20 mo, in the postabsorptive state. The measurements were made approximate to 3 d after admission, when the children were malnourished, and after the children attained normal weight-for-length, ie, at recovery. Results: The glycerol concentration was higher in the malnourished stage than at recovery for the marasmus and kwashiorkor groups combined. Glycerol flux tended to be lower (P = 0.067) and palmi-late flux significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the kwashiorkor group than in the marasmus group. Palmitate oxidation was significantly lower in the malnourished stage than at recovery in the kwashiorkor group but not in the marasmus group. In the malnourished stage, palmitate oxidation was slower in the kwashiorkor group than in the marasmus group, but no significant differences between groups were observed at recovery. Conclusions: Children with kwashiorkor break down fat and oxidize fatty acids less efficiently than do children with marasmus; this factor may explain the better survival rate in marasmus. C1 Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Res Inst Trop Med, Kingston 7, Jamaica. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Badaloo, AV (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Res Inst Trop Med, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM asha.badaloo@uwimona.edu.jm OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 056689] NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1283 EP 1288 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 054IL UT WOS:000238369900009 PM 16762938 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Zhang, XLL Jacques, PF McKeown, NM Juan, WY AF Sahyoun, NR Zhang, XLL Jacques, PF McKeown, NM Juan, WY TI Whole-grain intake cools down inflammation - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; HEART-DISEASE; WOMEN; RISK; CONSUMPTION; MARKERS; ADULTS; HEALTH; FIBER; BRAN C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0112 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nsahyoun@umd.edu RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1442 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 054IL UT WOS:000238369900033 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ Schaefer, EJ AF Johnson, Elizabeth J. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Potential role of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of dementia and macular degeneration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on n-3 Fatty Acids - Recommendations for Therapeutics and Prevention CY MAY 21, 2005 CL Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr DE n-3 fatty acids; docosahexaenoic acid; dementia; age-related macular degeneration ID AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; FISH INTAKE; RETINA; BRAIN; ALLELE; RISK; ASSOCIATION AB Dementia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are major causes of disability in the elderly. n-3 Fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are highly concentrated in brain and retinal tissue and may prevent or delay the progression of dementia and AMD. Low dietary intakes and plasma concentrations have been reported to be associated with dementia, cognitive decline, and AMD risk. The major dietary sources of DHA are fish and fish oils, although dietary supplements are available. At this point, it is not possible to make firm recommendations regarding n-3 fatty acids and the prevention of dementia and AMD. Our own unpublished observations from the Framingham Heart Study suggest that >= 180 mg/d of dietary DHA (approximate to 2.7 fish servings/wk) is associated with an approximate to 50% reduction in dementia risk. At least this amount of DHA is generally found in one commercially available 1-g fish oil capsule given daily. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoid & Hlth Lab, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Carotenoid & Hlth Lab, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV-83-03] NR 53 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1494S EP 1498S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 055UY UT WOS:000238477300007 PM 16841859 ER PT J AU Kim, H Pennisi, PA Gavrilova, O Pack, S Jou, W Setser-Portas, J East-Palmer, J Tang, Y Manganiello, VC LeRoith, D AF Kim, H Pennisi, PA Gavrilova, O Pack, S Jou, W Setser-Portas, J East-Palmer, J Tang, Y Manganiello, VC LeRoith, D TI Effect of adipocyte beta(3)-adrenergic receptor activation on the type 2 diabetic MKR mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor I receptor mutation; type 2 diabetes ID BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONIST; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ZUCKER FA/FA RATS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BETA-3-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; ADRENERGIC-RECEPTORS; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; TRANSGENIC MODEL; LIPID-METABOLISM AB The antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of the beta(3)-adrenergic agonists were investigated on nonobese type 2 diabetic MKR mice after injection with a beta(3)-adrenergic agonist, CL-316243. An intact response to acute CL-316243 treatment was observed in MKR mice. Chronic intraperitoneal CL-316243 treatment of MKR mice reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps exhibited improvement of the whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis concurrently with enhanced insulin action in liver and adipose tissue. Treating MKR mice with CL-316243 significantly lowered serum and hepatic lipid levels, in part due to increased whole body triglyceride clearance and fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. A significant reduction in total body fat content and epididymal fat weight was observed along with enhanced metabolic rate in both wild-type and MKR mice after treatment. These data demonstrate that beta(3)-adrenergic activation improves the diabetic state of nonobese diabetic MKR mice by potentiation of free fatty acid oxidation by adipose tissue, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for beta(3)-adrenergic agonists in nonobese diabetic subjects. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Diabet Branch, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Mouse Metab Core Lab, NIDDK, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NHLBI, Pulm Crit Care Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP LeRoith, D (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Bone Dis, 1 Gustave Levy Pl 1055, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM derek.leroith@mssu.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 44 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP E1227 EP E1236 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00344.2005 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 046HX UT WOS:000237803300022 PM 16682489 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Smith, JK Hotze, MA Egbejimi, O Cuthbert, KD Zaha, VG Dyck, JRB Abel, ED Young, ME AF Durgan, DJ Smith, JK Hotze, MA Egbejimi, O Cuthbert, KD Zaha, VG Dyck, JRB Abel, ED Young, ME TI Distinct transcriptional regulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms and cytosolic thioesterase 1 in the rodent heart by fatty acids and insulin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; metabolism; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUBSTRATE METABOLISM; MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; PPAR-ALPHA; DOG HEART; OBESITY AB The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for channeling long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into oxidative versus nonoxidative pathways is (are) poorly understood in the heart. Intracellular LCFAs are converted to long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (LCFA-CoAs) by a family of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs). Cytosolic thioesterase 1 (CTE1) hydrolyzes cytosolic LCFA-CoAs to LCFAs, generating a potential futile cycle at the expense of ATP utilization. We hypothesized that ACSL isoforms and CTE1 are differentially regulated in the heart during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we report that the five known acsl isoforms (acsl1, acsl3, acsl4, acsl5, and acsl6) and cte1 are expressed in whole rat and mouse hearts, as well as adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCs). Streptozotocin-induced insulin-dependent diabetes (4 wk) and fasting (<= 24 h) both dramatically induced cte1 and repressed acsl6 mRNA, with no significant effects on the other acsl isoforms. In contrast, high-fat feeding (4 wk) induced cte1 without affecting expression of the acsl isoforms in the heart. Investigation into the mechanism( s) responsible for these transcriptional changes uncovered roles for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) and insulin as regulators of specific acsl isoforms and cte1 in the heart. Culturing ARCs with oleate (0.1-0.4 mM) or the PPAR alpha agonists WY-14643 (1 mu M) and fenofibrate (10 mu M) consistently induced acsl1 and cte1. Conversely, PPAR alpha null mouse hearts exhibited decreased acsl1 and cte1 expression. Culturing ARCs with insulin (10 nM) induced acsl6, whereas specific loss of insulin signaling within the heart (cardiac-specific insulin receptor knockout mice) caused decreased acsl6 expression. Our data expose differential regulation of acsl isoforms and cte1 in the heart, where acsl1 and cte1 are PPAR alpha-regulated genes, whereas acsl6 is an insulin-regulated gene. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Pediat & Pharmacol, Cardiovasc Res Grp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Utah, Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Program Human Mol Biol & Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 74259-01, HL 070070]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK092065] NR 43 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP H2480 EP H2497 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.01344.2005 PG 18 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 040YQ UT WOS:000237419600043 PM 16428347 ER PT J AU Wackers, F Bonifay, C Vet, L Lewis, J AF Wackers, Felix Bonifay, Claire Vet, Louise Lewis, Joe TI Gustatory response and appetitive learning in Microplitis croceipes in relation to sugar type and concentration SO ANIMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE odour learning; food conditioning; reward quality; nectar; honeydew; post-ingestive feedback ID PROBOSCIS EXTENSION; HONEYDEW SUGARS; LONG-TERM; HOST; BEES; PARASITOIDS; BEHAVIOR; MEMORY; NECTAR AB Insects can be conditioned to respond to odours through associative learning. Various learning parameters. such as the rate of odour acquisition. are known to depend on the type of conditioned stimulus. Here we investigate to what extent appetitive conditioning in the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes is also affected by characteristics of the food reward (unconditioned stimulus). We tested I M solutions of eight sugars naturally Occurring in nectar and honeydew with respect to their effect on parasitoid gustatory response and their suitability as an unconditioned stimulus in the process of associative odour learning. To test for concentration effects. a separate experiment compared parasitoid performance with 1 M and 0.25 M4 of sucrose, respectively. Only exposure to glucose, fructose, sucrose and melezitose enhanced feeding relative to control individuals provided water. Raffinose, mannose, galactose and melibiose did not increase or decrease consumption. indicating that these sugars are neither phagostimulants nor phagodeterrents. In the conditioning experiments, parasitoids were allowed to feed on a particular sugar solution while being exposed to the floral odour cineole. Parasitoids that had been trained with the stimulatory sugars subsequently showed a clear conditioned feeding response to the cineole. Conditioning with galactose, mannose and melibiose, on the other hand, did not lead to successful odour acquisition. Conditioning with raffinose increased the tendency of the parasitoid to exhibit a conditioned feeding response, even though this response was significantly shorter than the response following training with stimulator), sugars. The level of cineole response was not significantly influenced by the concentration of a sucrose solution, even though the 0.25 M concentration was a weaker feeding stimulant. Our findings indicate that gustatory perception is the principal unconditioned stimulus in appetitive learning. The results with raffinose indicate that postingestive feedback may be involved in food associative learning as well. C1 NIOO KNAW, Ctr Terr Ecol, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. Univ Lancaster, Ctr Sustainable Agr, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Entomol, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Wackers, F (reprint author), NIOO KNAW, Ctr Terr Ecol, POB 40, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. EM f.wackers@lancaster.ac.uk RI Vet, Louise/B-1342-2009 OI Vet, Louise/0000-0002-2287-1128 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7555 J9 ANIM BIOL JI Anim. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1163/157075606777304230 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 061YL UT WOS:000238910400006 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH AF Purdy, PH TI The post-thaw quality of ram sperm held for 0 to 48 h at 5 degrees C prior to cryopreservation SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; cryopreservation; holding time; rain ID EGG BINDING ASSAY; FREE HAMSTER EGGS; EQUILIBRATION TIME; GLYCEROL EQUILIBRATION; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; ROOSTER SPERM; PELLET METHOD; BULL SPERM; SEMEN; FROZEN AB The effects of holding diluted ram semen at 5 degrees C for up to 48 h prior to cryopreservation were investigated. Semen from six rams was collected by electro-ejaculation in the autumn and again from six different rams in the spring. The sperm concentration and motility were determined using spectrophotometry and computerized automated semen analysis, respectively. Samples were diluted at 23 degrees C to 400 x 10(6) cells/ml in a one-step Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (5%, v/v) media, cooled to 5 degrees C over 2 h and maintained at 5 degrees C for the duration of the experiments. Aliquots were loaded into 0.5 ml French straws at 0, 24 or 48 h after cooling, frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor for 12-13 min, 4.5 cm above the liquid nitrogen, and plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. After thawing, autumn samples frozen after 0, 24, or 48 h of storage exhibited similar percentages of motility (29, 31, 36%, respectively), progressively motility (16, 15, 17%, respectively), plasma membrane integrity (28, 35, 29%, respectively) and live acrosome-reacted cells (0.4, 0.6, 0.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). In addition, the quantity of sperm that bound to hen's egg perivitelline membranes after being held at 5 degrees C for 0, 24, or 48 h was not significantly different when the values were expressed as means of the quantity of sperm (155, 177, 106 sperm, respectively) or as the proportion of sperm inseminated (0.39, 0.49, 0.34, respectively; P > 0.05). Likewise, ram sperm collected in the spring and frozen at 0, 24 and 48 h after cooling had similar (P > 0.05) total motility (21, 25, 20%, respectively), progressive motility (14, 15, 11 %, respectively), plasma membrane integrity (26, 33, 31 %, respectively) and live acrosome-reacted cells (3.7, 3.5, 3.2%, respectively; P > 0.05). The 0 h holding time had significantly less sperm bound to a hen's egg perivitelline membrane compared to the 48 h holding time (250 and 470 sperm. respectively) although the 24 h holding time was not different from the 0 or 48 h holding time (281 sperm; P < 0.05) but analysis of the proportion of the total sperm inseminated resulted in no significant differences observed (P > 0.05). These results indicate that ram sperm can be held at 5 degrees C for up to 48 h prior to freezing with no injurious effects on motility, membrane integrity, or fertilizing potential as indicated by membrane binding ability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NCGRP, Nat Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGRP, Nat Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.07.002 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 044GM UT WOS:000237660400010 PM 16084039 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP AF Hardegree, Stuart P. TI Predicting germination response to temperature. I. Cardinal-temperature models and subpopulation-specific regression SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE thermal; germination; model; Elymus elymoides; Elymus lanceolatus; Poa secunda; Pseudoroegneria spicata ID HYDROTHERMAL TIME MODEL; PRIMED GRASS SEEDS; S-AND-H; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GRAIN LEGUMES; PEARL-MILLET; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; PRIMING TREATMENTS; RANGE GRASSES AB center dot Background and Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the relative accuracy of different thermal-germination models in predicting germination-time under constant-temperature conditions. Of specific interest was the assessment of shape assumptions associated with the cardinal-temperature germination model and probit distribution often used to distribute thermal coefficients among seed subpopulations. center dot Methods The seeds of four rangeland grass species were germinated over the constant-temperature range of 3-38 degrees C and monitored for subpopulation variability in germination-rate response. Subpopulation-specific germination rate was estimated as a function of temperature and residual model error for three variations of the cardinal-temperature model, non-linear regression and piece-wise linear regression. The data were used to test relative model fit under alternative assumptions regarding model shape. center dot Key Results In general, optimal model fit was obtained by limiting model-shape assumptions. All models were relatively accurate in the sub-optimal temperature range except in the 3 degrees C treatment where predicted germination times were in error by as much as 70d for the cardinal-temperature models. center dot Conclusions Germination model selection should be driven by research objectives. Cardinal-temperature models yield coefficients that can be directly compared for purposes of screening germplasm. Other model formulations, however, may be more accurate in predicting germination-time, especially at low temperatures where small errors in predicted rate can result in relatively large errors in germination time. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1125 DI 10.1093/aob/mcl071 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 060QN UT WOS:000238816800020 PM 16624846 ER PT J AU Phillips, JD Marion, DA AF Phillips, Jonathan D. Marion, Daniel A. TI Biomechanical effects of trees on soil and regolith: Beyond treethrow SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE baumstein; biomechanical effects; forest soils; stump holes; uprooting ID OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; BIOTURBATION; EVOLUTION; USA; REDISTRIBUTION; ARTIFACTS; PATTERNS; ARKANSAS AB Forest soils are profoundly influenced by the biomechanical as well as the chemical and biological effects of trees. Studies of biomechanical impacts have focused mainly on uprooting (treethrow), but this study shows that at least two other effects are significant: physical displacement of soil by root growth, and infilling of stump rot pits. Rocky soils in the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas were studied because they allow for the use of rock fragments as a tracer of displacement. Rock fragments displaced by tree growth (baumsteins) are ubiquitous here, and displacement shows characteristic differences between pines and hardwoods. Hardwoods promote primarily lateral displacement, with a higher probability of displaced rock fragments eventually falling into stump holes. Pine displacement has a significant vertical component associated with basal mounding, and a lower probability of baumstein deposition in stump holes. Obvious stump holes are relatively rare, but the high ratio of stumps and snags to uprooted trees indicates that standing dead trees, which would ultimately result in a stump hole, are quite common. This, plus the presence of numerous duff-filled depressions, suggests that such holes are filled rapidly. The presence of surface-derived rock fragments and thick litter and duff accumulations indicate that at least some of the fill is external, as opposed to soil detachment from the pit walls. The primary influence of stump holes, as reflected by rock fragment distributions, is localized subsurface stone accumulations that do not extend laterally. The total area affected by uprooting is larger than that of stump holes, despite the lower frequency, due to the greater area of disturbance per event. Estimated turnover times (time for 100 percent of the forest floor to be affected) are shortest for soil displacement, intermediate for uprooting, and longest for stump hole effects. Although contemporary rates cannot be confidently extrapolated, the geomorphological efficacy of these processes is reflected by the fact that they are rapid enough to result in complete regolith turnover over time scales comparable to the Holocene. Displacement, stump holes, and uprooting help to maintain a continuously mixed surface biomantle, and may in some cases result in distinctive pedological features, local spatial variations in soil morphology, and divergent evolution of the soil cover. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jdp@uky.edu; dmarion@fs.fed.us OI Marion, Daniel/0000-0002-5871-8969 NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00476.x PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA 047HV UT WOS:000237871300001 ER PT J AU Mudgal, P Breidt, F Lubkin, SR Sandeep, KP AF Mudgal, P Breidt, F Lubkin, SR Sandeep, KP TI Quantifying the significance of phage attack on starter cultures: a mechanistic model for population dynamics of phage and their hosts isolated from fermenting sauerkraut SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; BACTERIOPHAGE-T4 DEVELOPMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; GROWTH-RATE; BACTERIA; LYSIS; FERMENTATIONS; INFECTION; EVOLUTION AB We investigated the possibility of using starter cultures in sauerkraut fermentation and thereby reducing the quantity of salt used in the process. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of waste salt that would enter in our water resources. Phage, naturally present in sauerkraut fermentation, could potentially affect the starter cultures introduced. Thus, a mechanistic mathematical model was developed to quantify the growth kinetics of the phage and starter cultures. The model was validated by independent experiments with two Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains isolated from sauerkraut and their corresponding phage. Model simulations and experimental evidence showed the presence of phage-resistant cell populations in starter cultures which replaced phage-sensitive cells, even when the initial phage density (P,) and multiplicity of infection (MOI) were low (P-0 < 1 X 10(3) PFU/ml; MOI < 10(-4)) in the MRS media. Based on the results of model simulation and parameter optimization, it was suggested that the kinetic parameters of phage-host interaction, especially the adsorption rate, vary with the initial phage and host densities and with time. The model was validated in MRS broth. Therefore, the effects of heterogeneity and other environmental factors, such as temperature and pH, should be considered to make the model applicable to commercial fermentations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, USDA ARS, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu RI Lubkin, Sharon/F-8802-2011 OI Lubkin, Sharon/0000-0003-2521-0699 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 3908 EP 3915 DI 10.1128/AEM.02429-05 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100013 PM 16751496 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Bayles, DO Mason, TM Wilkinson, BJ AF Liu, SQ Bayles, DO Mason, TM Wilkinson, BJ TI A cold-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes mutant has a transposon insertion in a gene encoding a putative membrane protein and shows altered (p)ppGpp levels SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FATTY-ACID; GROWTH; BETAINE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; VIRULENCE; CELLS AB A cold-sensitive Listeria monocytogenes mutant designated cld-14 was obtained by transposon Tn917 mutagenesis. The gene interrupted by Tn917 in cld-14 was the L. monocytogenes LMOf2365_1485 homolog, which exhibits 45.7% homology to the Bacillus subtilis yqfF locus. LMOf2365_1485, here designated pgpH, encodes a putative integral membrane protein with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa. PgpH is predicted to contain a conserved N-terminal signal peptide sequence, seven transmembrane helices, and a hydrophilic C terminus, which likely extends into the cytosol. The Tn917 insertion in pgpH is predicted to result in production of a premature polypeptide truncated at the fifth transmembrane domain. The C terminus of PgpH, which is probably absent in cld-14, contains a highly conserved HD domain that belongs to a metal-dependent phosphohydrolase family. Strain cld-14 accumulated higher levels of (p)ppGpp than the wild type accumulated, indicating that the function of PgpH may be to adjust cellular (p)ppGpp levels during low-temperature growth. The cld-14pgpH(+) complemented strain was able to grow at a low temperature, like the parent strain, providing direct evidence that the activity of PgpH is important in low-temperature adaptation. Because of its predicted membrane location, PgpH may play a critical role in sensing the environmental temperature and altering cellular (p)ppGpp levels to allow the organism to adapt to low temperatures. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Grp, Normal, IL 61790 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Wilkinson, BJ (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Microbiol Grp, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM bjwilkin@ilstu.edu NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 3955 EP 3959 DI 10.1128/AEM.02607-05 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100019 PM 16751502 ER PT J AU Kim, T Mullaney, EJ Porres, JM Roneker, KR Crowe, S Rice, S Ko, T Ullah, AHJ Daly, CB Welch, R Lei, XG AF Kim, T Mullaney, EJ Porres, JM Roneker, KR Crowe, S Rice, S Ko, T Ullah, AHJ Daly, CB Welch, R Lei, XG TI Shifting the pH profile of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase to match the stomach pH enhances its effectiveness as an animal feed additive SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI PHYTASE; NUTRITIONAL SIGNIFICANCE; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; PICHIA-PASTORIS; WEANLING PIGS; PHOSPHORUS; CATALYSIS; OPTIMUM; FICUUM AB Environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste is a major problem in agriculture because simple-stomached animals, such as swine, poultry, and fish, cannot digest phosphorus (as phytate) present in plant feeds. To alleviate this problem, a phytase from Aspergillus niger PhyA is widely used as a feed additive to hydrolyze phytate-phosphorus. However, it has the lowest relative activity at the pH of the stomach (3.5), where the hydrolysis occurs. Our objective was to shift the pH optima of PhyA to match the stomach condition by substituting amino acids in the substrate-binding site with different charges and polarities. Based on the crystal structure of PhyA, we prepared 21 single or multiple mutants at Q50, K91, K94, E228, D262, K300, and K301 and expressed them in Pichia pastoris yeast. The wild-type (WT) PhyA showed the unique bihump, two-pH-optima profile, whereas 17 mutants lost one pH optimum or shifted the pH optimum from pH 5.5 to the more acidic side. The mutant E228K exhibited the best overall changes, with a shift of pH optimum to 3.8 and 266% greater (P < 0.05) hydrolysis of soy phytate at pH 3.5 than the WT enzyme. The improved efficacy of the enzyme was confirmed in an animal feed trial and was characterized by biochemical analysis of the purified mutant enzymes. In conclusion, it is feasible to improve the function of PhyA phytase under stomach pH conditions by rational protein engineering. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@Cornell.edu OI Porres Foulquie, Jesus Maria/0000-0001-5657-0764 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 6 BP 4397 EP 4403 DI 10.1128/AEM.02612-05 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 057UG UT WOS:000238620100073 PM 16751556 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Entry, JA Fuhrmann, JJ AF Sojka, RE Entry, JA Fuhrmann, JJ TI The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE active bacterial and fungal biomass; whole soil FAME; biolog; erosion ID FURROW-IRRIGATION; WASTE-WATER; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; COLIFORM BACTERIA; EROSION; DEGRADATION; NITROGEN; FIELD; MICROORGANISMS; ACRYLAMIDE AB Water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is a highly effective erosion preventing and infiltration enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1-10 g m(-3) in furrow irrigation water. PAM greatly reduces sediment, nutrients, pesticides and coliform bacteria in irrigation runoff. There has been some concern about the potential for PAM accumulation to affect microbial ecology. We ran a long-term study applying massive quantities of PAM to soil and monitored its impact on soil microbial potential. In June, July and August, we measured active soil bacterial and fungal biomass and microbial diversity in soils receiving 0 (control), 2691 and 5382 kg active ingredient (ai) PAM ha(-1). Active bacterial biomass in soil was 20-30% greater in the control treatment than in soil treated with 2691 or 5382 kg ai PAM ha(-1) in June and August, but not July. Active fungal biomass in soils was 30-50% greater in the control treatment than soil treated with 2691 or 5382 kg ai PAM ha(-1) in June and July, but not August. Active microbial biomass in soil was 27-48% greater in the untreated control than soil treated with 2691 or 5382 kg ai PAM ha(-1) except in June. Whole soil fatty acid profiles showed no discernible change in the soil microbial community due to either of the PAM treatments at any sampling time. Analysis of nutritional characteristics using Biolog GN plates, however, yielded an apparent separation of the non-amended control soils from those plots receiving the high PAM application rate in June, but not in July or August. In contrast, comparisons of the three sampling times by both the fatty acid and Biolog analyses indicated that the microbial metabolic potential present in June were different from those sampled in July and August. Although PAM application to soil or irrigation water in some cases may reduce active bacterial and fungal biomass it does not seem to appreciably affect the soil microbial metabolic potential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 21 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.06.007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047UP UT WOS:000237904500009 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Martens, DA AF McLain, JET Martens, DA TI N2O production by heterotrophic N transformations in a semiarid soil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrification; denitrification; heterotrophic nitrification; N mineralization; proteins; oligopeptides; amino acids; ammonium; nitrite; nitrate ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLAND SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; FOREST AB Emissions of N2O from soils of the Southwestern US are thought to result from the activity of anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, but the seasonal dryness and sandy texture of these soils are more conducive to the activities of aerobic microbes. Here, we present incubations of semiarid soils with added compounds known to stimulate the N-cycling processes ammonification (proteins, oligopeptides, and amino acids (AAs)), nitrification (NH4+ and NO2-), and denitrification (NO3- +/- glucose). Nonflooded (-34 kPa) incubations with added organic N determined that oligopeptides (four AA in length) resulted in the highest potential N2O flux over a 12-d incubation period (66 ng N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)), three times that of proteins (21 ng N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)) or AAs (24 ng N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)). Initial N2O production in incubations with added organic N decreased by more than 63% with addition of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of fungal activity, but additions of a bacterial inhibitor (streptomycin) increased N2O flux by 100%. Additions of NH4+ and NO2- resulted in little NO3- production during the 12-d incubation, indicating that autotrophic N transformations were limited. Flooded soil (0 kPa) incubations with added NO3- and glucose resulted in considerable N2O production by day 2 (200 ng N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)), but O kPa incubations without glucose produced less than 10 ng N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1) revealing C, rather than water, limitations on denitrification in semiarid soils. Incubation of soils (-34 kPa) with N-15-labeled substrates known to stimulate N mineralization and nitrification processes showed differences in (N2O)-N-15 production after addition of glutamine Q ng (15)N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)), NH4+ (16 ng 15 N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)), NO2- (26 ng (15)N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1)), and NO3- (1 ng 15 N2Og-1 soil d(-1)). All N-15 treatments produced similar native N2O efflux of 12 ng (14)N(2)Og(-1) soil d(-1) through the incubation period. The limitations of C and H2O and minimal autotrophic N activity suggest that heterotrophic N-cycling processes may be responsible for most of the in situ N transformations and N2O production in this system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dmartens@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 26 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.06.005 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 047UP UT WOS:000237904500010 ER PT J AU Phartiyal, P Kim, WS Cahoon, RE Jez, JM Krishnan, HB AF Phartiyal, Pallavi Kim, Won-Seok Cahoon, Rebecca E. Jez, Joseph M. Krishnan, Hari B. TI Soybean ATP sulfurylase, a homodimeric enzyme involved in sulfur assimilation, is abundantly expressed in roots and induced by cold treatment SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ATP sulfurylase; soybean; sulfur assimilation; seed development ID ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE SULFURYLASE; CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SULFATE ASSIMILATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; 5-PHOSPHOSULFATE KINASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HIGHER-PLANTS AB Soybeans are a rich source of protein and a key feed ingredient in livestock production, but lack sufficient levels of cysteine and methionine to meet the nutritional demands of swine or poultry as feed components. Although engineering the sulfur assimilatory pathway could lead to increased sulfur-containing amino acid content, little is known about this pathway in legumes. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of soybean ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), which acts as the metabolic entry point into the sulfur assimilation pathway. Analysis of the ATPS clone isolated from a soybean seedling cDNA library revealed an open-reading frame, encoding a 52 kDa polypeptide with an N-terminal chloroplast/plastid transit peptide, which was related to the enzymes from Arabidopsis, potato, human, and yeast. Soybean ATP sulfurylase was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. Based on gel-filtration chromatography, the enzyme functions as a 100 kDa homodimer. Analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting revealed that multiple genes encode ATP sulfurylase in soybean. Analysis of the transcript profiles retrieved from a soybean EST database indicated that ATP sulfurylase mRNA was most abundant in root tissue. Cold treatment induced mRNA accumulation and enhanced the specific activity of ATP sulfurylase in root tissue. Northern blot analysis indicated a decline in the ATP sulfurylase transcript levels during seed development. Likewise, ATP sulfurylase specific activity also declined in the later stages of seed development. Increasing the expression levels of this key enzyme during soybean seed development could lead to an increase in the availability of sulfur amino acids, thereby enhancing the nutritional value of the crop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM KrishnanH@missouri.edu NR 52 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 450 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2006.03.033 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 053UJ UT WOS:000238330900003 PM 16684499 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, JH Meacham, T Berger, PH Shiel, PJ Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Kopp, H AF Lorenzen, JH Meacham, T Berger, PH Shiel, PJ Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Kopp, H TI Whole genome characterization of Potato virus Y isolates collected in the western USA and their comparison to isolates from Europe and Canada SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROTIC RINGSPOT DISEASE; MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VENOUS NECROSIS; COAT PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; STRAIN; PVYN; SEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIATION AB Potato virus Y (PVY) is a serious potato pathogen that affects potato seed and commercial production crops. In recent decades, novel PVY strains have been described that cause necrotic symptoms on tobacco foliage and/or potato tubers. The major PVY strains that affect potato include PVY(O)and PVYN, which have distinct serotypes that can be differentiated by immunoassay. Other economically important strain variants are derived from recombination events, including variants that cause tuber necrotic symptoms (PVYNTN) and PVYO serotypes that cause tobacco veinal necrosis (PVYN-W, PVYN:O). Although the PVYNTN and PVYN-W variants were first reported in Europe, apparently similar strains have been appearing in North America. Confirmation of the existence of these recombinant strains in North America is important, as is whether they spread from a common source or were derived by independent recombination. Whole genome sequencing can be used to positively identify strain variants and begin to address the issue of origins. Symptomology, serology, RT-PCR, and partial sequencing of the coat protein region were used to identify isolates of the PVYNTN, PVYN, PVYNA-N, and PVYN:O for whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing confirmed the presence of PVYNTN and PVYN isolates that were > 99% identical to European sequences deposited in GenBank in the 1990's. Sequences of the PVY(NA-N)and PVYN:O types were 99.0% and 99.5% identical to known sequences, respectively. There was no indication that recombinant strains PVYNTN or PVY(N:O)had different parental origins than recombinant strains previously sequenced. This is the first confirmation by whole-genome sequencing that "European"-type strain variants of PVYN and PVYNTN are present in North America, and the first reported full-length sequence of a tuber necrotic isolate of PVYN:O. C1 Univ Idaho, PSES Dept, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA, ARS, Prosser, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR USA. RP Lorenzen, JH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, PSES Dept, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jiml@uidaho.edu NR 54 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 151 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1074 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0707-6 PG 20 WC Virology SC Virology GA 046PM UT WOS:000237823500002 PM 16463126 ER PT J AU Swanson, DK AF Swanson, DK TI Biogeographical evidence for the grass (Poaceae) species of Pleistocene Beringian lowlands SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beringia; biogeography; grass; Pleistocene; Poaceae; Russia; tundra; steppe; vegetation ID CENTRAL YUKON-TERRITORY; SEWARD PENINSULA; STEPPE TRANSITION; MUCK DEPOSITS; ALASKA; VEGETATION; REGION; RECORDS; PLANT; ENVIRONMENTS AB Late Pleistocene Beringia had herb-dominated vegetation with abundant grasses (Poaceae), and it was inhabited by an impressive assemblage of large grazing mammals. This paper reconstructs the list of most probable late Pleistocene Beringian lowland grass species from biogeographical evidence. Late Pleistocene eolian sediments and buried soils indicate that large areas of the Beringian lowlands had nutrient-rich, silty soils that occurred over ice-rich permafrost but were generally not waterlogged. A list of likely grasses was compiled from all species that have been recorded on similar fine-grained, mesic-to-dry lowland soils (i.e., presumed refugia) and are distributed at least sporadically across the whole region today. Grasses from 13 genera met these criteria, including most of the taxa that have been identified as late Pleistocene fossils from the study area. Most of these grasses are high-latitude species of genera that are also common in temperate latitudes (e.g., Elymus, Festuca, and Poa). This diverse group of plants has a wide range of adaptations today, suggesting that grasses would have been available to occupy a variety of habitats through Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Among these grasses are a number of highly productive forage species. C1 US Forest Serv, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. RP Swanson, DK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 907, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. EM dkswanson@fs.fed.us NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 056AL UT WOS:000238492900008 ER PT J AU Millar, JS Brousseau, ME Diffenderfer, MR Barrett, PHR Welty, FK Faruqi, A Wolfe, ML Nartsupha, C Digenio, AG Mancuso, JP Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ Rader, DJ AF Millar, JS Brousseau, ME Diffenderfer, MR Barrett, PHR Welty, FK Faruqi, A Wolfe, ML Nartsupha, C Digenio, AG Mancuso, JP Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ Rader, DJ TI Effects of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib on apolipoprotein B100 metabolism in humans SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE very low-density lipoproteins; triglyceride; low-density lipoproteins; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; CETP inhibition; lipoprotein kinetics ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; B-100 PRODUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA; B METABOLISM; LDL; RECEPTOR; PLASMA; HDL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective - Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition with torcetrapib not only increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but also significantly reduces plasma triglyceride, low- density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels. The goal of the present study was to define the kinetic mechanism(s) by which CETP inhibition reduces levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Methods and Results - Nineteen subjects, 9 of whom were pretreated with 20 mg atorvastatin, received placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 120 mg torcetrapib once daily for 4 weeks. Six subjects in the nonatorvastatin group received 120 mg torcetrapib twice daily for an additional 4 weeks. After each phase, subjects underwent a primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine to endogenously label newly synthesized apoB to determine very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL apoB100 production, and fractional catabolic rates (FCRs). Once-daily 120 mg torcetrapib significantly reduced VLDL, IDL, and LDL apoB100 pool sizes by enhancing the FCR of apoB100 within each fraction. On a background of atorvastatin, 120 mg torcetrapib significantly reduced VLDL, IDL, and LDL apoB100 pool sizes. The reduction in VLDL apoB100 was associated with an enhanced apoB100 FCR, whereas the decreases in IDL and LDL apoB100 were associated with reduced apoB100 production. Conclusions - These data indicate that when used alone, torcetrapib reduces VLDL, IDL, and LDL apoB100 levels primarily by increasing the rate of apoB100 clearance. In contrast, when added to atorvastatin treatment, torcetrapib reduces apoB100 levels mainly by enhancing VLDL apoB100 clearance and reducing production of IDL and LDL apoB100. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM, USDA,HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Sch Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Pfizer Inc, Clin Res & Dev, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, JM, USDA,HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Millar, JS (reprint author), 644 BRB 2-3,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jsmillar@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054, M01-RR00040]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL60935]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-001975] NR 26 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1350 EP 1356 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000219695.84644.56 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 044AI UT WOS:000237644000026 PM 16574893 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Zalom, FG Peng, CYS AF Hummel, Natalie A. Zalom, Frank G. Peng, Christine Y. S. TI Structure of female genitalia of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE leafhopper; muscles; oviposition; ovipositor; sensilla ID SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA ORTHOPTERA; ANTENNAL SENSILLA; HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE; FINE-STRUCTURE; DESERT LOCUST; SENSE ORGANS; LEAFHOPPERS; MORPHOLOGY; OVIPOSITION; RECEPTORS AB The functional reproductive morphology of the female glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is described at both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy levels. The female has nine abdominal segments; the seventh to the ninth abdominal segments are modified for reproduction: the eighth tergite is reduced to two segments, with the ovipositor partially exposed from the modified ninth segment-the pygofer. The pygofer, covered with trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, almost completely encloses the ovipositor, which consists of three pairs of valvulae and two pairs of valvifers. The first and second valvulae function together for oviposition. The first valvulae are located exterior to the second valvulae, both of which bear many trichoid, campaniform, and coeloconic sensilla. The third valvulae, possessing many coeloconic sensilla, envelope the first and second valvulae. Seven major muscles are found to be associated with the ovipositor and the pygofer. The oviposition process is described with respect to the activity of the valvulae and their associated musculature. The female morphology follows the general pattern of cicadellids as a group. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, KBUSLIRL, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.asd.2006.05.001 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 075VG UT WOS:000239913000005 PM 18089064 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, DM Meydani, M AF Nie, L Wise, ML Peterson, DM Meydani, M TI Avenanthramide, a polyphenol from oats, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE avenanthramide; atherosclerosis; vascular smooth muscle cell; endothelial cell; cell proliferation; nitric oxide; eNOS mRNA; oats ID AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; SYNTHASE; GROATS; MODULATION; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; HULLS; RISK AB The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and impaired nitric oxide (NO) production are both crucial pathophysiological processes in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Epidemiological data have indicated that diets rich in whole grain foods are associated with a reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis. Avenanthramides are polyphenols found exclusively in oats (Avena sativa L.). The present study was conducted to examine the effect of synthetically prepared avenanthramide-2c on the proliferation of SMC and NO production by SMC and human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Avenanthramide-2c significantly inhibited serum-induced SMC proliferation. At a concentration of 120 mu M, avenanthramide-2c inhibited more than 50% of SMC proliferation, as measured by [H-3] thymidine incorporation, and increased the doubling time of rat SMC line (A 10) from 28 to 48 h. Treatment of human SMC with 40, 80, and 120 mu M avenanthramide-2c inhibited cell number increase by 41, 62, and 73%, respectively. In addition, avenanthramide-2c treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased NO production in both SMC and HAEC. At a concentration of 120 mu M, avenanthramide-2c increased NO production by threefold in SMC, and by nine-fold in HAEC. These increases were in parallel with the up-regulation of mRNA expression for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in both vascular SMC and HAEC. These results suggest that the avenanthramides of oats may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis through inhibition of SMC proliferation and increasing NO production. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 33 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 186 IS 2 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.07.027 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 053TI UT WOS:000238327800003 PM 16139284 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ AF Schaefer, E. J. TI Role of plant derived essential fatty acids in heart disease prevention? SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093900022 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME Diffenderfer, MR Millar, JS Nartsupha, C Asztalos, BF Welty, FK Wolfe, ML Mancuso, JP Digenio, AG Rader, DJ Schaefer, EJ AF Brousseau, M. E. Diffenderfer, M. R. Millar, J. S. Nartsupha, C. Asztalos, B. F. Welty, F. K. Wolfe, M. L. Mancuso, J. P. Digenio, A. G. Rader, D. J. Schaefer, E. J. TI Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on lipoprotein metabolism in humans SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros ID HDL SUBPOPULATIONS C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Expt Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Pfizer Inc, Dept Clin Biostat, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Pfizer Inc, Dept Clin Sci, New London, CT USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 11 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)80023-1 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093900024 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Moreno, JA Fuentes, F De la Puebla, RAF Paniagua, JA Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Perez-Martinez, P. Perez-Jimenez, F. Moreno, J. A. Fuentes, F. Fernandez De la Puebla, R. A. Paniagua, J. A. Ordovas, J. M. Lopez-Miranda, J. TI Postprandial lipemia is modified by the presence of the APOB-516C/T polymorphism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unit Lipids & Atherosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 135 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)80538-6 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093900539 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Corella, D AF Ordovas, J. M. Corella, D. TI Nutrigenomics and cardiovascular diseases SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)80683-5 PG 2 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093901093 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ AF Schaefer, E. J. TI Nutrition and heart disease: Where are we? SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Atherosclerosis CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Rome, ITALY SP Int Soc Atheroscleros C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 458 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(06)81845-3 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 064MN UT WOS:000239093903066 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Quayle, B Geron, C Belote, A McKenzie, D Zhang, XY O'Neill, S Wynne, KK AF Wiedinmyer, Christine Quayle, Brad Geron, Chris Belote, Angle McKenzie, Don Zhang, Xiaoyang O'Neill, Susan Wynne, Kristina Klos TI Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fires; emissions; North America; carbon monoxide; particulate matter; agricultural fires ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CARBON; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; WILDFIRES; AEROSOLS; SURFACE AB Fires contribute substantial emissions of trace gases and particles to the atmosphere. These emissions can impact air quality and even climate. We have developed a modeling framework to estimate the emissions from fires in North and parts of Central America (10-71 degrees N and 55-175 degrees W) by taking advantage of a combination of complementary satellite and ground-based data to refine estimates of fuel loadings. Various satellite drivers, including the MODIS Thermal Anomalies Product, the Global Land Cover Characteristics 2000 dataset, and the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Product were used in conjunction with data mined from literature to determine fire location and timing, fuel loadings, and emission factors. Daily emissions of particulate matter and numerous trace gases from fires were estimated using this method for three years (2002-2004). Annual emission estimates differ by as much as a factor of 2 (CO emissions for North America ranged from 22.6 to 39.5 Tg yr(-1)). Regional variations in emissions correspond to different tire seasons within the region. For example, the highest emissions from Central America and Mexico occur in the late spring whereas the highest emissions from the United States and Canada occur during the summer months. Comparisons of these results with other published estimates of CO emission estimates from fire show reasonable agreement, but substantial uncertainties remain in the estimation techniques. We suggest methods whereby future emissions models can reduce these uncertainties. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USFS Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USFS Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. USDA, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Dolk, Shaun/B-5656-2012; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Geron, Chris/0000-0002-4266-2155 NR 42 TC 166 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 3419 EP 3432 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.010 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 056EP UT WOS:000238504400001 ER PT J AU Kim, T Tripathy, DN AF Kim, T Tripathy, DN TI Evaluation of pathogenicity of avian poxvirus isolates from endangered Hawaiian wild birds in chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian goosepox isolate; Palilapox isolate; fowl poxvirus; pathogenicity ID FOWLPOX-VIRUS; GENOME; STRAINS AB Pathogenicity of two avian poxviruses isolated from endangered Hawaiian wild birds, the Hawaiian Goose and the Palila, was compared with fowl poxvirus in chickens. Immune responses were measured by FLISA pre- and postimmunization with Hawaiian poxviruses and after challenge with fowl poxvirus. Both isolates from Hawaiian birds developed only a localized lesion of short duration at the site of inoculation in specific-pathogen-free chickens and did not provide protection against subsequent challenge with virulent fowl poxvirus. On the other hand, birds inoculated with virulent fowl poxvirus developed severe lesions. In contrast to high antibody response in chickens immunized with fowl poxvirus, birds immunized with either of the two Hawaiian isolates developed low to moderate antibody responses against viral antigens. The level of immune responses, however, increased in birds of all groups following subsequent challenge. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Tripathy, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1637/7459-102405R.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 057GD UT WOS:000238583400023 PM 16863084 ER PT J AU Vaughn, LE Holt, PS Moore, RW Gast, RK AF Vaughn, LE Holt, PS Moore, RW Gast, RK TI Enhanced gross visualization of chicken Peyer's patch: Novel staining technique applied to fresh tissue specimens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Peyer's patch; eosin-Y; crystal violet; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; mucosal immune system; chicken alimentary tract ID MUCOSAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTESTINAL M-CELLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; IGA; ANTIBODIES; ENTRY; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION; PATHOGENS AB The ileal Peyer's patches (Pp), secondary gut-associated lymphoid tissue of the mucosal immune system, may serve as an important site for monitoring inflammatory and immunologic responses of the host against enteric pathogens. Chicken Pp are often difficult to observe grossly, and a simple technique to enhance visualization of the Pp is lacking. Therefore, we designed a novel staining method that is quick, easy, and accurate to aid in gross identification and recovery of the chicken Pp from fresh tissue specimens. Lower alimentary tracts were harvested from White Leghorn hens and commercial broilers. The ileocecocolic region was excised intact, flushed with deionized water to remove ingesta, and a dilute cosin-Y solution was infused. After 1 min, the eosin-Y was gently extruded. Modified-crystal violet (mCV) was then injected into the gastrointestinal segment, where on the lymphoid tissue area became apparent at the serosal surface. The distal ileal Pp was visible as a pale whitish pink ovoid-focalized area with surrounding gut tissue stained light purple. The exact Pp site could be delineated at the serosal and mucosal surface by gross assessment. Light microscopy evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue slides prepared from the excised Pp site revealed lymphoid tissue aggregations with multiple follicular units indicative of Pp. The novel eosin-Y + mCV staining technique promotes rapid identification and accurate recovery of chicken Pp lymphoid tissue from fresh tissue specimens. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1637/7467-110305R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 057GD UT WOS:000238583400025 PM 16863086 ER PT J AU Van Immerseel, F Russell, JB Flythe, MD Gantois, I Timbermont, L Pasmans, F Haesebrouck, F Ducatelle, R AF Van Immerseel, F Russell, JB Flythe, MD Gantois, I Timbermont, L Pasmans, F Haesebrouck, F Ducatelle, R TI The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry: a mechanistic explanation of the efficacy SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; CELLS IN-VITRO; BROILER-CHICKENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROPIONIC-ACID; FORMIC-ACID; DRINKING-WATER; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION AB Salmonella is a human pathogen that is commonly found in poultry products. It is possible to decrease chicken carcass and egg contaminations by adding organic acids to the feed or drinking water at appropriate times. Medium-chain fatty acids are more antibacterial against Salmonella than short-chain fatty acids. The antibacterial effect of these acids is species specific. Bacteria that are unable to decrease intracellular pH accumulate organic acid anions in accordance with the pH gradient across their cell membranes. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate specifically down-regulates expression of invasion genes in Salmonella spp. at low doses. Also medium-chain fatty acids and propionate decrease the ability of Salmonella spp. to invade epithelial cells, in contrast to acetic acid. Because not all bacteria are affected in a similar fashion by organic acids, it may be possible to use probiotic and prebiotic bacteria to achieve beneficial effects. If diets can be designed to stimulate organic acid production in the caecum, it may be possible to control Salmonella spp. via even easier and more cost-effective measures, compared with addition of acids to feed or drinking water. C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Van Immerseel, F (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Dept Pathol Bacteriol & Avian Dis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM filip.vanimmerseel@UGent.be RI Flythe, Michael/F-2500-2010; Pasmans, Frank/D-3667-2014; Haesebrouck, Freddy/M-3857-2014; Van Immerseel, Filip/K-3701-2014 OI Flythe, Michael/0000-0002-8868-9169; Haesebrouck, Freddy/0000-0002-1709-933X; NR 65 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1080/03079450600711045 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 050MZ UT WOS:000238093600001 PM 16753609 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ He, HQ Lowry, VK Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH AF Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Lowry, Virginia K. Swaggerty, Christina L. Kogut, Michael H. TI Comparison of heterophil functions of modern commercial and wild-type Rio Grande turkeys SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; RANDOM-BRED CONTROL; LARGE-WHITE-PIGS; INNATE IMMUNITY; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AB The purpose of the present study was to measure any functional differences in peripheral blood heterophils isolated from a commercial turkey line to wild-type Rio Grande turkeys. The phagocytosis of Salmonella enteritidis, oxidative burst (OXB) and degranulation (DGR) were used as parameters of heterophil functional efficiency in these studies. Blood was collected and heterophils isolated from each line of turkeys at days 4, 7, and 14 post-hatch. On days 4 and 7 post-hatch, heterophils from Rio Grande turkeys responded to phorbol A-myristate-13-acetate with significantly greater OXB activity than commercial line A. Results from the DGR assay also revealed a greater level of activity in Rio Grande heterophils when compared with heterophils from Line A turkeys. On day 14 post-hatch, heterophils from the commercial line A responded at similar or greater levels than Rio Grande turkey heterophils in the OXB and DGR assays. No differences in the phagocytosis of S. enteritidis were observed between the lines. These results indicate that the commercial Line A turkeys may be at an immunological disadvantage during the first days post-hatch when compared with their wild-type predecessors. Based on the results of these experiments, research into the differences and similarities between the innate immune response of commercial turkey lines and wild-type turkeys may illuminate areas where commercial lines can be improved to decrease losses due to disease and to decrease pathogen contamination of turkey products while preserving performance characteristics. C1 So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM genovese@ffsru.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 EI 1465-3338 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1080/03079450600711029 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 050MZ UT WOS:000238093600005 PM 16753613 ER PT J AU Chae, DH De Jin, R Hwangbo, H Kim, YW Kim, YC Park, RD Krishnan, HB Kim, KY AF Chae, DH De Jin, R Hwangbo, H Kim, YW Kim, YC Park, RD Krishnan, HB Kim, KY TI Control of late blight (Phytophthora capsici) in pepper plant with a compost containing multitude of chitinase-producing bacteria SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE beta-1; 3-glucanase; chitinase-producing bacteria; pepper; Phytophthora capsici ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT-ROT; ANTIFUNGAL; ACCUMULATION; BIOCONTROL; MECHANISM; DISEASES; TOMATO; AGENT AB Compost sustaining a multitude of chitinase-producing bacteria was evaluated in a greenhouse study as a soil amendment for the control of late blight (Phytophthora capsici L.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Microbial population and exogenous enzyme activity were measured in the rhizosphere and correlated to the growth and health of pepper plant. Rice straw was composted with and without a chitin source, after having been inoculated with an aliquot of coastal area soil containing a known titer of chitinase-producing bacteria. P. capsici inoculated plants cultivated in chitin compost-amended soil exhibited significantly higher root and shoot weights and lower root mortality than plants grown in pathogen-inoculated control compost. Chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities in rhizosphere of plants grown in chitin compost-amended soil were twice that seen in soil amended with control compost. Colony forming units of chitinase-producing bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of plants grown in chitin compost-amended soil were 10(3) times as prevalent as bacteria in control compost. These results indicate that increasing the population of chitinase-producing bacteria and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere by compost amendment could alleviate pathogenic effects of P. capsici. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Environm Friendly Agr Res Ctr, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Appl Plant Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM kimkil@chonnam.ac.kr NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-2934-x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 057YN UT WOS:000238631200005 ER PT J AU Ding, JQ Wu, Y Zheng, H Fu, WD Reardon, R Liu, M AF Ding, Jianqing Wu, Yun Zheng, Hao Fu, Weidong Reardon, Richard Liu, Min TI Assessing potential biological control of the invasive plant, tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological control of weeds; Ailanthus altissima; invasive plant; Eucryptorrhynchus brandti; Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis; Atteva punctella ID CHONDROSTEREUM-PURPUREUM; ECOLOGY AB Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima, is a deciduous tree indigenous to China and introduced into North America and Europe. It is a serious threat to ecosystems in introduced areas, as the plant is very competitive, and also contains allelopathic chemicals that may inhibit growth of surrounding native plants. In addition, the plant contains secondary chemicals that make it unpalatable to some insects. In this paper we assess potential biological control of this plant by reviewing literature associated with natural enemies of the plant from both its native and introduced regions in the world. Our literature surveys revealed that 46 phytophagous arthropods, 16 fungi, and one potyvirus were reported attacking tree-of-heaven, some apparently causing significant damage in China. Two weevils, Eucryptorrhynchus brandti and E. chinensis, are major pests of the plant in China and are reportedly restricted to tree-of-heaven, showing promise as potential biological control agents. Nymphs and adults of a homopteran insect, Lycorma delicatula and larvae of two lepidopteran species, Samia cynthia and Eligma narcissus, may also cause severe damage, but they are not host specific. Two rust fungi, Aecidium ailanthi J. Y. Zhuan sp. nov. and Coleosporium sp. have been reported on tree-of-heaven in China and are also promising potential candidates for biological control of the plant. Nine insect herbivores and 68 fungi are associated with tree-of-heaven in its introduced range in North America, Europe, and Asia. An oligophagous insect native to North America, the ailanthus webworm, Atteva punctella, may be a potential biocontrol agent for the plant. Among the fungal species, Fusarium osysporum f. sp. perniciosum, caused wilt of tree-of-heaven in North America and may have the potential to control the plant, but its nontarget effect should be carefully evaluated. Our review indicates that there is potential for using insects or pathogens to control tree-of-heaven. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst, Ecol & Biol Control Invas Species Lab 204, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Biol Control, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst, Ecol & Biol Control Invas Species Lab 204, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com NR 81 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 52 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 547 EP 566 DI 10.1080/09583150500531909 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 051JI UT WOS:000238157000001 ER PT J AU Caudell, JN Conover, MR AF Caudell, JN Conover, MR TI Energy content and digestibility of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and other prey items of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) on the Great Salt Lake, Utah SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE eared grebes; Podiceps nigricollis; artemia; energy content; Great Salt Lake; brine fly; corixid; metabolizable energy; apparent digestibility; true digestibility AB We measured the gross energy of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana), brine shrimp cysts, brine flies (Ephydra spp.), brine fly larva, and corixids (Trichocorixa verticalis) from the Great Salt Lake (GSL). We estimated the apparent and true digestible energy in eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) for these prey items through feeding trials. We found no difference in energy concentration (kJ/g) between any of the invertebrates except for brine fly larva. Invertebrates from the GSL have a relatively high mean energy concentration ranging from 18.8 kJ/g to 23.9 kJ/g. Eared grebes are able to use 82.2-94.9% of the dry mass and 87.4-89.7% of the gross energy (true digestibility) content of their prey items. The high energy content and digestibility partially explain how an eared grebe can successfully forage on such small prey items on the GSL. In contrast, brine shrimp cysts had a high-energy concentration (23.5 kJ/g), but had the lowest amount of true digestible energy (34% of dry mass and 51% of energy), which helps explain why grebes are rarely observed foraging on them. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Jack H Berryman Inst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Caudell, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, SMTH Hall,901 W State St,7, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM joe.n.caudell@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 130 IS 2 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.018 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058OJ UT WOS:000238674000009 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL AF Bruckart, WL TI Supplemental risk evaluations of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis for biological control of yellow starthistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; weeds; host range; risk assessment; Puccinia jaceae; Cirsium spp.; Carthamus tinctorius; safflower; thistle; Saussurea americana; endangered and threatened plant species; rare plant species; uredinales; teliospore ID TELIOSPORES; CARTHAMI AB Additional tests of native North American Cirsium species, Saussurea americana, and modern safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius) were requested by regulators and specific interest groups during the risk assessment of foreign isolates of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis for biological control of yellow starthistle (YST, Centaurea solstitialis) in the United States. These tests supplement an earlier, extensive host range determination that established P. jaceae from YST as generally host specific and potentially useful for biological control. The additional research was in response to potential hazards identified in an earlier study.. changes in safflower cultivars, and concern that P. jaceae might cause a safflower seedling disease similar to hypocotyl infections from infestation by Puccinia carthami teliospores. S. americana, a close relative of yellow starthistle, had not been tested previously. All tests were conducted in a containment greenhouse. Foliage of 19 Cirsium species, 11 safflower cultivars, and S. americana was inoculated with urediniospores and subjected to a 16-h dew period at 18-20 degrees C. Neither the Cirsium species nor S. americana became infected after foliar inoculations. Compared to foliar infections by P. carthami from safflower in California, only minor infections developed from inoculations with P. jaceae. These were similar to infections observed in earlier studies, and it was not possible to maintain P. jaceae under optimal greenhouse conditions on safflower foliage. Quantitative teliospore inoculations with P. jaceae did not cause infection on safflower hypocotyls, even though large cankers occurred on plants inoculated with P. carthami teliospores. Clear microscopic evidence of infection also was observed in hypocotyls inoculated with P. carthami. These data suggest that native (including rare, threatened, or endangered) Cirsium spp., modern safflower cultivars, and S. americana are not likely to be adversely affected by the use of P. jaceae for biological control of YST. Results from these studies substantiate previous findings and were incorporated in a proposal for permission to use P. jaceae for YST control in California. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.bruckart@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.02.001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 047JT UT WOS:000237876300015 ER PT J AU Skinner, LC Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Chandler, MA Spoden, G AF Skinner, LC Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Chandler, MA Spoden, G TI Phenology of first and peak ernergenceof Aphthona lacertosa and A-nigriscutis: Two flea beetles introduced for biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphthona lacertosa; Aphthona nigriscutis; biological control; leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula; phenology ID PEST-MANAGEMENT; CONTROL AGENTS; UNITED-STATES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; EMERGENCE; MODELS; SPP.; PROGRAM; CATTLE AB Nonlinear models were used to estimate first emergence and peak abundance dates for Aphthona lacertosa Rosenhauer and A. nigriscutis Foudras, two flea beetles introduced to control leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., in North America. For model development, 26 field sites were sampled for flea beetle abundance at weekly intervals for eight weeks in three western Minnesota counties in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A three-parameter Weibull function, fit to observed cumulative probability distributions, were used to predict accumulated degree-days (ADD) to first emergence. Bias testing indicated the Weibull function provided a useful estimate of first emergence for A. lacertosa (304 ADD, lower developmental threshold 7.5 degrees C), but failed to produce a useful estimate for A. nigriscutis. A third-order polynomial was used to approximate seasonal abundance and predict peak abundance for each species. Estimated ADD to peak abundance of A. lacertosa was 594 +/- 24 (DD > 7.5 degrees C) and 670 +/- 15 (DD > 9.3 degrees C) for A. nigriscutis. Models were validated with additional data sets from Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota. Estimated date of peak emergence provided useful predictions of peak emergence for Minnesota and North Dakota, but failed to predict peak emergence in Montana. We speculate that variation in climate and environmental conditions between Midwestern states and Montana were responsible for differing emergence patterns. We conclude that phenology models should be developed regionally to provide useful predictions of peak emergence for land managers. Maps were developed for Minnesota to spatially display predicted dates of peak abundance for A. lacertosa and A. nigriscutis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CREST,Natl Weed Management Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. RP Skinner, LC (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM luke.skinner@dnr.state.mn.us NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.01.008 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 047JT UT WOS:000237876300018 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Work, TT Cavey, JF Liebhold, AM Marshall, D AF McCullough, DG Work, TT Cavey, JF Liebhold, AM Marshall, D TI Interceptions of nonindigenous plant pests at US ports of entry and border crossings over a 17-year period SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE exotic insects; exotic species; exotic weeds; invasion pathways; nonindigenous pest arrival; Port Information Network database ID UNITED-STATES; INVASIONS; CONSEQUENCES; ERADICATION; DYNAMICS; INSECTS; SUCCESS AB Despite the substantial impacts of nonindigenous plant pests and weeds, relatively little is known about the pathways by which these organisms arrive in the U.S. One source of such information is the Port Information Network (PIN) database, maintained by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) since 1984. The PIN database is comprised of records of pests intercepted by APHIS personnel during inspections of travelers' baggage, cargo, conveyances and related items arriving at U.S. ports of entry and border crossings. Each record typically includes the taxonomic identify of the pest, its country of origin, and information related to the commodity and interception site. We summarized more than 725,000 pest interceptions recorded in PIN from 1984 to 2000 to examine origins, interception sites and modes of transport for nonindigenous insects, mites, mollusks, nematodes, plant pathogens and weeds. Roughly 62% of intercepted pests were associated with baggage, 30% were associated with cargo and 7% were associated with plant propagative material. Pest interceptions occurred most commonly at airports (73%), U.S.-Mexico land border crossings (13%) and marine ports (9%). Insects dominated the database, comprising 73 to 84% of the records annually, with the orders Homoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera collectively accounting for over 75% of the insect records. Plant pathogens, weeds and mollusks accounted for 13, 7 and 1.5% of all pest records, respectively, while mites and nematodes comprised less than 1% of the records. Pests were intercepted from at least 259 different locations. Common origins included Mexico, Central and South American countries, the Caribbean and Asia. Within specific commodity pathways, richness of the pest taxa generally increased linearly with the number of interceptions. Application of PIN data for statistically robust predictions is limited by nonrandom sampling protocols, but the data provide a valuable historical record of the array of nonindigenous organisms transported to the U.S. through international trade and travel. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 44 TC 126 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 611 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-1798-4 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056NO UT WOS:000238531200005 ER PT J AU Caton, BP Dobbs, TT Brodel, CF AF Caton, BP Dobbs, TT Brodel, CF TI Arrivals of hitchhiking insect pests on international cargo aircraft at Miami International Airport SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE contaminating pests; contamination; hitchhikers; introduction; non-indigenous pests; risk analysis ID BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; FLORIDA AB In a study of hitchhiking or contaminating insect pests on international cargo aircraft at Miami International Airport from 1998 to 1999, it was found that contamination rates were greatest, 23%, on cargo flights from Central America and much lower, near 5%, on flights from all other regions. We reanalyzed the study data to test for associations between contaminated flights and factors such as season, cargo type, and time of departure (night or day), and developed probabilistic models for predicting insect pest arrivals by region and pest risk levels. Significant (P < 0.05) associations were detected between contaminated flights and (1) wet season flights from Central America, (2) flights carrying plant products and clothing or fabrics, and (3) flights departing at night from the country of origin. In Monte Carlo simulations, numbers of arriving mated insect pests were greatest for cargo flights from Central America, because of great contamination rates, and South America, because of the large volume of flights from there. Few insects arrived on flights from the Caribbean, and few high-risk insects arrived from anywhere. Although the likelihood of establishment in South Florida via this pathway could not be estimated, based upon arrivals the greatest threats were posed by moderate-risk insect pests on flights from Central and South America. Simulations indicated that switching to daytime departures only reduced pest arrivals by one-third. The simplest mechanism for pathway entry that explains the associations found is that insects entered aircraft randomly but sometimes remained because of the presence of certain cargo types. Hence, contamination rates were greater during the wet season because of greater abundance locally, and on nighttime flights because of greater abundance around lighted loading operations. Empty planes probably had no pests because pests had no access to holds. Thus, the best mitigation strategies for this pathway will likely be those that exclude insects from holds or reduce the attractiveness of night loading operations. Optimizing inspections based on associations is also possible but will be less effective for regions such as South America, with high flight volumes and low contamination rates. Comparisons to other pathways indicates the potential importance of hitchhikers on cargo aircraft at MIA. C1 USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Assessment Lab, APHIS, PPQ,Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, APHIS, Miami Inspect Stn, Miami, FL USA. RP Caton, BP (reprint author), USDA, Plant Epidemiol & Risk Assessment Lab, APHIS, PPQ,Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM barney.p.caton@aphis.usda.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 765 EP 785 DI 10.1007/s10530-005-3736-x PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056NO UT WOS:000238531200020 ER PT J AU Kim, BS Hou, CT AF Kim, Beom Soo Hou, Ching T. TI Production of lipase by high cell density fed-batch culture of Candida cylindracea SO BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lipase; Candida cylindracea; fed-batch; fermentation; oleic acid ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PH-STAT; RUGOSA; CULTIVATION AB Candida cylindracea NRRL Y-17506 was grown to produce extracellular lipase from oleic acid as a carbon source. Through flask cultures, it was found that the optimum initial oleic acid concentration for cell growth was 20 g l(-1). However, high initial concentrations of oleic acid up to 50 g l(-1) were not inhibitory. The highest extracellular lipase activity obtained in flask culture was 3.0 U ml(-1) after 48 h with 5 g l(-1) of initial oleic acid concentration. Fed-batch cultures (intermittent and stepwise feeding) were carried out to improve cell concentration and lipase activity. For the intermittent feeding fed-batch culture, the final cell concentration was 52 g l(-1) and the extracellular lipase activity was 6.3 U ml(-1) at 138.5 h. Stepwise feeding fed-batch cultures were carried out to simulate an exponential feeding and to investigate the effects of specific growth rate (0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 h(-1)) on cell growth and lipase production. The highest final cell concentration obtained was 90 g l(-1) when the set point of specific growth rate (Net) was 0.02 h(-1). High specific growth rate (0.04 and 0.08 h(-1)) decreased extracellular lipase production in the later part of fedbatch cultures due to build-up of the oleic acid oversupplied. The highest extracellular lipase activity was 23.7 U ml(-1) when mu(set) was 0.02 h(-1), while the highest lipase roductivity was 0.31 U ml(-1) h(-1) at mu(set) of 0.08 h(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM houct@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-7591 J9 BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG JI Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00449-006-0058-z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 067DK UT WOS:000239281700007 PM 16583200 ER PT J AU Green, S Cavigelli, M Dao, T Flanagan, D AF Green, S Cavigelli, M Dao, T Flanagan, D TI Care needed in comparisons SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Green, S (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. EM sgreen@astate.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 461 EP 461 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[461:CNIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 051SB UT WOS:000238180000002 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Li, XL Hughes, S Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, N Li, XL Hughes, S Saha, BC Cotta, MA TI Butanol production from corn fiber xylan using Clostridium acetobutylicum SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID BEIJERINCKII BA101; WHEY PERMEATE; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION; RECOVERY; ETHANOL; PERVAPORATION; EXTRACTION; SUBSTRATE; ACETONE AB Acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) were produced from corn fiber arabinoxylan (CFAX) and CFAX sugars (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose) using Clostridium acetobutylicum P260. In mixed sugar (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose) fermentation, the culture preferred glucose and arabinose over galactose and xylose. Under the experimental conditions, CFAX (60 g/L) was not fermented until either 5 g/L xylose or glucose plus xylanase enzyme were added to support initial growth and fermentation. In this system, C. acetobutylicum produced 9.60 g/L ABE from CFAX and xylose. This experiment resulted in a yield and productivity of 0.41 and 0.20 g/L(.)h, respectively. In the integrated hydrolysis, fermentation, and recovery process, 60 g/L CFAX and 5 g/L xylose produced 24.67 g/L ABE and resulted in a higher yield (0.44) and a higher productivity (0.47 g/L(.)h). CFAX was hydrolyzed by xylan-hydrolyzing enzymes, and ABE were recovered by gas stripping. This investigation demonstrated that integration of hydrolysis of CFAX, fermentation to ABE, and recovery of ABE in a single system is an economically attractive process. It is suggested that the culture be further developed to hydrolyze CFAX and utilize all xylan sugars simultaneously. This would further increase productivity of the reactor. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 32 TC 83 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1021/bp050360w PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 048VB UT WOS:000237973500009 PM 16739948 ER PT J AU Li, RW Waldbieser, GC AF Li, Robert W. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. TI Production and utilization of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA MICROARRAY; ZEBRAFISH; LPS; INFECTION; TRANSCRIPTOME; ACTIVATION; KIDNEY; CELLS; ARRAY AB Background: Functional analysis of the catfish genome will be useful for the identification of genes controlling traits of economic importance, especially innate disease resistance. However, this species lacks a platform for global gene expression profiling, so we designed a first generation high-density oligonucleotide microarray platform based on channel catfish EST sequences. This platform was used to profile gene expression in catfish spleens 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: In the spleen samples, 138 genes were significantly induced or repressed greater than 2-fold by LPS treatment. Real-time RT-PCR was used to verify the microarray results for nine selected genes representing different expression levels. The results from real-time RT-PCR were positively correlated (R-2 = 0.87) with the results from the microarray. Conclusion: The first generation channel catfish microarray provided several candidate genes useful for further evaluation of immune response mechanisms in this species. This research will help us to better understand recognition of LPS by host cells and the LPS-signalling pathway in fish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rli@anri.barc.usda.gov; gwaldbieser@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 134 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-134 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 064EK UT WOS:000239071800001 PM 16740160 ER PT J AU Thymann, T Burrin, DG Tappenden, KA Bjornvad, CR Jensen, SK Sangild, PT AF Thymann, T Burrin, DG Tappenden, KA Bjornvad, CR Jensen, SK Sangild, PT TI Formula-feeding reduces lactose digestive capacity in neonatal pigs SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE formula-feeding; lactose; intestine; neonatal pigs ID NITRIC-OXIDE; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; FED PIGLETS; VITAMIN-E; ACIDS; MILK; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; TOCOPHEROL AB The intestine of newborn pigs develops rapidly during the first days postpartum. We investigated if feeding milk replacer (infant formula) as an alternative to colostrum has compromising effects on nutrient digestive function in the neonatal period. Nineteen piglets born at term were assigned to one of four treatments: (1) newborn controls; (2) natural suckling for 24 h; (3) tube-fed formula for 24 h; (4) tube-fed porcine colostrum for 24 h. All three fed groups showed significant increases in small-intestinal and colonic weights, villous heights and widths, maltase and aminopeptidase A activities, and decreases in dipeptidylpeptidase IV activity, relative to newborn pigs. Following oral boluses of mannitol, lactose or galactose, formula-fed pigs showed significantly reduced plasma levels of mannitol and galactose compared with colostrum-fed pigs. Activity of intestinal inducible NO synthase and plasma levels of cortisol were significantly increased, whereas intestinal constitutive NO synthase and alpha-tocopherol were decreased in formula-fed pigs compared with colostrum-fed pigs. Although formula-fed pigs only showed minor clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction and showed similar intestinal trophic responses just after birth, as those fed colostrum, lactose digestive capacity was markedly reduced. We conclude that formula-feeding may exert detrimental effects on intestinal function in neonates. Formula-induced subclinical malfunction of the gut in pigs born at term was associated with altered NO synthase activity and antioxidative capacity. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Human Nutr, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth Welf & Nutr, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Thymann, T (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Human Nutr, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM ttn@kvl.dk RI Jensen, Soren/N-5035-2015; OI Sangild, Per Torp/0000-0002-5462-7760 NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1081 DI 10.1079/BJN20061743 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 051ZR UT WOS:000238200700007 PM 16768828 ER PT J AU Thacker, PA Rossnagel, BG Raboy, V AF Thacker, P. A. Rossnagel, B. G. Raboy, V. TI The effects of phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, plasma parameters, performance and carcass traits of pigs fed diets based on low-phytate barley without inorganic phosphorus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low phytate barley; phytase; pigs; performance; digestibility ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER PHYTASE; PHYTIC ACID; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; GROWING PIGS; FINISHING PIGS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; AMINO-ACIDS; AVAILABILITY AB A total of 80 crossbred pigs (25.5 +/- 2.6 kg) were assigned to one of eight dietary treatments. A positive control, based on Harrington barley, was formulated to meet requirements for total phosphorus. Three experimental diets (low in total phosphorus) were formulated based on either Harrington barley (0.28% phytate phosphorus) or the low phytate genotypes LP422 (0.14% phytate phosphorus) and LP 635 (0.09% phytate phosphorus). The four diets were fed with and without 1000 FTU kg(-1) phytase. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as a result of supplementation with phytase. For the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, calcium digestibility averaged 69.6, 73.3 and 72.2% while phosphorus digestibility averaged 36.5, 50.5 and 57.7% for pigs fed the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The addition of phytase to the diet consistently reduced the percentage of phosphorus excreted in feces and fecal phosphorus excretion declined as the level of phytate in the barley declined. The addition of phytase tended to improve weight gain (P < 0.10) and significantly improved feed conversion (P < 0.05). For pigs fed the barley diets formulated without dicalcium phosphate, daily gain averaged 0.90, 0.99 and 1.01 kg d(-1) while feed conversion averaged 2.70, 2.39 and 2.38 for the Harrington, LP 422 and LP 635 diets, respectively. The overall results of this experiment indicate that the performance of pigs fed diets containing low-phytate barley formulated without a source of inorganic phosphorus is at least equal to that of pigs fed diets containing normal-phytate barley and inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the increased availability of organic phosphorus reduced the amount of phosphorus excreted thus reducing the amount of phosphorus that can potentially pollute the environment. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Thacker, PA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. EM thacker@admin.usask.ca NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 86 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 077SM UT WOS:000240050400011 ER PT J AU Claeson, SM Li, JL Compton, JE Bisson, PA AF Claeson, Shannon M. Li, Judith L. Compton, Jana E. Bisson, Peter A. TI Response of nutrients, biofilm, and benthic insects to salmon carcass addition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPAWNING SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; STREAMS; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13 AB Salmon carcass addition to streams is expected to increase stream productivity at multiple trophic levels. This study examined stream nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), epilithic biofilm (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a), leaf-litter decomposition, and macroinvertebrate (density and biomass) responses to carcass addition in three headwater streams of southwestern Washington State, USA. We used stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) to trace incorporation of salmon-derived (SD) nutrients into stream food webs. SD nutrients were assimilated by biofilm, benthic insects (Perlidae and Limnephilidae spp.), and age-1 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri). SD nutrients peaked similar to 2 weeks after carcass addition for insects and fish feeding on carcasses, but indirect uptake of SD nutrients by biofilm and insects was delayed by similar to 2 months. A strong stable isotope signal did not always correspond with measurable biological change. At reaches 10-50 m downstream from carcasses, ammonium concentration, leaf-litter decomposition, and benthic insect density all increased relative to upstream control sites. The strongest responses and greatest SD-nutrient uptake were observed 10 m from decomposing carcasses, with effects generally decreasing to undetectable levels 250 m downstream. Carcass addition to headwater streams can have a transient effect on primary and secondary trophic levels, but responses may be limited to specific taxa near carcass locations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Claeson, SM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM sclaeson@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1241 DI 10.1139/F06-029 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053DT UT WOS:000238285700004 ER PT J AU Barrio-Anta, M Castedo-Dorado, F Dieguez-Aranda, U Alvarez-Gonzalez, JG Parresol, BR Rodriguez-Soalleiro, R AF Barrio-Anta, Marcos Castedo-Dorado, Fernando Dieguez-Aranda, Ulises Alvarez-Gonzalez, Juan G. Parresol, Bernard R. Rodriguez-Soalleiro, Roque TI Development of a basal area growth system for maritime pine in northwestern Spain using the generalized algebraic difference approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEIGHT-DIAMETER MODELS; DYNAMIC SITE EQUATIONS; EVEN-AGED STANDS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; YIELD MODEL; PINASTER AIT.; INDEX MODELS; PLANTATIONS; CURVES; PROVENANCES AB A basal area growth system for single-species, even-aged maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Galicia (northwestern Spain) was developed from data of 212 plots measured between one and four times. Six dynamic equations were considered for analysis, and both numerical and graphical methods were used to compare alternative models. The double cross-validation approach was used to assess the predictive ability of the models. The data were best described by a dynamic equation derived from the Korf growth function using the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) by considering two parameters to be site specific. The equation was fitted in one stage using the base-age-invariant dummy variables method. In addition, the system incorporates a function for predicting initial stand basal area, in which the site-related variable was expressed as a power function of site index. This function can be used to establish the starting point for the projection equation when no inventory data are available. The two equations are compatible. The effect of thinning on basal area growth was examined; the results showed that there was no need to use a different equation to reliably predict postthinning basal area development. The nonlinear extra sum of squares method indicated differences in the model parameters for the two ecoregions (coastal and interior) defined for this species in the area of study. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ingn Agroforestal, Lugo 27002, Spain. Univ Leon, Escuela Super & Tecn Ingn Agr, Dept Ingn Agr, Ponferrada 24400, Spain. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Prod Vegetal, Lugo 27002, Spain. RP Barrio-Anta, M (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ingn Agroforestal, Campus Univ, Lugo 27002, Spain. EM barrio@lugo.usc.es RI Rodriguez-Soalleiro, Roque/E-4275-2012; Dieguez-Aranda, Ulises/E-4302-2012; Castedo-Dorado, Fernando/E-5449-2012; OI Dieguez-Aranda, Ulises/0000-0002-4640-6714; Castedo-Dorado, Fernando/0000-0002-1656-5255; Alvarez-Gonzalez, Juan Gabriel/0000-0002-5206-9128 NR 81 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1461 EP 1474 DI 10.1139/X06-028 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053EB UT WOS:000238286600011 ER PT J AU Royo, AA Carson, WP AF Royo, Alejandro A. Carson, Walter P. TI On the formation of dense understory layers in forests worldwide: consequences and implications for forest dynamics, biodiversity, and succession SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Review ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CANOPY-TREE SEEDLINGS; BRACKEN PTERIDIUM-AQUILINUM; MULTIPLE STABLE POINTS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; SALAL GAULTHERIA-SHALLON; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES AB The mechanistic basis underpinning forest succession is the gap-phase paradigm in which overstory disturbance interacts with seedling and sapling shade tolerance to determine successional trajectories. The theory, and ensuing simulation models, typically assume that understory plants have little impact on the advance regeneration layer's composition. We challenge that assumption by reviewing over 125 papers on 38 species worldwide that form dense and persistent understory canopies. Once established, this layer strongly diminishes tree regeneration, thus altering the rate and direction of forest succession. We term these dense strata recalcitrant understory layers. Over half of the cases reviewed were linked to increases in canopy disturbance and either altered herbivory or fire regimes. Nearly 75% of the studies declared that competition and allelopathy were the likely interference mechanisms decreasing tree regeneration, yet only 25% of the studies used manipulative field experiments to test these putative mechanisms. We present a conceptual model that links the factors predisposing the formation of recalcitrant understory layers with their interference mechanisms and subsequent impacts on succession. We propose that their presence constricts floristic diversity and argue for their explicit inclusion in forest dynamics theory and models. Finally, we offer management suggestions to limit their establishment and mitigate their impacts. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Royo, AA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM aroyo@fs.fed.us RI Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013 NR 231 TC 202 Z9 210 U1 11 U2 119 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1362 DI 10.1139/X06-025 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053EB UT WOS:000238286600001 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA AF Westfall, JA TI Predicting past and future diameter growth for trees in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AREA INCREMENT MODEL; INDIVIDUAL TREES; HEIGHT GROWTH; PINE; SPRUCE; STANDS AB Tree diameter growth models are widely used in forestry applications, often to predict tree size at a future point in time. Also, there are instances where projections of past diameters are needed. A relative diameter growth model was developed to allow prediction of both future and past growth rates. Coefficients were estimated for 15 species groups that cover most tree species in the northeastern United States. Application of the model to independent data generally showed slight underprediction of growth, although the bias was negligible. Correlated observations were accounted for via a mixed-effects modeling approach, and an error function was specified to address heterogeneous variance. The models use a minimum amount of field-collected data, thus keeping data acquisition costs low and facilitating use in many forest growth applications. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1551 EP 1562 DI 10.1139/X06-045 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 053EB UT WOS:000238286600019 ER PT J AU Marri, PR Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Golding, GB AF Marri, Pradeep Reddy Bannantine, John P. Paustian, Michael L. Golding, G. Brian TI Lateral gene transfer in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycobacteria; M. avium subsp paratuberculosis; lateral gene transfer; unique genes; phylogeny ID PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS; GENOME INNOVATION; EVOLUTION; BACTERIAL; TUBERCULOSIS; SURVIVAL; DIAGNOSTICS; NEIGHBOR; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX AB Lateral gene transfer is an integral part of genome evolution in most bacteria. Bacteria can readily change the contents of their genomes to increase adaptability to ever-changing surroundings and to generate evolutionary novelty. Here, we report instances of lateral gene transfer in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a pathogenic bacteria that causes Johne's disease in cattle. A set of 275 genes are identified that are likely to have been recently acquired by lateral gene transfer. The analysis indicated that 53 of the 275 genes were acquired after the divergence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from M. avium subsp. avium, whereas the remaining 222 genes were possibly acquired by a common ancestor of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium after its divergence from the ancestor of M. tuberculosis complex. Many of the acquired genes were from proteobacteria or soil dwelling actinobacteria. Prominent among the predicted laterally transferred genes is the gene rsbR, a possible regulator of sigma factor, and the genes designated MAP3614 and MAP3757, which are similar to genes in eukaryotes. The results of this study suggest that like most other bacteria, lateral gene transfers seem to be a common feature in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and that the proteobacteria contribute most of these genetic exchanges. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Golding, GB (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM golding@mcmaster.ca OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1139/W06-001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 062CY UT WOS:000238923400008 PM 16788724 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Saona, C Poland, TM Miller, JR Stelinski, LL Grant, GG de Groot, P Buchan, L MacDonald, L AF Rodriguez-Saona, C Poland, TM Miller, JR Stelinski, LL Grant, GG de Groot, P Buchan, L MacDonald, L TI Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, to induced volatiles of Manchurian ash, Fraxinus mandshurica SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host-plant finding; Fraxinus mandshurica; induced volatiles; methyl jasmonate; GC-EAD; EAG dose-response; olfactometer; attractants ID HERBIVORE-INDUCED VOLATILES; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; JASMONIC ACID; PHASEOLUS-LUNATUS; LEAF SENESCENCE; ABIOTIC FACTORS; COTTON PLANTS; INSECT; EMISSIONS; COLEOPTERA AB We investigated the volatile emissions of Manchurian ash seedlings, Fraxinus mandshurica, in response to feeding by the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, and to exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Feeding damage by adult A. planipennis and MeJA treatment increased volatile emissions compared to unexposed controls. Although the same compounds were emitted from plants damaged by beetles and treated with MeJA, quantitative differences were found in the amounts of emissions for individual compounds. Adult virgin female A. planipennis were similarly attracted to volatiles from plants damaged by beetles and those treated with MeJA in olfactometer bioassays; males did not respond significantly to the same volatiles. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) revealed at least 16 antennally-active compounds from F. mandshurica, including: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and E,E-alpha-farnesene. Electroantennogram (EAG) dose-response curves using synthetic compounds revealed that females had a stronger EAG response to linalool than males; and male responses were greater to: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, and hexyl acetate. These results suggest that females may use induced volatiles in long-range host finding, while their role for males is unclear. If attraction of females to these volatiles in an olfactometer is upheld by field experiments, host plant volatiles may find practical application in detection and monitoring of A. planipennis populations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Canadian Forestry Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Rodriguez-Saona, C (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Stelinski, Lukasz/A-6362-2008 NR 60 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00049-005-0329-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 044FE UT WOS:000237657000001 ER PT J AU Huang, YCT Bassett, MA Levin, D Montilla, T Ghio, AJ AF Huang, YCT Bassett, MA Levin, D Montilla, T Ghio, AJ TI Acute phase reaction in healthy volunteers after bronchoscopy with lavage SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; inflammation; inflammation mediators; interleukin ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; INFLAMMATION; SERUM; CYTOKINES; BLOOD AB Study objectives: Bronchoscopy with BAL is being used increasingly in the investigation of acute and chronic lung inflammation. The scope of the acute phase response induced by the procedure is not fully evaluated. The purpose of the study is to characterize the acute phase response induced by bronchoscopy with BAL. Design: Observational study. Setting: A human study research facility. Participants: Normal nonsmoking volunteers. Intervention: A total of 28 subjects were recruited. Under local anesthesia, the subjects underwent bronchoscopy with a videofiberoptic bronchoscope. One subsegment of the lingular segment of the left upper lobe and the right middle lobe were lavaged each with 170 to 270 mL of sterile normal saline solution. Measurements and results: CBC count, serum levels of indexes of iron homeostasis, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma mediators related to neutrophil migration and endothelial cell activation, including interleukin (IL)-8, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, and nitrite/nitrate, were measured. Measurements of these plasma markers were done immediately before, immediately after, and 24 h after bronchoscopy. Changes in acute phase response were detected primarily at 24 h after the procedure. WBCs, primarily neutrophils, increased by approximately 50%. Fibrinogen increased by 25% while CRP increased by more than sevenfold. Serum ferritin increased by 25% while serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation decreased, indicating dysregulation of iron homeostasis. There were no changes in IL-8, ACE, sICAM-1, or nitrite/nitrate plasma levels. Conclusions: Bronchoscopy with BAL induces a variety of acute phase responses that includes peripheral neutrophilia, dysregulation of iron homeostasis, and increased levels of fibrinogen and CRP. Human research that employs BAL may need to consider the biological effects induced by the procedure-related acute phase response. C1 USDA ARS, Off Res & Dev, Human Studies Div, Clin Res Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Huang, YCT (reprint author), US EPA, Human Studies Div, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM huang.tony@epa.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 2006 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1569 DI 10.1378/chest.129.6.1565 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 054BA UT WOS:000238349300029 PM 16778276 ER PT J AU Zhang, DY Zhang, YA Gaskin, JF Chen, ZD AF Zhang Daoyuan Zhang Yuan Gaskin, J. F. Chen Zhiduan TI Systematic position of Myrtama Ovcz. & Kinz. based on morphological and nrDNA ITS sequence evidence SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ITS sequence; Myrtama Ovcz. & Kinz; Myricaria elegans Royle; Tamaricaceae ID TAMARICACEAE; RDNA AB Myrtama is a genus named from Myricaria elegans Royle in the 1970's in terms of its morphological peculiarities. The establishment of this genus and its systematic position have been disputed since its inception. ITS sequences from 10 species of Tamaricaceae are reported, and analyzed by PAUP 4.0b8 and Bayesian Inference to reconstruct the phylogenies. A single ITS tree is generated from maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses, respectively. The molecular data set shows strong support for Tamarix and Myricaria as monophyletic genera, and Myrtama as a sister group to the genus Myricaria. Based on morphological differences, a single morphological tree is also generated, in which two major lineages existed but Myrtama is a sister group to Tamarix, rather than Myricaria. The evidence from DNA sequences and morphological characters supports that Myicaria elegans should be put into neither Myricaria nor Tamarix, but kept in its own monotypic genus. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Turpan Eremophytes Bot Garden, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Zhang, DY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Turpan Eremophytes Bot Garden, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM Daoyuanzhang@163.net NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 SU 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s11434-006-8215-y PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077BE UT WOS:000240001900015 ER PT J AU Pomes, A Butts, CL Chapman, MD AF Pomes, A Butts, CL Chapman, MD TI Quantification of Ara h 1 in peanuts: why roasting makes a difference SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE allergen quantification; food allergy; immunoassay; peanut allergen ID ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES; IGE-BINDING; PROTEIN AB Background Increased allergenicity of roasted vs. raw peanut has been reported by showing higher IgE binding to roasted peanut extracts. Objective To study the effect of roasting on Ara h 1 quantification in peanut using a specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, and to compare the Ara h 1 content from different kernel size peanuts from four runner cultivars. Methods Raw or oven-roasted (177 degrees C for 5-30 min) runner peanuts were crushed and extracted at 60 degrees C. Inhibition ELISA was used to study binding of Ara h 1 purified from raw or roasted peanut. Runner peanuts of four different cultivars were collected, shelled, sized and roasted for 15 min at 177 degrees C. Ara h 1 in the extracts was compared by ELISA. Results Ara h 1 levels were up to 22-fold higher in roasted than in raw peanuts (820 vs. 37 mu g/mL, in a representative experiment) with an Ara h 1 peak at 10-15 min of roasting. Inhibition ELISA indicated that this increase was not due to conformational changes in the Ara h 1 monoclonal antibody epitopes. Ara h 1 was found at lower levels in number 1 than in jumbo- and medium-sized peanuts, and no differences were found among cultivars. Conclusion These results suggest that roasting increases the efficiency of Ara h 1 extraction, and/or that the monoclonal antibody binding epitopes were more accessible in roasted peanut. Expression of Ara h 1 is associated with peanut maturity. C1 INDOOR Biotechnol Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Pomes, A (reprint author), INDOOR Biotechnol Inc, 1216 Harris St, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM apomes@inbio.com NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02490.x PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 048UX UT WOS:000237973100017 PM 16776684 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Payeur, JB Harris, NB Minion, FC Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Payeur, JB Harris, NB Minion, FC Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP TI Immune responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium kansasii SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA ASSAY; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MURINE MACROPHAGES; DIAGNOSIS; ESAT-6; CFP-10 AB Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. katisasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. katisasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, MA USA. State Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Vet Sci Div, Bacteriol Dept, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015; OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1128/CVI.00054-06 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WX UT WOS:000238337900002 PM 16760317 ER PT J AU Thacker, TC Palmer, MV Waters, WR AF Thacker, TC Palmer, MV Waters, WR TI Correlation of cytokine gene expression with pathology in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GAMMA-INTERFERON; TUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; MICHIGAN; CELLS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECOGNITION; PREVALENCE AB Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer (WTD) in northeast Michigan are a reservoir of mycobacteria that pose a threat to both domestic animals and humans. Relatively little work has been done to characterize the immune response of WTD to M. bovis infection; however, an understanding of the immune response to infection and pathogenesis may be critical to the development of an effective vaccine. Immunological responses to infection were characterized by monitoring cytokine gene expression in M. bovis-infected and uninfected deer. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from infected WTD expressed more gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12p40 JL-12p40), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-4 mRNA than did PBL from uninfected deer, however, differences were not detected in expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-P mRNA. Infected animals could be divided into two groups based on pathology. Lesions were confined primarily to the lymph nodes of the head in animals with less severe pathology. Animals with more severe pathology had lesions in the lung and associated lymph nodes as well as the lymph nodes of the head. More robust IFN-gamma mRNA expression correlated with pathology early in infection. These findings indicate that IFN-gamma expression likely plays a role in both protection and pathogenesis. C1 Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Thacker, TC (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tthacker@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 640 EP 647 DI 10.1128/CVI.00024-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WX UT WOS:000238337900006 PM 16760321 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Bannantine, JP Vordermeier, HM Hewinson, RG Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J McNair, J Pollock, JM Andersen, P Lyashchenko, KP AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Thacker, TC Bannantine, JP Vordermeier, HM Hewinson, RG Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J McNair, J Pollock, JM Andersen, P Lyashchenko, KP TI Early antibody responses to experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; GAMMA-INTERFERON; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; MICHIGAN AB Bovine tuberculosis persists as a costly zoonotic disease in numerous countries despite extensive eradication and control efforts. Sequential serum samples obtained from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle were evaluated for seroreactivity to mycobacterial antigens. Animals received M. bovis by aerosol, intratonsil, intranasal, or intratracheal inoculation. Assays included the multiantigen print immunoassay for determination of antigen recognition patterns, immunoblot analysis for sensitive kinetic studies, and the VetTB STAT-PAK test, a novel, rapid test based on lateral-flow technology. Responses to MPB83 were detected for all M. bovis-infected animals regardless of the route or strain of M. bovis used for inoculation. Other less commonly recognized antigens included ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB70. Responses to MPB83 were detectable as early as 4 weeks after inoculation, were boosted upon injection of purified protein derivatives for skin testing, and persisted throughout the course of each of the four challenge studies. MPB83-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) was detected prior to MPB83-specific IgG detection; however, early IgM responses rapidly waned, suggesting a benefit of tests that detect both IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies. The VetTB STAT-PAK test detected responses in sera from 60% (15/25) of the animals by 7 weeks after challenge and detected responses in 96% (24/25) of the animals by 18 weeks. These findings demonstrate the potential for new-generation antibody-based tests for the early detection of M. bovis infection in cattle. C1 Natl Anim Dis Ctr, United States Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, MA USA. Vet Sci Div, Bacteriol Dept, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Statens Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, United States Dept Agr Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Hewinson, Glyn/F-7077-2010; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 648 EP 654 DI 10.1128/CVI.00061-06 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WX UT WOS:000238337900007 PM 16760322 ER PT J AU Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Konstantinov, AS Moseyko, AG AF Chamorro-Lacayo, M. Lourdes Konstantinov, Alexander S. Moseyko, Alexey G. TI Comparative morphology of the female genitalia and some abdominal structures of Neotropical Cryptocephalini (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Cryptocephalinae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLEA BEETLES COLEOPTERA AB The female genitalia of New World Cryptocephalini was studied and illustrated based on representatives of 11 of the 13 genera of the tribe. It was found that female genitalia contain pleutites IX, a rare and apparently primitive feature among leaf beetles. In other features cryptocephaline female genitalia are simpler than genitalia of other leaf beetles in having a poorly sclerotized sternite VIII and lacking the tignum. It is also hypothesized that the vagina is formed by sternites IX (dorsally) and VIII (ventrally), and that sclerotized plate of sternite IX can be homologized with vaginal palpi of flea beetles. A set of characters of diagnostic and of possible phylogenetic value was found. In general, Cryptocephalina and Monachulina bear the greatest affinity in overall morphology of the female genitalia, with Pachybrachina possessing a different set of unique morphological states. Of particular diagnostic and phylogenetic value at the subtribal level, as revealed by this study, are the shape and degree of sclerotization of tergite VIII, tergite IX, and sternite VIII. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv,Smithsonian Inst,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Chamorro-Lacayo, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cham0138@umn.edu; akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov; moseyko@mail333.com RI Moseyko, Alexey/R-5297-2016 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X EI 1938-4394 J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1649/873.1 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 098UV UT WOS:000241549200005 ER PT J AU Cognato, AI Bogran, CE Rabaglia, R AF Cognato, Anthony I. Bogran, Carlos E. Rabaglia, Robert TI An exotic ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford) (Scolytinae : Xyleborina) found in Texas SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Cognato, AI (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1649/895.1 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 098UV UT WOS:000241549200009 ER PT J AU Kessler, WB Thomas, JW AF Kessler, WB Thomas, JW TI Conservation biology from the perspective of natural resource management disciplines SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Alaska Reg, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Kessler, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Alaska Reg, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM wkessler@fs.fed.us NR 3 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 670 EP 673 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00451.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053NZ UT WOS:000238313200015 PM 16909549 ER PT J AU Bowne, DR Bowers, MA Hines, JE AF Bowne, David R. Bowers, Michael A. Hines, James E. TI Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysemys picta; habitat fragmentation; habitat quality; interpatch movement; multistate model; painted turtle ID CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; TERRESTRIAL MOVEMENTS; POPULATION REGULATION; INTERPATCH MOVEMENTS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; HABITAT SELECTION AB Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape. The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning. We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.). We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density. Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not. Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes. The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought. Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as otherponds dried. Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species. Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches. The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance. Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci & Blandy Expt Farm, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bowne, DR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci & Blandy Expt Farm, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 81 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 780 EP 791 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00355.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053NZ UT WOS:000238313200037 PM 16909571 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR AF Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR TI Genetic diversity and seed production in Santa Lucia fir (Abies bracteata), a relict of the Miocene Broadleaved Evergreen Forest SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic structure; inbreeding; isozymes; relict species; seed yield ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; NEBRODENSIS LOJAC. MATTEI; SUB-ALPINE FIR; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; ALLOZYME VARIATION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MATING-SYSTEM; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; MEDITERRANEAN FIRS; POLLEN DISPERSAL AB Santa Lucia fir (Abies bracteata), is a unique fir, the sole member of the subgenus Pseudotorreya. It is a relict of the Miocene broadleaved evergreen sclerophyll forest, and is now restricted to a highly fragmented range in the Santa Lucia Mountains of central coastal California. Expected heterozygosity for 30 isozyme loci in 18 enzyme systems, averaged over six populations that spanned the species' north-south range, was only 0.036. Despite a fragmented range and isolated populations, differentiation (F (ST)) was only 0.080 for mature trees, and the number of migrants per generation (Nm) was 2.88 or 3.83, depending on the method of estimation. F (ST) for embryos was lower, 0.025, and Nm correspondingly higher, 9.75. Nei's genetic distances were small and unrelated to geographic distances between populations. The proportion of full seeds per cone was only 0.082-0.488, depending on population, which suggests a high incidence of selfing followed by embryo abortion. However, the level of accumulated inbreeding, F (IS), in mature trees was low, only 0.049. By contrast, F (IS) for embryos was 0.388, which indicates a high proportion of selfed progeny, in agreement with the low seed yields. The difference in inbreeding coefficients between seed trees and their progeny suggest that most inbreds are eliminated before maturity and, therefore, seed production, already low, overestimates the true potential for regeneration of these populations. These results have implications for conservation. C1 USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, 2480,Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. EM tledig@ucdavis.edu NR 79 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 383 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10592-005-9049-x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 049OT UT WOS:000238026600006 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ AF Castle, SJ TI Concentration and management of Bemisia tabaci in cantaloupe as a trap crop for cotton SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE polyphagy; B-biotype Bemisia tabaci; host preference; pest management ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; ALEYRODIDAE; OVIPOSITION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; ARIZONA AB A greater settling and retention of Bemisia tabaci adults on cantaloupes over cotton was the basis for examining the potential of cantaloupes to serve as a trap crop and reduce infestations of B. tabaci in cotton. The preference of adults for leaves of cantaloupe compared to cotton in caged cylindrical arenas in the greenhouse was greater than 67% on average. However, when adults had access to whole plants rather than individual leaves in uncaged bench-top experiments, the preference for cantaloupe was greater than 90%. In field trials conducted in central Arizona over two seasons, much higher numbers of B. tabaci adults infested cantaloupes compared to cotton with egg and small nymph densities more than 10-fold greater on 9 of 12 sampling dates in 1998. The difference between trap crop-protected cotton and unprotected cotton was relatively small, although lower densities consistently occurred in protected cotton through the season. An improved field design in 1999 that provided greater separation between protected and unprotected cotton and completely surrounded the protected cotton with the trap crop yielded larger differences in B. tabaci densities that favored the protected cotton. Although densities in the protected cotton were reduced relative to unprotected cotton, the managed trap crop was unable to prevent economic thresholds from being exceeded in the protected cotton. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 6 BP 574 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.08.013 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 045SJ UT WOS:000237762200009 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW AF Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Engineering yeasts for xylose metabolism SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HETEROLOGOUS XYLANASE PRODUCTION; PICHIA-STIPITIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; L-ARABINOSE; FERMENTATION; EXPRESSION; STRAIN AB Technologies for the production of alternative fuels are receiving increased attention owing to concerns over the rising cost of petrol and global warming. One such technology under development is the use of yeasts for the commercial fermentation of xylose to ethanol. Several approaches have been employed to engineer xylose metabolism. These involve modeling, flux analysis, and expression analysis followed by the targeted deletion or altered expression of key genes. Expression analysis is increasingly being used to target rate-limiting steps. Quantitative metabolic models have also proved extremely useful: they can be calculated from stoichiometric balances or inferred from the labeling of intermediate metabolites. The recent determination of the genome sequence for P. stipitis is important, as its genome characteristics and regulatory patterns could serve as guides for further development in this natural xylose-fermenting yeast or in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lastly, strain selection through mutagenesis, adaptive evolution or from nature can also be employed to further improve activity. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM067933-03] NR 49 TC 222 Z9 240 U1 5 U2 57 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.008 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 061BN UT WOS:000238846300016 PM 16713243 ER PT J AU Farrell, HM Malin, EL Brown, EM Qi, PX AF Farrell, H. M., Jr. Malin, E. L. Brown, E. M. Qi, P. X. TI Casein micelle structure: What can be learned from milk synthesis and structural biology? SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; GOLGI-APPARATUS; BETA-CASEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; KAPPA-CASEINS; BOVINE CASEIN; SUB-MICELLES; X-RAY AB At the heart of the skim milk system are the colloidal casein-calcium-transport complexes termed the casein micelles. The application of physical chemical techniques such as light, neutron, and X-ray scattering and electron microscopy has yielded a wealth of experimental detail concerning the structure of the casein micelle. From these experimental data bases have arisen two conflicting models for the internal structure of the casein micelle. One model emphasizes protein submicellar structures as the dominant feature, while the other proposes that inorganic calcium phosphate nanoclusters serve this function. These models are critically examined in light of our current information regarding the biological processes of protein secretion. In addition two primary tenets of structural biology are applied: that protein structure gives rise to function and that competent protein-protein interactions (associations) will lead to efficient transit through the mammary secretory apparatus. However, a set of complex equilibria governs this process which may be completed only after the final step in the processes: milking. In this light an overwhelming argument can be made for the formation of proteinacious complexes (submicelles) as the formative agents in the synthesis of casein micelles in mammary tissue. Whether these submicelles persist in the milk has been questioned. However, perturbations in micellar equilibria allow for the reemergence of submicellar particles in dairy products such as cheese. Thus protein-protein interactions appear to be important in milk and dairy products from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cheese cutting board. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Farrell, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM hfarrell@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2005.11.005 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 064IQ UT WOS:000239082800006 ER PT J AU Ogay, ID Lihoradova, OA Azimova, SS Abdukarimov, AA Slack, JM Lynn, DE AF Ogay, I. D. Lihoradova, O. A. Azimova, Sh. S. Abdukarimov, A. A. Slack, J. M. Lynn, D. E. TI Transfection of insect cell lines using polyethylenimine SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in vitro; insect cell lines; Spodoptera frugiperda; transfection; polyethylenimine (PEI); plasmid DNA; EGFP ID BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE DELIVERY; ELECTROPORATION; DNA; EXPRESSION; EFFICIENT; CULTURE; GENOMES; MOUSE AB Insect cell lines have been widely used in recombinant baculovirus expression systems and transient gene expression studies. Critical to these applications have been the transfection of foreign DNA. This has been frequently done using labor intensive and cytotoxic liposome-based transfection reagents. In the current study we have optimized a new kind of polyethylenimine-based DNA transfection reagent on the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cell line. A plasmid vector that transiently expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) was effectively delivered into Sf9 cells. A transfection efficiency of 54% and cell viability of 85-90% were obtained for Sf9 cells. The developed transfection protocol has now been successfully used to transfect eight insect cell lines derived from Bombyx mori, Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens and S. frugiperda with GFP and GUS with transfection efficiencies of at least 45%. This method provides high heterologous protein expression levels, transfection efficacy and cell viability, and could be used for transient gene expression in other lepidopteran cell lines. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Barc W, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Plant Exptl Biol, Yuqori Yuz 702151, Qibray District, Uzbekistan. Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Chem Plant Sci, Tashkent 700170, Uzbekistan. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Barc W, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10616-006-9022-7 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 106UL UT WOS:000242127100006 PM 19002899 ER PT J AU Corella, D Qi, L Tai, ES Deurenberg-Yap, M Tan, CE Chew, SK Ordovas, JM AF Corella, D Qi, L Tai, ES Deurenberg-Yap, M Tan, CE Chew, SK Ordovas, JM TI Perilipin gene variation determines higher susceptibility to insulin resistance in Asian women when consuming a high-saturated fat, low-carbohydrate diet SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLYCEMIC INDEX; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OBESITY RISK; WEIGHT-LOSS; FIBER; GLUCOSE; POLYMORPHISM AB OBJECTIVE - To investigate the association between genetic variation in the adipocyte protein perilipin (PLIN) and insulin resistance in an Asian population as well as to examine their modulation by macronutrient intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A nationally representative sample (Chinese, Malays, and Indians) was selected in the Singapore National Health Survey following the World Health Organization-recommended model for field surveys of diabetes. A total of 1,909 men and 2,198 women (aged 18-69 years) were studied. Genetic (PLIN 11482G -> A and 14995A -> T), lifestyle, clinical, and biochemical data were obtained. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Diet was measured by a validated food frequency questionnaire in one of every two subjects. RESULTS - We did not find a significant between-genotype difference in insulin resistance measures. However, in women we found statistically significant gene-diet interactions (recessive model) between PLIN 11482G -> A/14995A -> T polymorphisms (in high linkage disequilibrium) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs; P = 0.003/0.005) and carbohydrate (P = 0.004/0.012) in determining HOMA-IR. These interactions were in opposite directions and were more significant for 11482G -> A, considered the tag polymorphism. Thus, women in the highest SFA tertile (11.8-19%) had higher HOMA-IR (48% increase; P trend = 0.006) than women in the lowest (3.1-9.4%) only if they were homozygotes for the PLIN minor allele. Conversely, HOMA-IR decreased (-24%; P trend = 0.046) as carbohydrate intake increased. These effects were stronger when SFAs and carbohydrate were combined as an SFA-to-carbohydrate ratio. Moreover, this gene-diet interaction was homogeneously found across the three ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS - PLIN 11482G -> A/14995A -> T polymorphisms modulate the association between SFAs/carbohydrate in diet and insulin resistance in Asian women. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Hlth Promot Board, Res & Informat Management Div, Singapore, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Singapore, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1319 DI 10.2337/dc06-0045 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YG UT WOS:000238053200020 PM 16732014 ER PT J AU Sigal, RJ Kenny, GP Wasserman, DH Castaneda-Sceppa, C White, RD AF Sigal, RJ Kenny, GP Wasserman, DH Castaneda-Sceppa, C White, RD TI Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes - A consensus statement from the American diabetes association SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVES; SILENT-MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; WEIGHT-LOSS; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE C1 Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Sch Human Kinet, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Community & Family Med, Truman Med Ctr Lakehead, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. RP Sigal, RJ (reprint author), Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. EM rsigal@ohri.ca NR 70 TC 399 Z9 411 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1438 DI 10.2337/dc06-9910 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 049YG UT WOS:000238053200046 PM 16732040 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON AF Johnson, DM Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON TI Geographical variation in the periodicity of gypsy moth outbreaks SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FOREST STAND SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION-CYCLES; LYMANTRIIDAE DEFOLIATION; CLETHRIONOMYS RUFOCANUS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; INSECT OUTBREAKS; NORTH-AMERICA; RED GROUSE; LEPIDOPTERA AB The existence of periodic oscillations in populations of forest Lepidoptera is well known. While information exists on how the periods of oscillations vary among different species, there is little prior evidence of variation in periodicity within the range of a single Lepidopteran species. The exotic gypsy moth is an introduced foliage-feeding insect in North America. Its populations are characterized by high amplitude oscillations between innocuously low densities and outbreak levels during which large regions of forests are defoliated. These outbreaks are recognized to arise periodically with considerable synchrony across much of the gypsy moth's North American range. Our analysis indicates that gypsy moth outbreaks in North America are periodic but they exhibit two dominant periodicities: a primary period of 8-10 yr (as previously reported) and a secondary period of 4-5 yr (a new finding in this study). The outbreak periodicity varied geographically and this variation was associated with forest type. We found that in the most susceptible forest types, those on xeric sites where oak is often mixed with pines, outbreak periodicity had a more dominant 5-yr period while in forest types characteristic of more mesic sites where oak was mixed with maples and other species, cycles were clearly operating on a 10-yr period. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM derekjohnson@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 56 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 051ER UT WOS:000238144400010 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Truex, RL Dunk, JR Gaman, T AF Zielinski, William J. Truex, Richard L. Dunk, Jeffrey R. Gaman, Tom TI Using forest inventory data to assess fisher resting habitat suitability in California SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California; FIA; fisher; forest inventory; habitat suitability; Martes pennanti; modeling; monitoring ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MARTES-PENNANTI; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; AVAILABILITY; REGRESSION; AGREEMENT; REGION; WINTER AB The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest-dwelling carnivore whose current distribution and association with late-seral forest conditions make it vulnerable to stand-altering human activities or natural disturbances. Fishers select a variety of structures for daily resting bouts. These habitat elements, together with foraging and reproductive (denning) habitat, constitute the habitat requirements of fishers. We develop a model capable of predicting the suitability of fisher resting habitat using standard forest vegetation inventory data. The inventory data were derived from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), a nationwide probability-based sample used to estimate forest characteristics. We developed the model by comparing vegetation and topographic data at 75 randomly selected fisher resting structures in the southern Sierra Nevada with 232 forest inventory plots. We collected vegetation data at fisher resting locations using the FIA vegetation sampling protocol and centering the 1-ha FIA plot on the resting structure. To distinguish used and available inventory plots, we used nonparametric logistic regression to evaluate a set of a priori biological models. The top model represented a dominant portion of the Akaike weights (0.87), explained 31.5% of the deviance, and included the following variables: average canopy closure, basal area of trees < 51 cm diameter breast height (dbh), average hardwood dbh, maximum tree dbh, percentage slope,and the dbh of the largest conifer snag. Our use of routinely collected forest inventory data allows the assessment and monitoring of change in fisher resting habitat suitability over large regions with no additional sampling effort. Although models were constrained to include only variables available from the list of those measured using the FIA protocol, we did not find this to be a shortcoming. The model makes it possible to compare average resting habitat suitability values before and after forest management treatments, among administrative units, across regions and over time. Considering hundreds of plot estimates as a sample of habitat conditions over large spatial scales can bring a broad perspective, at high resolution,. and efficiency to the assessment and monitoring of wildlife habitat. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EW Forestry Assoc Inc, Inverness, CA 94937 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1025 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1010:UFIDTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055LF UT WOS:000238451500016 PM 16826999 ER PT J AU Farnsworth, ML Hoeting, JA Hobbs, NT Miller, MW AF Farnsworth, ML Hoeting, JA Hobbs, NT Miller, MW TI Linking chronic wasting disease to mule deer movement scales: A hierarchical Bayesian approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; chronic wasting disease; disease ecology; hierarchical models; intrinsic Gaussian conditional autoregressive (ICAR) model; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; prion disease; spatial models; spatial scale ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PRION TRANSMISSION; INFERRING PROCESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; PREVALENCE; RESTORATION; REGRESSION AB Observed spatial patterns in natural systems may result from processes acting across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Although spatially explicit data on processes that generate ecological patterns, such as the distribution of disease over a landscape, are frequently unavailable, information about the scales over which processes operate can be used to understand the link between pattern and process. Our goal was to identify scales of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) movement and mixing that exerted the greatest influence on the spatial pattern of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in northcentral Colorado, USA. We hypothesized that three scales of mixing (individual, winter subpopulation, or summer subpopulation) might control spatial variation in disease prevalence. We developed a fully Bayesian hierarchical model to compare the strength of evidence for each mixing scale. We found strong evidence that the finest mixing scale corresponded best to the spatial distribution of CWD infection. There was also evidence that land ownership and habitat use play a role in exacerbating the disease, along with the known effects of sex and age. Our analysis demonstrates how information on the scales of spatial processes that generate observed patterns can be used to gain insight when process data are sparse or unavailable. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Farnsworth, ML (reprint author), USDA, APHISWS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM matt.farnswort@aphis.usda.gov RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DEB-0091961] NR 46 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1026 EP 1036 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1026:LCWDTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055LF UT WOS:000238451500017 PM 16827000 ER PT J AU Zurlini, G Riitters, K Zaccarelli, N Petrosillo, I Jones, KB Rossi, L AF Zurlini, G. Riitters, K. Zaccarelli, N. Petrosillo, I. Jones, K. B. Rossi L. TI Disturbance patterns in a socio-ecological system at multiple scales SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE disturbance pattern at multiple scales; socio-ecological systems (SES); retrospective resilience ID LANDSCAPE; RESILIENCE; FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; INDEXES; FOREST AB Ecological systems with hierarchical organization and non-equilibrium dynamics require multiple-scale analyses to comprehend how a system is structured and to formulate hypotheses about regulatory mechanisms. Characteristic scales in real landscapes are determined by, or at least reflect, the spatial patterns and scales of constraining human interactions with the biophysical environment. If the patterns or scales of human actions change, then the constraints change, and the structure and dynamics of the entire socioecological system (SES) can change accordingly. Understanding biodiversity in a SES requires understanding how the actions of humans as a keystone species shape the environment across a range of scales. We address this problem by investigating the spatial patterns of human disturbances at multiple scales in a SES in southern Italy. We describe an operational framework to identify multi-scale profiles of short-term anthropogenic disturbances using a moving window algorithm to measure the amount and configuration of disturbance as detected by satellite imagery. Prevailing land uses were found to contribute in different ways to the disturbance gradient at multiple scales, as land uses resulted from other types of biophysical and social controls shaping the region. The resulting profiles were then interpreted with respect to defining critical support regions and scale-dependent models for the assessment and management of disturbances, and for indicating system fragility and resilience of socio-ecological systems in the region. The results suggest support regions and scale intervals where past disturbance has been most likely and clumped - i.e. where fragility is highest and resilience is lowest. We discuss the potential for planning and managing landscape disturbances with a predictable effect on ecological processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Rome, Italy. RP Zurlini, G (reprint author), Univ Lecce, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, Ecotekne Campus Strada Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM giovanni.zurlini@unile.it RI Zaccarelli, Nicola/B-9159-2008; Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Zaccarelli, Nicola/0000-0002-3146-0910; Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; ROSSI, LORETO/0000-0001-8014-5397; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.11.002 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 060LQ UT WOS:000238804100004 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Expanding the role of systems modeling: Considering byproduct generation from biofuel production SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE bioethanol; biofuels; byproducts; carbon dioxide emissions; distillers grains; dynamic systems modeling; policy analysis; residue generation ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CORN; ETHANOL; SOLUBLES; WHEAT; FIBER; DDG AB The bioethanol industry has been experiencing rapid growth over the past several years, and is expected to continue to increase production for the foreseeable future. A vital component to the success of this industry is the sales and marketing of processing residues, which are primarily sold as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Systems modeling, a technique that has been used to predict future demand for bioethanol, can also be used to determine potential byproduct generation rates. This paper discusses the development of one such model, and presents predicted generation of DDGS as well as carbon dioxide emissions from this industry through 2100. These simulation results underscore the growing need to actively pursue research focused on value-added alternatives for the use of bioethanol byproduct streams. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 AR resp2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064WR UT WOS:000239121300035 ER PT J AU Grove, JM Troy, AR O'Neil-Dunne, JPM Burch, WR Cadenasso, ML Pickett, STA AF Grove, JM Troy, AR O'Neil-Dunne, JPM Burch, WR Cadenasso, ML Pickett, STA TI Characterization of households and its implications for the vegetation of urban ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE urban ecology; population; household; social stratification; lifestyle behavior; vegetation; Baltimore; long term ecological research (LTER) ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MODEL SELECTION; NEIGHBORHOODS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; CITY AB Our understanding of the dynamics of urban ecosystems can be enhanced by examining the multidimensional social characteristics of households. To this end, we investigated the relative significance of three social theories of household structure-population, lifestyle behavior, and social stratification-to the distribution of vegetation cover in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Our ability to assess the relative significance of these theories depended on fine-scale social and biophysical data. We distinguished among vegetation in three areas hypothesized to be differentially linked to these social theories: riparian areas, private lands, and public rights-of-way (PROWs). Using a multimodel inferential approach, we found that variation of vegetation cover in riparian areas was not explained by any of the three theories and that lifestyle behavior was the best predictor of vegetation cover on private lands. Surprisingly, lifestyle behavior was also the best predictor of vegetation cover in PROWs. The inclusion of a quadratic term for housing age significantly improved the models. Based on these research results, we question the exclusive use of income and education as the standard variables to explain variations in vegetation cover in urban ecological systems. We further suggest that the management of urban vegetation can be improved by developing environmental marketing strategies that address the underlying household motivations for and participation in local land management. C1 Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Grove, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM mgrove@fs.fed.us NR 80 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 15 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 578 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0116-z PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053GD UT WOS:000238292700007 ER PT J AU Schutz, M Risch, AC Achermann, G Thiel-Egenter, C Page-Dumroese, DS Jurgensen, MF Edwards, PJ AF Schutz, M Risch, AC Achermann, G Thiel-Egenter, C Page-Dumroese, DS Jurgensen, MF Edwards, PJ TI Phosphorus translocation by red deer on a subalpine grassland in the Central European Alps SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; elimination pattern; grazing pattern; phosphorus removal; input; succession; Swiss National Park ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS-L; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HEATHER MOORLAND; NATIONAL-PARK; SNOW GEESE; VEGETATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; FORESTS; L. AB We examined the role of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in translocating phosphorus (P) from their preferred grazing sites (short-grass vegetation on subalpine grasslands) to their wider home range in a subalpine grassland ecosystem in the Central European Alps. Phosphorus was used because it is the limiting nutrient in these grasslands. When we compared P removal of aboveground biomass due to grazing with P input due to the deposit of feces on a grid of 268 cells (20 m x 20 m) covering the entire grassland, we detected distinct spatial patterns: the proportion of heavily grazed short-grass vegetation increased with increasing soil-P pool, suggesting that red deer preferably grazed on grid cells with a higher soil-P pool. Biomass consumption related to increased proportion of short-grass vegetation, and therefore P removal, increased with increasing soil-P pool. However, within the two vegetation types (short-grass and tall-grass), consumption was independent from soil-P pool. In addition, P input rates from defecation increased with increasing soil-P pool, resulting in a constant mean net P loss of 0.083 kg ha(-1) y(-1) (0.03%-0.07% of soil-P pool) independent of both soil-P pool and vegetation type. Thus, there was no P translocation between grid cells with different soil-P pools or between short-grass and tall-grass vegetation. Based on these results, it is likely that the net rate of P loss is too small to explain the observed changes in vegetation composition from tall-herb/meadow communities to short-grass and from tall-grass to short-grass on the grassland since 1917. Instead, we suggest that the grazing patterns of red deer directly induced succession from tall-herb/meadow communities to short-grass vegetation. Yet, it is also possible that long-term net soil-P losses indirectly drive plant succession from short-grass to tall-grass vegetation, because nutrient depletion could reduce grazing pressure in short-grass vegetation and enable the characteristic tall-grass species Carex sempervirens Vill. to establish. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Biol Res Labs, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Systemat Bot, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Geobot Inst, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Schutz, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM martin.schuetz@wsl.ch RI Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012 OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0091-4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053GD UT WOS:000238292700010 ER PT J AU Keller, CK O'Brien, R Havig, JR Smith, JL Bormann, BT Wang, D AF Keller, CK O'Brien, R Havig, JR Smith, JL Bormann, BT Wang, D TI Tree harvest in an experimental sand ecosystem: Plant effects on nutrient dynamics and solute generation SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biocycling; nutrient cycling; ecosystem disturbance; ecosystem regulation; mesocosm; calcium; potassium ID HUBBARD-BROOK; FOREST; BUDGETS; SUCCESSION; SOILS AB The hydrochemical signatures of forested ecosystems are known to be determined by a time-variant combination of physical-hydrologic, geochemical, and biologic processes. We studied subsurface potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and nitrate (NO3) in an experimental red -pine mesocosm to determine how trees affect the behavior of these nutrients in soil water, both during growth and after a harvest disturbance. Solution chemistry was monitored for 2 years at the end of a 15-year period of tree growth, and then for 3 more years after harvest and removal of aboveground biomass. Concentrations were characterized by three distinct temporal patterns that we ascribe to changes in solute generation mechanisms. Prior to harvest, K soil-water concentrations were relatively uniform with depth, whereas Ca soil-water concentrations doubled with depth. Nitrate concentrations were below detection in soil water and discharge (drainage) water. Plant uptake and water/nutrient cycling exerted strong control during this interval. During the 1st year after harvest, K concentrations tripled in shallow soil water, relative to preharvest levels, and showed a strong seasonal peak in discharge that mimicked soil temperature. Summer soil temperatures and annual water flux also increased. Decomposition of labile litter, with complete nitrogen (N) immobilization, characterized this interval. In the third interval (years 2 and 3 after harvest), decomposition shifted from N to carbon (C) limitation, and Ca and NO3 concentrations in discharge spiked to nearly 200 and 400 mu M, respectively. Relatively stable ionic strength and carbonate chemistry in discharge, throughout the study period, indicate that carbonic-acid weathering was sustained by belowground decomposition long after the harvest. This stable chemical weathering regime, along with the persistence of N limitation for a long period after disturbance, may be characteristic of early-phase primary-successional systems. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Allegheny Coll, Dept Geol, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Keller, CK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ckkeller@wsu.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1007/s10021-006-0162-6 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 053GD UT WOS:000238292700011 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR Funderburk, JE Waring, SM AF Reitz, SR Funderburk, JE Waring, SM TI Differential predation by the generalist predator Orius insidiosus on congeneric species of thrips that vary in size and behavior SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE apparent competition; predator-prey interactions; Thysanoptera; Thripidae; Heteroptera; Anthocoridae; biological control; activity budget ID SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; PREY INTERACTIONS; THYSANOPTERA; ANTHOCORIDAE; SELECTION; HETEROPTERA; VULNERABILITY; PREFERENCE; HEMIPTERA AB We investigated interactions between the generalist predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and two species of thrips prey, Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and interspecific differences in morphology and behavior between these prey species that could contribute to differences in predation by O. insidiosus. Frankliniella occidentalis is significantly larger than F. bispinosa. Frankliniella bispinosa has greater mobility compared with F. occidentalis. When O. insidiosus was offered either F. bispinosa or F. occidentalis as prey in single species trials, there were no significant differences in the number of prey captured. However, O. insidiosus had significantly more encounters with F. bispinosa than with F. occidentalis. In arenas with equal numbers of both species, O. insidiosus encountered and captured F. occidentalis more than F. bispinosa. In large arenas with two pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), O. insidiosus preyed on more F. occidentalis than on F. bispinosa. These results indicate that O. insidiosus can prey on both thrips species, but that it preferentially captures F. occidentalis. The greater locomotion and movement of F. bispinosa, perhaps combined with its smaller size, allow it to evade predation by O. insidiosus better than F. occidentalis. Consequently, the observed preference of O. insidiosus for F. occidentalis is not exclusively a function of active selection by the predator but also could arise from inherent differences among prey. We propose this differential predation as a mechanism contributing to observed differences in the temporal dynamics of these species in pepper fields. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM sreitz@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 3 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00408.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 043MB UT WOS:000237604100001 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, J Borgemeister, C Setamou, M AF Jaramillo, J Borgemeister, C Setamou, M TI Field superparasitism by Phymastichus coffea, a parasitoid of adult coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE coffee; Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae; biological control; dry matter content; plant effects ID EGG LOAD; HOST-DISCRIMINATION; INSECT PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA; PLANT; EULOPHIDAE; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PATCH AB Superparasitism by Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of adults of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), was recorded under field conditions in a coffee plantation in Colombia. Parasitoid adults were released 1, 5, and 9 days after artificial infestations of 90-, 150-, and 210-day-old coffee berries with H. hampei females. The position of the beetle inside the berry and the number of P. coffea larvae per female host were assessed 10 days after each parasitoid release. Under laboratory conditions, P. coffea usually lays two eggs per host, one female and one male. In our studies, we often recorded more than six P. coffea larvae in an individual host and mean numbers of larvae per host ranged from two to 4.45. Superparasitism by P. coffea under field conditions was influenced by the age of the coffee berries, which is the most important factor determining the speed of penetration by H. hampei, and therefore the time the beetles are exposed to a P. coffea attack. The number of parasitoid larvae in each H. hampei female gradually decreased with the age of the berry, and also linearly decreased with the time of parasitoid release. Age-dependent effects of coffee berries that alter the ratio of available hosts to searching parasitoids by providing refuges to the herbivore, largely determine the extent of superparasitism of H. hampei by P. coffea under fields conditions in Colombia. C1 ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Nacl Invest Cafe, CENICAFE, Manizales, Colombia. Univ Hannover, Inst Plant Dis & Plant Protect, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Borgemeister, C (reprint author), ICIPE, POB 30772-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. EM dg@icipe.org NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 119 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00413.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 043MB UT WOS:000237604100007 ER PT J AU Li, JC Yan, FM Coudron, TA Pan, WL Zhang, XF Liu, XX Zhang, QW AF Li, JC Yan, FM Coudron, TA Pan, WL Zhang, XF Liu, XX Zhang, QW TI Field release of the parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) for control of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in cotton fields in Northwestern China's Xinjiang Province SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microplitis mediator; Helicoverpa armigera; mass rearing; field release; biological control ID CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS; CROCEIPES; DENSITY AB Field experiments and surveys were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the efficacy of using the parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) to control populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in cotton fields in Northwestern China's Xinjiang Province. The population levels of the second generation of H. armigera in southern Xinjiang in 2003 and 2004 were approximate to 20-60% above the economic threshold of this pest. The longevity of field-released female and male parasitoids was 7.6 +/- 0.4 and 3.9 +/- 0.4 d, respectively. Field tests showed that the number of parasitized H. armigera increased with an increasing number of M. mediator cocoons released in the field. The release of 2,250 or 15,000 laboratory-reared M. mediator cocoons per hectare in cotton fields resulted in 38-61% parasitism of H. armigera in 2003 and 35-66% parasitism in 2004. The efficiency of the parasitoids varied considerably with different numbers of parasitoid cocoons and with the frequency and sites of release. However, the highest damage reduction in these studies was obtained with a single release of cocoons and the highest number of release sites. Large-area releases of M. mediator in cotton fields of Shufu, Shule, and Shache counties resulted in > 60% parasitism and an 80% decrease in cotton boll and bud damage compared with the control fields. The above results indicated that field release of M. mediator could be used effectively in managing H. armigera in cotton in Xinjiang. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Hebei 071000, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Yan, FM (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM fmyan@pku.edu.cn; zhangqingwen@263.com NR 18 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 694 EP 699 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 052MR UT WOS:000238238300016 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, PG TI Sorghum as a trap crop for Nezara viridula L. (Heteroptera : pentatomidae) in cotton in the southern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE southern green stink bug; Trichopoda pennipes; trap crop; preference; dispersal ID GREEN STINK BUG; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HEMIPTERA; PESTS; PARASITOIDS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; CAROLINA; FLORIDA; DAMAGE AB The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L., may disperse from alternate host plants, especially corn, Zea mays L., and peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., into cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Trap crops may be useful to intercept dispersing stink bugs. Therefore, the ability of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, to trap N. viridula adults in cotton was studied for 3 yr. The 2002 experiment was designed to compare the ability of small plots of sorghum and cotton to trap N. viridula along the interface, or common boundary, of a corn and cotton field. In the 2003 experiment, cotton fields with sorghum and cotton plots planted along the interface of a corn-cotton farmscape were compared with cotton fields without these interface plots. in both experiments, N, viridula adults strongly preferred sorghum to cotton, and marking studies revealed that most N. viridula adults that dispersed into sorghum remained in sorghum instead of moving into cotton. Overall, percent parasitism of N. viridula adults by T pennipes was higher in sorghum trap crop plots than in interface cotton control plots. In 2003, density of N. viridula adults was lower in cotton fields adjoining sorghum trap crop plots than in control cotton fields. Furthermore, economic threshold for N. viridula was not reached along the interface of the corn-cotton farmscape in any cotton field with sorghum plots. In contrast, economic threshold was reached in 61.5% of the control cotton fields. In the third season, a full-scale field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of sorghum, planted in a strip along the length of the interface of a peanut-cotton farmscape, as a trap crop in cotton. Before the test, each cotton field was partitioned into eight side-edge and three interior block locations. Each field bad four sides with side A occurring along the interface of the field. Edge 1 was 0-3.66 m from the outside edge of the field, and edge 2 was 3.66-7.31 m from the outside edge of the field. In control cotton fields, density of N. viridula adults was much higher in the interface side in edge one than in any other side-edge location, strongly indicating that N. viridula adults dispersed from peanuts into these cotton fields. Control cotton fields had higher numbers of N. viridula adults in the interface side in edge one compared with cotton fields with sorghum trap crops. Overall, in 2004, control cotton fields were treated with insecticides for control of N. viridula 1.4 times, whereas cotton fields with sorghum trap crops were treated for control of this stink bug only 0.2 times. These results show that sorghum can serve as a trap crop for N. viridula adults in cotton fields. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 771 EP 783 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 052MR UT WOS:000238238300026 ER PT J AU Nathan, SS Kalaivani, K Mankin, RW Murugan, K AF Nathan, SS Kalaivani, K Mankin, RW Murugan, K TI Effects of millet, wheat, rice, and sorghum diets on development of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera : Galleriidae) and its suitability as a host for Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutritional ecology; plant-herbivore-parasitoid interaction; biological control ID SPECIES HYMENOPTERA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; TORTRICIDAE; INSECTS; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY AB Emergence and survival of adults for 24 h was compared for Trichogramma chilonis Ishii reared on eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) adults whose larval growth and development had been monitored on broken grains of four different cereals: finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn), soft white wheat (Triticum aestivum Q, short-grained white rice (Oryza sativa L.), and durra sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). For C. cephalonica, the percentage adult emergence and several fifth-instar food use indices (consumption index, relative growth rate, and efficiencies of conversion of ingested and digested food) were significantly higher for millet-reared than for sorghum-reared larvae. The nutritional indices for wheat- and rice-reared C. cephalonica larvae were intermediate between the indices for larvae reared on millet and sorghum. The percentage adult emergence and percentage 24-h survival of T chilonis were significantly higher on eggs of C. cephalonica hosts reared on millet than on eggs of those reared on sorghum. These results suggest that the rearing of C. cephalonica larvae on a high-quality nutritional source resulted in high-quality eggs, which ultimately resulted in high-quality T chilonis reared on those eggs. Such an effect has been modeled in ecological theory as a "bottom up cascade." Improved knowledge of the nutritional ecology of parasitoids and hosts can lead to improved understanding of the ecological mechanisms affecting host plant, host, and parasitoid abundance, as well as to improved efficiency and quality of Trichogramma production in mass rearing programs. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Bharathiar Univ, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. NICS, Honam Agr Res Inst, Rural Dev Adm, Iksan 570080, Chonbuk, South Korea. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rmankin@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 35 IS 3 BP 784 EP 788 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 052MR UT WOS:000238238300027 ER PT J AU Gillette, DA Herrick, JE Herbert, GA AF Gillette, DA Herrick, JE Herbert, GA TI Wind characteristics of mesquite streets in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan desert; desert winds; desert vegetation; dunes; dust emissions; flow around and above roughness elements; friction velocity; sand transport; vegetation ID AIR-FLOW; FIELD MEASUREMENT; STOSS SLOPE; OWENS LAKE; VEGETATION; EROSION; TRANSPORT; THRESHOLD; DRAG; FLUX AB Past research has shown that the most important areas for active sand movement in the northern part of the Chihuahuan Desert are mesquite-dominated desert ecosystems possessing sandy soil texture. The most active sand movement in the mesquite-dominated ecosystems has been shown to take place on elongated bare soil patches referred to as "streets". Aerodynamic properties of mesquite streets eroded by wind should be included in explaining how mesquite streets are more emissive sand sources than surrounding desert land. To understand the effects of wind properties, we measured them at two flat mesquite sites having highly similar soil textures but very different configurations of mesquite. The differences in wind properties at the two sites were caused by differences of size, orientation, and porosity of the mesquite, along with the presence of mesquite coppice dunes (sand dunes stabilized by mesquites growing in the dune and on its surface) found only at one of the two sites. Wind direction, u(*) (friction velocity), z(0) (aerodynamic roughness height) and D (zero plane displacement height) were estimated for 15-m tower and 3-m mast data. These aerodynamic data allowed us to distinguish five categories with differing potentials for sediment transport. Sediment transport for the five categories varied from unrestricted, free transport to virtually no transport caused by vegetation protection from wind forces. In addition, "steering" of winds below the level of the tops of mesquite bushes and coppice dunes allowed longer parallel wind durations and increased wind erosion for streets that aligned roughly SW-NE. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Air surface Proc Modeling Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA, Jornada Expt Stn, Las Cruces, NM USA. GA Herbert Associates, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Gillette, DA (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Air surface Proc Modeling Branch, MD-81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gillette.dale@epa.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 241 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s10652-005-6022-7 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 042YM UT WOS:000237566500003 ER PT J AU Nikolov, N Zeller, K AF Nikolov, N Zeller, K TI Efficient retrieval of vegetation leaf area index and canopy clumping factor from satellite data to support pollutant deposition assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; canopy density; clumping factor; LAI data set; seasonal LAI; vegetation remote sensing; reflectance model; retrieval algorithm; land surface property; vegetation patchiness ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; INCLINATION ANGLE DISTRIBUTION; MODIS-LAI PRODUCT; REFLECTANCE MODEL; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; SOLAR-RADIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL FORESTS; ABSORBED PAR AB Canopy leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural parameter of the vegetation controlling pollutant uptake by terrestrial ecosystems. This paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm for retrieval of vegetation LAI and canopy clumping factor from satellite data using observed Simple Ratios (SR) of near-infrared to red reflectance. The method employs numerical inversion of a physics-based analytical canopy radiative transfer model that simulates the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The algorithm is independent of ecosystem type. The method is applied to 1-km resolution AVHRR satellite images to retrieve a geo-referenced data set of monthly LAI values for the conterminous USA. Satellite-based LAI estimates are compared against independent ground LAI measurements over a range of ecosystem types. Verification results suggest that the new algorithm represents a viable approach to LAI retrieval at continental scale, and can facilitate spatially explicit studies of regional pollutant deposition and trace gas exchange. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, FS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nikolov, N (reprint author), Nat Resource Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Room 368, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM nnikolov@fs.fed.us; kzeller@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 141 IS 3 BP 539 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.059 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 040AJ UT WOS:000237350200019 PM 16343718 ER PT J AU Lu, P Shannon, JG Sleper, DA Nguyen, HT Cianzio, SR Arelli, R AF Lu, P. Shannon, J. G. Sleper, D. A. Nguyen, H. T. Cianzio, S. R. Arelli, R. TI Genetics of cyst nematode resistance in soybean PIs 467312 and 507354 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic analysis; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; soybean breeding ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; DNA MARKERS; RACES 1; POPULATIONS; PI438489B; PEKING; SCHEME AB Soybean Cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is the most serious pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the world and genetic resistance in soybean cultivars have been the most effective means of control. Nematode populations, however, are variable and have adapted to reproduce on resistant cultivars over time due mainly to the narrow genetic base of SCN resistance in G. max. The majority of the resistant cultivars trace to two soybean accessions. It is hoped that new sources of resistance might provide durable resistance. Soybean plant introductions PI 467312 and PI 507354, are unique because they provide resistance to several nematode populations, i.e. SCN HG types 0, 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (corresponding to races 3, 5, and 14) and HG types 2.5.7, 0, and 2.7 (corresponding to races 1, 3, and 5), respectively. The genetic basis of SCN resistance in these PIs is not yet known. We have investigated the inheritance of resistance to SCN HG types 0, 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (races 3, 5, and14) in PI467312 and the SCN resistance to SCN HG types 2.5.7 and 2.7 (races 1 and 5) in PI 507354. PI 467312 was crossed to 'Marcus', a susceptible cultivar to generate F-1 hybrids, 196 random F-2 individuals, and 196 F-2:3 families (designated as Pop 467). PI 507354 and the cultivar Hutcheson, susceptible to all known SCN races, were crossed to generate F-1 hybrids, 225 random F-2 individuals and 225 F-2:3 families (designated as Pop 507). The F-2:3 families from each cross were evaluated for responses to the specific SCN HG types in the greenhouse. Chi-square (chi(2)) analyses showed resistance from PI 467312 to HG types 2.7, and 1.3.6.7 (races 5 and 14) in Pop 467 were conditioned by one dominant and two recessive genes (Rhg rhg rhg) and resistance to HG type 0 (race 3) was controlled by three recessive genes (rhg rhg rhg). The 225 F-2:3 progenies in Pop 507 showed a segregation of 2:223 (R:S) for response to both HG types 2.5.7 and 2.7 (corresponding to races 1 and 5). The Chi-square analysis showed SCN resistance from PI 507354 fit a one dominant and 3 recessive gene model (Rhg rhg rhg rhg). This information will be useful to soybean breeders who use these sources to develop SCN resistant cultivars. The complex inheritance patterns determined for the two PIs are similar to the three and four gene models for other SCN resistance sources known to date. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Sci, Delta Res Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson 38301, TN USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JUN PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9073-4 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 063MC UT WOS:000239021400001 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI Analysis of oxidized biodiesel by H-1-NMR and effect of contact area with air SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid value; biodiesel; fatty acid methyl esters; kinematic viscosity; nuclear magnetic resonance; oxidation ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; STORAGE STABILITY; METHYL-ESTERS; OIL; SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIOXIDANTS; RAPESEED; RANCIMAT; SOYATE AB Biodiesel is continuously gaining attention and significance as an alternative diesel fuel. An important issue facing biodiesel is fuel stability upon exposure to air due to its content of unsaturated fatty acids. Numerous factors influence the oxidative stability of biodiesel, and several methods for its assessment have been developed. In the present work, a defined amount of biodiesel (methyl soyate) was heated in open beakers, with the only difference being the size of the beaker, i.e. the surface area of the biodiesel exposed to air. Biodiesel oxidized in this fashion was analyzed by H-1-NMR, kinematic viscosity and acid value. Acid values and kinematic viscosity increased with time and surface area. A previously developed 1H-NMR procedure was used to evaluate the unsaturation and "residual" fatty acid composition. The amounts of saturated fatty acids determined by this method increased, with monounsaturated and diunsaturated species increasing and then decreasing with time. After "flash" (3 h, 165 degrees C) oxidation, NMR shows the greatest effect on saturates and compounds with two double bonds, the former increasing and the latter decreasing. The double bond originally located at Delta 15 in 18:3 is largely retained, showing that other double bond positions in 18:3 are initially affected by oxidation. The methyl ester signal decreases, coinciding with the increase in acid value. An increasingly strong absorption was observed in the UV-VIS spectra. Increasing surface area accelerated oxidation and affected fatty acid composition. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 108 IS 6 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200500345 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 056YS UT WOS:000238561600007 ER PT J AU Taparia, S Fleet, JC Peng, JB Wang, XD Wood, RJ AF Taparia, S Fleet, JC Peng, JB Wang, XD Wood, RJ TI 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-mediated regulation of TRPV6 (a putative epithelial calcium channel) mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CaT1; TRPV6; gene expression; vitamin D; intestine ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; D METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; D-3; D-3-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; ABSORPTION; PREVENTION; COLON; HORMONE AB TRPV6 is a member of the vanilloid subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins and likely functions as an epithelial calcium channel in calcium-transporting organs, such as the intestine, kidney, and placenta. TRPV6 mRNA expression is strongly regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25VD), the active hormonal form of vitamin D, in intestine and in Caco-2 cells, a human colon cancer cell line. The aim of the present study was to characterise the mode of regulation of the 1,25VD-mediated TRPV6 mRNA expression and to test the effect of the precursor of 1,25VD namely 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 VD) on TRPV6 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were treated in a 2 x 2 format with 1,25VD and the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (AD, 4 mu g/ml), and also with translational inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX, 10 mu g/ml) after 14 days in culture and TRPV6 mRNA levels were determined using reverse transcription-real time PCR.TRPV6 mRNA half life studies were performed by inhibiting transcription followed by sampling at various time points for TRPV6 mRNA. Varying concentrations of 25 VD were used to test their effect on TRPV6 mRNA in the presence of 5% FBS and also in the absence of serum (but containing insulin-transferrin-selenium mixture) for 24 h. Treatment with 10(-7) M 1,25VD for 8 h resulted in a 60-fold increase in TRPV6 mRNA and this increase could be completely blocked with AD. Treatment with CHX to inhibit de novo protein synthesis did not prevent the initiation of 1,25VD-induced TRPV6 expression, although it did reduce the extent of TRPV6 mRNA accumulation. We found that TRPV6 mRNA half-life was 8 h in Caco-2 cells and was not altered by 1,25VD treatment. Finally, we observed that treatment with 10(-7) M of the pro-hormone 25 VD for 24 h resulted in a significant increase in TRPV6 expression in Caco-2 cells, which is consistent with the presence of 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) expression in Caco-2 cells and a possible autocrine vitamin D signaling pathway in colon cells. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D regulates TRPV6 expression by a process that requires new mRNA and protein synthesis and the point of regulation lies likely at the transcriptional level especially since vitamin D did not increase the half life of TRPV6 mRNA. In addition, the prohormone form of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, i. e. the 25 hydroxyvitamin D, induced TRPV6 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. C1 Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Boston, MA USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM richard.wood@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK054111, R01 DK054111-10, R01DK64327] NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1436-6207 J9 EUR J NUTR JI Eur. J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s00394-005-0586-3 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 044JY UT WOS:000237669700002 PM 16362534 ER PT J AU Francis, M Lin, H Cabrera-La Rosa, J Doddapaneni, H Civerolo, EL AF Francis, M Lin, H Cabrera-La Rosa, J Doddapaneni, H Civerolo, EL TI Genome-based PCR primers for specific and sensitive detection and quantification of Xylella fastidiosa SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE almond leaf scorch; citrus variegated chlorosis; conventional PCR; oleander leaf scorch; Pierce's disease of grapes; tquantitative PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; PIERCES-DISEASE; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; REACTION PROTOCOL; PLANT; SEQUENCES; STRAINS; TISSUE; DNA AB Xylella fastidiosa is an important pathogen of many commercial crops. Detection of X. fastidiosa is difficult due to low concentrations of the bacteria in insects and asymptomatic plant tissue, and non-uniform distribution in infected plants. A dual purpose conventional PCR and quantitative PCR (TaqMan (TM)) system was developed for the generic detection of X. fastidiosa strains. Primers HL5 and HL6, designed to amplify a unique region common to the sequenced genomes of four Xylella strains, amplified a 221 bp fragment from strains associated with Pierce's disease of grapes, almond leaf scorch, and oleander leaf scorch disease and from DNA from an Xf strain associated with citrus variegated chlorosis. Standard curves were obtained using concentrations of Xylella ranging from 5 to 10(5) cells per reaction in water and grape extracts and 10-10(5)cells in insect DNA. Regression curves were similar, with correlation coefficients of r(2) > 0.97. In quantitative PCR, C-t values ranged between 20 and 36 cycles for 5-10(5) bacterial cells per reaction. No amplicons were obtained with several non-Xf bacterial strains tested including related plant pathogenic, grape endophytic bacteria and endosymbiotic bacteria isolated from glassy-winged sharpshooters. The method was evaluated for clinical diagnosis of Xf in grapes, almonds and insect vectors. The procedure described is reliable for detection of the pathogen with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. C1 USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Civerolo, EL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM eciverolo@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 115 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10658-006-9009-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 060BD UT WOS:000238775300008 ER PT J AU Lei, TW Zhang, QW Zhao, J Nearing, MA AF Lei, TW Zhang, QW Zhao, J Nearing, MA TI Tracing sediment dynamics and sources in eroding rills with rare earth elements SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; DETACHMENT; RATES; AGGREGATION; EVOLUTION; TRACERS; OXIDES; FLOW AB Eroding rills evolve morphologically in time and space. Most current studies on rill erosion use spatially averaged soil erosion data, providing little information on soil erosion dynamics. A method is proposed to use rare earth elements (REEs) to trace sediment distribution in eroding rills. Laboratory flume simulation experiments were conducted at three flow rates (2, 4 and 8 litres minute(-1)) and five slope gradients (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees) with three replicates of each treatment. The rills, of 8 m length, were subdivided into 10 equal segments of 0.8 m length and 0.1 m width, with a different REE applied to each segment. We derived computational formulae for estimating the distribution of eroded amounts along the rills. The actual erosion distribution along rills was then estimated with the data from the experiments. The precision of the REEs for tracing rill erosion was analysed. The results showed that sediment concentration increased with rill length, but the increased rate (the slope of the curve) flattened gradually. Sediment yields increased with slope gradients and flow rates, but the slope gradients had a greater effect on sediment concentration than flow rates, and greater flow rates caused more rill erosion and soil loss under the same slope gradient. The results also demonstrated the feasibility of using REEs to trace the dynamic processes of rill erosion. C1 CAS, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lei, TW (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Key Lab Modern Precis Agr Syst Integrat Res, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM ddragon@public3.bta.net.cn NR 22 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00737.x PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 044SL UT WOS:000237692600001 ER PT J AU Rossi, EJ Sim, L Kuntz, DA Hahn, D Johnston, BD Ghavami, A Szczepina, MG Kumar, NS Sterchi, EE Nichols, BL Pinto, BM Rose, DR AF Rossi, EJ Sim, L Kuntz, DA Hahn, D Johnston, BD Ghavami, A Szczepina, MG Kumar, NS Sterchi, EE Nichols, BL Pinto, BM Rose, DR TI Inhibition of recombinant human maltase glucoamylase by salacinol and derivatives SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE enzyme inhibition; family GH31; glucosidase; glycosyl hydrolase; salacinol ID SULFONIUM SULFATE STRUCTURE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; ANALOGS; ACARBOSE; PREVENTION; RETICULATA; MEDICINE AB Inhibitors targeting pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidases delay glucose production following digestion and are currently used in the treatment of Type II diabetes. Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), a family 31 glycoside hydrolase, is an alpha-glucosidase anchored in the membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells responsible for the final step of mammalian starch digestion leading to the release of glucose. This paper reports the production and purification of active human recombinant MGA amino terminal catalytic domain (MGAnt) from two different eukaryotic cell culture systems. MGAnt overexpressed in Drosophila cells was of quality and quantity suitable for kinetic and inhibition studies as well as future structural studies. Inhibition of MGAnt was tested with a group of prospective alpha-glucosidase inhibitors modeled after salacinol, a naturally occurring alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and acarbose, a currently prescribed antidiabetic agent. Four synthetic inhibitors that bind and inhibit MGAnt activity better than acarbose, and at comparable levels to salacinol, were found. The inhibitors are derivatives of salacinol that contain either a selenium atom in place of sulfur in the five-membered ring, or a longer polyhydroxylated, sulfated chain than salacinol. Six-membered ring derivatives of salacinol and compounds modeled after miglitol were much less effective as MGAnt inhibitors. These results provide information on the inhibitory profile of MGAnt that will guide the development of new compounds having antidiabetic activity. C1 Ontario Canc Inst, Div Canc Genom & Proteom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, Bern, Switzerland. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rose, DR (reprint author), Ontario Canc Inst, Div Canc Genom & Proteom, 101 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. EM drose@oci.utoronto.ca NR 35 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 273 IS 12 BP 2673 EP 2683 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05283.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 048NV UT WOS:000237954700008 PM 16817895 ER PT J AU Sanz, ML Cote, GL Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Sanz, ML Cote, GL Gibson, GR Rastall, RA TI Selective fermentation of gentiobiose-derived oligosaccharides by human gut bacteria and influence of molecular weight SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prebiotic; gentiobiose; oligosaccharide fermentation; alternansucrase ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIETARY MODULATION; HUMAN FECES; ALTERNANSUCRASE; VITRO; PREBIOTICS AB Gentiooligosaccharides and alternansucrase gentiobiose acceptor products were fractionated by their degree of polymerization (DP) on a Bio-Gel P2 column. Fractions were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and incubated with human faecal bacteria under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C. The growth of predominant gut bacteria on the oligosaccharides was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and a prebiotic index (PI) was calculated. Lower DP gentiooligosaccharides (DP2-3) showed the highest selectivity (PI of 4.89 and 3.40, respectively), whereas DP4-5 alternansucrase gentiobiose acceptor products generated the greatest values (PI of 5.87). The production of short-chain fatty acids was also determined during the time course of the reactions. The mixture of DP6-10 alternansucrase gentiobiose acceptor products generated the highest levels of butyric acid but the lowest levels of lactic acid. Generally, for similar molecular weights, alternansucrase gentiobiose acceptor products gave higher PI values than gentiooligosaccharides. C1 Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Sch Food Biosci, Whiteknights POB 226, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. EM r.a.rastall@rdg.ac.uk RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009; Sanz, Maria Luz/G-3815-2011 OI Sanz, Maria Luz/0000-0002-8156-4734 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00075.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 042GY UT WOS:000237517300006 PM 16689871 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Reeves, JB Krizek, DT Foy, CD Gitz, DC AF Ritchie, JC Reeves, JB Krizek, DT Foy, CD Gitz, DC TI Fiber composition of eastern gamagrass forage grown on a degraded, acid soil SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eastern gamagrass; forage; fiber; crude protein; digestibility; fiber composition ID INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; ALUMINUM; LIGNIN AB With increasing emphasis on sustainable agriculture, there is renewed interest in the use of native plants as alternative sources for food, fiber, and soil improvement. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsactim dactyloides (L.) L.] is a native, warm-season, perennial grass found in the eastern United States that has been used for forage and soil improvement. The objective of this research was to investigate the forage composition and digestibility of eastern gamagrass grown on a degraded, acid soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD. Eastern gamagrass forage samples were harvested at time of heading in July of 1997, 1998, and 1999 from plants grown on a degraded hillside with increasing soil acidity and decreasing surface soil depth from the bottom to top of the hillslope and analyzed for fiber, crude protein, and in situ digestibility. Year of harvest had the greatest effect on forage composition. Fiber composition was related to slope position and soil acidity. Plants were generally high in fiber as reflected by high neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, but were not particularly high in lignin. Crude protein (6-11%) and digestibility were good. In general, forage quality, as indicated by lower fiber (NDF, ADF, lignin) and higher digestibility and crude protein, increased as soil condition degraded and environmental stress (deficit rainfall) increased. Thus, eastern gamagrass is comparable in forage composition and digestibility to many forages currently used even when grown on poor soil and under environmental stress. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.09.007 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028KG UT WOS:000236485500006 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC AF Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC TI Water deficit effects on root distribution of soybean, field pea and chickpea SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chickpea; dryland agriculture; field pea; root surface area; soybean; water deficit stress ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; GROWTH; SOIL; STRESS; CORN AB Cropping diversity in the central Great Plains of the United States could be increased by including suitable legumes in crop rotations. Water is limiting to all crops grown in this region and agronomic crops frequently experience water deficit stress during their life cycle. The ability of a plant to change its root distribution to exploit deeper stored soil water may be an important mechanism to avoid drought stress. An experiment was conducted to examine legume root system response to water deficit stress. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown at two water regimes: under natural rainfall conditions and irrigated to minimize water deficit stress. Root distributions for each species were measured at 0.23 m depth intervals to a depth of 1.12 m directly beneath the plants at the late bloom and mid pod fill growth stages. Roots were washed free of soil and were separated from soil debris by hand. Root surface area measurements were made and root weights were recorded for each depth interval. Water deficit did not affect the relative soybean root distribution. Approximately 97% of the total soybean roots were in the surface 0.23 m at both sampling times and under both water regimes. In contrast, water deficit stress resulted in a greater proportion of chickpea and field pea roots to grow deeper in the soil. Under irrigated conditions, about 80% of the chickpea and field pea roots were in the surface 0.23 m. Under dry conditions, about 66% of the total chickpea and field pea roots were in the surface 0.23 in and the remainder of the roots was deeper in the soil profile. Field pea had a root surface area to weight ratio (AWR) of 35-40 m(2) kg(-1), chickpea had a AWR of 40-80 m(2) kg(-1), whereas soybean had a AWR of 3-7 m(2) kg(-1), depending on plant growth stage. The greater AWR indicates a finer root system for the field pea and chickpea compared with soybean. From a rooting perspective, chickpea may be the best suited of these species for dryland crop production in semi-arid climates due to an adaptive root distribution based on water availability and large root surface area per unit root weight. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Benjamin, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Res Stn, 40335 Co Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Joseph.Benjamin@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 12 TC 93 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2-3 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.10.005 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028KG UT WOS:000236485500014 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Perez, E Horner, HT Hanlin, SJ Palmer, RG AF Ortiz-Perez, E Horner, HT Hanlin, SJ Palmer, RG TI Evaluation of insect-mediated seed set among soybean lines segregating for male sterility at the ms6 locus SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean; hybrids; male-sterile lines; pollinators ID FLOWER-COLOR POLYMORPHISM; IPOMOEA-PURPUREA; NIGHT TEMPERATURE; OUTCROSSING RATE; HONEY-BEES; REGISTRATION; POLLINATION; SELECTION; ATTRACTIVENESS; GERMPLASM AB Currently, there is no economical way to produce large quantities of F, hybrid soybean seed in the USA. One of the fundamental requirements for hybrid seed production is the availability of a stable male-sterile, female-fertile system. However, the more challenging barrier is the efficient transfer of pollen from the male parent to the female parent. This could potentially be achieved through pollinator insects. Our observations suggested that seed set on male-sterile, female-fertile plants is a good indicator of insect attraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed set among male-sterile, female-fertile lines segregating for male-sterile, female-fertile ms6 allele by using Megachile rotundata as pollinator vector. Thirty-four pairs of near-isogenic lilies, the ms6 wI wI donor parent, and its two isogenic lilies WIwl and wIwI segregating for male-sterile (ms6) allele were used. The WI locus controls flower color and hypocotyle pigmentation. Seed set was evaluated on field-grown plants in 2001-2003 near Ames, IA. Although the observed seed set was not commercially acceptable, our results indicated significant differences in seed set among lines. This suggests that preferential attraction of pollinators occurred, and selection among male-sterile, female-fertile lines could be used to obtain female parents suitable to produce larger amounts of hybrid soybean seed. In addition, the effect of flower color on seed set was statistically significant. White-flowered lines produced more seed set compared to purple-flowered lines (WIWI). Lastly, the important effect of year suggested that the effect of environmental conditions on seed set among lilies segregating for male sterility was of paramount importance to plant-pollinator interactions. This needs to be assessed in order to establish an efficient hybrid soybean program. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Besey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ortiz-Perez, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, G439, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evelyn6@iastate.edu NR 64 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2-3 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.11.007 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 028KG UT WOS:000236485500024 ER PT J AU Sotiropoulos, JC Nislow, KH Ross, MR AF Sotiropoulos, JC Nislow, KH Ross, MR TI Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, microhabitat selection and diet under low summer stream flows SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brook trout; diet; microhabitat selection; stream flows ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; AGE-0 ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH-RATE; HABITAT; POPULATION; WATER; SIZE; ENCROACHMENT; DETERMINANTS AB This study investigated the effects of low summer discharge on habitat, prey use and prey availability for age 1 brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in two small streams in Massachusetts, USA. Stream discharge declined substantially from June to August, with corresponding decreases in microhabitat depth and velocity; but fish habitat preferences were consistent throughout the summer, with fish selecting deep, low current velocity locations. Invertebrate drift rate, drift density and trout stomach fullness were significantly greater in June than August samples. Diets were dominated by aquatic-derived prey (chironomid larvae and adult blackflies) in June, but terrestrial invertebrates were the most frequent diet items in August. Consistent occupancy of low-velocity, deep microhabitats with low invertebrate flux rates indicated that, despite variation in habitat and prey conditions, trout adopted a habitat-use strategy of minimising risks and energy costs rather than maximising forage gain. This observation is consistent with, and provides a potential explanation for, the low summer growth rates of brook trout observed in small streams. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sotiropoulos, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jimsot@forwild.umass.edu NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00487.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 045JW UT WOS:000237739400003 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Epsky, ND Heath, RR TI Assessment of female reproductive status in Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; ovary development; sexual maturation; oocyte; egg load ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES DIPTERA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATTRACTANT; AMMONIA; STRAIN; TRAP; WILD AB Reliable methods are needed for assessing sexual maturity in field-captured tephritid fruit flies. To provide such a tool for female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), this study documented changes in ovarian development over a four-week period following adult eclosion. The ovarian maturation process was classified into six developmental stages. Stages 1-4 described sequential steps in the development of immature ovaries, stage 5 indicated presence of mature oocytes, and stage 6 was the ovipositional phase. For each stage, four morphometric characters were examined-length of ovary, width of ovary, an ovarian index (length of ovary multiplied by width of ovary), and length of terminal follicle. Ovarian characters were compared by stage and correlated with the number of mature oocytes per ovary (egg load). Ovarian index maximized the differences between sexually mature and immature ovaries, and ovary length provided the best separation of immature stages. All four characters were positively correlated with egg load, but ovarian index and ovary width were the two best indicators of mature oocytes. Use of these parameters to assess egg load would eliminate the need to tease apart ovaries and count mature oocytes, thereby providing an efficient method for processing large samples of flies. Classification of female sexual maturity based on an ovary staging system, in conjunction with assessment of egg load in mature stages, would facilitate evaluation of the physiological age structure of a fly population captured in field deployed traps. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[144:AOFRSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000006 ER PT J AU Villanueva, RT Gagne, R Childers, CC AF Villanueva, RT Gagne, R Childers, CC TI Two species of Cecidomyiidae predacious on citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, on Florida citrus SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Acari; citrus; Diptera; Eriophyidae; Feltiella; Lestodiplosis; predation ID ACARISUGA VALLOT DIPTERA; PREY AB Larvae of two undescribed species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were found preying upon Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Florida citrus. Identifications to genus were made from adults reared in the laboratory. The two species had distinctive larval coloration. One larval type was completely yellow and was identified as Feltiella n. sp., while the second larval type had an orange color with a transverse white band close to the mouthparts. The latter cecidomyiid was identified as belonging to a genus near Lestodiplosis in the broad sense. Feltiella n. sp. (n = 17) and the species near the genus Lestodiplosis (n = 12) consumed 33.8 +/- 4.6 (mean +/- SEM) and 43.0 +/- 6.4 citrus rust mite eggs; 14.2 +/- 1.4 and 15.0 +/- 2.0 citrus rust mite nymphs, and 3.0 +/- 0.4 and 5.6 +/- 0.9 citrus rust mite adults/10 min., respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the consumption rates of either predator on any rust mite life stage. These data indicate that Feltiella n. sp. and the species near the genus Lestodiplosis are both efficient predators of P. oleivora eggs, larvae, and nymphs. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Villanueva, RT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, 455 Res Dr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[161:TSOCPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000008 ER PT J AU Avila, Y Stavisky, J Hague, S Funderburk, J Reitz, S Momol, T AF Avila, Yolanda Stavisky, Julianne Hague, Sara Funderburk, Joe Reitz, Stuart Momol, Tim TI Evaluation of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) as a vector of the Tomato spotted wilt virus in pepper SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; Tospovirus; vector competence; viral acquisition; viral transmission; Capsicum annuum ID OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; ANTHOCORIDAE; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE AB Frankliniella occidentalis is the key vector responsible for the emergence of Tomato spotted wilt virus as a global threat to agriculture. Frankliniella bispinosa is a common thrips in Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda, but the role of F bispinosa in the epidemiology of the virus is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of F. bispinosa to acquire and transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus in pepper. In laboratory experiments, the number of larvae produced per F. bispinosa female was less than the number of larvae produced per F occidentalis female. The larvae of F. bispinosa successfully acquired Tomato spotted wilt virus, although at a lower percentage than F. occidentalis. Viruliferous adults of both species transmitted the virus to pepper. Our results confirm the competence of F. bispinosa as a vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus. C1 Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. USDA ARS CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Avila, Y (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[204:EOFBTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000014 ER PT J AU Muniappan, R Meyerdirk, DE Sengebau, FM Berringer, DD Reddy, GVP AF Muniappan, R Meyerdirk, DE Sengebau, FM Berringer, DD Reddy, GVP TI Classical biological control of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) in the Republic of Palau SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE papaya mealybug; Paracoccus marginatus; Hemiptera; Pseudococcidae; Anagyrus loecki; Pseudleptomastix mexicana; Acerophagus papayae; Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae; biological control; Palau ID INVADENS WILLIAMS HOMOPTERA; TEBYGI NOYES HYMENOPTERA; MANGO MEALYBUG; ENCYRTIDAE; IMPACT AB The papaya mealybug (PM), Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a pest in Central America and the Caribbean, was noted to have established on Palau in March 2003 and was causing serious damage to papaya, plumeria, hibiscus, and other plants. The parasitoids Anagyrus loecki Noyes, Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff, and Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) totaling 24,586 were imported from Puerto Rico and field released in Palau from August 2003 to June 2004. Anugyrus loecki andA. papayae appear to be promising biological control agents of PM in Palau. No field recovery of P. mexicana was made in spite of several field releases. The reduction of the papaya mealybug population density levels below detectable levels was observed in a six-month period following the introduction of these exotic parasitoids. Following the successful implementation of a classical biological control program, the risk of this mealybug spreading to other islands in the Republic of Palau and to neighboring Micronesian Islands has been considerably reduced. C1 Univ Guam, Coll Nat & Appl Sci, Agr Expt Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. USDA APHIS, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Natl Biol Control Inst, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Bur Agr, Koror 96940, Palau. USDA APHIS, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Tamuing, GU 96911 USA. RP Muniappan, R (reprint author), Univ Guam, Coll Nat & Appl Sci, Agr Expt Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM rmuni@uog9.uog.edu RI Reddy, Gadi /J-5270-2015 OI Reddy, Gadi /0000-0001-6377-0721 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[212:CBCOTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000016 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Simmons, AM Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, JC Simmons, AM Legaspi, BC TI Prey preference by Delphastus catalinae (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae): Effects of plant species and prey stages SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE silverleaf whitefly; predation; tomato; vegetables; hibiscus; cotton ID HOST-PLANT; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; APHIDS HOMOPTERA; PREDATOR; GENERALIST; ACARI; EGGS AB Plant species and insect stages were studied for their effects on feeding by predator Delphastus catalinae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). To study the influence of plant species, immature whitefly prey were presented simultaneously to starved predator adults on leaf cuttings of five different plant species: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), hibiscus (Hibiscus roses-sinensis L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.], Walpers ssp. unguiculata), and collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC). Percentage predation over 24 h was significantly highest on cotton, followed in rank order by collards, cowpea, tomato, and hibiscus. Different predation rates may have been caused by differential response to volatile secondary compounds released by the leaf cuttings. Host stage preference was studied by presenting individual adult predators with equal numbers of prey (200 per replicate) in three aggregate life stages: eggs, small nymphs (1st to 3rd instars) and large nymphs (4th instar to pupae). Adults consumed significantly higher numbers of eggs in a 24h predation period compared with small or large nymphs. These findings suggest that among the plant species tested, Delphastus catalinae may be most effective on early-season cotton or immediately after whitefly infestation when eggs are predominant. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE FAMU, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE FAMU, Ctr Biol Control, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[218:PPBDCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000017 ER PT J AU Huang, ZP Hunter, WB Cleland, CA Wolinsky, M Lapointe, SL Powell, CA AF Huang, ZP Hunter, WB Cleland, CA Wolinsky, M Lapointe, SL Powell, CA TI A new member of the growth-promoting glycoproteins from diaprepes root weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AAV68692; AY821658; cDNA; Diaprepes abbreviatus; gene expression; IDGF ID DROSOPHILA INSULIN-RECEPTOR; CHITINASE PROTEIN FAMILY; ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SIGNAL SEQUENCES; MELANOGASTER; PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; CELLS AB A new member belonging to the family of growth-promoting glycoproteins referred to as imaginal disc growth factors, IDGF, was identified from the root weevil Daaprepes abbreviatus (L.), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The imaginal disc growth factor full length cDNA transcript, designated as idgf-DRW, was cloned and identified from tissue of adult, teneral DRW females. Sequencing and subsequent homology comparisons of the nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession no. AY821658) indicated that the open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 1329 bases and encoded a putative protein of 442 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 49.5 kDa and a pI value of 6.68. BLASTX comparisons of the idgf-DRW cDNA sequence showed that the deduced amino acid sequence designated as IDGF-DRW (AAV68692.1) had 43% to 51% similarity with IDGFl-5 and DS47 from Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba, 51% similarity with IDGF in Pieris rapae, and 51% similarity with an IDGF-like protein in Bombyx mori. Signal P analysis revealed that the predicted IDGF-DRW contained a signal peptide of 23 amino acid residues located at the N-terminus, similar to other known IDGF proteins. The structure of IDGF-DRW was predicted based on the characterized IDGF2 from D. melanogaster as the model. The deduced amino acid sequence for the IDGF-DRW protein had 48% similarity with Drosophila melanogaster IDGF2. The predicted IDGF-DRW displays the characteristics found in Drosophila IDGFs, the fold of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, with an insertion (Gly304 to Phe392) in the beta barrel between strand beta 7 and helix alpha-7 that forms an additional alpha+beta domain similar to that of Serratia marcescens chitinases A and B. An identified nucleotide change which results in an amino acid change within the active binding site in IDGF-DRW also was observed. The significant similarities of IDGF-DRW to other members within the family of IDGFs support its classification as a new member of the invertebrate growth factors and the first IDGF to be identified from a coleopteran. C1 Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Biopesticide & Chem Biol, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Huang, ZP (reprint author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Biopesticide & Chem Biol, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[223:ANMOTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000018 ER PT J AU LaPointe, SL Hall, DG Murata, Y Parka-Pedrazzoli, AL Bento, JMS Vilela, EF Leal, WS AF LaPointe, SL Hall, DG Murata, Y Parka-Pedrazzoli, AL Bento, JMS Vilela, EF Leal, WS TI Field evaluation of a synthetic female sex pheromone for the leafmining moth Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) in Florida citrus SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Hamura, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP LaPointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Bento, Jose Mauricio/A-9759-2008 OI Bento, Jose Mauricio/0000-0001-8655-5178 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 274 EP 276 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[274:FEOASF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000027 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E TI Dietary protein and mating competitiveness of sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae): Measurements of induced egg sterility in large field enclosures SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; INSECT TECHNIQUE; FLIES DIPTERA; SUCCESS; CAGES C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 277 EP 278 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[277:DPAMCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000028 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Chen, YP AF Valles, SM Chen, YP TI Serendipitous discovery of an RNA virus from the cricket, Acheta domesticus SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 282 EP 283 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[282:SDOARV]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000030 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Czokajlo, D AF Robacker, DC Czokajlo, D TI Effect of propylene glycol antifreeze on captures of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in traps baited with biolures and AFF lures SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 286 EP 287 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[286:EOPGAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059ZP UT WOS:000238771000032 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Dien, BS Nichols, NN Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, N Dien, BS Nichols, NN Saha, BC Cotta, MA TI Genetically engineered Escherichia coli for ethanol production from xylose - Substrate and product inhibition and kinetic parameters SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ethanol; xylose; inhibition; Escherichia coli FBR5; productivity; yield ID ACETONE-BUTANOL-ETHANOL; PACKED-BED REACTOR; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; FERMENTATION PROCESS; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; OSMOLYTES; REMOVAL; GROWTH; CELLS; KO11 AB A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli FBR5 was characterized for ethanol production from xylose in batch reactors. Up to a salt (NaCl) concentration of 10 gL(-1), the culture exhibited no inhibition. Above 10 gL(-1) of salt concentration the culture experienced inhibition and the maximum concentration of salt that E. coli FBR5 could tolerate was 40 gL(-1). At 40 gL(-1) NaCl concentration, the value of mu(max) (maximum specific growth rate, h(-1)) was reduced significantly as compared to control where salt concentration was OgL(-1). The culture could tolerate a maximum xylose concentration of 250 gL(-1), however, at that concentration a reduced cell growth was obtained. A maximum cell concentration of 0.30gL(-1) was obtained at this sugar concentration as compared to 0.75 gL(-1) at 100 gL(-1) initial xylose. As the concentration of xylose increased, ethanol specific productivity (v) decreased from 0.98 to 0.70 h(-1). In these experiments a maximum yield of 0.50 (g ethanol g(-1) xylose) was achieved with a productivity of 0.73 gL(-1) h(-1). Ethanol inhibition studies suggested that the maximum tolerance of the culture was 50 gL(-1) ethanol. However, the maximum ethanol that could be produced was 43.5 gL(-1). In pH controlled experiments, the maximum ethanol productivity of 0.90 gL(-1) h(-1) was obtained. The value of Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) was evaluated to be 4.38 gL(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM qureshin@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 84 IS C2 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1205/fbp.05038 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 056HN UT WOS:000238513000004 ER PT J AU Roberge, MT Hakk, H Larsen, G AF Roberge, MT Hakk, H Larsen, G TI Cytosolic and localized inhibition of phosphodiesterase by atrazine in swine tissue homogenates SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; phosphodiesterase; swine; homogenate ID CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; GOLGI-ENDOSOMAL FRACTION; RAT; AMP; METAMORPHOSIS; METABOLITES; GROWTH AB Atrazine (ATR) significantly inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) in crude homogenates of swine heart. brain, and lung, but not liver or kidney tissues. Except for heart, PDE activities in the cytosolic fraction of the tissue homogenates were not affected by ATR. The inhibition of the PDE activity in the cytosol from heart homogenate was not significantly different between ATR and a non-specific PDE inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Dixon plots of the crude tissue homogenates showed that heart and brain were inhibited via two different mechanisms (competitive or mixed inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition, respectively), suggesting that ATR may be a semi-specific PDE inhibitor. Furthermore, in crude tissue homogenates, ATR did not inhibit PDE as effectively as IBMX suggesting that there are ATR-susceptible and ATR-nonsusceptible forms of PDE. Association constants for ATR were 55 mu M for heart and 310 mu M for brain. The stability of the activity of PDE was affected by freezing, requiring the use of only freshly prepared tissue homogenates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Larsen, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM larseng@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.014 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 056VG UT WOS:000238552600013 PM 16426721 ER PT J AU Traub-Dargatz, JL Ladely, SR Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Traub-Dargatz, Josie L. Ladely, Scott R. Dargatz, David A. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Impact of Heat Stress on the Fecal Shedding Patterns of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104 and Salmonella enterica Infantis by 5-Week-Old Male Broilers SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to determine if there is an impact of heat stress of broiler chickens on number and survival of two types of Salmonella shed in the chicken's feces after an oral challenge. The data from this study indicate that heat stress did not result in higher levels or longer survival of Salmonella spp. shed in feces. It is possible that the duration or intensity of the heat stress employed was not sufficient or that heat stress does not alter the number or survivability for these particular strains of Salmonella spp. Feces stored at room temperature after collection, resulted in the numbers of both strains of Salmonella increasing by one to three logs in the first week. This finding indicates that there could be an increase in environmental contamination under certain conditions. C1 [Traub-Dargatz, Josie L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ladely, Scott R.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Stn, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA USA. [Dargatz, David A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Traub-Dargatz, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jtraub1@lamar.colostate.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.178 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZD UT WOS:000206352100005 PM 16761943 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Edrington, TS Flores, R Rosenkrans, CF Aiken, GE AF Looper, M. L. Edrington, T. S. Flores, R. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. Aiken, G. E. TI Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Water and Soil from Tall Fescue Paddocks SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Six 1-ha paddocks of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) grazed by Gelbvieh x Angus heifers from 1 March to 21 June 2005 were used to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in water tanks, and standing water and surface soil surrounding water tanks in tall fescue paddocks grazed by cattle. Paddocks included two each of Kentucky-31 endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+), Jesup tall fescue with the AR542 endophyte strain (MaxQ), and HiMag tall fescue with strain 4 endophyte (HiMag4). Samples were collected weekly (6 June to 5 July) from water tanks (n = 30), and standing water (n = 18) and surface soil (n = 30) surrounding the water tanks in each paddock commencing 3 weeks prior to termination of grazing until 2 weeks after cattle removal. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 tended (p = 0.07) to be increased in standing water and surface soil surrounding water tanks when cattle were present. Presence of cattle resulted in muddy conditions surrounding water tanks. Consumption of E+ tall fescue did not influence (p > 0.10) the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella in or around water tanks. Neither E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella were detected in water tanks. Total percentage of standing water samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 was 27.8% and 5.6% for Salmonella. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (6.7%) and Salmonella (10%) also were detected in the surface soil surrounding the water tanks. We conclude that areas surrounding water tanks in tall fescue paddocks can be reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria. C1 [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Edrington, T. S.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Flores, R.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM mlooper@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 3 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.203 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZD UT WOS:000206352100009 PM 16761947 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Holsten, EH Shephard, ME Werner, RA Burnside, RE AF Matsuoka, SM Holsten, EH Shephard, ME Werner, RA Burnside, RE TI Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems of south-central Alaska - Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. State Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Resources Sect, Forest Hlth Protect Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Ms 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM steve_matsuoka@fws.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.037 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100001 ER PT J AU Werner, RA Holsten, EH Matsuoka, SM Burnside, RE AF Werner, Richard A. Holsten, Edward H. Matsuoka, Steven M. Burnside, Roger E. TI Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems in south-central Alaska: A review of 30 years of research SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; control; Dendroctonus rufipennis; natural disturbance; semiochemicals; silviculture; spruce beetle; wildlife ID DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS KIRBY; WHITE SPRUCE; LUTZ SPRUCE; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; PINE-BEETLE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; FIELD-EVALUATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA; ATTACK AB From 1920 to 1989, approximately 847,000 ha of Alaska spruce (Picea spp.) forests were infested by spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis). From 1990 to 2000, an extensive outbreak of spruce beetles caused mortality of spruce across 1.19 million ha of forests in Alaska; approximately 40% more forest area than was infested the previous 70 years. This review presents some of the most important findings from a diversity of research and management projects from 1970 to 2004 to understand the biology, ecology, and control of this important forest insect, and the causes and effects of their outbreaks. We suggest that future research should examine the long-term effects of the spruce beetle outbreaks and climate variability on forest ecosystems in the region. Research into how different management actions facilitate or interrupt natural successional processes would be particularly useful. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. State Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Resources Sect, Forest Hlth Protect Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Werner, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 8080 NW Ridgewood Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM wernerr@peak.org NR 126 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.050 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100002 ER PT J AU Boucher, TV Mead, BR AF Boucher, TV Mead, BR TI Vegetation change and forest regeneration on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska following a spruce beetle outbreak, 1987-2000 SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; bluejoint; Calamagrostis canadensis; Dendroctonus rufipennis; forest regeneration; Kenai Peninsula; spruce beetle; vegetation change ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; WHITE SPRUCE; BOREAL FOREST; CALAMAGROSTIS-CANADENSIS; LUTZ SPRUCE; ATTACK; COMPETITION; SITES; FIRE AB Forests of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska experienced widespread spruce (Picea spp.) mortality during a massive spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) infestation over a 15-year period. In 1987, and again in 2000, the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program conducted initial and remeasurement inventories of forest vegetation to assess the broad-scale impacts of this infestation. Analysis of vegetation composition was conducted with indirect gradient analysis using nonmetric multidimensional scaling to determine the overall pattern of vegetation change resulting from the infestation and to evaluate the effect of vegetation change on forest regeneration. For the latter we specifically assessed the impact of the grass bluejoint (Calamagrostis canadensis) on white spruce (Picea glauca) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) regeneration. Changes in vegetation composition varied both in magnitude and direction among geographic regions of the Kenai Peninsula. Forests of the southern Kenai Lowland showed the most marked change in composition indicated by relatively large distances between 1987 and 2000 measurements in ordination space. Specific changes included high white spruce mortality (87% reduction in basal area of white spruce > 12.7 cm diameter-at-breast height (dbh)) and increased cover of early successional species such as bluejoint and fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium). Forests of the Kenai Mountains showed a different directional change in composition characterized by moderate white spruce mortality (46% reduction) and increased cover of late-successional mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana). Forests of the Gulf Coast and northern Kenai Lowland had lower levels of spruce mortality (22% reduction of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and 28% reduction of white spruce, respectively) and did not show consistent directional changes in vegetation composition. Bluejoint increased by >= 10% in cover on 12 of 33 vegetation plots on the southern Kenai Lowland but did not increase by these amounts on the 82 plots sampled elsewhere on the Kenai Peninsula. Across the Kenai Lowland, however, regeneration of white spruce and paper birch did not change in response to the outbreak or related increases in bluejoint cover from 1987 to 2000. Although some infested areas will be slow to reforest owing to few trees and no seedlings, we found no evidence of widespread reductions in regeneration following the massive spruce beetle infestation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Boucher, TV (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, 707 A St, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM antvb@uaa.alaska.edu NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.051 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100005 ER PT J AU Suring, LH Goldstein, MI Howell, S Nations, CS AF Suring, LH Goldstein, MI Howell, S Nations, CS TI Effects of spruce beetle infestations on berry productivity on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; berry; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Kenai Peninsula; spruce beetle ID BOREAL FOREST; VACCINIUM-MYRTILLUS; INTERIOR ALASKA; VEGETATION; FIRE; CANADENSIS; FRUGIVORY; OUTBREAK; HISTORY; STANDS AB Understanding the dynamics of berry productivity provides significant insight for managing the landscape to maintain ecosystem functions. On the Kenai Peninsula, as many as 14 mammal and 30 bird species commonly feed on berries produced by shrubs and forbs associated with spruce forests. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (Ursus americanus), in particular, rely on berry crops for foraging. Gathering berries for subsistence or recreation purposes is also important to local residents and visitors. Recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) infestations on the Kenai Peninsula have altered the dynamics of berry productivity. To assess this relationship, we evaluated the number and productivity of berries with the following environmental covariates: canopy cover, overstory type, infestation level, year of infestation, land type, and land type association. Data were sufficient to describe the relationships of these variables with the productivity of bunchberry dogwood (Cornus canadensis), black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), false toadflax (Geocaulon lividum), strawberryleaf raspberry (Rubus pedatus), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and a combination of 24 other species. We accomplished this using log-linear regression by which we estimated the variance using the negative binomial distribution. Canopy cover significantly influenced the productivity of all berry species except for false toadflax. Increasing canopy cover had a negative effect on berry productivity except for strawberryleaf raspberry. Overstory type influenced the productivity of all individual berry species. Infestation level was significantly related to the productivity of black crowberry, false toadflax, and the combined species group. Berry counts were generally lower in plots with low or medium infestation than in plots with high infestation. Relating the dynamics of berry productivity to the effects of spruce beetle infestations provides the opportunity for better management of post-beetle-infested forests. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Forest Serv, Seward Ranger Dist, Chugach Natl Forest, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Western EcoSyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Alaska Reg Off, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM Goldstein.mi@gmail.com NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.039 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100006 ER PT J AU Allen, JL Wesser, S Markon, CJ Winterberger, KC AF Allen, JL Wesser, S Markon, CJ Winterberger, KC TI Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on a Changing Alaskan Ecosystem - The Effects of Spruce Beetle Outbreaks and Associated Management Practices on Forest Ecosystems of South-Central Alaska CY FEB, 2004 CL Homer, AK DE Alaska; Dendroctonus rufipennis; forest disturbance; landscape-level change; spruce beetle; vegetation change; white spruce ID WHITE SPRUCE; KENAI PENINSULA; BOREAL FOREST; ATTACK; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC; POINT; TREE AB From 1989 to 2003, a widespread outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska, infested over 275,000 ha of forests in the region. During 1997 and 1998, we measured forest vegetation structure and composition on one hundred and thirty-six 20-m x 20-m plots to assess both the immediate stand and landscape level effects of the spruce beetle infestation. A photo-interpreted vegetation and infestation map was produced using color-infrared aerial photography at a scale of 1:40,000. We used linear regression to quantify the effects of the outbreak on forest structure and composition. White spruce (Picea glauca) canopy cover and basal area of medium-to-large trees [>= 15 cm diameter-at-breast height (1.3 m, dbh)] were reduced linearly as the number of trees attacked by spruce beetles increased. Black spruce (Picea mariana) and small diameter white spruce (< 15 cm dbh) were infrequently attacked and killed by spruce beetles. This selective attack of mature white spruce reduced structural complexity of stands to earlier stages of succession and caused mixed tree species stands to lose their white spruce and become more homogeneous in overstory composition. Using the resulting regressions, we developed a transition matrix to describe changes in vegetation types under varying levels of spruce beetle infestations, and applied the model to the vegetation map. Prior to the outbreak, our study area was composed primarily of stands of mixed white and black spruce (29% of area) and pure white spruce (25%). However, the selective attack on white spruce caused many of these stands to transition to black spruce dominated stands (73% increase in area) or shrublands (26% increase in area). The post-infestation landscape was thereby composed of more even distributions of shrubland and white, black, and mixed spruce communities (17-22% of study area). Changes in the cover and composition of understory vegetation were less evident in this study. However, stands with the highest mortality due to spruce beetles had the lowest densities of white spruce seedlings suggesting a longer forest regeneration time without an increase in seedling germination, growth, or survival. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Wrangell St Elias Natl Pk & Preserve, Copper Ctr, AK 99573 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Geog Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Allen, JL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 201 1st Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM Jennifer_allen@nps.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 227 IS 3 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.040 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 049AQ UT WOS:000237988100007 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Klopfenstein, NB Hanna, JW McDonald, GI AF Kim, MS Klopfenstein, NB Hanna, JW McDonald, GI TI Characterization of North American Armillaria species: genetic relationships determined by ribosomal DNA sequences and AFLP markers SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEAR; MELLEA; FUNGI; RNA AB Phylogenetic and genetic relationships among 10 North American Armillaria species were analysed using sequence data from ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including intergenic spacer (IGS-1), internal transcribed spacers with associated 5.8S (ITS + 5.8S), and nuclear large subunit rDNA (nLSU), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Based on rDNA sequence data, the nLSU region is less variable among Armillaria species than the ITS + 5.8S and IGS-1 regions (nLSU < ITS + 5.8S < IGS-1). Phylogenetic analyses of the rDNA sequences suggested Armillaria mellea, A. tabescens and A. nabsnona are well separated from the remaining Armillaria species (A. ostoyae, A. gemina, A. calvescens, A. sinapina, A. gallica, NABS X and A. cepistipes). Several Armillaria species (A. calvescens, A. sinapina, A. gallica, NABS X and A. cepistipes) clustered together based on rDNA sequencing data. Based on the isolates used in this study, it appears that techniques based on IGS-1, ITS + 5.8S, and/or D-domain/3' ends of nLSU are not reliable for distinguishing A. calvescens, A. sinapina, A. gallica and A. cepistipes. However, AFLP data provided delineation among these species, and AFLP analysis supported taxonomic classification established by conventional methods (morphology and interfertility tests). Our results indicate that AFLP genetic markers offer potential for distinguishing currently recognized North American Biological Species (NABS) of Armillaria in future biological, ecological and taxonomic studies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM mkim@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2006.00441.x PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 042HA UT WOS:000237517500001 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Wang, XP AF Ross, RJ Brashaw, BK Wang, XP TI Structural condition assessment of in-service wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rjross@fs.fed.us; bbrashaw@nrri.umn.edu; xwang@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300001 ER PT J AU Cumbo, D Kline, DE Bumgardner, MS AF Cumbo, D Kline, DE Bumgardner, MS TI Benchmarking performance measurement and lean manufacturing in the rough mill SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Lean manufacturing represents a set of tools and a stepwise strategy for achieving smooth, predictable product flow, maximum product flexibility, and minimum system waste. While lean manufacturing principles have been successfully applied to some components of the secondary wood products value stream (e.g., moulding, turning, assembly, and finishing), the rough mill is perceived as a barrier to such an application. This study investigated the implementation of lean manufacturing in the rough mill as well as performance measurement and metrics at both the rough mill and overall business level. Key manufacturing as well as overall business-related metrics were benchmarked. Data were collected from a nationwide survey of secondary wood processing facilities. Notable findings of this study include: 1) the average secondary wood products manufacturer holds a combined total of greater than 500,000 board feet in dry lumber and ripped-chopped parts inventory; 2) the average order-to-delivery lead time was calculated at 23 days; 3) a statistically significant difference of approximately 10 days was detected when comparing mean lead times between companies involved in lean manufacturing (19 days) and those not involved in lean manufacturing (28 days); and 4) rough mill related barriers to lean manufacturing implementation included performance measurement, machinery constraints, and inability to control "off spec" production. Lean manufacturing concepts appear to be taking hold in the secondary industry and study results reveal that companies involved in lean manufacturing are shortening order-to-delivery lead times. However, not unlike other industries, there is evidence of a variety of barriers to full implementation in the secondary wood products industry. C1 Virginia Tech, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, NE Res Sta, Princeton, WV USA. RP Cumbo, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Sloan Fdn Forest Ind Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dcumbo@vt.edu; kline@vt.edu; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300003 ER PT J AU Loeffler, D Calkin, DE Silverstein, RP AF Loeffler, D Calkin, DE Silverstein, RP TI Estimating volumes and costs of forest biomass in Western Montana using forest inventory and geospatial data SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Utilizing timber harvest residues (biomass) for renewable energy production provides an alternative disposal method to onsite burning that may improve the economic viability of hazardous fuels treatments. Due to the relatively low value of biomass, accurate estimates of biomass volumes and costs of collection and delivery are essential if investment in renewable energy production is to occur. We have established a spatial framework for estimating biomass volumes and costs of availability using publicly available data and models for Ravalli County in Western Montana. We used forest inventory data to estimate forest conditions and remotely sensed data to identify lands suitable for treatment and the spatial distribution of biomass resources. Using our framework, we geographically identified approximately 67,000 acres of low elevation, frequent fire interval forestland potentially available for fuel reduction treatment. Our analysis of forest inventory data shows that if a comprehensive forest restoration treatment is applied to these selected forestlands, 12 to 14 green tons per acre of biomass are potentially available for energy production in Ravalli County, Montana, at reasonable delivered costs. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Sta, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Loeffler, D (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM drloeffler@fs.fed.us; dcalkin@fs.fed.us; rsilverstein@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300004 ER PT J AU LeDoux, CB AF LeDoux, CB TI Assessing the opportunity cost of implementing streamside management zone guidelines in eastern hardwood forests SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Forest landowners, managers, loggers, land-use planners, and other decision/policy makers need to understand the opportunity cost associated with different levels of allowable management and required/voluntary protection in streamside management zones (SMZs). Four different logging technologies, two mature hardwood stands, three levels of streamside zone protection, and a simulation model were used to assess the opportunity costs. Results from this assessment suggest that protection costs can range from $153/acre to S669/acre depending on the level of protection desired, the logging technology used to harvest the timber, and the species composition of the tract. Results suggest that annual capital recovery costs by protection option range from $6.18/ acre/year to $27.00/acre/year depending on the combination of stand, logging technology, and protection option. Results suggest that the highest opportunity costs for a given level of protection are driven by a combination of high value species mix stands and low cost logging technologies. The results should be valuable to loggers, planners, and decision/policy makers involved with streamside management zone protection. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cledoux@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300006 ER PT J AU Shupe, TF Groom, LH Eberhardt, TL Rials, TG Hse, CY Pesacreta, T AF Shupe, TF Groom, LH Eberhardt, TL Rials, TG Hse, CY Pesacreta, T TI Mechanical and physical properties of composite panels manufactured from Chinese tallow tree furnish SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA AB Chinese tallow tree is a noxious, invasive plant in the southeastern United States. It is generally considered a nuisance and has no current commercial use. The objective of this research was to determine the technical feasibility of using the stem wood of this species for particleboard, fiberboard, and structural flakeboard. Due to its rapid growth, Chinese tallow tree could be a leading raw material for bio-based composite panels. This preliminary study indicated that Chinese tallow tree can be successfully used for all three composite panel types to produce panels meeting various American National Standards Institute grades based modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Pineville, LA USA. Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Microscopy Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu; lgroom@fs.fed.us; teberhardt@fs.fed.us; trials@utk.edu; chse@fs.fed.us; tcp9769@louisiana.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300011 ER PT J AU Popova, IE Beklemishev, MK Frihart, CR Seames, WS Sundstrom, TJ Kozliak, EI AF Popova, IE Beklemishev, MK Frihart, CR Seames, WS Sundstrom, TJ Kozliak, EI TI Penetration of naphthalene, n-hexadecane, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene into southern yellow pine under conditions modeling spills and floods SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD; DISTILLATE; ABSORPTION AB This paper investigates the penetration of three common contaminants into building grade southern yellow pine wood samples under the conditions experienced during chemical spills. Contaminants (n-hexadecane, naphthalene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene) were applied in their C-14-labeled forms to 5- to 9-cm-long pieces of southern yellow pine at ambient conditions. The impact of the following parameters on diffusivity was investigated: contaminant volatility and solubility in water, penetration direction compared to wood grain structure, and water saturation of wood under conditions characteristic of catastrophic floods. Water saturation (having a dramatic effect on diffusion rates) was studied under three conditions: wood pieces with ambient water concentration, those "post-soaked" with water after contamination, and those pre-soaked with water before contamination. Contaminant diffusivities in the ambient samples increased with increased contaminant volatility. For more water-soluble compounds, naphthalene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, the diffusion rate was greater in post-soaked samples with diffusivities approaching 10(-9) m(2)/s, characteristic for their diffusion in bulk liquids. By contrast, n-hexadecane diffusion was hindered significantly in post-soaked samples. For all three contaminants, longitudinal and tangential penetration rates were similar, indicating that the rate-limiting step may be contaminant evaporation inside the wood tracheids or contaminant dissolution in water (diffusion being controlled by strong contaminant sorption in wood). Experiments with pre-soaked samples and those conducted under external capillary pressure showed different trends from non-pressurized post-soaked samples, indicating a possible switch in the rate-limiting steps for contaminant diffusion under these conditions. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Popova, IE (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM cfrihart@fs.fed.us; ekozliak@mail.chem.und.nodak.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 6 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 054RC UT WOS:000238395300012 ER PT J AU Ambourn, AK Juzwik, J Eggers, JE AF Ambourn, AK Juzwik, J Eggers, JE TI Flight periodicities, phoresy rates, and levels of pseudopityophthorus minutissimus branch colonization in oak wilt centers SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oak bark beetles; Quercus ellipsoidalis; Quercus rubra; Ceratocystis fagacearum ID CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; MINNESOTA; WOUNDS; FUNGUS AB Oak bark beetles, Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus and P. pruinosus, are considered important vectors of the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in Missouri and Ohio. However, the frequency of the species' association with diseased oaks in Minnesota and their relative importance in pathogen spread in the state are unclear. Window traps were placed in canopies of recently killed northern pin oaks to determine seasonal flight periodicities of dispersing oak bark beetles and their phoresy (pathogen presence) rates. Branch samples were collected from diseased northern pin and northern red oak canopies in May and Aug., life history data obtained, and oak bark beetles emerging from the branches assayed for the pathogen. Only P. minutissimus was found in the study areas. In 2003, peak flight of P. minutissimus in Minnesota occurred 12 May to 19 May, with 869 beetles being trapped. Dispersing beetles carried viable pathogen propagules at low frequencies (4 to 13 per 1,000) in May and June. Branches of oak wilt-killed trees were commonly colonized by the beetle. More beetles emerged from branch samples collected in May than in Aug., but none yielded C. fagacearum. These results support the hypothesis that the relative importance of P. minutissimus in the overland transmission of the pathogen in red oak species in Minnesota is minor. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ambourn, AK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 3700 Airport Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM jjuzwik@fs.fed.us; jordaneggers@gmail.com NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 051NU UT WOS:000238168600004 ER PT J AU Cleveland, CJ Betke, M Federico, P Frank, JD Hallam, TG Horn, J Lopez, JD McCracken, GF Medellin, RA Moreno-Valdez, A Sansone, CG Westbrook, JK Kunz, TH AF Cleveland, Cutler J. Betke, Margrit Federico, Paula Frank, Jeff D. Hallam, Thomas G. Horn, Jason Lopez, Juan D., Jr. McCracken, Gary F. Medellin, Rodrigo A. Moreno-Valdez, Arnulfo Sansone, Chris G. Westbrook, John K. Kunz, Thomas H. TI Economic value of the pest control service provided by Brazilian free-tailed bats in south-central Texas SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; DIETARY VARIATION; CONSERVATION; RADAR AB Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) form enormous summer breeding colonies, mostly in caves and under bridges, in south-central Texas and northern Mexico. Their prey includes several species of adult insects whose larvae are known to be important agricultural pests, including the corn earworm or cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea). We estimate the bats' value as pest control for cotton production in an eightcounty region in south-central Texas. Our calculations show an annual value of $741000 per year, with a range of $121000-$1725000, compared to a $4.6-$6.4 million per year annual cotton harvest. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Energy & Environm Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Indigo Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Cd Victoria, Tamaulipas 87010, Mexico. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RP Cleveland, CJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Energy & Environm Studies, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM cutler@bu.edu OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 NR 22 TC 112 Z9 122 U1 10 U2 84 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0238:EVOTPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 050KF UT WOS:000238085500022 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Milgroom, MG AF Kubisiak, TL Milgroom, MG TI Markers linked to vegetative incompatibility (vic) genes and a region of high heterogeneity and reduced recombination near the mating type locus (MAT) in Cryphonectria parasitica SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chestnut blight; recombinational linkage map; RAPD; SCAR; EST; cosegregation; suppressed recombination; heterogeneity; linkage disequilibrium ID CHESTNUT-BLIGHT-FUNGUS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; HETEROKARYON INCOMPATIBILITY; ENDOTHIA-PARASITICA; PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB To find markers linked to vegetative incompatibility (vic) genes in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, we constructed a preliminary linkage map. In general, this map is characterized by low levels of polymorphism, as evident from the more than 24 linkage groups observed, compared to seven expected from electrophoretic karyotyping. Nonetheless, we found markers closely linked to two vic genes (vic1 and vic2) making them candidates for positional cloning. Two markers were found to be linked to vic2: one cosegregated with vic2, i.e., it is 0.0 cM from vic2, the other was at a distance of 4.5 cM; a single marker was found 4.0 cM from vic1. The closest markers linked to three other vic genes (vic4, vic6, and vic7) were > 15 cM away; additional markers are needed before efficient positional cloning of these three vic genes can be realized. In contrast to the low levels of polymorphism observed across most of the C parasitica genome, the linkage group containing the MAT locus appears to harbor an extremely high level of RAPD heterogeneity and reduced recombination. Markers within this highly heterogeneous region are in linkage disequilibrium in some natural populations; however, recombination is clearly evident between this region and the MAT locus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.02.002 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 047GQ UT WOS:000237868200008 PM 16554177 ER PT J AU Picha, ME Silverstein, JT Borski, RJ AF Picha, Matthew E. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. Borski, Russell J. TI Discordant regulation of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and circulating IGF-I during compensatory growth in a teleost, the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compensatory growth; IGF-I; hybrid striped bass; teleost; gene expression ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COHO SALMON; BINDING-PROTEINS; CHANNEL CATFISH; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; SUNSHINE BASS; INSULIN; HORMONE AB Compensatory growth (CG) is a period of growth that exceeds normal rates after animals are alleviated of certain growth-stunting conditions. Little is known, however, about the endocrine control of CG in teleosts. So, our aim was to induce CG in juvenile hybrid striped bass (HSB, Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) through manipulations in feeding regimen, and then determine whether changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hepatic IGF-I gene expression accompany the CG response. A considerable catabolic state was induced in HSB fed a total of two times over 4 weeks (once each in the 2nd and 3rd week). Negative energy balance was evidenced through weight loss (-3.4% BW) and a significant drop in hepatosomatic index (HSI) from a value of 3.71 to 1.46. Upon realimentation, in which HSB were fed ad libitum 2x/day, a significant CG response was observed over a 4-week period. The CG response was characterized by an elevated specific growth rate, hyperphagia, restoration of the HSI and an improvement in feed conversion, all relative to controls that were fed ad libitum 2x/day throughout the experiment. Moreover, the CG response and catabolic state preceding it were marked by a discordant regulation in the expression of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and plasma IGF-I levels, the latter parameter paralleling changes in growth (r(2) = 0.56, P < 001). The catabolic state was accompanied by an 82% increase in hepatic IGF-I mRNA while levels of plasma IGF-I were significantly depressed relative to controls. During the subsequent CG response, however, hepatic IGF-I mRNA decreased by 61%, while plasma IGF-I increased by 86%. The underlying mechanisms for this inverse regulation of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and circulating IGF-I are uncertain, but may reflect alterations in hepatic IGF-I mRNA production, stability, and translation such that hepatic IGF-I mRNA is accumulated during periods of catabolism and then rapidly translated and released into circulation when conditions improve. These results suggest that CG can be induced in HSB following a sufficient catabolic state and that systemic IGF-I may be an important mediator of the accelerated growth rate characteristic of CG. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Borski, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mepicha@unity.ncsu.edu; jsilvers@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov; russell_borski@ncsu.edu NR 53 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.020 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 046DC UT WOS:000237790600014 PM 16500651 ER PT J AU Ulloa, M Stewart, JM Garcia, EA Godoy, S Gaytan, A Acosta, S AF Ulloa, M Stewart, JM Garcia, EA Godoy, S Gaytan, A Acosta, S TI Cotton genetic resources in the western states of Mexico: in situ conservation status and germplasm collection for ex situ preservation SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE accessions; arborescent species; endemic species; Gossypium; section Erioxylum; wild species AB The Gossypium hirsutum gene pool from Mexico is one of the primary sources for improvement of most of the Acala and Upland cotton growing in the world today. Mexico is also the center of diversity of the Gossypium genus with 11 of the 13 known diploid Gossypium species of the Western Hemisphere endemic to its boundaries. In 2002 and 2003, the current status of these important genetic resources was surveyed, and germplasm was collected in the western states of Mexico. Information was collected to verify current status and circumscription of the endemic Gossypium species. Sixty years after the first in-depth studies of Gossypium in Mexico, increasing human population, modernization and urbanization have severely reduced the survival of G. hirsutum landraces. Representatives of cotton landraces evidently survive only as curiosities in garden plots or dooryards, or as occasional feral plants. Populations of seven known species, G. aridum, G. barbadense, G. gossypioides, G. hirsutum, G. laxum, G. lobatum, and G. schwendimanii, and one undescribed wild diploid Gossypium taxon were located during the survey. In situ conservation of some of these species is threatened. Samples of the collected germplasm were deposited in the Cotton Collection of the US National Plant Germplasm System where they will be available to scientists worldwide for research, breeding, and education. Additionally, a Gossypium species nursery is being established by the Mexican government for the preservation, and as a working legacy, of this resource. Knowledge of the diversity and, consequently, utilization of the genetic resources in these species cannot be fully realized in situ under current conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, WCIS Res Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. INIFAP, SAGARPA, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Ulloa, M (reprint author), 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mulloa@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 653 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-2988-0 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 035AY UT WOS:000236973400001 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH Peloquin, SJ AF Jansky, SH Peloquin, SJ TI Advantages of wild diploid Solanum species over cultivated diploid relatives in potato breeding programs SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE haploid; haploid x species hybrid; Phureja Group; Solanum tuberosum; unilateral sexual polyploidization; wild species ID FDR 2N POLLEN; TUBER TRAITS; 4X-2X CROSSES; HYBRIDS; RESISTANCE; YIELD; TRANSMISSION; INHERITANCE; STABILITY; HAPLOIDS AB For breeding programs of the tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum), both wild and cultivated diploid relatives are valuable sources of genetic diversity. While both types of germplasm are used in breeding programs, there are several advantages to using wild relatives. Diploid relatives are typically crossed with haploids (2n = 2x = 24) from tetraploid S. tuberosum to improve daylength adaptation. Most haploids are male sterile, so they are typically used as female parents. Cultivated diploids, such as members of the Phureja Group, produce male sterile hybrids when crossed as females to haploids; wild relatives, such as S. tarijense, often produce male fertile hybrids. Tuber yield following crosses of haploids to cultivated or wild relatives is often high. However, cultivated relatives generally produce hybrids with a high set of small tubers; hybrids from wild relatives are variable, but many are similar to cultivars in tuber size and set. While tubers of hybrids from cultivated relatives are typically rough, with deep eyes and raised internodes, those from wild relatives are often smooth. Tuber dormancy in hybrids with cultivated relatives is generally short, while that in hybrids with wild species is longer, allowing for storage over winter. Finally, resistance to several major diseases and stresses has been found in wild species and their hybrids with S. tuberosum haploids. The desirable traits in hybrids are transmitted to tetraploids via unilateral sexual polyploidization (4x x 2x or 2x x 4x crosses in which the diploid parent produces 2n gametes). Wild Solanum species are recommended for use in potato breeding programs as sources of genetic diversity that can be adapted easily following hybridization with S. tuberosum haploids. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-2949-7 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 035AY UT WOS:000236973400002 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Chen, ZB Barkley, NA Newman, ML Kim, W Raymer, P Pederson, GA AF Wang, ML Chen, ZB Barkley, NA Newman, ML Kim, W Raymer, P Pederson, GA TI Characterization of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) germplasm by transferred SSRs from wheat, maize and sorghum SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE characterization; germplasm; paspalum; SSR; transferability ID MARKERS; GRASSES; MICROSATELLITES; EVOLUTION; BARLEY AB One hundred and thirty SSR markers from wheat, maize and sorghum were screened for the transferability to Paspalum. The transfer rate was 67.5, 49.0 and 66.8% respectively. This would be a very efficient approach for DNA marker development for species which are not well studied molecularly. The polymorphism level for transferred SSR markers was 51.5% within species (Paspalum vaginatum) and 87.1% among Paspalum species. The high level of polymorphism is directly related to the high degree of heterozygosity maintained by its way of reproduction, i.e. self-incompatibility. Forty transferred polymorphic SSR markers were selected and used for characterization and evaluation of seventy-three Paspalum accessions. In total, 209 polymorphic bands were detected from these 40 SSR markers, with an average of five polymorphic bands per marker. The Paspalum accessions clustered into three major groups. Two very similar dendrograms can be generated from either 109 or 209 polymorphic bands. This led us to determine that 18 of the transferred SSR markers were sufficient for genetically differentiating the investigated germplasm accessions. The number of SSR markers required for germplasm characterization and evaluation is discussed. This is the first report of the transfer of SSR markers from major field crops to newly emerged environmental turfgrasses. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mwang@ars-grin.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 53 IS 4 BP 779 EP 791 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-5540-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 035AY UT WOS:000236973400014 ER PT J AU Olsen, KM Caicedo, AL Polato, N McClung, A McCouch, S Purugganan, MD AF Olsen, KM Caicedo, AL Polato, N McClung, A McCouch, S Purugganan, MD TI Selection under domestication: Evidence for a sweep in the rice Waxy genomic region SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MAIZE DOMESTICATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AMYLOSE CONTENT; GLUTINOUS RICE; MESSENGER-RNA; ENDOSPERM; ORIGIN; RECOMBINATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Rice (Oryza saliva) was cultivated by Asian Neolithic farmers > 11,000 years ago, and different cultures have selected for divergent starch qualities in the rice grain during and after the domestication process. An intron I splice donor site initiation of the Waxg gene is responsible for the absence of amylose in glutinous rice varieties. This mutation appears to have also played an important role in the origin of low amylose, nonglutinous temperate japonica rice varieties, which form a primary component of Northeast Asian Cuisines. Waxy DNA sequence analyses indicate that the splice donor mutation is prevalent in temperate japonica rice varieties, but rare or absent in tropical japonica, indica, aus, and aromatic varieties. Sequence analysis across a 500-kb genomic region centered on Waxy reveals patterns consistent with a selective sweep in the temperate japonicas associated with the mutation. The size of the selective sweep (> 250 kb) indicates very strong selection in this region, with an inferred selection coefficient that is higher than similar estimates from maize domestication genes or wild species. These findings demonstrate that selection pressures associated with crop domestication regimes can exceed by one to two orders of magnitude those observed for genes tinder even strong selection in natural systems. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Purugganan, MD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, 3513 Gardner Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM michaelp@unity.ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 134 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 28 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 173 IS 2 BP 975 EP 983 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.056473 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 058FM UT WOS:000238650900039 PM 16547098 ER PT J AU Kalavacharla, V Hossain, K Gu, Y Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Bhamidimarri, S Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Maan, SS Kianian, SF AF Kalavacharla, V Hossain, K Gu, Y Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Bhamidimarri, S Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Maan, SS Kianian, SF TI High-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1D SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-RICH REGIONS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; WHOLE-GENOME; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; PHYSICAL MAPS; BIN MAP; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; COMPLEX GENOMES; SCS(AE) GENE AB Physical mapping methods that do not rely on meiotic recombination are necessary for complex polyp ploid genomes such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This need is due to the uneven distribution of recombination and significant variation in genetic to physical distance ratios. One method that has proven valuable in a number of nonplant and plant systems is radiation hybrid (RH) mapping. This work presents, for the first time, a high-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1D (D genome) in a tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L., AB genomes) background. An RH panel of 87 lines was used to map 378 molecular markers, which detected 2312 chromosome breaks. The total map distance ranged from similar to 3,341 cR(35,000) for five major linkage groups to 11,773 cR(35,000) for a comprehensive map. The mapping resolution was estimated to be similar to 199 kb/break and provided the starting point for BAC contig alignment. To date, this is the highest resolution that has been obtained by plant RH mapping and serves as a first step for the development of RH resources in wheat. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kianian, SF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 470G Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM s.kianian@ndsu.nodak.edu OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 65 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2006 VL 173 IS 2 BP 1089 EP 1099 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.056481 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 058FM UT WOS:000238650900048 PM 16624903 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Mosjidis, JA Morris, JB Dean, RE Jenkins, TM Pederson, GA AF Wang, M. L. Mosjidis, J. A. Morris, J. B. Dean, R. E. Jenkins, T. M. Pederson, G. A. TI Genetic diversity of Crotalaria germplasm assessed through phylogenetic analysis of EST-SSR markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Crotalaria germplasm; EST-SSR; genetic diversity; phylogeny ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; JUNCEA; VARIABILITY; MAIZE AB The genetic diversity of the genus Crotalaria is unknown even though many species in this genus are economically valuable. We report the first study in which polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from Medicago and soybean were used to assess the genetic diversity of the Crotalaria germplasm collection. This collection consisted of 26 accessions representing 4 morphologically characterized species. Phylogenetic analysis partitioned accessions into 4 main groups generally along species lines and revealed that 2 accessions were incorrectly identified as Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis instead of Crotalaria retusa. Morphological re-examination confirmed that these 2 accessions were misclassified during curation or conservation and were indeed C. retusa. Some amplicons from Crotalaria were sequenced and their sequences showed a high similarity (89% sequence identity) to Medicago truncatula from which the EST-SSR primers were designed; however, the SSRs were completely deleted in Crotalaria. Highly distinguishing markers or more sequences are required to further classify accessions within C. juncea. C1 USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 707 EP 715 DI 10.1139/G06-027 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 074PW UT WOS:000239825300015 PM 16936850 ER PT J AU Brown, DJ Shepherd, KD Walsh, MG Mays, MD Reinsch, TG AF Brown, DJ Shepherd, KD Walsh, MG Mays, MD Reinsch, TG TI Global soil characterization with VNIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; VNIR; PLS regression; clay mineralogy; boosted regression trees; soil characterization ID ADDITIVE LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; STATISTICAL VIEW; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CARBON; MINERALS; CALIBRATION AB There has been growing interest in the use of diffuse infrared reflectance as a quick, inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In studies reported to date, calibration and validation samples have been collected at either a local or regional scale. For this study, we selected 3768 samples from all 50 U.S. states and two tropical territories and an additional 416 samples from 36 different countries in Africa (125), Asia (104), the Americas (75) and Europe (112). The samples were selected from the National Soil Survey Center archives in Lincoln, NE, USA, with only one sample per pedon and a weighted random sampling to maximize compositional diversity. Applying visible and near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to airdry soil (< 2 mm) with auxiliary predictors including sand content or pH, we obtained validation root mean squared deviation (RMSD) estimates of 54 g kg(-1) for clay, 7.9 g kg(-1) for soil organic C (SOC), 5.6 g kg(-1) for inorganic C (IC), 8.9 g kg(-1) for dithionate-citrate extractable Fe (FEd), and 5.5 cmol(c) kg(-1) for cation exchange capacity (CEC) with NH4 at pH = 7. For all of these properties, boosted regression trees (BRT) outperformed PLS regression, suggesting that this might be a preferred method for VNIR-DRS soil characterization. Using BRT, we were also able to predict ordinal clay mineralogy levels for montmorillonite and kaolinite, with 88% and 96%, respectively, falling within one ordinal unit of reference X-ray diffraction (XRD) values (0-5 on ordinal scale). Given the amount of information obtained in this study with similar to 4 x 10(3) samples, we anticipate that calibrations sufficient for many applications might be obtained with large but obtainable soil-spectral libraries (perhaps 10(4)-10(5) samples). The use of auxiliary predictors (potentially from complementary sensors), supplemental local calibration samples and theoretical spectroscopy all have the potential to improve predictions. Our findings suggest that VNIR soil characterization has the potential to replace or augment standard soil characterization techniques where rapid and inexpensive analysis is required. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. ICRAF, World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Brown, DJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM djbrown@montana.edu RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009; OI Shepherd, Keith/0000-0001-7144-3915 NR 61 TC 314 Z9 327 U1 14 U2 104 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 2006 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.025 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 049EG UT WOS:000237998100003 ER PT J AU Kubiske, ME Quinn, VS Heilman, WE McDonald, EP Marquardt, PE Teclaw, RM Friend, AL Karnosky, DF AF Kubiske, ME Quinn, VS Heilman, WE McDonald, EP Marquardt, PE Teclaw, RM Friend, AL Karnosky, DF TI Interannual climatic variation mediates elevated CO2 and O-3 effects on forest growth SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; carbon dioxide; FACE; global change; ozone; Populus tremuloides; relative growth rate; trembling aspen ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ACER-SACCHARUM; RADIAL GROWTH; SOIL-NITROGEN AB We analyzed growth data from model aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems grown in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]; 518 mu L L-1) and ozone concentrations ([O-3]; 1.5 x background of 30-40 nL L-1 during daylight hours) for 7 years using free-air CO2 enrichment technology to determine how interannual variability in present-day climate might affect growth responses to either gas. We also tested whether growth effects of those gasses were sustained over time. Elevated [CO2] increased tree heights, diameters, and main stem volumes by 11%, 16%, and 20%, respectively, whereas elevated ozone [O-3] decreased them by 11%, 8%, and 29%, respectively. Responses similar to these were found for stand volume and basal area. There were no growth responses to the combination of elevated [CO2+O-3]. The elevated [CO2] growth stimulation was found to be decreasing, but relative growth rates varied considerably from year to year. Neither the variation in annual relative growth rates nor the apparent decline in CO2 growth response could be explained in terms of nitrogen or water limitations. Instead, growth responses to elevated [CO2] and [O-3] interacted strongly with present-day interannual variability in climatic conditions. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation and temperature during specific times of the year coinciding with growth phenology explained 20-63% of the annual variation in growth response to elevated [CO2] and [O-3]. Years with higher photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) during the month of July resulted in more positive growth responses to elevated [CO2] and more negative growth responses to elevated [O-3]. Mean daily temperatures during the month of October affected growth in a similar fashion the following year. These results indicate that a several-year trend of increasingly cloudy summers and cool autumns were responsible for the decrease in CO2 growth response. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kubiske, ME (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM mkubiske@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1068 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01152.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 043LI UT WOS:000237602200011 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Zhao, D Phillips, WA Coleman, SW AF Starks, PJ Zhao, D Phillips, WA Coleman, SW TI Herbage mass, nutritive value and canopy spectral reflectance of bermudagrass pastures SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crude protein; neutral-detergent fibre; acid-detergent fibre; plant genotypic variation; canopy reflectance; reflectance ratios ID LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN AB Timely and accurate detection of above-ground herbage mass and the nutritive value of pastures can help the more efficient adjustment of stocking rate and determine the timing of protein supplements to be fed to livestock grazing these pastures. The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal variation in herbage mass, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) concentrations of herbage and canopy reflectance of pastures of genotypes of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), and to analyse the relationships between these descriptors of nutritive value of herbage and canopy reflectance in broad spectral wavebands. Three bermudagrass pastures of varieties Midland and Ozarka, and an experimental hybrid, 74 x 12-12, were established in 1991 and had received the same field management and stocking rate. Canopy reflectance, above-ground herbage mass of DM and CP, and NDF, ADF and CP concentrations of herbage were measured in the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. Year, genotype and sampling date significantly (P < 0.05) affected most measured variables. Ratios of canopy reflectance in blue to red (R-(blue)/R-(red)) and in near infrared to red (R-(NIR)/R-(red)) wavebands were highly correlated with concentrations of CP in herbage and herbage mass of CP but the relationships between reflectance ratios and NDF and ADF concentrations of herbage were relatively low. It is concluded that the CP concentration of herbage and herbage mass of CP of pastures can be estimated throughout the growing season using remote sensing of canopy reflectance and the information may be used for pasture and livestock management. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2006.00514.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040AQ UT WOS:000237351000001 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, PW Williams, RD AF Bartholomew, PW Williams, RD TI Effects of exposure to below-freezing temperatures, soil moisture content and nitrogen application on phyllochron in cool-season grasses SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Italian ryegrass; tall fescue; phyllochron; soil moisture; low temperature ID LEAF EMERGENCE; SPRING WHEAT; CEREAL-GRAINS; BARLEY; APPEARANCE; GROWTH; WATER AB Accumulated temperature may provide an indicator of the phenology of cool-season grass to assist in the timing of management operations but its value is highly dependent on a reliable measure of phyllochron, i.e. time between the elongation of successive leaves. Field and controlled environment studies with Italian ryegrass (IRG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and tall fescue (TF, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) measured leaf-appearance responses to accumulated temperature with varying conditions of exposure to low temperatures, soil moisture content and nitrogen application. In a controlled environment, soil volumetric water contents below 20% (equivalent to moisture potentials greater than -0.1 MPa) or more frequent exposure to below-freezing air temperatures increased the phyllochron values on the main tiller of IRG and TF. There was no evidence of an interaction between soil moisture content and cold exposure on phyllochron values. Nitrogen application resulted in only small reduction in phyllochron values. In field studies over 4 years the phyllochron values in IRG during the months of January to March were 184, 180, 180 and 167 accumulated degrees C above 0 degrees C leaf(-1), more than double the mean value measured in a controlled environment. A greater understanding of the impact of variable low temperatures and of soil moisture potential on the phyllochron is necessary before accumulated temperature can be used to indicate changes in development stages in grasses in different environments. C1 Langston Univ, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA ARS, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Bartholomew, PW (reprint author), Langston Univ, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA ARS, POB 1730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM pbarthol@lurestext.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2006.00518.x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 040AQ UT WOS:000237351000005 ER PT J AU Polanin, N DiNardo, MF Hlubik, WT Emens, B AF Polanin, N DiNardo, MF Hlubik, WT Emens, B TI By the numbers: Asian longhorned beetle and the New Jersey experience SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers Cooperat Res & Extens, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA, Cooperat Asian Longhorned Beetle Eradicat Project, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400002 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Roberts, W AF Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Roberts, W TI Lycopene content of organically grown tomatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400068 ER PT J AU Baldwin, E AF Baldwin, E TI Current research programs at the USDA-ARS citrus and subtropical products laboratory SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 504 EP 504 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400074 ER PT J AU Mahattanatawee, K Baldwin, E Goodner, K Manthey, J Luzio, G AF Mahattanatawee, K Baldwin, E Goodner, K Manthey, J Luzio, G TI Nutritional components in select Florida tropical fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 504 EP 504 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400075 ER PT J AU Nasir, S Malik, A Bradford, JM Brockington, J AF Nasir, S Malik, A Bradford, JM Brockington, J TI Growing olives in Texas; Regulation of flowering in 'arbequina' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 509 EP 510 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400101 ER PT J AU Fain, GB Gilliam, CH AF Fain, GB Gilliam, CH TI Physical properties of media composed of ground whole pine trees and their effects on vinca (Catharanthus roseus) growth SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So HOrt Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400103 ER PT J AU Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Keever, GJ AF Fain, GB Gilliam, CH Keever, GJ TI Herbicide use in hardy ferns SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400104 ER PT J AU Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM Draper, AD AF Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM Draper, AD TI Recent USDA-ARS blueberry cultivar releases SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 510 EP 511 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400105 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Curry, KJ Stringer, SJ AF Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Curry, KJ Stringer, SJ TI Laboratory method to estimate incidence of fruit splitting in cultivated blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39426 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 511 EP 511 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400107 ER PT J AU Narciso, J Baldwin, E Plotto, A AF Narciso, J Baldwin, E Plotto, A TI (T)esting antifungal competency of compounds against some postharvest pathogens using the disc assay method SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33884 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 511 EP 511 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400106 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Draper, AD AF NeSmith, DS Draper, AD TI 'Camellia': A new midseason southern highbush blueberry cultivar SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 512 EP 513 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400116 ER PT J AU Grauke, LJ Mendoza-Herrera, MA Loopstra, C Thomspon, TE AF Grauke, LJ Mendoza-Herrera, MA Loopstra, C Thomspon, TE TI Microsatellite markers for verifying parentage of pecans SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Pecan Breeding & Genet, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400129 ER PT J AU Webber, CL Shrefler, JW AF Webber, CL Shrefler, JW TI Squash production and organic weed control SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400128 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Buckley, B Marsh, DB AF Fery, RL Buckley, B Marsh, DB TI Whippersnapper,a snap-type southernpea for home and market gardeners and the food processing industry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. LSU, AgCtr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA USA. Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400135 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Berland, RA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Berland, RA Fery, RL TI Response of cow pea cultivars to Rhizoctonia solani in field tests at four planting dates SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400133 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Clark, C Kokkinos, C Bohac, JR Hurtt, SS Jarrel, RL Gillaspie, AG AF Ling, KS Clark, C Kokkinos, C Bohac, JR Hurtt, SS Jarrel, RL Gillaspie, AG TI An update on evaluation of virus status in the heirloom sweetpotato germplasm materials with real-time PCR technology SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. USDA, APHIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400140 ER PT J AU Levi, A Davis, A Wechter, P Hernandez, A Thimmapuram, J AF Levi, A Davis, A Wechter, P Hernandez, A Thimmapuram, J TI Developing expressed sequenced tags (ESTS) for watermelon fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biotechnol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 518 EP 519 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400147 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Siddiq, M Dolan, K AF Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Siddiq, M Dolan, K TI Juice and carotenoid yield from processed watermelon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400146 ER PT J AU Roberts, W Bruton, B Fish, W Taylor, M AF Roberts, W Bruton, B Fish, W Taylor, M TI Year two: Effects of grafting on watermelon yield and quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Lane Agr Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400149 ER PT J AU Taylor, M Bruton, B Fish, W Roberts, W AF Taylor, M Bruton, B Fish, W Roberts, W TI Economics of crafted vs conventional watermelon plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Lane Agr Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, SCARL, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400151 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Levi, A AF Thies, JA Levi, A TI Resistance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Var. citroides) germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematodes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 520 EP 520 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400152 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Reed, SM AF Jones, KA Reed, SM TI Production and verification of Hydrangea arborescens 'Dardom' x H-involucrata hybrids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE smooth hydrangea; interspecific hybridization; RAPDs; breeding ID HORTENSIA LAM. REHD. AB Previous attempts to use interspecific hybridization to combine flower color and cold hardiness in Hydrangea have not produced the desired results, with confirmed hybrids being weak, sterile or aneuploid. In all cases, H. macrophylla (Thumb.) Ser. was used as the source of flower color. This work investigates the use of H. involucrata Sieb. as an alternative source of flower color in Hydrangea interspecific hybridizations. Controlled reciprocal pollinations of H. involucrata with two cultivars of H. arborescens L. and three cultivars of H. paniculata Sieb. were made. Hybridity of progeny was verified using RAPD markers and confirmed with chromosome counts and morphological comparisons of hybrids and parents. Plants were obtained only when H. involucrata was used as the pollen parent. No hybrids between H. paniculata or H. arborescens 'Annabelle' and H. involucrata were produced. Seven H. arborescens 'Dardom' x H. involucrata progeny showed either a sum of the RAPD bands of both parents or banding patterns that matched those of H. involucrata. Leaf blade length and length/width ratio of the hybrid were intermediate to its parents. Chromosome number in the hybrid (2n = 34) was also intermediate between H. arborecens (2n = 38) and H. involucrata (2n = 30). One 'Dardom' x H. involucrata plant flowered in 2005. While pollen staining indicated a very low level of fertility, we will continue to evaluate the possibility of using the hybrid for producing advanced filial or backcross progeny. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,Agr Res Serv, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM sreed@blomand.net NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 564 EP 566 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400163 ER PT J AU Reed, SM AF Reed, SM TI Reproductive biology of Clethra alnifolia SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE summersweet; breeding; self-incompatibility; stigma receptivity ID ANGIOSPERMS AB Breeding efforts in Clethra alnifolia L., an ornamental shrub native to the Eastern U.S., are hindered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility, time of stigma receptivity, and the relationship between time of pollen shed and stigma receptivity in C alnifolia. Stigma receptivity and changes in floral morphology were monitored over a 7-day period beginning at flower opening. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. Anthers began to dehisce in 'Hummingbird' and 'Ruby Spice' the day after flowers opened, but stigmas did not become fully receptive to pollen until 2 days later. An increase in the length of pistils was observed following flower opening. Maximum elongation of pistils occurred at approximately the same time stigmas became receptive and could be utilized as an indicator of receptivity. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C alnifolia. Self-pollinations of 'Hummingbird' and 'Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emasculation is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late acting self-incompatibility system or early-acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,USDA ARS, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum,USDA ARS, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM sreed@blomand.net NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400164 ER PT J AU Zhuang, FY Chen, JF Staub, JE Qian, CT AF Zhuang, FY Chen, JF Staub, JE Qian, CT TI Taxonomic relationships of a rare Cucumis species (C-hystrix Chakr.) and its interspecific hybrid with cucumber SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis hystrix; Cucumis x hytivus; taxonomy; RAPD markerss; Jaccard's coefficient; UPGMA ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; SATIVUS L.; MARKERS; ISOZYME; CUCURBITACEAE; HYBRIDIZATION; MELON AB The current Cucumis taxonomic classification places C. hystrix Chakr. in subgen. Cucumis based on its morphological similarities to cucumber (C. sativus L., 2n = 14). However, the chromosome number of C hystrix was identified as 2n = 24, the same number as in subgen. Melo. Cucumis hystrix is therefore considered the first wild Cucumis species of Asiatic origin possessing 12 basic chromosomes. Thus, any research regarding its biosystematics would challenge the basic chromosome number and geographic location theories that govern the current taxonomic system. The production of the amphidiploid species (Cucumis x hytivus Chen and Kirkbride, 2n = 38) obtained from the cross between C hystrix and C sativus and subsequent chromosome doubling would provide an effective means of investigating the relationship between Cucumis species with two different basic chromosome numbers. Thus, RAPD markers were used to study the taxonomic placement of C hystrix and its interspecific hybrid with cucumber. Of the 220 arbitrary primers screened, 31 were used for analysis where 402 (96.3%) fragments were polymorphic among the germplasm examined. A UPGMA-based cluster analysis partitioned 31 accessions into two main groups [C sativus (CS) and C melo (CM)]. Under the similarity coefficient threshold of 0.23, these two groups can be further divided into five clusters with C hystrix, C x hytivus, and C sativus as separate clusters in the CS group. A modified taxonomic system is proposed based on these results and findings of a previous chloroplast DNA analysis with the genus Cucumis containing subgen. Cucumis with three species and subgen. Melo with six series. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Vegetable Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crop Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Vegetable Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jfchen@njau.edu.cn NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400165 ER PT J AU Pounders, C Reed, S Pooler, M AF Pounders, C Reed, S Pooler, M TI Comparison of self- and cross-pollination on pollen tube growth, seed development, and germination in crapemyrtle SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lagerstroemia indica; Lagerstroemia fauriei; L. indica x L. fauriei hybrids; self-incompatibility; ornamental breeding ID LAGERSTROEMIA; INCOMPATIBILITY AB Crapemyrtle (L. indica and L. indica x Lfauriei hybrids) is one of the most popular flowering landscape plants in the U.S. Although many cultivars have been developed through breeding efforts, little has been published on the reproductive biology of the genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate barriers to successful self-seed production in crapemyrtle. Self-compatibility was assessed by comparing pollen tube growth., fruit and seed production, and seed germination following controlled self- and cross-pollinations. Observations of pollen tube growth at intervals up to 24 hours after self- and cross-pollination indicated no barriers to self-fertilization acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in L. indica, L. fauriei or cultivars derived from inter-specific hybrids of these two species. Self-pollinations of 'Catawba', 'Whit IV','Tonto' and 'Tuscarora' had lower percent seed pod set and seed germination than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. The number of seeds per pod was lower when 'Catawba', 'Whit IV' and 'Tuscarora' were self- rather than cross-pollinated, but no difference between 'Tonto' self- and cross-pollinations was observed. When decreased pod set is combined with much lower seed germination for self-pollinations, selfing of crapemyrtle is extremely unproductive when compared to cross-pollination. A late-acting self-incompatibility system or inbreeding depression is indicated for L. indica and inter-specific crosses with Lfauriei. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA,Agr Res Serv, US Natl Arboretum,Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Pounders, C (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Hort Lab, POB 287,810 Hwy 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM cpounders@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400166 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Ogden, EL Rowland, LJ Vinyard, B AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Ogden, EL Rowland, LJ Vinyard, B TI Evaluation of midwinter cold hardiness among 25 rabbiteye blueberry cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dehardening; freezing tolerance; flower bud ID VACCINIUM AB The midwinter cold hardiness of 25 rabbiteye (V. ashei) blueberry cultivars was assayed across 2 years using a shoot freezing assay. LT50 values (i.e. temperature at which 50% of buds are damaged) for the cultivars ranged from -24.9 degrees C for 'Pearl River' (a 50% V ashei derivative) to -13.7 degrees C for 'Chaucer'. Under New Jersey conditions, numerous cultivars were observed to exhibit dimorphism for dormant floral bud size. Comparisons of bud dimorphism with LT50 values, found dimorphism more common in cultivars with lower floral bud hardiness. LT50 values generally supported empirical observations of winter hardiness, but exceptions suggest that additional factors contribute to observed winter hardiness under field conditions. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 579 EP 581 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400167 ER PT J AU Sah, S Reed, S Jayachandran, K Dunn, C Fisher, JB AF Sah, S Reed, S Jayachandran, K Dunn, C Fisher, JB TI The effect of repeated short-term flooding on mycorrhizal survival in snap bean roots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi; Glomus intraradices; Etrophospora columbiana; Gigaspora margarita; Gigaspora rosae; flood tolerance; percent colonization; spore germination; snap bean; Phaseolus vulgaris ID TOMATO CULTIVARS; SOIL; GROWTH; PLANTS; FUNGI; COLONIZATION; INFECTION AB Since arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are aerobic, symbiosis was not considered significant under flooded conditions. However, AM colonization of wetland plants is now believed more common than previously thought. In the humid tropics, storms that result in standing water for 24 hours or less are common. Short-term floods, especially on sandy soils, may each banded fertilizer, reducing uptake efficiency. Crops planted in flood prone areas are not normally enhanced with mycorrhizal mixes. However, mycorrhizal Associations tolerant to wet conditions may improve nutrient uptake as plants recover from short-term flooding. Greenhouse studies were initiated to determine the effects of frequent short-term floods (two to four events) on mycorrhizal colonization and subsequent development in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Flooding produced no obvious long-term physical effects on plant shoots. In the first study, flooding did not affect survival of colonies established before the first flood event. Percent root colonization in flooded vs. nonflooded treatments was not significantly different at either 31 or 50 days after planting (DAP). As root length increased there was a concomitant increase in colonization so that percent colonization remained approximately the same in both flooded and nonflooded treatments. In the second study, three weekly floods beginning 13 DAP (cotyledon leaf open only) did not inhibit initial mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal associations should form with snap bean under conditions subject to short-term flooding. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of different mycorrhizal mixes under short-term flooded conditions in the field. C1 Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Honors Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Sah, S (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Honors Coll, Dept Environm Studies, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM sreed@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 598 EP 602 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400172 ER PT J AU Pounders, C Marshall, D Posadas, B AF Pounders, C Marshall, D Posadas, B TI Hurricane Katrina: Perspective from the southern horticultural laboratory SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pecan; ornamentals; blueberry; small fruits; tung; hurricane recovery; hurricane preparation; research transition ID UNITED-STATES AB Surviving extremes of climate is a fundamental component of horticultural production and research. The Southern Horticultural Laboratory has weathered many storms including Hurricane Camille and now Hurricane Katrina. The name of the research station has changed twice, both times following massive hurricanes. Before Hurricane Camille in 1969, the station title was the Tung Research Unit. After the devastation of the tong industry by Camille, the research focus changed to blueberries and other small fruit crops with a corresponding name change to Small Fruit Research Unit in 1976. The research objectives expanded to include ornamental research in 2001. Post Hurricane Katrina, the unit was renamed the Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory to reflect the station's expanded research mission. This paper chronicles how the station reacted to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. It also evaluates economic vitality of commodities researched at the station in contrast with storm effects on pecan and the demise of tung production. Katrina produced some temporary interruptions in production but no drastic restructuring of the type experienced with tung production after Camille is anticipated. Hurricanes are inevitable for the Gulf Coast region. Wise planning and implementation of preventative measures to protect horticultural crops and research will determine future success. C1 USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. RP Pounders, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, POB 287,810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM cpounders@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 680 EP 684 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400188 ER PT J AU Serdani, M Spotts, RA Calabro, JM Postman, JD Qu, AP AF Serdani, M Spotts, RA Calabro, JM Postman, JD Qu, AP TI Evaluation of the USDA national clonal Pyrus germplasm collection for resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foliar symptoms; fruit russet; nursery disease; pear; powdery mildew ID APPLE POWDERY MILDEW; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Powdery mildew (PM) occurs worldwide and is prevalent on susceptible cultivars wherever pears are grown, causing economic losses due to russeted fruit and an increased need for fungicides. A core subset of the Pyrus germplasm collection at the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Ore., was evaluated for resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha, the causal agent of PM, using greenhouse and field inoculations of potted trees. The core collection consists of about 200 cultivars and species selections, representing most of the genetic diversity of pears and includes 31 Asian cultivars (ASN), 122 European cultivars (EUR), 9 EUR x ASN hybrids and 46 pear species selections. Three trees of each core accession were grafted on seedling rootstocks. In 2001-02, trees were artificially inoculated in a greenhouse, grown under conditions conducive for PM, and evaluated for symptoms. The same trees were subsequently evaluated for PM symptoms from natural field infections during 2003 and 2004. In the greenhouse, 95% of EUR and 38% of ASN were infected with PM. Average PM incidence (percent of leaves infected) in the greenhouse (8% for ASN and 30% for EUR) was much higher than incidence in the field (2% for ASN and 5% for EUR) during 2003. Symptoms were also more severe in the greenhouse, with 46% of ASN and(-)83% of EUR with PM symptoms having a mean PM incidence of > 10%. In the field, 42% and 22% of EUR and 23% and 13% of ASN were infected with R leucotricha in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Field infection was very low during both years, with percentage leaves infected in ASN and species selections significantly different from EUR. In the field, 6% of ASN with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence > 10% during both years, while 15% and 2% of EUR accessions with PM symptoms had a mean PM incidence > 10% in 2003 and 2004 respectively. These results should be very useful to pear breeding programs to develop improved PM resistant cultivars in the future, by using accessions with consistent low PM ratings. C1 Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Serdani, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM maryna.serdani@oregonstate.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400196 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Mon, JL Makus, DJ AF Lester, GE Mon, JL Makus, DJ TI Supplemental foliar potassium applications with or without a surfactant can enhance netted muskmelon quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus group); ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; color; firmness; sugars; soluble solids; pressure potential ID FRUIT-QUALITY; NUTRITION; CALCIUM; TISSUE; PLANTS; APPLE; YIELD; ACID AB Netted muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit quality (ascorbic acid, P-carotene, total free sugars, and soluble solids concentration (SSC)) is directly related to plant potassium (K) concentration during fruit growth and maturation. During reproductive development, soil K fertilization alone is often inadequate due to poor root uptake and competitive uptake inhibition from calcium and magnesium. Foliar applications of glycine-complexed K during muskmelon fruit development has been shown to improve fruit quality, however, the influence of organic-complexed K vs. an inorganic salt form has not been determined. This glasshouse study investigated the effects of two K sources: a glycine-complexed K (potassium metalosate, KM) and potassium chloride (KCI) (both containing 800 mg K/L) with or without a non-ionic surfactant (Silwet L-77) on melon quality. Orange-flesh muskmelon 'Cruiser' was grown in a glasshouse and fertilized throughout the study with soil-applied N-P-K fertilizer. Starting at 3 to 5 d after fruit set, and up to 3 to 5 d before fruit maturity at full slip, entire plants were sprayed weekly, including the fruit, with KM or KCI with or without a surfactant. Fruit from plants receiving supplemental foliar K had significantly higher K concentrations in the edible middle mesocarp fruit tissue compared to control untreated fruit. Fruit from treated plants were also firmer, both externally and internally, than those from non-treated control plants. Increased fruit tissue firmness was accompanied by higher tissue pressure potentials of K treated plants vs. control. In general, K treated fruit had significantly higher SSC, total sugars, total ascorbic acid, and P-carotene than control fruit. Fall-grown fruit generally had higher SSC, total sugars, total ascorbic acid and beta-carotene concentrations than spring-grown fruit regardless of K treatment. The effects of surfactant were not consistent but in general, addition of a surfactant tended to affect higher SSC and beta-carotene concentrations. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 741 EP 744 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 039IE UT WOS:000237298400202 ER EF